FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Shaff, CD Compton, JE AF Shaff, Courtney D. Compton, Jana E. TI Differential Incorporation of Natural Spawners vs. Artificially Planted Salmon Carcasses in a Stream Food Web: Evidence from delta N-15 of Juvenile Coho Salmon SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CUTTHROAT TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; HABITAT; NITROGEN; PRODUCTIVITY AB Placement of salmon carcasses is a common restoration technique in Oregon and Washington streams, with the goal of improving food resources and productivity of juvenile salmon. To explore the effectiveness of this restoration technique, we measured the delta N-15 of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as an index of the incorporation of salmon-derived nutrients (SDN) in streams with varying amounts of natural spawners and artificially placed carcasses. Although delta N-15 of juvenile coho salmon increased with salmon carcass mass in the stream channel, this relationship was only significant for natural spawners. Artificially placed carcasses did not appear to increase SDN utilization by juvenile coho salmon. Possible explanatory factors include the restricted spatial and temporal distribution of carcasses, general absence of eggs, and lack of substrate bioturbation associated with artificially placed carcasses. Our Study suggests that artificially placed carcasses at the levels added in the Oregon Coast Range may not directly mimic the role of natural spawners in stream foodwebs. C1 [Shaff, Courtney D.] Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Compton, Jana E.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Shaff, CD (reprint author), Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Salem, OR USA. EM jana@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Bob Bilby and Hal Michael for valuable suggestions on the manuscript. William Liss, Selena Heppeti, Stephen Schoenholtz and Joe Ebersole provided key advice on the design and interpretations of the data. Numerous people assisted with field and laboratory work: Dana DevinClarke, Kirk Rensineyer, Araceli Veliz, Tyler Mintkeski, Nancy RaskaLlskas, Scott Shaff, Valerie Kelly, Anthony Olegario, Alex Farrand, Chana Dudiot, Stephanie Orlaineta, Shannon McDowell, Sharon Crowley, Mike Zenthoefer, Nate Richardson, Saslia Fertig, Pam Archer, and Jake Godfrey. This work has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the Nationat Health and Environmentat Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constiture endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.2.62 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477NA UT WOS:000268524600009 ER PT J AU Portier, C AF Portier, C. TI Toxicological decision-making on hazards and risks - status quo and way forward SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Forum Towards Evidence-Based Toxicology CY OCT 15-15, 2007 CL Como, ITALY C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Risk Assessment Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Portier, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Risk Assessment Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD FEB-MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1177/0960327109105768 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 489IM UT WOS:000269413700013 PM 19713376 ER PT J AU Barton, HA AF Barton, H. A. TI Biological modeling as a method for data evaluation and integration in toxicology SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Forum Towards Evidence-Based Toxicology CY OCT 15-15, 2007 CL Como, ITALY C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD FEB-MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1177/0960327109105774 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 489IM UT WOS:000269413700019 PM 19713382 ER PT J AU Grabowsky, G Kahakui, DK Eckart, L AF Grabowsky, Gail Kahakui, Donna K. Eckart, Lani TI Service-Learning and Values-Based Discussions Enhance Science Education and Student Engagement SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Grabowsky, Gail; Kahakui, Donna K.; Eckart, Lani] Chaminade Univ, US EPA, Kai Makana NGO, Honolulu, HI USA. EM ggrabows@chaminade.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E66 EP E66 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800261 ER PT J AU Alexis, NE Zhou, H Lay, JC Devlin, R Kleeberger, S Peden, DB AF Alexis, N. E. Zhou, H. Lay, J. C. Devlin, R. Kleeberger, S. Peden, D. B. TI GSTM1(null) Has No Effect on the FEV1 Response to Acute Ozone Exposure but Significantly Affects the Proportion of Inflammatory Cells in the Airways of Allergic and Non Allergic Individuals SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Alexis, N. E.; Zhou, H.; Lay, J. C.; Peden, D. B.] Ctr Environm Med Asthma Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Alexis, N. E.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Devlin, R.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kleeberger, S.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 530 BP S139 EP S139 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.517 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301003 ER PT J AU Calatroni, A Arbes, SJ Gergen, PJ Mitchell, HE Zeldin, DC AF Calatroni, A. Arbes, S. J. Gergen, P. J. Mitchell, H. E. Zeldin, D. C. TI Classification of 19 Allergen-Specific IgE Antibodies Tested in NHANES 2005-2006 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Calatroni, A.; Arbes, S. J.; Mitchell, H. E.] Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gergen, P. J.] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zeldin, D. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 740 BP S193 EP S193 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.732 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301213 ER PT J AU Liu, AH Sicherer, SH Wood, RA Bock, SA Burks, AW Jaramillo, R Spruell, B Massing, M Zeldin, DC AF Liu, A. H. Sicherer, S. H. Wood, R. A. Bock, S. A. Burks, A. W. Jaramillo, R. Spruell, B. Massing, M. Zeldin, D. C. TI In the United States, Black Male Children have an Increased Risk of Food Allergy: Results from NHANES 2005-2006 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Liu, A. H.; Bock, S. A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Liu, A. H.; Bock, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Sicherer, S. H.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Jaffe Food Allergy Inst, New York, NY USA. [Wood, R. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Burks, A. W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Jaramillo, R.; Spruell, B.; Massing, M.] SRA Int Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Zeldin, D. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 1037 BP S267 EP S267 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1036 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301509 ER PT J AU Pucheu-Haston, CM Copeland, LB Vallanat, B Ward, MDW AF Pucheu-Haston, C. M. Copeland, L. B. Vallanat, B. Ward, M. D. W. TI Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Allergen Exposure: Screening for Sensitization Potential SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Copeland, L. B.; Vallanat, B.; Ward, M. D. W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pucheu-Haston, C. M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/D-8322-2015 OI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/0000-0003-1916-7188 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 1033 BP S266 EP S266 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1031 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301505 ER PT J AU Slager, RE Levan, TD Poole, JA Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA AF Slager, R. E. LeVan, T. D. Poole, J. A. Sandler, D. P. Hoppin, J. A. TI Occupational Risk Factors for Rhinitis Among Farmers in the Agricultural Health Study SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Slager, R. E.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. [LeVan, T. D.; Poole, J. A.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Sandler, D. P.; Hoppin, J. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 1031 BP S266 EP S266 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1029 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301503 ER PT J AU Visness, CM Daniels, JL Kaufman, JS Yeatts, KB London, SJ Siega-Riz, AM Calatroni, A Zeldin, DC AF Visness, C. M. Daniels, J. L. Kaufman, J. S. Yeatts, K. B. London, S. J. Siega-Riz, A. M. Calatroni, A. Zeldin, D. C. TI Childhood Obesity is Associated with Both Atopy and Current Asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Visness, C. M.; Calatroni, A.] Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Daniels, J. L.; Kaufman, J. S.; Yeatts, K. B.; Siega-Riz, A. M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [London, S. J.; Zeldin, D. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 264 BP S72 EP S72 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.246 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596300277 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Chung, Y Copeland, LB Pucheu-Haston, C Vesper, SJ AF Ward, M. D. W. Chung, Y. Copeland, L. B. Pucheu-Haston, C. Vesper, S. J. TI The Allergenic Potential of Molds Found in Water-Damaged Homes SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Ward, M. D. W.; Chung, Y.; Copeland, L. B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pucheu-Haston, C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Vesper, S. J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/D-8322-2015 OI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/0000-0003-1916-7188 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 357 BP S95 EP S95 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.341 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596300370 ER PT J AU Li, LP AF Li, Leping TI GADEM: A Genetic Algorithm Guided Formation of Spaced Dyads Coupled with an EM Algorithm for Motif Discovery SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ChIP; de novo motif discovery; expectation-maximization; genetic algorithm; k-mer; spaced dyad ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; FACTOR-BINDING-SITES; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; CHROMATIN-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; NONCODING SEQUENCES; MULTIPLE SEQUENCES; DNA; PATTERNS; IDENTIFICATION AB Genome-wide analyses of protein binding sites generate large amounts of data; a ChIP dataset might contain 10,000 sites. Unbiased motif discovery in such datasets is not generally feasible using current methods that employ probabilistic models. We propose an efficient method, GADEM, which combines spaced dyads and an expectation-maximization ( EM) algorithm. Candidate words (four to six nucleotides) for constructing spaced dyads are prioritized by their degree of overrepresentation in the input sequence data. Spaced dyads are converted into starting position weight matrices (PWMs). GADEM then employs a genetic algorithm (GA), with an embedded EM algorithm to improve starting PWMs, to guide the evolution of a population of spaced dyads toward one whose entropy scores are more statistically significant. Spaced dyads whose entropy scores reach a pre-specified significance threshold are declared motifs. GADEM performed comparably with MEME on 500 sets of simulated "ChIP" sequences with embedded known P53 binding sites. The major advantage of GADEM is its computational efficiency on large ChIP datasets compared to competitors. We applied GADEM to six genome-wide ChIP datasets. Approximately, 15 to 30 motifs of various lengths were identified in each dataset. Remarkably, without any prior motif information, the expected known motif ( e. g., P53 in P53 data) was identified every time. GADEM discovered motifs of various lengths (6-40 bp) and characteristics in these datasets containing from 0.5 to > 13 million nucleotides with run times of 5 to 96 h. GADEM can be viewed as an extension of the well-known MEME algorithm and is an efficient tool for de novo motif discovery in large-scale genome-wide data. The GADEM software is available at www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/software/GADEM/. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Li, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM li3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES101765- 05] FX We thank David Umbach and Grace Kissling for discussions and careful reading of the manuscript. We thank Clare Weinberg and Shyamal Peddada for discussions. We thank the reviewers for their thought provoking comments. We thank Robert Bass for creating the GADEM web site and the Computational Biology Facility at NIEHS for computing time. This research was supported by Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to L. L. ( ES101765- 05). NR 51 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1089/cmb.2008.16TT PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 403BS UT WOS:000263057400016 PM 19193149 ER PT J AU Schrock, M Dindal, A Billets, S AF Schrock, Mary Dindal, Amy Billets, Stephen TI Evaluation of alternative approaches for screening contaminated sediments and soils for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE EPA Method 1613B; PCDD/F; TEQ; Screening approaches ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; SAMPLES; COLUMN AB Traditional high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) can be time consuming and expensive. Consequently, alternative methods are of great interest to regulatory agencies and others characterizing contaminated sites. One factor that hinders acceptance of alternative methods is a lack of performance information that assesses the alternative method's impacts on analytical results. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Monitoring and Measurement Technologies Program (EPA SITE MMT) encourages the development and implementation of innovative and alternative monitoring methods by providing performance information oil site characterization technologies. This paper presents a comparison of the results obtained from laboratory-based alternative approaches for screening sediment and soil samples for dioxin toxicity equivalents (TEQ(D/F)) to results obtained using traditional HRMS. The laboratory-based approaches included modifying the traditional HRMS analysis to make it more cost-effective (alternate 1613B), analyzing extracts that had been prepared for HRMS using low resolution mass spectrometry, and determining total organic carbon (TOC) content as an indicator of PCDD/F content. These comparisons demonstrated that TEQ(D/F) values generated using toxicity equivalency factors proposed by the World Health Organization in 1998 applied to alternate 1613B and LRMS analyses have a strong linear correlation to the TEQ(D/F) values derived in the same fashion from traditional HRMS analysis. These results would have placed > 90% of the samples within the same concentration intervals using ranges of < 0.05, 0.05-0.50, 0.50-5, and > 5 ng TEQ/g. Natural log transformed data for TOC had significantly weaker correlation to TEQ(D/F), indicating that TOC is not a reliable indicator of TEQ(D/F) concentrations. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schrock, Mary; Dindal, Amy] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Billets, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Schrock, M (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM schrock@battelle.org; dindala@battelle.org; billets.stephen@epa.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2 BP 1289 EP 1295 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.011 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386PQ UT WOS:000261895500068 PM 18804321 ER PT J AU Georgopoulos, PG Sasso, AF Isukapalli, SS Lioy, PJ Vallero, DA Okino, M Reiter, L AF Georgopoulos, Panos G. Sasso, Alan F. Isukapalli, Sastry S. Lioy, Paul J. Vallero, Daniel A. Okino, Miles Reiter, Larry TI Reconstructing population exposures to environmental chemicals from biomarkers: Challenges and opportunities SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biomarker interpretation; biomonitoring; exposure biology; exposure reconstruction; inversion; PBTK ID STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; PROJECTION PURSUIT REGRESSION; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; ASSESSMENT SURVEY NHEXAS; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHOD; MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA; MONTE-CARLO ANALYSIS AB A conceptual/computational framework for exposure reconstruction from biomarker data combined with auxiliary exposure-related data is presented, evaluated with example applications, and examined in the context of future needs and opportunities. This framework employs physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling in conjunction with numerical "inversion'' techniques. To quantify the value of different types of exposure data "accompanying'' biomarker data, a study was conducted focusing on reconstructing exposures to chlorpyrifos, from measurements of its metabolite levels in urine. The study employed biomarker data as well as supporting exposure-related information from the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS), Maryland, while the MENTOR-3P system (Modeling ENvironment for TOtal Risk with Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic modeling for Populations) was used for PBTK modeling. Recently proposed, simple numerical reconstruction methods were applied in this study, in conjunction with PBTK models. Two types of reconstructions were studied using (a) just the available biomarker and supporting exposure data and (b) synthetic data developed via augmenting available observations. Reconstruction using only available data resulted in a wide range of variation in estimated exposures. Reconstruction using synthetic data facilitated evaluation of numerical inversion methods and characterization of the value of additional information, such as study-specific data that can be collected in conjunction with the biomarker data. Although the NHEXAS data set provides a significant amount of supporting exposure-related information, especially when compared to national studies such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this information is still not adequate for detailed reconstruction of exposures under several conditions, as demonstrated here. The analysis presented here provides a starting point for introducing improved designs for future biomonitoring studies, from the perspective of exposure reconstruction; identifies specific limitations in existing exposure reconstruction methods that can be applied to population biomarker data; and suggests potential approaches for addressing exposure reconstruction from such data. C1 [Georgopoulos, Panos G.; Sasso, Alan F.; Isukapalli, Sastry S.; Lioy, Paul J.] Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Joint Inst UMDNJ, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Georgopoulos, Panos G.; Sasso, Alan F.; Isukapalli, Sastry S.; Lioy, Paul J.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Vallero, Daniel A.; Reiter, Larry] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Okino, Miles] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Georgopoulos, PG (reprint author), Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Joint Inst UMDNJ, EOHSI, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM panosg@ccl.rutgers.edu RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); Office of Research and Development (ORD); Center for Exposure and Risk Modeling (CERM) [CR 83162501]; Environmental Bioinformatics and Computational Toxicology Center [ebCTC-GAD R 832721-010]; NIEHS [NIEHS P30ES005022] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under University Partnership Agreement CR 83162501 to the Center for Exposure and Risk Modeling (CERM) of the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute. The research and this manuscript have been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. USEPA has also supported this work through the Environmental Bioinformatics and Computational Toxicology Center (ebCTC-GAD R 832721-010). Additional support has been provided by the NIEHS sponsored UMDNJ Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Grant#: NIEHS P30ES005022. We acknowledge feedback and suggestions of numerous USEPA collaborators including C. Dary, R. Tornero-Velez, M. Morgan, M. Dellarco, F. Power, J. N. Blancato, and L. Sheldon. NR 179 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 149 EP 171 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.9 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 395CT UT WOS:000262500600002 PM 18368010 ER PT J AU Hubeny, J King, J Cantwell, M AF Hubeny, J. Bradford King, John W. Cantwell, Mark TI Anthropogenic influences on estuarine sedimentation and ecology: examples from the varved sediments of the Pettaquamscutt River Estuary, Rhode Island SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pettaquamscutt River Estuary; Eutrophication; Land use change; Natural background conditions; Varve ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FOSSIL PIGMENTS; COASTAL WATERS; NEW-ENGLAND; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROGEN; RECORD; BASIN AB Estuaries and lakes are undergoing anthropogenic alterations as development and industry intensify in the modern world. Assessing the ecological health of such water bodies is difficult because accurate accounts of pre-anthropogenic estuarine/lacustrine conditions do not exist. Sediments preserved in water bodies provide archives of environmental changes that can be used to understand both natural and anthropogenic forcings. Here, a high-resolution, multi-proxy approach is used to reconstruct environmental conditions of the Pettaquamscutt River Estuary, Rhode Island, over the last millennium. Two specific time periods reveal anthropogenic alterations to sediment supply and water-column productivity. First, European land clearance at the end of the seventeenth century caused two decades of increased sediment transport through the watershed and increased primary productivity in the water column. Turbidity increases associated with increased water column biomass likely limited green sulfur bacteria that reside below the oxycline. The second anthropogenic effect began in the 1950s with increased residential development in the watershed. Evidence of resulting cultural eutrophication is apparent in both stable nitrogen isotope values as well as in productivity proxies. This effect is likely related to residential development in the watershed and the use of septic systems to treat human waste. These results demonstrate that true base-line conditions of the estuary have not occurred for over three centuries, and that anthropogenic effects can last on the order of decades. The Pettaquamscutt River record serves as a model for using high-resolution sediment records to better understand anthropogenic forcing to natural estuarine/lacustrine systems. C1 [Hubeny, J. Bradford] Salem State Coll, Dept Geol Sci, Salem, MA 01970 USA. [Hubeny, J. Bradford; King, John W.; Cantwell, Mark] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cantwell, Mark] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Hubeny, J (reprint author), Salem State Coll, Dept Geol Sci, 352 Lafayette St, Salem, MA 01970 USA. EM bhubeny@salemstate.edu FU G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation; Salem State College Office of Academic Affairs FX The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation provided financial support for this project. We thank C. Gibson, D. Cares, and A. Santos for laboratory assistance, J. Boothroyd, J. Quinn, S. Rutherford, and K. Moran for helpful conversations, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved this contribution. JBH acknowledges support from the Salem State College Office of Academic Affairs through the RWI initiative. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 297 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s10933-008-9226-2 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397GS UT WOS:000262651500004 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, BA Kamykowski, D McKay, L Sinclair, G Milligan, E AF Schaeffer, Blake A. Kamykowski, Daniel McKay, Laurie Sinclair, Geoff Milligan, Edward TI LIPID CLASS, CAROTENOID, AND TOXIN DYNAMICS OF KARENIA BREVIS (DINOPHYCEAE) DURING DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; brevetoxins; dinoflagellate; epoxidation state; lipids ID DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; STEROL COMPOSITION; FATTY-ACIDS; GROWTH; ALGAE; BIOCHEMISTRY; SEPARATION; PATTERNS AB The internal lipid, carotenoid, and toxin concentrations of Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) Gert Hansen and Moestrup are influenced by its ability to use ambient light and nutrients for growth and reproduction. This study investigated changes in K. brevis toxicity, lipid class, and carotenoid concentrations in low-light, nitrate-replete (250 mu mol quanta . m(-2) . s(-1), 80 mu M NO(3)); high-light, nitrate-replete (960 mu mol quanta . m(-2) . s(-1), 80 mu M NO(3)); and high-light, nitrate-reduced (960 mu mol quanta . m(-2) . s(-1), < 5 mu M NO(3)) mesocosms. Reverse-phase HPLC quantified the epoxidation state (EPS) of the xanthophyll-cycle pigments diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin, and a Chromarod Iatroscan thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) system quantified changes in lipid class concentrations. EPS did not exceed 0.20 in the low-light mesocosm, but increased to 0.65 in the high-light mesocosms. Triacylglycerol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) were the largest lipid classes consisting of 9.3% to 48.7% and 37.3% to 69.7% of total lipid, respectively. Both lipid classes also experienced the greatest concentration changes in high-light experiments. K. brevis increased EPS and toxin concentrations while decreasing its lipid concentrations under high light. K. brevis may mobilize its toxins into the surrounding environment by reducing lipid concentrations, such as sterols, limiting competition, or toxins are released because lipids are decreased in high light, reducing any protective mechanism against their own toxins. C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. [Kamykowski, Daniel; McKay, Laurie; Sinclair, Geoff; Milligan, Edward] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. EM blakeschaeffer@gmail.com FU U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) [NA16OP1440]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [R-82937001] FX This paper is based on research that has been supported in part by the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ECOHAB program through grant NA16OP1440 and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program through grant R-82937001. G. Kirkpatrick at Mote Marine Laboratories provided HPLC equipment for pigment analysis. D. Shea in the Toxicology Department at North Carolina State University provided brevetoxin analysis. B. Showers in the Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Department at North Carolina State University provided La Chat nutrient analysis. Finally, we thank the reviewers for their critical comments. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00627.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 406ZN UT WOS:000263333500015 PM 27033654 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Ayala, A Black, KN Graze, RR Koupal, J Minassian, F Murray, HB Natarajan, M Tennant, CJ Lawson, DR AF Cadle, Steven H. Ayala, Alberto Black, Kevin N. Graze, R. Rob Koupal, John Minassian, Fred Murray, Hannah B. Natarajan, Man Tennant, Christopher J. Lawson, Douglas R. TI Real-World Vehicle Emissions: A Summary of the 18th Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) convened its 18th On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop March 31-April 2, 2008, with 104 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper we summarize the presentations from researchers whose efforts are improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed emission models and emissions inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles (with an emphasis in this workshop on particle emissions), effects of fuels on emissions, evaluation of in-use emission-control programs, and efforts to improve our capabilities in performing on-board emissions measurements, as well as topics for future research. C1 [Lawson, Douglas R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ayala, Alberto] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Black, Kevin N.] Fed Highway Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. [Graze, R. Rob] Caterpillar Inc, Mossville, IL USA. [Koupal, John] US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Minassian, Fred] S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. [Murray, Hannah B.] Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Natarajan, Man] Marathon Oil Co, Findlay, OH USA. [Tennant, Christopher J.] Coordinating Res Council, Alpharetta, GA USA. [Cadle, Steven H.] Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov FU CARB; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; SCAQMD; EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Office of Transportation and Air Quality FX The authors appreciate the efforts of CRC staff members Jane Beck, Pam Kennedy, and Jan Tucker, who made this workshop a success. In addition, we appreciate the sponsorship of CARB, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, SCAQMD, and the EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory and Office of Transportation and Air Quality. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.2.130 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406PM UT WOS:000263307400001 ER PT J AU Lavery, TF Rogers, CM Baumgardner, R Mishoe, KP AF Lavery, Thomas F. Rogers, Christopher M. Baumgardner, Ralph Mishoe, Kevin P. TI Intercomparison of Clean Air Status and Trends Network Nitrate and Nitric Acid Measurements with Data from Other Monitoring Programs SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FILTER PACK; DRY-DEPOSITION; SULFATE; DENUDER AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) utilizes an open-face filter pack system to measure concentrations of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen species. Concentration data for nitrogen species measured with filter pack systems sometimes deviate from data collected by other measurement systems used to measure the same species. The nature of these differences suggests that more than one sampling mechanism or atmospheric process is involved. The study presented here examines these differences by intercomparing CASTNET data with data from other studies, examining the results from earlier intercomparison studies, and conducting a field test to investigate the effect of particle size on filter pack measurement systems. Measurements of nitrogen species from the Maryland Aerosol Research and Characterization (MARCH) monitoring site were compared with nitrogen concentrations at three nearby CASTNET sites. Results indicate that CASTNET measured higher particulate nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and lower gaseous nitric acid (HNO(3)) concentrations. Comparisons of NO(3)(-) from 34 collocated CASTNET and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) sites show that CASTNET NO(3)(-) measurements were typically higher than the corresponding IMPROVE values. Also, results from the Lake Michigan Air Director's Consortium Midwest Ammonia Monitoring Project demonstrated NO(3)(-) dissociation on Teflon filters. To investigate the effect of particle size, filter pack measurement systems were operated at three CASTNET sites with and without cyclones during six 7-day measurement periods from March to August 2006. Results indicate the size-selection cyclones had a significant effect on both NO(3)(-) and HNO(3) concentrations, but little effect on sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) and ammonium (NH(4)(+)) levels. NO(3)(-) concentrations sampled with the open-face filters were significantly higher than concentrations measured with a 2.5-mu m cut point, as were HNO(3) concentrations. Although limited in spatial and temporal coverage, the field study showed that the use of an open-face filter pack may allow for the collection of coarse NO(3)(-) particles and for the reaction of HNO(3) with metals/salts on the Teflon filter. C1 [Baumgardner, Ralph] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lavery, Thomas F.] Kleinfelder Inc, Littleton, MA USA. [Rogers, Christopher M.] MACTEC Engn & Consulting Inc, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Mishoe, Kevin P.] MACTEC Engn & Consulting Inc, Newberry, FL USA. RP Baumgardner, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM baumgardner.ralph@epamail.epa.gov FU EPA through its ORD FX This research was funded by EPA through its ORD. This article was subjected to peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2 BP 214 EP 226 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.2.214 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406PM UT WOS:000263307400010 ER PT J AU Poynton, HC Vulpe, CD AF Poynton, Helen C. Vulpe, Chris D. TI ECOTOXICOGENOMICS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR EMERGING CONTAMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE toxicology; aquatic ecology; environmental indicators; DNA microarrays; ecotoxicogenomics; emerging contaminants ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL-EFFECT-LEVEL; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DNA MICROARRAY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CDNA MICROARRAY; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AB In recent years, new classes of aquatic pollutants have received attention from environmentalists, scientists, and regulators due to their introduction into the environment, unforeseen effects associated with the pollutants, or enhanced analytical techniques presently capable of detecting them. Many of these emerging contaminants are not well studied, making predictions regarding their toxicity to aquatic organisms or environmental fate difficult. Genomic technologies, including DNA microarrays, have been employed in many areas of biology to study disease states and the interaction of chemicals and nutrients with organisms. Here, we present the potential utility of DNA microarrays to address the challenges of emerging contaminants. DNA microarrays produce gene expression profiles creating an illustration of how a pollutant is acting within an exposed organism. Homology searches and online tools such as Gene Ontology can aid in the inferring a Mode of Toxicity, which may guide toxicity testing and risk characterization. Signature gene expression profiles offer the potential to uncover novel biomarkers of exposure and predict the presence of these contaminants in aquatic organisms. The No Observed Transcriptional Effect Level may play a role in determining if a predicted environmental concentration poses a risk to a sensitive species within an ecosystem. Additionally, DNA microarrays may add a complementary approach to Toxicity Identification Evaluations and help characterize causal agents in complex effluents. C1 [Poynton, Helen C.; Vulpe, Chris D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poynton, HC (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vulpe@berkeley.edu FU USEPA STAR fellowship [FP-91644201-0]; National Science Foundation [BES-0504603]; U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center [BAA053799] FX Special thanks to Dr. Henri Wintz for his thoughtful and insightful discussions, that contributed to this article. We would also like to thank the agencies that supported our research including the USEPA STAR fellowship program (FP-91644201-0), National Science Foundation (BES-0504603), and U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (BAA053799). NR 126 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00291.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 402QE UT WOS:000263027400009 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Shuster, WD AF Roy, Allison H. Shuster, William D. TI ASSESSING IMPERVIOUS SURFACE CONNECTIVITY AND APPLICATIONS FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE impervious surfaces; directly connected impervious area; disconnected impervious area; effective impervious area; stormwater management; watershed management; rivers/streams; urban areas ID STREAM; URBANIZATION; CATCHMENT; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF; MECHANISMS; AREA; FISH AB Although total impervious area (TIA) is often used as an indicator of urban disturbance, recent studies suggest that the subset of impervious surfaces that route stormwater runoff directly to streams via stormwater pipes, called directly connected impervious area (DCIA), may be a better predictor of stream ecosystem alteration. We evaluated the differences between TIA and DCIA in the Shepherd Creek catchment, a small (1.85-km(2)), suburban basin in Cincinnati, Ohio. Imperviousness determinations were calculated based on publicly available geographic information system (GIS) data and parcel-scale field assessments, and these direct assessments were compared to DCIA calculated from published, empirical relationships. Impervious and semi-impervious area comprised 13.1% of the catchment area, with 56.3% of the impervious area connected. When summarized by subcatchments (0.26-1.85 km(2)), TIA measured in the field (11-23%) was considerably higher than that calculated from the National Land Cover Data Imperviousness Layer (7-18%). In contrast, TIA calculated based on aerial photos was similar to TIA calculated from field assessments, thus indicating that photo interpretation may be adequate for catchment-scale (>25 ha) TIA determinations. While these GIS data sources can be used to calculate TIA, on-site assessments were necessary to accurately determine DCIA within residential parcels. There was a wide variation in percent connectivity across parcels, and, subsequently, DCIA was not accurately predicted from empirical relationships with TIA. We discuss applications of DCIA data that highlight the importance of parcel-scale field assessments for managing suburban watersheds. C1 [Roy, Allison H.; Shuster, William D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); EPA [EP-C-05-059] FX We thank Karsten Head and Daniel Kowalski for compiling and printing field assessment forms, and assisting in conducting field assessments during their internships at the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in summer 2005. Andrew Swift from CAGIS supplied impervious surface cover outlines that they created from aerial photographs. Eastern Research Group conducted the GIS data entry under EPA Contract Number EP-C-05-059 (Task Order 9). This manuscript was improved by comments from Tim Carter and three anonymous reviewers. AHR was a postdoctoral associate with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education during project planning and initial field assessment phases. The views expressed herein are strictly the opinions of the authors and in no manner represent or reflect current or planned policy by the USEPA. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00271.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 402QE UT WOS:000263027400017 ER PT J AU Vines, AI Baird, DD AF Vines, Anissa I. Baird, Donna D. TI Stress of Caring for Children: The Role of Perceived Racism SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE race/ethnicity; racism; children/adolescents ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MENTAL-HEALTH; DISCRIMINATION; WOMEN; RACE; SOCIALIZATION; EXPERIENCES AB Purpose: Regardless of race, most mothers experience stress related to concerns about their children. African American mothers may experience the additional stress of their child(ren) experiencing racism. We describe the stress that African American women have about their children experiencing racism. Methods: The Telephone-Ad ministered Perceived Racism Scale (TPRS) was administered to 476 African American women ages 36 to 53 who were members of a prepaid health plan. The 8-item Concern for Children scale, I of the 5 TPRS scales, was completed by 382 women and assessed the level of concern women have about their children experiencing racism. The responses ranged from "not at all concerned" to "very concerned." Results: For 6 of the 8 items, more than 60% reported being "very concerned" for their children. Items of highest concern involved institutionalized racism with more than 70% reported being very concerned about their children being harmed or harassed by the police or getting stopped in a predominantly white neighborhood. Respondents were less concerned about their children being considered less attractive than their white counterparts and/or being excluded from social events, activities, or groups. Level of concern was not related to income or education. Unsurprisingly, respondents who reported high levels of perceived racism also reported greater concern for their child(ren). Conclusions: These findings highlight an additional stressor related to childrearing in a "race-conscious" society. Future research on stress and African American women's health should include this additional stressor. C1 [Vines, Anissa I.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Vines, Anissa I.] Ethn Culture & Hlth Outcomes ECHO Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Baird, Donna D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Vines, AI (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 266 Rosenau Hall,CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM avines@email.unc.edu RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU University of North Carolina; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health Office of the Director; Office of Research on Women's Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); National Institute of Mental Health [1-RO3-MH61057] FX The final preparation of this article was supported in part by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill K 12 Building Interdisciplinary Careers in Women's Health Research program funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director, Office of Research on Women's Health and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The conceptualization of the study, data collection, and analyses for this project were supported by the Intramural Research Training Program at the NIEHS and by the National Institute of Mental Health (grant 1-RO3-MH61057 to A.I.V.). NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 425XW UT WOS:000264672300010 PM 19378633 ER PT J AU Palmer, MB Majumder, P Cooper, JC Yoon, H Wade, PA Boss, JM AF Palmer, Matthew B. Majumder, Parimal Cooper, John C. Yoon, Hyesuk Wade, Paul A. Boss, Jeremy M. TI Yin Yang 1 Regulates the Expression of Snail through a Distal Enhancer SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITIONS; E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MELANOMA-CELLS; UP-REGULATION; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; BREAST-CARCINOMA; YY1; GENE AB Expression of the Snail gene is required for the epithelial-mesenchymal transitions that accompany mammalian gastrulation, neural crest migration, and organ formation. Pathologic expression of Snail contributes to the migratory capacity of invasive tumors, Including melanomas. To investigate the mechanism of Snail up-regulation In human melanoma cells, a conserved enhancer located 3' of the Snail gene was analyzed. An overlapping Ets and yin yang 1 (YY1) consensus sequence, In addition to a SOX consensus sequence, was required for full enhancer activity. Proteins specifically binding these sequences were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The Ets/YY1 binding activity was purified by DNA-affinity chromatography and identified as YY1. Although ubiquitously expressed, YY1 was bound at the Snail 3' enhancer in vivo In Snail-expressing cells but not In cells that did not express Snail. Knockdown of YY1 in A375 cells led to decreased Snail expression. These results identify a role for YY1 in regulating transcription of Snail In melanoma cells through binding to the Snag 3' enhancer. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(2):221-9) C1 [Palmer, Matthew B.; Majumder, Parimal; Cooper, John C.; Yoon, Hyesuk; Boss, Jeremy M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Boss, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM boss@microbio.emory.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; NIH [Z01ES101965]; NIDDK [DK065961] FX Grant support: Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH grant Z01ES101965 (RA. Wade) and NIDDK grant DK065961 (J.M. Bass). NR 48 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 7 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0229 PG 9 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 410MG UT WOS:000263580800007 PM 19208738 ER PT J AU Pinto, J AF Pinto, Joseph TI ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY Wyoming winter smog SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID GREENLAND; SUMMIT C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pinto, J (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pinto.joseph@epa.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1038/ngeo430 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 408TN UT WOS:000263458000004 ER PT J AU Raevsky, OA Grigor'ev, VY Dearden, JC Weber, EE AF Raevsky, Oleg A. Grigor'ev, Veniainin Yu. Dearden, John C. Weber, Eric E. TI Classification and Quantification of the Toxicity of Chemicals to Guppy, Fathead Minnow, and Rainbow Trout. Part 2. Polar Narcosis Mode of Action SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HYBOT; MOLDIVS; Polar narcosis; Toxicity ID ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; DESCRIPTORS; SIMILARITY; MECHANISMS; DIFFERENCE; NONPOLAR AB This paper is devoted to the classification of chemicals with polar narcosis Mode of Action (MOA) to guppy, fathead minnow and rainbow trout, and to creation of QSARs for toxicity prediction of such chemicals on the basis of physicochemical descriptors calculated by the HYBOT program. More than 85% of all chemicals were correctly classified (polar narcosis/other MOA, polar narcosis/baseline toxicity (nonpolar narcosis), polar narcosis + baseline toxicity/other MOA) on the basis of structural similarity. Regression equations with good statistical criteria using HYBOT physicochemical descriptors were obtained for the toxicity of chemicals with polar narcosis MOA. Comparison of those equations with the equations for baseline toxicity permitted estimation of the essential contribution of baseline toxicity to the toxicity of all chemicals with polar narcosis MOA. The ratio of polar and nonpolar contributions depends oil hydrophobity. Such behavior can be related to the increased opportunity of a hydrophobic chemical to move in all directions in the hydrocarbon-like interior of the membrane. C1 [Raevsky, Oleg A.; Grigor'ev, Veniainin Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physiol Act Cpds, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. [Dearden, John C.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L33AF, Merseyside, England. [Weber, Eric E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Raevsky, OA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physiol Act Cpds, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. EM raevsky@ipac.ac.ru FU International Science and Technology Centre [888, 3777] FX This investigation was supported by the International Science and Technology Centre (projects no. 888 and 3777). NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1002/qsar.200860016 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 410OR UT WOS:000263587800002 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ AF Thomas, David J. TI Unraveling Arsenic-EFGlutathione Connections SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLUTATHIONE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; CYT19 C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div,Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div,Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, MD B143-1,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 309 EP 311 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn257 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 398HK UT WOS:000262723000002 PM 19074764 ER PT J AU Lou, IC Wambaugh, JF Lau, C Hanson, RG Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ Zehr, RD Setzer, RW Barton, HA AF Lou, Inchio Wambaugh, John F. Lau, Christopher Hanson, Roger G. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. Zehr, R. Dan Setzer, R. Woodrow Barton, Hugh A. TI Modeling Single and Repeated Dose Pharmacokinetics of PFOA in Mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); compartment model; resorption model; pharmacokinetic parameters; statistical analysis; CD1 mice AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) displays complicated pharmacokinetics in that serum concentrations indicate long half-lives despite which steady state appears to be achieved rapidly. In this study, serum and tissue concentration time-courses were obtained for male and female CD1 mice after single, oral doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg of PFOA. When using one-and two-compartment models, the pharmacokinetics for these two dosages are not consistent with serum time-course data from female CD1 mice administered 60 mg/kg, or with serum concentrations following repeated daily doses of 20 mg/kg PFOA. Some consistency between dose regimens could be achieved using the saturable resorption model of Andersen et al. In this model PFOA is cleared from the serum into a filtrate compartment from which it is either excreted or resorbed into the serum by a process presumed transporter mediated with a Michaelis-Menten form. Maximum likelihood estimation found a transport maximum of T-m = 860.9 (1298.3) mg/l/h and half-maximum concentration of K-T = 0.0015 (0.0022) mg/l where the estimated standard errors (in parentheses) indicated large uncertainty. The estimated rate of flow into and out of the filtrate compartment, 0.6830 (1.0131) l/h was too large to be consistent with a biological interpretation. For these model parameters a single dose greater than 40 mg/kg, or a daily dose in excess of 5 mg/kg were necessary to observe nonlinear pharmacokinetics for PFOA in female CD1 mice. These data and modeling analyses more fully characterize PFOA in mice for purposes of estimating internal exposure for use in risk assessment. C1 [Lou, Inchio; Wambaugh, John F.; Setzer, R. Woodrow; Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lau, Christopher; Hanson, Roger G.; Zehr, R. Dan] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X; Setzer, Rhyne/0000-0002-6709-9186 FU National Toxicology Program at the National Institute for Environmental Health Science [RW-75-92207501] FX Interagency Agreement (RW-75-92207501) with the National Toxicology Program at the National Institute for Environmental Health Science was a source of partial funding. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn234 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V32OU UT WOS:000208961300001 PM 19005225 ER PT J AU Kaczmarek, M Cachau, RE Topol, IA Kasprzak, KS Ghio, A Salnikow, K AF Kaczmarek, Monika Cachau, Raul E. Topol, Igor A. Kasprzak, Kazimierz S. Ghio, Andy Salnikow, Konstantin TI Metal Ions-Stimulated Iron Oxidation in Hydroxylases Facilitates Stabilization of HIF-1 alpha Protein SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR; PROLYL 4-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; SOLUBLE TRANSITION-METALS; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; L-ASCORBIC-ACID; OIL FLY-ASH; PROLINE HYDROXYLATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; A549 CELLS; HIF-ALPHA AB The exposure of cells to several metal ions stabilizes HIF-1 alpha protein. However, the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. They may involve inhibition of hydroxylation by either substitution of iron by metal ions or by iron oxidation in the hydroxylases. Here we provide evidence supporting the latter mechanism. We show that HIF-1 alpha stabilization in human lung epithelial cells occurred following exposure to various metal and metalloid ions, including those that cannot substitute for iron in the hydroxylases. In each case addition of the reducing agent ascorbic acid (AA)* abolished HIF-1 alpha protein stabilization. To better understand the role of iron oxidation in hydroxylase inhibition and to define the role of AA in the enzyme recovery we applied molecular modeling techniques. Our results indicate that the energy required for iron substitution by Ni(II) in the enzyme is high and unlikely to be achieved in a biological system. Additionally, computer modeling allowed us to identify a tridentate coordination of AA with the enzyme-bound iron, which explains the specific demand for AA as the iron reductant. Thus, the stabilization of HIF-1 alpha by numerous metal ions that cannot substitute for iron in the enzyme, the alleviation of this effect by AA, and our computer modeling data support the hypothesis of iron oxidation in the hydroxylases following exposure to metal ions. C1 [Kaczmarek, Monika; Kasprzak, Kazimierz S.; Salnikow, Konstantin] NCI, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Cachau, Raul E.; Topol, Igor A.] NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, Adv Technol Program, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Ghio, Andy] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Salnikow, K (reprint author), NCI, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Bldg 538,Room 205 E, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM salnikok@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Cancer Institute; Center for Cancer Research; National Institutes of Health [N01-CO-12400] FX Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract no. (N01-CO-12400). NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn251 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 398HK UT WOS:000262723000010 PM 19074761 ER PT J AU Stevens, T Cho, SH Linak, WP Gilmour, MI AF Stevens, Tina Cho, Seung-Hyun Linak, William P. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Differential Potentiation of Allergic Lung Disease in Mice Exposed to Chemically Distinct Diesel Samples SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC IGE PRODUCTION; OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; BROWN-NORWAY RATS; EXHAUST PARTICLES; ADJUVANT ACTIVITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CARBON-BLACK; RESPIRATORY ALLERGY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CLIMATIC CHANGES AB Numerous studies have demonstrated that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) potentiate allergic immune responses, however the chemical components associated with this effect, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study characterized the composition of three chemically distinct DEP samples (N, C, and A-DEP), and compared post-sensitization and post-challenge inflammatory allergic phenotypes in BALB/c mice. Mice were instilled intranasally with saline or 150 mu g of N-DEP, A-DEP, or C-DEP with or without 20 mu g of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0 and 13, and were subsequently challenged with 20 mu g of OVA on days 23, 26, and 29. Mice were necropsied 18 h post-sensitization and 18 and 48 h post-challenge. N-DEP, A-DEP, and C-DEP contained 1.5, 68.6, and 18.9% extractable organic material (EOM) and 47, 431, and 522 mu g of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively. The post-challenge results showed that DEP given with OVA induced a gradation of adjuvancy as follows: C-DEP approximate to A-DEP > N-DEP. The C- and A-DEP/OVA exposure groups had significant increases in eosinophils, OVA-specific IgG1, and airway hyperresponsiveness. In addition, the C-DEP/OVA exposure increased the T helper 2 (T(H)2) chemoattractant chemokine, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and exhibited the most severe perivascular inflammation in the lung, whereas A-DEP/OVA increased interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10. In contrast, N-DEP/OVA exposure only increased OVA-specific IgG1 post-challenge. Analysis of early signaling showed that C-DEP induced a greater number of T(H)2 cytokines compared with A-DEP and N-DEP. The results suggest that potentiation of allergic immune responses by DEP is associated with PAH content rather than the total amount of EOM. C1 [Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stevens, Tina] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov FU EPA-UNC Curriculum in Toxicology Training agreement [T829472] FX EPA-UNC Curriculum in Toxicology Training agreement (# T829472). NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 522 EP 534 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn248 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 398HK UT WOS:000262723000022 PM 19074765 ER PT J AU Vancza, EM Galdanes, K Gunnison, A Hatch, G Gordon, T AF Vancza, Elizabeth M. Galdanes, Karen Gunnison, Al Hatch, Gary Gordon, Terry TI Age, Strain, and Gender as Factors for Increased Sensitivity of the Mouse Lung to Inhaled Ozone SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; RATS; MICE; INFLAMMATION; HYPEROXIA; RESPONSES; INJURY AB Ozone (O(3)) is a respiratory irritant that leads to airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. Animal studies show that neonates are more sensitive to O(3) inhalation than adults, and children represent a potentially susceptible population. This latter notion is not well established, and biological mechanisms underlying a predisposition to pollution-induced pulmonary effects are unknown. We examined age and strain as interactive factors affecting differential pulmonary responses to inhaled O(3). Male and female adult mice (15 weeks old) and neonates (15-16 days old) from eight genetically diverse inbred strains were exposed to 0.8 ppm O(3) for 5 h. Pulmonary injury and lung inflammation were quantified as total protein concentration and total polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) number in lavage fluid recovered 24-h postexposure. Dose-response and time-course curves were generated using SJL/J pups, and (18)O lung burden dose was assessed in additional mice. Interstrain differences in response to O(3) were seen in neonatal mice: Balb/cJ and SJL/J being most sensitive and A/J and 129x1/SvJ most resistant. The PMN response to O(3) was greater in neonates than in adults, specifically for SJL/J and C3H/HeJ strains, independent of dose. Small gender differences were also observed in adult mice. Variation in protein concentrations and PMN counts between adults and pups were strain dependent, suggesting that genetic determinants do play a role in age-related sensitivity to O(3). Further research will help to determine what genetic factors contribute to these heightened responses, and to quantify the relative contribution of genes vs. environment in O(3)-induced health effects. C1 [Vancza, Elizabeth M.; Galdanes, Karen; Gunnison, Al; Gordon, Terry] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Hatch, Gary] US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, T (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM terry.gordon@nyumc.org FU Environmental Protection Agency Ozone Grant [R830755]; Science To Achieve Results ( STAR) Graduate Fellowship Grant [FP916537]; New York University's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center Grant [ES00260] FX Environmental Protection Agency Ozone Grant (R830755); Science To Achieve Results ( STAR) Graduate Fellowship Grant (FP916537) to E.V.; and New York University's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center Grant (ES00260). NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn253 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 398HK UT WOS:000262723000023 PM 19066396 ER PT J AU Nadadur, SS Haykal-Coates, N Mudipalli, A Costa, DL AF Nadadur, Srikanth S. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Mudipalli, Anuradha Costa, Daniel L. TI Endothelial effects of emission source particles: Acute toxic response gene expression profiles SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE Endothelial; Particulate matter; Vascular effects ID OIL FLY-ASH; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; TRANSITION-METALS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; DIESEL EXHAUST; LUNG INJURY; MATTER AB Air pollution epidemiology has established a strong association between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular outcomes. Experimental studies in both humans and laboratory animals Support varied biological mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction as potentially a central step to the elicitation of cardiovascular events. We therefore hypothesized that relevant early molecular alterations on endothelial cells should be assessable in vitro upon acute exposure to PM components previously shown to be involved in health outcomes. Using a model emission PM, residual oil fly ash and one of its predominant constituents (vanadium-V), we focused oil the development of gene expression profiles to fingerprint that particle and its constituents to explore potential biomarkers for PM-induced endothelial dysfunction. Here we present differential gene expression and transcription factor activation Profiles in human vascular endothelial cells exposed to a non-cytotoxic dose of fly ash or V following semi-global gene expression profiling of similar to 8000 genes. Both fly ash and it's prime constituent, V, induced alterations in genes involved in passive and active transport of solutes across the membrane; voltage-dependent ion pumps: induction of extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules: and activation of numerous kinases involved in signal transduction pathways. These preliminary data suggest that cardiovascular effects associated with exposure to PM may be mediated by perturbations in endothelial cell permeability, membrane integrity; and ultimately endothelial dysfunction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nadadur, Srikanth S.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Pulm Toxicol Branch,Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mudipalli, Anuradha] US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nadadur, SS (reprint author), NIEHS, Cellular & Organ Syst Pathobiol Branch, Div Extramural Res & Training, POB 12233,MD EC 23, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Nadadurs@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 53 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.10.004 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 402LS UT WOS:000263015800009 PM 19000753 ER PT J AU Cardoso, AJ Levine, AD AF Cardoso, Antonio J. Levine, Audrey D. TI Batch tests on mineral deposit formation due to co-mingling of leachates derived from municipal solid wastes and waste-to-energy combustion residues SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium CY OCT 22-24, 2008 CL Sapporo, JAPAN ID LANDFILL-LEACHATE; COLLECTION SYSTEMS AB Deposit formation in leachate collection systems can be problematic for landfill operations. Deposits from municipal solid waste (MSW) derived leachates are impacted by microbial activity and biofilm development, whereas leachates generated from co-disposal of MSW with combustion residues (CR) from waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities and other mineral-rich waste materials are more prone to forming dense mineral deposits dominated by calcium carbonate. In this study, leachates from laboratory lysimeters containing either WTE-CR or shredded MSW were mixed at different volumetric ratios. The mixed leachates were incubated for 5 weeks in batch tests to evaluate the potential for formation of precipitates. Although mineral precipitates have been reported to form in landfills with no co-disposal practices, in this study mineral precipitates did not form in either the WTE-CR derived leachate or the MSW derived leachate. but formed in all leachate mixtures. Mineral precipitates consisted of calcium carbonate particles, with the highest yield from a 1:1 combination of the WTE-CR derived leachate mixed with the MSW derived leachate. The introduction of gaseous carbon dioxide or air into WTE-CR derived leachate resulted in the production of particles of similar chemical composition but different morphology. Operation of landfills to prevent co-mingling of mineral-rich leachates with microbially active leachates and/or to control leachate exposure to sources of carbon dioxide may help to prevent this type of precipitate formation in leachate collection systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cardoso, Antonio J.] ARCADIS US Inc, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. [Levine, Audrey D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cardoso, AJ (reprint author), ARCADIS US Inc, 14055 Riveredge Dr,Suite 400, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. EM Antonio.Cardoso@arcadis-us.com; Levine.Audrey@epa.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 820 EP 828 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.05.009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386SB UT WOS:000261901800045 PM 18682320 ER PT J AU Kamel, A Byrne, C Vigo, C Ferrario, J Stafford, C Verdin, G Siegelman, F Knizner, S Hetrick, J AF Kamel, Alaa Byrne, Christian Vigo, Craig Ferrario, Joseph Stafford, Charles Verdin, Gregory Siegelman, Frederic Knizner, Steven Hetrick, James TI Oxidation of selected organophosphate pesticides during chlorination of simulated drinking water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Organophosphate pesticides; Water chlorination; Oxidation products; Oxons; Sulfone oxons; Sulfoxide oxons ID TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORPYRIFOS; DEGRADATION; OXON AB Ten organophosphate (OP) pesticides: phorate, disulfoton, terbufos, methidathion, bensulide, chlorethoxyfos, phosmet, methyl parathion, phostebupirim, and temephos were evaluated for their potential to undergo oxidation to their respective oxons and/or other oxidation analogues in laboratory water. Samples were collected at time intervals up to 72 h of chlorination and analyzed by both gas chromatography-mass selective detection (GC-MSD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that methidathion and methyl parathion were stable in unchlorinated water, while all other OP pesticides were not stable over the 72 h exposure period. In chlorinated water, phorate and disulfoton formed stable sulfone oxons. Temephos formed stable dioxon sulfoxide and dioxon sulfone. Methidathion, bensulide, chlorethyoxyfos, methyl parathion, and phostebupirim formed stable oxons over the 72 IT exposure period. Terbufos, phorate, disulfoton and temephos oxon sulfoxides; temephos sulfoxide; and phosmet oxon were initially formed but were not detected after 24 h. The data illustrate that organothiophosphate pesticides may form oxons and/or other oxidation analogues during chlorination in water treatment plants, which are persistent for at least 72 h. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kamel, Alaa; Stafford, Charles; Verdin, Gregory; Siegelman, Frederic] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Byrne, Christian; Vigo, Craig; Ferrario, Joseph] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Environm Chem Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Knizner, Steven] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Hetrick, James] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Kamel, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Lab, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM kamel.alaa@epa.gov NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 522 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.038 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 410RJ UT WOS:000263595500030 PM 19027135 ER PT J AU Davies, CM Roser, DJ Feitz, AJ Ashbolt, NJ AF Davies, C. M. Roser, D. J. Feitz, A. J. Ashbolt, N. J. TI Solar radiation disinfection of drinking water at temperate latitudes: Inactivation rates for an optimised reactor configuration SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solar irradiation; Pathogens; Drinking water; Titanium dioxide; Disinfection ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; ADVANCED POND SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; RIVER WATER; SURVIVAL; BACTERIOPHAGES AB Solar radiation-driven inactivation of bacteria, virus and protozoan pathogen models was quantified in simulated drinking water at a temperate latitude (34 degrees S). The water was seeded with Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium sporogenes spores, and P22 bacteriophage, each at ca 1 x 10(5) m L (1), and exposed to natural sunlight in 30-L reaction vessels. Water temperature ranged from 17 to 39 degrees C during the experiments lasting up to 6 h, Dark controls showed little inactivation and so it was concluded that the inactivation observed was primarily driven by non-thermal processes. The optimised reactor design achieved S(90) values (cumulative exposure required for 90% reduction) for the test microorganisms in the range 0.63-1.82 MJ m (2) of Global Solar Exposure (GSX) without the need for TiO(2) as a catalyst. High turbidity (840-920 NTU) only reduced the S(90) value by < 40%. Further, when all S90 means were compared this decrease was not statistically significant (prob. > 0.05). However, inactivation was significantly reduced for E. faecalis and P22 when the transmittance of UV wavelengths was attenuated by water with high colour (140 PtCo units) or a suboptimally transparent reactor lid (prob. < 0.05). S(90) values were consistent with those measured by other researchers (ca 1-10 MJ m (9)) for a range of waters and microorganisms. Although temperatures required for SODIS type pasteurization were not produced, non-thermal inactivation alone appeared to offer a viable means for reliably disinfecting low colour source waters by greater than 4 orders of magnitude on sunny days at 34 degrees S latitude. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davies, C. M.] Ctr Res Environm & Hlth CREH, Leeds LS18 4RF, W Yorkshire, England. [Davies, C. M.; Roser, D. J.; Feitz, A. J.; Ashbolt, N. J.] Univ New S Wales, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Water & Waste Technol, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. [Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Davies, CM (reprint author), Ctr Res Environm & Hlth CREH, Hoyland House,50 Back Lane, Leeds LS18 4RF, W Yorkshire, England. EM cheryl@crehleeds.demon.co.uk; djroser@unsw.edu.au; andrew.feitz@gmail.com; ashbolt.nick@epamail.epa.gov RI Feitz, Andrew/F-4068-2012 OI Feitz, Andrew/0000-0002-8041-9535 NR 58 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 411OK UT WOS:000263658700009 PM 19041999 ER PT J AU Rastogi, A Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Rastogi, Aditya Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Effect of inorganic, synthetic and naturally occurring chelating agents on Fe(II) mediated advanced oxidation of chlorophenols SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AOPs; Advanced oxidation processes; Pyrophosphate; EDDS; Citrate; Sulfate radicals ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; FENTON REACTION; FERROUS ION; DEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; KINETICS; EDTA; PYROPHOSPHATE AB This study examines the feasibility and application of Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOTs) for the treatment of chlorophenols that are included in US EPA priority pollutant list. A novel class of sulfate/hydroxyl radical-based homogeneous AOTs (Fe(II)/PS, Fe(II)/PMS, Fe(II)/H2O2) was successfully tested for the degradation of series of chlorophenols (4-CP, 2,4-CP, 2,4,6-CP, 2,3,4,5-CP). The major objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three representative chelating agents (citrate, ethylenediaminedisuccinate (EDDS), and pyrophosphate) on Fe(II)-mediated activation of three common peroxide (peroxymonosulfate (PMS), persulfate (PS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) at neutral pH conditions. Short term (4 h) and long term (7 days) experiments were conducted to evaluate the kinetics and longevity of different oxidative systems for 4-chlorophenol degradation. Results showed that each of the iron-chelating agent couple was superior in activating a particular oxidant and consequently for 4-CP degradation. In case of Fe(II)/PMS system, the inorganic chelating agent pyrophosphate showed effective activation of PMS whereas very fast dissociation of PMS was recorded in the case of EDDS without any apparent 4-CP degradation. In Fe(II)/H2O2 system, EDDS was proven to be the most effective whereas pyrophosphate showed negligible activation of H2O2. Fe(II)/Citrate system showed moderate activation of all three oxidants. PMS was found to be the most universal oxidant, which was activated by all three iron-chelating agent systems and Fe(II)/Citrate was the most universal chelating agent system, which was able to activate all three oxidants to a certain extent. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rastogi, Aditya; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) of the U.S. EPA [EP-C-05-056]; Ohio State University Research Foundation (OSURF) [2005OH26B] FX This research has been supported by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) of the U.S. EPA under contract No. EP-C-05-056, DuPont through a Young Professor award to D. D. Dionysiou and the Ohio State University Research Foundation (OSURF) through a research grant (2005OH26B). This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the research results presented herein do not, necessarily, reflect the views of the Agency or its policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 31 TC 125 Z9 132 U1 16 U2 128 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 684 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.045 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 411OK UT WOS:000263658700014 PM 19038413 ER PT J AU Hough, P Robertson, M AF Hough, Palmer Robertson, Morgan TI Mitigation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act: where it comes from, what it means SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetland mitigation; Compensation; Wetland policy; Clean Water Act; Wetland banking; 404 Permit program ID STATES AB The requirement to mitigate impacts to wetlands and streams is a frequently misunderstood policy with a long and complicated history. We narrate the history of mitigation since the inception of the Clean Water Act Section 404 permit program in 1972, through struggles between the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Army Corps of Engineers, through the emerging importance of wetland conservation on the American political landscape, and through the rise of market-based approaches to environmental policy. Mitigation, as it is understood today, was not initially foreseen as a component of the Section 404 permitting program, but was adapted from 1978 regulations issued by the Council on Environmental Quality as a way of replacing the functions of filled wetlands where permit denials were unlikely. EPA and the Corps agreed in 1990 to define mitigation as the three steps of avoidance, minimization, and compensation, principles which must be applied to permit decisions in the form of the environmental criteria in EPA's 404(b)(1) Guidelines. Through the 1980s and 1990s, the compensation component of mitigation has become nearly the sole focus of mitigation policy development, and has been the subject of numerous guidance documents and memoranda since 1990. Avoidance and minimization have received far less policy attention, and this lack of policy development may represent a missed opportunity to implement effective wetland conservation. C1 [Robertson, Morgan] Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Hough, Palmer] US EPA, Off Water, Wetlands Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Robertson, M (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, 1457 Patterson Off Tower, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM mmrobertson@uky.edu FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The authors gratefully recognize the invaluable guidance and contributions of Bill Kruczynski of EPA Region 4, Matt Schweisberg of EPA Region 1, David Olson of Corps Regulatory Headquarters, former EPA HQ Wetlands Division Directors Dave Davis and John Meaghar, and former EPA HQ Wetlands Regulatory Branch Chief John Goodin. This research was conducted in part with assistance from a fellowship from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 69 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 15 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s11273-008-9093-7 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 442QT UT WOS:000265856400003 ER PT J AU Olmstead, AW Kosian, PA Korte, JJ Holcombe, GW Woodis, KK Degitz, SJ AF Olmstead, Allen W. Kosian, Patricia A. Korte, Joseph J. Holcombe, Gary W. Woodis, Kacie K. Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Sex reversal of the amphibian, Xenopus tropicalis, following larval exposure to an aromatase inhibitor SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Endocrine disruption; Xenopus; Sexual differentiation; Aromatase ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; GONADAL DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; HORMONAL REVERSAL; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MESSENGER-RNA; RANA-RUGOSA; REFUSE DUMP AB Aromatase is a steroidogenic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in vertebrates. Modulation of this enzyme's activity by xenobiotic exposure has been shown to adversely affect gonad differentiation in a number of diverse species. We hypothesized that exposure to the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, during the larval development of the tropical clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, would result in masculinization of the developing female gonad. Tadpoles were exposed to fadrozole at nominal concentrations from 1 to 64 mu g/L in a flow-through system from <24 h post-fertilization (Nieuwkoop Faber (NF) stage 15-20) to metamorphosis (NF stage 66). At metamorphosis, morphologically examined gonads indicated complete masculinization of all tadpoles at concentrations of 16 mu g/L, and above and a significant bias in sex ratio towards males at concentrations of 1 mu g/L. and above. No effects on time to metamorphosis, body mass, or body length were observed. A random subsample of frogs was raised to reproductive maturity (39 weeks post-fertilization) in control water. All frogs exposed as tadpoles to 16 mu g/L fadrozole or greater possessed testes at sexual maturity. Intersexed gonads characterized by the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissue were observed in 12% of frogs in the 4 mu g/L, treatment. No differences in estradiol, testosterone, or vitellogenin plasma concentrations were observed in exposed males or females compared to controls. Females in the 4 mu g/L treatment possessed a significantly greater percentage of pre-vitellogenic oocytes than controls and were significantly smaller in body mass. No differences in sperm counts were observed in exposed males compared to controls. Results from this study demonstrate that larval exposure to an aromatase inhibitor can result in the complete masculinization of female gonads. These masculinized females are phenotypically indistinguishable from normal males at adulthood. Lower levels of aromatase inhibition resulted in intersexed gonads and possible female reproductive impairment at adulthood. These results indicate that exposure of amphibians to xenobiotics capable of inhibiting aromatase would result in adverse reproductive consequences. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Olmstead, Allen W.; Kosian, Patricia A.; Korte, Joseph J.; Holcombe, Gary W.; Woodis, Kacie K.; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Degitz, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN USA. EM degitz.sigmund@epa.gov NR 58 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.07.018 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 408RM UT WOS:000263452500007 PM 18804292 ER PT J AU White, EM Morzillo, AT Alig, RJ AF White, Eric M. Morzillo, Anita T. Alig, Ralph J. TI Past and projected rural land conversion in the US at state, regional, and national levels SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Land use; Urbanization; Modeling; Projections; Resources Planning Act ID RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; POPULATION-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POLICY IMPLICATIONS; COMPARING STATES; OPEN SPACE; FOREST; URBANIZATION; MANAGEMENT AB The developed land area of the US increased by 14.2 million hectares between 1982 and 2003. Along with a projected US population increase to more than 360 million individuals by 2030 is an expected continuation of expanding rural land development. Related to population growth, rural land development and the associated loss of rural open space are expected to have a number of social, economic, and ecological implications. To gain greater insight into land development patterns, we used US Census Bureau and National Resources Inventory data to quantify per-housing-Unit rates of land development during recent decades and to model future land development to 2030 for states and regions in the US. Based on these data, 0.50 ha of additional and were developed for each additional housing unit in the US. The numbers of hectares of newly developed land per additional housing unit were greatest in the South Central and Great Plains regions and least in the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain regions of the country. Combining population projections and trends in people per housing unit with development indices, we projected that developed area in the US will increase by 22 million hectares between 2003 and 2030. with the greatest absolute increases projected to occur in the Southeast and South Central regions of the US. We used sensitivity analysis to examine the impacts of changes in population migration patterns and per housing unit development patterns on increases in projected developed area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Eric M.; Alig, Ralph J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Morzillo, Anita T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP White, EM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM emwhite@fs.fed.us; morzillo.anita@epa.gov; ralig@fs.fed.us FU US Environmental Protection Agency; USDA Forest Service FX We thank Scott Bearer, Jeff Kline, and four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the USDA Forest Service. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number WED-08-107 of the Western Ecology Division. NR 65 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.09.004 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 399WL UT WOS:000262829900006 ER PT J AU Rider, CV Hartig, PC Cardon, MC Wilson, VS AF Rider, Cynthia V. Hartig, Phillip C. Cardon, Mary C. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Development of a competitive binding assay system with recombinant estrogen receptors from multiple species SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE In vitro; Alligator; Quail; Salamander; Fathead minnow ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTORS; AMERICAN ALLIGATOR; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FATHEAD MINNOW; IN-VITRO; ALPHA; EXPRESSION; LIGAND AB In the current study, we developed a new system using full-length recombinant baculovirus-expressed estrogen receptors which allows for direct comparison of binding across species. Estrogen receptors representing five vertebrate classes were compared: human estrogen receptor alpha (hER alpha), quail estrogen receptor alpha (qER alpha), alligator estrogen receptor alpha (aER alpha), salamander estrogen receptor alpha (sER alpha), and fathead minnow estrogen receptor alpha (fhER alpha). Saturation binding analyses indicated 17 beta-estradiol (E2) dissociation constants (Kd) were 0.22 +/- 0.02 nM for hER alpha, 0,28 +/- 0.04 nM for sER alpha, 0.44 +/- 0.04 nM for aER alpha, 0.58 +/- 0.10 nM for qER alpha, and 0.58 +/- 0.05 nM for fhER alpha. Binding specificity to each of the receptors was evaluated using E2, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), corticosterone (C), and ethinylestradiol (EE). E2 and EE were strong binders in all species with IC50's ranging from 0.65 nM with hER alpha to 1.01 nM with sER alpha for E2 and from 0.68 nM with sER alpha to 1.20 nM with qERa for EE. DHT was a weak binder with IC50's ranging from 3.3 mu M with hER alpha to 39 mu M with fhER alpha, and C did not bind any of the receptors at concentrations up to 100 mu M. This system provides a convenient in vitro approach for directly comparing chemical binding to estrogen receptors across multiple species Without the need to sacrifice animals. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Rider, Cynthia V.; Hartig, Phillip C.; Cardon, Mary C.; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Endocrinol Branch,Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rider, Cynthia V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Endocrinol Branch,Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU NCSU/EPA [CT833235-01-0] FX This work was funded in part by the NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program CT833235-01-0. We thank Dr. Robin Sternberg for her help in editing this manuscript. All constructs discussed herein are available upon request. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 184 IS 2 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.015 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 405JU UT WOS:000263219900003 PM 19022364 ER PT J AU Burkhart, BA Ivey, ML Archer, TK AF Burkhart, Barbara A. Ivey, Melissa L. Archer, Trevor K. TI Long-term low level glucocorticoid exposure induces persistent repression in chromatin SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glucocorticoid resistance; Transcriptional repression; Chromatin; MMTV; SGK ID RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; MMTV PROMOTER; HISTONE H1; KAPPA-B; RESISTANCE; STRESS; CELLS AB Environmental exposure to low concentration hormones can have permanent epigenetic effects in animals and humans. The consequence of long-term low concentration glucocorticoid exposure was investigated in cell culture using glucocorticoid responsive genes organized in alternative chromatin structures. The MMTV promoter is induced by short-term glucocorticoid exposure on either an integrated (normal chromatin) or transient (unstructured chromatin) promoter. Longer hormone treatment causes a transient refractory repression of only the integrated promoter. Exposure to low concentrations of hormone for several passages persistently represses the integrated MMTV and endogenous glucocorticoid responsive promoters. The glucocorticoid receptor cannot bind to persistently repressed promoters. Induction by androgens is also inhibited on the repressed MMTV promoter. Similarly, osmotic stress induction of the endogenous Sgk gene is repressed. Persistent repression by glucocorticoids targets glucocorticoid responsive genes using a chromatin-dependent mechanism that disrupts binding of both GR-dependent and GR-indepenclent transcription complexes. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Burkhart, Barbara A.; Ivey, Melissa L.; Archer, Trevor K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233 MD C4-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; NIH: [Z01 ES071006-09] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH: project number Z01 ES071006-09. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD JAN 27 PY 2009 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.011 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 398KX UT WOS:000262732100009 PM 19007849 ER PT J AU Taylor-Cousar, JL Zariwala, MA Burch, LH Pace, RG Drumm, ML Calloway, H Fan, HY Weston, BW Wright, FA Knowles, MR AF Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L. Zariwala, Maimoona A. Burch, Lauranell H. Pace, Rhonda G. Drumm, Mitchell L. Calloway, Hollin Fan, Haiying Weston, Brent W. Wright, Fred A. Knowles, Michael R. CA Gene Modifier Study Grp TI Histo-Blood Group Gene Polymorphisms as Potential Genetic Modifiers of Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Severity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: The pulmonary phenotype in cystic fibrosis (CF) is variable; thus, environmental and genetic factors likely contribute to clinical heterogeneity. We hypothesized that genetically determined ABO histo-blood group antigen (ABH) differences in glycosylation may lead to differences in microbial binding by airway mucus, and thus predispose to early lung infection and more severe lung disease in a subset of patients with CF. Methods and Principal Findings: Clinical information and DNA was collected on > 800 patients with the Delta F508/Delta F508 genotype. Patients in the most severe and mildest quartiles for lung phenotype were enrolled. Blood samples underwent lymphocyte transformation and DNA extraction using standard methods. PCR and sequencing were performed using standard techniques to identify the 9 SNPs required to determine ABO blood type, and to identify the four SNPs that account for 90-95% of Lewis status in Caucasians. Allele identification of the one nonsynonymous SNP in FUT2 that accounts for > 95% of the incidence of nonsecretor phenotype in Caucasians was completed using an ABI Taqman assay. The overall prevalence of ABO types, and of FUT2 (secretor) and FUT 3 (Lewis) alleles was consistent with that found in the Caucasian population. There was no difference in distribution of ABH type in the severe versus mild patients, or the age of onset of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the severe or mild groups. Multivariate analyses of other clinical phenotypes, including gender, asthma, and meconium ileus demonstrated no differences between groups based on ABH type. Conclusions and Significance: Polymorphisms in the genes encoding ABO blood type, secretor or Lewis genotypes were not shown to associate with severity of CF lung disease, or age of onset of P. aeruginosa infection, nor was there any association with other clinical phenotypes in a group of 808 patients homozygous for the Delta F508 mutation. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pulm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Zariwala, Maimoona A.; Pace, Rhonda G.; Calloway, Hollin; Knowles, Michael R.] Univ N Carolina, Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Res & Treatment Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Burch, Lauranell H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Wright, Fred A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fan, Haiying; Weston, Brent W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Drumm, Mitchell L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Pulmonary, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Taylor-Cousar, JL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pulm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM JTCousar@salud.unm.edu FU NIH [HL068890, 1F32HL082207-01]; GlaxoSmithKline Pulmonary Fellowship Award FX This work was supported by NIH HL068890, NIH 1F32HL082207-01, and the GlaxoSmithKline Pulmonary Fellowship Award. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 1 BP CP5 EP U11 AR e4270 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004270 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437JE UT WOS:000265482800001 PM 19169360 ER PT J AU Pawlowski, CW McCord, C AF Pawlowski, Christopher W. McCord, Christopher TI A Markov model for assessing ecological stability properties SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecological stability; Dynamic systems; Stochastic modeling; Markov models ID HYBRID SYSTEMS; LAKE MENDOTA; RESILIENCE; VERIFICATION; PERSISTENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY AB Ecological systems are frequently modeled as dynamic systems. it is natural then to use the techniques of dynamic systems theory to analyze such models. However, the methods and results that are produced by dynamic systems theory do not always capture the aspects of ecological systems that are of greatest interest to managers and decision-makers. We identify some of the challenges of using dynamic systems theory to explore ecological systems and propose an alternative approach that emphasizes the understanding of transient effects in light of uncertainty and variability. We illustrate this method by an examination of a model for phosphorus levels in fresh water lakes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Pawlowski, Christopher W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McCord, Christopher] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP McCord, C (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM cw-pawlowski@yahoo.com; mccord@niu.edu NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 2 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.10.004 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 389VO UT WOS:000262122800001 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B Barber, MC Walters, DM AF Rashleigh, Brenda Barber, M. Craig Walters, David M. TI Foodweb modeling for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Twelvemile Creek Arm of Lake Hartwell, South Carolina, USA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; AQUATOX; Lake Hartwell; PCB; Sensitivity analysis ID CHEMICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; SUPERFUND SITE; FISH; WEB; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENT; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS AB PCBs from the Sangamo-Weston Superfund Site near Clemson, South Carolina, USA, were released into the Twelvemile Creek Arm of Lake Hartwell until the early 1990s. Monitoring data have shown that while PCB concentration in sediments declined since 1995, PCB concentrations in fish have remained elevated, e.g., largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) concentrations have ranged from 5 to 10 ppm. The EPA aquatic ecosystem model AQUATOX was applied to this system to better characterize foodweb, dynamics that lead to biomagnification. of PCBs. The model was calibrated with observed fish biomass data. Simulated PCB loading over a 12-year period provided a reasonable fit to observed PCB data in fish. The model demonstrated that contaminated labile detritus loaded to the system was incorporated into the foodweb rather than deposited, thereby maintaining the PCB concentrations in fish while concentrations in the sediment declined. A dominant PCB pathway was from detritus to daphnia to shad to largemouth bass. Fish PCB concentrations showed moderate sensitivity to toxicant parameters; model runs incorporating uncertainty in these parameters predicted recovery (<2 ppm. PCB) for all species in the range of years from 2008 to 2013. The high sensitivity of the model to parameters related to growth strongly affected PCB concentrations in fish and should be considered in future AQUATOX applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rashleigh, Brenda; Barber, M. Craig] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Walters, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Rashleigh.Brenda@epa.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 2 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.09.007 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 389VO UT WOS:000262122800013 ER PT J AU Soberanes, S Urich, D Baker, CM Burgess, Z Chiarella, SE Bell, EL Ghio, AJ De Vizcaya-Ruiz, A Liu, J Ridge, KM Kamp, DW Chandel, NS Schumacker, PT Mutlu, GM Budinger, GRS AF Soberanes, Saul Urich, Daniela Baker, Christina M. Burgess, Zach Chiarella, Sergio E. Bell, Eric L. Ghio, Andrew J. De Vizcaya-Ruiz, Andrea Liu, Jing Ridge, Karen M. Kamp, David W. Chandel, Navdeep S. Schumacker, Paul T. Mutlu, Goekhan M. Budinger, G. R. Scott TI Mitochondrial Complex III-generated Oxidants Activate ASK1 and JNK to Induce Alveolar Epithelial Cell Death following Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REGULATING KINASE 1; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN INDICATORS; REDOX GENE-THERAPY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MAP KINASES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; NA+ TRANSPORT; MORTALITY AB We have previously reported that airborne particulate matter air pollution (PM) activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in alveolar epithelial cells through a pathway that requires the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of p53. We sought to examine the source of mitochondrial oxidant production and the molecular links between ROS generation and the activation of p53 in response to PM exposure. Using a mitochondrially targeted ratiometric sensor (Ro-GFP) in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA (rho(0) cells) and cells stably expressing a small hairpin RNA directed against the Rieske iron-sulfur protein, we show that site III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is primarily responsible for fine PM (PM(2.5))-induced oxidant production. In alveolar epithelial cells, the overexpression of SOD1 prevented the PM(2.5)-induced ROS generation from the mitochondria and prevented cell death. Infection of mice with an adenovirus encoding SOD1 prevented the PM(2.5)-induced death of alveolar epithelial cells and the associated increase inalveolar-capillary permeability. Treatment with PM(2.5) resulted in the ROS-mediated activation of the oxidant-sensitive kinase ASK1 and its downstream kinase JNK. Murine embryonic fibroblasts from ASK1 knock-out mice, alveolar epithelial cells transfected with dominant negative constructs against ASK1, and pharmacologic inhibition of JNK with SP600125 (25 mu M) prevented the PM(2.5)-induced phosphorylation of p53 and cell death. We conclude that particulate matter air pollution induces the generation of ROS primarily from site III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and that these ROS activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through ASK1, JNK, and p53. C1 [Soberanes, Saul; Urich, Daniela; Baker, Christina M.; Chiarella, Sergio E.; Bell, Eric L.; Liu, Jing; Ridge, Karen M.; Kamp, David W.; Chandel, Navdeep S.; Mutlu, Goekhan M.; Budinger, G. R. Scott] Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Schumacker, Paul T.] Northwestern Univ, Div Pediat, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [De Vizcaya-Ruiz, Andrea] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Secc Externa Toxicol, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Budinger, GRS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Feinberg Sch Med, 240 E Huron,McGaw Pavil M300, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM s-buding@northwestern.edu RI Bell, Eric/F-6368-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [HL071643, GM060472, HL067835, ES015024, ES013995]; American Lung Association and the Veterans Affairs Administration FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants HL071643, GM060472, HL067835, ES015024, and ES013995. This work was also supported by the American Lung Association and the Veterans Affairs Administration. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 49 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 4 BP 2176 EP 2186 DI 10.1074/jbc.M808844200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 395TE UT WOS:000262545600027 PM 19033436 ER PT J AU Shirazi, MA Faustini, JM Kaufmann, PR AF Shirazi, Mostafa A. Faustini, John M. Kaufmann, Philip R. TI Streambed gravel sampling and frequency base conversion: A solution to data set sharing SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE PARTICLE-SIZE; NONUNIFORM PARTICULATE SUBSTANCES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SPAWNING GRAVELS; BED MATERIAL; COLORADO; TEXTURE; SYSTEMS; SHAPE AB The analysis of streambed particle size distribution is fundamental to geology, geomorphology, engineering, ecology, and hydrology. There is a continued need for standard analytical methods to accommodate different practices in sample collection, particle size characterization, frequency analysis, and frequency base conversion. We focus upon two related topics: (1) quantitative description of size of irregular particles and (2) frequency base conversion procedures. The first is needed to accurately determine physical particle properties (diameter, surface area, volume, and weight), and the second to determine the statistical influence on one or more of these properties of each particle in a mixture. We collected natural streambed particles, measured various calipered diameters including a nominal diameter using each particle volume, and calculated a shape factor for each diameter that converts it to an equivalent sieved diameter. Next, we extended a model originally derived in 1929 for a lognormal distribution to a streambed particle size distribution that severely deviated from a lognormal distribution. After successfully converting from number to weight frequency (and the reverse) of samples collected by grid, area, and volume, we extended the conversion to apply across these collection methods. These results make streambed frequency analysis independent of the particular diameter used, the observed frequency base, and the sample collection procedure. The immediate utility of our analysis is to facilitate data sharing among disciplines. The ultimate benefit is to free researchers to select the most convenient diameter measurement, size frequency classification, frequency base, and sample collection procedure from the many alternative strategies available. C1 [Shirazi, Mostafa A.; Faustini, John M.; Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Faustini, John M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shirazi, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, ORD, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM shirazi.mostafa@epa.gov RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX Critiques of early drafts of this paper were kindly offered by Drs. Kristin Bunte, Michael Church, Judith Haschenburger, Peter Klingeman, and Gary Parker. Each provided valuable suggestions which, to our best abilities, we used to clarify our thinking and streamline our presentation. The dedication and encouragement of WRR editors and the reviewers were sources of our inspiration. Through their probing questions and selfless guidance, they became our kind anonymous coauthors. We appreciate the diligent work of summer student interns Oktar Khudayar, Allison Osterbur, Irma Vazquez, and April Waters who participated in field sampling, laboratory measurement, and tabulation of particle data. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded the research described here. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W01414 DI 10.1029/2007WR006151 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 398TX UT WOS:000262755500001 ER PT J AU Blanksma, C Eguia, B Lott, K Lazorchak, JM Smith, ME Wratschko, M Dawson, TD Elonen, C Kahl, M Schoenfuss, HL AF Blanksma, C. Eguia, B. Lott, K. Lazorchak, J. M. Smith, M. E. Wratschko, M. Dawson, T. D. Elonen, C. Kahl, M. Schoenfuss, H. L. TI Effects of water hardness on skeletal development and growth in juvenile fathead minnows SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Ossification; Larvae; Fishes; Fathead minnows; Calcium; Water hardness ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; REPRODUCTION; VERTEBRATES AB Skeletal growth in vertebrates is partially controlled by the availability of minerals. The correlation between aqueous calcium content and fish skeletal growth ("ossification") is especially important as calcium absorption from water is an essential route to acquire this mineral. In this study, we test the hypothesis that a calcium-abundant aquatic environment will expedite larval skeletal development in fathead minnows beyond the skeletal development in a low-calcium environment. Fathead minnows were chosen for this study as they are a widely used toxicological model organism with well established rearing protocols. We divided three batches each of fathead minnow eggs from a colony supplied with calcium-abundant water (Ca = 65 +/- 1.5 mg/L as CaCO(3); hardness> 175 mg/L) and one with a low, yet adequate calcium content (Ca = 15 +/- 0.11 mg/L as CaCO(3); hardness<50 mg/L) to rear fish. Half of each egg batch was exchanged between laboratories and fish were then reared to 60 days post-hatch under similar conditions. At 60 days, juveniles were sacrificed, cleared and stained. Ossification patterns for cranial (jaw) and caudal (fin) structures were quantified using NIH Image (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/). Fish reared in calcium-abundant water had significantly increased survival but lower whole body mass when compared to their conspecifics in low-calcium water. Cranial ossification patterns did not vary. Caudal fin ossification was statistically significant, but slightly and surprisingly enhanced in juveniles reared in low-calcium water. All observed differences were independent of the origin of fish and imply differences in fish growth among cultures maintained under similar rearing conditions for the purpose of this study. Results of this investigation have implications for the rearing of model organisms for toxicological studies and need to be amended by physiological explorations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Blanksma, C.; Eguia, B.; Schoenfuss, H. L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Lott, K.; Dawson, T. D.] Wilson Environm Labs Inc, Duluth, MN USA. [Lazorchak, J. M.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Elonen, C.; Kahl, M.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Smith, M. E.; Wratschko, M.] McConnell Grp, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB-273, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU US Environmental Protection Agency STAR [R832741-01-0] FX This research was supported by a US Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant (R832741-01-0) to Schoenfuss and a collaborative agreement with the US EPA. Additional support was provided by St. Cloud State University Office of Sponsored Programs (to Blanksma). Jared Lazer and Cassie Houdek provided laboratory assistance in the development of clearing and staining techniques. We would like to thank three anonymous peer-reviewers for their suggestions to strengthen the manuscript. Use of trade-, firm-, or product names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 17 PY 2009 VL 286 IS 3-4 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.09.026 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 395RT UT WOS:000262541900011 ER PT J AU Ballet, S Feytens, D De Wachter, R De Vlaeminck, M Marczak, ED Salvadori, S de Graaf, C Rognan, D Negri, L Lattanzi, R Lazarus, LH Tourwe, D Balboni, G AF Ballet, Steven Feytens, Debby De Wachter, Rien De Vlaeminck, Magali Marczak, Ewa D. Salvadori, Severo de Graaf, Chris Rognan, Didier Negri, Lucia Lattanzi, Roberta Lazarus, Lawrence H. Tourwe, Dirk Balboni, Gianfranco TI Conformationally constrained opioid ligands: The Dmt-Aba and Dmt-Aia versus Dmt-Tic scaffold SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Opioid peptidomimetics; Constrained amino acids ID RECEPTOR SELECTIVITY; EXTRACELLULAR LOOP; DELTA ANTAGONISTS; HIGHLY POTENT; AMINO-ACIDS; CHI-SPACE; ANALOGS; PHARMACOPHORE; PEPTIDES; BINDING AB Replacement of the constrained phenylalanine analogue 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Tic) in the opioid Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Bn scaffold by the 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-indolo[2,3-c]azepin-3-one (Aia) and 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one (Aba) scaffolds has led to the discovery of novel potent l-selective agonists (Structures 5 and 12) as well as potent and selective delta-opioid receptor antagonists (Structures 9 and 15). Both stereochemistry and N-terminal N,N-dimethylation proved to be crucial factors for opioid receptor selectivity and functional bioactivity in the investigated small pepti-domimetic templates. In addition to the in vitro pharmacological evaluation, automated docking models of Dmt-Tic and Dmt-Aba analogues were constructed in order to rationalize the observed structure activity data. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ballet, Steven; Feytens, Debby; De Wachter, Rien; De Vlaeminck, Magali; Tourwe, Dirk] Vrije Univ Brussels, Dept Organ Chem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Marczak, Ewa D.; Lazarus, Lawrence H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, LP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [de Graaf, Chris; Rognan, Didier] Univ Louis Pasteur Strasbourg 1, CNRS, UMR 7175 LC1, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Negri, Lucia; Lattanzi, Roberta] Univ Rome, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Vittorio Ersparmer, I-00815 Rome, Italy. [Balboni, Gianfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. [Balboni, Gianfranco] Univ Cagliari, Ctr Biotechnol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. RP Tourwe, D (reprint author), Vrije Univ Brussels, Dept Organ Chem, Pl Laan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM datourwe@vub.ac.be RI Rognan, Didier/B-9939-2014; OI LATTANZI, Roberta/0000-0002-6377-9256; de Graaf, Chris/0000-0002-1226-2150; SALVADORI, Severo/0000-0002-8224-2358 FU Scientific Research - Flanders (Belgium) [G.0036.04, G.0008.08]; NIH; NIEHS; European grant 'Normolife' [LSHCCT2006-037733] FX D. Feytens is a Research Assistant for the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders (Belgium). This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of NIH and NIEHS and by the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders ( Belgium, Grants G.0036.04 and G.0008.08) and European grant 'Normolife' (LSHCCT2006-037733). NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 386UU UT WOS:000261908900032 PM 19062273 ER PT J AU Kleeman, MJ Riddle, SG Robert, MA Jakober, CA Fine, PM Hays, MD Schauer, JJ Hannigan, MP AF Kleeman, Michael J. Riddle, Sarah G. Robert, Michael A. Jakober, Chris A. Fine, Phillip M. Hays, Michael D. Schauer, James J. Hannigan, Michael P. TI Source Apportionment of Fine (PM1.8) and Ultrafine (PM0.1) Airborne Particulate Matter during a Severe Winter Pollution Episode SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUTY DIESEL VEHICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE MASS; GAS-PHASE; EMISSIONS; CALIFORNIA; GASOLINE; CARBON; COMBUSTION AB Size-resolved samples of airborne particulate matter (PM) collected during a severe winter pollution episode at three sites in the San Joaquin Valley of California were extracted with organic solvents and analyzed for detailed organic compounds using GC-MS. Six particle size fractions were characterized with diameter (Dp) < 1.8 mu m; the smallest size fraction was 0.056 < Dp < 0.1 mu m which accounts for the majority of the mass in the ultrafine (PM0.1) size range. Source profiles for ultrafine particles developed during previous studies were applied to the measurements at each sampling site to calculate source contributions to organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations. Ultrafine EC concentrations ranged from 0.03 mu g m(-3) during the daytime to 0.18 mu g m(-3) during the nighttime. Gasoline fuel, diesel fuel, and lubricating oil combustion products accounted far the majority of the ultrafine EC concentrations, with relatively minor contributions from biomass combustion and meat cooking. Ultrafine OC concentrations ranged from 0.2 mu g m(-3) during the daytime to 0.8 mu g m(-3) during the nighttime. Wood combustion was found to be the largest source of ultrafine OC. Meat cooking was also identified as a significant potential source of PM0.1 mass but further study is required to verify the contributions from this source. Gasoline fuel, diesel fuel, and lubricating oil combustion products made minor contributions to PM0.1 OC mass. Total ultrafine particulate matter concentrations were dominated by contributions from wood combustion and meat cooking during the current study. Future inhalation exposure studies may wish to target these sources as potential causes of adverse health effects. C1 [Kleeman, Michael J.; Robert, Michael A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riddle, Sarah G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jakober, Chris A.] Univ Calif Davis, Agr & Environm Chem Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fine, Phillip M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hannigan, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kleeman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjkleeman@ucdavis.edu RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 FU California Air Resources Board, Research Division [01-306]; San Joaquin Valleywide Study Agency [2000-05PM]; United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83241401-0] FX This research was supported by the California Air Resources Board, Research Division under contract no. 01-306, the San Joaquin Valleywide Study Agency under contract no. 2000-05PM, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency under grant no. RD-83241401-0. The research described in the article has not been subject to the Environmental Protection Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank Dan Chang and Jorn Herner for help with sample collection, Hector Maldonado for help with EMFAC analysis, and Nehzat Motallebi for help with project coordination. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1021/es800400m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394FG UT WOS:000262430700010 PM 19238951 ER PT J AU Ma, X Bouchard, D AF Ma, Xin Bouchard, Dermont TI Formation of Aqueous Suspensions of Fullerenes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; POROUS-MEDIA; C-60; WATER; SOLUBILITY; C-70; IMPACT AB Colloidal suspensions of C(60), C(70), and a derivative of C(60), PCBM ([6,6]-Phenyl C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester) were produced by extended mixing in water. We examined the contribution of background solution chemistry (pH, ionic strength) on the formation of colloidal suspensions in terms of mass, aggregate size, and zeta potential. These parameters were also compared between free-settling and filtered treatments. Results indicated that all three fullerenes were highly negatively charged in aqueous systems, that it took a finite time to reach kinetically stable suspensions, and that suspension formation was pH and ionic strength dependent. With isoelectric points approaching zero, the suspensions were generally stable at pH > 3. The results indicate that it is critical to state the condition under which the formation of aqueous fullerene suspensions occurs when employing such suspensions to evaluate environmental toxicity or fate and transport of fullerenes. C1 [Ma, Xin; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ma, X (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ma.cissy@epa.gov NR 28 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1021/es801833p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394FG UT WOS:000262430700019 PM 19238960 ER PT J AU Choi, H Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR AF Choi, Hyeok Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Adsorption and Simultaneous Dechlorination of PCBs on GAC/Fe/Pd: Mechanistic Aspects and Reactive Capping Barrier Concept SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENT; FE/PD; SEQUESTRATION; NANOPARTICLES; CONTAMINANTS; GROUNDWATER; NANOIRON; SOIL AB There are many concerns and challenges in current remediation strategies for sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Our efforts have been geared toward the development of granular activated carbon (GAC) impregnated with reactive iron/palladium (Fe/Pd) bimetallic nanoparticles (reactive activated carbon (RAC)). In this study, we elucidate the mechanistic aspects of the hybrid RAC system dechlorinating 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CIBP) in the aqueous phase. The following reactions occurred in parallel or consecutively: (i) 2-CIBP is promptly and completely sequestrated to RAC phase, (ii) the adsorbed 2-CIBP is almost simultaneously dechlorinated by Fe/Pd particles to form a reaction product biphenyl (BP), and (iii) the BP formed is instantly and strongly adsorbed to RAC. The 2-CIBP adsorption and dechlorination rate constants were estimated through simple first-order reaction kinetic models with an assumption for unextractable portion of carbon in RAC. The extent of 2-CIBP accumulation and BP formation in RAC phase could be well explained by the kinetic model and adsorption was found to be the rate limiting step for overall reaction. On the basis of our observations, a new strategy and concept of "reactive" cap/barrier composed of RAC was proposed as a new environmental risk management option for PCBs-contaminated sites. C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio; Norit Americas, Inc FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors recognize the support of Mr. Eric Graybill of Pegasus Technical Support, Inc., for sample preparation and analysis using GC/MS. The authors appreciate Norit Americas, Inc., for their donation of the GAC. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1021/es8015815 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394FG UT WOS:000262430700043 PM 19238984 ER PT J AU Olmstead, AW Korte, JJ Woodis, KK Bennett, BA Ostazeski, S Degitz, SJ AF Olmstead, Allen W. Korte, Joseph J. Woodis, Kacie K. Bennett, Blake A. Ostazeski, Shannon Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Reproductive maturation of the tropical clawed frog: Xenopus tropicalis SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Xenopus; Reproduction; Sex characteristics ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SEX STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; AMPHIBIAN MODEL; LAEVIS; VITELLOGENIN; EXPOSURE; ATRAZINE; METAMORPHOSIS; TESTOSTERONE AB The tropical clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, is a relatively new model species being used in developmental biology and amphibian toxicology studies. In order to increase our understanding of reproductive maturation and the role of steroid hormones in X tropicalis, we collected baseline reproductive data in this species from metamorphosis to adulthood. One cohort of frogs was maintained for 42 weeks post-metamorphosis (PM) with endpoints representative of important reproductive parameters collected at 1 - or 2-week intervals. These endpoints were then correlated to titers of either estradiol or testosterone. Male frogs exhibited nuptial pads, starting at 8 weeks (PM) when measureable concentrations of circulating testosterone (5.3 ng/ml. plasma) first appeared. Testosterone concentrations remained above this level at all later time points, but were highly variable among individuals. Testes sizes in males reached their peak at 22 weeks PM (21 mg) with sperm Counts peaking at the same time (25 million sperm/male). In females, estradiol becomes elevated in the blood at 16 weeks PM (1.5 ng/mL plasma) which corresponds with the presences of vitellogenin (4.4 mg/mL plasma), vitellogenic oocytes in the ovary, ovarian growth, and oviduct growth. Vitellogenic oocytes increased in number up to 15,000 per female at 30 weeks PM and accounted for 75% of the total number of oocytes present in the ovary. The ovary and oviducts continued to grow in mass until 30 weeks PM at which point they had reached sizes of 3.6 g and 0.8 g, respectively. These data indicate that male and female X tropicalis reach reproductive maturation at 22 and 30 weeks PM, respectively. Results from this Study are valuable for the design of amphibian toxicology assays and increase our understanding of the reproductive biology of this relatively new model species. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Olmstead, Allen W.; Korte, Joseph J.; Woodis, Kacie K.; Bennett, Blake A.; Ostazeski, Shannon; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Degitz, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM degitz.sigmund@epa.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 160 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.10.025 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 399CJ UT WOS:000262777700002 PM 19027014 ER PT J AU Whitman, CT Wirth, TE Meselson, M Nissen, SE Juma, C Daley, G AF Whitman, Christine Todd Wirth, Timothy E. Meselson, Matthew Nissen, Steven E. Juma, Calestous Daley, George TI Your inbox, Mr President SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Whitman, Christine Todd] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wirth, Timothy E.] United Nations Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Meselson, Matthew] Harvard Univ, Harvard Sussex Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nissen, Steven E.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Juma, Calestous] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Sci Technol & Globalizat Project, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Daley, George] Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 457 IS 7227 BP 258 EP 261 DI 10.1038/457258a PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 394IR UT WOS:000262440900019 ER PT J AU Chen, PJ Padgett, WT Moore, T Winnik, W Lambert, GR Thai, SF Hester, SD Nesnow, S AF Chen, Pei-Jen Padgett, William T. Moore, Tanya Winnik, Witold Lambert, Guy R. Thai, Sheau-Fung Hester, Susan D. Nesnow, Stephen TI Three conazoles increase hepatic microsomal retinoic acid metabolism and decrease mouse hepatic retinoic acid levels in vivo SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conazoles; All trans retinoic acid; P450; Triadimefon; Propiconazole; Myclobutanil ID CYTOCHROME-P450 GENE-EXPRESSION; ETHANOL-FED RATS; VITAMIN-A; NONENZYMATIC ISOMERIZATION; CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION; SELECTIVE INHIBITORS; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; GROWTH-INHIBITION; TOXICITY PROFILES; VITRO METABOLISM AB Conazoles are fungicides used in agriculture and as pharmaceuticals. In a previous toxicogenomic study of triazole-containing conazoles we found gene expression changes consistent with the alteration of the metabolism of all trans-retinoic acid (atRA), a vitamin A metabolite with cancer-preventative properties (Ward et al., Toxicol. Pathol. 2006: 34:863-78). The goals of this study were to examine effects of propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil. three triazole-containing conazoles, on the microsomal metabolism of atRA, the associated hepatic cytochrome 11450 (11450) enzyme(s) involved in atRA and their effects on hepatic atRA levels in vivo. The in vitro metabolism of atRA was metabolism, quantitatively measured in liver microsomes from male CD-1 mice following four daily intraperitoneal injections of propiconazole (210 mg/kg/d), triadimefon (257 mg/kg/d) or myclobutanil (270 mg/kg/d). The formation of both 4-hydroxy-atRA and 4-oxo-atRA were significantly increased by all three conazoles. Propiconazole-induced microsomes possessed slightly greater metabolizing activities compared to myclobutanil-induced microsomes. Both propiconazole and triadimefon treatment induced greater formation of 4-hydroxy-atRA compared to myclobutanil treatment. Chemical and immuno-inhibition metabolism studies suggested that Cyp26a1, Cyp2b, and Cyp3a, but not Cyp1a1 proteins were involved in atRA metabolism. Cyp2b10/20 and Cyp3a11 genes were significantly over-expressed in the livers of both triadimefon- and propiconazole-treated mice while Cyp26a1, Cyp2c65 and Cyp1a2 genes were over-expressed in the livers of either triadimefon- or propiconazole-treated mice, and Cyp2b10/20 and Cyp3a13 genes were over-expressed in the livers of myclobutanil-treated mice. Western blot analyses indicated conazole induced-increases in Cyp2b and Cyp3a proteins. All three conazoles decreased hepatic atRA tissue levels ranging from 45-67%. The possible implications of these changes in hepatic atRA levels on cell proliferation in the mouse tumorigenesis process are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chen, Pei-Jen; Padgett, William T.; Moore, Tanya; Winnik, Witold; Lambert, Guy R.; Thai, Sheau-Fung; Hester, Susan D.; Nesnow, Stephen] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chen, Pei-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov OI CHEN, PEI-JEN/0000-0001-6036-4576 FU National Research Council; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Dr. L. Foley of Roche Pharmaceuticals, Nutley NJ for the gift of retinoic acid standards. We also thank Doug Wolf, James Allen, Jeffrey Ross, and Julian Preston for their excellent reviews of the manuscript. We appreciate the assistance provided by Rachel Grindstaff in the method development of the Western blot analysis. This work was performed while Pei-Jen Chen held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 81 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 234 IS 2 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.10.004 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 398WG UT WOS:000262761600001 PM 19010342 ER PT J AU Venkatapathy, R Wang, CY Bruce, RM Moudgal, C AF Venkatapathy, Raghuraman Wang, Ching Yi Bruce, Robert Mark Moudgal, Chandrika TI Development of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict the carcinogenic potency of chemicals I. Alternative toxicity measures as an estimator of carcinogenic potency SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carcinogenic potency; Toxicity Prediction by Komputer Assisted Technology (TOPKAT); Cancer Potency Database (CPDB); Lethal Dose (LD50); Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD); Oral Slope Factor (OSF); Tumor Dose (TD50); Mutagenicity; Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient (logP); Classification and Regression Trees (CART) ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; TD50; HEALTH AB Determining the carcinogenicity and carcinogenic potency of new chemicals is both a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. In order to expedite the screening process, there is a need to identify alternative toxicity measures that may be used as surrogates for carcinogenic potency. Alternative toxicity measures for carcinogenic potency currently being used in the literature include lethal dose (dose that kills 50% of a study population [LD(50)]), lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between tumor dose (TD(50)) and three alternative toxicity measures as an estimator of carcinogenic potency. A second aim of this study was to develop a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) between TD(50) and estimated/experimental predictor variables to predict the carcinogenic potency of new chemicals. Rat TD(50)s of 590 structurally diverse chemicals were obtained from the Cancer Potency Database, and the three alternative toxicity measures considered in this study were estimated using TOPKAT (R), a toxicity estimation software. Though poor correlations were obtained between carcinogenic potency and the three alternative toxicity (both experimental and TOPKAT) measures for the CPDB chemicals, a CART developed using experimental data with no missing values as predictor variables provided reasonable estimates of TD(50) for nine chemicals that were part of an external validation set. However, if experimental values for the three alternative measures, mutagenicity and logP are not available in the literature, then either the CART developed using missing experimental values or estimated values may be used for making a prediction. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Venkatapathy, Raghuraman] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Wang, Ching Yi; Bruce, Robert Mark] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Moudgal, Chandrika] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Venkatapathy, R (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, MS-443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venkatapathy.raghuraman@epa.gov NR 45 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 234 IS 2 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.028 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 398WG UT WOS:000262761600007 PM 18977375 ER PT J AU Rastogi, A Ai-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Rastogi, Aditya Ai-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Sulfate radical-based ferrous-peroxymonosulfate oxidative system for PCBs degradation in aqueous and sediment systems SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE AOTs; PCBS; Sulfate radical; Oxone (R); Iron ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; FENTON REACTION; IRON; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION; DESTRUCTION; COMPLEXES C1 [Ai-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rastogi, Aditya; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Ai-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 37 TC 224 Z9 241 U1 13 U2 107 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD JAN 12 PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.07.010 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 398OS UT WOS:000262742000008 ER PT J AU Bastianoni, S Campbell, DE Ridolfi, R Pulselli, FM AF Bastianoni, S. Campbell, D. E. Ridolfi, R. Pulselli, F. M. TI The solar transformity of petroleum fuels SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Emergy; Specific emergy; oil derivatives; Refining industry ID EMERGY AB Petroleum fuels are the primary energy basis for transportation and industry. They are almost always an important input to the economic and social activities of humanity. Emergy analyses require accurate estimates with specified uncertainty for the transformities of major energy and material inputs to economic and environmental systems. In this study, the oil refining processes in Italy and the United States were examined to estimate the transformity and specific emergy of petroleum derivatives. Based on our assumptions that petroleum derivatives are splits of a complex hydrocarbon mixture and that the emergy is split based on the fraction of energy in a product, we estimated that the transformity of petroleum derivatives is 65,826 sej/J +/- 1.4% relative to the 9.26E+24 sej/year planetary baseline. Estimates of the specific emergies of the various liquid fuels from Italian and U.S. refineries are within 2% of one another and the relationship of particular values varies with the refinery design. Our average transformity is only 1.7% larger than the current estimate for petroleum fuels determined by back calculation, confirming the accuracy of this transformity in existing emergy analyses. The model uncertainty between using energy or mass to determine how emergy is split was less that 2% in the estimate of both the transformity and specific emergy of liquid fuels, but larger for solid and gaseous products. This study is a contribution to strengthen the emergy methodology, providing data that can be useful in the analysis of many human activities. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Bastianoni, S.; Ridolfi, R.; Pulselli, F. M.] Univ Siena, Dept Chem & Biosyst Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Campbell, D. E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Bastianoni, S (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Chem & Biosyst Sci, Via A Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM bastianoni@unisi.it RI Bastianoni, Simone/K-6721-2015 OI Bastianoni, Simone/0000-0002-6470-7377 NR 23 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.09.003 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387HJ UT WOS:000261942000005 ER PT B AU Shao, Y Lunetta, RS AF Shao, Yang Lunetta, Ross S. BE Di, L Chen, A TI Comparison of Sub-pixel Classification Approaches for Crop-specific Mapping SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE MODIS NDVI; Sub-pixel; MLP regression; Regression tree AB This paper examined two non-linear models, Multi layer Perceptron (MLP) regression and Regression Tree (RT), for estimating sub-pixel crop proportions using time-series MODIS-NDVI data. The sub-pixel proportions were estimated for three major crop types including corn, soybean, and wheat; throughout the entire 480,000 km(2) Laurentian Great Lakes Basin. Accuracy assessments were conducted using the cropland data layer (CDL) developed by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). The performances of the sub-pixel classifications were compared based on root-mean-square error (RMSE) and scatter plots. For MLP regression, the RMSE values at 500 m spatial resolution were 0.16, 0.14, and 0.07 for corn, soybean and wheat, respectively. The RT approach achieved slightly higher RMSE values of 0.18, 0.15, and 0.07 for corn, soybean, and wheat. The latter approach did not provide greater interpretability, because tree sizes were rather large for MODIS-NDVI sub-pixel crop estimation problems. C1 [Shao, Yang; Lunetta, Ross S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shao, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shao.yang@epa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400034 ER PT B AU Zhou, XF Zhang, YL Zhang, XJ Jiang, M Surampalli, RY AF Zhou, Xuefei Zhang, Yalei Zhang, Xuanjun Jiang, Ming Surampalli, Rao Y. GP IEEE TI Modeling An Anaerobic Reactor with An Outside Recycling Line for Municipal Wastewater Treatment by Modified Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) SO 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering CY JUN 11-16, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Gordon Life Sci Inst, Fudan Univ, Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommunicat, Beijing Inst Technol, Wuhan Univ, Journal Biomed Sci & Engn DE Outside Cycling Anaerobic Reactor; Anaerobic Digestion; ADM1; Mathematical Model ID LOW STRENGTH WASTEWATERS; EGSB; UASB AB In this study, we developed a mathematical model based on anaerobic digestion model No.1 (ADM1) for municipal wastewater treatment. The model classified the microbes in an anaerobic system as two genera: acidogens and methanogens. According to their growth and decay processes, the model simplified the anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater into two sub-processes: transforming sugar, protein and lipid into VFA and then producing CH4 and CO2 from VFA. Also, chemical equilibriums were introduced. The dynamic process involved in the anaerobic system was solved by Matlab to calculate the effluent quality of the reactor such as COD, the VFA concentration, pH, and alkalinity variation. Based upon the ADM1 and dynamic constants in the literature, the stable operational data obtained from a pilot reactor was used for parameter sensitivity analysis, estimation, adjustment and calibration of the anaerobic digestion dynamic model. The dynamic model was then used to simulate the performance of the same OCAR reactor under the condition of an upward flow velocity of 2.0, 3.67, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.3 m/h as well as the residence time of 6, 4, 2, and 1 h during 165 days. The average relative error of estimated effluent COD, alkalinity, VFA is less than 10% as compared with the actual operation results. C1 [Zhou, Xuefei; Zhang, Yalei; Zhang, Xuanjun; Jiang, Ming] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhang, YL (reprint author), Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM zhangyalei2003@163.com FU National Key Technologies RD Program [2006BAJ04A07]; NSFC [20876117]; STCSM [072307007, NCET-07-0627] FX This work is sponsored by National Key Technologies R&D Program (2006BAJ04A07), NSFC (20876117), STCSM (072307007), NCET-07-0627 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2901-1 PY 2009 BP 5177 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTB33 UT WOS:000286342802378 ER PT B AU Glaser, J Casas, J Copenhaver, K Mueller, S AF Glaser, John Casas, Joseph Copenhaver, Kenneth Mueller, Steffen GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A BROAD LANDSCAPE MONITORING SYSTEM USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY TO DETECT PEST INFESTATION SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Genetically modified crops; decision support system; agriculture; bio-fuels; policy AB Comprised of 28 million hectares in 2007, the United States (US) maize agricultural landscape was valued at $52 billion. Any threat to the continued dependability of this crop, now important as both a food and fuel source, becomes an important economic and ecological resource management factor for the global economy. Many genetically modified maize varieties contain toxins that target insects, reducing insecticide applications with positive ecological and human health consequences. Crop monitoring is required by US law to manage the development of insect resistance. To assess the onset of resistance, a proactive monitoring system must be able to identify maize infestation across the broad agricultural landscape. Non-destructive monitoring tools are necessary at a scale and definition required to discern insect infestation effects. A joint USEPA and NASA hyperspectral imagery and decision support system project has been successfully evaluated for its ability to distinguish insect infestations in several locations. C1 [Glaser, John] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Casas, Joseph] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Copenhaver, Kenneth; Mueller, Steffen] Univ Illinois, Chicago Energy Resources Ctr, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Glaser, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM glaser.john@epa.gov; joseph.c.casas@nasa.gov; kcopenha@uic.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 263 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400065 ER PT S AU Landers, DH AF Landers, Dixon H. BE Allen-Gil, S Stelljes, L Borysova, O TI THE ROLE OF TRANS-DISCIPLINARY SKILLS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SCIENCE SO ADDRESSING GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY THROUGH INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL CURRICULA SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Rethinking Higher Education to Meet the New Challenges of Environmental Security CY MAY 21-25, 2008 CL Kharkiv, UKRAINE SP NATO DE ecosystem services; environmental education; environmental security; social-ecological networks AB In the past four decades there have been tremendous changes in how environmental scientists address issues relating to societal needs. In the early 1980s, interdisciplinary work involved one or two related science disciplines in combination to evaluate national issues. As the success of interdisciplinary environmental science efforts was demonstrated and institutional boundaries were successfully crossed, great institutional progress was made. Many universities created Biological Science or Environmental Science Departments or even Schools and began to smear or fully obliterate some long-established disciplinary lines. However, Interdisciplinary Ph.D. graduates were scarce or not necessarily encouraged and leaders in these new efforts were generally those from disciplines that relied, inherently, on interdisciplinary perspectives. Now, in 2008, with the general movement to recognize the importance of ecosystem services to society and to value these services from the perspective of human well-being, another threshold looms that requires a trans-disciplinary perspective. The rewards to individuals as well as society in developing functionality with respect to transdisciplinary approaches are many and essential to continue to make progress in understanding and solving environmental problems that continue to become more complex. C1 [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Landers.Dixon@epa.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-9312-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2009 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9314-2_8 PG 9 WC Ecology; Education & Educational Research; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Education & Educational Research GA BIZ13 UT WOS:000263875100008 ER PT S AU Scheckel, KG Chaney, RL Basta, NT Ryan, JA AF Scheckel, Kirk G. Chaney, Rufus L. Basta, Nicholas T. Ryan, James A. BE Sparks, DL TI ADVANCES IN ASSESSING BIOAVAILABILITY OF METAL(LOID)S IN CONTAMINATED SOILS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOLUME 104 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; BIOSOLIDS-COMPOST AMENDMENT; VARYING PH CONDITIONS; IN-SITU REMEDIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; ARSENIC BIOAVAILABILITY; ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY AB The term bioavailability has many different meanings across various disciplines of toxicology and pharmacology. Often bioavailability is concerned with human health aspects such in the case of lead (Pb) ingestion by children. However, some of the most contaminated sites are found in nonpublic access facilities (Department of Defense or Energy) or in remote regions as a result of mining or industrial practices in which ecoreceptors such as plants, animals, and soil organisms are the primary concerns as well as the potential for food-chain transfer. In all cases, the endpoint requires movement of the element across a biological barrier. The still utilized approach to base risk assessment on total metal content in soils is an outdated endeavor and has never been proved to be scientifically sound. Yet to reverse this trend, much work is required to establish baseline bioavailability measurements and to develop complementary methods that are capable of predicting bioavailability across a whole range of impacted media in a cost-efficient manner. Thus, regulators have recognized site-specific human health risk assessments play a key role in decision-making processes at contaminated sites. Bioavailability issues surrounding metal-contaminated soils and media have been an area of intense research. For obvious ethical reasons, we cannot solicit humans, in particular the sensitive population of children, from the general population for experimental purposes to examine the long-term harmful effect of metals in soils. However, some adult human feeding studies have been accomplished under tight medical supervision and with very small doses. One option to understand and relate bioavailability in humans is to employ animal surrogates; however, the physiology of most animals is different than that: of humans but good correlations have been achieved despite the dose-response paradigm not being identical. The biggest drawback of in vivo studies to examine metal bioavailability to an appropriate ecoreceptor, be it human, plant, or soil organism, is the tremendous cost and time involved relative to chemical and physical surrogates. Chemical surrogate methods generally only require knowledge of the total metal content so that a percent bioaccessible number can be generated from in vitro extractions that simulate digestive systems or mimic responses to sensitive ecoreceptors. However, there is not a consensus as, to which of the many in vitro methods is the best analogy to an ecoreceptor uptake and the same can be said for in vivo animal models to mimic human response as well. Further, there is yet to be a single in vitro method that can account for more than a few elements for a specific exposure pathway (e.g., Pb and/or arsenic (AS) for human health). These in vitro tests require honest and accurate validation against in vivo bioavailability measurements, but most of all would benefit from metal speciation methods to identify the forms of metals allowing their release. Adaptation of spectroscopic speciation techniques to identify metal(loid) phases is extremely beneficial in bioavailability research to understand the variability of biologically available metal uptake, to manipulate the ecosystem to reduce bioavailability via in situ amendments, to monitor the long-term stability of elements to ensure bioavailability indicators do not change over time, and to develop comprehensive predictive models based on speciation. C1 [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Basta, Nicholas T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 160 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374820-1 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2009 VL 104 BP 1 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(09)04001-2 PG 52 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BLU03 UT WOS:000271012200001 ER PT S AU Shears, SB AF Shears, Stephen B. BE Weber, G Forrest Weber, CE Cocco, L TI Molecular basis for the integration of inositol phosphate signaling pathways via human ITPK1 SO ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION, VOL 49 SE ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Symposium on Regulation of Enzyme Activity and Synthesis in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues CY SEP 22-23, 2008 CL Univ Bologna, Bologna, ITALY HO Univ Bologna ID ACTIVATED CHLORIDE CHANNELS; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C ACTIVITY; MAMMARY-TUMOR CELLS; 1,3,4-TRISPHOSPHATE 5/6-KINASE; MYOINOSITOL 1,3,4,5,6-PENTAKISPHOSPHATE; 1,3,4,6-TETRAKISPHOSPHATE 5-KINASE; COP9 SIGNALOSOME; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositol Signaling Sect, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,DHSS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shears, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositol Signaling Sect, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,DHSS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shears@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES080046-19] NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0065-2571 J9 ADV ENZYME REGUL PY 2009 VL 49 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2008.12.008 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BKL62 UT WOS:000268442700008 PM 19200440 ER PT J AU La Merrill, M Baston, DS Denison, MS Birnbaum, LS Pomp, D Threadgill, DW AF La Merrill, Michele Baston, David S. Denison, Michael S. Birnbaum, Linda S. Pomp, Daniel Threadgill, David W. TI Mouse breast cancer model-dependent changes in metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes caused by maternal dioxin exposure and dietary fat SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE obesity; metabolic syndrome; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Tg(MMTV-Neu)202Mul/J; TgN(MMTV-PyMT)634Mul/J; dimethylbenz[a]anthracene ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; OPERATION RANCH HAND; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; TRANSGENIC MICE; INDUCED OBESITY; MAMMARY-TUMORS; CURVE ANALYSIS; FOLLOW-UP; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR AB La Merrill M, Baston DS, Denison MS, Birnbaum LS, Pomp D, Threadgill DW. Mouse breast cancer model-dependent changes in metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes caused by maternal dioxin exposure and dietary fat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296: E203-E210, 2009. First published October 7, 2008; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.90368.2008.-Diets high in fat are associated with increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Increased adipose tissue that is caused by high-fat diets (HFD) results in altered storage of lipophilic toxicants like 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD), which may further increase susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. Because both TCDD and HFD are associated with increased breast cancer risk, we examined their effects on metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes in three mouse models of breast cancer: 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene ( DMBA), Tg(MMTV-Neu)202Mul/J (HER2), and TgN(MMTV-PyMT)634Mul/J (PyMT), all on an FVB/N genetic background. Pregnant mice dosed with 1 mu g/kg of TCDD or vehicle on gestational day 12.5 were placed on a HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) at parturition. Body weights, percent body fat, and fasting blood glucose were measured longitudinally, and triglycerides were measured at study termination. On HFD, all cancer models reached the pubertal growth spurt ahead of FVB controls. Among mice fed HFD, the HER2 model had a greater increase in body weight and adipose tissue from puberty through adulthood compared with the PyMT and DMBA models. However, the DMBA model consistently had higher fasting blood glucose levels than the PyMT and HER2 models. TCDD only impacted serum triglycerides in the PyMT model maintained on HFD. Because the estrogenic activity of the HFD was three times lower than that of the LFD, differential dietary estrogenic activities did not drive the observed phenotypic differences. Rather, the HFD-dependent changes were cancer model dependent. These results show that cancer models can have differential effects on metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes even before cancers arise. C1 [La Merrill, Michele; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Pomp, Daniel; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Pomp, Daniel; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Hlth & Susceptibil, Clin Nutr Res Unit, Lineberger Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Pomp, Daniel; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Ctr Genome Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pomp, Daniel] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pomp, Daniel] Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Mol Physiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, United States Environm Protect Agcy, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Baston, David S.; Denison, Michael S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Threadgill, DW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, CB 7264, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dwt@med.unc.edu RI Threadgill, David/N-4425-2013 OI Threadgill, David/0000-0003-3538-1635 FU National Cancer Institute [U01CA105417]; Department of Defense [BC050873]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32ES-007126]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-56350]; Superfund Basic Research [P42E-S004699]; National Institutes of Health Center [P30ES-010126, P30DK-056350, P30CA-016086] FX This work was supported by National Cancer Institute grant (U01CA105417) to D.W. Threadgill; Department of Defense Fellowship (BC050873) to M. La Merrill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Training Grant (T32ES-007126); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant (DK-56350); Superfund Basic Research Grant (P42E-S004699) to M. S. Denison; and National Institutes of Health Center Grants (P30ES-010126, P30DK-056350, and P30CA-016086). NR 50 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 296 IS 1 BP E203 EP E210 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.90368.2008 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 388XU UT WOS:000262054400023 PM 18840765 ER PT J AU Alexis, NE Lay, JC Peden, DB Rappold, A Devlin, RB AF Alexis, N. E. Lay, J. C. Peden, D. B. Rappold, A. Devlin, R. B. TI Coarse CAPs (PM2.5-10) Induce Neutrophilic Airways Inflammation and Modify BAL Cell Surface Phenotypes in Asthmatics. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alexis, N. E.; Lay, J. C.; Peden, D. B.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Rappold, A.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM neil_alexis@med.unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3159 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102394 ER PT J AU Carll, AP Haykal-Coates, N Winsett, DW Hazari, MS Ledbetter, AD Callaway, J Richards, JH Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Carll, A. P. Haykal-Coates, N. Winsett, D. W. Hazari, M. S. Ledbetter, A. D. Callaway, J. Richards, J. H. Costa, D. L. Farraj, A. K. TI Acute Exposure to Particulate Matter (PM) Alters Physiologic and Toxicologic Endpoints in a Rat Model of Heart Failure. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carll, A. P.; Callaway, J.] UNC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Haykal-Coates, N.; Winsett, D. W.; Hazari, M. S.; Ledbetter, A. D.; Richards, J. H.; Farraj, A. K.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Costa, D. L.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM carll@unc.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3145 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102380 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Tong, H McGee, J Baldauf, R Gilmour, MI AF Cho, S-H Tong, H. McGee, J. Baldauf, R. Gilmour, M. I. TI Cardiopulmonary Toxicity of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter Obtained at Different Distances from a Highway. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cho, S-H; Tong, H.; McGee, J.; Baldauf, R.; Gilmour, M. I.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cho.seung-hyun@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3148 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102383 ER PT J AU D'Armiento, JM Islam, M Ghio, A Foronjy, RF AF D'Armiento, J. M. Islam, M. Ghio, A. Foronjy, R. F. TI Markers of Matrix Remodeling Are Increased in Emphysema Patients Despite Smoking Cessation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [D'Armiento, J. M.; Islam, M.; Foronjy, R. F.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Ghio, A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jmd12@columbia.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3786 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103139 ER PT J AU Farraj, AK Winsett, DW Haykal-Coates, N Hazari, MS Carll, AP Lamb, C Costa, DL AF Farraj, A. K. Winsett, D. W. Haykal-Coates, N. Hazari, M. S. Carll, A. P. Lamb, C. Costa, D. L. TI Amifostine Pre-Treatment Attenuates Lung Injury, but Not Inflammation, in Rats Intracheally Instilled with Particulate Matter Rich in Transition Metals SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Farraj, A. K.; Winsett, D. W.; Haykal-Coates, N.; Hazari, M. S.; Costa, D. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Carll, A. P.; Lamb, C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM farraj.aimen@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3166 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102401 ER PT J AU Garantziotis, S Stober, V Kornepati, A Siryaporn, E Lim, YP Zhuo, L Kimata, K AF Garantziotis, S. Stober, V. Kornepati, A. Siryaporn, E. Lim, Y. P. Zhuo, L. Kimata, K. TI Inter-alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Endothelial Injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garantziotis, S.; Stober, V.; Kornepati, A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Siryaporn, E.; Lim, Y. P.] Brown Univ, East Providence, RI USA. [Siryaporn, E.; Lim, Y. P.] ProThera Biol Inc, East Providence, RI USA. [Zhuo, L.; Kimata, K.] Aichi Med Univ, Nakagute, Aichi, Japan. EM garantziotis@niehs.nih.gov RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3059 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102294 ER PT J AU Hazari, MS Haykal-Coates, N Winsett, DW Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Hazari, M. S. Haykal-Coates, N. Winsett, D. W. Costa, D. L. Farraj, A. K. TI Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure Prevents Airways Hyperresponsiveness Following a Single Inhalation Exposure to Transition Metal-Rich Particulate Matter in Hypertensive Rats. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hazari, M. S.; Haykal-Coates, N.; Winsett, D. W.; Costa, D. L.; Farraj, A. K.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM hazari.mehdi@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A6036 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733105627 ER PT J AU Hazari, MS Haykal-Coates, N Winsett, DW Farraj, AK Costa, DL AF Hazari, M. S. Haykal-Coates, N. Winsett, D. W. Farraj, A. K. Costa, D. L. TI Acrolein Causes TRPA1-Mediated Sensory Irritation and Indirect Potentiation of TRPV1-Mediated Pulmonary Chemoreflex Response. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hazari, M. S.; Haykal-Coates, N.; Winsett, D. W.; Farraj, A. K.; Costa, D. L.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hazari.mehdi@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3152 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102387 ER PT J AU Huang, JJ Soukup, JM Malakauskas, SM Le, TH Karoly, E Huang, YC Ghio, AJ AF Huang, J. J. Soukup, J. M. Malakauskas, S. M. Le, T. H. Karoly, E. Huang, Y. C. Ghio, A. J. TI Lavage Leptin Concentrations Increase with Body Mass Index in Healthy Volunteers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huang, J. J.; Soukup, J. M.; Karoly, E.; Ghio, A. J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Malakauskas, S. M.; Le, T. H.; Huang, Y. C.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5532 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733105123 ER PT J AU Huang, YC Schmitt, M Yang, Z Que, LG Stewart, J Frampton, MW Devlin, RB AF Huang, Y. C. Schmitt, M. Yang, Z. Que, L. G. Stewart, J. Frampton, M. W. Devlin, R. B. TI Gene Expression in Circulating Mononuclear Cells after Ultrafine Carbon Particle Exposure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huang, Y. C.; Yang, Z.; Que, L. G.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Stewart, J.; Frampton, M. W.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Schmitt, M.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Div Environm & Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM huang002@notes.duke.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1674 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100674 ER PT J AU Huang, YC Schmitt, M Dailey, LA Devlin, RB AF Huang, Y. C. Schmitt, M. Dailey, L. A. Devlin, R. B. TI Gene Expression Signatures Associated with Coarse, Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huang, Y. C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Schmitt, M.; Dailey, L. A.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Div Environm & Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM huang002@notes.duke.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1673 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100673 ER PT J AU Long, RA Palmer, SM Snyder, LR Stober, V Hollingsworth, JW Li, Z Bortner, C Jiang, D Noble, PW Garantziotis, S AF Long, R. A. Palmer, S. M. Snyder, L. R. Stober, V. Hollingsworth, J. W. Li, Z. Bortner, C. Jiang, D. Noble, P. W. Garantziotis, S. TI Bronchial Epithelial Injury in the Context of Alloimmunity Promotes Lymphocytic Bronchiolitis Via Hyaluronan Expression SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Long, R. A.; Stober, V.; Bortner, C.; Garantziotis, S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Palmer, S. M.; Snyder, L. R.; Hollingsworth, J. W.; Li, Z.; Jiang, D.; Noble, P. W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. EM longr2@niehs.nih.gov RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A5630 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733105221 ER PT J AU Rappold, AG Alexis, N Graff, D Cascio, WE Devlin, RB AF Rappold, A. G. Alexis, N. Graff, D. Cascio, W. E. Devlin, R. B. TI Cardiopulmonary Changes in Asthmatics Exposed to Concentrated Ambient Coarse Particles (CAPS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rappold, A. G.; Graff, D.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Enviorm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Alexis, N.] UNC, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cascio, W. E.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM rappold.ana@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1180 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100181 ER PT J AU Reif, DM Gallagher, JE Hubal, EC Neas, LM Hudgens, EE Heidenfelder, BL Edwards, SW AF Reif, D. M. Gallagher, J. E. Hubal, E. Cohen Neas, L. M. Hudgens, E. E. Heidenfelder, B. L. Edwards, S. W. TI Integrated Analysis of Blood Gene Expression Data with Demographic, Clinical, and Environmental Exposure Information To Identify Subtypes of Childhood Asthma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reif, D. M.; Gallagher, J. E.; Hubal, E. Cohen; Neas, L. M.; Hudgens, E. E.; Heidenfelder, B. L.; Edwards, S. W.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. EM reif.david@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A2757 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733101876 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MT Graff, DW Rappold, AG Hinderliter, A Devlin, RB AF Schmitt, M. T. Graff, D. W. Rappold, A. G. Hinderliter, A. Devlin, R. B. TI Cardiovascular Changes in People with Metabolic Syndrome Exposed to Concentrated Ambient Ultrafine Particles (CAPS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schmitt, M. T.; Rappold, A. G.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Graff, D. W.] MDS Pharma Serv Inc, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hinderliter, A.] UNC, SOM, Dept Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM schmitt.mike@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1181 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733100182 ER PT J AU Sharkhuu, T Linak, WP Krantz, QT Gilmour, MI AF Sharkhuu, T. Linak, W. P. Krantz, Q. T. Gilmour, M. I. TI The Effect of In Utero Diesel Exhaust (DE) Exposure on Development of Allergic Inflammation in Offspring. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Linak, W. P.; Krantz, Q. T.; Gilmour, M. I.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM tuya_sh@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A4234 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103587 ER PT J AU Silbajoris, R Tal, TL Simmons, S Osornio-Vargas, AR Samet, JM AF Silbajoris, R. Tal, T. L. Simmons, S. Osornio-Vargas, A. R. Samet, J. M. TI Exposure to Mexicali PM Induces NF kappa beta-Dependent Il-8 Transcriptional Activity in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Silbajoris, R.; Samet, J. M.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tal, T. L.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Simmons, S.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Osornio-Vargas, A. R.] Inst Nacl Cancerol, Mexico City, Mexicali, Mexico. RI Osornio Vargas, Alvaro/B-4645-2010 OI Osornio Vargas, Alvaro/0000-0001-8287-7102 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3151 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102386 ER PT J AU Tong, H Bassett, M Schmitt, M Graff, D Hinderliter, AL Devlin, RB Samet, JM AF Tong, H. Bassett, M. Schmitt, M. Graff, D. Hinderliter, A. L. Devlin, R. B. Samet, J. M. TI Inhalation of Diesel Exhaust Induces Acute Arterial Vasoconstriction in Healthy Volunteers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tong, H.; Bassett, M.; Schmitt, M.; Devlin, R. B.; Samet, J. M.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Graff, D.] MDSInc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hinderliter, A. L.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM tong.haiyan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A6106 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733105697 ER PT J AU Tong, H Gilmour, MI Samet, JM Devlin, RB AF Tong, H. Gilmour, M. I. Samet, J. M. Devlin, R. B. TI Ultrafine Ambient Particulate Matter Enhances Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tong, H.; Gilmour, M. I.; Samet, J. M.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM tong.haiyan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3147 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102382 ER PT J AU Volckens, J Walters, G Dailey, L Devlin, R AF Volckens, J. Walters, G. Dailey, L. Devlin, R. TI Direct, Air-to-Cell Deposition of Coarse Particulate Matter Increases the Inflammatory Response In Vitro SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Volckens, J.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Walters, G.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dailey, L.; Devlin, R.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM john.volckens@colostate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3177 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102412 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Ledbetter, AD Evansky, PA Gilmour, MI AF Zhu, W. Ledbetter, A. D. Evansky, P. A. Gilmour, M. I. TI Acrolein Exposure Blocks Down-Regulation of Cytokines and IgE Antibody in a Mucosal Tolerance Model but Does Not Alter Phenotypic Markers of Allergic Lung Disease. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ledbetter, A. D.; Evansky, P. A.; Gilmour, M. I.] EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Zhu, W.] Univ North Carolina CH, Capel Hill, NC USA. EM zhu.weiyan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3157 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102392 ER PT J AU Kasarskis, EJ Lindquist, JH Coffman, CJ Grambow, SC Feussner, JR Allen, KD Oddone, EZ Kamins, KA Horner, RD AF Kasarskis, Edward J. Lindquist, Jennifer H. Coffman, Cynthia J. Grambow, Steven C. Feussner, John R. Allen, Kelli D. Oddone, Eugene Z. Kamins, Kimberly A. Horner, Ronnie D. CA ALS Gulf War Clinical Review Team TI Clinical aspects of ALS in Gulf War Veterans SO AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE ALS; epidemiology; cohort studies; risk factors ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; 2 DANISH COUNTIES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; NATURAL-HISTORY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROVINCE; SURVIVAL; PROGNOSIS; PROGRESSION AB The increased incidence of ALS in military veterans of the first Persian Gulf War raised speculation that they may have a 'Persian Gulf' variant of ALS with atypical clinical features. Medical records of military veterans with ALS, previously identified in our epidemiological study, were evaluated for clinical features (age and site of onset, race, unexplained atypical findings) and ventilator-free survival. Comparisons between deployed versus non-deployed cohorts were made with deployment status based on designation by the Department of Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) or by self-report. Other than the young age of onset in both cohorts (40.8 years overall mean; 40.1 years for DMDC deployed, 41.2 years for DMDC non-deployed), review of the medical records failed to document any atypical features. After adjusting for bulbar onset, median survival from symptom onset in those 40 years of age was 35.5 months (2.96 years) compared to 64.7 months (5.39 years) in the group 40 years of age (hazard ratio (HR)=0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.73, p=0.0006). After adjusting for age, median survival was 45.4 months (3.78 years) and 54.8 months (4.57 years) in bulbar- versus non-bulbar onset groups, respectively (HR=1.41, 95% CI 0.83-2.39, p=0.20). After adjusting for age and site of onset, deployed veterans had significantly shorter survival than non-deployed (40.2 vs. 57.0 months, HR=0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96, p=0.03) using DMDC data. In conclusion, although veterans developing ALS after deployment to the Persian Gulf in 1990-1991 exhibited otherwise typical clinical features, they experienced shorter ventilator-free survival than non-deployed veterans. C1 [Kasarskis, Edward J.] Lexington VA Med Ctr, Div Neurol, Lexington, KY USA. [Kasarskis, Edward J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Neurol, Lexington, KY USA. [Kasarskis, Edward J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Toxicol, Lexington, KY USA. [Kasarskis, Edward J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Nutr, Lexington, KY USA. [Lindquist, Jennifer H.] Durham VA Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Durham, NC USA. [Coffman, Cynthia J.; Grambow, Steven C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. [Feussner, John R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Allen, Kelli D.; Oddone, Eugene Z.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Kamins, Kimberly A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Horner, Ronnie D.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Kasarskis, EJ (reprint author), Neurol Serv 127, 1101 Vet Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM ejkas@uky.edu RI Grambow, Steven/E-1422-2015 OI Grambow, Steven/0000-0001-6037-3253 FU VA Cooperative Studies Program 500; Cynthia Shaw Crispen ALS Endowment FX The authors thank the individuals who contributed to the study at various stages including: M. Lyon (formerly with the ALS Association), D. Howard, D. Barrett (Center for Disease Control), M. Dove (DMDC), M. A. K. Ryan, P. Spencer (University of Oregon), V. Palmer, T. Elza Mims, L. Dempsey-Hall, and H. Rowe. The study was supported by VA Cooperative Studies Program 500 and the Cynthia Shaw Crispen ALS Endowment. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1748-2968 J9 AMYOTROPH LATERAL SC JI Amyotroph. Lateral. Scler. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 AR PII 902483959 DI 10.1080/17482960802351029 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 399FW UT WOS:000262786800004 PM 18792848 ER PT J AU Parsons, HM Ekman, DR Collette, TW Viant, MR AF Parsons, Helen M. Ekman, Drew R. Collette, Timothy W. Viant, Mark R. TI Spectral relative standard deviation: a practical benchmark in metabolomics SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NMR METABOLOMICS; NORMALIZATION; URINE; CLASSIFICATION; EXTRACTION; EXPOSURES; ACCURACY; SERUM AB Metabolomics datasets, by definition, comprise of measurements of large numbers of metabolites. Both technical (analytical) and biological factors will induce variation within these measurements that is not consistent across all metabolites. Consequently, criteria are required to assess the reproducibility of metabolomics datasets that are derived from all the detected metabolites. Here we calculate spectrum-wide relative standard deviations (RSDs; also termed coefficient of variation, CV) for ten metabolomics datasets, spanning a variety of sample types from mammals, fish, invertebrates and a cell line, and display them succinctly as boxplots. We demonstrate multiple applications of spectral RSDs for characterising technical as well as inter-individual biological variation: for optimising metabolite extractions, comparing analytical techniques, investigating matrix effects, and comparing biofluids and tissue extracts from single and multiple species for optimising experimental design. Technical variation within metabolomics datasets, recorded using one- and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectrometry, ranges from 1.6 to 20.6% (reported as the median spectral RSD). Inter-individual biological variation is typically larger, ranging from as low as 7.2% for tissue extracts from laboratory-housed rats to 58.4% for fish plasma. In addition, for some of the datasets we confirm that the spectral RSD values are largely invariant across different spectral processing methods, such as baseline correction, normalisation and binning resolution. In conclusion, we propose spectral RSDs and their median values contained herein as practical benchmarks for metabolomics studies. C1 [Parsons, Helen M.; Viant, Mark R.] Univ Birmingham, Ctr Syst Biol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Ekman, Drew R.; Collette, Timothy W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Viant, Mark R.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Viant, MR (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Ctr Syst Biol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM M.Viant@bham.ac.uk RI Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009; OI Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119; Parsons, Helen/0000-0002-2765-3728 FU EPSRC; NERC [NER/J/S/2002/00618] FX This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 22 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2009 VL 134 IS 3 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1039/b808986h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 410VI UT WOS:000263606000010 PM 19238283 ER PT J AU Levine, KE Stout, MD Ross, GT Essader, AS Perlmutter, JM Grohse, PM Fernando, RA Lang, M Collins, BJ AF Levine, Keith E. Stout, Matthew D. Ross, Glenn T. Essader, Amal S. Perlmutter, Jason M. Grohse, Peter M. Fernando, Reshan A. Lang, Michelle Collins, Bradley J. TI Validation of a Method for the Determination of Total Chromium in Rat Feces by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chromium; feces; inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ID TOXICITY; CARCINOGENICITY; HUMANS AB The validation of a method for the determination of total chromium in Fischer-344 rat feces by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry following a rapid, atmospheric-pressure microwave digestion is described. The performance of the method was evaluated over the concentration range of 5.00 to 200 mu g Cr/g feces. Data for method linearity, accuracy, precision, digest stability, and storage stability are presented along with limit of detection and limit of quantitation data. Data from a cross-validation method for B6C3F1 mouse feces are also presented. Following validation, the method was applied to analyze samples collected in support of two chronic toxicological investigations. C1 [Levine, Keith E.; Ross, Glenn T.; Essader, Amal S.; Perlmutter, Jason M.; Grohse, Peter M.; Fernando, Reshan A.; Lang, Michelle] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stout, Matthew D.; Collins, Bradley J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Levine, KE (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM levine@rti.org FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health [N01-ES-05455, N01-ES-65554] FX The analytical work was funded in full by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Contract Numbers N01-ES-05455 and N01-ES-65554. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2009 VL 42 IS 17 BP 2729 EP 2746 AR PII 916481324 DI 10.1080/00032710902721931 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 515XZ UT WOS:000271507500001 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS French, JB Rossmann, R Haebler, R AF Bennett, Richard S. French, John B., Jr. Rossmann, Ronald Haebler, Romona TI Dietary Toxicity and Tissue Accumulation of Methylmercury in American Kestrels SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; MERCURY; SOIL; FEATHERS; MOLT AB American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed meat diets containing 0, 3, 6, or 12 ppm (dry weight) methylmercury chloride. Birds fed the 12-ppm diet started to show signs of neurotoxicity after 26 days and all died in 39-49 days. One male kestrel fed the 6-ppm diet died after 75 days of exposure and several others showed signs of neurotoxicity after 45 days. None of the birds fed the 3-ppm diet died or showed signs of toxicity. After 59 days of exposure, mercury concentrations in the liver, kidney, and blood of nonreproducing kestrels increased with increasing dietary concentration. Tissue concentrations of mercury also steadily increased over time in birds fed diets with 6 ppm mercury, which were necropsied at 8, 15, 29, or 59 days of exposure, reaching mean total mercury concentrations of 57, 46, and 45 ppm (wet weight) at 59 days in the liver, kidney, and whole blood, respectively. Two pairs of kestrels at each dietary concentration were allowed to breed. Eggs averaged 8.3 and 18.1 ppm (wet weight) total mercury from birds fed 3- and 6-ppm diets, respectively. Feathers grown during mercury exposure contained high concentrations of mercury: Birds fed 3- and 6-ppm diets contained 275 and 542 ppm total mercury, respectively. C1 [Bennett, Richard S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [French, John B., Jr.] Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Gross Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Haebler, Romona] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Bennett, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bennett.rick@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Dawn Graham, Wayne Bauer, Gary Heinz, and David Hoffman for assistance and input throughout the study. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US government. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9168-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 387GA UT WOS:000261938500016 PM 18418644 ER PT J AU Smith, K Pan, HJ Hondrogiannis, G Mamantov, A Pagni, RM AF Smith, Kenneth Pan, Hongjun Hondrogiannis, George Mamantov, Andrew Pagni, Richard M. TI The use of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy to determine the rates of and activation parameters for the 3,2-hydride shift in the 2-norboryn cation SO ARKIVOC LA English DT Article DE 2-Norbornyl cation; 3,2-hydride shift; EXSY; rates; activation parameters AB Quantitative two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy has been used to determine the rates of and activation parameters for the 3,2-hydride shift in the 2-norbornyl cation. The results compare favorably with the published values obtained by line shape analysis. C1 [Smith, Kenneth; Pan, Hongjun; Hondrogiannis, George; Pagni, Richard M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mamantov, Andrew] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pagni, RM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rpagni@utk.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ARKAT USA INC PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O ALAN R KATRITZKY, UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT CHEMISTRY, PO BOX 117200, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA SN 1424-6376 J9 ARKIVOC JI Arkivoc PY 2009 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 433GG UT WOS:000265191700009 ER PT B AU Cellier, P Theobald, MR Asman, W Bealey, W Bittman, S Dragosits, U Fudala, J Jones, M Lofstrom, P Loubet, B Misselbrook, T Rihm, B Smith, K Strizik, M van der Hoek, K van Jaarsveld, H Walker, J Zelinger, Z AF Cellier, Pierre Theobald, Mark R. Asman, Willem Bealey, William Bittman, Shabtai Dragosits, Ulrike Fudala, Janina Jones, Matthew Lofstrom, Per Loubet, Benjamin Misselbrook, Tom Rihm, Beat Smith, Ken Strizik, Michal van der Hoek, Klaas van Jaarsveld, Hans Walker, John Zelinger, Zdenek BE Sutton, MA Reis, S Baker, SMH TI Assessment Methods for Ammonia Hot-Spots SO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA: DETECTING EMISSION CHANGES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT UNECE Expert Workshop on Atmospheric Ammonia - Detecting Emission Changes and Environmental Impacts CY DEC 04-06, 2006 CL Scottish Govt, Victoria Quay, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP UNECE, COST 729, NitroEurope IP, Defra, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol HO Scottish Govt, Victoria Quay AB To date, most attention in modelling NH3 dispersion and deposition has focused on the regional and European scale, and little attention has been given to dealing with NH3 in hot-spot areas. The Working Group addressed the issue of hot-spots with four main objectives: Identify what are the main issues of hot-spots and their consequences at different scales. Review current modelling methods for accounting for NH; dispersion and deposition to hot-spots. Examine the status of methods for effect assessment and air monitoring in NH3 hot-spots. Recommend broad principles for assessment approaches in ammonia hot-spots, including spatial approaches and the interactions between transboundary ammonia emission reduction targets and other policy measures. C1 [Cellier, Pierre; Loubet, Benjamin] INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Environm & Grandes Cutlures, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Theobald, Mark R.; Bealey, William; Dragosits, Ulrike] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Asman, Willem] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Bittman, Shabtai] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacif Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC, Canada. [Fudala, Janina] Inst Ecol Ind Areas, PL-40844 Katowice, Poland. [Jones, Matthew; Walker, John] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lofstrom, Per] Natl Environ Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, DK-4000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Misselbrook, Tom] IGER, Soil Environ & Ecol Serv, North Wyke EX20 2SB, Okehampton, England. [Rihm, Beat] Meteotest, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Smith, Ken] ADAS UK Ltd, Integrated Water & Environ Management, Wolverhampton WV6 8TQ, W Midlands, England. [Strizik, Michal] Tech Univ Ostrava, Fac Safety Engn, Lab Risk Res & Management, CZ-70030 Ostrava, Czech Republic. [van der Hoek, Klaas] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [van Jaarsveld, Hans] Netherlands Environ Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Zelinger, Zdenek] Acad Sci Czech Republic, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Cellier, P (reprint author), INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Environm & Grandes Cutlures, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. EM cellier@bcgn.grignon.inra.fr; mrtheo@ceh.ac.uk; Willem.Asman@agrsci.dk; bib@ceh.ac.uk; bittmans@agr.gc.ca; ud@ceh.ac.uk; jfudala@ietu.katowice.pl; matjceh@yahoo.com; pl@dmu.dk; loubet@bcgn.grignon.inra.fr; Tom.Misselbrook@bbsrc.ac.uk; rihm@meteotest.ch; ken.smith@adas.co.uk; michal.strizik@vsb.cz; klaas.van.der.hoek@rivm.nl; hans.van.jaarsveld@mnp.nl; walker.johnt@epa.gov; zdenek.zelinger@jh-inst.cas.cz RI Dragosits, Ulrike/A-1842-2010; Jones, Matthew/A-1905-2010; Bealey, William/G-3986-2012; Sutton, Mark/K-2700-2012; Zelinger, Zdenek/G-5933-2014; Misselbrook, Tom/N-2385-2014; Theobald, Mark/F-6971-2016 OI Misselbrook, Tom/0000-0002-4594-3606; Theobald, Mark/0000-0002-8133-0532 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9120-9 PY 2009 BP 391 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9121-6_24 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJI89 UT WOS:000266236200024 ER PT J AU Wood, EC Herndon, SC Onasch, TB Kroll, JH Canagaratna, MR Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR Neuman, JA Seila, R Zavala, M Knighton, WB AF Wood, E. C. Herndon, S. C. Onasch, T. B. Kroll, J. H. Canagaratna, M. R. Kolb, C. E. Worsnop, D. R. Neuman, J. A. Seila, R. Zavala, M. Knighton, W. B. TI A case study of ozone production, nitrogen oxides, and the radical budget in Mexico City SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; MCMA-2003 FIELD CAMPAIGN; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENTS; NASHVILLE URBAN PLUME; POWER-PLANT PLUMES; METROPOLITAN-AREA; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; AMBIENT AEROSOLS; AIR-POLLUTION AB Observations at a mountain-top site within the Mexico City basin are used to characterize ozone production and destruction, nitrogen oxide speciation and chemistry, and the radical budget, with an emphasis on a stagnant air mass observed on one afternoon. The observations compare well with the results of recent photochemical models. An ozone production rate of similar to 50 ppbv/h was observed in a stagnant air mass during the afternoon of 12 March 2006, which is among the highest observed anywhere in the world. Approximately half of the ozone destruction was due to the oxidation of NO2. During this time period ozone production was VOC-limited, deduced by a comparison of the radical production rates and the formation rate of NOx oxidation products (NOz). For [NOx]/[NOy] values between 0.2 and 0.8, gas-phase HNO3 typically accounted for less than 10% of NOz and accumulation-mode particulate nitrate (NO3(PM1)-) accounted for 20%-70% of NOz, consistent with high ambient NH3 concentrations. The fraction of NOz accounted for by the sum of HNO3(g) and NO3(PM1)- decreased with photochemical processing. This decrease is apparent even when dry deposition of HNO3 is accounted for, and indicates that HNO3 formation decreased relative to other NOx "sink" processes during the first 12 h of photochemistry and/or a significant fraction of the nitrate was associated with the coarse aerosol size mode. The ozone production efficiency of NOx on 11 and 12 March 2006 was approximately 7 on a time scale of one day. A new metric for ozone production efficiency that relates the dilution-adjusted ozone mixing ratio to cumulative OH exposure is proposed. C1 [Wood, E. C.; Herndon, S. C.; Onasch, T. B.; Kroll, J. H.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Kolb, C. E.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Neuman, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Seila, R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zavala, M.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA USA. [Knighton, W. B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Wood, EC (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM ezrawood@aerodyne.com RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; FU NSF [ATM-528227, ATM-0528170]; DOE [DEFGO2-05ER63982, DE-FGO2-05ER63980] FX This work was funded in part by NSF grants (ATM-528227 & ATM-0528170) and DOE grants (DEFGO2-05ER63982 & DE-FGO2-05ER63980). We gratefully acknowledge Luisa Molina and Linsey Marr for providing the two chemiluminescence analyzers. We thank Manuel Quinones of Televisa for providing power and on-site support at PTP, Rafael Ramos for logistical assistance, Sasha Madronich of NCAR for assistance with the TUV model, and Delphine Farmer for helpful conversations. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 84 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2499 EP 2516 DI 10.5194/acp-9-2499-2009 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 431YL UT WOS:000265100600015 ER PT J AU Carlton, AG Wiedinmyer, C Kroll, JH AF Carlton, A. G. Wiedinmyer, C. Kroll, J. H. TI A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GAS-PHASE REACTION; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLOBAL CO PRODUCTION; ALPHA-PINENE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PARTICLE-PHASE; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS AB Recent field and laboratory evidence indicates that the oxidation of isoprene, (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, C5H8) forms secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Global biogenic emissions of isoprene (600 Tg yr(-1)) are sufficiently large that the formation of SOA in even small yields results in substantial production of atmospheric particulate matter, likely having implications for air quality and climate. Here we present a review of field measurements, experimental work, and modeling studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms, yield, and atmospheric importance of isoprene-derived SOA. SOA yields depend on a number of factors, including organic aerosol loading (M-o), NOx level (RO2 chemistry), and, because of the importance of multigenerational chemistry, the degree of oxidation. These dependences are not always included in SOA modules used in atmospheric transport models, and instead most yield parameterizations rely on a single set of chamber experiments (carried out over a limited range of conditions); this may lead to very different estimates of the atmospheric importance of isoprene SOA. New yield parameterizations, based on all available laboratory data (M-o=0-50 mu g m(-3)), are presented here, so that SOA formation may be computed as a function of M-o, NOx level, and temperature. Current research needs and future research directions are identified. C1 [Carlton, A. G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kroll, J. H.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Carlton, AG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM carlton.annmarie@epa.gov RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507 FU US EPA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge useful conversations with K. Barsanti, J. Orlando, T. Kleindienst and P. Bhave. The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development ( partially funded and collaborated in) the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 146 TC 235 Z9 246 U1 24 U2 217 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 14 BP 4987 EP 5005 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 477RF UT WOS:000268535500030 ER PT J AU Reidmiller, DR Fiore, AM Jaffe, DA Bergmann, D Cuvelier, C Dentener, FJ Duncan, BN Folberth, G Gauss, M Gong, S Hess, P Jonson, JE Keating, T Lupu, A Marmer, E Park, R Schultz, MG Shindell, DT Szopa, S Vivanco, MG Wild, O Zuber, A AF Reidmiller, D. R. Fiore, A. M. Jaffe, D. A. Bergmann, D. Cuvelier, C. Dentener, F. J. Duncan, B. N. Folberth, G. Gauss, M. Gong, S. Hess, P. Jonson, J. E. Keating, T. Lupu, A. Marmer, E. Park, R. Schultz, M. G. Shindell, D. T. Szopa, S. Vivanco, M. G. Wild, O. Zuber, A. TI The influence of foreign vs. North American emissions on surface ozone in the US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; BACKGROUND OZONE; ASIAN EMISSIONS; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; MODEL AB As part of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP; < a href='http://www.htap.org' target='_blank'> http:// www.htap.org ) project, we analyze results from 15 global and 1 hemispheric chemical transport models and compare these to Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) observations in the United States (US) for 2001. Using the policy-relevant maximum daily 8-h average ozone (MDA8 O-3) statistic, the multi-model ensemble represents the observations well (mean r(2)=0.57, ensemble bias = +4.1 ppbv for all US regions and all seasons) despite a wide range in the individual model results. Correlations are strongest in the northeastern US during spring and fall (r(2)=0.68); and weakest in the midwestern US in summer (r(2)=0.46). However, large positive mean biases exist during summer for all eastern US regions, ranging from 10-20 ppbv, and a smaller negative bias is present in the western US during spring (similar to 3 ppbv). In nearly all other regions and seasons, the biases of the model ensemble simulations are < 5 ppbv. Sensitivity simulations in which anthropogenic O-3-precursor emissions (NOx + NMVOC + CO + aerosols) were decreased by 20% in four source regions: East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), Europe (EU) and North America (NA) show that the greatest response of MDA8 O-3 to the summed foreign emissions reductions occurs during spring in the West (0.9 ppbv reduction due to 20% emissions reductions from EA + SA + EU). East Asia is the largest contributor to MDA8 O-3 at all ranges of the O-3 distribution for most regions (typically similar to 0.45 ppbv) followed closely by Europe. The exception is in the northeastern US where emissions reductions in EU had a slightly greater influence than EA emissions, particularly in the middle of the MDA8 O-3 distribution (response of similar to 0.35 ppbv between 35-55 ppbv). EA and EU influences are both far greater (about 4x) than that from SA in all regions and seasons. In all regions and seasons O-3-precursor emissions reductions of 20% in the NA source region decrease MDA8 O-3 the most - by a factor of 2 to nearly 10 relative to foreign emissions reductions. The O-3 response to anthropogenic NA emissions is greatest in the eastern US during summer at the high end of the O-3 distribution (5-6 ppbv for 20% reductions). While the impact of foreign emissions on surface O-3 in the US is not negligible - and is of increasing concern given the recent growth in Asian emissions - domestic emissions reductions remain a far more effective means of decreasing MDA8 O-3 values, particularly those above 75 ppb (the current US standard). C1 [Reidmiller, D. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reidmiller, D. R.; Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Bothell, WA USA. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bergmann, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Cuvelier, C.; Dentener, F. J.; Marmer, E.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. [Duncan, B. N.] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Folberth, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Gauss, M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Gong, S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jonson, J. E.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Keating, T.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lupu, A.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, Julich, Germany. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Szopa, S.] IPSL, UVSQ, CNRS, CEA,Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Vivanco, M. G.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Zuber, A.] European Commiss, Environm Directorate Gen, Brussels, Belgium. [Hess, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Reidmiller, DR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dreidm@atmos.washington.edu RI Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Vivanco, Marta/L-9816-2014 OI Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Vivanco, Marta/0000-0002-5828-1859 FU NSF [ATM-0724327]; US DOE [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario Ministry of the Environment; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Spanish Ministry of the Environment; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development FX This work has been funded in large part by NSF grant ATM-0724327. The authors wish to thank Jenise Swall and Steve Howard (EPA) for providing daily MDA8 O3 CASTNet data from 1988 through 2004 and Tracey Holloway (University of Wisconsin) for many fruitful discussions and comments. CA and DB were supported primarily by the US DOE Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, BER) at LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344; BND from NASA MAP; AL from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Innovation Trust; MGV from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment; and RJP was partly supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-3205. NR 74 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 14 BP 5027 EP 5042 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 477RF UT WOS:000268535500032 ER PT J AU Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Jaoui, M Edney, EO AF Kleindienst, T. E. Lewandowski, M. Offenberg, J. H. Jaoui, M. Edney, E. O. TI The formation of secondary organic aerosol from the isoprene plus OH reaction in the absence of NOx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEROXY-RADICALS; INITIATED OXIDATION; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; AMBIENT PM2.5; PHOTOOXIDATION; QUANTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS AB The reaction of isoprene (C5H8) with hydroxyl radicals has been studied in the absence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to determine physical and chemical characteristics of the secondary organic aerosol formed. Experiments were conducted using a smog chamber operated in a steady-state mode permitting measurements of moderately low aerosol levels. GC-MS analysis was conducted to measure methyl butenediols in the gas phase and polyols in the aerosol phase. Analyses were made to obtain several bulk aerosol parameters from the reaction including values for the organic mass to organic carbon ratio, the effective enthalpy of vaporization (Delta H-vap(eff)), organic peroxide fraction, and the aerosol yield. The gas phase analysis showed the presence of methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and four isomers of the methyl butenediols. These gas-phase compounds may serve as precursors for one or more of several compounds detected in the aerosol phase including 2-methylglyceric acid, three 2-methyl alkenetriols, and two 2-methyl tetrols. In contrast to most previous studies, the 2-methyl tetrols (and the 2-methyl alkenetriols) were found to form in the absence of acidic sulfate aerosol. However, reaction conditions did not favor the production of HO2 radicals, thus allowing RO2+RO2 reactions to proceed more readily than if higher HO2 levels had been generated. SOA/SOC (i.e. OM/OC) was found to average 1.9 in the absence of NOx. The effective enthalpy of vaporization was measured as 38.6 kJ mol(-1), consistent with values used previously in modeling studies. The yields in this work (using an independent technique than used previously) are lower than those of Kroll et al. (2006) for similar aerosol masses. SOC yields reported in this work range from 0.5-1.4% for carbon masses between 17 and 49 mu gC m(-3). C1 [Kleindienst, T. E.; Lewandowski, M.; Offenberg, J. H.; Edney, E. O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 56 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 17 BP 6541 EP 6558 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 493ZK UT WOS:000269778500019 ER PT J AU Reis, S Pinder, RW Zhang, M Lijie, G Sutton, MA AF Reis, S. Pinder, R. W. Zhang, M. Lijie, G. Sutton, M. A. TI Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA EMISSIONS; N2O EMISSIONS; FUEL COMBUSTION; NOX EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; CHINA; ASIA; RESOLUTION; MODEL; SO2 AB Excess reactive Nitrogen (Nr) has become one of the most pressing environmental problems leading to air pollution, acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems, biodiversity impacts, leaching of nitrates into groundwater and global warming. This paper investigates how current inventories cover emissions of Nr to the atmosphere in Europe, the United States of America, and China. The focus is on anthropogenic sources, assessing the state-of-the- art of quantifying emissions of Ammonia (NH3), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O), the different purposes for which inventories are compiled, and to which extent current inventories meet the needs of atmospheric dispersion modelling. The paper concludes with a discussion of uncertainties involved and a brief outlook on emerging trends in the three regions investigated is conducted. Key issues are substantial differences in the overall magnitude, but as well in the relative sectoral contribution of emissions in the inventories that have been assessed. While these can be explained by the use of different methodologies and underlying data (e.g. emission factors or activity rates), they may lead to quite different results when using the emission datasets to model ambient air quality or the deposition with atmospheric dispersion models. Hence, differences and uncertainties in emission inventories are not merely of academic interest, but can have direct policy implications when the development of policy actions is based on these model results. The level of uncertainty of emission estimates varies greatly between substances, regions and emission source sectors. This has implications for the direction of future research needs and indicates how existing gaps between modelled and measured concentration or deposition rates could be most efficiently addressed. The observed current trends in emissions display decreasing NOx emissions and only slight reductions for NH3 in both Europe and the US. However, in China projections indicate a steep increase of both. C1 [Reis, S.; Sutton, M. A.] CEH, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Pinder, R. W.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lijie, G.] Nankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Reis, S (reprint author), CEH, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. EM srei@ceh.ac.uk RI Reis, Stefan/E-4713-2011; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Sutton, Mark/K-2700-2012 OI Reis, Stefan/0000-0003-2428-8320; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; FU European Commission; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407303]; US EPA through its Office of Research and Development FX Most of the work described here has been supported by a range of research projects and ongoing activities, such as the European Commission funded research project NitroEurope IP, COST Action 729 the ESF Programme Nitrogen in Europe (NinE). The present paper is a contribution to activities under the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB407303). The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development (partially funded and collaborated in) the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The authors would further express their gratitude to the EDGAR team at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in Ispra for providing EDGAR v4 datasets for the analysis. NR 85 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 6 U2 54 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 19 BP 7657 EP 7677 DI 10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 506MT UT WOS:000270779700026 ER PT J AU Jacob, DJ Winner, DA AF Jacob, Daniel J. Winner, Darrell A. TI Effect of climate change on air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Climate change; Air quality; Air pollution meteorology; Ozone; Particulate matter; Mercury ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; FUTURE CLIMATE; URBAN AREAS; HEAT-WAVE; TRANSPORT; EUROPE; IMPACT AB Air quality is strongly dependent oil weather and is therefore sensitive to climate change. Recent studies have provided estimates of this climate effect through correlations of air quality with meteorological variables, perturbation analyses in chemical transport models (CTMs), and CTM simulations driven by general circulation model (GCM) simulations of 21st-century climate change. We review these different approaches and their results. The future climate is expected to be more stagnant, due to a weaker global Circulation and a decreasing frequency Of mid-latitude cyclones. The observed Correlation between surface ozone and temperature in polluted regions points to a detrimental effect of warming. Coupled GCM-CTM Studies find that climate change alone will increase summertime Surface ozone in Polluted regions by 1-10 ppb over the coming decades, with the largest effects in urban areas and during Pollution episodes. This climate penalty means that stronger emission controls will be needed to meet a given air quality standard. Higher water vapor in the future climate is expected to decrease the ozone background, so that pollution and background ozone have opposite sensitivities to climate change. The effect of climate change on Particulate matter (PM) is more complicated and uncertain than for ozone. Precipitation frequency and mixing depth are important driving factors but projections for these variables are often unreliable. GCM-CTM studies find that climate change will affect PM concentrations in polluted environments by +/- 0.1-1 mu g m(-3) over the coming decades, Wildfires fueled by climate change Could become an increasingly important PM source. Major issues that should be addressed in future research include the ability Of GCMs to Simulate regional air pollution meteorology and its sensitivity to climate change, the response of natural emissions to climate change, and the atmospheric chemistry of isoprene. Research needs to be undertaken on the effect of climate change on mercury, Particularly in view of the potential for a large increase in mercury soil emissions driven by increased respiration in boreal ecosystems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Winner, Darrell A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jacob, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM djacob@fas.harvard.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program [RD830959, RD833370] FX We thank Shiliang Wu and Loretta J. Mickley (Harvard), as well as two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. DJJ was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program through grants RD830959 and RD833370. Although this article has been reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily represent EPA policies or views. NR 104 TC 428 Z9 450 U1 66 U2 409 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390EP UT WOS:000262147400007 ER PT J AU Vallero, DA Peirce, J Cho, KD AF Vallero, Daniel A. Peirce, Jeffrey Cho, Ki Don TI Modeling toxic compounds from nitric oxide emission measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Organic chemicals; Soil pollution; Biodegradation; Monitoring ID FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; NITROUS-OXIDE; SOIL; TOLUENE; HYDROCARBONS; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSPORT; KINETICS AB Determining the amount and rate of degradation of toxic pollutants in soil and groundwater is difficult and often requires invasive techniques, such as deploying extensive monitoring well networks. Even with these networks, degradation rates across entire systems cannot readily be extrapolated from the samples. When organic compounds are degraded by microbes, especially nitrifying bacteria, oxides or nitrogen (NO(x)) are released to the atmosphere. Thus, the flux of nitric oxide (NO) from the soil to the lower troposphere can be used to predict the rate at which organic compounds are degraded. By characterizing and applying biogenic and anthropogenic processes in soils the rates of degradation of organic compounds. Toluene was selected as a representative of toxic aromatic compounds, since it is inherently toxic, it is a substituted benzene compound and is listed as a hazardous air pollutant under Section 12 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Measured toluene concentrations in soil, microbial population growth and NO fluxes in chamber studies were used to develop and parameterize a numerical model based on carbon and nitrogen cycling. These measurements, in turn, were used as indicators of bioremediation of air toxic (i.e. toluene) concentrations. The model found that chemical concentration, soil microbial abundance, and NO production can be directly related to the experimental results (significant at P < 0.01) for all toluene concentrations tested. This indicates that the model may prove useful in monitoring and predicting the fate of toxic aromatic contaminants in a complex soil system. It may also be useful in predicting the release of ozone precursors, such as changes in reservoirs of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. As such, the model may be a tool for decision makers in ozone non-attainment areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vallero, Daniel A.; Peirce, Jeffrey; Cho, Ki Don] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vallero, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vallero.daniel@epa.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.062 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401QK UT WOS:000262956500005 ER PT J AU Sahu, SK Yip, S Holland, DM AF Sahu, Sujit K. Yip, Stan Holland, David M. TI Improved space-time forecasting of next day ozone concentrations in the eastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian modeling; Data fusion; Hierarchical model; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Spatial interpolation ID SPATIAL INTERPOLATION; MODEL; EXPOSURE AB There is an urgent need to provide accurate air quality information and forecasts to the general public and environmental health decision-makers. This paper develops a hierarchical space-time model for daily 8-h maximum ozone concentration (O(3)) data covering much of the eastern United States. The model combines observed data and forecast output from a computer simulation model known as the Eta Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) forecast model in a very flexible, yet computationally fast way, so that the next day forecasts can be computed in real-time operational mode. The model adjusts for spatio-temporal biases in the Eta CMAQ forecasts and avoids a change of support problem often encountered in data fusion settings where real data have been observed at point level monitoring sites, but the forecasts from the computer model are provided at grid cell levels. The model is validated with a large amount of set-aside data and is shown to provide much improved forecasts of daily O(3) concentrations in the eastern United States. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sahu, Sujit K.] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Holland, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yip, Stan] Univ Exeter, Exeter Climate Syst, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. RP Sahu, SK (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM S.K.Sahu@soton.ac.uk OI Yip, Stan/0000-0003-3370-6694 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 494 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.028 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398ND UT WOS:000262737900003 ER PT J AU Tong, DQ Mathur, R Kang, DW Yu, SC Schere, KL Pouliot, G AF Tong, Daniel Q. Mathur, Rohit Kang, Daiwen Yu, Shaocai Schere, Kenneth L. Pouliot, George TI Vegetation exposure to ozone over the continental United States: Assessment of exposure indices by the Eta-CMAQ air quality forecast model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Vegetation exposure; Ozone (O(3)); CMAQ; Air quality forecast; Crop; Regional air quality; Exposure index; Air quality standard ID AGRICULTURAL CROPS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; STANDARDS; POLLUTION; IMPACTS; SYSTEM; CHINA AB The main use of air quality forecast (AQF) models is to predict ozone (O(3)) exceedances of the primary O(3) standard for informing the public of potential health concerns. This study presents the first evaluation of the performance of the Eta-CMAQ air quality forecast model to predict a variety of widely used seasonal mean and cumulative O(3) exposure indices associated with vegetation using the U.S. AIRNow O(3) observations. These exposure indices include two concentration-based O(3) indices, M7 and M12 (the seasonal means of daytime 7-h and 12-h O(3) concentrations, respectively), and three cumulative exposure-based indices, SUM06 (the sum of all hourly O(3) concentrations >= 0.06 ppm), W126 (hourly concentrations weighed by a sigmoidal weighting function), and AOT40 (O(3) concentrations accumulated over a threshold of 40 ppb during daylight hours). During a three-month simulation (July-September 2005), the model over predicted the M7 and M12 values by 8-9 ppb, or a NMB value of 19% and a NME value of 21%. The model predicts a central belt of high O(3) extending from Southern California to Middle Atlantic where the seasonal means, M7 and M12 (the seasonal means of daytime 7-h and 12-h O(3) concentrations), are higher than 50 ppbv. In contrast, the model is less capable of reproducing the observed cumulative indices. For AOT40, SUM06 and W126, the NMB and NME values are two- to three-fold of that for M7, M12 or peak 8-h O(3) concentrations. The AOT40 values range from 2 to 33 ppm h by the model and from 1 to 40 ppm h by the monitors. There is a significantly higher AOT40 value experienced in the United States in comparison to Europe. The domain-wide mean SUM06 value is 14.4 ppm h, which is about 30% higher than W126, and 40% higher than AOT40 calculated from the same 3-month hourly O(3) data. This suggests that SUM06 and W126 represent a more stringent standard than AOT40 if either the SUM06 or the W126 was used as a secondary O(3) standard. Although CMAQ considerably over predicts SUM06 and W126 values at the low end, the model under predicts the extreme high exposure values (>50 ppm h). Most of these extreme high values are found at inland California sites. Based on our analysis, further improvement of the model is needed to better capture cumulative exposure indices. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tong, Daniel Q.; Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth L.; Pouliot, George] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.; Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocai] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tong, DQ (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, NERL, MD E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. EM tong.daniel@epa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [DW13921548]; U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DW13921548] FX The authors thank Drs. Robin Dennis and Robert Mendelsohn for inspiring discussion. The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement number DW13921548. This work constitutes a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. Although this work has been reviewed by EPA, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 724 EP 733 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.084 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398ND UT WOS:000262737900029 ER PT J AU Thoma, ED Secrest, C Hall, ES Jones, DL Shores, RC Modrak, M Hashmonay, R Norwood, P AF Thoma, Eben D. Secrest, Cary Hall, Eric S. Jones, Donna Lee Shores, Richard C. Modrak, Mark Hashmonay, Ram Norwood, Phil TI Measurement of total site mercury emissions from a chlor-alkali plant using ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy and cell room roof-vent monitoring SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Chlor-alkali; Fugitive emissions; UV-DOAS; Open path; EPA OTM 10 AB This technical note describes a United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) measurement project to determine elemental mercury (Hg(0)) emissions from a mercury cell chlor-alkali (MCCA) facility in the southeastern U.S. during a 53-day monitoring campaign in the fall of 2006. The optical remote sensing (ORS) area source measurement method EPA OTM 10 was used to provide Hg(0) flux data for the site. These results are reported and compared with cell room roof-vent monitoring data acquired by the facility for similar time periods. The 24-h extrapolated mercury emission rate estimates determined by the two monitoring approaches are shown to be similar with overall averages in the 400 g day(-1) range with maximum values around 1200 g day(-1). Results from the OTM 10 measurements, which include both cell room emissions and potential fugitive sources outside the cell room, are shown to be approximately 10% higher than cell room monitoring results indicating that fugitive emissions from outside the cell room produce a small but measurable effect for this site. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thoma, Eben D.; Shores, Richard C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Secrest, Cary] US EPA, Off Enforcement & Compliance Assurance, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Hall, Eric S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jones, Donna Lee] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Modrak, Mark; Hashmonay, Ram] ARCAD S Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Norwood, Phil] EC R, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Mail Drop E343-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 753 EP 757 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.032 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398ND UT WOS:000262737900032 ER PT J AU Burtraw, D Evans, DA AF Burtraw, Dallas Evans, David A. TI Tradable rights to emit air pollution SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE allocation; auction; cap-and-trade; carbon dioxide; climate change; emission allowances; global warming; grandfathering ID ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION; EU-ETS; INCENTIVES; MARKET; ALLOWANCES; ALLOCATION; POLICIES; TAXATION; TAXES AB The use of cap-and-trade to regulate air pollution promises to achieve environmental goals at lower cost than traditional prescriptive approaches. Cap-and-trade has been applied to various air pollutants including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the United States and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in the European Union. This corresponds to what is likely to become the most expensive environmental undertaking in history - the effort to reduce the heating of the planet. However, the efficacy of a cap-and-trade policy for CO(2) depends in large part on the design of the program. In addition to the level of the cap, the most important decision facing policymakers will be the initial allocation of emissions allowances. The method used to allocate tradable emissions allowances will have significant influence on the distributional impact and efficiency of the program. C1 [Evans, David A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM evans.davida@epa.gov FU Mistra's Climate Policy Research Program (CLIPORE) FX Research support for Burtraw was received from Mistra's Climate Policy Research Program (CLIPORE). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of CLIPORE, Resources for the Future, or the U. S. EPA, and it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-985X J9 AUST J AGR RESOUR EC JI Aust. J. Agr. Resour. Econ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 59 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8489.2007.00428.x PG 26 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 387OE UT WOS:000261960700004 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-Assisted Chemistry: a Rapid and Sustainable Route to Synthesis of Organics and Nanomaterials SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) NANOCOMPOSITES; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; IONIC LIQUIDS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; COUPLING REACTIONS; GREEN SYNTHESIS; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; BIOACTIVE HETEROCYCLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; SUPPORTED REAGENTS AB The use of emerging microwave (MW)-assisted chemistry techniques in conjunction with benign reaction media is dramatically reducing chemical waste and reaction times in several organic syntheses and chemical transformations. The present review summarizes recent developments in MW-assisted synthesis, name reactions and organic transformations, and rapid generation of nanoparticles with uniform size distribution. Greener protocols have been developed for the synthesis of various bio-active heterocycles, namely 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 1,3-dioxanes, pyrazoles, hydrazones and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, which proceed under the influence of microwaves and using eco-friendly conditions. These high-yielding methods were catalyzed efficiently by solid-supported Nafion NR50 under solvent-free conditions and polystyrene sulfonic acid in aqueous media. The eco-friendly nucleophilic substitution chemistry in water to generate cyclic amines via double N-alkylation of primary amines or hydrazines by dihalides or tosylates enables the greener synthesis of a range of pharmaceutically active heterocycles. Similarly, efficient MW synthesis of various azides, thiocyanates, and sulfones in aqueous medium occurs wherein nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place in the absence of a phase-transfer catalyst. Bulk and shape-controlled synthesis of noble nanostructures via MW-assisted spontaneous reduction of noble metal salts using a-d-glucose, sucrose, and maltose is described. MW method also accomplishes the cross-linking reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with metallic systems such as Pt, Cu, and In; bimetallic systems, namely Pt -In, Ag-Pt, Pt-Fe, Cu-Pd, Pt-Pd, and Pd-Fe; and single-walled nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes, and buckminster-fullerenes (C-60). The strategy is extended to the formation of biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite films with noble nanometals; such metal decoration and alignment of carbon nanotubes in CMC is possible using a MW approach that also enables the shape-controlled bulk synthesis of Ag and Fe nanorods in poly(ethylene glycol). C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 64 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 8 U2 131 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 2009 VL 62 IS 1 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1071/CH08404 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 397IN UT WOS:000262656200003 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Silver Trees: Chemistry on a TEM Grid SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microwave-Assisted Chemistry - Organic and Polymer Synthesis CY AUG, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID DENDRITIC NANOSTRUCTURES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BULK SYNTHESIS; GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES; AG; NANOCRYSTALS; CRYSTALS; GREEN; WIRES AB The copper-carbon substrate of a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid reacted with aqueous silver nitrate solution within minutes to yield spectacular tree-like silver dendrites, without using any added capping or reducing reagents. These results demonstrate a facile, aqueous, room-temperature synthesis of a range of noble metal nano-and meso-structures that have widespread technological potential in the design and development of next-generation fuel cells, catalysts, and antimicrobial coatings. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1071/CH08433 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 421ES UT WOS:000264342800011 ER PT J AU Potter, C Klooster, S Huete, A Genovese, V Bustamante, M Ferreira, LG de Oliveira, RC Zepp, R AF Potter, C. Klooster, S. Huete, A. Genovese, V. Bustamante, M. Ferreira, L. Guimaraes de Oliveira, R. C., Jr. Zepp, R. TI Terrestrial carbon sinks in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado region predicted from MODIS satellite data and ecosystem modeling SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL SATELLITE; NORTH-AMERICA; FLUXES; CLIMATE; EXCHANGE; DEFORESTATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions over the period 2000-2004. Net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 in the region for these years was estimated. Consistently high carbon sink fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems on a yearly basis were found in the western portions of the states of Acre and Rondonia and the northern portions of the state of Para. These areas were not significantly impacted by the 2002-2003 El Nino event in terms of net annual carbon gains. Areas of the region that show periodically high carbon source fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere on yearly basis were found throughout the state of Maranhno and the southern portions of the state of Amazonas. As demonstrated though tower site comparisons, NEP modeled with monthly MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) inputs closely resembles the measured seasonal carbon fluxes at the LBA Tapajos tower site. Modeling results suggest that the capacity for use of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data to predict seasonal uptake rates of CO2 in Amazon forests and Cerrado woodlands is strong. C1 [Potter, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Klooster, S.; Genovese, V.] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA. [Huete, A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bustamante, M.] Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Ferreira, L. Guimaraes] Univ Fed Goias, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [de Oliveira, R. C., Jr.] EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Zepp, R.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. RP Potter, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM chris.potter@nasa.gov RI Ferreira, Laerte/H-4046-2014; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X FU NASA LBA-ECO FX This work was supported by grants from NASA LBA-ECO program and the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Interdisciplinary Science program. We thank Steven Wofsy and Lucy Hutyra for advice on the use of carbon flux measurement data. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 BP 937 EP 945 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 464XN UT WOS:000267543100001 ER PT J AU Kemp, WM Testa, JM Conley, DJ Gilbert, D Hagy, JD AF Kemp, W. M. Testa, J. M. Conley, D. J. Gilbert, D. Hagy, J. D. TI Temporal responses of coastal hypoxia to nutrient loading and physical controls SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENTS; MARINE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE; PATUXENT RIVER ESTUARY; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; BALTIC SEA AB The incidence and intensity of hypoxic waters in coastal aquatic ecosystems has been expanding in recent decades coincident with eutrophication of the coastal zone. Worldwide, there is strong interest in reducing the size and duration of hypoxia in coastal waters, because hypoxia causes negative effects for many organisms and ecosystem processes. Although strategies to reduce hypoxia by decreasing nutrient loading are predicated on the assumption that this action would reverse eutrophication, recent analyses of historical data from European and North American coastal systems suggest little evidence for simple linear response trajectories. We review published parallel time-series data on hypoxia and loading rates for inorganic nutrients and labile organic matter to analyze trajectories of oxygen (O-2) response to nutrient loading. We also assess existing knowledge of physical and ecological factors regulating O-2 in coastal marine waters to facilitate analysis of hypoxia responses to reductions in nutrient (and/or organic matter) inputs. Of the 24 systems identified where concurrent time series of loading and O-2 were available, half displayed relatively clear and direct recoveries following remediation. We explored in detail 5 well-studied systems that have exhibited complex, non-linear responses to variations in loading, including apparent 'regime shifts'. A summary of these analyses suggests that O-2 conditions improved rapidly and linearly in systems where remediation focused on organic inputs from sewage treatment plants, which were the primary drivers of hypoxia. In larger more open systems where diffuse nutrient loads are more important in fueling O-2 depletion and where climatic influences are pronounced, responses to remediation tended to follow non-linear trends that may include hysteresis and time-lags. Improved understanding of hypoxia remediation requires that future studies use comparative approaches and consider multiple regulating factors. These analyses should consider: (1) the dominant temporal scales of the hypoxia, (2) the relative contributions of inorganic and organic nutrients, (3) the influence of shifts in climatic and oceanographic processes, and (4) the roles of feedback interactions whereby O-2-sensitive biogeochemistry, trophic interactions, and habitat conditions influence the nutrient and algal dynamics that regulate O-2 levels. C1 [Kemp, W. M.; Testa, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Conley, D. J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, Lund, Sweden. [Gilbert, D.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Hagy, J. D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Kemp, WM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. EM kemp@umces.edu RI Gilbert, Denis/A-3067-2010; Testa, Jeremy/C-7189-2013; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012 OI Gilbert, Denis/0000-0002-9554-9594; Testa, Jeremy/0000-0003-0027-9761; Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0618986]; Department of Commerce; NOAA [NA07NOS4780191]; Maryland Sea Grant Program; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; SCOR FX This work was conducted as part of the activities of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Working Group 128 (Natural and Human-Induced Hypoxia and Consequences for Coastal Areas). We are indebted to the many individuals and agencies responsible for coastal aquatic monitoring programs, whose data make such comparative analyses possible. We would also like to thank Nancy Rabalais, Robert Diaz, and Jesper Andersen for their thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. This work and publication costs were funded by the National Science Foundation (BES-0618986), the Department of Commerce, NOAA Coastal Hypoxia Research Program (CHRP; NA07NOS4780191), Maryland Sea Grant Program, the Climate Change Science Initiative of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the SCOR Working Group 128. This is contribution No. 4365 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and NOAA Coastal Hypoxia Research Program Publication #122. NR 181 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 9 U2 134 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2985 EP 3008 PG 24 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 536QY UT WOS:000273060100017 ER PT B AU Chervitz, SA Parkinson, H Fostel, JM Causton, HC Sanson, SA Deutsch, EW Field, D Taylor, CF Rocca-Serra, P White, J Stoeckert, CJ AF Chervitz, Stephen A. Parkinson, Helen Fostel, Jennifer M. Causton, Helen C. Sanson, Susanna-Assunta Deutsch, Eric W. Field, Dawn Taylor, Chris F. Rocca-Serra, Philippe White, Joe Stoeckert, Christian J. BE Edwards, D Stajich, J Hansen, D TI Standards for Functional Genomics SO BIOINFORMATICS: TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MINIMUM REPORTING STANDARDS; MICROARRAY DATA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT METABOLOMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WORKING GROUP; DATA EXCHANGE; DATA FORMAT; MAGE-TAB; INFORMATION C1 [Chervitz, Stephen A.] Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Parkinson, Helen; Sanson, Susanna-Assunta; Taylor, Chris F.; Rocca-Serra, Philippe] European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge, England. [Fostel, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Causton, Helen C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, London W12 0NN, England. [Deutsch, Eric W.] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Field, Dawn] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Nat Environm Res Council, Oxford OX1 3SR, England. [White, Joe] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [White, Joe] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Stoeckert, Christian J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Penn Ctr Bioinformat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Chervitz, SA (reprint author), Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. EM Steve_Chervitz@affymetrix.com; parkinson@ebi.ac.uk; fostel@niehs.nih.gov; helen.causton@csc.mrc.ac.uk; sansone@ebi.ac.uk; edeutsch@systemsbiology.org; dfield@cch.ac.uk; christ@ebi.ac.uk; rocca@ebi.ac.uk; jwhite@jimmy.harvard.edu; stoeckrt@pcbi.upenn.edu OI Taylor, Ronald/0000-0001-9777-9767 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-92737-4 PY 2009 BP 293 EP 329 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-92738-1_15 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-92738-1 PG 37 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BMH82 UT WOS:000272399500015 ER PT J AU Williams, CJ Jefferson, WN Padilla-Banks, E Goulding, EH Newbold, RR AF Williams, Carmen J. Jefferson, Wendy N. Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth Goulding, Eugenia H. Newbold, Retha R. TI Long-Term Impact of Neonatal Genistein Exposure on Adult Oviductal Function in the Mouse. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 [Williams, Carmen J.; Jefferson, Wendy N.; Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth; Goulding, Eugenia H.; Newbold, Retha R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 59 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500059 ER PT J AU Rogers, JM AF Rogers, John M. TI Long-Term Effects of Maternal Undernutrition or Toxicant Exposure on Adult Health of Offspring in Rodents. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 [Rogers, John M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 114 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500113 ER PT J AU Orlando, EF Thompson, J Sepulveda, M Ankley, G Villeneuve, D Watanabe, K Denslow, N AF Orlando, Edward F. Thompson, Jane Sepulveda, Marisol Ankley, Gary Villeneuve, Daniel Watanabe, Karen Denslow, Nancy TI Short-Term Exposure Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on the Brain-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Response of the Fathead Minnow SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Beaverton, OR USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 263 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500253 ER PT J AU Gadsby, JE D'Annibale, M Gannon, M Albers, L Zonilla, L AF Gadsby, John E. D'Annibale, Melissa Gannon, Morgan Albers, Lynn Zonilla, Leah TI Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Alpha Induces Luteolytic Sensitivity in Porcine Luteal Cells by Activating the Intra-Luteal Prostaglandin (PG) Pathway. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 519 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500496 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Rider, CV Howdeshell, KL Hotchkiss, AK Wilson, VS Foster, PMD Furr, J AF Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Rider, Cynthia V. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Wilson, Vickie S. Foster, Paul M. D. Furr, Johnathan TI Cumulative Effects of Administration Mixtures of "Antiandrogens" in Rats: A New Framework Based upon Common Systems Rather Than Common Mechanisms SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 634 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500606 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Furi, J Lambright, CR Wilson, V Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, Kembra L. Furi, Johnathan Lambright, Christy R. Wilson, Vickie Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI In Utero Exposure to Di(n)butyl Phthalate Reduces Testicular Testosterone and Testes Size in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Harlan Sprague Dawley Fetal Rats SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 636 BP 193 EP 194 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500608 ER PT J AU Tinto, N Hotchkiss, M Buckalew, A Laws, S AF Tinto, Nicole Hotchkiss, Michelle Buckalew, Angela Laws, Susan TI Understanding the Effects of Atrazine on Steroidogenesis in the Human h295r and Rat Granulosa Cells SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 637 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500609 ER PT J AU Zorrilla, LM Gibson, EK Stoker, TE AF Zorrilla, Leah M. Gibson, Emily K. Stoker, Tammy E. TI Effect of Chlorotriazine Pesticides on Gonadtropin-Releasing Hormone in the Neuronal GT1-7 Cell Line and Hypothalamic Explants SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 18-22, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Reproduct, David L Lawrence Convent Ctr C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2009 SU S MA 638 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 543UY UT WOS:000273605500610 ER PT J AU Kim, CS AF Kim, Chong S. TI Deposition of aerosol particles in human lungs: in vivo measurement and modelling SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Review DE Aerosol deposition; lung dose; inhalation; particulate matter; mathematical model ID INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; HEALTHY-ADULTS; WOMEN; MEN AB The deposition dose and site of inhaled particles within the lung are the key determinants in health risk assessment of particulate pollutants. Accurate dose estimation, however, is a formidable task because aerosol transport and deposition in the lung are governed by many factors whose precise workings are often not fully understood. In vivo human data obtained under controlled environment are most important and provide the primary basis of estimating lung doses. The existing database, however, is not sufficient to cover widely varying exposure conditions encountered during daily activities. Mathematical models thus are used to fill the gap or to extend the range of experimental data and are further used as a tool for analysing the exposure-dose relationship under varying inhalation conditions. In this report we briefly review and discuss our recent studies of in vivo measurement of inhaled particles in normal subjects, subsequent analysis of the data for empirical modelling and an improved mathematical model that can be used for a wide range of applications. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.chong@epa.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PY 2009 VL 14 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1080/13547500902965286 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 489GV UT WOS:000269409100012 PM 19604060 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD AF Pleil, Joachim D. TI Influence of systems biology response and environmental exposure level on between-subject variability in breath and blood biomarkers SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE Systems biology; human biomarkers; jet fuel; trichloroethylene; methyl tertiary butyl ether; exposure reconstruction; variance ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXHALED BREATH; JET FUEL; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BIOMONITORING DATA; HEALTH-RISKS; BUTYL ETHER; INHALATION; BENZENE AB To explain the underlying causes of apparently stochastic disease, current research is focusing on systems biology approaches wherein individual genetic makeup and specific 'gene-environment' interactions are considered. This is an extraordinarily complex task because both the environmental exposure profiles and the specific genetic susceptibilities presumably have large variance components. In this article, the focus is on the initial steps along the path to disease outcome namely environmental uptake, biologically available dose, and preclinical effect. The general approach is to articulate a conceptual model and identify biomarker measurements that could populate the model with hard data. Between-subject variance components from different exposure studies are used to estimate the source and magnitude of the variability of biomarker measurements. The intent is to determine the relative effects of different biological media (breath or blood), environmental compounds and their metabolites, different concentration levels, and levels of environmental exposure control. Examples are drawn from three distinct exposure biomarker studies performed by the US Environmental Protection Agency that studied aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, trichloroethylene and methyl tertiary butyl ether. All results are based on empirical biomarker measurements of breath and blood from human subjects; biological specimens were collected under appropriate Institutional Review Board protocols with informed consent of the subjects. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a framework for eventually assessing the total susceptibility ranges along the toxicological pathway from exposure to effect. The investigation showed that exposures are a greater contributor to biomarker variance than are internal biological parameters. C1 US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 50 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PY 2009 VL 14 IS 8 BP 560 EP 571 DI 10.3109/13547500903186460 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 532BD UT WOS:000272717400004 PM 19740040 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, A Dunson, DB Taylor, J AF Rodriguez, Abel Dunson, David B. Taylor, Jack TI Bayesian hierarchically weighted finite mixture models for samples of distributions SO BIOSTATISTICS LA English DT Article ID DIRICHLET PROCESSES; UNKNOWN NUMBER; PRIORS; COMPONENTS; REGRESSION; INFERENCE; OUTCOMES; CELLS AB Finite mixtures of Gaussian distributions are known to provide an accurate approximation to any unknown density. Motivated by DNA repair studies in which data are collected for samples of cells from different individuals, we propose a class of hierarchically weighted finite mixture models. The modeling framework incorporates a collection of k Gaussian basis distributions, with the individual-specific response densities expressed as mixtures of these bases. To allow heterogeneity among individuals and predictor effects, we model the mixture weights, while treating the basis distributions as unknown but common to all distributions. This results in a flexible hierarchical model for samples of distributions. We consider analysis of variance-type structures and a parsimonious latent factor representation, which leads to simplified inferences on non-Gaussian covariance structures. Methods for posterior computation are developed, and the model is used to select genetic predictors of baseline DNA damage, susceptibility to induced damage, and rate of repair. C1 [Rodriguez, Abel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dunson, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Taylor, Jack] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Rodriguez, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM abel@ams.ucsc.edu OI taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1465-4644 EI 1468-4357 J9 BIOSTATISTICS JI Biostatistics PD JAN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1093/biostatistics/kxn024 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 383MU UT WOS:000261678500014 PM 18708650 ER PT J AU Shi, M Mostowska, A Jugessur, A Johnson, MK Mansilla, MA Christensen, K Lie, RT Wiicox, AJ Murray, JC AF Shi, Min Mostowska, Adrianna Jugessur, Astanand Johnson, Marla K. Mansilla, Maria Adela Christensen, Kaare Lie, Rolv T. Wiicox, Allen J. Murray, Jeffrey C. TI Identification of Microdeletions in Candidate Genes for Cleft Lip and/or Palate SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cleft lip; cleft palate; microdeletion; SNP; CNV; candidate genes ID MATERNAL SMOKING; HUMAN GENOME; ORAL CLEFTS; REGION AB BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies are now used routinely to identify genes implicated in complex traits. The panels used for such analyses can detect single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants, both of which may help to identify small deleted regions of the genome that may contribute to a particular disease. METHODS: We performed a candidate gene analysis involving 1,221 SNPs in 333 candidate genes for orofacial clefting, using 2,823 samples from 725 two- and three-generation families with a proband having cleft lip with or without cleft palate. We used SNP genotyping, DNA sequencing, high-resolution DNA microarray analysis, and long-range PCR to confirm and characterize the deletion events. RESULTS: This dataset, had a high duplicate reproducibility rate (99.98%), high Mendelian consistency rate (99.93%), and low missing data rate (0.55%), which provided a powerful opportunity for deletion detection. Apparent Mendelian inconsistencies between parents and children suggested deletion events in 15 individuals in 11 genomic regions. We confirmed deletions involving CYP1B1, FGF10, SP8, SUMO1, TBX1, TFAP2A, and UGT7A1, including both de novo and familial cases. Deletions of SUMO1, TBX1, and TFAP2A are likely to be etiologic. CONCLUSIONS: These deletions suggest the potential roles of genes or regulatory elements contained within deleted regions in the etiology of clefting. Our analysis took advantage of genotypes from a candidate-gene-based SNP survey and proved to be an efficient analytical approach to interrogate genes potentially involved in clefting. This can serve as a model to find genes playing a role in complex traits in general. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:42-51, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Mostowska, Adrianna; Johnson, Marla K.; Mansilla, Maria Adela; Murray, Jeffrey C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Shi, Min] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mostowska, Adrianna] Univ Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, PL-60781 Poznan, Poland. [Jugessur, Astanand] Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Christensen, Kaare] Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark. [Lie, Rolv T.] Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Sect Epidemiol & Med Stat, Bergen, Norway. [Wiicox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Murray, JC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Carver Coll Med, S Grand Ave,2182 ML, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM jeff-murray@uiowa.edu RI Christensen, Kaare/C-2360-2009; Mostowska, Adrianna/J-6719-2012; OI Christensen, Kaare/0000-0002-5429-5292; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU NIH [DE08559, P60 DE13076, NIH P30 ES05605, N01-HG-65403]; Norwegian Research Council (NFR); Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR); US National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) FX Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant numbers: DE08559, P60 DE13076, NIH P30 ES05605; Grant sponsors: Norwegian Research Council (NFR), Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); and a donation from the Iowa Order of the Eastern Star. Genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), funded through it federal contract from the National Institutes of Health to The Johns Hopkins University; Grant number: N01-HG-65403; Grant sponsor: The US National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) underwrote a significant proportion of the genotyping costs by CIDR. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1002/bdra.20571 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 400YH UT WOS:000262904800007 PM 19137569 ER PT J AU Church, MR Ebersole, JL Rensmeyer, KM Couture, RB Barrows, FT Noakes, DLG AF Church, M. Robbins Ebersole, Joseph L. Rensmeyer, Kirk M. Couture, Ryan B. Barrows, Frederic T. Noakes, David L. G. TI Mucus: a new tissue fraction for rapid determination of fish diet switching using stable isotope analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; CARBON; EARTHWORMS; SULFUR; RATIOS AB Stable isotope analysis of diet switching by fishes often is hampered by slow turnover rates of the tissues analyzed (usually muscle or fins). We examined epidermal mucus as a potentially faster turnover "tissue'' that might provide a more rapid assessment of diet switching. In a controlled hatchery experiment, we switched the diet of juvenile steel-head (sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a plant-based feed with low delta(13)C and delta(15)N to a fish-meal-based diet with higher delta values. We found mucus to provide a significantly more rapid response to diet switching (half-life = 36 days for delta(15)N, 30 days for delta(13)C) than muscle tissue (half-life = 94 days for delta(15)N, 136 days for delta(13)C), even for growing juvenile fish. Mucus may provide a rapid turnover "tissue'' for analysis of diet (or habitat) switching by fish. It has the additional advantage that it may be sampled nonlethally in some fishes, thereby avoiding problems in studying threatened or endangered species. This is the first report of the use of fish mucus in stable isotope analyses of fish tissues. C1 [Church, M. Robbins; Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Rensmeyer, Kirk M.] Natl Asian Pacific Ctr Aging, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Couture, Ryan B.] Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Alsea, OR 97324 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Church, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Church.Robbins@epa.gov NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429YY UT WOS:000264957200001 ER PT J AU Tsou, JA Kazarian, M Patel, A Galler, JS Laird-Offringa, IA Carpenter, CL London, SJ AF Tsou, Jeffrey A. Kazarian, Meleeneh Patel, Ankur Galler, Janice S. Laird-Offringa, Ite A. Carpenter, Catherine L. London, Stephanie J. TI Low level anti-Hu reactivity: A risk marker for small cell lung cancer? SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Carcinoma; Small cell; Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis; PEM/SN; HuD antigen; Autoantibodies; Case-control studies; Survival ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS SENSORY NEURONOPATHY; RNA-BINDING PROTEINS; PARANEOPLASTIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; LIMBIC ENCEPHALITIS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; ANTIBODIES; CARCINOMA; EXPRESSION; ELAV AB Background: Previous experimental and laboratory studies have implicated antibodies against Hu proteins (anti-Hu) as a potential marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC); there are no estimates of the association between anti-Hu and SCLC using a population-based design. Methods: We used stored plasma specimens to evaluate anti-Hu reactivity in relationship to small cell lung cancer in a population-based case-control study. Using Western Blot analysis, we measured anti-Hu reactivity against recombinant Hu family member, HuD, in plasma samples from 41 SCLC cases and 79 controls individually matched for age, race, sex, and smoking status (never, past, current). We analyzed the association between anti-Hu reactivity and SCLC using conditional logistic regression. Results: Anti-Hu reactivity was associated with SCLC, both before and after adjustment for amount of smoking. We observed a smoking-adjusted odds ratio of 3.2 (95% confidence interval from 0.98 to 13.4) comparing subjects above 1800 units (the lower limit of the second tertile of the distribution among antibody positive controls) to subjects with lower reactivity. We also found suggestive evidence in follow-up of our cases that anti-Hu above 1800 units was related to longer-term survival from SCLC. The present research is the first report of anti-Hu reactivity and SCLC in a population-based study. Conclusions: Given the suggestive evidence in this study, prospective analyses to examine whether anti-Hu reactivity might predict risk of developing SCLC, or whether anti-Hu reactivity could serve as an early marker for SCLC, may be warranted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carpenter, Catherine L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Human Nutr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tsou, Jeffrey A.; Kazarian, Meleeneh; Patel, Ankur; Galler, Janice S.; Laird-Offringa, Ite A.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Tsou, Jeffrey A.; Kazarian, Meleeneh; Patel, Ankur; Galler, Janice S.; Laird-Offringa, Ite A.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Div Intramural Res, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Carpenter, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Human Nutr, 900 Vet Ave,Box 95-1742, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ccarpenter@mednet.ucla.edu OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101574-05]; NCI NIH HHS [N01PC35136, N01PC35139, N02 PC015105] NR 42 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.cdp.2008.06.006 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 425EC UT WOS:000264618800003 PM 19070439 ER PT J AU Todd, B Ballantine, DL Otero, E AF Todd, Brandi Ballantine, David L. Otero, Ernesto TI Nutrient distribution across the insular shelf of La Parguera, Puerto Rico: assessment by algal tissue nitrogen SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A survey was conducted to investigate possible presence of an inshore to shelf edge gradient in % nitrogen (%N) and stable nitrogen isotope ratio (delta N-15; parts per thousand vs. air) in tissues of the rhodophyte Acanthophora spicifera and the ocrophytes Lobophora variegata and Dictyota bartayresiana in coastal waters of La Parguera, southwest Puerto Rico. Average %N (1.26 +/- 0.08 SD to 3.25 +/- 0.10) and delta N-15 (2.06 +/- 0.04 to 8.16 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand) in Acanthophora spicifera was highly variable along the shoreline. The highest inshore values of delta N-15 occurred at two stations influenced by secondary sewage input and a bird rookery and lower values (0.81 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand) were observed at mid-shelf locations. Dictyota bartayresiana and L. variegata did not display clear trends in %N across the insular shelf; however, delta N-15 for Dictyota bartayresiana was significantly higher inshore (3.48 +/- 0.09 parts per thousand) versus mid-shelf and shelf edge (0.00 +/- 0.08 parts per thousand) and delta N-15 for L. variegata was significantly higher at mid-shelf (2.13 +/- 0.25 parts per thousand) versus shelf edge locations (0.34 +/- 0.24 parts per thousand). These results indicate that anthropogenic effects on tissue nutrients are spatially distributed across the shelf, being higher near shore and not evident at the shelf edge. C1 [Todd, Brandi; Ballantine, David L.; Otero, Ernesto] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Todd, Brandi] US EPA, PR 6SF, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP Ballantine, DL (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, POB 9013, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM dballant@uprm.edu FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17OP2919] FX This paper is a result of research funded by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Programs under award #NA17OP2919 to the University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V15YI UT WOS:000207836900005 ER PT S AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, Robert T. BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI Challenges to Sustaining Diadromous Fishes through 2100: Lessons Learned from Western North America SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div AB An evaluation of the history of efforts to reverse the long-term decline of Pacific salmon in western North America provides instructive policy lessons for the potential recovery of diadromous fishes throughout the world. From California to southern British Columbia, wild runs of Pacific salmon have universally declined and many have disappeared. Billions have been spent in so-far failed attempts to reverse the decline in response to the requirements of the U.S. Endangered Species Act, the Canadian Species at Risk Act, or other laws or policies. The annual expenditure of hundreds of millions of dollars continues, but a sustainable future for wild salmon in this region of North America remains elusive. Despite documented public support for restoring wild salmon, the long-term prognosis for a sustainable future appears problematic. After considering various policy options to increase the numbers of wild salmon and other diadromous species, the major lessons learned were (1) the rules of commerce, especially trends in international commerce and trade, tend to put relentless downward pressure on their numbers; (2) competition for critical natural resources, especially for high quality water, will continue to be great and will work to constrain the numbers of most diadromous species; (3) the aggregate demands of humans will continue to swell, thus tending to limit the available habitat for diadromous species; (4) individual and collective preferences directly determine the future of diadromous species, and there appears to be little indication of a massive and Widespread change in those individual and collective preferences; (5) there is an almost insurmountable tendency on the part of elected and appointed officials to avoid explicitly confronting difficult, divisive ecological policy issues; and (6) there is a systematic, often subtle, pressure on fisheries scientists, managers, and analysts to avoid explicitly conveying unpleasant facts to the public, senior bureaucrats, and elected or appointed officials. Fisheries biologists and others continue to craft restoration plans, but an easy, effective approach has yet to emerge that Will actually restore and sustain most runs of wild salmon in the region. For most diadromous fishes, restoration options exist that offer both ecological viability and appreciably reduced social disruption, but these options also tend to have more modest restoration objectives. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM robert.lackey@oregonstate.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 69 BP 609 EP 617 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800038 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Baruwati, B Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetic nanoparticle-supported glutathione: a conceptually sustainable organocatalyst SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; WATER; MICROWAVE; CATALYST; IRRADIATION; CHEMISTRY; RECOVERY; GREEN AB A conceptually novel nanoparticle-supported and magnetically recoverable organocatalyst has been developed, which is readily prepared from inexpensive starting materials in a truly sustainable manner; which catalyzes the Paal-Knorr reaction with high yield in pure aqueous medium that avoids the use of toxic organic solvents, even in the workup step. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 25 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2009 IS 14 BP 1837 EP 1839 DI 10.1039/b900784a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 424GW UT WOS:000264555100008 PM 19319418 ER PT J AU Keshava, N Chen, C White, P Sonawane, B Bussard, D AF Keshava, Nagu Chen, Chao White, Paul Sonawane, Bob Bussard, David TI Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Informing Critical Dose-Response Relationships by Swenberg et al., 2008 SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ACRYLAMIDE; RATS; MICE C1 [Keshava, Nagu; Chen, Chao; White, Paul; Sonawane, Bob; Bussard, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Keshava, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1021/tx800356t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 396PF UT WOS:000262602900004 PM 19053183 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Nanoparticle-Supported and Magnetically Recoverable Ruthenium Hydroxide Catalyst: Efficient Hydration of Nitriles to Amides in Aqueous Medium SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE amides; green chemistry; nanotechnology; ruthenium; supported catalysts ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; NATURAL PHOSPHATE; FACILE CATALYST; PRIMARY AMINES; WATER; HYDROXYAPATITE; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX V.P. is a research associate at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 55 TC 194 Z9 195 U1 5 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1582 EP 1586 DI 10.1002/chem.200802264 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 407DZ UT WOS:000263345100008 PM 19123223 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. TI High Value Products from Waste: Grape Pomace Extract-A Three-in-One Package for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE green chemistry; microwave chemistry; nanoparticles; precious metals; sustainable chemistry ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GREEN SYNTHESIS; NANOCRYSTALS; REDUCTION AB Metal nanoparticles of Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt have been synthesized in aqueous media using red grape pomace as a reducing and a capping agent. The particles are formed within a few seconds when exposed to microwave irradiation at a power level as low as 50 W. Particles could be formed at room temperature, but they tend to be amorphous in nature except for gold. A detailed study on the morphology of the ensuing particles with various reaction conditions has been carried out. C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W MLK Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2009 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1041 EP 1044 DI 10.1002/cssc.200900220 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529IQ UT WOS:000272509700008 PM 19842157 ER PT J AU Benbrahim-Tallaa, L Waalkes, M AF Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia Waalkes, Michael TI Inorganic arsenic and human prostate cancer SO CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA LA English DT Review DE Androgen-independent; Arsenic; Carcinogenesis; Human malignant transformation; Prostate; Ras ID INDUCED MALIGNANT-TRANSFORMATION; CELL LINES CHARACTERISTICS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DRINKING-WATER; WELL WATER; ANDROGEN INDEPENDENCE; ACTIVATION; GENE; TRANSPORT; MORTALITY AB We critically evaluated the etiologic role of inorganic arsenic in human prostate cancer. We assessed data from relevant epidemiologic studies concerning environmental inorganic arsenic exposure. Whole animal studies were evaluated as were in vitro model systems of inorganic arsenic carcinogenesis in the prostate. Multiple studies in humans reveal an association between environmental inorganic arsenic exposure and prostate cancer mortality or incidence. Many of these human studies provide clear evidence of a dose-response relationship. Relevant whole animal models showing a relationship between inorganic arsenic and prostate cancer are not available. However, cellular model systems indicate arsenic can induce malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells in vitro. Arsenic also appears to impact prostate cancer cell progression by precipitating events leading to androgen independence in vitro. Available evidence in human populations and human cells in vitro indicates that the prostate is a target for inorganic arsenic carcinogenesis. A role for this common environmental contaminant in human prostate cancer initiation and/or progression would be very important. C1 [Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia; Waalkes, Michael] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, NCI,NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Benbrahim-Tallaa, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, NCI,NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MD F0-09,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM waalkes@niehs.nih.gov NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ABRASCO PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA RUA HESPERIA, 16-PARTE MANGUINHOS, RIO DE JANEIRO, 21050-040, BRAZIL SN 1413-8123 J9 CIENC SAUDE COLETIVA JI Cienc. Saude Coletiva PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 307 EP 318 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544AF UT WOS:000273622700037 ER PT J AU Tong, STY Liu, AJ Goodrich, JA AF Tong, Susanna T. Y. Liu, Amy J. Goodrich, James A. TI Assessing the water quality impacts of future land-use changes in an urbanising watershed SO CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE BASINS; hydrology; land-use change; SWAT; water quality; watershed management ID HYDROLOGIC LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS; SWAT MODEL; SEDIMENT YIELD; USE PATTERNS; RIVER BASIN; CATCHMENTS; SCENARIOS; EMISSION; RUNOFF; AREAS AB An integrated watershed hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was adopted in this study to simulate the water quality conditions under the current and the future land-use configurations. The findings were compared to determine the hydrologic consequences of future land-use changes. Results indicate that as the land use in the watershed shifts from predominantly agricultural to mixed rural and residential lands, a reduction in flow, sediments, and nutrients is detected. Although the projected average daily concentration of phosphorus is reduced by 47% under the future land-use scenario, it will still exceed the daily limit suggested by the US Environmental Protection Agency. From this study, it is evident that SWAT is a reliable water quality model, capable of producing accurate information for environmental decision-making. The model has a GIS interface and is coupled with the Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources system. It is, therefore, a valuable tool for environmental informatics. C1 [Tong, Susanna T. Y.; Liu, Amy J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Goodrich, James A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tong, STY (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM susanna.tong@uc.edu NR 61 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-6608 J9 CIV ENG ENVIRON SYST JI Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 AR PII 794794111 DI 10.1080/10286600802003393 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 405DE UT WOS:000263202000002 ER PT J AU Colvin, J McNally, J Goetz, R Yund, C Bond, R AF Colvin, J. McNally, J. Goetz, R. Yund, C. Bond, R. TI Role of Poison Control Centers in a Public Water Contamination Warning and Response System SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Colvin, J.; Goetz, R.; Bond, R.] Cincinnati Drug & Poison Informat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [McNally, J.] Tucson Poison & Drug Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Yund, C.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 304 BP 764 EP 764 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600319 ER PT S AU Wang, P Linker, LC AF Wang, Ping Linker, Lewis C. BE Allen, G Seidel, E Dongarra, J Nabrzyski, J VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA TI Simulating Particulate Organic Advection along Bottom Slopes to Improve Simulation of Estuarine Hypoxia and Anoxia SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2009 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Computational Science CY MAY 25-27, 2009 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Univ Amsterdam, Univ Tennessee DE hydrodynamic model; estuarine model; movement along slope; particulate organic transport; parallel processing ID CHESAPEAKE BAY AB In a Coupled hydrodynamic and water quality model, the hydrodynamic model provides forces for movement of simulated particles in the water quality model. A proper simulation of organic solid movement from shallow to deep waters is important to simulate summer hypoxia in the deepwater. It is necessary to have a full blown particle transport model that focuses organic particulates' resuspension and transport. This paper presents an approach to move volatile solids from the shoals to the channel by simulating movement of particulate organics Clue to slopes based on an example in the Chesapeake Bay eutrophication model. Implementations for the simulation of this behavior in computer parallel processing are discussed. C1 [Wang, Ping] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Linker, Lewis C.] US EPA, CBPO, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM pwang@chesapeakebay.net; linker.lewis@epa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-01972-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5545 BP 283 EP + PN II PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJV96 UT WOS:000267286400033 ER PT J AU Boobis, AR Daston, GP Preston, RJ Olin, SS AF Boobis, Alan R. Daston, George P. Preston, R. Julian Olin, Stephen S. TI Application of Key Events Analysis to Chemical Carcinogens and Noncarcinogens SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE low-dose dose-response; chloroform; endocrine disruptors; non-genotoxic carcinogen; genotoxic carcinogen; thresholds ID CHLOROFORM-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY; DNA-REACTIVE CARCINOGENS; GENE-EXPRESSION CHANGES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; DOSE-RESPONSE; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MOUSE HEPATOCYTES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB The existence of thresholds for toxicants is a matter of debate in chemical risk assessment and regulation. Current risk assessment methods are based on the assumption that, in the absence of sufficient data, carcinogenesis does not have a threshold, while noncarcinogenic endpoints are assumed to be thresholded. Advances in our fundamental understanding of the events that underlie toxicity are providing opportunities to address these assumptions about thresholds. A key events dose-response analytic framework was used to evaluate three aspects of toxicity. The first section illustrates how a fundamental understanding of the mode of action for the hepatic toxicity and the hepatocarcinogenicity of chloroform in rodents can replace the assumption of low-dose linearity. The second section describes how advances in our understanding of the molecular aspects of carcinogenesis allow us to consider the critical steps in genotoxic carcinogenesis in a key events framework. The third section deals with the case of endocrine disrupters, where the most significant question regarding thresholds is the possible additivity to an endogenous background of hormonal activity. Each of the examples suggests that current assumptions about thresholds can be refined. Understanding inter-individual variability in the events involved in toxicological effects may enable a true population threshold(s) to be identified. C1 [Olin, Stephen S.] ILSI Res Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Boobis, Alan R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Expt Med & Toxicol, London W12 0NN, England. [Daston, George P.] Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Preston, R. Julian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Olin, SS (reprint author), ILSI Res Fdn, 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM solin@ilsi.org OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X FU ILSI Research Foundation; Health Canada; Ajinomoto; Coca-Cola Company; Groupe Danone; Kellogg Company; Kraft Foods, Inc.; Mars, Inc.; Mead Johnson Nutritionals; Monsanto Company; Nestle; PepsiCo, Inc.; Procter Gamble Company; Syngenta Ltd.; Flavor Extract Manufacturers Association; Grocery Manufacturers Association FX Financial support for this project from the following sources is gratefully acknowledged: ILSI Research Foundation, Health Canada, Ajinomoto, Coca-Cola Company, Groupe Danone, Kellogg Company, Kraft Foods, Inc., Mars, Inc., Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Monsanto Company, Nestle, PepsiCo, Inc., The Procter & Gamble Company, Syngenta Ltd., Flavor Extract Manufacturers Association, and Grocery Manufacturers Association. NR 91 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 EI 1549-7852 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2009 VL 49 IS 8 BP 690 EP 707 AR PII 914016321 DI 10.1080/10408390903098673 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 485CX UT WOS:000269099500003 PM 19690995 ER PT J AU DeWitt, J Shnyra, A Badr, M Loveless, S Hoban, D Frame, S Cunard, R Anderson, S Meade, BJ Peden-Adams, M Luebke, R Luster, M AF DeWitt, Jamie C. Shnyra, Alexander Badr, Mostafa Z. Loveless, Scott E. Hoban, Denise Frame, Steven R. Cunard, Robyn Anderson, Stacey E. Meade, B. Jean Peden-Adams, Margie M. Luebke, Robert W. Luster, Michael I. TI Immunotoxicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE immunomodulation; ligand-activated transcription factors; perfluoroalkyl acids ID NF-KAPPA-B; PPAR-ALPHA; FATTY-ACIDS; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; NEONATAL-MORTALITY AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are environmentally widespread and persistent chemicals with multiple toxicities reported in experimental animals and humans. These compounds can trigger biological activity by activating the alpha isotype of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate gene expression; however, some biological effects may occur independently of the receptor. Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) modulates lipid and glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and inflammation. Reported immunomodulation in experimental animals exposed to PFOA and PFOS has included altered inflammatory responses, production of cytokines and other proteins, reduced lymphoid organ weights, and altered antibody synthesis. Mounting experimental animal evidence suggests PPAR alpha independence of some immune effects. This evidence originates primarily from studies with PPAR alpha knockout models exposed to PFOA that demonstrate hepatic peroxisome proliferation, reduced lymphoid organ weights, and altered antibody synthesis. As human PPAR alpha expression is significantly less than that of rodents, potential PPAR alpha independence indicates that future research must explore mechanisms of action of these compounds, including PPAR alpha-dependent and -independent pathways. This multiauthored review contains brief descriptions of current and recently published work exploring immunomodulation by PFOA and PFOS, as well as a short overview of other PPAR alpha ligands of therapeutic and environmental interest. C1 [DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Shnyra, Alexander] Kansas City Univ Med & Biosci, Kansas City, MO USA. [Badr, Mostafa Z.] Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Loveless, Scott E.; Hoban, Denise; Frame, Steven R.] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DC USA. [Cunard, Robyn] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Cunard, Robyn] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Anderson, Stacey E.; Meade, B. Jean; Luster, Michael I.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeWitt, J (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 FU University of North Carolina; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Agreement [CT829472]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences interagency agreement with the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [927ZCTG] FX We thank Dr. Linda Birnbaum, Dr. Dori Germolec, Dr. Erin Hines, and Dr. MaryJane Selgrade for reviewing the article and providing helpful suggestions. Partial support was provided by a University of North Carolina-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Agreement (CT829472) and a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences interagency agreement with the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (927ZCTG). NR 98 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 8 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 76 EP 94 DI 10.1080/10408440802209804 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 387FP UT WOS:000261937400002 PM 18802816 ER PT J AU Hattis, D Chu, M Rahmioglu, N Goble, R Verma, P Hartman, K Kozlak, M AF Hattis, D. Chu, M. Rahmioglu, N. Goble, R. Verma, P. Hartman, K. Kozlak, M. TI A Preliminary Operational Classification System for Nonmutagenic Modes of Action for Carcinogenesis SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cancer; initiation; mechanisms; progression; promotion ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SKIN TUMOR PROMOTION; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR WY-14,643; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BETA-CATENIN-MUTATIONS; MOUSE-LIVER TUMORS; BREAST-CANCER RISK AB This article proposes a system of categories for nonmutagenic modes of action for carcinogenesis. The classification is of modes of action rather than individual carcinogens, because the same compound can affect carcinogenesis in more than one way. Basically, we categorize modes of action as: (1) co-initiation (facilitating the original mutagenic changes in stem and progenitor cells that start the cancer process) (e.g. induction of activating enzymes for other carcinogens); (2) promotion (enhancing the relative growth vs differentiation/death of initiated clones (e.g. inhibition of growth-suppressing cell-cell communication); (3) progression (enhancing the growth, malignancy, or spread of already developed tumors) (e.g. suppression of immune surveillance, hormonally mediated growth stimulation for tumors with appropriate receptors by estrogens); and (4) multiphase (e.g., epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes). A priori, agents that act at relatively early stages in the process are expected to manifest greater relative susceptibility in early life, whereas agents that act via later stage modes will tend to show greater susceptibility for exposures later in life. C1 [Hattis, D.; Rahmioglu, N.; Goble, R.; Verma, P.; Hartman, K.; Kozlak, M.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Chu, M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hattis, D (reprint author), Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency-Order [EP05W002147] FX This research is supported by a contract with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency-Order EP05W002147. However, the conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 350 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 97 EP 138 AR PII 905514139 DI 10.1080/10408440802307467 PG 42 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 405DT UT WOS:000263203600001 PM 19009457 ER PT J AU Tan, SW Meiller, JC Mahaffey, KR AF Tan, Shirlee W. Meiller, Jesse C. Mahaffey, Kathryn R. TI The endocrine effects of mercury in humans and wildlife SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Endocrine; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA); reproductive; methylmercury (MeHg); hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG); hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT); mercury (Hg); mercury chloride (HgCl2) ID CLARIAS-BATRACHUS L; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHANNA-PUNCTATUS BLOCH; FED METHYL MERCURY; HETEROPNEUSTES-FOSSILIS BLOCH; PITUITARY-HORMONE RESPONSE; METAL-CONTAMINATED WATERS; FETAL MINAMATA DISEASE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE AB Mercury (Hg) is well studied and research continues as our knowledge of its health risks increases. One expanding area of research not well emphasized to date is the endocrine effects of Hg. This review summarizes the existing literature on the effects of Hg on the endocrine system and identifies gaps in the knowledge. It focuses on the thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive systems, including the accumulation of Hg in the endocrine system, sex differences that are manifested with Hg exposure, reproductive effects in male and female animals including humans, and Hg effects on the thyroid and adrenal systems. We concluded that there are five main endocrine-related mechanisms of Hg across these systems: (a) accumulation in the endocrine system; (b) specific cytotoxicity in endocrine tissues; (c) changes in hormone concentrations; (d) interactions with sex hormones; and (e) up-regulation or down-regulation of enzymes within the steroidogenesis pathway. Recommendations for key areas of research to better understand how the endocrine effects of Hg affect human and wildlife health were developed, and include increasing the amount of basic biological information available about Hg and wildlife species, exploring the role of Hg in the presence of other stressors and chemicals, understanding sublethal and indirect effects of Hg on adverse outcomes, developing better methods to extrapolate effects across species, and understanding the effects of Hg on multiple organ systems following exposure of an animal. Greater inclusion of endocrine endpoints in epidemiological and field studies on humans and wildlife will also advance the research in this area. C1 [Tan, Shirlee W.; Meiller, Jesse C.; Mahaffey, Kathryn R.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Tan, Shirlee W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Tan, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Mailcode 7203-M,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Tan.Shirlee@epamail.epa.gov FU American Association for the Advancement of Science; US Environmental Protection Agency; Smithsonian Institution FX The authors would like to thank Dr Kathy Shea, Dr Thomas Zoeller, Dr Katsuyuki Murata, and Dr Rebecca Klaper for critically reading individual sections and providing invaluable advice on how to better focus the paper. This paper was prepared by authors under support from or employment with the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the Smithsonian Institution. NR 390 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 12 U2 64 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 228 EP 269 AR PII 909432267 DI 10.1080/10408440802233259 PG 42 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 417SK UT WOS:000264097800002 PM 19280433 ER PT J AU Castranio, T Mishina, Y AF Castranio, Trisha Mishina, Yuji TI BMP2 Is Required for Cephalic Neural Tube Closure in the Mouse SO DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE BMP2; neural tube defects; neurulation; neural tube closure; NTD; chimera ID BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS; DEVELOPING SPINAL-CORD; TGF-BETA SUPERFAMILY; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; CREST CELLS; PAX-3 GENE; STEM-CELLS; DEFECTS; EXPRESSION AB BMPs have been shown to play a role in neural tube development particularly as dorsalizing factors. To explore the possibility that BMP2 could play a role in the developing neural tube (NT) beyond the lethality of Bmp2 null embryos, we created Bmp2 chimeras from Bmp2 null ES cells and WT blastocysts. Analysis of Bmp2 chimeras reveals NT defects at day 9.5 (E9.5). We found that exclusion of Bmp2 null ES cells from the dorsal NT did not always prevent defects. For further comparison, we used a Bmp2 mutant line in a mixed background. Phenotypes observed were similar to chimeras including open NT defects, postneurulation defects, and abnormal neural ectoderm in heterozygous and homozygous null embryos demonstrating a pattern of dose-dependent signaling. Our data exposes BMP2 as a unique player in the developing NT for dorsal patterning and identity, and normal cephalic neural tube closure in a dose-dependent manner. Developmental Dynamics 238:110-122, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 [Castranio, Trisha] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Lab Reproduct & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mishina, Yuji] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Castranio, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Lab Reproduct & Dev Toxicol, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM castran1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS/NIH [ES071003-10] FX Grant sponsor: Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS/NIH; Grant number: ES071003-10. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-8388 J9 DEV DYNAM JI Dev. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 238 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 DI 10.1002/dvdy.21829 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology GA 394PM UT WOS:000262459500011 PM 19097048 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS AF Puskin, Jerome S. TI PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF LNT FOR RADIATION PROTECTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT BY THE US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SO DOSE-RESPONSE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER MORTALITY; C3H 10T1/2 CELLS; IONIZING-RADIATION; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; TECHA RIVER; EXPOSURE; COHORT; WORKERS; INDUCTION; CONTACT AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) bases its risk assessments, regulatory limits, and nonregulatory guidelines for population exposures to low level ionizing radiation on the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis, which assumes that the risk of cancer due to a low dose exposure is proportional to dose, with no threshold. The use of LNT for radiation protection purposes has been repeatedly endorsed by authoritative scientific advisory bodies, including the National Academy of Sciences' BEIR Committees, whose recommendations form a primary basis of EPA's risk assessment methodology. Although recent radiobiological findings indicate novel damage and repair processes at low doses, LNT is supported by data from both epidemiology and radiobiology. Given the current state of the science, the consensus positions of key scientific and governmental bodies, as well as the conservatism and calculational convenience of the LNT assumption, it is unlikely that EPA will modify this approach in the near future. RP Puskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, ORIA 6608J, Ctr Sci & Technol, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM puskin.jerome@epa.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT DOSE-RESPONSE SOC PI AMHERST PA UNIV MASSACHUSETTS SPH, MORRILL SCI CTR 1, N344, 639 N PLEASANT ST, AMHERST, MA 01003-9298 USA SN 1559-3258 J9 DOSE-RESPONSE JI Dose-Response PY 2009 VL 7 IS 4 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.2203/dose-response.09-005.Puskin PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology GA 527WT UT WOS:000272402400001 PM 20011649 ER PT J AU Auttachoat, W Germolec, DR Collins, BJ Luebke, RW White, KL Guo, TL AF Auttachoat, Wimolnut Germolec, Dori R. Collins, Bradley J. Luebke, Robert W. White, Kimber L., Jr. Guo, Tai L. TI Immunotoxicological profile of chloroform in female B6C3F1 mice when administered in drinking water SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chloroform; Immunotoxicity; Disinfection by-products ID MALE OSBORNE-MENDEL; MALE F344 RATS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; CORN-OIL; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; NASAL PASSAGES; AD-LIBITUM; LIVER AB Chloroform can be formed as a disinfection by-product during water chlorination, one of the primary modalities for purifying municipal water supplies for human consumption. The aim of this study was to characterize the immunotoxic effects of chloroform in female B6C3F1 mice when exposure occurred via the drinking water. Consistent with human exposure, female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to chloroform-containing drinking water at 2.5, 10, 25, 100, and 250 ppm for 28 days. The examined endpoints included the effects of chloroform on body and organ weights, water consumption, hematology, innate immunity, humoral immunity, and cell-mediated immunity. The functions of natural killer, B-, and T-cells were not altered by chloroform in drinking water at the concentrations tested, except that an increase in splenocyte basal proliferation was observed at chloroform levels of 100 and 250 ppm. Following chloroform administration, there was a decreased number of circulating neutrophils in the blood in all treatment groups, but neutrophil function in lung homogenates, as evaluated using an assay for myeloperoxidase activity following lipopolysaccharide and N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation, was not compromised. Further, the results of host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection also suggested that neutrophil function was normal. At the highest treatment level of chloroform (250 ppm), erythrocyte number and hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased. Some significant changes were also observed for body weights, water consumption, and organ weights; however, most of these effects were only observed at the highest treatment level of chloroform (250 ppm). Taken together, the results demonstrate that while chloroform administered via the drinking water affects body weight and selected hematological parameters at high dose levels, overall immune responses, as measured in several tests for immune function, are not compromised. C1 [Auttachoat, Wimolnut; White, Kimber L., Jr.; Guo, Tai L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Germolec, Dori R.; Collins, Bradley J.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Guo, TL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, POB 980613, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM tlguo@vcu.edu FU EPA [DW75937992]; NIEHS [ES55094] FX This work was supported, in part, by EPA Interagency Agreement DW75937992 and the Division of Intramural Research at the NIEHS through Contract ES55094. The authors would like to thank D.L. Musgrove and R.D. Brown for their technical help, and M.J. Smith for proofreading. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1080/01480540802433880 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 453DM UT WOS:000266590400011 PM 19514942 ER PT J AU Scollon, EJ Starr, JM Godin, SJ DeVito, MJ Hughes, MF AF Scollon, Edward J. Starr, James M. Godin, Stephen J. DeVito, Michael J. Hughes, Michael F. TI In Vitro Metabolism of Pyrethroid Pesticides by Rat and Human Hepatic Microsomes and Cytochrome P450 Isoforms SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID LIVER-MICROSOMES; HYDROLYTIC METABOLISM; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; DRUG-METABOLISM; BRAIN LEVELS; DELTAMETHRIN; NEUROTOXICITY; CARBOXYLESTERASES; INSECTICIDES; PREDICTION AB Species differences in the intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) and the enzymes involved in the metabolism of pyrethroid pesticides were examined in rat and human hepatic microsomes. The pyrethroids bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin, bioresmethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, cis-permethrin, and trans-permethrin were incubated in rat and human hepatic microsomes in the presence or absence of NADPH. Metabolism was measured using a parent depletion approach. The CLint of the pyrethroids was 5- to 15-fold greater in rat relative to human microsomes except for trans-permethrin, which was approximately 45% greater in human microsomes. The metabolism of bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin, and cis-permethrin in rat and human hepatic microsomes was solely the result of oxidative processes. The metabolism of bioresmethrin and cypermethrin in human hepatic microsomes was solely the result of hydrolytic processes. Bioresmethrin and cypermethrin in rat hepatic microsomes and beta-cyfluthrin and trans-permethrin in microsomes from both species were metabolized by both oxidative and hydrolytic pathways. The metabolism of trans-permethrin was reduced when incubated with its diastereomer, cis-permethrin, in both rat and human hepatic microsomes. Rat cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms that showed activity toward several pyrethroids included CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2C11, CYP3A1, and CYP3A2. Human P450 isoforms that showed activity toward multiple pyrethroids were CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Species-specific differences in metabolism may result in variable detoxification of pyrethroids, which may in turn result in divergent neurotoxic outcomes. These species differences and isomer interactions in metabolism of pyrethroids should be considered when assessing the potential adverse health effects of pyrethroid pesticides. C1 [Scollon, Edward J.; Starr, James M.; DeVito, Michael J.; Hughes, Michael F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Scollon, Edward J.; Starr, James M.; DeVito, Michael J.; Hughes, Michael F.] Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Godin, Stephen J.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov FU National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Environmental Protection Agency [CT826513] FX This work was supported in part by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Environmental Protection Agency [ Grant CT826513]. NR 25 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1124/dmd.108.022343 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 387CA UT WOS:000261928100029 PM 18948380 ER PT S AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. BE Ballini, R TI Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis via Mechanochemical Mixing and Microwave Irradiation SO ECO-FRIENDLY SYNTHESIS OF FINE CHEMICALS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLVENT-FREE SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; BIOACTIVE HETEROCYCLES; IONIC LIQUIDS; BALL-MILL; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; EXPEDITIOUS SYNTHESIS; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; COUPLING REACTIONS C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-84755-908-1 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2009 IS 3 BP 275 EP 292 DI 10.1039/9781847559760-00275 D2 10.1039/9781847559760 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BJZ87 UT WOS:000267553300008 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Wade, TG AF Riitters, Kurt H. Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. TI An indicator of forest dynamics using a shifting landscape mosaic SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Markov model; land-cover pattern; risk assessment AB The composition of a landscape is a fundamental indicator in land-cover pattern assessments. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a landscape composition indicator called 'landscape mosaic' as a framework for interpreting land-cover dynamics over a 9-year period in a 360,000 km(2) study area in the southern United States. The indicator classified a land parcel into one of 19 possible landscape mosaic classes according to the proportions of natural, developed, and agriculture land-cover types in a surrounding 4.41-ha neighborhood. Using land-cover maps from remote sensing, the landscape mosaics were calculated for each 0.09-ha pixel in the study area in 1996 and 2005. Mosaic transition matrices estimated from the pixel change data were then used to develop two Markov chain models. A "landscape mosaic" model was a temporal model of the shifting landscape mosaic, based on the probability of landscape mosaic change for all pixels. A "forest security" model was the same, except that the Markov states were defined by both the landscape mosaic and the land-cover of each pixel, which allowed interpreting forest land-cover dynamics in the context of a shifting landscape mosaic. In the forest security model, the overall percentage of forest decreased from 33% in 2005 to 17% at steady-state, and there was little change in the relative distribution of existing forest area among landscape mosaic classes. In contrast, the landscape mosaic steady-state was reached later, and indicated that a maximum of 10% of total area was available for forest. The implication was that forest security depended ultimately on the dynamics of the landscape mosaics that contained forest, not on forest dynamics within those landscape mosaics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US Environm Protect Agcy E243 05, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service Research and Development FX Funding was provided by the Quantitative Sciences Staff, U.S. Forest Service Research and Development. This manuscript has been subjected to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.02.003 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357JR UT WOS:000259842600009 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Fritz, KM Blocksom, KA Walters, DM AF Johnson, Brent R. Fritz, Ken M. Blocksom, Karen A. Walters, David M. TI Larval salamanders and channel geomorphology are indicators of hydrologic permanence in forested headwater streams SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE assessment; ephemeral; Eurycea; Gyrinophilus; intermittent; jurisdictional waters; perennial; temporary; refugia ID EURYCEA-BISLINEATA; LIFE-HISTORY; GYRINOPHILUS-PORPHYRITICUS; DESMOGNATHINE SALAMANDERS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; CLASSIFICATION TREES; POPULATION DYNAMICS; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; SIZE; METAMORPHOSIS AB Regulatory agencies need rapid indicators of hydrologic permanence for jurisdictional determinations of headwater streams. The study objective was to assess the utility of larval salamanders and habitat variables for determining stream permanence across a large geographic area. We sampled four core forests (61 sites in IN, KY, and OH) in spring (April-May) and summer (August-September) over a 2-year period. Sites in each forest were selected to cover a gradient of permanence, from perennial to ephemeral. Salamanders were collected by both benthic core sampling and timed visual search on each site visit. Classification and regression tree (CART) models were used to identify indicators of seasonal permanence at core sites that were then tested using data collected from 6 satellite forests (52 sites) located nationwide. Southern two-lined salamanders, Eurycea cirrigera, were numerically dominant and were the only species included in CART models. Salamander diversity declined with distance from the Appalachians and strong longitudinal changes in assemblage composition were evident within streams. Abundance of E. cirrigera was positively correlated with watershed area, whereas dusky salamanders, Desmognathus spp., and spring salamanders, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, comprised a greater proportion of salamander communities at intermittent sites within their range. Spring and summer CART models incorporated E. cirrigera abundance and measures of channel geomorphology to accurately classify approximately 80% of core sites as either ephemeral, intermittent or perennial. When applied to validation data from national satellite forests, correct classification rates were >85% for intermittent and ephemeral sites, but were only similar to 20% for perennial sites. These findings suggest that larval plethodontid salamanders and habitat variables can be valuable predictors of headwater stream hydroperiod, but indicators are largely limited to the regional scale. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, Brent R.; Fritz, Ken M.; Blocksom, Karen A.; Walters, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Johnson.brent@epa.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [68D01048 (7/1/2001-6/30/2006), DW89938954] FX We thank Brad Autrey, Joe Flotemersch, Michael Moeykens, Lori Stolz, Eric O'Neal, Allison Roy, Chuck Lane, and Molly Reif for assistance in the field and laboratory. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract numbers 68D01048 (7/1/2001-6/30/2006) to SoBran/UES and DW89938954 to ORISE. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.03.001 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357JR UT WOS:000259842600013 ER PT J AU Hecht, AD Shaw, D Bruins, R Dale, V Kline, K Chen, A AF Hecht, Alan D. Shaw, Denice Bruins, Randy Dale, Virginia Kline, Keith Chen, Alice TI Good policy follows good science: using criteria and indicators for assessing sustainable biofuel production SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Biofuels; Criteria; Indicators; Sustainability AB Developing scientific criteria and indicators should play a critical role in charting a sustainable path for the rapidly developing biofuel industry. The challenge ahead in developing such criteria and indicators is to address the limitations on data and modeling. C1 [Hecht, Alan D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Shaw, Denice] Natl Ctr Environm Assessment ORD, Washington, DC USA. [Bruins, Randy] Natl Exposure Res Lab ORD, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Dale, Virginia; Kline, Keith] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Alice] EPA ORD, AAAS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hecht, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Hecht.alan@EPA.gov RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009; Fernandez-Tirado, Francisca/F-3380-2010; OI Kline, Keith/0000-0003-2294-1170 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s10646-008-0293-y PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396JY UT WOS:000262589200001 PM 19096933 ER PT J AU Young, JC Freeman, AD Bruce, RM Williams, D Maruya, K AF Young, James C. Freeman, Anne D. Bruce, Robert M. Williams, Douglas Maruya, Keith TI Comparing the mutagenicity of toxaphene after aging in anoxic soils and accumulating in fish SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Toxaphene; Fish; Contaminated soil; Mutagenicity; Chlorinated pesticide; Reductive dechlorination ID DECHLORINATION; COMPONENTS; MIXTURE; LAKE AB A test program was conducted to evaluate the mutagenicity of toxaphene residuals extracted from aged soils and from fish collected in creeks near a toxaphene-contaminated site. The ultimate objective was to determine if the residual toxaphene congeners were more or less mutagenic than those in technical-grade toxaphene. The study showed that the mutagenicity of the bioaccumulated toxaphene congeners in fish, expressed as colony revertants per mu g of residual toxaphene, was no greater than that of technical-grade toxaphene. The mutagenic impact of the toxaphene residuals in aged soil statistically was less than that for technical-grade toxaphene. Two specific congeners, a hexachlorobornane (labeled Hx-Sd) and a heptachlorobornane (labeled Hp-Sd), were found to accumulate over time in both soil and fish extracts, but did not show increased mutagenic impacts relative to that produced by technical-grade toxaphene. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, James C.; Freeman, Anne D.] EnviTreat Llc, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bruce, Robert M.; Williams, Douglas] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Maruya, Keith] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. RP Young, JC (reprint author), EnviTreat Llc, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jcyuark@aol.com FU Office of Research and Development of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH [9C-R570-NASA, 1C-R234-NASA] FX The work described in this paper was conducted under agreements 9C-R570-NASA and 1C-R234-NASA with the Office of Research and Development of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. No humans or experimental animals were used as test subjects in the conduct of the test program. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.03.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 368YS UT WOS:000260660100021 PM 18508121 ER PT J AU Goettle, RJ Fawcett, AA AF Goettle, Richard J. Fawcett, Allen A. TI The structural effects of cap and trade climate policy SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cap and trade; Allowance prices; Climate policy; Welfare; Capital and labor markets; Induced technical change; Revenue recycling AB The Inter-temporal General Equilibrium Model (IGEM) explores the cost to the U.S. economy of increasingly more stringent cap and trade regimes. The economy-wide losses are small with energy, agriculture, chemicals, high tech manufacturing and trade being most affected. The availability of lower cost offsets substantially reduces these economic losses. The economy becomes less capital but more labor intensive. Household welfare losses are smaller for full consumption (goods, services and leisure). A more inelastic trade-off between consumption and leisure dramatically reduces policy costs as do more favorable revenue recycling options. Induced technical change yields a small, measurable reduction in policy costs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goettle, Richard J.] Northeastern Univ, Coll Business Adm, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fawcett, Allen A.] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Goettle, RJ (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Coll Business Adm, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM r.goettle@neu.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PY 2009 VL 31 BP S244 EP S253 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2009.06.016 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 540YS UT WOS:000273377900017 ER PT J AU Ross, MT Fawcett, AA Clapp, CS AF Ross, Martin T. Fawcett, Allen A. Clapp, Christa S. TI US climate mitigation pathways post-2012: Transition scenarios in ADAGE SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; EMF AB The transition from the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels currently allowed under the Kyoto Protocol climate agreement to more ambitious, and internationally comprehensive, GHG reduction goals will have important implications for the global economic system. Given the major role that the United States plays in the global economy, and also as a major GHG emitter, this paper examines a range of climate policy pathways for the country in the context of international actions. The ADAGE model is used to examine policy impacts for climate scenarios, focusing on key factors such as emissions, technology deployment, macroeconomic indicators and international trade. In general, the simulations indicate that reductions in GHG emissions can be accomplished with limited economic adjustments, although impacts depend on the future availability of new low-carbon technologies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ross, Martin T.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Fawcett, Allen A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Clapp, Christa S.] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-75775 Paris, France. RP Ross, MT (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mross@rti.org NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PY 2009 VL 31 BP S212 EP S222 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2009.06.002 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 540YS UT WOS:000273377900014 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JC Jinot, J Devoney, D Gift, JS AF Caldwell, Jane C. Jinot, Jennifer Devoney, Danielle Gift, Jeffrey S. TI Comment on "Evaluation of Evidence for Infection as the Mode of Action for Induction of Rat Lymphoma" by Caldwell et al. [2008] Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Letter ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; CARCINOGENICITY; ASPARTAME; EXPOSURE; BIOASSAYS; NEOPLASMS; LIFE C1 [Caldwell, Jane C.; Jinot, Jennifer; Devoney, Danielle; Gift, Jeffrey S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Caldwell, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1002/em.20464 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 396AO UT WOS:000262564800003 ER PT J AU Grange, AH AF Grange, Andrew H. TI Rapid Semi-Quantitative Surface Mapping of Airborne-Dispersed Chemicals Using Mass Spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE DART; dispersed chemical; contaminant map; high throughput; rapid analysis ID ION-SOURCE; OPEN-AIR; MAXIMIZE THROUGHPUT; AUTOSAMPLER AB Chemicals are dispersed accidentally, deliberately, or by weather-related events. Rapid mapping of contaminant distributions is necessary to assess exposure risks and to plan remediation. Powdered aspirin or caffeine was dispersed across a concrete driveway using the exhaust port of a shop vacuum cleaner. Water-soaked, cotton-swab, wipe samples were collected to map the dispersant distribution. An autosampler/direct analysis in real time (DART [IonSense, Saugus, MA])/time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used to acquire an ion chromatogram for the most abundant ion. A semi-quantitation map for several levels of caffeine was plotted to demonstrate the feasibility of applying this technology to contaminated sites. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM grange@andrew.epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the US EPA peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 183 EP 195 AR PII 914505239 DI 10.1080/15275920903140379 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 491NA UT WOS:000269584500002 ER PT J AU Makris, SL Raffaele, K Allen, S Bowers, WJ Hass, U Alleva, E Calamandrei, G Sheets, L Amcoff, P Delrue, N Crofton, KM AF Makris, Susan L. Raffaele, Kathleen Allen, Sandra Bowers, Wayne J. Hass, Ulla Alleva, Enrico Calamandrei, Gemma Sheets, Larry Amcoff, Patric Delrue, Nathalie Crofton, Kevin M. TI A Retrospective Performance Assessment of the Developmental Neurotoxicity Study in Support of OECD Test Guideline 426 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE children's health; developmental neurotoxicity; guideline; hazard assessment; Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development; risk assessment; US Environmental Protection Agency ID COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; NEUROBEHAVIORAL SCREENING METHODS; EXPERT WORKING GROUP; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL END-POINTS; HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPING NERVOUS-SYSTEM; QUANTITATIVE COMPARABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; SAFETY ASSESSMENT AB OBJECTIVE: We conducted a review of the history and performance of developmental neurotoxicity mic (DNT) testing in support of the finalization and implementation of Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) DNT test guideline 426 (TG 426). INFORMATION SOURCES AND ANALYSIS: In this review we summarize extensive scientific efforts that form the foundation for this testing paradigm, including basic neurotoxicology research, interlaboratory collaborative studies, expert workshops, and validation studies, and we address the relevance, applicability, and use of the DNT study in risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The OECD DNT guideline represents the best available science for assessing the potential for DNT in human health risk assessment, and data generated with this protocol are relevant and reliable for the assessment of these end points. The test methods used have been subjected to an extensive history of international validation, peer review, and evaluation, which is contained in the public record. The reproducibility, reliability, and sensitivity of these methods have been demonstrated, using a wide variety of test substances, in accordance with OECD guidance on the validation and international acceptance of new or updated test methods for hazard characterization. Multiple independent, expert scientific peer reviews affirm these conclusions. C1 [Makris, Susan L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Raffaele, Kathleen] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Allen, Sandra] Syngenta CTL, Chester, Cheshire, England. [Bowers, Wayne J.] Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Sci Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Hass, Ulla] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Dept Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Soborg, Denmark. [Alleva, Enrico; Calamandrei, Gemma] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Biol Cellulare & Neurosci, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Sheets, Larry] Bayer CropSci LP, Stilwell, KS USA. [Amcoff, Patric; Delrue, Nathalie] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, Paris, France. [Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Makris, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCEA, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM makris.susan@epa.gov RI Alleva, Enrico/B-1630-2013; Calamandrei, Gemma/M-3815-2014; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 147 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1289/ehp.11447 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 394WN UT WOS:000262483900024 PM 19165382 ER PT J AU Gottipolu, RR Wallenborn, JG Karoly, ED Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Krantz, T Linak, WP Nyska, A Johnson, JA Thomas, R Richards, JE Jaskot, RH Kodavanti, UP AF Gottipolu, Reddy R. Wallenborn, J. Grace Karoly, Edward D. Schladweiler, Mette C. Ledbetter, Allen D. Krantz, Todd Linak, William P. Nyska, Abraham Johnson, Jo Anne Thomas, Ronald Richards, Judy E. Jaskot, Richard H. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI One-Month Diesel Exhaust Inhalation Produces Hypertensive Gene Expression Pattern in Healthy Rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; cardiac gene expression profile; diesel exhaust; hypertension; mitochondria; particulate matter ID PARTICULATE MATTER PM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; APOE(-/-) MICE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; WISTAR-KYOTO; PARTICLES; PULMONARY; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) is linked to vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial ischemia in compromised individuals. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that DE inhalation would cause greater inflammation, hematologic alterations, and cardiac molecular impairment in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats than in healthy Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male rats (12-14 weeks of age) were exposed to air or DE from a 30-kW Deutz engine at 500 or 2,000 mu g/m(3), 4 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Neutrophilic influx was noted in the lung lavage fluid of both strains, but injury markers were minimally changed. Particle-laden macrophages were apparent histologically in DE-exposed rats. Lower baseline cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities were present in SH than in WKY rats; however, no DE effects were noted. Cardiac mitochondrial aconitase activity decreased after DE exposure in both strains. Electron microscopy indicated abnormalities in cardiac mitochondria of control SH but no DE effects. Gene expression profiling demonstrated alterations in 377 genes by DE in WKY but none in SH rats. The direction of DE-induced changes in WKY mimicked expression pattern of control SH rats without DE. Most genes affected by DE were down-regulated in WKY. The same genes were down-regulated in SH without DE producing a hypertensive-like expression pattern. The down-regulated genes included those that regulate compensatory response, matrix metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress response. No up-regulation of inflammatory genes was noted. CONCLUSIONS: We provide the evidence that DE inhalation produces a hypertensive-like cardiac gene expression pattern associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress in healthy rats. C1 [Gottipolu, Reddy R.; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Krantz, Todd; Thomas, Ronald; Richards, Judy E.; Jaskot, Richard H.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wallenborn, J. Grace] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Karoly, Edward D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Linak, William P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Johnson, Jo Anne] NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1289/ehp.11647 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 394WN UT WOS:000262483900027 PM 19165385 ER PT J AU Mahaffey, KR Clickner, RP Jeffries, RA AF Mahaffey, Kathryn R. Clickner, Robert P. Jeffries, Rebecca A. TI Adult Women's Blood Mercury Concentrations Vary Regionally in the United States: Association with Patterns of Fish Consumption (NHANES 1999-2004) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood; coastal; fish; mercury; NHANES; regional ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION; CHILDBEARING AGE; DIETARY SOURCES; HEAVY-METALS; CORD BLOOD; HEALTH; POPULATION; HAIR; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS AB BACKGROUND: The current, continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has included blood mercury (BHg) and fish/shellfish consumption since it began in 1999. NHANES 1999-2004 data form the basis for these analyses. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine BHg distributions within U.S. Census regions and within coastal and noncoastal areas among women of childbearing age, their association with patterns of fish consumption, and changes from 1999 through 2004. METHODS: We performed univariate and bivariate analyses to determine the distribution of BHg and fish consumption in the population and to investigate differences by geography, race/ethnicity, and income. We used multivariate analysis (regression) to determine the strongest predictors of BHg among geography, demographic factors, and fish consumption. RESULTS.. Elevated BHg occurred more commonly among women of childbearing age living in coastal areas of the United States (approximately one in six women). Regionally, exposures differ across the United States: Northeast > South and West > Midwest. Asian women and women with higher income ate more fish and had higher BHg. Time-trend analyses identified reduced BHg and reduced intake of Hg in the upper percentiles without an overall reduction of fish consumption. CONCLUSIONS: BHg is associated with income, ethnicity, residence (census region and coastal proximity). From 1999 through 2004, BHg decreased without a concomitant decrease in fish consumption. Data are consistent with a shift over this time period in fish species in women's diets. C1 [Mahaffey, Kathryn R.] US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mahaffey, Kathryn R.; Clickner, Robert P.; Jeffries, Rebecca A.] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Mahaffey, KR (reprint author), Westat Corp, RW 3514,1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM KathrynMahaffey@westat.com NR 56 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 44 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1289/ehp.11674 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 394WN UT WOS:000262483900028 PM 19165386 ER PT J AU Hines, EP Calatat, AM Silva, MJ Mendola, P Fenton, SE AF Hines, Erin P. Calatat, Antonia M. Silva, Manori J. Mendola, Pauline Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites in Milk, Urine, Saliva, and Serum of Lactating North Carolina Women SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; breast milk; lactation; MAMA study; phthalates; saliva; serum; urine ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)-PHTHALATE; DIETHYL PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MALE RATS; EXPOSURE; ESTERS; BIOMARKERS; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND: Phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment, but concentrations in multiple media from breast-feeding U.S. women have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to accurately measure and compare the concentrations of oxidative monoester phthalate metabolites in milk and surrogate fluids (serum, saliva, and urine) of 33 lactating North Carolina women. METHODS: We analyzed serum, saliva, urine, and milk for the oxidative phthalate metabolites mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono(2ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Because only urine lacks esterases, we analyzed it for the hydrolytic phthalate monoesters. RESULTS: We detected phthalate metabolites in few milk (10%) and saliva samples. MECPP was detected in > 80% of serum samples, but other metabolites were less common (3-22%). Seven of the 10 urinary metabolites were detectable in >= 85% of samples. Monoethyl phthalate had the highest mean concentration in urine. Metabolite concentrations differed by body fluid (urine > serum > milk and saliva). Questionnaire data suggest that frequent nail polish use, immunoglobulin A, and fasting serum glucose and triglyceride levels were increased among women with higher concentrations of urinary and/or serum phthalate metabolites; motor vehicle age was inversely correlated with certain urinary phthalate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that phthalate metabolites are most frequently detected in urine of lactating women and are less often detected in serum, milk, or saliva. Urinary phthalate concentrations reflect maternal exposure and do not represent the concentrations of oxidative metabolites in other body fluids, especially milk. C1 [Hines, Erin P.; Fenton, Suzanne E.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERS, Reprod Toxicol Div,Dev Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Calatat, Antonia M.; Silva, Manori J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mendola, Pauline] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERS, Reprod Toxicol Div,Dev Biol Branch, 2525 Hwy 54,MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 54 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 10 U2 58 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1289/ehp.11610 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 394WN UT WOS:000262483900034 PM 19165392 ER PT J AU Johnson, T Weaver, C AF Johnson, Thomas E. Weaver, Christopher P. TI A Framework for Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Water and Watershed Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate; Assessment; Framework; Decision support; Management; Risk; Uncertainty; Monocacy ID DECISION-MAKING; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; UNITED-STATES; TOOL; ASSESSMENTS; SCIENCE; FUTURE AB In this article we present a framework for assessing climate change impacts on water and watershed systems to support management decision-making. The framework addresses three issues complicating assessments of climate change impacts-linkages across spatial scales, linkages across temporal scales, and linkages across scientific and management disciplines. A major theme underlying the framework is that, due to current limitations in modeling capabilities, assessing and responding to climate change should be approached from the perspective of risk assessment and management rather than as a prediction problem. The framework is based generally on ecological risk assessment and similar approaches. A second theme underlying the framework is the need for close collaboration among climate scientists, scientists interested in assessing impacts, and resource managers and decision makers. A case study illustrating an application of the framework is also presented that provides a specific, practical example of how the framework was used to assess the impacts of climate change on water quality in a mid-Atlantic, U.S., watershed. C1 [Johnson, Thomas E.; Weaver, Christopher P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Johnson, T (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM johnson.thomas@epa.gov RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451 NR 57 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 118 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9205-4 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384RW UT WOS:000261762900011 PM 18830740 ER PT J AU Mahaffey, KR AF Mahaffey, Kathtyn R. TI Response to Commentary on "Studies of fish consumption as source of methylmercury should consider fishmeal-fed farmed fish and other animal foods" by Professor Dorea SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOTAL DIET; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ELEMENTS; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; PESTICIDES; SHELLFISH C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mahaffey, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Code 7201M,1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM krmahaffey@starpower.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 109 IS 1 BP 133 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.10.005 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 394QK UT WOS:000262462100019 ER PT J AU Phenrat, T Long, TC Lowry, GV Veronesi, B AF Phenrat, Tanapon Long, Thomas C. Lowry, Gregory V. Veronesi, Bellina TI Partial Oxidation ("Aging") and Surface Modification Decrease the Toxicity of Nanosized Zerovalent Iron SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; TCE DECHLORINATION; WATER SUSPENSIONS; BRAIN MICROGLIA; BV2 MICROGLIA; POROUS-MEDIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; NANOPARTICLES AB Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a "redox"-active nanomaterial used in the remediation of contaminated groundwater. To assess the effect of "aging" and surface modification on its potential neurotoxicity, cultured rodent microglia (M) and neurons (N27) were exposed to fresh nZVI, aged" (> 11 months) nZVI, magnetite, and polyaspartate surface-modified ISM) nZVI. Increases in various measures of oxidative stress indicated that BV2 microglia responded to these materials in the following rank order: nZVI > "aged" nZVI > magnetite = SM nZVI. Fresh nZVI produced morphological evidence of mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis. In N27 neurons, ATP levels were reduced in the following rank order: nZVI > SM-nZVI > "aged" nZVI = magnetite. Ultrastructurally, nZVI produced a perinuclear floccular material and cytoplasmic granularity. Both SM-nZVI produced intracellular deposits of nanosize particles in the N27. The physicochemical properties of each material, measured under exposure conditions, indicated that all had electronegative zeta potentials. The iron content of nZVI (similar to 35%) and SM-nZVI (similar to 25%) indicated high "redox" activity while that of "aged" and magnetite was neglibile. Sedimentation and agglomeration occurred in the following rank order: nZVI > "aged" nZVI > magnetite >> SM-nZVI. Correlating these properties with toxicity indicated that partial or complete oxidation of nZVI reduced its "redox" activity, agglomeration, sedimentation rate, and toxicity to mammalian cells. Surface modification decreased nZVI toxicity by reducing sedimentation which limited particle exposure to the cells. C1 [Veronesi, Bellina] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Phenrat, Tanapon; Lowry, Gregory V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Long, Thomas C.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Phenrat, Tanapon; Lowry, Gregory V.] CEINT, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM veronesi.bellina@epa.gov OI Phenrat, Tanapon/0000-0003-2179-042X FU EPA Professional Service [EP06DO00663]; Royal Thai Government; Department of Defense [W912FIQ-06-C-0038]; U.S. EPA [R833326] FX We thank Dr. John Hong, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, RTP, NC for the BV2 and N27 immortalized cell lines. We also acknowledge the expert preparation of electron microscopy samples by Robert Bagnell, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Funding for the technical support of T.C.L. was provided by EPA Professional Service Contract EP06DO00663. Funding support for T.P. was provided by the Royal Thai Government and the Department of Defense (W912FIQ-06-C-0038) and the U.S. EPA (R833326). This document has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute the endorsement of recommendation for use: NR 50 TC 118 Z9 124 U1 7 U2 106 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1021/es801955n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000035 PM 19209606 ER PT J AU Viant, MR Bearden, DW Bundy, JG Burton, IW Collette, TW Ekman, DR Ezernieks, V Karakach, TK Lin, CY Rochfort, S De Ropp, JS Teng, Q Tieerdema, RS Walter, JA Wu, H AF Viant, Mark R. Bearden, Daniel W. Bundy, Jaco G. Burton, Ian W. Collette, Timothy W. Ekman, Drew R. Ezernieks, Vilnis Karakach, Tobias K. Lin, Ching Yu Rochfort, Simone De Ropp, Jeffrey S. Teng, Quincy Tieerdema, Ronald S. Walter, John A. Wu, Huifeng TI International NMR-Based Environmental Metabolomics Intercomparison Exercise SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; METABONOMICS; ORGANISMS; PROTOCOL; OMICS; FIELD AB Several fundamental requirements must be met so that NMR-based metabolomics and the related technique of metabonomics can be formally adopted into environmental monitoring and chemical risk assessment. Here we report an intercomparison exercise which has evaluated the effectiveness of (1)H NMR metabolomics to generate comparable data sets from environmentally derived samples. It focuses on laboratory practice that follows sample collection and metabolite extraction, specifically the final stages of sample preparation, NMR data collection (500, 600, and 800 MHz), data processing, and multivariate analysis. Seven laboratories have participated from the U.S.A., Canada, U.K., and Australia, generating a total of ten data sets. Phase 1 comprised the analysis of synthetic metabolite mixtures,while Phase 2 investigated European flounder (Platichthys flesus) liver extracts from clean and contaminated sites. Overall, the comparability of data sets from the participating laboratories was good. Principal components analyses (PCA) of the individual data sets yielded ten highly similar scores plots for the synthetic mixtures,with a comparable result for the liver extracts. Furthermore, the same metabolic biomarkers; that discriminated fish from clean and contaminated sites were discovered by all the laboratories. PICA of the combined data sets showed excellent clustering of the multiple analyses. These results demonstrate that NMR-based metabolomics can generate data that are sufficiently comparable between laboratories to support its continued evaluation for regulatory environmental studies. C1 [Viant, Mark R.; Wu, Huifeng] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bundy, Jaco G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Biomol Med, Div Surg Oncol Reprod Biol & Anaesthet SORA, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Burton, Ian W.; Karakach, Tobias K.; Walter, John A.] NRC Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. [Collette, Timothy W.; Ekman, Drew R.; Teng, Quincy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ezernieks, Vilnis; Rochfort, Simone] Dept Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. [Lin, Ching Yu; De Ropp, Jeffrey S.; Tieerdema, Ronald S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Viant, MR (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM M.Viant@bham.ac.uk; Dan.Bearden@nist.gov RI Bundy, Jacob/C-2131-2008; Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009; Wu, Huifeng/E-4886-2016; OI Bundy, Jacob/0000-0002-1164-8465; Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119; Wu, Huifeng/0000-0002-4042-8103; LIN, CHING-YU/0000-0002-7144-0383; Rochfort, Simone/0000-0001-8442-6081 FU UK NERC [NE/D000793/1]; Post Genomic and Proteomic Directed Program [NE/C507661/1]; NERC [NER/J/S/2002/00618] FX This work was partially funded by the UK NERC via an International Opportunities Award (NE/D000793/1) and Post Genomic and Proteomic Directed Program (NE/C507661/1). M.R.V. additionally thanks the NERC for an Advanced Fellowship (NER/J/S/2002/00618). The authors thank Dr. Brett Lyons (Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science) for the flounder livers. We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility and David Keiser (Bio21) for assistance and access to NMR instrumentation. Commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST or EPA, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. M.R.V. and D.W.B. contributed equally to this work. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1021/es802198z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000039 PM 19209610 ER PT J AU Vu, KD Tyagi, RD Brar, SK Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Vu, Khanh Dang Tyagi, R. D. Brar, S. K. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Starch industry wastewater for production of biopesticides - ramifications of solids concentrations SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis var; kurstaki HD-1; delta-endotoxin; entomotoxicity; solids concentration; starch industry wastewater ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP KURSTAKI; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEIN; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ZWITTERMICIN-A; RAW-MATERIAL; SLUDGE; FORMULATIONS; SPORULATION; NITROGEN AB Total solids (TS) concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 g L-1 of starch industry wastewater (SIW) were tested as raw material for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (Btk) biopesticide in shake flasks and a 15 L bench-scale fermenter. Shake flask studies revealed a higher delta-endotoxin concentration of Btk at 30 g L-1 TS concentration and 2.5% (v v-1) volume of pre-culture. The fermenter experiments conducted using SIW at 30 g L-1 TS concentration under controlled conditions of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen showed higher spore count, enzyme production (protease and amylase) and delta-endotoxin concentration as compared with those of SIW at 15 g L-1 TS concentration. The entomotoxicity, at the end of fermentation, with SIW at 30 g L-1 solids concentration (17.8 109 SBU L-1, measured against spruce budworm) was considerably higher as compared with entomotoxicity at 15 g L-1 solids concentration (15.3 109 SBU L-1) and semi-synthetic medium (11.7 109 SBU L-1). The pellet, comprising spores and delta-endotoxin complex obtained after centrifugation and followed by resuspension (in supernatant) in one-tenth of the original volume, of SIW at 30 g L-1 solids concentration media registered the highest potential for application (to protect forests against spruce budworm) than other media in term of entomotoxicity. C1 [Vu, Khanh Dang; Tyagi, R. D.; Brar, S. K.; Valero, J. R.] Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, STP235071] FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, STP235071, Canada Research Chair) for financial support. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 393 EP 405 AR PII 909710975 DI 10.1080/09593330902753495 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 421FF UT WOS:000264344100008 PM 19492550 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Perron, MM Friedman, CL Suuberg, EM Pennell, KG Cantwell, MG Pelletier, MC Ho, KT Serbst, JR Ryba, SA AF Burgess, Robert M. Perron, Monique M. Friedman, Carey L. Suuberg, Eric M. Pennell, Kelly G. Cantwell, Mark G. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Ho, Kay T. Serbst, Jonathan R. Ryba, Stephan A. TI EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF COAL FLY ASH AMENDMENTS ON THE TOXICITY OF A CONTAMINATED MARINE SEDIMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Marine toxicity; Coal fly ash; Contaminated sediments; Remediation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ACTIVATED CARBON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MACOMA-BALTHICA; AMMONIA; BIOACCUMULATION; ADSORPTION; REMOVAL; MERCURY AB Approaches for cleaning up contaminated sediments range from dredging to in situ treatment. In this study, we discuss the effects of amending reference and contaminated sediments with coal fly ash to reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of a field sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Six fly ashes and a coconut charcoal were evaluated in 7-d whole sediment toxicity tests with a marine amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) and mysid (Americamysis bahia). Fly ashes with high carbon content and the coconut charcoal showed proficiency at reducing toxicity. Some of the fly ashes demonstrated toxicity in the reference treatments. It is suspected that some of this toxicity is related to the presence of ammonia associated with fly ashes as a result of postoxidation treatment to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. Relatively simple methods exist to remove ammonia from fly ash before use, and fly ashes with low ammonia content are available. Fly ashes were also shown to effectively reduce overlying water concentrations of several PAHs. No evidence was seen of the release of the metals cadmium, copper, nickel, or lead from the fly ashes. A preliminary 28-d polychaete bioaccumulation study with one of the high-carbon fly ashes and a reference sediment was also performed. Although preliminary, no evidence was seen of adverse effects to worm growth or lipid content or of accumulation of PAHs or mercury from exposure to the fly ash. These data show fly ashes with high carbon content could represent viable remedial materials for reducing the bioavailability of organic contaminants in sediments. C1 [Burgess, Robert M.; Cantwell, Mark G.; Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Ho, Kay T.; Serbst, Jonathan R.; Ryba, Stephan A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Perron, Monique M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Friedman, Carey L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Suuberg, Eric M.; Pennell, Kelly G.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov OI Pennell, Kelly G./0000-0003-3423-9610 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES013660] NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 26 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1897/08-050.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 393UU UT WOS:000262399700004 PM 18717615 ER PT J AU Weisbrod, AV Sahi, J Segner, H James, MO Nichols, J Schultz, I Erhardt, S Cowan-Ellsberry, C Bonnell, M Hoeger, B AF Weisbrod, Anne V. Sahi, Jasminder Segner, Helmut James, Margaret O. Nichols, John Schultz, Irvin Erhardt, Susan Cowan-Ellsberry, Christina Bonnell, Mark Hoeger, Birgit TI THE STATE OF IN VITRO SCIENCE FOR USE IN BIOACCUMULATION ASSESSMENTS FOR FISH SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Bioaccumulation; In vitro; Metabolism; Biotransformation; Absorption ID RAINBOW-TROUT HEPATOCYTES; DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; METABOLIZING ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; HEPATIC BIOTRANSFORMATION DATA; FRESHLY ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES; O-DEETHYLASE INDUCTION; CELL-LINE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PRIMARY CULTURES; CHANNEL CATFISH AB Through the concerted evaluations of thousands of commercial substances for the qualities of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity as a result of the United Nations Environment Program's Stockholm Convention, it has become apparent that fewer empirical data are available on bioaccumulation than other endpoints and that bioaccumulation models were not designed to accommodate all chemical classes. Due to the number of chemicals that may require further assessment, in vivo testing is cost prohibitive and discouraged due to the large number of animals needed. Although in vitro systems are less developed and characterized for fish, multiple high-throughput in vitro assays have been used to explore the dietary uptake and elimination of pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics by mammals. While similar processes determine bioaccumulation in mammalian species, a review of methods to measure chemical bioavailability in fish screening systems, such as chemical biotransformation or metabolism in tissue slices, perfused tissues, fish embryos, primary and immortalized cell lines, and subcellular fractions, suggest quantitative and qualitative differences between fish and mammals exist. Using in vitro data in assessments for whole organisms or populations requires certain considerations and assumptions to scale data from a test tube to a fish, and across fish species. Also, different models may incorporate the predominant site of metabolism, such as the liver, and significant presystemic metabolism by the gill or gastrointestinal system to help accurately convert in vitro data into representative whole-animal metabolism and subsequent bioaccumulation potential. The development of animal alternative tests for fish bioaccumulation assessment is framed in the context of in vitro data requirements for regulatory assessments in Europe and Canada. C1 [Erhardt, Susan] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Hoeger, Birgit] Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. [Bonnell, Mark] Environm Canada, New Subst, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Weisbrod, Anne V.; Cowan-Ellsberry, Christina] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. [Sahi, Jasminder] CellzDirect, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Segner, Helmut] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [James, Margaret O.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nichols, John] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55805 USA. [Schultz, Irvin] Pacific NW Natl Lab Marine Res Operat, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Erhardt, S (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM serhardt@dow.com RI Segner, Helmut/D-5714-2014; James, Margaret/A-8232-2011 OI Segner, Helmut/0000-0002-1783-1295; James, Margaret/0000-0001-8778-9427 FU International Life Sciences Institute-Health; Environmental Sciences Institute; Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This manuscript was developed as an outcome of a workshop cosponsored by the International Life Sciences Institute-Health and Environmental Sciences Institute and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. The authors thank the individuals who participated in the workshop, most of whom did so at their own expense. The information in this document has been funded partly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 107 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 31 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1897/08-015.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 393UU UT WOS:000262399700011 PM 18717614 ER PT J AU Zhu, JL Obel, C Basso, O Bech, BH Henriksen, TB Olsen, J AF Zhu, Jin Liang Obel, Carsten Basso, Olga Bech, Bodil Hammer Henriksen, Tine Brink Olsen, Jorn TI Handedness and Time to Pregnancy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE LATERALIZATION; ATYPICAL HANDEDNESS; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; MIXED-HANDEDNESS; HAND PREFERENCE; HAIR-WHORL; WOMEN; ASYMMETRY; BEHAVIOR; MEN AB Background: Nonright-handedness, particularly mixed-handedness, has been associated with a number of medical conditions. We examined whether handedness was associated with fecundity, measured by time to pregnancy. Methods: We used data on parental handedness and time to pregnancy from 2 regional birth cohorts in Denmark: the Aalborg-Odense Birth Cohort (1984-1987) and the Aarhus Birth Cohort (1990-1992) (n = 5808 and 3426, respectively). We applied discrete-time survival analysis to assess fecundity in relation to handedness. Results: In both cohorts, we saw a slightly lower fecundity in individuals who reported being mixed-handed. Conclusions: Our data showed a modest association between mixed-handedness and subfecundity, which suggests that these traits may share a common etiology, perhaps tracing back to the prenatal period. C1 [Zhu, Jin Liang; Obel, Carsten; Bech, Bodil Hammer; Olsen, Jorn] Univ Aarhus, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Obel, Carsten; Henriksen, Tine Brink] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Basso, Olga] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Olsen, Jorn] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Zhu, JL (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM zjl@soci.au.dk RI Basso, Olga/E-5384-2010; Olsen, Jorn/F-8801-2015; Bech, Bodil Hammer/B-9646-2016 OI Basso, Olga/0000-0001-9298-4921; Olsen, Jorn/0000-0001-7462-5140; FU Danish Medical Research Council [271-05-0115]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Supported by a grant from the Danish Medical Research Council (No. 271-05-0115) and, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31818b47d1 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387DB UT WOS:000261930800010 PM 19057386 ER PT J AU Chen, A Feresu, SA Fernandez, C Rogan, WJ AF Chen, Aimin Feresu, Shingairai A. Fernandez, Cristina Rogan, Walter J. TI Maternal Obesity and the Risk of Infant Death in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GESTATIONAL WEIGHT-GAIN; NATIONAL-BIRTH-COHORT; BODY-MASS INDEX; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; PREPREGNANCY WEIGHT; VITAL-STATISTICS; PRETERM BIRTH; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; STILLBIRTH AB Background: Maternal obesity (defined as prepregnancy body mass index [BMI] >= 30 kg/m(2)) is associated with increased risk of neonatal death. Its association with infant death, postneonatal death, and cause-specific infant death is less well-characterized. Methods: We studied the association between maternal obesity and the risk of infant death by using 1988 US National Maternal and Infant Health Survey data. A case-control analysis of 4265 infant deaths and 7293 controls was conducted using SUDAAN software. Self-reported prepregnancy BMI and weight gain were used in the primary analysis, whereas weight variables in medical records were used in a subset of 4308 women. Results: Compared with normal weight women (prepregnancy BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) who gained 0.30 to 0.44 kg/wk during pregnancy, obese women had increased risk of neonatal death and overall infant death. For obese women who had weight gain during pregnancy of <0.15, 0.15 to 0.29, 0.30 to 0.44, and >= 0.45 kg/wk, the adjusted odds ratios of infant death were 1.75 (95% confidence interval = 1.28-2.39), 1.42 (1.07-1.89), 1.59 (1.00-2.51), and 2.87 (1.98-4.16), respectively. Nonobese women with very low weight gain during pregnancy also had a higher risk of infant death. The subset with weight information from medical records had similar results for recorded prepregnancy BMI and weight gain. Maternal obesity was associated with neonatal death from pregnancy complications or disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight. Conclusions: Maternal obesity is associated with increased overall risk of infant death, mainly neonatal death. C1 [Chen, Aimin] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Feresu, Shingairai A.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Omaha, NE USA. [Fernandez, Cristina] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Rogan, Walter J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Chen, A (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM aiminchen@creighton.edu RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX W. J. R. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 41 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181878645 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387DB UT WOS:000261930800014 PM 18813025 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Sams, E Brenner, KP Haugland, R Wymer, L Dufour, AP AF Wade, Timothy J. Sams, Elizabeth Brenner, Kristen P. Haugland, Richard Wymer, Larry Dufour, Alfred P. TI High Sensitivity of Children to Swimming-Associated Gastrointestinal Illness Response SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; Sams, Elizabeth] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Brenner, Kristen P.; Haugland, Richard; Wymer, Larry; Dufour, Alfred P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 157 EP 157 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31818f30a6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387DB UT WOS:000261930800028 ER PT B AU Sreedharan, P Sanstad, AH Bryson, J AF Sreedharan, Priya Sanstad, Alan H. Bryson, Joe GP ASME TI INFORMING CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY THROUGH ECONOMICS AND ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVES ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY SO ES2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID MARKETS AB Energy "sustainability" and energy supply have again emerged as central public policy issues and are at the intersection of the economic, environmental, and security challenges facing the nation and the world. The goal of significantly reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with energy production and consumption, while maintaining affordable and reliable energy supplies, is one of the most important issues. Among the strategies for achieving this goal, increasing the efficiency of energy consumption in buildings is being emphasized to a degree not seen since the 1970s. "End-use" efficiency is the core of the State of California's landmark effort to reduce its GHG emissions, of other state and local climate-change initiatives, and is emphasized in emerging federal GHG abatement legislation. Both economic and engineering methods are used to analyze energy efficiency, but the two paradigms provide different perspectives on the market and technological factors that affect the diffusion of energy efficiency. These disparate perspectives influence what is considered the appropriate role and design of public policy for leveraging not just efficient end-use technology, but other sustainable energy technologies. We review the two approaches and their current roles in the GHG policy process by describing, for illustrative purposes, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's assessment of energy efficiency in the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 Discussion Draft. We highlight opportunities and needs for improved coordination between the engineering, economic and policy communities. Our view is that a better understanding of disciplinary differences and complementaritics in perspectives and analytical methods between these communities will benefit the climate change policy process. C1 [Sreedharan, Priya] US EPA, AAAS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sreedharan, P (reprint author), US EPA, AAAS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4889-0 PY 2009 BP 893 EP 901 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQV06 UT WOS:000281910700109 ER PT J AU Dunnick, JK Nyska, A AF Dunnick, June K. Nyska, Abraham TI Characterization of liver toxicity in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice after exposure to a flame retardant containing lower molecular weight polybrominated diphenyl ethers SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flame retardant; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Liver toxicity ID IN-VITRO; GENE-EXPRESSION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INDUCTION; CARCINOGENICITY; DISPOSITION; PBDES; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; RODENTS AB Lower molecular weight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), components of flame retardants, are found in the environment and in human and animal tissues. Toxicity studies were conducted in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice by administering a flame retardant containing these lower molecular weight PBDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE153) by oral gavage 5 days/week for 13 weeks at doses of 0.01, 5.50, 100 or 500 mg/kg/day. Liver was the primary target organ in rats and mice. Treatment-related increases in liver weights, liver cytochrome P450 (1A1, 1A2, 2B) and UDPGT (rats only) levels. and liver lesions were seen in both, rats and mice. Hepatocyte hypertrophy and vacuolization increased ill incidence and severity with treatment, and occurred at levels of 50 mg/kg and above ill rats. and at 100 mg/kg and above in mice. Liver Cyp 1A1, 1A2, and 2B levels were increased at exposure levels of 50 mg/kg and above ill rats and mice. In addition, treatment-related thyroid lesions Occurred particularly in rats. The most sensitive parameter for PBDE toxicity was the increase in liver weights which occurred at 5 mg/kg above in rats and 50mg/kg and above in mice. These results suggest that liver may be a target organ for carcinogenesis processes after long-term administration of PBDEs. A chronic PBDE study is currently being conducted by the National Toxicology Program. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Dunnick, June K.; Nyska, Abraham] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dunnick, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dunnickj@niehs.nih.gov FU NIEHS Intramural Program; NIH [N01-ES-45516, N01-ES-05456, N01-ES-55551] FX We thank Dr. Michael Sanders, NIEHS, and Dr. Bhanu Singh, NIEHS, for their review of this manuscript. This work was supported by the NIEHS Intramural Program. Animals were exposed to PBDEs at an NTP contract laboratory, and determinations of polybrominated diphenyl ether tissue levels were performed at another NTP Laboratory (NIH contracts N01-ES-45516, N01-ES-05456, and N01-ES-55551). NR 51 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 EI 1618-1433 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2008.06.008 PG 12 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 405WJ UT WOS:000263254600001 PM 18774282 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Baruwati, B Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. TI Nanoparticle-supported and magnetically recoverable nickel catalyst: a robust and economic hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation protocol SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALKYNE HYDROGENATION; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; KETONES; PD; SEMIHYDROGENATION; COMPLEXES; ACETYLENE; EFFICIENT; GREENER; AG AB A magnetic nanoparticle-supported leach-proof Ni catalyst was readily prepared from inexpensive starting materials which catalyzes various hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation reactions; high catalytic activity and ease of recovery using an external magnetic field are additional eco-friendly attributes of this catalytic system. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX V. P. and B. B. were supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 30 TC 218 Z9 219 U1 9 U2 101 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1039/b815058c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 390PU UT WOS:000262177000018 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Glutathione promoted expeditious green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in water using microwaves SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BULK SYNTHESIS; CHEMISTRY; CATALYST; AG; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOCRYSTALS; REDUCTION; PARTICLE; GOLD; GEL AB Silver nanoparticles ranging from 5-10 nm in size have been synthesized under microwave irradiation conditions using glutathione, an absolutely benign antioxidant that serves as the reducing as well as capping agent in aqueous medium. This rapid protocol yields the nanoparticles within 30-60 s at a power level as low as 50 W. The effect of microwave power on the morphology of ensuing silver nanoparticles is investigated for this green and sustainable procedure which is adaptable for the synthesis of palladium, platinum and gold nanoparticles. C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baruwati, B (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; U. S. Department of Energy; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Babita Baruwati and Vivek Polshettiwar were supported, in part, by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 34 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 7 BP 926 EP 930 DI 10.1039/b902184a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 467GY UT WOS:000267727800003 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Revisiting the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction: a sustainable protocol for transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; SOLVENT-FREE SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; BIOACTIVE HETEROCYCLES; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; IRON CATALYST; RAPID ACCESS; EFFICIENT; GREENER AB An economical and sustainable transfer hydrogenation for aldehydes and ketones is described. The general protocol is mild, chemo-selective and, importantly, uses neither precious nor non-precious metals and even no ligands. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vivekpol@yahoo.com; varma.rajender@.epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX VP thanks the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education for a research fellowship. NR 47 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1313 EP 1316 DI 10.1039/b913079a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 490II UT WOS:000269493700003 ER PT S AU Bacanskas, L Karimjee, A Ritter, K AF Bacanskas, Lisa Karimjee, Anhar Ritter, Kaylene BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Toward practical application of the vulnerability evaluation framework for geological sequestration of carbon dioxide SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Geologic sequestration; carbon capture and sequestration; CCS; vulnerability assessment; site assessment; risk management; evaluation framework AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed a Vulnerability Evaluation Framework (VEF) for the geologic sequestration (GS) of carbon dioxide which can be used as a reference to inform site-specific assessments and risk management decisions. A comparison of the VEF with site assessments of three current GS projects revealed considerable agreement between key elements of the VEF and the three site assessments. It also identified three key topics for further exploration - expansion of scope, treatment of geologic attributes, and management of uncertainty - and an area of future research as projects move forward - a more detailed assessment of receptors. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bacanskas, Lisa; Karimjee, Anhar] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bacanskas, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bacanskas.lisa@epa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2565 EP 2572 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.021 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402078 ER PT S AU Vidas, H Hugman, R Clapp, C AF Vidas, Harry Hugman, Robert Clapp, Christa BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Analysis of Geologic Sequestration Costs for the United States and Implications for Climate Change Mitigation SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE CO(2) sequestration; sequestration cost; economics; sequestration potential; United States; Environmental Protection Agency AB Through work with the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency, ICF has developed a costing model for geologic sequestration of CO(2) by geologic setting in the U.S. The GeoCAT model is being used by the EPA Office of Air and Radiation to assist in analyzing the impact of potential climate change legislation. GeoCAT includes an assessment of sequestration capacity by state and geologic setting. Costing algorithms are based upon a detailed analysis of individual cost components, such as site characterization and injection well construction. The study shows that the cost of geologic sequestration without by-product credits (such as additional oil produced with enhanced oil recovery (EOR)) ranges from $2.84 to $28.12 per metric ton of CO(2), depending on characteristics specific to the type of geologic formation. By-product impacts on costs for EOR, enhanced coalbed methane, and shale gas production are very significant. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vidas, Harry; Hugman, Robert] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Clapp, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM clapp.christa@epa.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4281 EP 4288 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.240 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404038 ER PT J AU Patterson, CL Haught, RC AF Patterson, Craig L. Haught, Roy C. BA Ahuja, S BF Ahuja, S TI Regulatory Considerations to Ensure Clean and Safe Drinking Water SO HANDBOOK OF WATER PURITY AND QUALITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Patterson, Craig L.; Haught, Roy C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Patterson, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092112-9 PY 2009 BP 147 EP 179 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374192-9.00007-8 PG 33 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BFT93 UT WOS:000321304800008 ER PT S AU Jennings, K Hailwood, M AF Jennings, Kim Hailwood, Mark GP IChemE TI OECD GUIDANCE ON SAFETY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - AN INTERNATIONAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE SUCCESS OF INDUSTRY, PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND COMMUNITIES IN MANAGING MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS SO HAZARDS XXI: PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Hazards Symposium - Process Safety and Environmental Protection CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Manchester, ENGLAND SP Inst Chem Engineers (N W Branch) AB The prevention of, preparedness for and response to chemical accidents are the key elements of a programme to manage the risks of major accidents. Different roles are played by the various stakeholders, with the main responsibility lying with industry. However relevant tasks, for example in the areas of response, communication about hazards, land use planning, etc. may be more concentrated within the public authorities and communities. For any management system to be successful there needs to be an aspect of assessment and control in which the suitability and performance of the various elements within the management system are determined. Within the Seveso II Directive (and COMAH-Regulations, 1999 in the UK) there is a requirement placed on operators of establishments to implement assessment and control measures to ensure that the Safety Management Systems (SMS) perform appropriately. The international Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), under the auspices of the Working Group on Chemical Accidents has developed guidance for industry, public authorities, and communities to assist them in designing and implementing safety performance indicators programs. The OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators ("SPI Guidance") was developed in close cooperation with OECD member countries as well as representatives of industry, other international organizations, and non-governmental organizations active in the area of chemical emergency prevention, preparedness, and response. The SPI Guidance is a companion to, and builds on the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness, and Response, 2nd edition [OECD, 2003]. During the development of the Guidance note was also taken of the work already carried out in the field of performance indicators in the UK by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and in the US by the Center for Chemical Process Safety [CCPS, 2006]. The guidance is contained in two documents, one for industry and the other for public authorities and communities. These documents were designed to serve as a tool to assist industrial enterprises, public authorities and communities in the vicinity of hazardous installations in establishing and implementing specific SPI programs tailored to their individual situations. Specifically, the guidance sets out a process for developing an SPI program and provides examples of key elements - targets, activities indicators and outcome indicators - for each of the three stakeholder groups. The OECD is also developing an on-line, interactive version of this Guidance. SPI programs should help users to determine how successful they have been in developing and implementing appropriate requirements, policies and procedures designed to improve chemical accident prevention, preparedness and response, and to assess whether actions taken are achieving their desired results. Bearing in mind the recommendations of the Buncefield Major Accident Investigation Board as well as the investigations of the CSB and the Baker Panel into the BP Texas City refinery accident regarding performance indicators, there is a clear need to ensure and demonstrate that major accident hazards are managed effectively. C1 [Jennings, Kim] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hailwood, Mark] LUBW, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Jennings, K (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0374-1753 BN 978-0-85295-536-9 J9 INST CHEM E PY 2009 IS 155 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BAU06 UT WOS:000305517200030 ER PT J AU Poeton, RW Glines, WM McBaugh, D AF Poeton, Richard W. Glines, Wayne M. McBaugh, Debra TI PLANNING FOR THE WORST IN WASHINGTON STATE: INITIAL RESPONSE PLANNING FOR IMPROVISED NUCLEAR DEVICE EXPLOSIONS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE emergencies, radiological; emergency planning; fallout; nuclear weapons AB Since 11 September 2001, improvised nuclear devices have become recognized as an important radiological threat requiring emergency response planning. Although Protective Action Guidance is well established for fixed nuclear facilities, correspondingly well-developed guidance does not exist for nuclear explosions. The Washington State Department of Health has developed preplanned Protective Action Recommendations for improvised nuclear device explosions. These recommendations recognize the need for advice to the public soon after such an event, before significant data are available. They can be used before significant outside support is available locally, and reference observable effects so people can use them if communications were disabled. The recommendations focus on early actions (24-48 h) and place priority on actions to avoid deterministic health effects due to residual fallout. Specific emphasis is placed on determining recommendations for evacuation, as well as the extent of the area for sheltering. The key recommendations developed for an initial public response are: (1) if there is ready access to robust shelter such as an underground basement or interior spaces in a multi-story structure, immediate sheltering in these areas is the best action, regardless of location; (2) if robust shelter is not available, and if fallout is observed in the area, then evacuation is the best general recommendation for locations within 16 km (10 miles) of the explosion; and (3) beyond 16 km (10 miles), the generally recommended protective action is to shelter in the best-protected location which is readily available. C1 [McBaugh, Debra] Dept Hlth, Off Radiat Protect, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Glines, Wayne M.] US DOE, Richland Operat Off, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Poeton, Richard W.] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP McBaugh, D (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Off Radiat Protect, POB 47827, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM debra.mcbaugh@doh.wa.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000326329.89953.5c PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 384CI UT WOS:000261721500004 PM 19066483 ER PT J AU Lorenzana, RM Yeow, AY Colman, JT Chappell, LL Choudhury, H AF Lorenzana, Roseanne M. Yeow, Aaron Y. Colman, Joan T. Chappell, Lara L. Choudhury, Harlal TI Arsenic in Seafood: Speciation Issues for Human Health Risk Assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE inorganic arsenic; fish; shellfish; risk assessment; speciation ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; FRESH-WATER FISH; IC-ESI-MS/MS; MARINE ORGANISMS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SELECTIVE DETERMINATION; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AB Major sources of arsenic exposure for humans are foods, particularly aquatic organisms, which are called seafood in this report. Although seafood contains a variety of arsenicals, including inorganic arsenic, which is toxic and carcinogenic, and arsenobetaine, which is considered nontoxic, the arsenic content of seafood commonly is reported only as total arsenic. A goal of this literature survey is to determine if generalizable values can be derived for the percentage of total arsenic in seafood that is inorganic arsenic. Generalizable values for percent inorganic arsenic are needed for use as default values in U. S. human health risk assessments of seafood from arsenic-contaminated sites. Data from the worldwide literature indicate the percent of inorganic arsenic in marine/estuarine finfish does not exceed 7.3% and in shellfish can reach 25% in organisms from presumably uncontaminated areas, with few data available for freshwater organisms. However, percentages can be much higher in organisms from contaminated areas and in seaweed. U. S. site-specific data for marine/estuarine finfish and shellfish are similar to the worldwide data, and for freshwater finfish indicate that the average percent inorganic arsenic is generally < 10%, but ranges up to nearly 30%. Derivation of nationwide defaults for percent inorganic arsenic in fish, shellfish, and seaweed collected from arsenic-contaminated areas in the United States is not supported by the surveyed literature. C1 [Lorenzana, Roseanne M.] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Yeow, Aaron Y.] US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Informat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Colman, Joan T.; Chappell, Lara L.] Syracuse Res Corp, Environm Res Ctr, Syracuse, NY USA. [Choudhury, Harlal] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lorenzana, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10,1200 6th Ave,Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM lorenzana.roseanne@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX Portions of this work were sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The authors acknowledge early contributions to this work by Christine Chew ( formerly of ICF Kaiser Engineers) and Richard Troast (retired from USEPA Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation). NR 67 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1080/10807030802615949 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447ZH UT WOS:000266230400015 ER PT J AU Brown, MT Foos, B AF Brown, Margot T. Foos, Brenda TI Assessing Children's Exposures and Risks to Drinking Water Contaminants: A Manganese Case Study SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE children; drinking water intake rates; exposures; manganese ID INFANTS; MILK; NEUROTOXICITY; BANGLADESH; FRAMEWORK; NUTRITION; FORMULAS; HUMANS; HEALTH AB Background: Compared to adults, children maybe more highly exposed to toxic substances in drinking water because they consume more water per unit of body weight. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed new guidance for selecting age groups and age-specific exposure factors for assessing children's exposures and risks to environmental contaminants. Research Aim: To demonstrate the application and importance of applying age-specific drinking water intake rates, health reference values, and exposure scenarios when assessing drinking water exposures because these approaches illustrate the potential for greater potential for adverse health effects among children. Methods: manganese, an essential nutrient and neurotoxicant, was selected as a case study and chemical of potential concern for children's health. A screening-level risk assessment was performed using age-specific drinking water intake rates and manganese concentrations from U.S. public drinking water systems. Results: When age-specific drinking water intake rates are used to calculate dose, formula-fed infants receive the highest dose of manganese from drinking water compared to all other age groups. Estimated hazard quotients suggest adverse health effects are possible. Use of USEPA's standardized childhood age groups and childhood exposure factors significantly improves the understanding of childhood exposure and risks. C1 [Foos, Brenda] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Foos, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Mail Code 1107A,1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM foos.brenda@epa.gov NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 923 EP 947 DI 10.1080/10807030903153030 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512FM UT WOS:000271231700006 ER PT J AU Hester, SD Drobna, Z Andrews, DMK Liu, J Waalkes, MP Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Hester, S. D. Drobna, Z. Andrews, D. M. K. Liu, J. Waalkes, M. P. Thomas, D. J. Styblo, M. TI Expression of AS3MT alters transcriptional profiles in human urothelial cells exposed to arsenite SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenite; AS3MT; human urothelial cells; transcriptional profiles ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); INDUCED MALIGNANT-TRANSFORMATION; PENTAVALENT ARSENICALS; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; METHYLATION; TOXICITY; METABOLISM; TRIVALENT; RAT; METHYLTRANSFERASE AB Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is an environmental toxicant and human carcinogen. The enzymatic methylation of iAs that is catalyzed by arsenic (+3 oxidation state)methyltransferase (AS3MT) generates reactive methylated intermediates that contribute to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of iAs. We have shown that clonal human urothelial cells (UROtsa/F35) that express rat AS3MT and methylate iAs are more susceptible to acute toxicity of arsenite (iAs(III)) than parental UROtsa cells that do not express AS3MT and do not methylate iAs. The current work examines transcriptional changes associated with AS3MT expression and identifies specific categories of genes expressed in UROtsa and UROtsa/F35 cells in response to a 24-h exposure to 1 or 50 mu M iAs(III). Here, the expression of 21,073 genes was assessed using Agilent Human 1A(V2) arrays. Venn analysis showed marked concentration-dependent differences between gene expression patterns in UROtsa and UROTsa/F35 cells exposed to iAs(III). Among 134 genes altered by exposure to subtoxic 1 mu M iAs(III), only 14 were shared by both cell lines. Exposure to cytotoxic 50 mu M iAs(III) uniquely altered 1389 genes in UROtsa/F35 and 649 genes in UROtsa cells; 5033 altered genes were associated with the chemical alone. In UROtsa, but not UROtsa/F35 cells exposure to 1 mu M iAs(III) altered expression of genes associated with cell adhesion. In contrast, expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation was significantly altered in UROtsa/F35 cells at this exposure level. At 50 mu M iAs(III), pathways regulating cell cycle, cell death, transcription, and metabolism were affected in both cell lines. However, only Urotsa/F35 cells showed numerous G-protein and kinase pathway alterations as well as alterations in pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. These data link the AS3MT-catalyzed methylation of iAs to specific genomic responses in human cells exposed to iAs(III). Further analysis of these responses will help to characterize the role of AS3MT-catalyzed methylation in modulation of iAs(III) toxicity. C1 [Hester, S. D.] US EPA, NHEERL, ECD, Canc Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Drobna, Z.; Styblo, M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Liu, J.; Waalkes, M. P.] NIEHS, LCC, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Thomas, D. J.] US EPA, NHEERL, ETD, Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Styblo, M.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hester, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hester.susan@epa.gov FU NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research FX The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and the policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors wish to thank Dr Ram Ramabhadran and Dr Kirk Kitchin for review of this manuscript. The work was supported [in part] by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1177/0960327109102368 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 449HY UT WOS:000266322700009 PM 19411561 ER PT B AU Waterhouse, C AF Waterhouse, Carlton BE Levitt, JI Whitaker, MC TI Failed Plans and Planned Failures The Lower Ninth Ward, Hurricane Katrina, and the Continuing Story of Environmental Injustice SO HURRICANE KATRINA: AMERICA'S UNNATURAL DISASTER SE Justice and Social Inquiry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Waterhouse, Carlton] Florida Int Univ, Coll Law, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Waterhouse, Carlton] US EPA, Off Reg Counsel, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waterhouse, Carlton] Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC USA. RP Waterhouse, C (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Coll Law, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA BN 978-0-8032-2463-6; 978-0-8032-1760-7 J9 JUST SOC INQ PY 2009 BP 156 EP 182 PG 27 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BB0NB UT WOS:000340473200008 ER PT J AU Stedeford, T Hsu, CH AF Stedeford, Todd Hsu, Ching-Hung BE Wexler, P TI Drugs SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stedeford, Todd] IPHEP, Warsaw, Poland. [Hsu, Ching-Hung] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stedeford, T (reprint author), IPHEP, Ul Batystowa 1B-2, Warsaw, Poland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00014-8 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900019 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK AF Boyes, William K. BE Wexler, P TI Chemicals: Solvents SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00018-5 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900023 ER PT J AU Jones, SJ AF Jones, Samantha J. BE Wexler, P TI Environmental Toxicology: Aquatic SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00023-9 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900028 ER PT J AU Persad, AS AF Persad, Amanda S. BE Wexler, P TI Epidemiology SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Persad, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00028-8 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900033 ER PT J AU Hertzberg, RC Rice, GE AF Hertzberg, Richard C. Rice, G. E. BE Wexler, P TI Mixtures SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hertzberg, Richard C.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Rice, G. E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hertzberg, RC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00034-3 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900039 ER PT J AU Persad, AS AF Persad, Amanda S. BE Wexler, P TI Regulatory Toxicology SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Persad, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 401 EP 406 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00045-8 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900050 ER PT J AU Persad, AS Stedeford, T AF Persad, Amanda S. Stedeford, Todd BE Wexler, P TI Risk Assessment SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Persad, Amanda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stedeford, Todd] IPHEP, Warsaw, Poland. RP Persad, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 407 EP 421 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00046-X PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900051 ER PT J AU de Bruijne, K Ebersviller, S Sexton, KG Lake, S Leith, D Goodman, R Jetters, J Walters, GW Doyle-Eisele, M Woodside, R Jeffries, HE Jaspers, I AF de Bruijne, K. Ebersviller, S. Sexton, K. G. Lake, S. Leith, D. Goodman, R. Jetters, J. Walters, G. W. Doyle-Eisele, M. Woodside, R. Jeffries, H. E. Jaspers, I. TI Design and Testing of Electrostatic Aerosol In Vitro Exposure System (EAVES): An Alternative Exposure System for Particles SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN LUNG-CELLS; ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOOXIDATION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; AIR; PRODUCTS; TRANSCRIPTION; HYDROCARBONS; COLLECTION AB Conventional in vitro exposure methods for cultured human lung cells rely on prior suspension of particles in a liquid medium; these have limitations for exposure intensity and may modify the particle composition. Here electrostatic precipitation was used as an effective method for such in vitro exposures. An obsolete electrostatic aerosol sampler was modified to provide a viable environment within the deposition field for human lung cells grown on membranous support. Particle deposition and particle-induced toxicological effects for a variety of particles including standardized polystyrene latex spheres (PSL) and diesel exhaust emission particle mixtures are reported. The Electrostatic Aerosol in Vitro Exposure System (EAVES) efficiently deposited particles from an air stream directly onto cells. Cells exposed to the electric field of the EAVES in clean air or in the presence of charged PSL spheres exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, and their release of inflammatory cytokines was indistinguishable from that of the controls. For the responses tested here, there are no significant adverse effects caused neither by the electric field alone nor by the mildly charged particles. Exposure to diesel exhaust emissions using the EAVES system induced a threefold increase in cytokines and cytotoxicity as compared to the control. Taken together, these data show that the EAVES can be used to expose human lung cells directly to particles without prior collection in media, thereby providing an efficient and effective alternative to the more conventional particle in vitro exposure methods. C1 [Jaspers, I.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lake, S.] LFR Inc, Branchburg, NJ USA. [Jetters, J.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. [Doyle-Eisele, M.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Jaspers, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, CB 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ilona_jaspers@med.unc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Agreements [R829762, CR829522]; American Chemistry Council Long Range Research Initiative [ID CIE-0102-02]; Exxon Mobil Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR829522]; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Agreements R829762 and CR829522, American Chemistry Council Long Range Research Initiative, project ID CIE-0102-02, and Exxon Mobil Foundation Basic research support gift. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through cooperative agreement CR829522 with the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, it has not been subjected to the agency's required peer and policy review, and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank Wenli Zhang, Missy Brighton, and Jonathan Ciencewicki from the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology for all their technical advice; and Beth Fowler from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering for administrative assistance. We also thank Dr. Leith, Jim Jetters, Randy Goodman, and Glenn W. Walters for their help in modifying the ESP to house the cell culture inserts. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 91 EP 101 AR PII 902546705 DI 10.1080/08958370802166035 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 394TV UT WOS:000262472400002 PM 18800273 ER PT J AU Hernandez, M Zhou, HB Zhou, BQ Robinette, C Crissman, K Hatch, G Alexis, NE Paden, D AF Hernandez, Michelle Zhou, Haibo Zhou, Bingqing Robinette, Carole Crissman, Kay Hatch, Gary Alexis, Neil E. Paden, David TI Combination Treatment with High-Dose Vitamin C and Alpha-Tocopherol does not Enhance Respiratory-Tract Lining Fluid Vitamin C Levels in Asthmatics SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ASCORBIC-ACID; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; INDUCED SPUTUM; LUNG-FUNCTION; IN-VIVO; OZONE; SYMPTOMS; CHILDREN AB Oxidative stress plays a significant role in allergic airway inflammation. Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (alone or combined with ascorbate/vitamin C) has been assessed as an intervention for allergic airway diseases with conflicting results. Enhancing levels of airway antioxidants with oral supplements has been suggested as an intervention to protect individuals from the effect of inhaled oxidants, although it is unclear whether supplementation changes tocopherol or vitamin C levels in both serum and airway fluids. Our objective was to obtain pilot safety and dosing data from 14 allergic asthmatic volunteers examining the effect of daily combination oral therapy with 500 mg alpha-tocopherol ( T) and 2 g vitamin C for 12 wk. We examined serum and airway fluid and cellular levels of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol ( T) and vitamin C to plan for future studies of these agents in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Six volunteers completed 12 wk of active treatment with T and vitamin C and 8 completed placebo. Blood and sputum samples were obtained at baseline and at 6 wk and 12 wk of therapy and were analyzed for T, T, and vitamin C levels in the serum, sputum supernatant, and sputum cells. Combination treatment increased serum vitamin C and significantly decreased sputum T and serum T levels. No changes were found in sputum supernatant or sputum cell vitamin C or serum T levels in the active treatment group. In conclusion, supplementation with T and high-dose vitamin C does not augment vitamin C levels in the respiratory-tract lining fluid. C1 [Hernandez, Michelle; Zhou, Haibo; Zhou, Bingqing; Robinette, Carole; Alexis, Neil E.; Paden, David] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhou, Haibo; Zhou, Bingqing] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Crissman, Kay; Hatch, Gary] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Paden, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, 104 Mason Farm Rd,CB 7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM peden@med.unc.edu FU NCCIH NIH HHS [P01 AT002620, P01 AT 002620, P01 AT002620-05] NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 173 EP 181 AR PII 904357510 DI 10.1080/08958370802161077 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 403NV UT WOS:000263090200001 PM 18932058 ER PT J AU Murray, R Hart, WE Phillips, CA Berry, J Boman, EG Carr, RD Riesen, LA Watson, JP Haxton, T Herrmann, JG Janke, R Gray, G Taxon, T Uber, JG Morley, KM AF Murray, Regan Hart, William E. Phillips, Cynthia A. Berry, Jonathan Boman, Erik G. Carr, Robert D. Riesen, Lee Ann Watson, Jean-Paul Haxton, Terra Herrmann, Jonathan G. Janke, Robert Gray, George Taxon, Thomas Uber, James G. Morley, Kevin M. TI US Environmental Protection Agency Uses Operations Research to Reduce Contamination Risks in Drinking Water SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INFORMS Practice Conference CY APR 14, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD DE homeland security; water security; sensor placement; integer programming: applications; government services: water; facilities-equipment planning: location ID SENSOR PLACEMENT; OUTBREAK; MILWAUKEE; SYSTEMS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the lead federal agency for the security of drinking water in the United States. The agency is responsible for providing information and technical assistance to the more than 50,000 water utilities across the country. The distributed physical layout of drinking-water utilities makes them inherently vulnerable to contamination incidents caused by terrorists. To counter this threat, the EPA is using operations research to design, test, and deploy contamination warning systems (CWSs) that rapidly detect the presence of contaminants in drinking water. We developed a software tool to optimize the design process, published a decision-making process to assist utilities in applying the tool, pilot-tested the tool on nine large water utilities, and provided training and technical assistance to a larger group of utilities. We formed a collaborative team of industry, academia, and government to critique our approach and share CWS deployment experiences. Our work has demonstrated that a CWS is a cost-effective, timely, and capable method of detecting a broad range of contaminants. Widespread application of these new systems will significantly reduce the risks associated with catastrophic contamination incidents: the median estimated fatalities reduction for the nine utilities already studied is 48 percent; the corresponding economic-impact reduction is over $19 billion. Because of this operations research program, online monitoring programs, such as a CWS, are now the accepted technology for reducing contamination risks in drinking water. C1 [Murray, Regan; Haxton, Terra; Herrmann, Jonathan G.; Janke, Robert] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hart, William E.; Phillips, Cynthia A.; Berry, Jonathan; Boman, Erik G.; Carr, Robert D.; Riesen, Lee Ann; Watson, Jean-Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gray, George] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Taxon, Thomas] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Uber, James G.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Morley, Kevin M.] Amer Water Works Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Murray, R (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM murray.regan@epa.gov; wehart@sandia.gov; caphill@sandia.gov; jberry@sandia.gov; egboman@sandia.gov; rdcarr@sandia.gov; lafisk@sandia.gov; jwatson@sandia.gov; haxton.terra@epa.gov; herrmann.jonathan@epa.gov; janke.robert@epa.gov; gray.george@epa.gov; tntaxon@anl.gov; jim.uber@uc.edu; kmorley@awwa.org RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1287/inte.1080.0415 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 406EP UT WOS:000263278100007 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Donohue, MJ Chung, YJ Copeland, LB Shoemaker, JA Vesper, SJ Selgrade, MK AF Ward, Marsha D. W. Donohue, Maura J. Chung, Yong Joo Copeland, Lisa B. Shoemaker, Jody A. Vesper, Stephen J. Selgrade, MaryJane K. TI Human Serum IgE Reacts with a Metarhizium anisopliae Fungal Catalase SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allergen; Catalase; Fungus; IgE; Mass spectrometry ID PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; ALLERGIC RESPONSES; BALB/C MICE; ASTHMA; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIZATION; REACTIVITY; EPITOPES; EXTRACT AB Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that Metarhizium anisopliae extract can induce responses characteristic of human allergic asthma in a mouse model. The study objectives were (1) to identify and characterize the M. anisopliae mycelia extract (MYC) proteins that are recognized by mouse serum IgE, (2) to determine if human serum IgE reacts with these proteins, and (3) to determine if these IgE-reactive proteins are found in other fungi. Methods: Asthmatic human serum IgE, M. anisopliae crude antigen (MACA) immunized mouse serum IgE, and anti-catalase antibodies were used to probe one-and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis blots of MYC. Results: Mass spectrometry analysis identified catalase as a mouse IgE-reactive protein. This identification was confirmed by assaying catalase activity in the extract and extract immunoblots probed with anticatalase antibody. Six adult asthmatic sera contained IgE, but not IgG, that was reactive with mycelia extract proteins. A similar protein profile was seen when blots were probed with either mouse anti-MACA IgE or anti-bovine liver catalase antibodies. Furthermore, these mouse anti-MACA and anti-catalase antibodies were cross-reactive with other mold extracts (skin prick testing mix) and Aspergillus niger catalase. Conclusions: Some human asthmatics have developed IgE that reacts with an M. anisopliae catalase, most likely due to cross-reactivity (minimal IgG development). The cross-reactivity among fungal catalases suggests that IgE-reactive catalase might be useful for exposure assessment. Additionally, the similarity of protein profiles visualized with both human and mouse serum IgE suggests that allergy hazard identification can be facilitated using a mouse model. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Ward, Marsha D. W.; Chung, Yong Joo; Copeland, Lisa B.; Selgrade, MaryJane K.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Donohue, Maura J.; Shoemaker, Jody A.; Vesper, Stephen J.] Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Ward, MDW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ward.marsha@epa.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PY 2009 VL 150 IS 4 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1159/000226235 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 520DB UT WOS:000271819100005 PM 19571566 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Knight, JF Paerl, HW Streicher, JJ Peierls, BL Gallo, T Lyon, JG Mace, TH Buzzelli, CP AF Lunetta, Ross S. Knight, Joseph F. Paerl, Hans W. Streicher, John J. Peierls, Benjamin L. Gallo, Tom Lyon, John G. Mace, Thomas H. Buzzelli, Christopher P. TI Measurement of water colour using AVIRIS imagery to assess the potential for an operational monitoring capability in the Pamlico Sound Estuary, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; MATTER; MODIS; HPLC AB The monitoring of water colour parameters can provide an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of aquatic ecosystem condition. Remote sensing has long been used to effectively monitor chlorophyll concentrations in open ocean systems; however, operational monitoring in coastal and estuarine areas has been limited because of the inherent complexities of coastal systems, and the coarse spectral and spatial resolutions of available satellite systems. Data were collected using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) flown at an altitude of approximately 20000m to provide hyperspectral imagery and simulate both MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data. AVIRIS data were atmospherically corrected using a radiative transfer modelling approach and analysed using band ratio and linear regression models. Regression analysis was performed with simultaneous field measurements data in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) and Pamlico Sound on 15 May 2002. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were optimally estimated using AVIRIS bands (9.5nm) centred at 673.6 and 692.7nm, resulting in a coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.98. Concentrations of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) were also estimated, resulting in coefficients of determination of R 2=0.90, 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Ratios of AVIRIS bands centred at or near those corresponding to the MERIS and MODIS sensors indicated that relatively good satellite-based estimates could potentially be derived for water colour constituents at a spatial resolution of 300 and 500m, respectively. C1 [Lunetta, Ross S.; Streicher, John J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.; Peierls, Benjamin L.; Gallo, Tom; Buzzelli, Christopher P.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Lyon, John G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Mace, Thomas H.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Off Associate Director Operat, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lunetta.ross@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [82867701]; NASA's Earth Sciences Enterprise, Applications Division FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) partially funded and partially conducted the research described in this paper. Although this work was reviewed by the EPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was partially conducted under EPA Cooperative Agreement no. 82867701 and was partially supported by NASA's Earth Sciences Enterprise, Applications Division. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3291 EP 3314 AR PII 913254942 DI 10.1080/01431160802552801 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 474IS UT WOS:000268277600001 ER PT J AU Wu, ZY Tryby, M Todini, E Walski, TM AF Wu, Zheng Yi Tryby, Michael Todini, Ezio Walski, Thomas M. TI Modeling variable-speed pump operations for target hydraulic characteristics SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Efficient and robust modeling systems include a computation module, or hydraulic solver, which is the core driving engine for modeling packages. Conventional hydraulic models can be used to analyze operational scenarios for a variable-speed pump (VSP) delivering target hydraulic characteristics of either the fixed hydraulic head or the desired pump flow. However, modelers must repeatedly adjust relative speed factors for achieving the target hydraulic performance, which can be a time-consuming task. This article presents an enhanced variable-speed pump (VSP) solution method to automatically calculate the relative pump-speed coefficient for attaining the prescribed hydraulic head or pumping the; preferred amount of flow. Engineers can use this method to model not only a single VSP but also multiple VSPs with rule-based logic controls. This allows the target control head to be specified at any location or for the target flow to be specified for VSPs of different capacities. The extended method provides a flexible, robust modeling approach for engineers to analyze a variety of VSP configurations in water and wastewater collection systems. - MKK C1 [Tryby, Michael] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Todini, Ezio] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Walski, Thomas M.] Bentley Syst Inc, Nanticoke, PA USA. [Wu, Zheng Yi] Bentley Syst Inc, Watertown, CT 06795 USA. RP Wu, ZY (reprint author), Bentley Syst Inc, 27 Siemon Co Dr,Ste 200W, Watertown, CT 06795 USA. EM zheng.wu@bentley.com NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 54 EP + PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 395YG UT WOS:000262558800014 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Zhe Kleinstreuer, Clement Kim, Chong S. TI Comparison of analytical and CFD models with regard to micron particle deposition in a human 16-generation tracheobronchial airway model SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Human tracheobronchial airways; Computational analysis; Micron particle deposition; Deposition efficiency; Deposition fraction ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; HUMAN LUNGS; FLOW STRUCTURES; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; INHALED PARTICLES; SIMULATION; PATTERNS; TRANSPORT AB A representative human tracheobronchial tree has been geometrically represented with adjustable triple-bifurcation units (TBUs) in order to effectively simulate local and global micron particle depositions. It is the first comprehensive attempt to compute micron-particle transport in a (Weibel Type A) 16-generation model with realistic inlet conditions. The CFD modeling predictions are compared to experimental observations as well as analytical modeling results. Based on the findings with the validated computer simulation model, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) Surprisingly, simulated inspiratory deposition fractions for the entire tracheobronchial region (say, G0-G15) with repeated TBUs in parallel and in series agree rather well with those calculated using analytical/semi-empirical expressions. However, the predicted particle-deposition fractions based on such analytical formulas differ greatly from the present simulation results for most local bifurcations, due to the effects of local geometry and resulting local flow features and particle distributions. Clearly, the effects of realistic geometries, flow structures and particle distributions in different individual bifurcations accidentally cancel each other so that the simulated deposition efficiencies during inspiration in a relatively large airway region may agree quite well with those obtained from analytical expressions. Furthermore, with the lack of local resolution, analytical models do not provide any physical insight to the air-particle dynamics in the tracheobronchial region. (ii) The maximum deposition enhancement factors (DEF) may be in the order of 101 to 103 for micron particles in the tracheobronchial airways, implying potential health effects when the inhaled particles are toxic. (iii) The presence of sedimentation for micron particles in lower bronchial airways may change the local impaction-based deposition patterns seen for larger airways and hence reduces the maximum DEF values. (iv) Rotation of an airway bifurcation cause a significant impact on distal bifurcations rather than on the proximal ones. Such geometric effects are minor when compared to the effects of airflow and particle transport/deposition history, i.e., upstream effects. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Zhe; Kleinstreuer, Clement] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kleinstreuer, Clement] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kim, Chong S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command; USAF [FA9550-07-1-0461]; NSF [CBET-0834054]; US Environmental Protection Agency; ANSYS Inc. (Canonsburg, PA); IBM Linux Cluster FX This effort was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant number FA9550-07-1-0461 (Dr. Walt Kozumbo, Program Manager) NSF-grant CBET-0834054 (Dr. Marc S. Ingber, Program Director), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (Dr. C.S. Kim, Program Monitor). The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The use of both CFX software from ANSYS Inc. (Canonsburg, PA) and IBM Linux Cluster at the High Performance Computing Center at North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC) are gratefully acknowledged as well. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 16 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.08.003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 402IM UT WOS:000263007400002 ER PT J AU Shea, KM Truckner, RT Weber, RW Peden, DB AF Shea, Katherine M. Truckner, Robert T. Weber, Richard W. Peden, David B. TI Climate change and plant food allergens Reply SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Shea, Katherine M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Truckner, Robert T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weber, Richard W.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Shea, KM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM kshea@email.unc.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 123 IS 1 BP 272 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.024 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 399IP UT WOS:000262793900054 ER PT J AU Kubachka, KM Kohan, MC Conklin, SD Herbin-Davis, K Creed, JT Thomas, DJ AF Kubachka, Kevin M. Kohan, Michael C. Conklin, Sean D. Herbin-Davis, Karen Creed, John T. Thomas, David J. TI In vitro biotransformation of dimethylarsinic acid and trimethylarsine oxide by anaerobic microflora of mouse cecum analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ARSENIC METABOLISM; HUMAN-CELLS; THIO-DIMETHYLARSINATE; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; URINARY-EXCRETION; RATS; DIMETHYLTHIOARSENICALS; METHYLTRANSFERASE; THIOARSENICALS; TRIVALENT AB The capacity of the anaerobic microflora from a mouse cecum to metabolize dimethylarsinic acid (DMA V) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) was examined in an in vitro assay system containing cecal contents in modified VPI buffer. Samples were incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C for up to 24 hours and metabolic products were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Under these conditions, DMA V was thiolated to dimethylthioarsinic acid (DMTA(V)) and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTA). The identities of DMTA(V) (m/z 154), DMDTA (m/z 170), and trimethylarsine sulfide (TMAS, m/z 152) were confirmed with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Three chromatographic separations were utilized to verify the lack of co-elution prior to quantification by ICP-MS. The predominant arsenical in reaction mixtures at 24 hours was DMDTA. The presence of TMAS in reaction mixtures after a six hour incubation implies a metabolism route from DMA V to TMAS possibly via reduction to dimethylarsinous acid, methylation to yield TMAO, and thiolation to TMAS. Addition of TMAO to in vitro assay systems containing cecal contents demonstrated that TMAO was almost quantitatively converted to TMAS within one hour. These combined results indicate that ingested arsenicals can undergo substantial metabolism mediated by the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, metabolism of arsenicals occurring before absorption across the gastrointestinal barrier could be a modifier of exposure and dose. C1 [Kubachka, Kevin M.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kohan, Michael C.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Herbin-Davis, Karen; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epa.gov NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1062 EP 1068 DI 10.1039/b817820h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 473CZ UT WOS:000268184200008 ER PT J AU Soja, AJ Al-Saadi, J Giglio, L Randall, D Kittaka, C Pouliot, G Kordzi, JJ Raffuse, S Pace, TG Pierce, TE Moore, T Roy, B Pierce, RB Szykman, JJ AF Soja, Amber J. Al-Saadi, Jassim Giglio, Louis Randall, Dave Kittaka, Chieko Pouliot, George Kordzi, Joseph J. Raffuse, Sean Pace, Thompson G. Pierce, Thomas E. Moore, Tom Roy, Biswadev Pierce, R. Bradley Szykman, James J. TI Assessing satellite-based fire data for use in the National Emissions Inventory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; remote sensing; area burned; Environmental Protection Agency; climate change; Arizona and Oregon ID CARBON AB Biomass burning is significant to emission estimates because: (1) it can be a major contributor of particulate matter and other pollutants; (2) it is one of the most poorly documented of all sources; (3) it can adversely affect human health; and (4) it has been identified as a significant contributor to climate change through feedbacks with the radiation budget. Additionally, biomass burning can be a significant contributor to a regions inability to achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM 2.5 and ozone, particularly on the top 20% worst air quality days. The United States does not have a standard methodology to track fire occurrence or area burned, which are essential components to estimating fire emissions. Satellite imagery is available almost instantaneously and has great potential to enhance emission estimates and their timeliness. This investigation compares satellite-derived fire data to ground-based data to assign statistical error and helps provide confidence in these data. The largest fires are identified by all satellites and their spatial domain is accurately sensed. MODIS provides enhanced spatial and temporal information, and GOES ABBA data are able to capture more small agricultural fires. A methodology is presented that combines these satellite data in Near-Real-Time to produce a product that captures 81 to 92% of the total area burned by wildfire, prescribed, agricultural and rangeland burning. Each satellite possesses distinct temporal and spatial capabilities that permit the detection of unique fires that could be omitted if using data from only one satellite. C1 [Soja, Amber J.] NIA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Giglio, Louis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Randall, Dave] Air Sci Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] NASA, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pouliot, George; Pierce, Thomas E.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kordzi, Joseph J.; Roy, Biswadev] USEPA Reg 6, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Raffuse, Sean] STI, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Pace, Thompson G.] US EPA, OAQPS, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Moore, Tom] Colorado State Univ, WRAP, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Szykman, James J.] NASA, US EPA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Soja, AJ (reprint author), NIA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Amber.J.Soja@nasa.gov; j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov; louis_giglio@ssaihq.com; drandall@airsci.com; Chieko.Kittaka-1@nasa.gov; Pouliot.George@epamail.epa.gov; Kordzi.Joe@epamail.epa.gov; sraffuse@sonomatech.com; Pace.Tom@epamail.epa.gov; pierce.tom@epa.gov; MooreT@cira.colostate.edu; Roy.Dev@epamail.epa.gov; brad.pierce@noaa.gov; james.j.szykman@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 3 SI SI AR 031504 DI 10.1117/1.3148859 PN 2 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520VY UT WOS:000271878800005 ER PT J AU Berry, KJ Johnston, JE Mielke, PW AF Berry, Kenneth J. Johnston, Janis E. Mielke, Paul W., Jr. TI Exact and resampling probability values for the Piccarreta nominal-ordinal index of association SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE contingency tables; nominal-ordinal association; resampling; permutation; probability ID PERMUTATION TESTS AB Exact, resampling, and Pearson type III permutation methods are provided to compute probability values for Piccarreta's nominal-ordinal index of association. The resampling permutation method provides good approximate probability values based on the proportion of resampled test statistic values equal to or greater than the observed test statistic value. C1 [Berry, Kenneth J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Sociol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mielke, Paul W., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnston, Janis E.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Berry, KJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Sociol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM berry@mail.colostate.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1239 EP 1249 AR PII 915737648 DI 10.1080/02664760802578312 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 504KG UT WOS:000270614900005 ER PT J AU Heidenfelder, B Johnson, M Hudgens, E Inmon, J Hamilton, RG Neas, L Gallagher, JE AF Heidenfelder, Brooke Johnson, Markey Hudgens, Edward Inmon, Jefferson Hamilton, Robert G. Neas, Lucas Gallagher, Jane E. TI Increased Plasma Reactive Oxidant Levels and Their Relationship to Blood Cells, Total IgE, and Allergen-specific IgE Levels in Asthmatic Children SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; reactive oxidants; oxidative stress; immunoglobulin E; inflammation ID VITRO OXIDATIVE STRESS; RADICAL GENERATION; SUPEROXIDE ANION; DISEASE; EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; GRANULOCYTES; INFLAMMATION; ASSOCIATION; METABOLISM AB Asthma is a disorder characterized by inflammation of the airways. Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases including asthma. Characterizing biomarkers of oxidative stress in the context of other systemic measures of immune function or inflammation could provide insight regarding underlying mechanisms inducing asthma. We evaluated whether oxidative stress in the form of plasma reactive oxidants differs between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children and elucidate relationships between plasma reactive oxidants and other asthma-related immunological markers. Plasma reactive oxidants, white blood cell counts, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and a multi-allergen-specific IgE screen were measured in 74 asthmatic and 74 non-asthmatic children (9 to 13 years of age) from the Detroit, Michigan area. Plasma reactive oxidants were measured using a lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. Plasma reactive oxidants, eosinophils, and neutrophils (absolute counts and percent of total white blood cell counts), total IgE, and allergen-specific IgE levels were elevated in asthmatics after adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity. IgE (total or allergen-specific), eosinophils and neutrophils were not significantly associated with plasma reactive oxidant levels. The association between plasma reactive oxidants and asthma status was similar when eosinophils, neutrophils, total IgE, or allergen-specific IgE were included as possible confounders in multivariate logistic regression models. In conclusion, plasma reactive oxidants are elevated in asthmatics and appear to be an independent predictor of asthma status. Measurement of plasma reactive oxidants may be a useful adjunct diagnostic tool and potential mechanistic indicator relevant to the study of asthma and asthma exacerbation. C1 [Heidenfelder, Brooke; Johnson, Markey; Hudgens, Edward; Inmon, Jefferson; Neas, Lucas; Gallagher, Jane E.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hamilton, Robert G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hamilton, Robert G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Gallagher, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, MD 58 C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gallagher.jane@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2009 VL 46 IS 7 BP 687 EP 691 AR PII 914291356 DI 10.1080/02770900903056179 PG 5 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 490KN UT WOS:000269499900011 PM 19728206 ER PT J AU Delker, DA Geter, DR Roop, BC Ward, WO Ahlborn, GJ Allen, JW Nelson, GM Ouyang, M Welsh, W Chen, Y O'Brien, T Kitchin, KT AF Delker, Don A. Geter, David R. Roop, Barbara C. Ward, William O. Ahlborn, Gene J. Allen, James W. Nelson, Gail M. Ouyang, Ming Welsh, William Chen, Yan O'Brien, Thomas Kitchin, Kirk T. TI Oncogene Expression Profiles in K6/ODC Mouse Skin and Papillomas Following a Chronic Exposure to Monomethylarsonous Acid SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gene Expression; Monomethylarsonous Acid; Skin; K6/ODC Mouse; Squamous Papillomas; Arsenic ID METHYLATED TRIVALENT ARSENICALS; INDUCED CELL-TRANSFORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; TRANSGENIC MICE; IN-UTERO; ORNITHINE-DECARBOXYLASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TUMOR PROMOTION AB We have previously observed that a chronic drinking water exposure to monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)], a cellular metabolite of inorganic arsenic, increases tumor frequency in the skin of keratin VI/ornithine decarboxylase (K6/ODC) transgenic mice. To characterize gene expression profiles predictive of MMA(III) exposure and mode of action of carcinogenesis, skin and papilloma RNA was isolated from K6/ODC mice administered 0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm MMA(III) in their drinking water for 26 weeks. Following RNA processing, the resulting cRNA samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 GeneChips (R). Micoarray data were normalized using MAS 5.0 software, and statistically significant genes were determined using a regularized t-test. Significant changes in bZIP transcription factors, MAP kinase signaling, chromatin remodeling, and lipid metabolism gene transcripts were observed following MMA(III) exposure as determined using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 2.1 (DAVID) (Dennis et al., Genome Biol 2003;4(5):P3). MMA(III) also caused dose-dependent changes in multiple Rho guanine nucleotide triphosphatase (GTPase) and cell cycle related genes as determined by linear regression analyses. Observed increases in tran-script abundance of Fosl1, Myc, and Rac1 oncogenes in mouse skin support previous reports on the inducibility of these oncogenes in response to arsenic and support the relevance of these genomic changes in skin tumor induction in the K6/ODC mouse model. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:406-418, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20304 C1 [Delker, Don A.; Geter, David R.; Roop, Barbara C.; Ward, William O.; Ahlborn, Gene J.; Allen, James W.; Nelson, Gail M.; Kitchin, Kirk T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ouyang, Ming; Welsh, William] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ouyang, Ming; Welsh, William] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Inst Informat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Chen, Yan; O'Brien, Thomas] ODC Mouse Grp Inc, Drexel Hill, PA 19026 USA. RP Delker, DA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM don.delker@hsc.utah.edu NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 406 EP 418 DI 10.1002/jbt.20304 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 543AA UT WOS:000273540100004 PM 20024957 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, JA Boutin, B Grimmett, P AF Shoemaker, Jody A. Boutin, Brenda Grimmett, Paul TI Development of a US EPA Drinking Water Method for the Analysis of Selected Perfluoroalkyl Acids by Solid-Phase Extraction and LC-MS-MS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE CONCENTRATIONS; PERFLUORINATED ORGANIC-ACIDS; SURFACE-WATER; MARINE MAMMALS; HUMAN SERUM; FOOD-WEB; SAMPLES; BIRDS; JAPAN C1 [Shoemaker, Jody A.; Boutin, Brenda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab MS 564, Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shoemaker, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab MS 564, Natl Council Aging, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shoemaker.jody@epa.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 392KN UT WOS:000262301700002 PM 19161650 ER PT J AU Grimmett, PE Munch, JW AF Grimmett, Paul E. Munch, Jean W. TI Method Development for the Analysis of 1,4-Dioxane in Drinking Water Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Grimmett, Paul E.; Munch, Jean W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Grimmett, PE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc. FX We thank Alan Zaffiro and Barry V. Pepich of Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc., under contract to U.S. EPA OGWDW Technical Support Center, and Peggy Knight and Megan Pickett of U.S. EPA Region 10 Laboratory, Port Orchard, WA, for providing multi-laboratory demonstration data. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 17 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 392KN UT WOS:000262301700006 PM 19161654 ER PT J AU Gutknecht, WF Harper, SL Winstead, W Sorrell, K Binstock, DA Salmons, CA Haas, C McCombs, M Studabaker, W Wall, CV Moore, C AF Gutknecht, William F. Harper, Sharon L. Winstead, Wayne Sorrell, Kristen Binstock, David A. Salmons, Cynthia A. Haas, Curtis McCombs, Michelle Studabaker, William Wall, Constance V. Moore, Curtis TI Rapid new methods for paint collection and lead extraction SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES AB Chronic exposure of children to lead can result in permanent physiological impairment. In adults, it can cause irritability, poor muscle coordination, and nerve damage to the sense organs and nerves controlling the body. Surfaces coated with lead-containing paints are potential sources of exposure to lead. In April 2008, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized new requirements that would reduce exposure to lead hazards created by renovation, repair, and painting activities, which disturb lead-based paint. On-site, inexpensive identification of lead-based paint is required. Two steps have been taken to meet this challenge. First, this paper presents a new, highly efficient method for paint collection that is based on the use of a modified wood drill bit. Second, this paper presents a novel, one-step approach for quantitatively grinding and extracting lead from paint samples for subsequent lead determination. This latter method is based on the use of a high-revolutions per minute rotor with stator to break up the paint into approximately 50 micron-size particles. Nitric acid (25%, v/v) is used to extract the lead in <3 minutes. Recoveries are consistently >95% for real-world paints, National Institute of Standards and Technology's standard reference materials, and audit samples from the American Industrial Hygiene Association's Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing Program. This quantitative extraction procedure, when paired with quantitative paint sample collection and lead determination, may enable the development of a lead paint test kit that will meet the specifications of the final EPA rule. C1 [Gutknecht, William F.; Winstead, Wayne; Sorrell, Kristen; Binstock, David A.; Salmons, Cynthia A.; Haas, Curtis; McCombs, Michelle; Studabaker, William; Wall, Constance V.; Moore, Curtis] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Harper, Sharon L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gutknecht, WF (reprint author), RTI Int, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wfg@rti.org; harper.sharon@epa.gov FU EPA [EP-D-05-065]; RTI [SUB1174861RB] FX This research was funded by the EPA under EPA Contract Number EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology, Inc., and RTI Subcontract Number SUB1174861RB. Special acknowledgement is given to Dr. Hunter Daughtrey of Alion Science and Technology for his support of this effort and careful review of this document. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1039/b807679k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393KK UT WOS:000262372000020 PM 19137153 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Oliver, KD Seila, RL Jacumin, HH Croghan, C Daughtrey, EH Neas, LM Smith, LA AF Mukerjee, Shaibal Oliver, Karen D. Seila, Robert L. Jacumin, Henry H., Jr. Croghan, Carry Daughtrey, E. Hunter, Jr. Neas, Lucas M. Smith, Luther A. TI Field comparison of passive air samplers with reference monitors for ambient volatile organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide under week-long integrals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID CARBOPACK-X; DIFFUSIVE SAMPLERS; EL-PASO; NETWORK; OZONE; VOCS; BENZENE; TOLUENE; TEXAS; NO2 AB This study evaluates performance of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and volatile organic compound (VOC) passive samplers with corresponding reference monitors at two sites in the Detroit, Michigan area during the summer of 2005. Ogawa passive NO(2) samplers and custom-made, re-useable Perkin-Elmer (PE) tubes with Carbopack X sorbent for VOCs were deployed under week-long sampling periods for six weeks. Precise results (5% relative standard deviation, RSD) were found for NO(2) measurements from collocated Ogawa samplers. Reproducibility was also good for duplicate PE tubes for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX species, all <= 6% RSD). As seen in previous studies, comparison of Ogawa NO(2) samplers with reference chemiluminescence measurements suggested good agreement. Generally good agreement was also found between the PE tubes and reference methods for BTEX species. C1 [Mukerjee, Shaibal; Seila, Robert L.; Croghan, Carry] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oliver, Karen D.; Jacumin, Henry H., Jr.; Daughtrey, E. Hunter, Jr.; Smith, Luther A.] Al Sci & Technol Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Neas, Lucas M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI jianwu, shi/B-2557-2009; Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012 FU U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology, Inc. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1039/b809588d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393KK UT WOS:000262372000028 PM 19137161 ER PT J AU Wu, R Backus, S Basu, I Blanchard, P Brice, K Dryfhout-Clark, H Fowlie, P Hulting, M Hites, R AF Wu, Rosa Backus, Sean Basu, Ilora Blanchard, Pierrette Brice, Kenneth Dryfhout-Clark, Helena Fowlie, Peter Hulting, Melissa Hites, Ronald TI Findings from quality assurance activities in the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY MEASUREMENTS; GREAT-LAKES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HIGH-VOLUME; AIR; PAH; PERFORMANCE; CAPMON AB A series of experiments were conducted among the laboratories participating in the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) monitoring program to evaluate comparability of the reported persistent organic pollutant concentrations. This quality assurance activity is essential because a variety of methods are currently used for sample collection, extraction, and analysis by the IADN laboratories. The experiments included analyses of a common reference standard (CRS), analyses of split samples, and analyses of samples collected with co-located samplers at the Point Petre IADN measurement station. The analytes included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). For virtually all compounds, the laboratories produced generally comparable results for the CRS samples, the split samples and the co-location samples, although some differences were observed. Analysis of the methods may pinpoint areas where variations in the methods will result in the differences observed in the reported data. These differences can be due to the field sampling process, the analytical method, field blank values, or a combination of all these factors. This study points out the importance of QA activities at every step of an environmental monitoring process so that areas where improvements may be needed or where inconsistencies may exist can be identified. C1 [Wu, Rosa; Blanchard, Pierrette; Brice, Kenneth; Dryfhout-Clark, Helena] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Backus, Sean] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Basu, Ilora; Hites, Ronald] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Fowlie, Peter] Cornerstone Sci, Burlington, ON L7T 3B7, Canada. [Hulting, Melissa] US EPA, Great Lakes Program Off, Chicago, IL USA. RP Wu, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 277 EP 296 DI 10.1039/b810428j PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406DP UT WOS:000263275500018 PM 19212584 ER PT J AU Sadik, OA Zhou, AL Kikandi, S Du, N Wang, Q Varner, K AF Sadik, O. A. Zhou, A. L. Kikandi, S. Du, N. Wang, Q. Varner, K. TI Sensors as tools for quantitation, nanotoxicity and nanomonitoring assessment of engineered nanomaterials SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Review ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; BACTERIAL-CELL ARRAY; ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS; IN-VITRO; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; QUANTUM DOTS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE AB The discovery of fullerenes in 1985 has ushered in an explosive growth in the applications of engineered nanomaterials and consumer products. Nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are being incorporated into a range of commercial products such as consumer electronics, cosmetics, imaging and sensors. Nanomaterials offer new possibilities for the development of novel sensing and monitoring technologies. Nanosensors can be classified under two main categories: (i) Nanotechnology-enabled sensors or sensors that are themselves nanoscale or have nanoscale materials or components, and (ii) Nanoproperty-quantifiable sensors or sensors that are used to measure nanoscale properties. The first category can eventually result in lower material cost, reduced weight and energy consumption. The second category can enhance our understanding of the potential toxic effects of emerging pollutants from nanomaterials including fullerenes, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes. Despite the enormous literatures and reviews on Category I sensors, there are few sensors to measure nanoscale properties or sensors belonging to Category II. This class of nanosensors is an area of critical interest to nanotoxicology, detection and risk assessment, as well as for monitoring of environmental and/or biological exposure. This article discusses emerging fields of nanotoxicology and nanomonitoring including the challenges of characterizing engineered nanomaterials and the potentials of combining existing analytical techniques with conventional cytotoxicity methods. Two case studies are provided for development of Category II nanosensors for fullerene nanoparticles and quantum dots. One highlights the uniqueness of a portable, dissolved oxygen electrochemical sensor arrays capable of detecting the ENMs as well as provide rapid nanotoxicological information. This review has shown that addressing the complex and critical issues surrounding the environmental transformation and toxicity of ENMs must be accompanied by the creation of new approaches or further developments of existing instrumentation. C1 [Sadik, O. A.; Zhou, A. L.; Kikandi, S.; Du, N.; Wang, Q.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Sensors & Environm Monitoring CASE, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Varner, K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Characterizat Res Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Sadik, OA (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Sensors & Environm Monitoring CASE, POB 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RI zhou, ailing/C-8238-2014 OI zhou, ailing/0000-0002-3038-205X FU US EPA [RD-83409101]; NSF IGERT FX We acknowledge the US EPA for financial support through the STAR program (RD-83409101). We also acknowledge the financial support of the NSF IGERT fellowship to ND and US-EPA Student Services Contract to SK. NR 169 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 56 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 EI 1464-0333 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1782 EP 1800 DI 10.1039/b912860c PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504DH UT WOS:000270593700009 PM 19809701 ER PT J AU Wiener, RW AF Wiener, Russell W. TI The Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wiener, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2113 EP 2114 DI 10.1039/b919335a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100001 PM 20024007 ER PT J AU Hahn, I Wiener, RW Richmond-Bryant, J Brixey, LA Henkle, SW AF Hahn, Intaek Wiener, Russell W. Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Brixey, Laurie A. Henkle, Stacy W. TI Overview of the Brooklyn Traffic Real-time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study: theoretical background and model for design of field experiments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; DAILY MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; URBAN; UK; LONDON AB The Brooklyn traffic real-time ambient pollutant penetration and environmental dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study was a multidisciplinary field research project that investigated the transport, dispersion, and infiltration processes of traffic emission particulate matter (PM) pollutants in a near-highway urban residential area. The urban PM transport, dispersion, and infiltration processes were described mathematically in a theoretical model that was constructed to develop the experimental objectives of the B-TRAPPED study. In the study, simultaneous and continuous time-series PM concentration and meteorological data collected at multiple outdoor and indoor monitoring locations were used to characterize both temporal and spatial patterns of the PM concentration movements within microscale distances (< 500 m) from the highway. Objectives of the study included (1) characterizing the temporal and spatial PM concentration fluctuation and distribution patterns in the urban street canyon; (2) investigating the effects of urban structures such as a tall building or an intersection on the transport and dispersion of PM; (3) studying the influence of meteorological variables on the transport, dispersion, and infiltration processes; (4) characterizing the relationships between the building parameters and the infiltration mechanisms; (5) establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between outdoor-released PM and indoor PM concentrations and identifying the dominant mechanisms involved in the infiltration process; (6) evaluating the effectiveness of a shelter-in-place area for protection against outdoor-released PM pollutants; and (7) understanding the predominant airflow and pollutant dispersion patterns within the neighborhood using wind tunnel and CFD simulations. The 10 papers in this first set of papers presenting the results from the B-TRAPPED study address these objectives. This paper describes the theoretical background and models representing the interrelated processes of transport, dispersion, and infiltration. The theoretical solution for the relationship between the time-dependent indoor PM concentration and the initial PM concentration at the outdoor source was obtained. The theoretical models and solutions helped us to identify important parameters in the processes of transport, dispersion, and infiltration. The B-TRAPPED study field experiments were then designed to investigate these parameters in the hope of better understanding urban PM pollutant behaviors. C1 [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brixey, Laurie A.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Henkle, Stacy W.] KulTech Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA. RP Hahn, I (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM hahn.intaek@epa.gov RI Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2115 EP 2121 DI 10.1039/b907123g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100002 PM 20024008 ER PT J AU Richmond-Bryant, J Hahn, I Fortune, CR Rodes, CE Portzer, JW Lee, S Wiener, RW Smith, LA Wheeler, M Seagraves, J Stein, M Eisner, AD Brixey, LA Drake-Richman, ZE Brouwer, LH Ellenson, WD Baldauf, R AF Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Hahn, Intaek Fortune, Christopher R. Rodes, Charles E. Portzer, Jeffrey W. Lee, Sangdon Wiener, Russell W. Smith, Luther A. Wheeler, Michael Seagraves, Jeremy Stein, Mark Eisner, Alfred D. Brixey, Laurie A. Drake-Richman, Zora E. Brouwer, Lydia H. Ellenson, William D. Baldauf, Richard TI The Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) field study methodology SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; WIND-TUNNEL; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; OUTDOOR SOURCES; PERSONAL PM2.5; STREET CANYONS; UNITED-STATES; URBAN AREAS; INDOOR AB The Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) field study examined indoor and outdoor exposure to traffic-generated air pollution by studying the individual processes of generation of traffic emissions, transport and dispersion of air contaminants along a roadway, and infiltration of the contaminants into a residence. Real-time instrumentation was used to obtain highly resolved time-series concentration profiles for a number of air pollutants. The B-TRAPPED field study was conducted in the residential Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY, USA, in May 2005. The neighborhood contained the Gowanus Expressway (Interstate 278), a major arterial road (4(th) Avenue), and residential side streets running perpendicular to the Gowanus Expressway and 4(th) Avenue. Synchronized measurements were obtained inside a test house, just outside the test house facade, and along the urban residential street canyon on which the house was located. A trailer containing Federal Reference Method (FRM) and real-time monitors was located next to the Gowanus Expressway to assess the source. Ultrafine particulate matter (PM), PM(2.5), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction were monitored. Different sampling schemes were devised to focus on dispersion along the street canyon or infiltration into the test house. Results were obtained for ultrafine PM, PM(2.5), criteria gases, and wind conditions from sampling schemes focused on street canyon dispersion and infiltration. For comparison, the ultrafine PM and PM(2.5) results were compared with an existing data set from the Los Angeles area, and the criteria gas data were compared with measurements from a Vancouver epidemiologic study. Measured ultrafine PM and PM(2.5) concentration levels along the residential urban street canyon and at the test house facade in Sunset Park were demonstrated to be comparable to traffic levels at an arterial road and slightly higher than those in a residential area of Los Angeles. Indoor ultrafine PM levels were roughly 3-10 times lower than outdoor levels, depending on the monitor location. CO, NO(2), and SO(2) levels were shown to be similar to values that produced increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations in the Vancouver studies. C1 [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fortune, Christopher R.; Smith, Luther A.; Wheeler, Michael; Stein, Mark; Eisner, Alfred D.; Brixey, Laurie A.; Drake-Richman, Zora E.; Brouwer, Lydia H.; Ellenson, William D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rodes, Charles E.; Portzer, Jeffrey W.; Seagraves, Jeremy] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lee, Sangdon; Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Off Air & Radiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Richmond-Bryant, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MC B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richmond-bryant.jennifer@epa.gov RI Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2122 EP 2135 DI 10.1039/b907126c PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100003 PM 20024009 ER PT J AU Hahn, I Brixey, LA Wiener, RW Henkle, SW Baldauf, R AF Hahn, Intaek Brixey, Laurie A. Wiener, Russell W. Henkle, Stacy W. Baldauf, Richard TI Characterization of traffic-related PM concentration distribution and fluctuation patterns in near-highway urban residential street canyons SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; DAILY MORTALITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND-TUNNEL; FLOW-FIELD; DISPERSION; TURBULENCE; MODEL AB Analyses of outdoor traffic-related particulate matter (PM) concentration distribution and fluctuation patterns in urban street canyons within a microscale distance of less than 500 m from a highway source are presented as part of the results from the Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study. Various patterns of spatial and temporal changes in the street canyon PM concentrations were investigated using time-series data of real-time PM concentrations measured during multiple monitoring periods. Concurrent time-series data of local street canyon wind conditions and wind data from the John F. Kennedy (JFK) International Airport National Weather Service (NWS) were used to characterize the effects of various wind conditions on the behavior of street canyon PM concentrations. Our results suggest that wind direction may strongly influence time-averaged mean PM concentration distribution patterns in near-highway urban street canyons. The rooftop-level wind speeds were found to be strongly correlated with the PM concentration fluctuation intensities in the middle sections of the street blocks. The ambient turbulence generated by shifting local wind directions (angles) showed a good correlation with the PM concentration fluctuation intensities along the entire distance of the first and second street blocks only when the wind angle standard deviations were larger than 30 degrees. Within-canyon turbulent shearing, caused by fluctuating local street canyon wind speeds, showed no correlation with PM concentration fluctuation intensities. The time-averaged mean PM concentration distribution along the longitudinal distances of the street blocks when wind direction was mostly constantly parallel to the street was found to be similar to the distribution pattern for the entire monitoring period when wind direction fluctuated wildly. Finally, we showed that two different PM concentration metrics-time-averaged mean concentration and number of concentration peaks above a certain threshold level-can possibly lead to different assessments of spatial concentration distribution patterns. C1 [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Brixey, Laurie A.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Henkle, Stacy W.] KulTech Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hahn, I (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM hahn.intaek@epa.gov RI Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2136 EP 2145 DI 10.1039/b907130j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100004 PM 20024010 ER PT J AU Eisner, AD Richmond-Bryant, J Wiener, RW Hahn, I Drake-Richman, ZE Ellenson, WD AF Eisner, Alfred D. Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Wiener, Russell W. Hahn, Intaek Drake-Richman, Zora E. Ellenson, William D. TI Establishing a link between vehicular PM sources and PM measurements in urban street canyons SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; DISPERSION; CHILDREN; COHORT; TUNNEL AB The Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study, conducted in Brooklyn, NY, USA, in 2005, was designed with multiple goals in mind, two of which were contaminant source characterization and street canyon transport and dispersion monitoring. In the portion of the study described here, synchronized wind velocity and azimuth as well as particulate matter (PM) concentrations at multiple locations along 33rd Street were used to determine the feasibility of using traffic emissions in a complex urban topography as a sole tracer for studying urban contaminant transport. We demonstrate in this paper that it is possible to link downwind concentrations of contaminants in an urban street canyon to the vehicular traffic cycle using Eigen-frequency analysis. In addition, multivariable circular histograms are used to establish directional frequency maxima for wind velocity and contaminant concentration. C1 [Eisner, Alfred D.; Drake-Richman, Zora E.; Ellenson, William D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Eisner, AD (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM eisner.alfred@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2146 EP 2152 DI 10.1039/b907132f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100005 PM 20024011 ER PT J AU Richmond-Bryant, J Eisner, AD Hahn, I Fortune, CR Drake-Richman, ZE Brixey, LA Talih, M Wiener, RW Ellenson, WD AF Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Eisner, Alfred D. Hahn, Intaek Fortune, Christopher R. Drake-Richman, Zora E. Brixey, Laurie A. Talih, M. Wiener, Russell W. Ellenson, William D. TI Time-series analysis to study the impact of an intersection on dispersion along a street canyon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLE COUNTS; WIND-TUNNEL; POLLUTANT DISPERSION; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; URBAN; FLOW; CONFIGURATIONS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB This paper presents data analysis from the Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study to assess the transport of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) across urban intersections. Experiments were performed in a street canyon perpendicular to a highway in Brooklyn, NY, USA. Real-time ultrafine PM samplers were positioned on either side of an intersection at multiple locations along a street to collect time-series number concentration data. Meteorology equipment was positioned within the street canyon and at an upstream background site to measure wind speed and direction. Time-series analysis was performed on the PM data to compute a transport velocity along the direction of the street for the cases where background winds were parallel and perpendicular to the street. The data were analyzed for sampler pairs located (1) on opposite sides of the intersection and (2) on the same block. The time-series analysis demonstrated along-street transport, including across the intersection when background winds were parallel to the street canyon and there was minimal transport and no communication across the intersection when background winds were perpendicular to the street canyon. Low but significant values of the cross-correlation function (CCF) underscore the turbulent nature of plume transport along the street canyon. The low correlations suggest that flow switching around corners or traffic-induced turbulence at the intersection may have aided dilution of the PM plume from the highway. This observation supports similar findings in the literature. Furthermore, the time-series analysis methodology applied in this study is introduced as a technique for studying spatiotemporal variation in the urban microscale environment. C1 [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Eisner, Alfred D.; Fortune, Christopher R.; Drake-Richman, Zora E.; Brixey, Laurie A.; Ellenson, William D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Talih, M.] CUNY, Urban Publ Hlth Program, Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richmond-Bryant, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MC B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU US Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2153 EP 2162 DI 10.1039/b907134m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100006 PM 20024012 ER PT J AU Heist, DK Brixey, LA Richmond-Bryant, J Bowker, GE Perry, SG Wiener, RW AF Heist, David K. Brixey, Laurie A. Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Bowker, George E. Perry, Steven G. Wiener, Russell W. TI The effect of a tall tower on flow and dispersion through a model urban neighborhood SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; STREET CANYON; WIND-TUNNEL; POLLUTANT DISPERSION; OBSTACLES; ARRAYS; FIELD; ROUGHNESS; AIR AB Wind tunnel experiments were performed to examine the effect of a tall tower on the flow around an otherwise uniform array of buildings. Additionally, preliminary CFD simulations were run to visualize the flow with more resolution. The model used in both the wind tunnel and CFD studies was designed to simulate an area of Brooklyn, NY, USA, where blocks of residential row houses form a neighborhood bordering a major urban highway. This area was the site of a field study that, along with the work reported here, had the goal of improving the understanding of airflow and dispersion patterns within urban microenvironments. Results reveal that a tall tower has a dramatic effect on the flow in the street canyons in the neighboring blocks, enhancing the exchange between the street canyon flow and the freestream flow aloft. In particular, vertical motion down the windward side and up the leeward side of the tower resulted in strong flows in the lateral street canyons and increased winds in the street canyons in the immediate vicinity of the tower. These phenomena were visible in both the wind tunnel and CFD results, although some minor differences in the flow fields were noted. C1 [Heist, David K.; Perry, Steven G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brixey, Laurie A.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bowker, George E.] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Heist, DK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM heist.david@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2163 EP 2170 DI 10.1039/b907135k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100007 PM 20024013 ER PT J AU Brixey, LA Heist, DK Richmond-Bryant, J Bowker, GE Perry, SG Wiener, RW AF Brixey, Laurie A. Heist, David K. Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Bowker, George E. Perry, Steven G. Wiener, Russell W. TI The effect of a tall tower on flow and dispersion through a model urban neighborhood SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; STREET CANYONS; POLLUTANT DISPERSION; PART I; AIR-POLLUTION; WIND-TUNNEL; TRANSPORT; CITIES; VALIDATION; MORTALITY AB This article is the second in a two-paper series presenting results from wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow and dispersion in an idealized model urban neighborhood. Pollutant dispersion results are presented and discussed for a model neighborhood that was characterized by regular city blocks of three-story row houses with a single 12-story tower located at the downwind edge of one of these blocks. The tower had three significant effects on pollutant dispersion in the surrounding street canyons: drawing the plume laterally towards the tower, greatly enhancing the vertical dispersion of the plume in the wake of the tower, and significantly decreasing the residence time of pollutants in the wake of the tower. In the wind tunnel, tracer gas released in the avenue lee of the tower, but several blocks away laterally, was pulled towards the tower and lifted in the wake of the tower. The same lateral movement of the pollutant was seen in the next avenue, which was approximately 2.5 tower heights downwind of the tower. The tower also served to ventilate the street canyon directly in its wake more rapidly than the surrounding areas. This was evidenced by CFD simulations of concentration decay where the residence time of pollutants lee of the 12-story tower was found to be less than half the residence time behind a neighboring three-story building. This same phenomenon of rapid vertical dispersion lee of a tower among an array of smaller buildings was also demonstrated in a separate set of wind tunnel experiments using an array of cubical blocks. A similar decrease in the residence time was observed when the height of one block was increased. C1 [Brixey, Laurie A.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Heist, David K.; Perry, Steven G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bowker, George E.] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brixey, LA (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM brixey.laurie@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2171 EP 2179 DI 10.1039/b907137g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100008 PM 20024014 ER PT J AU Rodes, CE VanOsdell, DW Portzer, JW Seagraves, J Hahn, I Henkle, SW Wiener, RW AF Rodes, Charles E. VanOsdell, Douglas W. Portzer, Jeffrey W. Seagraves, Jeremy Hahn, Intaek Henkle, Stacy W. Wiener, Russell W. TI Building characterization and aerosol infiltration into a naturally ventilated three-story apartment building SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; PARTICLES AB Understanding infiltration of outdoor pollutants was an integral part of the Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study. For this reason, the structural and air exchange properties of the three-story row house in Brooklyn, NY, USA, that was used in the B-TRAPPED experiments were fully characterized. Factors investigated included representativeness of the construction and impact of building design features on the natural ventilation and infiltration of outdoor aerosol. Both blower door and perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) air exchange rate (AER) experiments showed that the ventilation rates of the building were quite typical of similar structures in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) aerosol count ratios by particle size were comparable to a similar vintage naturally ventilated building in Boston, MA, USA. I/O ratio analyses were consistent with literature findings and showed I/O ratios ranging from 0.310 to 0.601, varying across particle sizes (from 0.3 to 0.5 mu m) and between first and second floor apartments. An effort to apply the rebound method of Thatcher et al. (Aerosol Sci. Technol., 2003, 37, 847-864) in determining aerosol infiltration rates proved unsuccessful due to unexpectedly long (> 60 min) equilibration times after the filtration period. Uninsulated interior wall renovations in the study house created a cavity that resulted in a large intermediate dead volume (for infiltration) that apparently could not be accommodated by a simple infiltration model. Simple two-compartment models evidently have finite application limitations for even modestly complex settings. C1 [Rodes, Charles E.; VanOsdell, Douglas W.; Portzer, Jeffrey W.; Seagraves, Jeremy] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Henkle, Stacy W.] KulTech Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rodes, CE (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM charlesr@rti.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2180 EP 2191 DI 10.1039/b907139n PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100009 PM 20024015 ER PT J AU Hahn, I Brixey, LA Wiener, RW Henkle, SW AF Hahn, Intaek Brixey, Laurie A. Wiener, Russell W. Henkle, Stacy W. TI Parameterization of meteorological variables in the process of infiltration of outdoor ultrafine particles into a residential building SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID TRACER GAS MEASUREMENTS; SHELTER-IN-PLACE; AIR CHANGE RATES; FINE PARTICLES; INDOOR AIR; PART I; FLOW; PENETRATION; VENTILATION; PM2.5 AB As part of the Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study, a field investigation was conducted of the mechanisms involved in infiltration of outdoor particles (0.02 mm to 1 mu m) into a near-highway urban residential building. Using continuous real-time total number concentration time-series data measured simultaneously at multiple outdoor and indoor locations, the infiltration time was estimated for various indoor sites by using the cross-correlation analysis method. The effects of meteorological variables on infiltration times were also characterized at given locations. In particular, infiltration time was examined as a function of outdoor mean rooftop wind speed. Outdoor and indoor temperature and relative humidity were also investigated in relation to infiltration times. Our results showed that outdoor wind speed was the dominant meteorological parameter affecting the infiltration rate, but no correlation was found with temperature. The outdoor-indoor PM concentration ratio was found to be significantly different for the first and second floors of the test building. Finally, we determined the effectiveness of a protective shelter-in-place area inside the building by calculating infiltration times into the area. We found that the shelter-in-place area offered some protection against the infiltrating particles because of increased attenuation of the outdoor concentration. C1 [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Brixey, Laurie A.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Nat Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Henkle, Stacy W.] KulTech Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA. RP Hahn, I (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM hahn.intaek@epa.gov RI Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2192 EP 2200 DI 10.1039/b907140g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100010 PM 20024016 ER PT J AU Eisner, AD Richmond-Bryant, J Hahn, I Drake-Richman, ZE Brixey, LA Wiener, RW Ellenson, WD AF Eisner, Alfred D. Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Hahn, Intaek Drake-Richman, Zora E. Brixey, Laurie A. Wiener, Russell W. Ellenson, William D. TI Analysis of indoor air pollution trends and characterization of infiltration delay time using a cross-correlation method SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION; PARTICLES; ENVIRONMENTS; EXPOSURE; PM2.5 AB High-density housing in close proximity to freeways in conjunction with high concentrations of traffic emissions may contribute to significant degradation of indoor air quality. Densely populated areas may also be targeted for intentional releases of biological or chemical agents because an urban release could result in higher morbidity and mortality from the attack. Since people tend to spend the majority of their time indoors, it is paramount to explore the relationships between outdoor and indoor air quality and, specifically, the time scales that characterize transport of airborne contaminants from outdoors to indoors. In the Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study, a three-story row house with a flat face and roof and multiple rooms was used to investigate outdoor-to-indoor contaminant time scales. The building was located in the Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY, USA, in the vicinity of a major expressway and a heavily trafficked arterial road. It was found that the building shell has a profound impact on the indoor concentrations. A strong hourly periodicity (see Eisner et al., this issue, DOI: 10.1039/b907132f) in concentration outside the building during the morning "rush hour" was used as evidence to suggest that indoor contaminants originated from outdoor air penetration. Although the indoor concentrations followed a similar pattern, indoor concentrations were found to be more persistent than outdoor concentrations. Stronger persistency is used here to describe the tendency of the indoor concentration to continue to rise even if the outdoor concentration has started to drop, or vice versa. This may be an important factor in assessing negative health risks to inhabitants or first responders. A cross-correlation technique was employed to study the correlation between outdoor and indoor time series. In the high-density housing residential building used in the study, it was found that a long lag time exists (11 min) before indoor and outdoor concentrations reach maximal correlation. C1 [Eisner, Alfred D.; Drake-Richman, Zora E.; Brixey, Laurie A.; Ellenson, William D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hahn, Intaek] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wiener, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eisner, AD (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM eisner.alfred@epa.gov RI Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 with Alion Science and Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2201 EP 2206 DI 10.1039/b907144j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527IG UT WOS:000272360100011 PM 20024017 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Tan, RJ Ghio, K Fattman, CL Oury, TD AF Ghio, Andrew J. Tan, Roderick J. Ghio, Kathleen Fattman, Cheryl L. Oury, Tim D. TI Iron Accumulation and Expression of Iron-Related Proteins Following Murine Exposure to Crocidolite SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asbestos; ferritin; metal transport protein 1; divalent metal transporter 1; duodenal cytochrome b ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DUODENAL CYTOCHROME-B; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LUNG INJURY; ASBESTOS; GENE; CYTOTOXICITY; TRANSPORTER; METABOLISM; GENERATION AB We tested die postulate that asbestos exposure alters iron homeostasis in the mouse lung. Crocidolite asbestos (100 mu g intratracheally) was instilled into C5713L/6 mice TiO(2) served as a control exposure. Using iron staining and immunohistochemistry, concentrations of this metal and expression of several iron transport and storage proteins were evaluated at one day and one month following asbestos exposure. Iron was not stainable one day following asbestos instillation but was increased one month later. There was an elevated expression of duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferritin at both one day and one month after crocidolite exposure. While ferroportin (FPN1) expression was increased one day after asbestos exposure, levels of this metal exporter had returned to baseline at one month. TiO(2) did not affect changes in either the iron concentration or the expression of these iron-related proteins at one day and one month. We conclude that asbestos exposure alters lung iron homeostasis with an accumulation of the metal resulting. Elevations in available iron affect changes in the expression of Dcytb, DMT1, ferritin, and FPN1, which further modify metal homeostasis in the lung. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Ghio, Kathleen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.; Tan, Roderick J.; Oury, Tim D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Fattman, Cheryl L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 0731-8898 J9 J ENVIRON PATHOL TOX JI J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 506RP UT WOS:000270793700008 PM 19817702 ER PT J AU Adcock, NJ Rice, EW Sivaganesan, M Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE Swayne, DE AF Adcock, Noreen J. Rice, Eugene W. Sivaganesan, Mano Brown, Justin D. Stallknecht, David E. Swayne, David E. TI The use of bacteriophages of the family Cystoviridae as surrogates for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in persistence and inactivation studies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bacteriophage; surrogate; avian influenza virus; H5N1; persistence; inactivation; water ID WATER AB Two bacteriophages, phi 6 and phi 8, were investigated as potential surrogates for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in persistence and chlorine inactivation studies in water. In the persistence studies, phi 6 and phi 8 remained infectious at least as long as the H5N1 viruses at both 17 and 28 degrees C in fresh water, but results varied in salinated water. The bacteriophage phi 6 also exhibited a slightly higher chlorine resistance than that of the H5N1 viruses. Based upon these findings, the bacteriophages may have potential for use as surrogates in persistence and inactivation studies in fresh water. C1 [Adcock, Noreen J.; Rice, Eugene W.; Sivaganesan, Mano] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Brown, Justin D.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Adcock, NJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM adcock.noreen@epa.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2009 VL 44 IS 13 BP 1362 EP 1366 DI 10.1080/10934520903217054 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517JW UT WOS:000271610600006 PM 20183493 ER PT J AU Benfenati, E Benigni, R DeMarini, DM Helma, C Kirkland, D Martin, TM Mazzatorta, P Ouedraogo-Arras, G Richard, AM Schilter, B Schoonen, WGEJ Snyder, R Yang, C AF Benfenati, E. Benigni, R. DeMarini, D. M. Helma, C. Kirkland, D. Martin, T. M. Mazzatorta, P. Ouedraogo-Arras, G. Richard, A. M. Schilter, B. Schoonen, W. G. E. J. Snyder, R. D. Yang, C. TI Predictive Models for Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity: Frameworks, State-of-the-Art, and Perspectives SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Carcinogenicity; mutagenicity; QSAR; in silico; predictive methods ID FOLLOW-UP; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TOXICITY DATABASES; GENOTOXICITY ASSAY; CANCER MORTALITY; AROMATIC-AMINES; QSAR MODELS; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS; REPAIR AB Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are endpoints of major environmental and regulatory concern. These endpoints are also important targets for development of alternative methods for screening and prediction due to the large number of chemicals of potential concern and the tremendous cost (in time, money, animals) of rodent carcinogenicity bioassays. Both mutagenicity and carcinogenicity involve complex, cellular processes that are only partially understood. Advances in technologies and generation of new data will permit a much deeper understanding. In silico methods for predicting mutagenicity and rodent carcinogenicity based on chemical structural features, along with current mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data sets, have performed well for local prediction (i.e., within specific chemical classes), but are less successful for global prediction (i.e., for a broad range of chemicals). The predictivity of in silico methods can be improved by improving the quality of the data base and endpoints used for modelling. In particular, in vitro assays for clastogenicity need to be improved to reduce false positives (relative to rodent carcinogenicity) and to detect compounds that do not interact directly with DNA or have epigenetic activities. New assays emerging to complement or replace some of the standard assays include Vitotox, GreenScreenGC, and RadarScreen. The needs of industry and regulators to assess thousands of compounds necessitate the development of high-throughput assays combined with innovative data-mining and in silico methods. Various initiatives in this regard have begun, including CAESAR, OSIRIS, CHEMOMENTUM, CHEMPREDICT, OpenTox, EPAA, and ToxCast. In silico methods can be used for priority setting, mechanistic studies, and to estimate potency. Ultimately, such efforts should lead to improvements in application of in silico methods for predicting carcinogenicity to assist industry and regulators and to enhance protection of public health. C1 [Benfenati, E.] Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Lab Environm & Chem Toxicol, I-20156 Milan, Italy. [Benigni, R.] Ist Super Sanita, Environm & Hlth Dept, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [DeMarini, D. M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Helma, C.] Silico Toxicol, Basel, Switzerland. [Kirkland, D.] Covance Labs Ltd, Harrogate, England. [Martin, T. M.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mazzatorta, P.; Schilter, B.] Nestle Res Ctr, Qual & Safety Dept, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Ouedraogo-Arras, G.] LOreal, Safety Res Dept, Aulnay Sous Bois, France. [Richard, A. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schoonen, W. G. E. J.] Schering Plough Res Inst, Oss, Netherlands. [Snyder, R. D.] Schering Plough Res Inst, Summit, NJ USA. [Yang, C.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Benfenati, E (reprint author), Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Lab Environm & Chem Toxicol, Via Masa 19, I-20156 Milan, Italy. EM benfenati@marionegri.it RI Embrett, Mark/H-4466-2014 OI Embrett, Mark/0000-0002-3969-0219 FU European Commission [SP5A-CT-2007-044166] FX We acknowledge the financial support of the European Commission, project SCARLET, contract no. SP5A-CT-2007-044166. This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and National Center for Computational Toxicology, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 78 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL C JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. C-Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 57 EP 90 AR PII 910915395 DI 10.1080/10590500902885593 PG 34 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 439UV UT WOS:000265653700001 PM 19412856 ER PT J AU White, SS Birnbaum, LS AF White, Sally S. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI An Overview of the Effects of Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds on Vertebrates, as Documented in Human and Ecological Epidemiology SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Dioxin; ecology; environmental toxicology; furan; historical production; historical releases; molecular mechanisms; PCB; PCDD; PCDF; vertebrate health; wildlife ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; AH RECEPTOR; HARBOR SEALS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TCDD; EXPOSURE; WILDLIFE AB Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are primary examples of persistent organic pollutants that induce toxicity in both wildlife and humans. Over the past 200 years these compounds have been almost exclusively generated by human activity and have left a string of disasters in the wake of their accidental release. Most recently, the contamination of the Irish pork supply with dioxins resulted in an international recall of all Irish pork products. Epidemiologic data on human and ecological dioxin exposures have revealed a common pattern of biological response among vertebrate species, which is mediated through activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). These AhR-mediated effects include profound consequences on the vertebrate individual exposed in early life with respect to myriad developmental endpoints including neurologic, immunologic, and reproductive parameters. Humans appear to be susceptible to these effects in a manner similar to that of the laboratory and wildlife species, which have demonstrated such outcomes. Furthermore, epidemiologic data suggest that there is little or no margin of exposure for humans with respect to these developmental effects. Given these concerns, prudent public health policy should include the continued reduction of exposures. C1 [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, Off Director, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [White, Sally S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP White, SS (reprint author), NIEHS, Off Director, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM birnbaumls@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 52 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL C JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. C-Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 4 BP 197 EP 211 AR PII 917258542 DI 10.1080/10590500903310047 PG 15 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 525QO UT WOS:000272231600001 PM 19953395 ER PT J AU Ozkaynak, H Glenn, B Qualters, JR Strosnider, H McGeehin, MA Zenick, H AF Oezkaynak, Haluk Glenn, Barbara Qualters, Judith R. Strosnider, Heather McGeehin, Michael A. Zenick, Harold TI Summary and findings of the EPA and CDC symposium on air pollution exposure and health SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; exposure; health information; surveillance; tracking; accountability ID DAILY MORTALITY; PARTICULATE; ASSOCIATIONS; TRACKING; DISEASE; COUNTY; OZONE AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) co-organized a symposium on "Air Pollution Exposure and Health" at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina on September 19-20, 2006. The symposium brought together health and environmental scientists to discuss the state of the science and the cross-jurisdictional and methodological challenges in conducting air pollution epidemiology, environmental public health tracking and accountability research. The symposium was held over 2 days and consisted of technical presentations and breakout group discussions on each of the three principal themes of this meeting: (1) monitoring and exposure modeling information, (2) health effects data and (3) linkage of air quality and health data for research, tracking and accountability. This paper summarizes the symposium presentations and the conclusions and recommendations developed during the meeting. The accompanying two papers, which appear in this issue of the Journal, provide more in-depth discussion of issues pertinent to obtaining and analyzing air pollution exposure and health information. The symposium succeeded in identifying areas where there are critical gaps of knowledge in existing air pollution exposure and health information and in discovering institutional or programmatic barriers, which impede accessing and linking disparate data sets. Several suggestions and recommendations emerged from this meeting, directed toward (1) improving the utility of air monitoring data for exposure quanti. cation, (2) improving access to and the quality of health data, (3) studying emerging air quality and health issues, (4) exploring improved or novel methods for linking data and (5) developing partnerships, building capacity and facilitating interdisciplinary communication. The meeting was successful in promoting an interdisciplinary dialogue around these issues and in formulating strategies to support these recommended activities. Finally, this symposium subsequently led to strengthening and initiating new partnerships or interactions between the EPA, CDC, States, academia and the research community at large. C1 [Glenn, Barbara] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Qualters, Judith R.; Strosnider, Heather; McGeehin, Michael A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zenick, Harold] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ozkaynak, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ozkaynak.haluk@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; United States Centers for Disease Control through its Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects [EP-C-05-015]; SCG Inc. [200-2004-03409/0491] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development and the United States Centers for Disease Control through its Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects have partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under EPA contract no. EP-C-05-015 to SCG Inc. and under CDC contract no. 200-2004-03409/0491 to Northrop Grumman to provide the services of Nancy Tosta (Ross Associates). This manuscript has been subjected to both EPA and CDC Agency reviews and approved for publication. The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.34 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384YF UT WOS:000261779400002 PM 18560447 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Ryan, PB Ozkaynak, H AF McKone, Thomas E. Ryan, P. Barry Oezkaynak, Haluk TI Exposure information in environmental health research: Current opportunities and future directions for particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air pollutants SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health tracking; air pollution epidemiology; risk assessment; accountability; exposure classification ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; LOS-ANGELES RESIDENTS; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; AMBIENT AIR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB Understanding and quantifying outdoor and indoor sources of human exposure are essential but often not adequately addressed in health effect studies for air pollution. Air pollution epidemiology, risk assessment, health tracking, and accountability assessments are examples of health effect studies that require but often lack adequate exposure information. Recent advances in exposure modeling along with better information on time-activity and exposure factor data provide us with unique opportunities to improve the assignment of exposures for both future and ongoing studies linking air pollution to health impacts. In September 2006, scientists from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention along with scientists from the academic community and state health departments convened a symposium on air pollution exposure and health to identify, evaluate, and improve current approaches for linking air pollution exposures to disease. This manuscript presents the key issues, challenges, and recommendations identified by the exposure working group, who used case studies of particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air-pollutant exposure to evaluate health effects for air pollution. One of the overarching lessons of this workshop is that obtaining better exposure information for these different health effect studies requires both goal setting for what is needed and mapping out the transition pathway from current capabilities for meeting these goals. Meeting our long-term goals requires definition of incremental steps that provide useful information for the interim and move us toward our long-term goals. Another overarching theme among the three different pollutants and the different health study approaches is the need for integration among alternate exposure-assessment approaches. For example, different groups may advocate exposure indicators, biomonitoring, mapping methods (GIS), modeling, environmental media monitoring, and/or personal exposure modeling. However, emerging research reveals that the greatest progress comes from integration among two or more of these efforts. C1 [McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. [Ryan, P. Barry] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail stop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. EM temckone@lbl.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009 FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP06D000722]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the US Department of Energy [DW-89-93058201-1, DE-AC0205CH11231]; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U19/EH000097-03] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract no. EP06D000722 to Dr. P. Barry Ryan and through Interagency Agreement DW-89-93058201-1 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the US Department of Energy under Contract Grant no. DE-AC0205CH11231. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. This work was also supported by Cooperative Agreement number U19/EH000097-03 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 89 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 30 EP 44 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384YF UT WOS:000261779400003 PM 18385670 ER PT J AU Thurston, GD Bekkedal, MYV Roberts, EM Ito, K Pope, CA Glenn, BS Oezkaynak, H Utell, MJ AF Thurston, George D. Bekkedal, Marni Y. V. Roberts, Eric M. Ito, Kazuhiko Pope, C. Arden, III Glenn, Barbara S. Oezkaynak, Haluk Utell, Mark J. TI Use of health information in air pollution health research: Past successes and emerging needs SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; tracking; health data sets; epidemiology; accountability; particulate matter ID RESPIRATORY HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; POSTNEONATAL INFANT-MORTALITY; AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER; NORTH-AMERICAN CHILDREN; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; UTAH-VALLEY AB In September 2006, the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) co-organized a symposium on "Air Pollution Exposure and Health." The main objective of this symposium was to identify opportunities for improving the use of exposure and health information in future studies of air pollution health effects. This paper deals with the health information needs of such studies. We begin with a selected review of different types of health data and how they were used in previous epidemiologic studies of health effects of ambient particulate matter ( PM). We then examine the current and emerging information needs of the environmental health community, dealing with PM and other air pollutants of health concern. We conclude that the past use of routinely collected health data proved to be essential for activities to protect public health, including the identification and evaluation of health hazards by air pollution research, setting standards for criteria pollutants, surveillance of health outcomes to identify incidence trends, and the more recent CDC environmental public health tracking program. Unfortunately, access to vital statistics records that have informed such pivotal research has recently been curtailed sharply, threatening the continuation of the type of research necessary to support future standard setting and research on emerging exposure and health problems (e. g. asthma, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and others), as well as our ability to evaluate the efficacy of regulatory and other prevention activities. A comprehensive devoted effort, perhaps new legislation, will be needed to address the standardization, centralization, and sharing of data sets, as well as to harmonize the interpretation of confidentiality and privacy protections across jurisdictions. These actions, combined with assuring researchers and public health practitioners appropriate access to data for evaluation of environmental risks, will be essential for the achievement of our environmental health protection goals. C1 [Utell, Mark J.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med & Environm Med, Div Pulm, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Thurston, George D.; Ito, Kazuhiko] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. [Bekkedal, Marni Y. V.] Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Roberts, Eric M.] Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. [Pope, C. Arden, III] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Econ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Glenn, Barbara S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Utell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med & Environm Med, Div Pulm, Box 692,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM mark_utell@umrc.rochester.edu FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP06D000757, EP06D000748, EP06D000741] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract numbers: EP06D000757 to Dr. George Thurston; EP06D000748 to Dr. Arden Pope, and; EP06D000741 to Dr. Mark Utell. This paper has been subjected to Agency Review and approved for publication. NR 94 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.41 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384YF UT WOS:000261779400004 PM 18781194 ER PT J AU Vonderheide, AP Bernard, CE Hieber, TE Kauffman, PE Morgan, JN Melnyk, LJ AF Vonderheide, Anne P. Bernard, Craig E. Hieber, Thomas E. Kauffman, Peter E. Morgan, Jeffrey N. Melnyk, Lisa Jo TI Surface-to-food pesticide transfer as a function of moisture and fat content SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; excess dietary exposure; pesticides; surface transfer; transfer efficiency ID CHILDRENS ACTIVITIES; DIETARY EXPOSURE; RESIDUES; RISKS; MODEL AB Transfer of pesticides from household surfaces to foods may result in excess dietary exposure in children (i.e., beyond that inherent in foods due to agricultural application). In this study, transfer was evaluated as a function of the moisture and fat content of various foods. Surfaces chosen for investigation were those commonly found in homes and included Formica (R), ceramic tile, plastic, carpet, and upholstery fabric. Each surface type was sprayed with an aqueous emulsion of organophosphates, fipronil, and synthetic pyrethroids. In the first phase of the study, multiple foods (apples, watermelon, wheat crackers, graham crackers, white bread, flour tortillas, bologna, fat-free bologna, sugar cookies, ham, Fruit Roll-ups (R), pancakes, and processed American cheese) were categorized with respect to moisture and fat content. All were evaluated for potential removal of applied pesticides fro m a Formica surface. In the second phase of the study, representative foods from each classification were investigated for their potential for pesticide transfer with an additional four surfaces: ceramic tile, plastic, upholstery, and carpet. Moisture content, not fat, was found to be a determining factor in most transfers. For nearly all surfaces, more efficient transfer occurred with increased hardness ( Formica and ceramic tile). Comparatively, the polymer composition of the plastic delivered overall lower transfer efficiencies, presumably due to an attraction between it and the organic pesticides of interest. C1 [Vonderheide, Anne P.; Bernard, Craig E.; Morgan, Jeffrey N.; Melnyk, Lisa Jo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev,Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Melnyk, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev,Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Melnyk.lisa@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384YF UT WOS:000261779400009 PM 18414514 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Chung, YJ Haykal-Coates, N Copeland, LB AF Ward, Marsha D. W. Chung, Yong Joo Haykal-Coates, Najwa Copeland, Lisa B. TI Differential allergy responses to Metarhizium anisopliae fungal component extracts in BALB/c mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biopesticide; Metarhizium anisopliae; allergic airways ID CUTICLE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; ASTHMA; MODEL; ACTIVATION; VISITS AB Intratracheal aspiration (IA) exposure to Metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (MACA), which is composed of equal protein amounts of mycelium (MYC), conidia (CON) and inducible proteases/chitinases (IND) extracts/filtrates, has resulted in responses characteristic of human allergic asthma in mice. The study objective was to evaluate the potential of each component extract to induce allergic/asthma-like responses observed in this mouse model. BALB/c mice received 4 IA exposures to MACA, CON, MYC, IND, or bovine serum albumin (BSA; negative control) or appropriate vehicle control or inflammatory control over a 4-wk period. Mice were assessed by whole-body plethysmography for immediate airway responses and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (Mch) challenge (PenH). Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected 3 d after the final exposure. Additionally, BALF neurotrophin levels and extract protease and chitinase activity levels were evaluated. Western blot analysis showed that each component contained different IgE-reactive proteins. All fungal extract exposures resulted in elevated BALF total and differential cell counts, IgE and IgA and total serum IgE compared to HBSS and BSA controls. MYC-exposed mice had the highest responses except for neutrophil influx, which was highest in MACA and IND exposures. However, the MYC-exposed mice had significantly lower PenH values compared to other treatments. By comparison IND and MACA induced significantly higher PenH values. Additionally, IND had substantially higher protease activity levels but induced the lowest neurotrophin levels compared to the other fungal exposures. In this allergic asthma model extract chitinase activity was not associated with allergic responses. In summary, multiple exposures to any of the M. anisopliae component extracts induced allergic/asthma-like responses in BALB/c mice but the response magnitude was different for each component and each appears to contain unique IgE-reactive proteins. Therefore, hazard identification and/or risk assessment for molds must test both mycelia and conidia. C1 [Ward, Marsha D. W.; Chung, Yong Joo; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Copeland, Lisa B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ward, MDW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 T W Alexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ward.marsha@epa.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1080/15476910802630387 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 481HE UT WOS:000268797500008 PM 19519164 ER PT J AU Tarantino-Hutchison, LM Sorrentino, C Nadas, A Zhu, YW Rubin, EM Tinkle, SS Weston, A Gordon, T AF Tarantino-Hutchison, Lauren M. Sorrentino, Claudio Nadas, Arthur Zhu, Yiwen Rubin, Edward M. Tinkle, Sally S. Weston, Ainsley Gordon, Terry TI Genetic determinants of sensitivity to beryllium in mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beryllium; chronic beryllium disease; mouse model ID MURINE STRAIN DIFFERENCES; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; MHC-CLASS-II; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; DISEASE; SENSITIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIGEN; EXPOSURE; EPITOPES AB Chronic beryllium disease (CBD), an irreversible, debilitating granulomatous lung disease is caused by exposure to beryllium. This occupational hazard occurs in primary production and machining of Be-metal, BeO, beryllium containing alloys, and other beryllium products. CBD begins as an MHC Class II-restricted, T(H)1 hypersensitivity, and the Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA-DPB1E(69), is associated with risk of developing CBD. Because inbred strains of mice have not provided good models of CBD to date, three strains of HLA-DPB1 transgenic mice in an FVB/N background were developed; each contains a single allele of HLA-DPB1 that confers a different magnitude of risk for chronic beryllium disease: HLA-DPB1*0401 (OR approximate to 0.2), HLA-DPB1*0201 (OR approximate to 3), and HLA-DPB1*1701 (OR approximate to 46). The mouse ear swelling test ( MEST) was employed to determine if these different alleles would support a hypersensitivity response to beryllium. Mice were first sensitized on the back and subsequently challenged on the ear. In separate experiments, mice were placed into one of three groups (sensitization/challenge): C/C, C/Be, and Be/Be. In the HLA-DPB1*1701 mice, the strain with the highest risk transgene, the Be/Be group was the only group that displayed significant maximum increased ear thickness of 19.6% +/- 3.0% over the baseline measurement (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the other transgenic strains for any treatment condition. In addition, inter-strain differences in response to beryllium in seven inbred strains were investigated through use of the MEST, these included: FVB/N, AKR, Balb/c, C3H/HeJ, C57/BL6, DBA/2, and SJL/J. The FVB/N strain was least responsive, while the SJL/J and C57/BL6 strains were the highest responders. Our results suggest that the HLA-DPB1*1701 transgene product is an important risk factor for induction of the beryllium-sensitive phenotype. This model should be a useful tool for investigating beryllium sensitization. C1 [Tarantino-Hutchison, Lauren M.; Sorrentino, Claudio; Nadas, Arthur; Gordon, Terry] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Zhu, Yiwen; Rubin, Edward M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tinkle, Sally S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Director, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gordon, T (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM terry.gordon@nyumc.org FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63919]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES011473] FX Department of Energy (DE-FG02-04ER63919); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES011473). NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1080/15476910902977399 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 481HG UT WOS:000268797800006 PM 19589099 ER PT J AU Pucheu-Haston, CM Copeland, LB Haykal-Coates, N Ward, MDW AF Pucheu-Haston, Cherie M. Copeland, Lisa B. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Ward, Marsha D. W. TI The effects of pregnancy on the exacerbation and development of maternal allergic respiratory disease SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asthma; maternal asthma; gestational exposure; pregnancy; mouse; Metarhizium anisopliae ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BALB/C MICE; DUST-MITE; RESPONSES; ASTHMA; SENSITIZATION; COEXPOSURE; PARTICLES; EXTRACTS; EXPOSURE AB The T-helper 2 (T(H)2) bias associated with pregnancy may predispose the pregnant mother to the development or exacerbation of allergic disease. To determine the effects of pregnancy on pre-existing maternal sensitization, we sensitized BALB/c mice before breeding by two intratracheal aspiration (IA) exposures to the fungal allergen, Metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (MACA). Some mice also received three IA exposures to MACA on gestational days 11, 15, and 19. After weaning, all mice were challenged IA with MACA before killing. To determine the effects of pregnancy on susceptibility to future sensitization, nave parous and nulliparous BALB/c mice were sensitized by three IA exposures to MACA or to Hank's buffered salt solution vehicle control. Pregnancy did not have a significant effect on individual inflammatory parameters (airway responsiveness to methacholine, total serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) IgE, BALF total protein, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and total and differential cell counts) following allergen challenge in sensitized mice, regardless of post-breeding allergen exposure. In conclusion there was a weak inhibition of the overall response in mice exposed to allergen during pregnancy compared to identically treated nulliparous mice. In contrast, parous mice that did not encounter allergen post-breeding tended to have exacerbated responses. Parity had no significant impact on future susceptibility to sensitization. C1 [Pucheu-Haston, Cherie M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Copeland, Lisa B.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Ward, Marsha D. W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pucheu-Haston, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Pucheu-Haston.Cherie@epa.gov RI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/D-8322-2015 OI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/0000-0003-1916-7188 FU UNC/EPA [CR83323701] FX The authors would like to thank Debora Andrews, Elizabeth Boykin, James Lehmann, Judy Richards, Dr. Yong Joo Chung, and Dr. Michael Narotsky of U. S. EPA for technical and intellectual assistance. In addition, we would like to thank Drs. Robert Luebke, MaryJane Selgrade, and Christal Bowman for their critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by UNC/EPA training agreement CR83323701. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.3109/15476910903264268 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 561TJ UT WOS:000275001500010 PM 19845451 ER PT J AU Li, ZW Garantziotis, S Jia, W Potts, EN Lalani, S Liu, Z He, YW Foster, WM Hollingsworth, JW AF Li, Zhuowei Garantziotis, Stavros Jia, Wei Potts, Erin N. Lalani, Sikander Liu, Zhi He, You-Wen Foster, W. Michael Hollingsworth, John W. TI The extracellular matrix protein mindin regulates trafficking of murine eosinophils into the airspace SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrin; environmental airways disease; asthma; IL-13; spondin2 ID RESPIRATORY HEALTH SURVEY; CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DIAGNOSED ASTHMA; EXPRESSION; IL-13; LUNG; PATHOGENESIS AB Asthma remains a major cause of morbidity and hospitalizations in developed nations. Despite the widespread prevalence of this disease, the genetic and environmental factors that mediate development and progression of allergic airways disease remain poorly understood. Pulmonary recruitment of eosinophils is believed to contribute to many cardinal features of allergic airways disease. Therefore, it is paramount to understand host factors that contribute to pulmonary eosinophil recruitment into the lungs. Mindin is a component of pulmonary extracellular matrix, which can regulate inflammatory cell recruitment. We characterized the role of mindin in the severity of allergic airways disease using established murine models. There were no baseline differences in wild-type and mindin-deficient animals in cell counts or airway physiology. Using the OVA murine model of allergic airways disease, we observed that mindin-deficient animals have less-severe allergic airways disease with fewer airspace eosinophils and lower lung-lavage levels of inflammatory Th(2) cytokines such as IL-13 and IL-4. Furthermore, mindin-deficient animals have reduced airway hyper-responsiveness after methacholine challenge. To determine the role of mindin in eosinophil trafficking, independent of antigen immunization or T lymphocyte activation, we instilled IL-13 directly into the lungs of mice. In this model, mindin regulates eosinophil recruitment into the airspace. In vitro experiments demonstrate that mindin can enhance eotaxin-mediated eosinophil adhesion and migration, which are dependent on the expression of integrins alpha(M)beta(2) and alpha(4)beta(1). In conclusion, these data suggest that mindin participates in integrin-dependent trafficking of eosinophils and can contribute to the severity of allergic airways disease. J. Leukoc. Biol. 85: 124-131; 2009. C1 [Li, Zhuowei; Garantziotis, Stavros; Potts, Erin N.; Lalani, Sikander; Foster, W. Michael; Hollingsworth, John W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [He, You-Wen] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Liu, Zhi] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Liu, Zhi] Univ N Carolina, Dept Dermatol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM holli017@mc.duke.edu RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Services [ES11961, ES12496, ES16126]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL91335] FX The authors gratefully receive support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Services ( Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; ES11961, ES12496, ES16126) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ( Bethesda, MD, USA; HL91335). Dr. James Lee at the Mayo Clinic Scottsdale generously provided IL-5 transgenic mice. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1189/jlb.0208135 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 385YG UT WOS:000261848900015 PM 18818374 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Self-assembly of palladium nanoparticles: synthesis of nanobelts, nanoplates and nanotrees using vitamin B-1, and their application in carbon-carbon coupling reactions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; BULK SYNTHESIS; PD; SUPERLATTICES; SURFACE; HECK; NANOSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; NANOTUBES AB An environmentally friendly one-step method to synthesize palladium (Pd) nanobelts, nanoplates and nanotrees using vitamin B-1 without using any special capping agents at room temperature is described. This greener method, which uses water as a benign solvent and vitamin B1 as a reducing agent, can be extended to prepare other noble nanomaterials such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). Depending upon the Pd concentration used for the preparation, Pd crystallized in different shapes and sizes. A lower Pd concentration yielded a plate-like structure where thickness of these plates varied from 100 nm to 250 nm with a length of several microns. An increase in concentration of Pd resulted in the formation of tree-like structures. The Pd plates are grown on a single Pd nanorod backbone mimicking the leaf-like structures. Upon further increase in Pd concentration, Pd nanoplates started becoming thicker by vertically aligning themselves together to form ball-like structures. The synthesized self-assembled Pd nanoparticles were characterized using, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV spectroscopy. The Pd nanoparticles showed excellent catalytic activity for several C-C bond forming reactions such as Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira reactions under microwave (MW) irradiation conditions. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 29 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 14 BP 2026 EP 2031 DI 10.1039/b817112b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 423VQ UT WOS:000264524200013 ER PT J AU Hoag, GE Collins, JB Holcomb, JL Hoag, JR Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Hoag, George E. Collins, John B. Holcomb, Jennifer L. Hoag, Jessica R. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Degradation of bromothymol blue by 'greener' nano-scale zero-valent iron synthesized using tea polyphenols SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TCE DECHLORINATION; ZEROVALENT IRON; H-2 EVOLUTION; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; REMOVAL; BULK AB A green single-step synthesis of iron nanoparticles using tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenols is described that uses no additional surfactants/polymers as capping or reducing agents. The expedient reaction between polyphenols and ferric nitrate occurs within a few minutes at room temperature and is indicated by color changes from pale yellow to dark greenish/black in the formation of iron nanoparticles. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). The obtained nanoparticles were utilized to catalyze hydrogen peroxide for treatment of organic contamination and results were compared with Fe-EDTA and Fe-EDDS. Bromothymol blue, a commonly deployed pH indicator, is used here as a model contaminant for free radical reactions, due to its stability in the presence of H(2)O(2) and its absorbance in the visible range at pH 6. The concentration of bromothymol blue is conveniently monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy during treatment with iron-catalyzed H(2)O(2). Various concentrations of iron are tested to allow for the determination of initial rate constants for the different iron sources. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hoag, George E.; Collins, John B.; Holcomb, Jennifer L.; Hoag, Jessica R.] VeruTEK Technol Inc, Bloomfield, CT 06002 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 19 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 9 U2 109 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 45 BP 8671 EP 8677 DI 10.1039/b909148c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 517VO UT WOS:000271647300019 ER PT J AU Rokhade, AP Kulkarni, PV Mallikarjuna, NN Aminabhavi, TM AF Rokhade, A. P. Kulkarni, P. V. Mallikarjuna, N. N. Aminabhavi, T. M. TI Preparation and characterization of novel semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel microspheres of chitosan and hydroxypropyl cellulose for controlled release of chlorothiazide SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE Hydrogels; cross-linking; interpenetrating polymer networks; drug delivery systems; microspheres; chlorothiazide ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) HYDROGELS; DRUG-DELIVERY; WATER TRANSPORT; MICROPARTICLES; DIFFUSION; GELATIN; SODIUM AB Novel semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel microspheres of chitosan (CS) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were prepared by emulsion-cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker. Chlorothiazide (CT), a diuretic and anti-hypertensive drug with limited water solubility, was successfully encapsulated into IPN microspheres. Various formulations were prepared by varying the ratio of CS and HPC, percentage drug loading and amount of GA. Microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the formation of IPN structure and to confirm the absence of chemical interactions between drug, polymer and cross-linking agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to study the surface morphology of the microspheres. SEM showed that microspheres have smooth surfaces. Particle size, as measured by laser light scattering technique, gave an average size ranging from 199-359 m. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to know the formation of IPN structure. X-ray diffraction (X-RD) studies were performed to understand the crystalline nature of the drug after encapsulation into IPN microspheres. Encapsulation of drug up to 76% was achieved as measured by UV spectroscopy. Both equilibrium and dynamic swelling experiments were performed in 0.1 N HCl. Diffusion coefficients (D) for water transport through the microspheres were estimated using an empirical equation. In vitro release studies indicated the dependence of release rate on the extent of cross-linking, drug loading and the amount of HPC used to produce the microspheres; slow release was extended up to 12 h. The release data were also fitted to an empirical equation to compute the diffusional exponent (n), which indicated that the release followed the non-Fickian trend. C1 [Rokhade, A. P.; Aminabhavi, T. M.] Karnatak Univ, Ctr Excellence Polymer Sci, Drug Delivery Div, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. [Kulkarni, P. V.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Mallikarjuna, N. N.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Aminabhavi, TM (reprint author), Reliance Life Sci Ctr, Navi Mumbai, India. EM aminabhavi@yahoo.com FU University Grants Commission ( UGC), New Delhi, India [F1-41/2001/CPP-II] FX The authors thank University Grants Commission ( UGC), New Delhi, India (F1-41/2001/CPP-II) for financial support to establish Center of Excellence in Polymer Science between 2002-2007. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 EI 1464-5246 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 AR PII 792966358 DI 10.1080/02652040802109770 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 383GQ UT WOS:000261662500004 PM 18608812 ER PT J AU Vallero, DA Kominsky, JR Beard, ME Crankshaw, OS AF Vallero, Daniel A. Kominsky, John R. Beard, Michael E. Crankshaw, Owen S. TI Efficiency of Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos Fibers on Filter Media: Implications for Exposure Assessment SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE asbestos; exposure; filters; microscopy; sampling AB To measure airborne asbestos and other fibers, an air sample must represent the actual number and size of fibers. Typically, mixed cellulose ester (MCE, 0.45 or 0.8 mu m pore size) and, to a much lesser extent, capillary-pore polycarbonate (PC, 0.4 mu m pore size) membrane filters are used to collect airborne asbestos for count measurement and fiber size analysis. In this research study, chrysotile asbestos (fibers both shorter and longer than 5 mu m) were generated in an aerosol chamber and sampled by 25 mm diameter MCE filter media to compare the fiber retention efficiency of 0.45 mu m pore size filters vs. 0.8 mu m pore size filter media. In addition, the effect of plasma etching times on fiber densities was evaluated. This study demonstrated a significant difference in fiber retention efficiency between 0.45 mu m and 0.8 mu m pore size MCE filters for asbestos aerosols (structures longer than or equal to 0.5 mu m length). The fiber retention efficiency of a 0.45 mu m pore size MCE filter is statistically significantly higher than that of the 0.8 mu m pore size MCE filter. However, for asbestos structures longer than 5 mu m, there is no statistically significant difference between the fiber retention efficiencies of the 0.45 mu m and 0.8 mu m pore size MCE filters. The mean density of asbestos fibers (longer than or equal to 0.5 mu m) increased with etching time. Doubling the etching time increased the asbestos filter loading in this study by an average of 13%. The amount of plasma etching time had no effect on the filter loading for fibers longer than 5 mu m. Many asbestos exposure risk models attribute health effects to fibers longer than 5 mu m. In these models, both the 0.45 mu m and 0.8 mu m pore size MCE filter can produce suitable estimates of the airborne asbestos concentrations. However, some models suggest a more significant role for asbestos fibers shorter than 5 mu m. Exposure monitoring for these models should consider only the 0.45 mu m pore size MCE filters as recommended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) protocol and other methods. C1 [Vallero, Daniel A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kominsky, John R.] Environm Qual Management Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Beard, Michael E.; Crankshaw, Owen S.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Vallero, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop 205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vallero.daniel@epa.gov FU Task Order [68-C-00-186]; Environmental Quality Management [0020]; U. S. EPA [68-C-00-186] FX The authors thank the asbestos coordinators in the ten Regional Offices of the U. S. EPA. In particular, Julie Wroble, Mark Maddaloni, and Mary Goldade for their insight and reviews of data and preliminary information that underpin this article. This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-C-00-186, Task Order No. 0020 by Environmental Quality Management, Inc. under the sponsorship of the U. S. EPA. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U. S. EPA under Contract No. 68-C-00-186, Task Order No. 0020 to Environmental Quality Management, Inc. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as a U. S. EPA document. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1080/15459620802577485 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 381BC UT WOS:000261508800007 PM 19037817 ER PT J AU Vesper, S McKinstry, C Bradham, K Ashley, P Cox, D Dewalt, G Lin, KT AF Vesper, Stephen McKinstry, Craig Bradham, Karen Ashley, Peter Cox, David Dewalt, Gary Lin, King-Teh TI Screening Tools to Estimate Mold Burdens in Homes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE MOLDINESS INDEX; PCR ANALYSIS; ERGOSTEROL; CHILDREN; ASTHMA; FUNGI; WATER; DUST AB Objective: The objective of this study was to develop screening tools that could be used to estimate the mold burden. in. a home which would indicate whether more detailed testing might be useful. Methods: Two possible screening methods we're considered for mold analysis: use vacuum cleaner bag dust rather than. the standard protocol dust samples and reducing the number of mold needed to be quantified resulting in the creation, Of an alternative mold burden scale. Results: Vacuum bag dust analysis placed the estimate of mold burden, into the upper or lower half of the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index scale. Mold burdens estimated by only 12 species produced an, index, the American Relative Moldiness Index, with a correlation of rho = 0.80 with the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index. Conclusions: Two screening tools were developed for estimating the mold burden in homes (J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:80-86) C1 [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McKinstry, Craig] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Stat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bradham, Karen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ashley, Peter] Off Healthy Homes & Hazard Control, Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Cox, David; Dewalt, Gary] QuanTech, Arlington, VA USA. [Lin, King-Teh] Mycometr LLC, Monmouth Jct, NJ USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML Kim Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov FU EPA; The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) FX This research was partially Supported by funding from the EPA Asthma Initiative. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development and Housing and Urban Development (HUD). funded and collaborated in the research described here. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818dc41e PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 394NB UT WOS:000262452300011 PM 19136876 ER PT J AU Kupersmith, J Lew, HL Ommaya, AK Jaffee, M Koroshetz, WJ AF Kupersmith, Joel Lew, Henry L. Ommaya, Alex K. Jaffee, Michael Koroshetz, Walter J. TI Traumatic brain injury research opportunities: Results of Department of Veterans Affairs Consensus Conference SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BLAST INJURY; INDUCED NEUROTRAUMA; SEVERITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; PLASTICITY; DAMAGE; RISK; IRAQ C1 [Kupersmith, Joel; Ommaya, Alex K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs VA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lew, Henry L.] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Jaffee, Michael] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. [Jaffee, Michael] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Koroshetz, Walter J.] NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kupersmith, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs VA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM henry.lew@va.gou NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP VII EP XV DI 10.1682/JRRD.2009.06.0079 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 531BQ UT WOS:000272638100001 PM 20104393 ER PT J AU Lin, B AF Lin, Brenda B. TI Coffee (Cafe arabica var. Bourbon) Fruit Growth and Development Under Varying Shade Levels in the Soconusco Region of Chiapas, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE agroforestry systems; climate change; crop production; fruit development; microclimate; shade coffee ID AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; SOIL EVAPORATION; KENYA; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; MOISTURE; FUTURE AB The belief that less shade cover will increase coffee production has encouraged farmers to reduce or eliminate shade trees from coffee agroforestry systems. However, this reduction in shade may alter environmental factors within coffee systems that may adversely affect fruit production in low-input systems. This will be especially detrimental in light of current climate change patterns in Southern Mexico. In this study, coffee fruit growth, fruit drop, and fruit weight were examined under two different levels of shade cover (high = 60% to 80% and medium = 30% to 50%) in low-input coffee farms of Chiapas, Mexico. Coffee berries were counted and measured throughout the 2005 growing season and weighed at harvest. Results showed that solar radiation, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture were correlated with fruit growth, all of which are environmental factors heavily controlled by shade cover. Fruit drop was highly correlated to both wind and soil moisture. Fruit weights were also highly correlated to soil moisture, but not significantly different between sites. Yield extrapolations calculated from site data showed little difference between the two sites, indicating that the high-shade site produced equally well to the medium-shade site. Future management for coffee agriculture should address the use of shade to maintain beneficial environmental factors for coffee production, since more highly shaded coffee systems are able to maintain productive environmental factors and high production rates. C1 [Lin, Brenda B.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lin, B (reprint author), US EPA, Global Change Res Program, N Potomac Yard N-7837,2733 S Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM bbclin@gmail.com RI Lin, Brenda/A-8834-2011 OI Lin, Brenda/0000-0002-6011-9172 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 AR PII 907456741 DI 10.1080/10440040802395007 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 428FW UT WOS:000264834400004 ER PT J AU Fu, JS Streets, DG Jang, CJ Hao, JM He, KB Wang, LT Zhang, Q AF Fu, Joshua S. Streets, David G. Jang, Carey J. Hao, Jiming He, Kebin Wang, Litao Zhang, Qiang TI Modeling Regional/Urban Ozone and Particulate Matter in Beijing, China SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; MESOSCALE MODEL; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; TESTS; LAYER; ASIA AB This paper examines Beijing air quality in the winter and summer of 2001 using an integrated air quality modeling system (Fifth Generation Mesoscale Meteorological Model [MMS]/Community Multiscale Air Quality [CMAQ]) in nested mode. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) emission inventory is used in the 36- (East Asia), 12- (East China), and 4-km (greater Beijing area) domains. Furthermore, we develop a local Beijing emission inventory that is used in the 4-km domain. We also construct a corroborated mapping of chemical species between the TRACE-P inventory and the Carbon Bond IV (CB-IV) chemical mechanism before the integrated modeling system is applied to study ozone (0,) and particulate matter (PM) in Beijing. Meteorological data for the integrated modeling runs are extracted from MM5. Model results show 0, hourly concentrations in the range of. 80-159 parts per billion (ppb) during summer in the urban areas and up to 189 ppb downwind of the city. High fine PM (PM(2.5)) concentrations (monthly average of 75 mu g . m(-3) in summer and 150 mu g . m(-3) in winter) are simulated over the metropolitan and downwind areas with significant secondary constituents. A comparison against available 03 and PM measurement data in Beijing is described. We recommend refinements to the developed local Beijing emission inventory to improve the simulation of Beijing's air quality. The 4-km modeling configuration is also recommended for the development of air pollution control strategies. C1 [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jang, Carey J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hao, Jiming; He, Kebin] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Fu, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jsfu@utk.edu RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU EPA's Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air Pollutants (ICAP) [STAR R830959] FX This work was funded by EPA's Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air Pollutants (ICAP) project and STAR R830959 (GCAP) grants. We thank Rokjin Park for providing GEOS-Chem 2001 data. We also thank anonymous reviewers who spent much time and provided very thoughtful suggestions to make this manuscript more readable. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 30 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 59 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.1.37 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393QS UT WOS:000262388400005 PM 19216186 ER PT J AU Qian, ZM Lin, HM Chinchilli, V Lehman, E Stewart, W Shah, N Duan, YK Craig, T Wilson, W Liao, DP Lazarus, S Bascom, R AF Qian, Zhengmin Lin, Hung-Mo Chinchilli, Vernon M. Lehman, Erik B. Stewart, Walter F. Shah, Nirav Duan, Yinkang Craig, Timothy J. Wilson, William E. Liao, Duanping Lazarus, Stephen C. Bascom, Rebecca TI Associations Between Air Pollution and Peak Expiratory Flow Among Patients with Persistent Asthma SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CLINICAL-TRIALS; MEDICATION USE; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; ADMISSIONS; SEVERITY; DISEASE; ADULTS; OZONE AB Responses of patients with persistent asthma to ambient air pollution may be different from those of general populations. For example, asthma medications may modify the effects of ambient air pollutants on peak expiratory flow (PEF). Few studies examined the association between air pollution and PEF in patients with persistent asthma on well-defined medication regimens using asthma clinical trial data. Airway obstruction effects of ambient air pollutants, using 14,919 person-days of daily self-measured peak expiratory flow (PEF), were assessed from 154 patients with persistent asthma during the 16 wk of active treatment in the Salmeterol Off Corticosteroids Study trial. The three therapies were an inhaled corticosteroid, an inhaled long-acting -agonist, and placebo. The participants were nonsmokers aged 12 through 63 yr, recruited from 6 university-based ambulatory care centers from February 1997 to January 1999. Air pollution data were derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Aerometric Information Retrieval System. An increase of 10 ppb of ambient daily mean concentrations of NO2 was associated with a decrease in PEF of 1.53 L/min (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.93 to -0.14) in models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, asthma clinical center, season, week, daily average temperature, and daily average relative humidity. The strongest association between NO2 and PEF was observed among the patients treated with salmeterol. Negative associations were also found between PEF and SO2 and between PEF and PM10, respectively. The results show that the two medication regimens protected against the effects of PM10. However, salmeterol increased the sensitivity to NO2 and triamcinalone enhanced the sensitivity to SO2. C1 [Qian, Zhengmin; Stewart, Walter F.; Shah, Nirav] Geisinger Hlth Syst, Geisinger Ctr Hlth Res, Danville, PA 17822 USA. [Qian, Zhengmin; Lin, Hung-Mo; Chinchilli, Vernon M.; Lehman, Erik B.; Duan, Yinkang; Liao, Duanping] Penn State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Hershey, PA USA. [Craig, Timothy J.; Bascom, Rebecca] Penn State Univ, Dept Med, Hershey, PA USA. [Wilson, William E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lazarus, Stephen C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Qian, ZM (reprint author), Geisinger Hlth Syst, Geisinger Ctr Hlth Res, 100 N Acad Ave,MC 44-00, Danville, PA 17822 USA. EM zqian1@geisinger.edu FU NHLBI [U10 HL-51810, U10 HL-51834, U10 HL-51831, U10 HL-51823, U10 HL-51845, U10 HL-51843, U10 HL-56443, M01 RR-03186]; ACRN Steering Committee FX This study was supported by grants U10 HL-51810, U10 HL-51834, U10 HL-51831, U10 HL-51823, U10 HL-51845, U10 HL-51843, U10 HL-56443, and M01 RR-03186 from the NHLBI. We acknowledge the assistance and support from ACRN Steering Committee, clinical coordinators and technical personnel, data coordinating center personnel, and protocol review committee. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 AR PII 905014437 DI 10.1080/15287390802445517 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 368FE UT WOS:000260606200004 PM 18979353 ER PT J AU Moser, VC McGee, JK Ehman, KD AF Moser, V. C. McGee, J. K. Ehman, K. D. TI Concentration and Persistence of Tin in Rat Brain and Blood Following Dibutyltin Exposure During Development SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; BUTYLTIN RESIDUES; IN-VITRO; NEUROTOXICITY; SPECIATION; METABOLISM; DICHLORIDE; DILAURATE; PRODUCTS AB Dibutyltin (DBT), a widely used plastic stabilizer, has been detected in the environment as well as human tissues. Although teratological and developmental effects are well documented, there are no published reports of DBT effects on the developing nervous system. As part of a developmental neurotoxicity study of DBT, tissue samples were periodically collected to determine the distribution of total tin (Sn) in brain and whole blood. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 10, or 25 ppm DBT in drinking water from gestational day (GD) 6 to weaning at postnatal day (PND) 21. Beginning on PND 3, half of the litters were directly dosed every 2 to 3 d via oral gavage with 0, 1, or 2.5 mg/kg DBT such that the dose level matched the water concentration (for example, litters with 25 ppm DBT in the water received 2.5 mg/kg). For Sn analysis, brain and blood samples were collected from culled pups on PND2 (males and females pooled), from pups (males and females separately) as well as dams at weaning (PND21), and from adult offspring (males and females) at PND93. Total Sn was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). At all ages, brain Sn levels were higher than blood. At culling, in the directly dosed pups at weaning, and in dams at weaning, Sn levels in both tissues were linearly related to dose. Weanling pups without direct dosing showed lower levels than either culled pups or dams, indicating that lactational exposure was minimal or negligible even while maternal exposure is ongoing. In the adults, Sn levels persisted in brains of directly dosed rats, and the high-dose females had higher levels than did high-dose males. No Sn was detected in adult blood. Thus, during maternal exposure to DBT in drinking water, Sn is placentally transferred to the offspring, but lactational transfer is minimal, if any. Furthermore, Sn is concentrated in brain compared to blood, and its elimination is protracted, on the order of days to months after exposure ends. C1 [Moser, V. C.; Ehman, K. D.] US EPA, NTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McGee, J. K.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ehman, K. D.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, NTD, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA/UNC Toxicology Research Program, Training Agreement [CT827206] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the excellent assistance of P. M. Phillips and K. L. McDaniel in the in-life portion of this study. Dr. K. Ehman was supported by the U.S. EPA/UNC Toxicology Research Program, Training Agreement CT827206. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 AR PII 905011822 DI 10.1080/15287390802445582 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 368FE UT WOS:000260606200005 PM 18979354 ER PT J AU Roy, TA Hammerstrom, K Schaum, J AF Roy, Timothy A. Hammerstrom, Karen Schaum, John TI Percutaneous Absorption of 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) from Soil SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DERMAL ABSORPTION; IN-VITRO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; RHESUS-MONKEY; HUMAN SKIN; BIOAVAILABILITY; INVITRO; RAT; BENZOPYRENE; DISPOSITION AB Six dermal absorption experiments (one in vivo, five in vitro) were conducted using 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) either neat at 141 g/cm2 or sorbed on a low organic (LOS) or high organic (HOS) soil at 6-10 g/cm2. All soil experiments were conducted at 1000 ppm and soil loads of 6-10 mg soil/cm2. After 96 h the percentage of applied dose absorbed (PADA) for TCB sorbed on LOS was 49.7 (rat, in vivo), 31.9 (rat, in vitro), and 7.4 (human, in vitro). The 96-h PADA for TCB sorbed on HOS was 9.6% (rat, in vitro). Generally, rat skin was observed to be four- to ninefold more permeable to TCB than human skin (in vitro). At steady state, the dermal flux of TCB on LOS at 1000 ppm and on HOS at 1000 ppm (both in vitro, rat) was 33 and 10 ng/cm2/h, respectively (ratio = 3.3). C1 [Hammerstrom, Karen; Schaum, John] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Roy, Timothy A.] Univ S Carolina, Beaufort, SC USA. [Roy, Timothy A.] Port Royal Res, Hilton Head Isl, SC USA. RP Schaum, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM schaum.john@epa.gov FU U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development FX The authors express their gratitude for the contributions of Joseph Yang and Andrew Krueger, who did much of the original laboratory work supporting this article. The facility conducting the studies was fully accredited by the AAALAC (Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International). All protocols were reviewed and approved by the IACUC (Internal Animal Care and Use Committee) at the facility prior to the initiation of studies. Support for this research was received from the U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 350 EP 357 AR PII 908404362 DI 10.1080/15287390802529955 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 402KR UT WOS:000263013100008 PM 19184751 ER PT J AU Rice, G Teuschler, L Bull, R Simmons, J Feder, P AF Rice, Glenn E. Teuschler, Linda K. Bull, Richard J. Simmons, Jane E. Feder, Paul I. TI Evaluating the Similarity of Complex Drinking-Water Disinfection By-Product Mixtures: Overview of the Issues SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MUTAGENICITY; TOXICITY AB Humans are exposed daily to complex mixtures of environmental chemical contaminants, which arise as releases from sources such as engineering procedures, degradation processes, and emissions from mobile or stationary sources. When dose-response data are available for the actual environmental mixture to which individuals are exposed (i.e., the mixture of concern), these data provide the best information for dose-response assessment of the mixture. When suitable data on the mixture itself are not available, surrogate data might be used from a sufficiently similar mixture or a group of similar mixtures. Consequently, the determination of whether the mixture of concern is sufficiently similar to a tested mixture or a group of tested mixtures is central to the use of whole mixture methods. This article provides an overview for a series of companion articles whose purpose is to develop a set of biostatistical, chemical, and toxicological criteria and approaches for evaluating the similarity of drinking-water disinfection by-product (DBPs) complex mixtures. Together, the five articles in this series serve as a case study whose techniques will be relevant to assessing similarity for other classes of complex mixtures of environmental chemicals. Schenck et al. (2009) describe the chemistry and mutagenicity of a set of DBP mixtures concentrated from five different drinking-water treatment plants. Bull et al. (2009a, 2009b) describe how the variables that impact the formation of DBP affect the chemical composition and, subsequently, the expected toxicity of the mixture. Feder et al. (2009a, 2009b) evaluate the similarity of DBP mixture concentrates by applying two biostatistical approaches, principal components analysis, and a nonparametric bootstrap analysis. Important factors for determining sufficient similarity of DBP mixtures found in this research include disinfectant used; source water characteristics, including the concentrations of bromide and total organic carbon; concentrations and proportions of individual DBPs with known toxicity data on the same endpoint; magnitude of the unidentified fraction of total organic halides; similar toxicity outcomes for whole mixture testing (e.g., mutagenicity); and summary chemical measures such as total trihalomethanes, total haloacetic acids, total haloacetonitriles, and the levels of bromide incorporation in the DBP classes. C1 [Rice, Glenn E.; Teuschler, Linda K.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Bull, Richard J.] MoBull Consulting Richland, Washington, DC USA. [Simmons, Jane E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Feder, Paul I.] Battelle Stat & Informat Anal, Columbus, OH USA. RP Rice, G (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.glenn@epa.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 429 EP 436 AR PII 909288701 DI 10.1080/15287390802608890 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415JQ UT WOS:000263930500001 PM 19267305 ER PT J AU Bull, R Rice, G Teuschler, L AF Bull, Richard J. Rice, Glenn Teuschler, Linda K. TI Determinants of Whether or Not Mixtures of Disinfection By-Products are Similar SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Review ID DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION; MALE B6C3F1 MICE; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA; LIVER-TUMOR INDUCTION; LONG-EVANS RATS; MUTAGENIC-ACTIVITY; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BLADDER-CANCER; HUMIC-ACID AB Reactive chemicals have been used to disinfect drinking waters for over a century. In the 1970s, it was first observed that the reaction of these chemicals with the natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters results in the production of variable, complex mixtures of disinfection by-products (DBP). Because limited toxicological and epidemiological data are available to assess potential human health risks from complex DBP mixture exposures, methods are needed to determine when health effects data on a specific DBP mixture may be used as a surrogate for evaluating another environmental DBP mixture of interest. Before risk assessors attempt such efforts, a set of criteria needs to be in place to determine whether two or more DBP mixtures are similar in composition and toxicological potential. This study broadly characterizes the chemical and toxicological measures that may be used to evaluate similarities among DBP mixtures. Variables are discussed that affect qualitative and quantitative shifts in the types of DBP that are formed, including disinfectants used, their reactions with NOM and with bromide/iodide, pH, temperature, time, and changes in the water distribution system. The known toxicological activities of DBP mixtures and important single DBPs are also presented in light of their potential for producing similar toxicity. While DBP exposures are associated with a number of health effects, this study focuses on (1) mutagenic activity of DBP mixtures, (2) DBP cancer epidemiology, and (3) toxicology studies to evaluate similarity among DBP mixtures. Data suggest that further chemical characterization of DBP mixtures and more systematic study of DBP toxicology will improve the quality and usefulness of similarity criteria. C1 [Bull, Richard J.] MoBull Consulting, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rice, Glenn; Teuschler, Linda K.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bull, R (reprint author), MoBull Consulting, 1928 Meadows Dr N, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rjbull@earthlink.net FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) FX The authors acknowledge the support that Richard Bull received during this project through a contract with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA). The authors appreciate the many helpful comments and suggestions of Richard C. Hertzberg, PhD (Emory University), Susan D. Richardson, PhD (U. S. EPA /ORD/NERL-Athens), Thomas Speth, PhD, (U. S. EPA/ORD/NRMRL), John Lipscomb, PhD (U. S. EPA/ORD/NCEA), Belinda Hawkins, PhD (U. S. EPA/ ORD/NCEA), and Cristopher Broyles (IntelliTech Systems, Inc.). These comments greatly improved this article. NR 193 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 437 EP 460 AR PII 909289233 DI 10.1080/15287390802608916 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415JQ UT WOS:000263930500002 PM 19267306 ER PT J AU Schenck, K Sivaganesan, M Rice, G AF Schenck, Kathleen M. Sivaganesan, Mano Rice, Glenn E. TI Correlations of Water Quality Parameters with Mutagenicity of Chlorinated Drinking Water Samples SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; HUMIC-ACID; MODEL AB Adverse health effects that may result from chronic exposure to mixtures of disinfection by-products (DBPs) present in drinking waters may be linked to both the types and concentrations of DBPs present. Depending on the characteristics of the source water and treatment processes used, both types and concentrations of DBPs found in drinking waters vary substantially. The composition of a drinking-water mixture also may change during distribution. This study evaluated the relationships between mutagenicity, using the Ames assay, and water quality parameters. The study included information on treatment, mutagenicity data, and water quality data for source waters, finished waters, and distribution samples collected from five full-scale drinking water treatment plants, which used chlorine exclusively for disinfection. Four of the plants used surface water sources and the fifth plant used groundwater. Correlations between mutagenicity and water quality parameters are presented. The highest correlation was observed between mutagenicity and the total organic halide concentrations in the treated samples. C1 [Schenck, Kathleen M.; Sivaganesan, Mano; Rice, Glenn E.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schenck, K (reprint author), US EPA, MS-690,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schenck.kathleen@epa.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 461 EP 467 AR PII 909289079 DI 10.1080/15287390802608940 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415JQ UT WOS:000263930500003 PM 19267307 ER PT J AU Feder, P Ma, Z Bull, R Teuschler, L Schenck, K Simmons, J Rice, G AF Feder, Paul I. Ma, Zhenxu J. Bull, Richard J. Teuschler, Linda K. Schenck, Kathleen M. Simmons, Jane E. Rice, Glenn TI Evaluating Sufficient Similarity for Disinfection By-Product (DBP) Mixtures: Multivariate Statistical Procedures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article AB For evaluation of the adverse health effects associated with exposures to complex chemical mixtures in the environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2000) states, if no data are available on the mixture of concern, but health effects data are available on a similar mixture a decision must be made whether the mixture on which health effects are available is 'sufficiently' similar to the mixture of concern to permit a risk assessment. This article provides a detailed discussion of statistical considerations for evaluation of the similarity of mixtures. Multivariate statistical procedures are suggested to determine whether individual samples of drinking-water disinfection by-products (DBPs) vary significantly from a group of samples that are considered to be similar. The application of principal components analysis to (1) reduce the dimensionality of the vectors of water samples and (2) permit visualization and statistical comparisons in lower dimensional space is suggested. Formal analysis of variance tests of homogeneity are illustrated. These multivariate statistical procedures are applied to a data set describing samples from multiple water treatment plants. Essential data required for carrying out sensitive analyses include (1) identification and measurement of toxicologically sensitive process input and output characteristics, and (2) estimates of variability within the data to construct statistically efficient estimates and tests. C1 [Feder, Paul I.; Ma, Zhenxu J.] Battelle Stat & Informat Anal, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Bull, Richard J.] MoBull Consulting, Richland, WA USA. [Teuschler, Linda K.; Schenck, Kathleen M.; Rice, Glenn] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Simmons, Jane E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Feder, P (reprint author), Battelle Stat & Informat Anal, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM feder@battelle.org NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 468 EP 481 AR PII 909289125 DI 10.1080/15287390802608965 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415JQ UT WOS:000263930500004 PM 19267308 ER PT J AU Bull, R Rice, G Teuschler, L Feder, P AF Bull, Richard J. Rice, Glenn Teuschler, Linda Feder, Paul TI Chemical Measures of Similarity Among Disinfection By-Product Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID WATER AB There are few measures that can be used to distinguish among mixtures of disinfection by-products (DBPs) produced in the chlorination or chloramination of drinking water. Objective measures of similarities among DBP mixtures would greatly simplify judgments about the risk that may be associated with exposure to DBPs in a given water supply. Major by-products of chlorination/chloramination include the trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are routinely measured for compliance to regulations. A key question is whether measurement of similar amounts of these DBPs is indicative of the myriad other DBPs that are known to be produced. This article utilized data from a survey of 35 utilities in the United States that included several additional parameters, including members of the haloacetonitrile, trihaloacetaldehyde, and halopropanone classes. Based upon the distribution of bromine in the THM class, the concentrations of unmeasured brominated and bromochlorinated compounds could be determined. This allowed determination of whether measures of the THM and/or HAA classes reflected the amounts of these less abundant classes. Variations in relative yields among DBP classes were observed with water source type and with whether chlorine or chloramine was used as the disinfectant. However, most of the variability was attributable to geographic location. The relative abundance of brominated by-products also varied among water sources. Recent documentation that potent by-products, such as nitrosamines, are selectively produced in particular water systems and preferentially with chloramination indicates that more measures of individual DBP are needed to evaluate similarity among DBPs mixtures. C1 [Bull, Richard J.] MoBull Consulting, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rice, Glenn; Teuschler, Linda] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Feder, Paul] Battelle Stat & Informat Anal, Columbus, OH USA. RP Bull, R (reprint author), MoBull Consulting, 1928 Meadows Dr N, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rjbull@earthlink.net NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 482 EP 493 AR PII 909288802 DI 10.1080/15287390802608973 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415JQ UT WOS:000263930500005 PM 19267309 ER PT J AU Feder, P Ma, Z Bull, R Teuschler, L Rice, G AF Feder, Paul I. Ma, Zhenxu J. Bull, Richard J. Teuschler, Linda K. Rice, Glenn TI Evaluating Sufficient Similarity for Drinking-Water Disinfection By-Product (DBP) Mixtures with Bootstrap Hypothesis Test Procedures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article AB In chemical mixtures risk assessment, the use of dose-response data developed for one mixture to estimate risk posed by a second mixture depends on whether the two mixtures are sufficiently similar. While evaluations of similarity may be made using qualitative judgments, this article uses nonparametric statistical methods based on the bootstrap resampling technique to address the question of similarity among mixtures of chemical disinfectant by-products (DBP) in drinking water. The bootstrap resampling technique is a general-purpose, computer-intensive approach to statistical inference that substitutes empirical sampling for theoretically based parametric mathematical modeling. Nonparametric, bootstrap-based inference involves fewer assumptions than parametric normal theory based inference. The bootstrap procedure is appropriate, at least in an asymptotic sense, whether or not the parametric, distributional assumptions hold, even approximately. The statistical analysis procedures in this article are initially illustrated with data from 5 water treatment plants (Schenck et al., 2009), and then extended using data developed from a study of 35 drinking-water utilities (U.S. EPA/AMWA, 1989), which permits inclusion of a greater number of water constituents and increased structure in the statistical models. C1 [Feder, Paul I.; Ma, Zhenxu J.] Battelle Stat & Informat Anal, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Bull, Richard J.] MoBull Consulting, Richland, WA USA. [Teuschler, Linda K.; Rice, Glenn] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Feder, P (reprint author), Battelle Stat & Informat Anal, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM feder@battelle.org NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 494 EP 504 AR PII 909288623 DI 10.1080/15287390802608981 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415JQ UT WOS:000263930500006 PM 19267310 ER PT J AU Benignus, VA Boyes, WK Geller, AM Bushnell, PJ AF Benignus, Vernon A. Boyes, William K. Geller, Andrew M. Bushnell, Philip J. TI Long-Term Perchloroethylene Exposure: A Meta-Analysis of Neurobehavioral Deficits in Occupationally and Residentially Exposed Groups SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-DETECTION TASK; COLOR-VISION LOSS; REPEATED INHALATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE TCE; RATS; TOLERANCE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; PERFORMANCE; TOLUENE; LEVEL AB The literature concerning the neurobehavioral and neurophysiological effects of long-term exposure to perchloroethylene (PERC) in humans was meta-analyzed to provide a quantitative review and synthesis in the form of dose-effect curves. The useable database from this literature comprised studies reporting effects of long-term exposure to PERC, effects that included slowed reaction times, cognitive deficits, impaired color vision, and reduced visual contrast sensitivity. For the meta-analyses, dose was defined as the product of the concentration inhaled PERC and the duration of exposure, expressed in unites of ppm-h/1000 (for numerical convenience). Dose-related results were highly variable across studies. Reports involving low exposure concentrations characteristic of nonoccupational exposures consistently produced effects of a magnitude that were comparable to those reported for higher concentration occupational studies. If this finding is reliable and general, studies of occupationally exposed persons may underestimate the magnitude of effects of PERC and other chemicals in the total population. Given the limited scope of the available data for PERC and its methodological and reporting problems (small sample sizes, testers were not blind to the subjects' exposure conditions, and the timing and location of testing were insufficiently documented), it seems important to test this conclusion with a well-documented study of two groups (occupational and nonoccupational exposure) in which subjects are evaluated in randomized order, using the same procedures and with the testers kept blind to the status of the subjects. C1 [Benignus, Vernon A.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boyes, William K.; Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Geller, Andrew M.] US EPA, Res Planning & Coordinat Staff, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benignus, Vernon A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Benignus, VA (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Mail Code B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM benignus.vernon@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Financial project support for the present work from U. S. Environmental Protection Agency internal funds. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 13 BP 824 EP 831 AR PII 912659316 DI 10.1080/15287390902800413 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 462QT UT WOS:000267371400005 PM 19557610 ER PT J AU Awkerman, JA Raimondo, S Barron, MG AF Awkerman, Jill A. Raimondo, Sandy Barron, Mace G. TI Estimation of Wildlife Hazard Levels Using Interspecies Correlation Models and Standard Laboratory Rodent Toxicity Data SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHEMICALS; STRAIN; RATS AB Toxicity data from laboratory rodents are widely available and frequently used in human health assessments as animal model data. This study explores the possibility of using single rodent acute toxicity values to predict chemical toxicity to a diversity of wildlife species and estimate hazard levels from modeled species sensitivity distributions (SSD). Interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models predict toxicity values for untested species using the sensitivity relationship between measured toxicity values of two species. Predicted toxicity values can subsequently populate SSD for application in ecological risk assessments. Laboratory mouse and rat toxicity values were used to estimate toxicity to wildlife and the predicted values then were used to derive SSD hazard dose levels. Toxicity values were predicted within fivefold of measured toxicity values for 78% of ICE models using laboratory rat or mouse toxicity as a surrogate value. Hazard dose levels (HD5) were within fivefold of measured estimates for 72% of SSD developed using laboratory rodent ICE models. Rodents were most often in the least sensitive quartile of species sensitivity distributions, and therefore toxicity values alone may not adequately represent the toxicity to many species of concern without appropriate safety or assessment factors. Laboratory rodent toxicity data offer an additional source of information that can be used to predict hazard levels for wildlife species, and thus offer a starting point for both health and ecological risk assessment. C1 [Awkerman, Jill A.; Raimondo, Sandy; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Awkerman, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM awkerman.jill@epa.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 24 BP 1604 EP 1609 DI 10.1080/15287390903232491 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514ZM UT WOS:000271435700006 PM 20077235 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Johns, DO Sonawane, B Barton, HA Hattis, D Tardif, R Krishnan, K AF Thompson, Chad M. Johns, Douglas O. Sonawane, Babasaheb Barton, Hugh A. Hattis, Dale Tardif, Robert Krishnan, Kannan TI Database for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling: Physiological Data for Healthy and Health-Impaired Elderly SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; HUMAN-LIVER; AGE-CHANGES; REGIONAL-DISTRIBUTION; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; DIABETIC-PATIENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have increasingly been employed in chemical health risk assessments. By incorporating individual variability conferred by genetic polymorphisms, health conditions, and physiological changes during development and aging, PBPK models are ideal for predicting chemical disposition in various subpopulations of interest. In order to improve the parameterization of PBPK models for healthy and health-impaired elderly (herein defined as those aged 65 yr and older), physiological parameter values were obtained from the peer-reviewed literature, evaluated, and entered into a Microsoft ACCESS database. Database records include values for key age-specific model inputs such as ventilation rates, organ volumes and blood flows, glomerular filtration rates, and other clearance-related processes. In total, 528 publications were screened for relevant data, resulting in the inclusion of 155 publications comprising 1051 data records for healthy elderly adults and 115 data records for elderly with conditions such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, heart disease, and renal disease. There are no consistent trends across parameters or their associated variance with age; the gross variance in body weight decreased with advancing age, whereas there was no change in variance for brain weight. The database contains some information to inform ethnic and gender differences in parameters; however, the majority of the published data pertain to Asian (mostly Japanese) and Caucasian males. As expected, the number of records tends to decrease with advancing age. In addition to a general lack of data for parameters in the elderly with various health conditions, there is also a dearth of information on blood and tissue composition in all elderly groups. Importantly, there are relatively few records for alveolar ventilation rate; therefore, the relationship between this parameter and cardiac output (usually assumed to be 1:1) in the elderly is not well informed by the database. Despite these limitations, the database represents a potentially useful resource for parameterizing PBPK models for the elderly to facilitate the prediction of dose metrics in older populations for application in risk assessment. C1 [Thompson, Chad M.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Johns, Douglas O.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Barton, Hugh A.] Pfizer Inc, Pharmacokinet Pharmacodynam Modeling, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, Marsh Inst Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Tardif, Robert; Krishnan, Kannan] Univ Montreal, Grp Rech Interdisciplinaire Sante, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Tardif, Robert; Krishnan, Kannan] Univ Montreal, Dept Sante Environm & Sante Travail, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Thompson, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Thompson.Chad@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [RFQ-DC-03-00328] FX The authors extend their gratitude to Drs. Andrew Geller and Linda Bimbaum of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory for their insightful assistance in the development of this database. This database was developed under a contract (RFQ-DC-03-00328) funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 120 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 AR PII 907306961 DI 10.1080/10937400802545060 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 389ZF UT WOS:000262133400001 PM 19117207 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Smolenski, S Neafsey, P Hattis, D Walker, K Guyton, KZ Johns, DO Sonawane, B AF Ginsberg, Gary Smolenski, Susan Neafsey, Patricia Hattis, Dale Walker, Katy Guyton, Kathryn Z. Johns, Douglas O. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI THE INFLUENCE OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS ON POPULATION VARIABILITY IN SIX XENOBIOTIC-METABOLIZING ENZYMES SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; CHROMATID EXCHANGE INDUCTION; DNA ADDUCT LEVELS; IN-VITRO; CYTOCHROME-P450 2D6; SERUM PARAOXONASE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CANCER-RISK AB This review provides variability statistics for polymorphic enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Six enzymes were evaluated: cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP2E1, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), paraoxonase (PON1), glutathione transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1), and N-acetyltransferases (NAT1 and NAT2). The polymorphisms were characterized with respect to (1) number and type of variants, (2) effects of polymorphisms on enzyme function, and (3) frequency of genotypes within specified human populations. This information was incorporated into Monte Carlo simulations to predict the population distribution and describe interindividual variability in enzyme activity. The results were assessed in terms of (1) role of these enzymes in toxicant activation and clearance, (2) molecular epidemiology evidence of health risk, and (3) comparing enzyme variability to that commonly assumed for pharmacokinetics. Overall, the Monte Carlo simulations indicated a large degree of interindividual variability in enzyme function, in some cases characterized by multimodal distributions. This study illustrates that polymorphic metabolizing systems are potentially important sources of pharmacokinetic variability, but there are a number of other factors including blood flow to liver and compensating pathways for clearance that affect how a specific polymorphism will alter internal dose and toxicity. This is best evaluated with the aid of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The population distribution of enzyme activity presented in this series of articles serves as inputs to such PBPK modeling analyses. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary; Smolenski, Susan] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Neafsey, Patricia] Univ Connecticut, Sch Nursing, Storrs, CT USA. [Hattis, Dale; Walker, Katy] Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Johns, Douglas O.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement [82975901] FX Research supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement, number 82975901. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the State of Connecticut, the University of Connecticut, Clark University, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 136 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 307 EP 333 DI 10.1080/10937400903158318 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514DS UT WOS:000271375100001 PM 20183525 ER PT J AU Neafsey, P Ginsberg, G Hattis, D Sonawane, B AF Neafsey, Patricia Ginsberg, Gary Hattis, Dale Sonawane, Babasaheb TI GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6): POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF CYP2D6 ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DEXTROMETHORPHAN O-DEMETHYLATION; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; LUNG-CANCER RISK; DEBRISOQUINE 4-HYDROXYLASE CYP2D6; POOR METABOLIZER PHENOTYPE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; BLADDER-CANCER; IN-VIVO; JAPANESE POPULATION; OXIDATION POLYMORPHISM AB Cytochrome P-450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is involved in the metabolism of many therapeutic drugs even though the enzyme represents a small proportion of the total CYP content of human liver. In vivo phenotyping with probe drug substrates such as debrisoquine and dextromethorphan showed a clear separation between poor metabolizers (PM) and extensive metabolizers (EM). This polymorphism may affect susceptibility to environmental disease, as suggested by molecular epidemiologic studies that found an association between CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype and cancer risk; however, this association is not consistent. There are only a few examples of CYP2D6 involvement in toxicant mechanism of action, but this has not been extensively studied. Gene probe studies documented a number of genetic polymorphisms that underlie CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotypes. The EM group carries the wild-type (*1) or active (*2) variant alleles, while the PM group carries the *3, *4, *5, or *6 alleles, all of which code for a protein that has lower or null CYP2D6 activity. The current analysis characterizes (a) influence of genotype on phenotype based upon in vivo metabolism studies of probe drugs and (b) frequency of the major genotypes in different population groups is also characterized. These data were then incorporated into Monte Carlo modeling to simulate population distributions of CYP2D6 activity. This analysis reproduced the bimodal distributions commonly seen in phenotyping studies of Caucasians and found extensive population variability in enzyme activity, as indicated by the 9- to 56-fold difference between the PM modal median and the total population median CYP2D6 activity. This substantial degree of interindividual variability in CYP function indicates that assessments involving CYP2D6 substrates need to consider the full distribution of enzyme activity in refining estimates of internal dose in health assessments of xenobiotics. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Neafsey, Patricia] Univ Connecticut, Sch Nursing, Storrs, CT USA. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research [82975901] FX Research supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement number 82975901. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the State of Connecticut, the University of Connecticut, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or Clark University. NR 156 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 334 EP 361 DI 10.1080/10937400903158342 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514DS UT WOS:000271375100002 PM 20183526 ER PT J AU Neafsey, P Ginsberg, G Hattis, D Johns, DO Guyton, KZ Sonawane, B AF Neafsey, Pat Ginsberg, Gary Hattis, Dale Johns, Douglas O. Guyton, Kathryn Z. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN CYP2E1: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF CYP2E1 ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; HEPATIC-MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME-P-450; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE DEMETHYLASE; CHRONIC ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; HUMAN-LIVER-MICROSOMES; 7-ETHOXYCOUMARIN O-DEETHYLATION; IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA AB Cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a key enzyme in the metabolic activation of a variety of toxicants including nitrosamines, benzene, vinyl chloride, and halogenated solvents such as trichloroethylene. CYP2E1 is also one of the enzymes that metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, and is induced by recent ethanol ingestion. There is evidence that interindividual variability in the expression and functional activity of this cytochrome (CYP) may be considerable. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2E1 were identified and linked to altered susceptibility to hepatic cirrhosis induced by ethanol and esophageal and other cancers in some epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how such polymorphisms affect CYP2E1 function and whether it is possible to construct a population distribution of CYP2E1 activity based upon the known effects of these polymorphisms and their frequency in the population. This analysis is part of the genetic polymorphism database project described in the lead article in this series and followed the approach described in that article (Ginsberg et al., 2009, this issue). Review of the literature found that there are a variety of CYP2E1 variant alleles but the functional significance of these variants is still unclear. Some, but not all, studies suggest that several upstream 5' flanking mutations affect gene expression and response to inducers such as ethanol or obesity. None of the coding-region variants consistently affects enzyme function. Part of the reason for conflicting evidence regarding genotype effect on phenotype may be due to the wide variety of exposures such as ethanol or dietary factors and physiological factors including body weight or diabetes that modulate CYP2E1 expression. In conclusion, evidence is too limited to support the development of a population distribution of CYP2E1 enzyme activity based upon genotypes. Health risk assessments may best rely upon data reporting interindividual variability in CYP2E1 function for input into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models involving CYP2E1 substrates. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Neafsey, Pat] Univ Connecticut, Sch Nursing, Storrs, CT USA. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Johns, Douglas O.; Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement [82975901] FX Research supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement, number 82975901. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the University of Connecticut, the State of Connecticut, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or Clark University. NR 189 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 362 EP 388 DI 10.1080/10937400903158359 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514DS UT WOS:000271375100003 PM 20183527 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Smolenski, S Hattis, D Guyton, KZ Johns, DO Sonawane, B AF Ginsberg, Gary Smolenski, Susan Hattis, Dale Guyton, Kathryn Z. Johns, Douglas O. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASES (GST): POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF GSTM1, T1, AND P1 CONJUGATING ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LUNG-CANCER RISK; DNA ADDUCT LEVELS; CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; XENOBIOTIC-METABOLIZING ENZYMES; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; REGION DIOL EPOXIDES; S-TRANSFERASE AB Glutathione transferases (GST) catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles, many of which may otherwise interact with protein or DNA. In select cases such as halogenated solvents, GST-mediated conjugation may lead to a more toxic or mutagenic metabolite. Polymorphisms that exert substantial effects on GST function were noted in human populations for several isozymes. This analysis focuses on three well-characterized isozymes, GSTM1, T1, and P1, in which polymorphisms were extensively studied with respect to DNA adducts and cancer in molecular epidemiologic studies. The current review and analysis focused upon how polymorphisms in these GST contributed to population variability in GST function. The first step in developing this review was to characterize the influence of genotype on phenotype (enzyme function) and the frequency of the polymorphisms across major population groups for all three GST. This information was then incorporated into Monte Carlo simulations to develop population distributions of enzyme function. These simulations were run separately for GSTM1, T1, and P1, and also for the combination of these isozymes, to assess the possibility of overlapping substrate specificity. Monte Carlo simulations indicated large interindividual variability for GSTM1 and T1 due to the presence of the null ( zero activity) genotype, which is common in all populations studied. Even for GSTM1 or T1 non-null individuals, there was considerable interindividual variability with a bimodal distribution of enzyme activity evident. GSTP1 polymorphisms are associated with somewhat less variability due to the absence of null genotypes. However, in all cases simulated, the estimated variability is sufficiently large to warrant consideration of GST function distributions in assessments involving GST-mediated activation or detoxification of xenobiotics. Ideally, such assessments would involve physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling to assess population variability in internal dose. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary; Smolenski, Susan] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Johns, Douglas O.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement [82975901] FX Research supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement, number 82975901. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the State of Connecticut, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or Clark University. NR 201 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 389 EP 439 DI 10.1080/10937400903158375 PG 51 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514DS UT WOS:000271375100004 PM 20183528 ER PT J AU Walker, K Ginsberg, G Hattis, D Johns, DO Guyton, KZ Sonawane, B AF Walker, Katy Ginsberg, Gary Hattis, Dale Johns, Douglas O. Guyton, Kathryn Z. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (NAT): POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF NAT1 AND NAT2 ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BLADDER-CANCER-RISK; SLOW ACETYLATOR GENOTYPE; HUMAN INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; URINARY-BLADDER; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE-2 NAT2; COLORECTAL-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER AB N-Acetyltransferases (NAT) are key enzymes in the conjugation of certain drugs and other xenobiotics with an arylamine structure. Polymorphisms in NAT2 have long been recognized to modulate toxicity produced by the anti-tubercular drug isoniazid, with molecular epidemiologic studies suggesting a link between acetylator phenotype and increased risk for bladder cancer. Recent evidence indicates that the other major NAT isozyme, NAT1, is also polymorphic. The current analysis characterizes the main polymorphisms in both NAT2 and NAT1 in terms of their effect on enzyme activity and frequency in the population. Multiple NAT2 alleles (NAT2*5, *6, *7, and *14) have substantially decreased acetylation activity and are common in Caucasians and populations of African descent. In these groups, most individuals carry at least one copy of a slow acetylator allele, and less than 10% are homozygous for the wild type (fast acetylator) trait. Incorporation of these data into a Monte Carlo modeling framework led to a population distribution of NAT2 activity that was bimodal and associated with considerable variability in each population assessed. The ratio of the median to the first percentile of NAT2 activity ranged from 7 in Caucasians to 18 in the Chinese population. This variability indicates the need for more quantitative approaches (e.g., physiologically based pharmacokinetic [PBPK] modeling) to assess the full distribution of internal dose and adverse responses to aromatic amines and other NAT2 substrates. Polymorphisms in NAT1 are generally associated with relatively minor effects on acetylation function, with Monte Carlo analysis indicating less interindividual variability than seen in NAT2 analysis. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Walker, Katy; Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Johns, Douglas O.; Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement [82975901] FX Research supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement, number 82975901. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the State of Connecticut, Clark University, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 134 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 440 EP 472 DI 10.1080/10937400903158383 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514DS UT WOS:000271375100005 PM 20183529 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Neafsey, P Hattis, D Guyton, KZ Johns, DO Sonawane, B AF Ginsberg, Gary Neafsey, Patricia Hattis, Dale Guyton, Kathryn Z. Johns, Douglas O. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN PARAOXONASE 1 (PON1): POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF PON1 ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; HUMAN-SERUM PARAOXONASE; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; ARYLESTERASE ACTIVITY; MESSENGER-RNA AB Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a serum esterase that hydrolyzes the activated oxon form of several organophosphates. The central role of PON1 in detoxification of organophosphate (OP) pesticides was demonstrated in knockout mouse studies, suggesting that human variability in PON1 needs to be considered in health risk assessments involving exposure to these pesticides. The current analysis focused on two genetic loci in which polymorphisms demonstrated to affect PON1 activity. Detailed kinetic studies and population studies found that the *192Q (wild type) allele is more active toward some substrates (such as sarin, soman, and diazoxon) and less active toward others (such as paraoxon or chlorpyrifos) relative to the variant *192R allele. Another allele that affects activity is *55M; PON1 enzyme quantity, rather than specific activity or substrate preference, is altered. The *192R variant occurs commonly with a frequency of 25-64% across the populations analyzed. The *55M allele is less common, occurring in 5-40% of individuals depending upon the ethnic group studied. These activity and allele frequency data were incorporated into Monte Carlo simulations in which the frequency of both variant alleles was simultaneously modeled in Caucasian, African American, and Japanese populations. The resulting Monte Carlo activity distributions were bimodal for the substrate paraoxon with approximately fourfold differences between low- and high-activity modal medians. Differences in activity between total population median and 1st percentile were five- to sixfold. When sarin metabolic variability was simulated, the population distributions were unimodal. However, there was an even greater degree of interindividual variability ( median to 1st percentile difference >20-fold). These results show that the combined effects of two PON1 allelic variants yielded a population distribution that is associated with a considerable degree of interindividual variability in enzyme activity. This indicates that assessments involving PON1 substrates need to evaluate polymorphism-related variability in enzyme activity to display the distribution of internal doses and adverse responses. This may best be achieved via physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that input PON1 activity distributions, such as those generated in this analysis, to simulate the range of oxon internal doses possible across the population. C1 [Ginsberg, Gary] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Neafsey, Patricia] Univ Connecticut, Sch Nursing, Storrs, CT USA. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Johns, Douglas O.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement [82975901] FX Research supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/State of Connecticut Cooperative Research Agreement, number 82975901. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the State of Connecticut, the University of Connecticut, Clark University, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 169 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 EI 1521-6950 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 473 EP 507 DI 10.1080/10937400903158409 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514DS UT WOS:000271375100006 PM 20183530 ER PT J AU Signor, RS Ashbolt, NJ AF Signor, R. S. Ashbolt, N. J. TI Comparing probabilistic microbial risk assessments for drinking water against daily rather than annualised infection probability targets SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE drinking water; quantitative microbial risk assessment; risk benchmark; risk management ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AB Some national drinking water guidelines provide guidance on how to define 'safe' drinking water. Regarding microbial water quality, a common position is that the chance of an individual becoming infected by some reference waterborne pathogen (e.g. Cryptsporidium) present in the drinking water should <10(-4) in any year. However the instantaneous levels of risk to a water consumer vary over the course of a year, and waterborne disease outbreaks have been associated with shorter-duration periods of heightened risk. Performing probabilistic microbial risk assessments is becoming commonplace to capture the impacts of temporal variability on overall infection risk levels. A case is presented here for adoption of a shorter-duration reference period (i.e. daily) infection probability target over which to assess, report and benchmark such risks. A daily infection probability benchmark may provide added incentive and guidance for exercising control over short-term adverse risk fluctuation events and their causes. Management planning could involve outlining measures so that the daily target is met under a variety of pre-identified event scenarios. Other benefits of a daily target could include providing a platform for managers to design and assess management initiatives, as well as simplifying the technical components of the risk assessment process. C1 [Signor, R. S.] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Water & Waste Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Signor, RS (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Water & Waste Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM rsignor.pubs@gmail.com FU Australian Research Council; University of New South Wales' Centre for Water & Waste Technology FX The primary author was supported through an Australian Research Council doctoral scholarship and the University of New South Wales' Centre for Water & Waste Technology. The work presented here has been subjected to a United States Environmental Protection Agency review and approved for publication. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2009 VL 7 IS 4 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.2166/wh.2009.101 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 535JA UT WOS:000272963200001 PM 19590121 ER PT J AU Stelma, GN AF Stelma, Gerard N., Jr. TI Use of virulence traits to characterize waterborne pathogens: Introduction SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stelma, GN (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2009 VL 7 BP S1 EP S1 DI 10.2166/wh.2009.001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 492BL UT WOS:000269629000001 PM 19717927 ER PT J AU Bolgrien, DW Scharold, JV Angradi, TR Corry, TD Schwieger, EW Kelly, JR AF Bolgrien, David W. Scharold, Jill V. Angradi, Ted R. Corry, Tim D. Schwieger, E. William Kelly, John R. TI Trophic status of three large Missouri River reservoirs SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cold water habitat; EMAP; Missouri River; reservoir; trophic status ID NUTRIENT LIMITATION; LAKE AB Probability-based surveys conducted between 2001-2004 characterized the three large reservoirs of the Missouri River-Lake Oahe, Lake Sakakawea, and Fort Peck Lake-as mesotrophic to eutrophic, phosphorus (P) limited, and generally supporting cold water habitat (bottom waters <15 degrees C and dissolved oxygen [ DO] concentrations >5 mg/L) in midsummer. Riverine zones were shallower, warmer, more eutrophic, and had lower DO and higher suspended matter concentrations than lacustrine zones. Similar, although more variable, differences were found between bays and open-water areas. Between sampling years, water levels decreased in each reservoir. In the first year of sampling, area-weighted mean reservoir trophic status index based on chlorophyll (TSI(chl)) was about 37 in all three reservoirs. Sixty percent of Oahe and Sakakawea and 40% of Fort Peck had TSI(chl) >50. Trophic status index based on Secchi depth (TSI(SD)) averaged about 50 in each reservoir across years. Because mean TSI(chl) 90% by abundance) from 2003 to 2004 were used to estimate catch efficiency, defined as the ratio of the observed catch to the number of fish encountered by the trawl, which we estimated by deploying a scientific echosounder directly in front of the trawl net. The catch efficiency estimates ranged from 0.18 to 1.26 for Atlantic croakers (n - 29 tows) and from 0.11 to 0.60 for white perch (n = 7 tows). For Atlantic croakers, Spearman's rank correlation between the total and predicted catch was 0.53. A post hoc analysis of the Atlantic croaker efficiency estimates based on general linear modeling suggests that trawl efficiency is a function of fish behavior, gear geometry, and habitat. Efficiency declined with increasing fish density and increasing trawl width; to lesser extent, an increasing proportion of fines in the sea bed and decreasing depth were also associated with declines in efficiency. We conclude that because catch efficiency is variable, the trawl should be integrated with hydroacoustics to obtain improved population data. C1 [Hoffman, Joel C.; Bonzek, Chris F.; Latour, Robert J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hoffman.joel@epa.gov FU Virginia Environmental Endowment; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Chesapeake Bay Office FX We thank Captain L. Durand Ward and the crew of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science R/V Bay Eagle for field assistance. James Gartland and Eric Brasseur also provided field assistance, Andrij Horodysky provided artistic assistance, and two anonymous reviewers offered helpful comments. Funding for this research was provided by the Virginia Environmental Endowment and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Chesapeake Bay Office. This is the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Contribution Number 3022. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.1577/C08-048.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800020 ER PT J AU Darling, JA Kuenzi, A Reitzel, AM AF Darling, John A. Kuenzi, Ashley Reitzel, Adam M. TI Human-mediated transport determines the non-native distribution of the anemone Nematostella vectensis, a dispersal-limited estuarine invertebrate SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nematostella vectensis; Invasive species; Clonality; Asexual reproduction; Dispersal; Microsatellites; Estuarine ID CORAL POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; GENERAL-PURPOSE GENOTYPE; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SEA-ANEMONE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MARINE COMMUNITIES; NORTH-AMERICA; STEPHENSON AB Sessile invertebrates are common invaders of estuarine ecosystems. To expand their non-native ranges, these invasive taxa Must contend with the geographically and ecologically discontinuous nature of estuarine habitats, in many cases without the benefit of highly dispersive larval phases. In addition, their population dynamics may reflect contributions from both sexual and asexual reproduction. Here we use genetic methods to explore the Population structure of Nematostella vectensis, a dispersal-limited salt marsh anemone, along the Pacific coast of North America. Analysis of 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci reveals that asexual reproduction is critical to both maintenance of local population density and regional population expansion. While high levels of genetic differentiabon among populations (F-ST > 0.3) reflect general restrictions to natural dispersal, the observation of 2 clones distributed across multiple, widely separated sampling sites indicates that long distance dispersal of adult anemones is a major contributor to the spread of N. vectensis. We argue that anthropogenic transport represents the most likely mechanism driving this spread, although rafting may offer an alternative explanation for the observed distribution. C1 [Darling, John A.; Kuenzi, Ashley] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45208 USA. [Reitzel, Adam M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Darling, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45208 USA. EM darling.john@epa.gov NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 380 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.3354/meps07924 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 443JW UT WOS:000265907000012 ER PT J AU Benyi, SJ Hollister, JW Kiddon, JA Walker, HA AF Benyi, Sandra J. Hollister, Jeffrey W. Kiddon, John A. Walker, Henry A. TI A process for comparing and interpreting differences in two benthic indices in New York Harbor SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Benthic index; Sediment contamination; EMAP; REMAP; Conditional probability; ROC curves; Benthic community ID CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY ANALYSIS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ESTUARINE AB Often when various estuarine benthic indices disagree in their assessments of benthic condition, they are reflecting different aspects of benthic condition. We describe a process to screen indices for associations and, after identifying candidate metrics, evaluate metrics individually against the indices. We utilize radar plots as a multi-metric visualization tool, and conditional probability plots and receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate associations seen in the plots, We investigated differences in two indices, the US EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program's benthic index for the Virginian Province and the New York Harbor benthic index of biotic integrity using data collected in New York Harbor and evaluated overall agreement of the indices and associations between each index and measures of habitat and sediment contamination. The indices agreed in approximately 78% of the cases. The New York Harbor benthic index of biotic integrity showed stronger associations with sediment metal contamination and grain size. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Benyi, Sandra J.; Hollister, Jeffrey W.; Kiddon, John A.; Walker, Henry A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Benyi, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM benyi.sandra@epa.gov OI Hollister, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9254-9740 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency [AED-08-023] FX We would like to thank Walter Galloway, James Heltshe, and Charles Strobel for their thoughtful reviews. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number AED-08-023 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.11.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 420PG UT WOS:000264301100008 PM 19110286 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Chen, RF Cantwell, M Gontz, A Zhu, J Olsen, CR AF Wilson, Brittan Chen, Robert F. Cantwell, Mark Gontz, Allen Zhu, Jun Olsen, Curtis R. TI The partitioning of Triclosan between aqueous and particulate bound phases in the Hudson River Estuary SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Environmental Records of Anthropogenic Impacts On Coastal Ecosystems held at the Ocean Sciences 2008 Meeting CY MAR 02-07, 2008 CL Orlando, FL DE Triclosan; Sediment; Sewage effluent; Mass balance; Photodegradation; Pharmaceutical ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WIDELY USED BIOCIDE; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; WASTE-WATER; SURFACE WATERS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; BEHAVIOR; HORMONES; RATES AB The distribution of Triclosan within the Hudson River Estuary can be explained by a balance among the overall effluent inputs from municipal sewage treatment facilities, dilution of Triclosan concentrations in the water column with freshwater and seawater inputs, removal of Triclosan from the water column by adsorption to particles, and loss to photodegradation. This study shows that an average water column concentration of 3 +/- 2 ng/l (in the lower Hudson River Estuary) is consistent with an estimate for dilution of average wastewater concentrations with seawater and calculated rates of adsorption of Triclosan to particles. An average Triclosan sediment concentration of 26 +/- 11 ng/g would be in equilibrium with the overlying water column if Triclosan has a particle-to-water partitioning coefficient of k(d) similar to 10(4), consistent with laboratory estimates. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, Brittan; Chen, Robert F.; Gontz, Allen; Zhu, Jun; Olsen, Curtis R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Cantwell, Mark] US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), 133 St,Botolph St 3, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM bawilson13@gmail.com NR 29 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 4-7 SI SI BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.026 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 477XX UT WOS:000268553400014 PM 19559448 ER PT J AU Sabean, JAR Scott, DB Lee, K Venosa, AD AF Sabean, J. A. R. Scott, D. B. Lee, K. Venosa, A. D. TI Monitoring oil spill bioremediation using marsh foraminifera as indicators SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Remediation; Oil spill; Foraminifera; Deformities; Monitoring; Miliammina fusca ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; POLLUTION AB A controlled experiment was conducted in June 2000 to identify the environmental impacts of weathered crude oil on an Atlantic coastal salt marsh to help evaluate in situ biological remediation techniques for restoring the environment. Foraminifera, marsh microfossils known to be sensitive to a range of environmental stress factors, were used to monitor the effects of the residual oil and the experimental treatments. Results show that the foraminifera responded quickly to the oil and that the oil had a statistically significant, negative impact, as demonstrated by a dramatic increase in deformities in the tests of Miliammina fusca, compared to specimens from the non-oiled control plots. The results clearly show that foraminifera can be excellent indicators of oil pollution using only the percent of deformed tests. The advantages that foraminifera provide are the ease of sampling, processing and examination, with the added benefit that these organisms leave a fossil record. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Scott, D. B.] Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Sabean, J. A. R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Sabean, J. A. R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Lee, K.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Venosa, A. D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Scott, DB (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM dbscott@dal.ca FU Fisheries and Oceans, Canada; Panel of Energy and Research and Development (PERD) of Canada; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This project was funded by Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, the Panel of Energy and Research and Development (PERD) of Canada, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Thanks goes out to the research team at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, as well as the assistance of those from Dalhousie University, who helped out in the field and in the lab. Further collecting and laboratory work at Dalhousie University was carried out by C. Younger and J. Frail. We also wish to thank the reviewers who provided many helpful scientific and editorial suggestions. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 8-12 SI SI BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 524BZ UT WOS:000272120100012 PM 19717173 ER PT J AU Morgan, OA Massey, DM Huth, WL AF Morgan, O. Ashton Massey, D. Matthew Huth, William L. TI Diving Demand for Large Ship Artificial Reefs SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Artificial reefs; diving; recreation demand; combined revealed and stated preferences; non-market valuation ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; BEHAVIOR; VALIDITY; QUALITY; MODEL AB Using data drawn front a web-based travel cost survey, we jointly model revealed and stated preference trip count data in an attempt to estimate the recreational use value from diving the intentionally stink USS Oriskany. Respondents were asked to report their: (i) actual trips from the previous year, (ii) anticipated trips in the next year, and (iii) anticipated trips next year assuming a second diveable vessel (a Spruance class destroyer) is sunk in the same vicinity. Results from several different model specifications indicate average per-person, per-trip use values range from $480 to $750. The "bundling" of a second vessel in the area of the Oriskany to create a multiple-ship artificial reef area adds between $220 and $1,160 per diver per year in value. C1 [Morgan, O. Ashton] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Massey, D. Matthew] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Huth, William L.] Univ W Florida, Dept Mkt & Econ, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Morgan, OA (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM morganoa@appstate.edu; massey.matt@epa.gov; whuth@uwf.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 7 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 43 EP 59 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 431RZ UT WOS:000265082400003 ER PT B AU Ching, J Hanna, A Chen, F Burian, S Hultgren, T AF Ching, Jason Hanna, Adel Chen, Fei Burian, Steven Hultgren, Torrin BE Baklanov, A Grimmond, CSB Alexander, M Athanassiadou, M TI Facilitating Advanced Urban Meteorology and Air Quality Modelling Capabilities with High Resolution Urban Database and Access Portal Tools SO METEOROLOGICAL AND AIR QUALITY MODELS FOR URBAN AREAS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Information on urban morphological features at high resolution is needed to properly model and characterize the meteorological and air quality fields in urban areas. Here a project called National Urban Database with Access Portal Tool (NUDAPT) that addresses this need is described. NUDAPT is designed to produce gridded fields of urban canopy parameters to improve urban meteorological simulations. It makes use of the availability of high-resolution urban buildings and land use data. An important core-design feature is the utilization of Portal technology to enable NUDAPT to be a "Community" based system. Sensitivity studies showing air quality simulations driven with outputs from urban meteorology preprocessors using advanced urban descriptions are described. C1 [Ching, Jason] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, NERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Burian, Steven] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hanna, Adel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hultgren, Torrin] US EPA, Natl Comp Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ching, J (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, NERL, ORD, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Ching.Jason@epamail.epa.gov; ahanna@unc.edu; feichen@ucar.edu; burian@eng.utah.edu; hultgren.torrin@epa.gov RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; OI Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-00297-7 PY 2009 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00298-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-00298-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKW56 UT WOS:000269474600001 ER PT B AU Baklanov, A Ching, J Grimmond, CSB Martilli, A AF Baklanov, Alexander Ching, Jason Grimmond, C. S. B. Martilli, Alberto BE Baklanov, A Grimmond, CSB Alexander, M Athanassiadou, M TI Model Urbanization Strategy: Summaries, Recommendations and Requirements SO METEOROLOGICAL AND AIR QUALITY MODELS FOR URBAN AREAS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID URBAN CANOPY MODEL; HEAT-ISLAND; MESOSCALE MODEL; SIMULATION; POLLUTION; IMPACT C1 [Baklanov, Alexander] Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ching, Jason] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Grimmond, C. S. B.] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Martilli, Alberto] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Baklanov, A (reprint author), Danish Meteorol Inst, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM alb@dmi.dk; Ching.Jason@epamail.epa.gov; Sue.Grimmond@kcl.ac.uk; alberto.martilli@ciemat.es; alb@dmi.dk; Sue.Grimmond@kcl.ac.uk OI Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-00297-7 PY 2009 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00298-4_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-00298-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKW56 UT WOS:000269474600015 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Strupp, BJ AF Bushnell, Philip J. Strupp, Barbara J. BE Buccafusco, JJ TI Assessing Attention in Rodents SO METHODS OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN NEUROSCIENCE, SECOND EDITION SE Frontiers in Neuroscience LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRENATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE; REACTION-TIME-TASK; SIGNAL-DETECTION TASK; CORTICAL CHOLINERGIC INPUTS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXTRADIMENSIONAL SHIFT TASKS; IMPAIRED SUSTAINED ATTENTION; AMYGDALA CENTRAL NUCLEUS; EARLY LEAD-EXPOSURE; BASAL FOREBRAIN C1 [Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Strupp, Barbara J.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Strupp, Barbara J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Psychol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 102 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA J9 FRONT NEUROSCI JI Front. Neurosci. PY 2009 SI 2nd BP 119 EP 143 PG 25 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BKW98 UT WOS:000269503500007 ER PT S AU Chan, SSL Copeland, WC AF Chan, Sherine S. L. Copeland, William C. BE Stuart, JA TI Functional Analysis of Mutant Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Proteins Involved in Human Disease SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE DNA polymerase gamma; mitochondrial DNA polymerase; DNA replication; DNA repair; mitochondrial disease; enzyme assays; POLG; POLG2 ID PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; ACCESSORY SUBUNIT; GAMMA; MUTATION; IDENTIFICATION; TOXICITY; DEFECTS AB DNA polymerase gamma (pol gamma) is the only DNA polymerase within the mitochondrion and is thus essential for replication and repair of mtDNA. POLG, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of pol gamma, is a major locus for a wide spectrum of mitochondrial diseases with more than 100 known disease mutations. Thus, we need to understand how and why pol gamma defects lead to disease. By using an extensive array of methods, we are developing a clearer understanding of how defects in pol gamma contribute to disease. Furthermore, crucial knowledge concerning the role of pol gamma in mtDNA replication and repair can be acquired. Here we present the protocols to characterize mutant DNA pol gamma proteins, namely, assays for processivc DNA synthesis, exonuclease activity, DNA binding, subunit interaction, and protein stability. C1 [Chan, Sherine S. L.; Copeland, William C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Mitochondrial DNA Replicat Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chan, SSL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Mitochondrial DNA Replicat Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-14]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1K99-ES015555-01, R00 ES015555, K99 ES015555-01, K99 ES015555] NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-934115-60-2 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2009 VL 554 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-521-3_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-521-3 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BKY51 UT WOS:000269615700004 PM 19513667 ER PT S AU Longley, MJ Smith, LA Copeland, WC AF Longley, Matthew J. Smith, Leslie A. Copeland, William C. BE Stuart, JA TI Preparation of Human Mitochondrial Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mitochondria; single-stranded DNA-binding protein; DNA replication; EMSA; tetramer; mtDNA; protein purification ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI-SSB; POLYMERASE-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; REPLICATION; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX AB Defects in mtDNA replication arc the principle cause of severe, heritable metabolic disorders classified as mitochondrial diseases. In vitro analysis of the biochemical mechanisms of mtDNA replication has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding the origins of mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB) is an essential component of the mtDNA replication machinery. To facilitate ongoing biochemical studies, a recombinant source of mtSSB is needed to avoid the time and expense of human tissue culture. This chapter focuses oil the subcloning, purification, and initial functional validation of the recombinant human mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein. The cDNA encoding the mature form of the human mtSSB protein was amplified from a HeLa cDNA library, and recombinant human mtSSB was overproduced in Escherichia coli. A procedure was developed to rapidly purify milligram quantities of homogenous, nuclease-free mtSSB that avoids DNA-cellulose chromatography. We show that, similar to E. coli SSB, human mtSSB assembles into a tetramer and binds single-stranded oligonucleotides in a 4-to-1 protein:oligonucleotide molar ratio. C1 [Longley, Matthew J.; Smith, Leslie A.; Copeland, William C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mitochondrial DNA Replicat Grp, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Longley, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mitochondrial DNA Replicat Grp, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-15] NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-934115-60-2 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2009 VL 554 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-521-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-521-3 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BKY51 UT WOS:000269615700005 PM 19513668 ER PT B AU Watrud, LS Bollman, M Storm, M King, G Reichman, JR Burdick, C Lee, EH AF Watrud, Lidia S. Bollman, Mike Storm, Marjorie King, George Reichman, Jay R. Burdick, Connie Lee, E. Henry BE Yamada, T Spangenberg, G TI Evaluating the Role of Habitat Quality on Establishment of GM Agrostis stolonifera Plants in Non-agronomic Settings SO MOLECULAR BREEDING OF FORAGE AND TURF LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf CY 2007 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP Natl Agr Res Ctr Hokkaido Reg, Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci ID CREEPING BENTGRASS AB We compared soil chemistry and plant community data at non-agronomic mesic locations that either did or did not contain genetically modified (GM) Agrostis stolonifera. The best two-variable logistic regression model included soil Mn content and A. stolonifera cover and explained 90% of the variance in the probability of a site having GM A. stolonifera. Inclusion of NH4 as a third predictor variable increased the variance explained by the logistic model to 100%. Soils at GM locations were characterized by significantly lower (P<0.05) Mn, A. stolonifera cover, and NH4. Pairwise comparisons indicated that sites in which the GM plants became established had a significantly higher of bare ground and significantly lower A. stolonifera cover, Mn, organic matter, and carbon (P < 0.05). The pH of soil at GM plant locations varied from 5.9 to 9.5. Our results suggest potential roles of soil disturbance and nutrient status in the establishment of Agrostis in mesic habitats. Additional research is needed to evaluate the ecological consequences of gene flow of GM Agrostis to non-agronomic plant communities. C1 [Watrud, Lidia S.; Bollman, Mike; Reichman, Jay R.; Burdick, Connie; Lee, E. Henry] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Storm, Marjorie; King, George] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Watrud, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM watrud.lidia@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This research has been wholly funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This document has been formally released by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Its content does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-79143-2 PY 2009 BP 341 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-79144-9_31 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BIO07 UT WOS:000261301000031 ER PT S AU Adlakha-Hutcheon, G Khaydarov, R Korenstein, R Varma, R Vaseashta, A Stamm, H Abdel-Mottaleb, M AF Adlakha-Hutcheon, G. Khaydarov, R. Korenstein, R. Varma, R. Vaseashta, A. Stamm, H. Abdel-Mottaleb, M. BE Linkov, I Steevens, J TI NANOMATERIALS, NANOTECHNOLOGY Applications, Consumer Products, and Benefits SO NANOMATERIALS: RISKS AND BENEFITS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanomaterials - Environmental Risk and Benefits CY APR 27-30, 2008 CL Faro, PORTUGAL SP NATO ID GOLD; ELECTROCATALYSTS; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS; GREEN AB Nanotechnology is a platform technology that is finding more and more applications daily. Today over 600 consumer products are available globally that utilize nanomaterials. This chapter explores the use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in three areas, namely Medicine, Environment and Energy. Given the large number of applications being designed that utilize nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, and the perception that nanotechnology can (or will) provide the ultimate solution for the world's problems; questions arise regarding who benefits from these technological advances. Additionally, within the popular press all nanotechnology products are generally portrayed as being beneficial to society without necessarily distinguishing between real and potential benefits of the technology. Lastly, the benefits and implications of these technological advancements in society are explored.(1) C1 [Adlakha-Hutcheon, G.] Def R&D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Khaydarov, R.] Uzbek Acad Sci, INP, Tashkent 702132, Uzbekistan. [Korenstein, R.] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Varma, R.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Vaseashta, A.] Marshall Univ, Nanomat Lab & Characterizat Lab, Huntington 25575, WV USA. [Stamm, H.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Abdel-Mottaleb, M.] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Cairo 11566, Egypt. RP Adlakha-Hutcheon, G (reprint author), Def R&D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM Gitanjali.Adlakha-Hutcheon@drdc-rddc.gc.ca NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-9489-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2009 BP 195 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9491-0_14 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIV12 UT WOS:000262985800014 ER PT S AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, M. N. Varma, R. S. BE Linkov, I Steevens, J TI RISK REDUCTION VIA GREENER SYNTHESIS OF NOBLE METAL NANOSTRUCTURES AND NANOCOMPOSITES SO NANOMATERIALS: RISKS AND BENEFITS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanomaterials - Environmental Risk and Benefits CY APR 27-30, 2008 CL Faro, PORTUGAL SP NATO ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) NANOCOMPOSITES; CARBON NANOTUBES; MICROWAVE; AG AB Aqueous preparation of nanoparticles using vitamins B(2) and C which can function both as reducing and capping agents are described. Bulk and shape-controlled synthesis of noble nanostructures via microwave (MW)-assisted spontaneous reduction of noble metal salts using alpha-D-glucose, sucrose, and maltose has been achieved. The MW method also accomplishes the cross-linking reaction of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with metallic systems such as Pt, Cu, and In; bimetallic systems, namely Pt-In, Ag-Pt, Pt-Fe, Cu-Pd, Pt-Pd and Pd-Fe; and single-walled nanotubes (SWNT), multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT), and Buckminsterfullerene (C-60). The strategy is extended to the formation of biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite films with noble nanometals; such metal decoration and alignment of carbon nanotubes in CMC is possible using a MW approach. The MW approach also enables the shape-controlled bulk synthesis of Ag and Fe nanorods in poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG). C1 [Nadagouda, M. N.; Varma, R. S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varmarajender@epa.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-9489-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2009 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9491-0_15 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIV12 UT WOS:000262985800015 ER PT J AU Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R AF Savage, Nora Diallo, Mamadou Duncan, Jeremiah Street, Anita Sustich, Richard BE Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R TI Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water Preface SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR CLEAN WATER SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Savage, Nora; Street, Anita] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Diallo, Mamadou] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Duncan, Jeremiah] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Sustich, Richard] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Mat Purificat Water Syst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Savage, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-8155-1973-7 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2009 BP XXVII EP XXVIII DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1578-4.50007-X PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Water Resources GA BER89 UT WOS:000317909300003 ER PT J AU Choi, H Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. BE Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R TI Nanostructured Titanium Oxide Film- and Membrane-Based Photocatalysis for Water Treatment SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR CLEAN WATER SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOL-GEL METHOD; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; MESOPOROUS TIO2; PARTICLE-SIZE; DOPED TIO2 AB Titanium oxide (TiO2) photocatalysis, one of the ultraviolet (UV)-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) and nanotechnologies (AONs), has attracted great attention for the development of efficient water treatment and purification systems due to the effectiveness of TiO2 in generating highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals, which readily attack and decompose organic contaminants in water. In this chapter, we provide an overview of how the physicochemical properties of TiO2 are precisely controlled and functionalized at the nanoscale for versatile, practical, and full-scale applications. Some challenges in TiO2 photocatalysis, including enhancement of the catalytic activity, controllability of the structural properties, immobilization to form films and membranes, and narrowing of the band-gap energy, could be solved by introducing nanotechnological synthesis routes, noble material processing approaches, and new reactor design and concepts. The nanostructured TiO2 films and membranes inherently possess multiple functions under UV and even visible-light irradiation, including photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants, inactivation of microorganisms, anti-biofouling action, and physical separation of water contaminants. C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Choi, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-8155-1973-7 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2009 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1578-4.50012-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Water Resources GA BER89 UT WOS:000317909300007 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. BE Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R TI Magnesium-Based Corrosion Nano-Cells for Reductive Transformation of Contaminants SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR CLEAN WATER SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNESIUM/PALLADIUM BIMETALLIC PARTICLES; HYDROGEN STORAGE/RELEASE PROPERTIES; ELEMENT OSCILLATING MICROBALANCE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; RAPID DECHLORINATION; NANOPARTICLES; SYSTEM; PD; NANOCRYSTALS; CATALYSTS AB Magnesium, with its potential to reduce a variety of aqueous contaminants, unique self-limiting corrosion behavior affording long active life times, natural abundance, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature, promises to be an effective technology. However, nanoparticles of Mg are difficult to produce by reduction of its aqueous salts owing to the low reduction potential of Mg2+. Alternately, a top-down synthesis pathway of breaking down micro-sized Mg to nanosized particles in an inert atmosphere may be used. In the synthesis of Pd/Mg using nanotechniques, depositing nanoscale Pd islands onto microsized Mg substrates produces Pd islands with high catalytic activity at low Pd content, reduced bioavailability of Pd during the application of Pd/Mg systems, and more selective and stable Pd islands. Upon corrosion during application to aqueous systems, Mg transforms to its oxides and hydroxides, which have been reported to have anti-biofouling properties. Also, nanocrystalline MgO is known to be an efficient adsorbent for acid gases, chlorocarbons, organophosphorus compounds, alcohols, and other organics. Further, the high oxidation potential of Mg can be exploited by coupling it with a number of metals (Ni, Ag, Cu, etc.) to provide an array of efficient corrosion nano-cells. In wider environmental terms, Mg-based composites such as Pd/Mg, Ni/Mg intermetallics are being explored for hydrogen storage toward sustainable solutions to the energy crisis. C1 [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Agarwal, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-8155-1973-7 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2009 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1578-4.50032-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Water Resources GA BER89 UT WOS:000317909300027 ER PT J AU Duncan, JS Savage, N Street, A AF Duncan, Jeremiah S. Savage, Nora Street, Anita BE Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R TI Introduction to Societal Issues: The Responsible Development of Nanotechnology for Water SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR CLEAN WATER SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Duncan, Jeremiah S.] Univ Wisconsin, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Savage, Nora; Street, Anita] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Duncan, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-8155-1973-7 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2009 BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1578-4.50039-1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Water Resources GA BER89 UT WOS:000317909300034 ER PT J AU Street, A Duncan, JS Savage, N AF Street, Anita Duncan, Jeremiah S. Savage, Nora BE Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R TI Nanotechnology in Water: Societal, Ethical, and Environmental Considerations SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR CLEAN WATER SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Potable water is a threatened but critical resource, the scarcity of which is devastating for the developing world. Water-related nanotechnology research has the potential to make safe drinking water inexpensive and accessible to developing countries. This technology also can improve the water infrastructure in developed nations. However, it is imperative that the technology is, first, sustainable and, second, is acceptable by the societies it will serve. This chapter discusses both these issues and addresses what should be considered by researchers and policymakers in the advent of this rapidly developing technology to ensure its responsible development and deployment. Responsible development-including the best use of resources, consideration of societal concerns, and investigation of potential environmental effects-starts in the early stages of research. As the research moves into the development stage, issues of access and parity-including patent and copyright issues and access to the technology-become controversial. Finally, public engagement is necessary to ensure overall acceptance of exotic techniques and novel treatment technologies. Public engagement demands an approach appropriate to both the society as well as the technology, and as such, a relevant case-specific strategy must be developed to coincide with the introduction of new water treatment technologies. C1 [Street, Anita; Savage, Nora] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Duncan, Jeremiah S.] Univ Wisconsin, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Street, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-8155-1973-7 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2009 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1578-4.50040-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Water Resources GA BER89 UT WOS:000317909300035 ER PT J AU Duncan, JS Savage, N Street, A AF Duncan, Jeremiah S. Savage, Nora Street, Anita BE Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R TI Competition for Water SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR CLEAN WATER SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ADVANCING CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; BOTTLED WATER; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; HYDROLYSIS PROCESSES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREENHOUSE-GAS; LIQUID FUELS AB It is clear that in the near future the world will be facing a water crisis, and indeed, many parts of the world already are. The focus of this book has been on ways that nanotechnology may provide solutions to many of the technical problems that are or will result in scarcity and poor water quality. However, there are many potential sources of competition for water, both technical and nontechnical. Some of these, such as corruption and mismanagement, have been creating issues with water for a very long time, whereas others, such as the burgeoning biofuels industry, are only just emerging. It is important that we consider all of the many competitors for clean water and possibility for nanotechnology to address these directly and indirectly. C1 [Duncan, Jeremiah S.] Univ Wisconsin, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Savage, Nora; Street, Anita] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Duncan, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-8155-1973-7 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2009 BP 463 EP 489 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1578-4.50041-X PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Water Resources GA BER89 UT WOS:000317909300036 ER PT J AU Diallo, MS Duncan, JS Savage, N Street, A Sustich, R AF Diallo, Mamadou S. Duncan, Jeremiah S. Savage, Nora Street, Anita Sustich, Richard BE Savage, N Diallo, M Duncan, J Street, A Sustich, R TI Nanotechnology Solutions for Improving Water Quality SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR CLEAN WATER SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Diallo, Mamadou S.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diallo, Mamadou S.] Howard Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Duncan, Jeremiah S.] Univ Wisconsin, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Savage, Nora; Street, Anita] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sustich, Richard] Univ Illinois, Ctr Adv Mat Purificat Water Syst, Urbana, IL USA. RP Diallo, MS (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-8155-1973-7 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2009 BP 585 EP 587 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1578-4.50048-2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Water Resources GA BER89 UT WOS:000317909300043 ER PT J AU Silbajoris, R Huang, JM Cheng, WY Dailey, L Tal, TL Jaspers, I Ghio, AJ Bromberg, PA Samet, JM AF Silbajoris, Robert Huang, Jason Mingyi Cheng, Wan-Yun Dailey, Lisa Tal, Tamara L. Jaspers, Ilona Ghio, Andrew J. Bromberg, Philip A. Samet, James M. TI Nanodiamond particles induce Il-8 expression through a transcript stabilization mechanism in human airway epithelial cells SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanodiamond; IL-8; human airway epithelium ID KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; DIAMOND NANOPARTICLES; MESSENGER-RNA; FLUORESCENT NANODIAMONDS; P38 MAPK; CELLULAR BIOMARKERS; INTERLEUKIN-8 IL-8; LUNG; DELIVERY; INJURY AB Nanodiamond particles (NDP) prepared by detonational processes have a number of industrial and analytical applications. Previous in vitro studies have reported NDP to be biologically inert with negligible cytotoxicity, implying that they are potentially suitable for novel drug delivery applications. Separate studies, however, have shown that elemental carbon particles, a material closely related to NDP, can induce inflammatory responses in the lung. To assess the potential toxicity of exposure to NDP, we examined its effects on IL-8 expression by human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) in vitro. Four-hour exposures of HAEC to 66 mu g/ml NDP resulted in IL-8 mRNA increases up to 70-fold over control levels and were accompanied by up to 14-fold increases in IL-8 protein levels in the media. Adenoviral overexpression of catalase significantly reduced NDP-induced IL-8 mRNA expression in HAEC. Interestingly, exposure to NDP did not increase IL-8 transcriptional activity, as measured with the use of IL-8 promoter reporter constructs. Rather, NDP treatment was found to markedly increase the half-life of IL8-mRNA transcripts in HAEC. These findings show a pronounced increase in the expression of IL-8 in HAEC, suggesting that NDP inhalation can cause inflammatory responses in the human lung. C1 [Silbajoris, Robert; Dailey, Lisa; Ghio, Andrew J.; Samet, James M.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Huang, Jason Mingyi] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Cheng, Wan-Yun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tal, Tamara L.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jaspers, Ilona; Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Allergy & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM samet.james@epa.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1080/17435390902725948 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 555PT UT WOS:000274526300006 ER PT B AU Thorneloe, SA Weitz, KA Miller, J AF Thorneloe, Susan A. Weitz, Keith A. Miller, Jesse BE Castaldi, MJ White, M TI ANALYSIS OF THE "ZERO WASTE" MANAGEMENT OPTION USING THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DECISION SUPPORT TOOL SO NAWTEC17: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH ANNUAL NORTH AMERICAN WASTE TO ENERGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual North American Waste to Energy Conference CY MAY 18-20, 2009 CL Chantilly, VA SP ASME, Solid Waste Proc Div, Integral Waste Serv Assoc, Solid Waste Assoc N Amer C1 [Thorneloe, Susan A.] US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thorneloe, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4880-7 PY 2009 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BMF80 UT WOS:000272209100017 ER PT J AU Wiggins, RC AF Wiggins, Richard C. TI Prion Stability and Infectivity in the Environment SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Prion; Metalloprotein; BSE; CWD; Scrapie; Surgical tools; Soil; Water; Landfill; Environment ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; SURGICAL STAINLESS-STEEL; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; SCRAPIE PRION; VARIANT CJD; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; COPPER-BINDING; PROTEIN PRPC; BONE MEAL AB The biology of normal prion protein and the property of infectivity observed in abnormal folding conformations remain thinly characterized. However, enough is known to understand that prion proteins stretch traditional views of proteins in biological systems. Numerous investigators are resolving details of the novel mechanism of infectivity, which appears to feature a protein-only, homologous replication of misfolded isoforms. Many other features of prion biology are equally extraordinary. This review focuses on the status of infectious prions in various natural and man-made environments. The picture that emerges is that prion proteins are durable under extreme conditions of environmental exposure that are uncommon in biological phenomena, and this durability offers the potential for environmental reservoirs of persistent infectivity lasting for years. A recurrent theme in prion research is a propensity for these proteins to bind to mineral and metal surfaces, and several investigators have provided evidence that the normal cellular functions of prion protein may include metalloprotein interactions. This structural propensity for binding to mineral and metal ions offers the hypothesis that prion polypeptides are intrinsically predisposed to non-physiological folding conformations that would account for their environmental durability and persistent infectivity. Similarly, the avidity of binding and potency of prion infectivity from environmental sources also offers a recent hypothesis that prion polypeptides bound to soil minerals are actually more infectious than studies with purified polypeptides would predict. Since certain of the prion diseases have a history of epidemics in economically important animal species and have the potential to transmit to humans, urgency is attached to understanding the environmental transmission of prion diseases and the development of protocols for their containment and inactivation. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wiggins, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wiggins.richard@epa.gov NR 110 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 EI 1573-6903 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s11064-008-9741-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 393VS UT WOS:000262403000019 PM 18483857 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC Brooks, J Hunter, DL Padnos, B Irons, TD Padilla, S AF MacPhail, R. C. Brooks, J. Hunter, D. L. Padnos, B. Irons, T. D. Padilla, S. TI Locomotion in larval zebrafish: Influence of time of day, lighting and ethanol SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zebrafish; Danio rerio; Larvae; Behavior; Locomotion; Video tracking; Microtiter plate; Lighting condition; Ethanol ID DANIO-RERIO; BEHAVIOR; TOXICITY; GENES; VERTEBRATE; EMBRYO; MODELS AB The increasing use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in developmental research highlights the need for a detailed understanding of their behavior. We studied the locomotion of individual zebrafish larva (6 days post-fertilization) in 96-well microtiter plates. Movement was recorded using a video-tracking system. Time of day results indicated locomotion, tested in darkness (infrared), decreased gradually from early morning to a stable level between 13:00 and 15:30 h. All further studies were conducted in early-to-late afternoon and lasted approximately 1 h. Each study also began with a period of darkness to minimize any unintended stimulation caused by transferring the plates to the recording platform. Locomotion in darkness increased initially to a maximum at 4 min, then decreased steadily to a low level by 20 min. Locomotion during light was initially low and then gradually increased to a stable level after 20 min. When 10-min periods of light and dark were alternated, activity was low in light and high in dark; curiously, activity during alternating dark periods was markedly higher than originally obtained during either extended dark or light. Further experiments explored the variables influencing this alternating pattern of activity. Varying the duration of the initial dark period (10-20 min) did not affect subsequent activity in either light or dark. The activity increase on return to dark was, however, greater following 15 min than 5 min of light. Acute ethanol increased activity at 1 and 2% and severely decreased activity at 4%. One-percent ethanol retarded the transition in activity from dark to light, and the habituation of activity in dark, while 2% ethanol increased activity regardless of lighting condition. Collectively, these results show that locomotion in larval zebrafish can be reliably measured in a 96-well microtiter plate format, and is sensitive to time of day, lighting conditions, and ethanol. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [MacPhail, R. C.; Hunter, D. L.; Padnos, B.; Irons, T. D.; Padilla, S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brooks, J.] Brevard Coll, Div Sci & Math, Brevard, NC USA. [Irons, T. D.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP MacPhail, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Div B105 04, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM macphail.robert@epa.gov NR 37 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.09.011 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 402XW UT WOS:000263047400008 PM 18952124 ER PT J AU Lombi, E Scheckel, KG Pallon, J Carey, AM Zhu, YG Meharg, AA AF Lombi, E. Scheckel, K. G. Pallon, J. Carey, A. M. Zhu, Y. G. Meharg, A. A. TI Speciation and distribution of arsenic and localization of nutrients in rice grains SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE arsenic (As); micronutrients; particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE); rice grain; synchrotron ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PHYTOCHELATIN COMPLEXES; DIETARY EXPOSURE; HIGHER-PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; TRANSLOCATION; DETECTOR; CADMIUM AB Arsenic (As) contamination of rice grains and the generally low concentration of micronutrients in rice have been recognized as a major concern for human health. Here, we investigated the speciation and localization of As and the distribution of (micro) nutrients in rice grains because these are key factors controlling bioavailability of nutrients and contaminants. Bulk total and speciation analyses using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was complemented by spatially resolved microspectroscopic techniques (mu-XANES, mu-X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)) to investigate both speciation and distribution of As and localization of nutrients in situ. The distribution of As and micronutrients varied between the various parts of the grains (husk, bran and endosperm) and was characterized by element-specific distribution patterns. The speciation of As in bran and endosperm was dominated by As(III)-thiol complexes. The results indicate that the translocation from the maternal to filial tissues may be a bottleneck for As accumulation in the grain. Strong similarities between the distribution of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and phosphorus (P) and between zinc (Zn) and sulphur (S) may be indicative of complexation mechanisms in rice grains. C1 [Lombi, E.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Agr & Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Scheckel, K. G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Pallon, J.] Lund Univ, Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Div Nucl Phys, SE-221 Lund, Sweden. [Carey, A. M.; Meharg, A. A.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Environm & Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Zhu, Y. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP Lombi, E (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Bldg X,Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. EM enzo.lombi@unisa.edu.au RI Zhu, Yong-Guan/A-1412-2009; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Meharg, Andrew/F-8182-2014 OI Carey, Anne-Marie/0000-0001-6409-6580; Zhu, Yong-Guan/0000-0003-3861-8482; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Meharg, Andrew/0000-0003-2019-0449 FU US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We express our sincerest gratitude to Dr Paula Smith of the Royal Military College of Canada for providing arsenic reference spectra. The USEPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed a portion of the research. It has not been subject to Agency review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official product endorsement should be inferred. NR 38 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 6 U2 115 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2009 VL 184 IS 1 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02912.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 490XO UT WOS:000269541600019 PM 19549132 ER PT J AU Raposa, KB McKinney, RA Beaudette, A AF Raposa, Kenneth B. McKinney, Richard A. Beaudette, Aaron TI Effects of Tide Stage on the Use of Salt Marshes by Wading Birds in Rhode Island SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; RESOURCE USE; HERONS; BEHAVIOR; ESTUARY; EGRETS; SELECTION AB Salt marshes provide important foraging habitats for wading birds (Ar-deidae), and it has been suggested that the lack of suitable marsh habitats can limit the size of wading bird populations. It is therefore important to be able to accurately assess wading bird use of salt marshes over multiple spatial and temporal scales. The goal of this study was to determine how wading bird utilization of Narragansett Bay, RI salt marshes is affected by changing tide levels. Bird surveys were conducted across the tidal range at three different marshes. Wading birds foraged over much of the tidal cycle, but reverted to increased loafing during mid-tides when shallow foraging habitats were limited. Birds foraged in increasingly deeper water at higher tide stages rather than seeking out consistently shallow water over the tidal period. At Round Marsh, the primary study site, bird abundances were significantly related to tidal stages, but different patterns were observed at two additional sites. Wading bird abundance appears to depend on the availability of habitats that provide shallow foraging areas across tidal stages. Results from this study can be used to improve wading bird monitoring protocols and field studies on wading birds in salt marshes by ensuring that tidal stage is accounted for. C1 [Raposa, Kenneth B.] Narragansett Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Prudence Isl, RI 02872 USA. [McKinney, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Beaudette, Aaron] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22203 USA. RP Raposa, KB (reprint author), Narragansett Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 55 S Reserve Dr, Prudence Isl, RI 02872 USA. EM kenny@nbnerr.org FU Audubon Society of Rhode Island; NOAA - Estuarine Reserves Division [NA05NOS4201120]; State of Rhode Island, Department of Environmental Management, Division of Water Resources; Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division [AED-08-016] FX We would like to thank Tom Kutcher for assistance with field planning and estimating sighting errors, and Rachel Dapp, Felicia Olmeta, and Andrew McKinney for help with wading bird surveys. Access to Round Marsh was granted by the Audubon Society of Rhode Island. This research was supported in part by NOAA - Estuarine Reserves Division Grant # NA05NOS4201120 and the State of Rhode Island, Department of Environmental Management, Division of Water Resources. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This paper is contribution number AED-08-016 of the Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1656/045.016.0204 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468AK UT WOS:000267785300004 ER PT J AU Carpenter, CL Yu, MC London, SJ AF Carpenter, Catherine L. Yu, Mimi C. London, Stephanie J. TI Dietary Isothiocyanates, Glutathione S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1), and Lung Cancer Risk in African Americans and Caucasians from Los Angeles County, California SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; NEW-JERSEY; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; VITAMIN-A; WHITE MEN; SMOKING; FRUITS; POPULATION; WOMEN AB Isothiocyanates, found in cruciferous vegetables, are anticarcinogenic. Racial differences in smoking do not fully account for the African-American excess lung cancer incidence. African Americans consume more cruciferous vegetables than U. S. Whites. Impact on lung cancer risk is unknown. The glutathione S transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene promotes urinary isothiocyanate excretion. We evaluated dietary isothiocyanates and lung cancer using a population-based case-control study of 933 African Americans and Caucasians (non-Hispanic U. S. White) from Los Angeles County, California (311 cases; 622 controls). Broccoli, cauliflower, greens, and cabbage food-frequency variables represented isothiocyanates. Isothiocyanates were protective for lung cancer risk. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the uppermost quartile > 80 mu mol isothiocyanates/wk, compared to lowest, was 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-1.00, trend P = 0.02]. Association was stronger among subjects with homozygous deletion of GSTM1 (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.86) than subjects with at least one GSTM1 copy (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.49-1.21). The difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.16). Despite African Americans consuming more cruciferous vegetables, the isothiocyanate association did not vary by race (P = 0.52). Reduced lung cancer risk with higher isothiocyanate intake may be slightly stronger among subjects with deletion of GSTM1. C1 [Carpenter, Catherine L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Human Nutr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yu, Mimi C.] Univ Minnesota, Masonic Canc Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Carpenter, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Human Nutr, Box 951742,12-217 Warren Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ccarpenter@mednet.ucla.edu OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP) [1RT-140, 3RT-403, 11IT-0082]; NCI [P01-CA42710]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute of Health [ZO1 ES49017]; California Department of Health Services; National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program [N01-PC-35136]; Northern California Cancer Center [N01-PC-35139]; University of Southern California, [N02-PC-15105]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries [CCR921930-02] FX Conduct of the case-control study performed at the University of Southern California was funded by the California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP) grants, 1RT-140 and 3RT-403, to Dr. London. Data analysis performed at the University of California at Los Angeles was supported by TRDRP grant 11IT-0082 to Dr. Carpenter. Dr. Carpenter was supported by NCI P01-CA42710. Dr. London is supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health (ZO1 ES49017). The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Health Services as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under contract N01-PC-35136 awarded to the Northern California Cancer Center, contract N01-PC-35139 awarded to the University of Southern California, and contract N02-PC-15105 awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries under agreement # U55/ CCR921930-02 awarded to the Public Health Institute. The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the author( s), and endorsement by the State of California, Department of Health Services, the National Cancer Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors is not intended nor should be inferred. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1080/01635580902752270 PG 8 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 480LW UT WOS:000268737300009 PM 19838921 ER PT B AU Meserve, PL Gutierrez, JR Kelt, DA Previtali, MA Engilis, A Milstead, WB AF Meserve, Peter L. Gutierrez, Julio R. Kelt, Douglas A. Previtali, M. Andrea Engilis, Andrew, Jr. Milstead, W. Bryan BE Long, JA Wells, DS TI GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIOTIC-ABIOTIC INTERACTIONS IN THE NORTHERN CHILEAN SEMIARID ZONE: POTENTIAL LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF INCREASED EL NINOS SO OCEAN CIRCULATION AND EL NINO: NEW RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DESERT RODENT COMMUNITY; SMALL MAMMAL ASSEMBLAGE; WESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; THORN SCRUB COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PULSED RESOURCES; VERTEBRATE PREDATORS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE AB Global climate change (GCC) has become a major focus in ecology as ramifications of environmental alteration grow increasingly evident. Although dispute remains about linkages, increased frequency, duration, and magnitude of El Nino events are a predicted consequence of GCC. In western South America, increased rainfall tends to occur during El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm phases especially in semiarid zones of northwest Peru and north-central Chile; conversely, low rainfall occurs in other and regions such as Australia and southern Africa. The implications of such changes for semiarid regions are multiple and complex. For example, increased rainfall leads to dramatic changes in ephemeral plant cover; however, in multiyear El Nino/high rainfall events, ephemeral cover often decreases in subsequent years, suggesting nutrient depletion. Many other organismal groups increase dramatically following El Ninos, including small mammals, their predators, birds, and other components. The responses appear due to cascading-upwards effects of rainfall on productivity in regions which historically have been arid. A similar pattern holds for plant and animal groups elsewhere when unusually high rainfall occurs during El Nino years (e.g., North America). During ENSO cool (dry) phases (i.e., La Nina events), rainfall declines dramatically in the same regions with consequential negative effects on ephemeral plants and animals. In 1989, we initiated a large-scale manipulation in a national park in the north-central Chilean semiarid zone. Based on earlier work, we focused our attention on the role of biotic interactions in the community, specifically vertebrate predation, small mammal herbivory, and interspecific competition among members of the small mammal assemblage. Although we have documented some transitory effects of excluding vertebrate predators and small mammal herbivores from fenced, replicated live-trapping grids on small mammals and plants, respectively (e.g., "top-down" control), their responses to increased precipitation have been overwhelming, strongly implicating overall "bottom-up" control. In the last 19 years, five El Nino/high rainfall events, differing in duration and intensity, have generated variable responses by plants, small mammals, birds, and insects. Potential consequences of increased duration and frequency of El Ninos in the Chilean semiarid zone include changes in community dynamics, and greater impacts of introduced species as well as disease vectors and reservoirs. C1 [Meserve, Peter L.; Previtali, M. Andrea] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Gutierrez, Julio R.] Univ La Serena, Dept Biol, La Serena, Chile. [Gutierrez, Julio R.] Univ La Serena, Ctr Adv Studies Arid Zones CEAZA, La Serena, Chile. [Gutierrez, Julio R.] IEB, Santiago, Chile. [Kelt, Douglas A.; Engilis, Andrew, Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95758 USA. [Milstead, W. Bryan] US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Meserve, PL (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM pmeserve@niu.edu NR 143 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-084-8 PY 2009 BP 139 EP 162 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BKT98 UT WOS:000269226600006 ER PT S AU Penta, B Ko, D Gould, R Arnone, R Greene, R Lehrter, J Hagy, J Schaeffer, B Murrell, M Kurtz, J Herchenroder, B Green, R Eldridge, P AF Penta, B. Ko, D. Gould, R. Arnone, R. Greene, R. Lehrter, J. Hagy, J. Schaeffer, B. Murrell, M. Kurtz, J. Herchenroder, B. Green, R. Eldridge, P. GP IEEE TI Using Coupled Models to Study the Effects of River Discharge on Biogeochemical Cycling and Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf Of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB We describe emerging capabilities to understand physical processes and biogeochemical cycles in coastal waters through the use of satellites, numerical models, and ship observations. Emerging capabilities provide significantly improved ability to model ecological systems and the impact of environmental management actions on them. The complex interaction of physical and biogeochemical processes responsible for hypoxic events requires an integrated approach to research, monitoring, and modeling in order to fully define the processes leading to hypoxia. Our effort characterizes the carbon cycle associated with river plumes and the export of organic matter and nutrients from coastal Louisiana wetlands and embayments in a spatially and temporally intensive manner previously not possible. Riverine nutrients clearly affect ecosystems in the northern Gulf of Mexico as evidenced in the occurrence of regional hypoxia events. Less known and largely unquantified is the export of organic matter and nutrients from the large areas of disappearing coastal wetlands and large embayments adjacent to the Louisiana Continental Shelf. This project provides new methods to track the river plume along the shelf and to estimate the rate of export of suspended inorganic and organic particulate matter and dissolved organic matter from coastal habitats of south Louisiana. C1 [Penta, B.; Ko, D.; Gould, R.; Arnone, R.; Green, R.] Naval Res Lab, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Greene, R.; Lehrter, J.; Hagy, J.; Schaeffer, B.; Murrell, M.; Kurtz, J.] US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Herchenroder, B.] Lockhead Martin Informat Technol, EPA Environm Modeling & Visualizat Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Eldridge, P.] Western Ecol Div, USEPA Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Penta, B (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This project is funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2592 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601109 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Nanoparticle-supported and magnetically recoverable palladium (Pd) catalyst: a selective and sustainable oxidation protocol with high turnover number SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC OXIDATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ALCOHOLS; CHEMISTRY; GREENER; KETONES; LIQUID; AG AB A magnetic nanoparticle-supported Pd catalyst was readily prepared from inexpensive starting materials and shown to catalyze various oxidation reactions with high turnover number (TON) and excellent selectivity. The ease of recovery using an external magnetic field, high activity, and the intrinsic stability of the catalyst make this protocol economic and sustainable. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Vivek Polshettiwar was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 36 TC 175 Z9 177 U1 4 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1039/b817669h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 397KQ UT WOS:000262662000006 PM 19081941 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MA Ciszewski, JT AF Gonzalez, Michael A. Ciszewski, James T. TI High Conversion, Solvent Free, Continuous Synthesis of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids In Spinning Tube-in-Tube Reactors SO ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; CATALYSIS; HALIDES AB A spinning tube-in-tube (STT) reactor has been used for the accelerated solvent-free synthesis of a number of 1-methylmidazole-based ionic liquids with excellent conversions (> 99%) and high throughputs (tens of kg/day). C1 [Gonzalez, Michael A.; Ciszewski, James T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gonzalez, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM gonzalez.michael@epa.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); United States Environmental Protection Agency; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [0252-03] FX J.T.C. thanks the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency for postdoctoral fellowships. We acknowledge Prof. Ken Seddon and Mr. Andrew Brennan of the QUILL Center at Queens University (Belfast, Ireland) for their preliminary assistance with the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid synthesis and for helpful discussions. This research was performed under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA; no. 0252-03) between Kreido Biofuels and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Teledyne ISCO generously provided the use of the 100D syringe pumps. We appreciate the proofreading by Rosemary Thomas. It is understood the use of products in this manuscript is not an endorsement by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1083-6160 J9 ORG PROCESS RES DEV JI Org. Process Res. Dev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 1 BP 64 EP 66 DI 10.1021/op8001917 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 396RR UT WOS:000262609300010 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK Schwartz, TD Dean, TR Betancourt, DA AF Menetrez, M. Y. Foarde, K. K. Schwartz, T. D. Dean, T. R. Betancourt, D. A. TI An Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Gas-Phase Ozone SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Air Treatment; Antimicrobial Efficacy; Building Materials; Germicidal; Porous/Non-Porous Coupons ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTIVITY AB This project evaluated the effects of exposing a variety of microorganisms on porous and non-porous materials to elevated gaseous ozone concentrations ranging from 100 - 1000 ppm. Gypsum wallboard (porous) and glass slide (non-porous) building materials were used. Two fungi organisms, two bacteria organisms and two levels of relative humidity (RH) were tested. Increased humidity and non-porous surface exposure were found to increase the biocidal capability of high levels of ozone. The results of this study indicate that even at relatively high concentrations of ozone, it is difficult to get significant reductions of microorganisms on surfaces, especially on porous materials. C1 [Menetrez, M. Y.; Dean, T. R.; Betancourt, D. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foarde, K. K.; Schwartz, T. D.] Ctr Engn & Environm Sci, Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.1080/01919510903043772 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484TM UT WOS:000269070400006 ER PT S AU Leibowitz, SG White, D AF Leibowitz, Scott G. White, Denis BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Modeling the Effect of Stream Network Characteristics and Juvenile Movement on Coho Salmon SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; HISTORY; GROWTH AB Simulation modeling can be a valuable tool for improving scientific understanding of the mechanisms that affect fish abundance and sustainability. Spatially explicit models, in particular, can be used to study interactions between fish biology and spatiotemporal habitat patterns and to study the significance of fish movement to population growth and abundance. In this chapter, we present a novel approach for modeling fish populations that generalizes across systems rather than being site-specific. We describe a spatially explicit coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) simulation model that uses randomly generated stream networks. The use of random landscapes has been extremely valuable for the study of movement, metapopulation dynamics, and extinction risk in terrestrial populations, and should allow similar insights into long-term dynamics and sustainability of salmonids and other aquatic organisms. In particular, random stream networks can help test specific hypotheses by controlling for stream characteristics that could confound analytical results. In addition, random stream networks can allow for more robust inferences across stream networks by addressing network-level variability. We also include in our model a number of different mechanisms for representing fish movement. This allows us to examine how these different mechanisms affect model output, which will be useful for species where these mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe this model in detail, and include results from a number of simple analyses that are meant to examine the novel features of the model. These demonstrate how properties of the stream network can affect model output, and how different ways of representing fish movement can influence results. C1 [Leibowitz, Scott G.; White, Denis] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Leibowitz, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM leibowitz.scott@epa.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 71 BP 203 EP 224 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600012 ER PT J AU Voynow, J Lopez-Domowicz, D Fischer, B Carter, J Ghio, A AF Voynow, J. Lopez-Domowicz, D. Fischer, B. Carter, J. Ghio, A. TI NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE INCREASES AIRWAY EPITHELIAL NON-HEME IRON LEVELS SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Voynow, J.; Lopez-Domowicz, D.; Fischer, B.; Carter, J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Ghio, A.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PY 2009 MA 135 BP 257 EP 257 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 505OL UT WOS:000270703400214 ER PT S AU Fanara, A Haines, E Howard, A AF Fanara, Andrew Haines, Evan Howard, Arthur BE Nambiar, R Poess, M TI The State of Energy and Performance Benchmarking for Enterprise Servers SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND BENCHMARKING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st TPC Technology Conference on Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking (TPC TC 2009) CY AUG 24, 2009 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP Transact Proc Performance Council AB To address the server industry's marketing focus on performance, benchmarking organizations have played a pivotal role in developing techniques to determine the maximum achievable performance level of a system. Generally missing has been an assessment of energy use to achieve that performance. The connection between performance and energy consumption is becoming necessary information for designers and operators as they grapple with power constraints in the data center. While industry and policy makers continue to strategize about a universal metric to holistically measure IT equipment efficiency, existing server benchmarks for various workloads could provide an interim proxy to assess the relative energy efficiency of general servers. This paper discusses ideal characteristics a future energy-performance benchmark might contain, suggests ways in which current benchmarks might be adapted to provide a transitional step to this end, and notes the need for multiple workloads to provide a holistic proxy for a universal metric. C1 [Fanara, Andrew] US EPA, MC 6202J,Arid Rios Bldg 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Haines, Evan; Howard, Arthur] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Fanara, A (reprint author), US EPA, MC 6202J,Arid Rios Bldg 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM fanara.andrew@epa.gov; ehaines@icfi.com; ahoward@icfi.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-10423-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5895 BP 52 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPI83 UT WOS:000278941200005 ER PT S AU Peterson, CJ Stout, D AF Peterson, Chris J. Stout, Dan, II BE Peterson, CJ Stout, DM TI The Chemistry of Household, Structural and Residential Insect Management SO PESTICIDES IN HOUSEHOLD, STRUCTURAL AND RESIDENTIAL PEST MANAGEMENT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Chris J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Insects Dis & Invas Plants Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Stout, Dan, II] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Peterson, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Insects Dis & Invas Plants Unit, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6967-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1015 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BOU17 UT WOS:000277616100001 ER PT S AU Stout, DM Morgan, MK Egeghy, PP Xue, J AF Stout, D. M., II Morgan, M. K. Egeghy, P. P. Xue, J. BE Peterson, CJ Stout, DM TI Movement of Diazinon Residues into Homes Following Applications of a Granular Formulation to Residential Lawns SO PESTICIDES IN HOUSEHOLD, STRUCTURAL AND RESIDENTIAL PEST MANAGEMENT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARSENIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; CHLORPYRIFOS; PESTICIDES; CHILDREN; TURF; ABSORPTION; SURFACES; PLAYSETS; CARPET; MODEL AB A pilot study was conducted to examine the movement of diazinon following applications of a granular formulation to residential lawns. The objectives included examining the transport and fate of diazinon from an outdoor source to the indoor living areas of six homes, and estimating potential human exposure of six children (age 5-12) living in these homes using site specific data and model default assumptions. Sampling included the collection of the pesticide formulation, soil, particles from doormats, transferable residues from residential turf and indoor flooring, indoor air from living rooms and children's bedrooms, and vacuum dislodgeable dust. Samples were collected from six single family homes located in the Piedmont region of North Carolina between April and August 2001. Environmental samples were collected prior to pesticide application and at days 1, 2, 4, and 8 following the application. Soil concentrations, an indicator of source strength, were highest immediately following the application and declined by an average of 51% by day 8. Transferable residues from turf were determined with the polyurethane foam (PUF) roller and ranged from 0.1 to 970 ng/cm(2) over the study period. Particle-associated residues collected from doormats located at entryways into the home declined from day 2 to day 8 by an average of 75%. Indoor air concentrations in both living rooms and children's bedrooms reached maximal levels from 1 to 2 days following pesticide application and declined over the remainder of the study. Indoor transferable residue levels from carpeted surfaces were typically below the limit of detection and are reflective of a low efficiency collection technique. Concentrations in vacuum dislodgeable dust were variable over time, but consistently exceeded pre-application concentrations. Results demonstrate that the physical translocation of particle-bound residues and the intrusion of volatilized diazinon contribute to indoor levels. Increased airborne concentrations demonstrate the intrusion of diazinon from the outdoor source. Elevated concentrations in dust suggest the movement and deposition of volatilized and/or particle-bound residues. Model estimates suggest that exposure occurred over the duration of the study and that the estimated absorbed mass declined little over 8 days. In summary, the applications to residential lawns resulted in a sustained increase of diazinon levels above background concentrations inside of all homes. Lawn applications were found to be a source of potential occupant exposure both on treated lawns and inside homes. C1 [Stout, D. M., II; Morgan, M. K.; Egeghy, P. P.; Xue, J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stout, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6967-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1015 BP 143 EP 162 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BOU17 UT WOS:000277616100011 ER PT B AU Adair, B Bang, JJ Anderson, YB DeLauder, SF Bradshaw, M Lamberth, M Meheux, F Malhotra, R Fortmann, R Egeghy, P Williams, R Whitaker, D AF Adair, Blakely Bang, John J. Anderson, Yolanda B. DeLauder, Saundra F. Bradshaw, Marcia Lamberth, Marion Meheux, Faustina Malhotra, Rakesh Fortmann, Roy Egeghy, Peter Williams, Ronald Whitaker, Donald BE Uzochukwu, GA TI Water Quality in an Environmental Justice Community in Durham, NC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology CY SEP 12-14, 2007 CL Greensboro, NC SP Springer, NOAA Interdisciplinary Environm Technol Cooperat Sci Ctr, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Allied Waste Serv, OBrien & Gere, US DOE, Savannah River Site, US EPA, N Carolina A&T State Univ ID HEALTH; ASTHMA AB Environmental Justice Communities are usually minority communities of low socio-economic status with a concern of increased risk from point source pollution not present in other communities. A priority of the U.S. EPA is to empower these communities to advocate for themselves. Toward that end, EPA has entered into a cooperative agreement with the Department of Environmental Earth and Geospatial Sciences at North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, to perform preliminary community based participatory studies and to establish the infrastructure for long-term interactions with environmental Justice communities. In central Durham, housing and commercial properties are intermingled creating a concern for increased pollution and poor water quality in area creeks. To determine if current or past commercial practices impacted creeks, organochlorines (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals were quantified in water and sediment samples collected during the summer of 2007 from nine creeks located in six parks in the study area. Water quality measurements and contaminant concentrations were compared to regulatory values. To date, few water quality and no contaminant concentrations were above regulatory levels. The results are being shared with members of community organizations at community functions. C1 [Adair, Blakely; Bang, John J.; Anderson, Yolanda B.; DeLauder, Saundra F.; Bradshaw, Marcia; Lamberth, Marion; Meheux, Faustina; Malhotra, Rakesh] N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Fortmann, Roy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Egeghy, Peter; Williams, Ronald; Whitaker, Donald] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Carolina, NC USA. RP Adair, B (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. FU U.S. EPA [R-82946901] FX We would like to thank Kai Ngegba, Aiqun Yu, Janay Jones, and Kimberly Outen for their hard work. We would also like to thank Wayne Randolph for his assistance in planning and implementing the sample collection. This study was supported by U.S. EPA cooperative agreement R-82946901. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-88482-0 PY 2009 BP 55 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88483-7_8 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLM66 UT WOS:000270543200008 ER PT B AU Bang, JJ Anderson, YB DeLauder, SF Bradshaw, M Meheux, F Malhotra, R Fortmann, R Egeghy, P Williams, R Whitaker, D AF Bang, John J. Anderson, Yolanda B. DeLauder, Saundra F. Bradshaw, Marcia Meheux, Faustina Malhotra, Rakesh Fortmann, Roy Egeghy, Peter Williams, Ronald Whitaker, Donald BE Uzochukwu, GA TI The Impact of Social Capital on Environmental Risk Reduction in Moncure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology CY SEP 12-14, 2007 CL Greensboro, NC SP Springer, NOAA Interdisciplinary Environm Technol Cooperat Sci Ctr, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Allied Waste Serv, OBrien & Gere, US DOE, Savannah River Site, US EPA, N Carolina A&T State Univ AB Despite rigorous efforts to understand and resolve environmental justice (EJ) issues, the complexity of the issues associated with many of these EJ communities continues to bring challenges to community residents and environmental researchers. Moncure, NC, located in northern Chatham County, is a rural community proximal to a cluster of several major industries. While the presence of these industries has helped the local residents maintain higher than average household incomes, it has also created environmental concerns (air quality and potential respiratory illness) for the community. In this study, the authors examine the impact of social capital in the form of a community coalition called the Southeastern Chatham Citizens Advisory Council (SCCAC) on the resolution of EJ issues in Moncure. EJ issues in Moncure have been investigated by examining trends in archived data from the U.S. EPA's Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and by addressing residents' pollution concerns, identified in Town Hall meetings, by designing a field monitoring study. Monitoring for the field study was conducted during one week periods in January and June of 2007. Preliminary results from the January sampling was compared with regulatory standard values, TRI data, and with results from a modeling study conducted by NC DENR Division of Air Quality (DAQ). Data indicate that the levels of released pollutants from local industries have been reduced during the overlapping time period when the SECCA has been active in trying to resolve the pollution issues, illustrating the potential impact of social capital on EJ risk reduction. C1 [Bang, John J.; Anderson, Yolanda B.; DeLauder, Saundra F.; Bradshaw, Marcia; Meheux, Faustina; Malhotra, Rakesh] N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Fortmann, Roy; Egeghy, Peter; Williams, Ronald; Whitaker, Donald] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Carolina, NC USA. RP Bang, JJ (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. FU EPA [R-82946901] FX This study was supported by EPA cooperative agreement R-82946901. We are grateful to other community members, a group of volunteers from NCCU and Moncure residents as well as technical support from other departments at NCCU and EPA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-88482-0 PY 2009 BP 61 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88483-7_9 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLM66 UT WOS:000270543200009 ER PT B AU Crume, RV Sykes, KE Crume, YS AF Crume, Richard V. Sykes, Kathleen E. Crume, Yoko S. BE Uzochukwu, GA TI Air Quality Issues for an Aging Population SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology CY SEP 12-14, 2007 CL Greensboro, NC SP Springer, NOAA Interdisciplinary Environm Technol Cooperat Sci Ctr, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Allied Waste Serv, OBrien & Gere, US DOE, Savannah River Site, US EPA, N Carolina A&T State Univ ID POLLUTION; WOMEN AB The number of older adults in the U.S. population is increasing as the baby-boomer generation reaches retirement age. Older adults are more sensitive to air pollution, and many have existing medical conditions that are worsened by air pollution exposure. Additionally, a majority lives in metropolitan areas where air contaminant concentrations are higher. For these reasons, there is concern over future adverse health effects as the percentage of older adults grows substantially larger. A related problem for older adults is excessive heat, made worse by summertime air pollution episodes. Indoor air contaminants can also be a problem because older adults spend more time indoors than they did at a younger age. Steps can be taken now to plan for the aging of America's population, including programs aimed at education, notification, and research involving air pollution exposure and excess heat events. C1 [Crume, Richard V.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sykes, Kathleen E.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Crume, Yoko S.] NC A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Crume, RV (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-88482-0 PY 2009 BP 67 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88483-7_10 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLM66 UT WOS:000270543200010 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Yoo, JI Turley, AT Miller, CA Linak, WP Wendt, JOL Huggins, FE Gilmour, MI AF Cho, Seung-Hyun Yoo, Jong-Ik Turley, Audrey T. Miller, C. Andrew Linak, William P. Wendt, Jost O. L. Huggins, Frank E. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Relationships between composition and pulmonary toxicity of prototype particles from coal combustion and pyrolysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article CT 32nd International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA DE Coal fly-ash; Pyrolysis residue particles; Soot; Ultrafine particles; Health effects ID LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FLY-ASH; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VITRO; IRON; SOOT; SPECTROSCOPY; MOBILIZATION; GENERATION; SIZE AB The hypothesis that health effects associated with coal combustion fly-ash particles are exacerbated by the simultaneous presence of iron and soot was tested through two sets of experiments. The first set created prototype particles from complete and partial combustion, or oxygen free Pyrolysis of a high iron Illinois bituminous coal in an externally heated drop-tube furnace. The second experiment created prototype particles consisting of iron and soot in various concentrations from doped ethylene Burke-Schumann flames. Size-classified samples from the coal tests were separated into coarse (>2.5 mu m), fine (0.5-2.5 mu m) and ultrafine (<0.5 mu m) fractions, and analyzed for total carbon, elemental composition, and detailed iron and Sulfur speciation. In a similar manner, ultrafine particles from the ethylene flame tests were also analyzed for total carbon and elemental composition. Pulmonary inflammatory responses were determined after intratracheal aspiration of 100 mu g samples in female CD1 mice. IL-6 and neutrophil responses were monitored as markers of inflammation. With carbon present, the coal data Suggested that the Ultrafine particles containing soot were more toxic than fine or coarse particles containing char, even though the iron and sulfur speciation varied only slightly with particle size. Iron and sulfur chemistry were, however, dependent on the extent of carbon burnout achieved. In the absence of carbon, ultrafine particles (high in bisulfates and semi-volatile alkali metals) were less toxic than the fine fraction (high in oxidized iron and sulfates). Iron-soot particles created from ethylene flames were more toxic than an equivalent physical mixture of iron oxide and soot, and the toxicity depended primarily oil the soot concentration. However, taken as whole, these data do not Support the notion that iron ails soot interact to enhance pulmonary inflammatory responses. (c) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cho, Seung-Hyun; Yoo, Jong-Ik; Turley, Audrey T.; Miller, C. Andrew; Linak, William P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wendt, Jost O. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Huggins, Frank E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Consortium Fossil Fuel Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Linak, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM linak.bill@epa.gov RI Miller, Andrew/C-5777-2011 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 2717 EP 2725 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.016 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CH UT WOS:000264756900130 ER PT B AU Evans, DA AF Evans, David A. BE Harrington, W Heinzerling, L Morgenstern, RD TI The Clean Air Mercury Rule SO REFORMING REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-136-52634-3; 978-1-933-11575-7 PY 2009 BP 82 EP 107 PG 26 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA0MZ UT WOS:000331909000006 ER PT S AU Steinetz, B Lasano, S van Dorsser, FD Glickman, S Bergfelt, D Santymire, R Songsassen, N Swanson, W AF Steinetz, B. Lasano, S. van Dorsser, F. de Haas Glickman, S. Bergfelt, D. Santymire, R. Songsassen, N. Swanson, W. BE BryantGreenwood, GD Bagnell, CA Bathgate, RAD TI Relaxin Concentrations in Serum and Urine Endangered and Crazy Mixed-Up Species New Methods, Uses, and Findings SO RELAXIN AND RELATED PEPTIDES: FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Relaxin and Related Peptides CY MAY 18-23, 2008 CL Maui, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Corthera, March Dimes, Hawaii Pathol Lab, US Dept Agr, Cooperat St Res, Educat, & Exten Serv, Univ Guelph DE relaxin; endangered species; exotic species; radioimmunoassays; benchtop immunoassay kit ID PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS; SPOTTED HYENA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PROGESTIN; FELIDS; MARKER AB The human population explosion has pushed many mammalian wildlife species to the brink of extinction. Conservationists are increasingly turning to captive breeding as a means of preserving the gene pool. We previously reported that serum immunoactive relaxin provided a reliable means of distinguishing between true and pseudopregnancy in domestic dogs, and this method has since been found to be a reliable indicator of true pregnancy in endangered Asian and African elephants and Sumatran rhinoceroses. Our canine relaxin radioimmunoassay (RIA) has now been adapted and validated to measure relaxin in the serum and urine of felids, including domestic and wild species. Moreover, a commercially available canine serum relaxin kit (Witness (R) Relaxin Kit; Synbiotics, San Diego, CA), has been adapted for reliable detection of relaxin in urine of some felid species. Our porcine relaxin RIA has also been utilized to investigate the role of relaxin in reproductive processes of the spotted hyena, a species in which the female fetuses are severely masculinized in utero. Indeed, this species might wen now be extinct were it not for the timely secretion of relaxin to enable copulation and birth of young through the clitoris. Additional studies have suggested relaxin may be a useful marker of pregnancy in the northern fur seal and the maned wolf (the former species has been designated as "depleted" and the latter as "near threatened"). Given appropriate immunoassay reagents, relaxin determination in body fluids thus provides a powerful tool for conservationists and biologists investigating reproduction in a wide variety of endangered and exotic species. C1 [Steinetz, B.] NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [van Dorsser, F. de Haas] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge, England. [Glickman, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bergfelt, D.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Santymire, R.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Songsassen, N.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Swanson, W.] Cincinnati Zoo & Bot Garden, Ctr Conservat & Res Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Steinetz, B (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, 50 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM bernard.steinetz@myumc.org NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-721-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03824.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology GA BJG43 UT WOS:000265652100033 PM 19416182 ER PT S AU Chang, NB Yang, YJ Daranpob, A AF Chang, N. B. Yang, Y. J. Daranpob, A. BE Michel, U Civco, DL TI Fusion of Multi-source and Multi-scale Remote Sensing Data for Water Availability Assessment in a Metropolitan Region SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology IX CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP SPIE Europe DE urban watershed management; water infrastructure; satellite remote sensing; NEXRAD; GEOS; MODIS ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; DROUGHT INDEXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; SENSOR DATA; TAMPA BAY; CHLOROPHYLL; QUALITY; LAKE; ALGORITHMS; RESERVOIR AB Recent extreme hydroclimatic events in the United States alone include, but are not limited to, the droughts in Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay area in 2001 through September 2002; Lake Mead in Las Vegas in 2000 through 2004; the Peace River and Lake Okeechobee in South Florida in 2006; and Lake Lanier in Atlanta, Georgia in 2007 that affected the water resources distribution in three states -Alabama, Florida and Georgia. This paper provides evidence from previous work and elaborates on the future perspectives that will collectively employ remote sensing and in-situ observations to support the implementation of the water availability assessment in a metropolitan region. Within the hydrological cycle, precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration can be monitored by using WSR-88D/NEXRAD data, RADARSAT-1 images, and GEOS images collectively to address the spatiotemporal variations of quantitative availability of waters whereas the MODIS images may be used to track down the qualitative availability of waters in terms of turbidity, Chlorophyll-a and other constitutes of concern. Tampa Bay in Florida was selected as a study site in this analysis, where the water supply infrastructure covers groundwater, desalination plant, and surface water at the same time. Research findings show that through the proper fusion of multi-source and multi-scale remote sensing data for water availability assessment in metropolitan region, a new insight of water infrastructure assessment can be gained to support sustainable planning region wide. C1 [Chang, N. B.; Daranpob, A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Yang, Y. J.] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Chang, NB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7783-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7478 AR UNSP 74780F DI 10.1117/12.828552 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BA6ZB UT WOS:000337323200011 ER PT J AU Mccullough, DA Bartholow, JM Jager, HI Beschta, RL Cheslak, EF Deas, ML Ebersole, JL Foott, JS Johnson, SL Marine, KR Mesa, MG Petersen, JH Souchon, Y Tiffan, KF Wurtsbaugh, WA AF Mccullough, Dale A. Bartholow, John M. Jager, Henriette I. Beschta, Robert L. Cheslak, Edward F. Deas, Michael L. Ebersole, Joseph L. Foott, J. Scott Johnson, Sherri L. Marine, Keith R. Mesa, Matthew G. Petersen, James H. Souchon, Yves Tiffan, Kenneth F. Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A. TI Research in Thermal Biology: Burning Questions for Coldwater Stream Fishes SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE water temperature; global warming; genetics; physiology; ecosystem; salmonids ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; UPPER TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC SALMON AB With the increasing appreciation of global warming impacts on ecological systems, in addition to the myriad of land management effects on water quality, the number of literature citations dealing with the effects of water temperature on freshwater fish has escalated in the past decade. Given the many biological scales at which water temperature effects have been studied, and the growing need to integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines of thermal biology to fully protect beneficial uses, we held that a survey of the most promising recent developments and an expression of some of the remaining unanswered questions with significant management implications would best be approached collectively by a diverse research community. We have identified five specific topic areas of renewed research where new techniques and critical thought could benefit coldwater stream fishes (particularly salmonids): molecular, organism, population/ species, community and ecosystem, and policy issues in water quality. Our hope is that information gained through examination of recent research fronts linking knowledge at various scales will prove useful in managing water quality at a basin level to protect fish populations and whole ecosystems. Standards of the past were based largely on incipient lethal and optimum growth rate temperatures for fish species, while future standards should consider all integrated thermal impacts to the organism and ecosystem. C1 [Mccullough, Dale A.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Bartholow, John M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Jager, Henriette I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Beschta, Robert L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cheslak, Edward F.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Tech & Ecol Serv, San Ramon, CA USA. [Deas, Michael L.] Watercourse Engn Inc, Davis, CA USA. [Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. [Foott, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, CA NV Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Marine, Keith R.] N State Resources Inc, Redding, CA USA. [Mesa, Matthew G.; Petersen, James H.; Tiffan, Kenneth F.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. [Souchon, Yves] Irstea, Unite Rech Biol Ecosyst Aquat, Lab Hydroecol Quantitat, Lyon, France. [Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mccullough, DA (reprint author), Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, 729 NE Oregon St,Ste 200, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM mccd@critfc.org RI Wurtsbaugh, Wayne/G-6856-2011; OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846; Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X NR 204 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 9 U2 97 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 EI 1547-6553 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 90 EP 115 DI 10.1080/10641260802590152 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 416HD UT WOS:000263995500006 ER PT S AU Lipscomb, JC El-Demerdash, E Ahmed, AE AF Lipscomb, John C. El-Demerdash, Ebtehal Ahmed, E. Ahmed BE Whitacre, DM TI Haloacetonitriles: Metabolism and Toxicity SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 198 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION; BODY AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; AMES-FLUCTUATION TEST; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HALOGENATED ACETONITRILES; CHLORINE DISINFECTION; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION C1 [Lipscomb, John C.; El-Demerdash, Ebtehal; Ahmed, E. Ahmed] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU U.S. EPA; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health FX Work conducted in the laboratory of Dr Ahmed E. Ahmed was supported by U.S. EPA and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences / National Institutes of Health. NR 102 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 978-0-387-09646-9 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 198 BP 169 EP 200 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BIP67 UT WOS:000261700700005 PM 19253036 ER PT S AU Roberts, JW Wallace, LA Camann, DP Dickey, P Gilbert, SG Lewis, RG Takaro, TK AF Roberts, John W. Wallace, Lance A. Camann, David P. Dickey, Philip Gilbert, Steven G. Lewis, Robert G. Takaro, Tim K. BE Whitacre, DM TI Monitoring and Reducing Exposure of Infants to Pollutants in House Dust SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 201 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; INNER-CITY CHILDREN; CARPET DUST; BLOOD LEAD; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS; AGRICULTURAL FAMILIES C1 [Wallace, Lance A.] US EPA, Reston, VA 22091 USA. EM lwallace73@verizon.net RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 170 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 978-1-4419-0031-9 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 201 BP 1 EP 39 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0032-6_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0032-6 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BJZ60 UT WOS:000267538400001 PM 19484587 ER PT J AU Kopylev, L Fox, J AF Kopylev, Leonid Fox, John TI Parameters of a Dose-Response Model Are on the Boundary: What Happens with BMDL ? SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Coverage of BMDL; log-logistic model; multistage model; one-sided confidence intervals; profile likelihood ID LIKELIHOOD RATIO; CONSTRAINED PARAMETER; TESTS; RISK AB It is well known that, under appropriate regularity conditions, the asymptotic distribution for the likelihood ratio statistic is chi(2). This result is used in EPA's benchmark dose software to obtain a lower confidence bound (BMDL) for the benchmark dose (BMD) by the profile likelihood method. Recently, based on work by Self and Liang, it has been demonstrated that the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio remains the same if some of the regularity conditions are violated, that is, when true values of some nuisance parameters are on the boundary. That is often the situation for BMD analysis of cancer bioassay data. In this article, we study by simulation the coverage of one- and two-sided confidence intervals for BMD when some of the model parameters have true values on the boundary of a parameter space. Fortunately, because two-sided confidence intervals (size 1-2 alpha) have coverage close to the nominal level when there are 50 animals in each group, the coverage of nominal 1-alpha one-sided intervals is bounded between roughly 1-2 alpha and 1. In many of the simulation scenarios with a nominal one-sided confidence level of 95%, that is, alpha = 0.05, coverage of the BMDL was close to 1, but for some scenarios coverage was close to 90%, both for a group size of 50 animals and asymptotically (group size 100,000). Another important observation is that when the true parameter is below the boundary, as with the shape parameter of a log-logistic model, the coverage of BMDL in a constrained model (a case of model misspecification not uncommon in BMDS analyses) may be very small and even approach 0 asymptotically. We also discuss that whenever profile likelihood is used for one-sided tests, the Self and Liang methodology is needed to derive the correct asymptotic distribution. C1 [Kopylev, Leonid] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kopylev, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kopylev.leonid@epa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01125.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 387WX UT WOS:000261983400002 PM 18808395 ER PT J AU Aladjov, H Todorov, M Schmieder, P Serafimova, R Mekenyan, O Veith, G AF Aladjov, H. Todorov, M. Schmieder, P. Serafimova, R. Mekenyan, O. Veith, G. TI Strategic selection of chemicals for testing. Part I. Functionalities and performance of basic selection methods SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE strategic selection; validation of QSARs; training set expansion ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BINDING; QSAR AB To develop quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) models capable of predicting adverse effects for large chemical inventories and diverse structures, an interactive approach is presented that includes testing of strategically selected chemicals to expand the scope of a preliminary model to cover a target inventory. The goal of chemical selection in this context is to make the testing more effective in terms of adding maximal new structural information to the predictive model with minimal testing. The aim of this paper is to describe a set of algorithmic solutions and modelling techniques that can be used to efficiently select chemicals for testing to achieve a variety of goals. One purpose of chemical selection is to refine the model thus extending our knowledge about the modelled subject. Alternatively, the selection of chemicals for testing could be targeted at achieving a more adequate structural representation of a specific universe of untested chemicals to extend the model applicability domain on each subsequent step of model development. The chemical selection tools are collectively provided in a software package referred to as ChemPick. The system also allows the visualisation of chemical inventories and training sets in multidimensional (two and three dimensions) descriptor space. The software environment allows one or more datasets to be simultaneously loaded in a three-dimensional (or N-dimensional) chart where each point represents a combination of values for the descriptors for a given conformation of a chemical. The application of the chemical selection tools to select chemicals to expand a preliminary model of human oestrogen receptor (hER) ligand binding to more adequately cover a diverse chemical inventory is presented to demonstrate the application of these tools. C1 [Todorov, M.; Serafimova, R.; Mekenyan, O.] Bourgas As Zlatarov Univ, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. [Schmieder, P.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Veith, G.] Int QSAR Fdn Reduce Anim Testing, Two Harbors, MN 55616 USA. RP Mekenyan, O (reprint author), Bourgas As Zlatarov Univ, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. EM omekenya@btu.bg OI Aladjov, Hristo/0000-0001-6227-3678 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 183 AR PII 910189174 DI 10.1080/10629360902723996 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 428DF UT WOS:000264827500009 PM 19343590 ER PT J AU van Leeuwen, K Schultz, TW Henry, T Diderich, B Veith, GD AF van Leeuwen, K. Schultz, T. W. Henry, T. Diderich, B. Veith, G. D. TI Using chemical categories to fill data gaps in hazard assessment SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chemical categories; QSAR; data gaps; hazard assessment ID QSAR AB Hazard assessments of chemicals have been limited by the availability of test data and the time needed to evaluate the test data. While available data may be inadequate for the majority of industrial chemicals, the body of existing knowledge for most hazards is large enough to permit reliable estimates to be made for untested chemicals without additional animal testing. We provide a summary of the growing use by regulatory agencies of the chemical categories approach, which groups chemicals based on their similar toxicological behaviour and fills in the data gaps in animal test data such as genotoxicity and aquatic toxicity. Although the categories approach may be distinguished from the use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for specific hazard endpoints, robust chemical categories are founded on quantifying the chemical structure with parameters that control chemical behaviour in conventional hazard assessment. The dissemination of the QSAR Application Toolbox by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is an effort to facilitate the use of the categories approach and reduce the need for additional animal testing. C1 [Veith, G. D.] Int QSAR Fdn, Two Harbors, MN 55616 USA. [van Leeuwen, K.] TNO Qual Life, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. [Schultz, T. W.; Diderich, B.] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, F-75775 Paris, France. [Henry, T.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Veith, GD (reprint author), Int QSAR Fdn, 1501 W Knife River Rd, Two Harbors, MN 55616 USA. EM gdveith@qsari.org RI van Leeuwen, Cornelis/S-5815-2016 OI van Leeuwen, Cornelis/0000-0003-1605-4268 FU US EPA's FX The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of TNO, US EPA or OECD. This document has not been subjected to US EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 220 AR PII 912557584 DI 10.1080/10629360902949179 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 460QS UT WOS:000267202800002 PM 19544189 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Summary SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300002 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI SCIENCE AND DECISIONS Advancing Risk Assessment Preface SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300001 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI SCIENCE AND DECISIONS Advancing Risk Assessment Introduction SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 25 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300003 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Evolution and Use of Risk Assessment in the Environmental Protection Agency: Current Practice and Future Prospects SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; PERFORMANCE; PERCHLORATE; HEALTH; OUTCOMES C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 26 EP 64 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300004 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI The Design of Risk Assessments SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFORMATION ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; DECISIONS C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 65 EP 92 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300005 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Uncertainty and Variability: The Recurring and Recalcitrant Elements of Risk Assessment SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; DOSE-RESPONSE; AIR-POLLUTION; DNA-REPAIR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MORTALITY; MODELS; CANCER; OZONE C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 93 EP 126 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300006 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Toward a Unified Approach to Dose-Response Assessment SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; NONCANCER RISK-ASSESSMENT; HYDROCARBON-DNA ADDUCTS; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; BLADDER-CANCER RISK; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 127 EP 187 PG 61 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300007 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Selection and Use of Defaults SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARCINOGENIC POTENCY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; CHEMICALS; CANCER; IRIS; TOO C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 188 EP 212 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300008 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Implementing Cumulative Risk Assessment SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATIVE RISK; AIR-POLLUTION; INTAKE FRACTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CODORUS CREEK; EXPOSURE; MODEL; PROBABILITY; BIOMARKERS; CAUSATION C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 213 EP 239 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300009 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Improving the Utility of Risk Assessment SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RED BOOK C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 240 EP 257 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300010 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Toward Improved Risk-Based Decision-Making SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 258 EP 271 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300011 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Biographic Information on the Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the Environmental Protection Agency SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300012 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Statement of Task of the Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the Environmental Protection Agency SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 281 EP 282 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300013 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Environmental Protection Agency Program and Region Responses to Questions from the Committee SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL INGESTION; CHILDREN C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 367 EP 398 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300014 ER PT B AU Burke, T AF Burke, Thomas GP Natl Res Council TI Case Studies of the Framework for Risk-Based Decision-Making SO SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: ADVANCING RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. RP Burke, T (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Improving Risk Anal Approaches Used, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-12047-0; 978-0-309-12046-3 PY 2009 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB6LX UT WOS:000344869300015 ER PT J AU Singh, AP Harada, S Mishina, Y AF Singh, A. P. Harada, S. Mishina, Y. TI Downstream Genes of Sox8 That Would Affect Adult Male Fertility SO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Blood-testis barrier; Male fertility; Sertoli cell; SRY-box; Spermatogenesis ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX8; SERTOLI-CELL FUNCTION; JUNCTION DYNAMICS; SEX DETERMINATION; TESTIS; MOUSE; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; MICE; SPERMATOGENESIS AB Sertoli cells provide nutritional and physical support to germ cells during spermatogenesis. Sox8 encodes a high mobility group transcription factor closely related to Sox9 and Sox10. Sertoli cells produce SOX8 protein, and its elimination results in an age-dependent deregulation of spermatogenesis resulting in male infertility. This suggests that Sox8 is a critical regulator of Sertoli cell function for the maintenance of male fertility beyond the first wave of spermatogenesis. To better understand the roles of Sox8 in testicular development and maintenance of male fertility, we have performed a detailed analysis to explore its downstream genes. We have used mRNA expression profiling to identify affected genes in Sertoli cells in the mutant testes of 2-month-old mice. Expression profiling of the heterozygous and homozygous Sox8 mutant testes indicates alterations in several important spermatogenesis and blood-testis barrier genes, providing insight into the molecular basis of the defects in Sox8(-/-) testes beyond the first wave of spermatogenesis. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Mishina, Y.] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol Mat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Harada, S.] Merck Res Labs, Dept Bone Biol & Osteoporosis Res, West Point, PA USA. [Singh, A. P.; Mishina, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mishina, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol Mat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mishina@umich.edu RI Singh, Ajeet/G-3935-2013 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES071003-11]; Indo-US Collaboration on Environment and Occupational Health Grant; RIKEN Brain Science Institute [833-3944] FX The authors would like to dedicate this manuscript to Dr. Shun Harada, a great colleague and a wonderful friend, who made significant contributions to the field of SOX biology. We gratefully thank the NIEHS Microarrays Core Facility led by Dr. Rich Paules. We thank Dr. Leping Li for sequence analyses, Drs. Mitch Eddy, Manas Ray, and Greg Scott for helpful discussion and critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Mss. Ijeoma Nwosu, Gloria MacDonald, and Kelly McCann for their technical support, Ms. Tonya Miller for her excellent service of maintenance of the mouse colonies. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES071003-11), by the Indo-US Collaboration on Environment and Occupational Health Grant, and by a gift from RIKEN Brain Science Institute (833-3944) to Y.M. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5425 J9 SEX DEV JI Sex. Dev. PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1159/000200078 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 428SV UT WOS:000264871100002 PM 19339814 ER PT J AU Adams, GP Ratto, MH Collins, CW Bergfelt, DR AF Adams, G. P. Ratto, M. H. Collins, C. W. Bergfelt, D. R. TI Artificial insemination in South American camelids and wild equids SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IETS Post Conference Symposium on Implementation of Artificial Insemination in CANDES/Satellite Symposium of the 35th International-Embryo-Transfer-Society CY JAN 07, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE artificial insemination; semen; camelids; llamas; alpacas; equids; horse; donkey ID LLAMA LAMA-GLAMA; SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS; ALPACA SEMEN; SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; EQUUS-BURCHELLI; PLAINS ZEBRA; COLLECTION; SPERM; CRYOPRESERVATION AB An overview of the present status of the use of artificial insemination (AI) in South American camelids and wild equids is offered. Technical aspects of semen collection, dilution and cryopreservation have limited the development and use of AI in camelid and equid species. To-date, efficiency is low but progress has been made and viable offspring have been produced through the use of AI in domestic South American camelids using, both fresh and frozen semen. The origin, composition, and function of the viscous component of camelid seminal plasma remain a mystery and an obvious area for future research. A better understanding of the normal constituents of seminal plasma will enable the rational design of semen extenders suitable for camelids. Post-thaw sperm viability is very low, and studies are needed to address questions of optimal freezing and thawing procedures as well as the insemination dose. The basis for differences in reported pregnancy rates with sexed and frozen semen in domestic equids, and the ultimate Success of AT in wild equids will require continued research into the "stallion effect", extenders and cryoprotectants, optimal volume and number of spermatozoa, temperatures during handling, processing an transport, and insemination techniques. In both camelids and equids, research on domestic Species under controlled conditions provides and excellent Opportunity to develop effective semen handling techniques for application in wild and endangered species of the respective families. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, G. P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Ratto, M. H.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Vet Sci, Valdivia, Chile. [Collins, C. W.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. [Bergfelt, D. R.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Adams, GP (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. EM gregg.adams@usask.ca NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 SI SI BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.005 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 382RW UT WOS:000261624100021 PM 18922569 ER PT J AU Fiorino, DJ AF Fiorino, Daniel J. BE Mazmanian, DA Kraft, ME TI Regulating for the Future: A New Approach for Environmental Governance SO TOWARD SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES: TRANSITION AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, SECOND EDITION SE American and Comparative Environmental Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Fiorino, Daniel J.] US EPA, Performance Track program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fiorino, Daniel J.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fiorino, Daniel J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Fiorino, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Performance Track program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-13492-7 J9 AM COMP ENVIRON POLI PY 2009 SI 2nd BP 63 EP 86 PG 24 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BSB16 UT WOS:000284052200005 ER PT J AU Renne, R Brix, A Harkema, J Herbert, R Kittel, B Lewis, D March, T Nagano, K Pino, M Rittinghausen, S Rosenbruch, M Tellier, P Wohrmann, T AF Renne, Roger Brix, Amy Harkema, Jack Herbert, Ron Kittel, Birgit Lewis, David March, Thomas Nagano, Kasuke Pino, Michael Rittinghausen, Susanne Rosenbruch, Martin Tellier, Pierre Wohrmann, Thomas TI Proliferative and Nonproliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Respiratory Tract SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE respiratory system; lesions of the rat respiratory system; lesions of the mouse respiratory system ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; FISCHER 344 RATS; BETA-OXIDIZED DIPROPYLNITROSAMINE; CYTOKERATIN EXPRESSION PATTERNS; TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE PARTICLES; LONG-TERM INHALATION; NASAL CAVITY TUMORS; CLARA CELL ADENOMAS AB The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP). Great Britain (BSTP). Japan (JSPT) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the respiratory tract of laboratory rats and mice, with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http.//www gorem org/) Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous developmental and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for respiratory tract lesions in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists. C1 [Renne, Roger] Roger Renne ToxPath Consulting, Sumner, WA USA. [Brix, Amy] Expt Pathol Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Harkema, Jack] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Herbert, Ron] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kittel, Birgit] Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Basel, Switzerland. [Lewis, David] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Ware, Herts, England. [March, Thomas] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Nagano, Kasuke] Japan Ind Safety & Hlth Assoc, Japan Bioassay Res Ctr, Kanagawa, Japan. [Pino, Michael] Sanofi Aventis, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Rittinghausen, Susanne] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Hannover, Germany. [Rosenbruch, Martin] Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany. [Tellier, Pierre] Charles River Labs, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Wohrmann, Thomas] Nycomed GmbH, Inst Pharmacol & Preclin Drug Safety Haidkrugsweg, Barsbuttel, Germany. RP Renne, R (reprint author), Roger Renne ToxPath Consulting, Sumner, WA USA. NR 275 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2009 VL 37 IS 7 BP 5S EP 73S DI 10.1177/0192623309353423 PG 69 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 529YS UT WOS:000272556100001 PM 20032296 ER PT J AU Rider, CV Wilson, VS Howdeshell, KL Hotchkiss, AK Furr, JR Lambright, CR Gray, LE AF Rider, Cynthia V. Wilson, Vickie S. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Furr, Johnathan R. Lambright, Christy R. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Cumulative Effects of In Utero Administration of Mixtures of "Antiandrogens" on Male Rat Reproductive Development SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproductive system; male reproduction; endocrine disrupters ID ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; WOLFFIAN DUCT DEVELOPMENT; ANTI-ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY; PHASE-2 DOSE-RESPONSE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGENS; HERSHBERGER ASSAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB Although risk assessments are typically conducted on a chemical-by-chemical basis the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) required the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to consider cumulative risk of chemicals that act via a common mechanism of toxicity. To this end, U we are conducting studies with mixtures to provide a framework for assessing the cumulative effects of "antiandrogenic" chemicals. Rats were dosed during pregnancy with antiandrogens singly or in pairs at dosage levels equivalent to about one half of the ED(50) for hypospadias or epididymal agenesis. The pairs include: AR antagonists (vinclozolin plus procymidone), phthalate esters (DBP plus and DEHP plus DBP), a phthalate ester plus an AR antagonist (DBP plus procymidone) and linuron plus BBP. We predicted that each chemical by itself would induce few malformations; however by mixing any two chemicals together, about 50% of the males would be malformed. All binary combinations produced cumulative, dose-additive effects on the androgen-dependent tissues. We also conducted a mixture study combining seven "antiandrogens" together. These chemicals elicit antiandrogenic effects at two different sites in the androgen signaling pathway (i.e., AR antagonist or inhibition of androgen synthesis). In this study, the complex mixture behaved in a dose-additive manner. Our results indicate that compounds that act by disparate mechanisms of toxicity display cumulative, dose-additive effects when present in combination. C1 [Rider, Cynthia V.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Howdeshell, Kembra L.; Hotchkiss, Andrew K.; Furr, Johnathan R.; Lambright, Christy R.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] NHEERL, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, ORD,US Environm Protect Agcy,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. [Rider, Cynthia V.; Hotchkiss, Andrew K.] N Carolina State Univ, USEPA Cooperat Training Grant CT826512010, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), NHEERL, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, ORD,US Environm Protect Agcy,RTP, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 82 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.1177/0192623308329478 PG 14 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463XE UT WOS:000267466500012 PM 19147833 ER PT J AU Ramot, Y Nyska, A Lieuallen, W Maly, A Zlotogorski, A Flake, G Kissling, G Brix, A Malarkey, D Hooth, M AF Ramot, Yuval Nyska, Abraham Lieuallen, Warren Maly, Alex Zlotogorski, Abraham Flake, Gordon Kissling, Grace Brix, Amy Malarkey, David Hooth, Michelle TI Inflammatory and Chloracne-Like Skin Lesions in B6C3F1 Mice Exposed to Tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) for Two Years SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ramot, Yuval; Maly, Alex; Zlotogorski, Abraham] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lieuallen, Warren] Pathol Associates Inc, Charles River Labs, Durham, NC USA. [Flake, Gordon; Brix, Amy; Malarkey, David] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kissling, Grace] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hooth, Michelle] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 MA P44 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463XE UT WOS:000267466500058 ER PT J AU Pagan, I Haber, L Dodge, D AF Pagan, Ines Haber, Lynne Dodge, David TI Pathophysiological Continuum Framework for Selected Toxicological Endpoints Used in Risk Assessments SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pagan, Ines] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Haber, Lynne] TERA, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Dodge, David] Gradient Corp, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 MA P74 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463XE UT WOS:000267466500087 ER PT J AU Szabo, DT Richardson, VM Ross, DG Diliberto, JJ Kodavanti, PRS Birnbaum, LS AF Szabo, David T. Richardson, Vicki M. Ross, David G. Diliberto, Janet J. Kodavanti, Prasada R. S. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Effects of Perinatal PBDE Exposure on Hepatic Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and Deiodinase 1 Gene Expression Involved in Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Male Rat Pups SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; TAUROCHOLATE COTRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDE; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; 3,5,3'-TRIIODOTHYRONINE SULFATE; REVERSE TRIIODOTHYRONINE AB Previous studies demonstrated that perinatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a major class of brominated flame retardants, may affect thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations by inducing hepatic uridinediphosphate-glucoronosyltransferases (UGTs). This study further examines effects of the commercial penta mixture, DE-71, on genes related to TH metabolism at different developmental time points in male rats. DE-71 is predominately composed of PBDE congeners 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 with low levels of brominated dioxin and dibenzofuran contaminants. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were orally administered 1.7 (low), 10.2 (mid), or 30.6 (high) mg/kg/day of DE-71 in corn oil from gestational day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. Serum and liver were collected from male pups at PND 4, 21, and 60. Total serum thyroxine (T(4)) decreased to 57% (mid) and 51% (high) on PND 4, and 46% (mid) dose and 25% (high) on PND 21. Cyp1a1, Cyp2b1/2, and Cyp3a1 enzyme and mRNA expression, regulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and pregnane xenobiotic receptor, respectively, increased in a dose-dependent manner. UGT-T(4) enzymatic activity significantly increased, whereas age and dose-dependent effects were observed for Ugt1a6, 1a7, and 2b mRNA. Sult1b1 mRNA expression increased, whereas that of transthyretin (Ttr) decreased as did both the deiodinase I (D1) enzyme activity and mRNA expression. Hepatic efflux transporters Mdr1 (multidrug resistance), Mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), and Mrp3 and influx transporter Oatp1a4 mRNA expression increased. In this study the most sensitive responses to PBDEs following DE-71 exposure were CYP2B and D1 activities and Cyb2b1/2, d1, Mdr1, Mrp2, and Mrp3 gene expression. All responses were reversible by PND 60. In conclusion, deiodination, active transport, and sulfation, in addition to glucuronidation, may be involved in disruption of TH homeostasis due to perinatal exposure to DE-71 in male rat offspring. C1 [Szabo, David T.] Univ N Carolina Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Richardson, Vicki M.; Ross, David G.; Diliberto, Janet J.; Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Expt Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kodavanti, Prasada R. S.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Szabo, DT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, 109 TWAlexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Szabo.David@epa.gov FU National Institutes of Health [T32 ES007126]; Environmental Protection Agency [CR 833237] FX National Institutes of Health (T32 ES007126); and Environmental Protection Agency (CR 833237) predoctoral training grants. NR 85 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn230 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 386NM UT WOS:000261889900004 PM 18978342 ER PT J AU Zorrilla, LM Gibson, EK Jeffay, SC Crofton, KM Setzer, WR Cooper, RL Stoker, TE AF Zorrilla, Leah M. Gibson, Emily K. Jeffay, Susan C. Crofton, Kevin M. Setzer, Woodrow R. Cooper, Ralph L. Stoker, Tammy E. TI The Effects of Triclosan on Puberty and Thyroid Hormones in Male Wistar Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; IN-VIVO EXPOSURE; 2,4,4'-TRICHLORO-2'-HYDROXYDIPHENYL ETHER; CHLORINATED DERIVATIVES; DIPHENYL ETHERS; AGENT TRICLOSAN; RISK-ASSESSMENT; END-POINTS; INDUCTION; LIVER AB Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a potent antibacterial and antifungal compound that is widely used in personal care products, plastics, and fabrics. Recently triclosan has been shown to alter endocrine function in a variety of species. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of triclosan on pubertal development and thyroid hormone concentrations in the male rat. Weanling rats were exposed to 0, 3, 30, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg of triclosan by oral gavage from postnatal day (PND) 23 to 53. Preputial separation (PPS) was examined beginning on PND 33. Rats were killed on PND 53, organ weights were recorded and serum was collected for subsequent analysis. Triclosan did not affect growth or the onset of PPS. Serum testosterone was significantly decreased at 200 mg/kg, however no effects were observed on androgen-dependent reproductive tissue weights. Triclosan significantly decreased total serum thyroxine (T4) in a dose-dependent manner at 30 mg/kg and higher (no observed effect level of 3 mg/kg). Triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly decreased only at 200 mg/kg, but thyroid stimulating hormone was not statistically different at any dose. Liver weights were significantly increased at 100 mg/kg triclosan and above suggesting that the induction of hepatic enzymes may have contributed to the altered T4 and T3 concentrations, but it does not appear to correlate with the T4 dose-response. This study demonstrates that triclosan exposure does not alter androgen-dependent tissue weights or onset of PPS; however, triclosan exposure significantly impacts thyroid hormone concentrations in the male juvenile rat. C1 [Stoker, Tammy E.] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zorrilla, Leah M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Setzer, Woodrow R.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL,Off Res & Dev, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stoker.tammy@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency/North Carolina State [CR 83323501] FX United States Environmental Protection Agency/North Carolina State University Cooperative Training agreement (CR 83323501) to L. M. Z. NR 53 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 7 U2 46 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn225 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 386NM UT WOS:000261889900006 PM 18940961 ER PT J AU Li, Z Wright, FA Royland, J AF Li, Zhen Wright, Fred A. Royland, Joyce TI Age-Dependent Variability in Gene Expression in Male Fischer 344 Rat Retina SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 05-09, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Toxicol ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BRAIN; BIOLOGY; DEGENERATION; ASSOCIATION; VARIANCE; TURNOVER; LIFETIME; DECLINE AB Recent evidence suggests that older adults may be a sensitive population with regard to environmental exposure to toxic compounds. One source of this sensitivity could be an enhanced variability in response. Studies on phenotypic differences have suggested that variation in response does increase with age. However, few reports address the question of variation in gene expression as an underlying cause for increased variability of phenotypic response in the aged. In this study, we utilized global analysis to compare variation in constitutive gene expression in the retinae of young (4 months), middle-aged (11 months), and aged (23 months) Fischer 344 rats. Three hundred and forty transcripts were identified in which variance in expression increased from 4 to 23 months of age, while only 12 transcripts were found for which it decreased. Functional roles for identified genes were clustered in basic biological categories including cell communication, function, metabolism, and response to stimuli. Our data suggest that population stochastically induced variability should be considered in assessing sensitivity due to old age. C1 [Royland, Joyce] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27712 USA. [Li, Zhen; Wright, Fred A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Carolina Environm Bioinformat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Royland, J (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27712 USA. EM royland.joyce@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES005948] NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn215 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 386NM UT WOS:000261889900027 PM 18936298 ER PT J AU Wallenborn, JG Kovalcik, KD Mcgee, JK Landis, MS Kodavanti, UR AF Wallenborn, J. Grace Kovalcik, Kasey D. McGee, John K. Landis, Matthew S. Kodavanti, Urmila R. TI Systemic translocation of (70)Zinc: Kinetics following intratracheal instillation in rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Air pollution; Kinetics; Metals; Translocation ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSITION-METALS; ZINC-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; MATTER; EXPOSURE; METALLOTHIONEIN; MITOCHONDRIA; INFLAMMATION AB Mechanisms of particulate matter (PM)-induced cardiotoxicity are not fully understood. Direct translocition of PM-associated metals, including zinc, may mediate this effect. We hypothesized that following a single intratracheal instillation (IT), zinc directly translocates outside of the lungs, reaching the heart. To test this, We used high resolution magnetic sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure levels of five stable isotopes of zinc (Zn-64, Zn-64, (67)zn, (68)zn, Zn-70), and copper ill lungs, plasma, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney of mile Wistar Kyoto rats (13 weeks old, 250-300 g), 1, 4, 24, and 48 h following a single IT or oral gavage of saline or 0.7 mu mol/rat Zn-70, using a solution enriched with 76.6% Zn-70. Natural abundance of Zn-70 is 0.62%, making it an easily detectable tracer following exposure. In IT rats, lung Zn-70 was highest I h post IT and declined by 48 h. Liver endogenous zinc was increased 24 and 48 h post IT. Zn-70 was detected in all extrapulmonary organs, with levels higher following IT than following gavage. Heart Zn-70 was highest 48 h post IT. Liver, spleen and kidney Zn-70 peaked 4 h following gavage, and 24 h following IT. 70Zn IT exposure elicited changes in copper homeostasis in all tissues. IT instilled Zn-70 translocates from lungs into systemic circulation. Route of exposure affects Zn-70 translocation kinetics. Our data suggests that following pulmonary exposure, zinc accumulation and Subsequent changes in normal metal homeostasis in the heart and other organs could induce cardiovascular injury. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallenborn, J. Grace] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kovalcik, Kasey D.; Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [McGee, John K.; Kodavanti, Urmila R.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, Expt Toxicol Div,Pulm Toxicol Branch, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Wallenborn, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wallenborn.grace@epa.gov RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 234 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.024 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 397SL UT WOS:000262682300003 PM 18973770 ER PT S AU Kolpin, DW Battaglin, WA Conn, KE Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST Kalkhoff, SJ Meyer, MT Schnoebelen, DJ AF Kolpin, Dana W. Battaglin, William A. Conn, Kathleen E. Furlong, Edward T. Glassmeyer, Susan T. Kalkhoff, Steven J. Meyer, Michael T. Schnoebelen, Douglas J. BE Boxall, ABA TI Occurrence of Transformation Products in the Environment SO TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ground water; Surface water; Transformation products ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; IN-GROUND WATER; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SURFACE WATERS; HERBICIDE CONCENTRATIONS AB Historically, most environmental occurrence research has focused on the parent compounds of organic contaminants. Research, however, has documented that the environmental transport of chemicals, such as pesticides and emerging contaminants, are substantially underestimated if transformation products are not considered. Although most examples described herein were drawn from research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, such results are generally reflective of those found in other parts of the world. Results from a study of 51 streams in the Midwestern United States found that transformation products were seven of the ten most frequently detected pesticide compounds in late spring runoff (after application of pre-emergent herbicides), and nine of the ten most frequently detected compounds in fall season runoff (during and after harvest). In fact, 70% of the total herbicide concentration in water from the Mississippi River Basin was from transformation products. Results from a study of 86 municipal wells in Iowa found the frequency of detection increased from 17%, when pesticide parent compounds were considered, to 53%, when both parents and transformation products were considered. Transformation products were 12 of the 15 most frequently detected compounds for this groundwater study. Although studies on transformation products of synthetic organic compounds other than pesticides are not as common, wastewater treatment plant discharges have repeatedly been shown to contribute such transformation products to streams. In addition, select detergent transformation products have been commonly found in solid waste in the 1000's mg/kg. These findings and many others document that transformation products must be considered to fully assess the potential environmental occurrence of chemical contaminants and their transport and fate in various compartments of the hydrologic system. C1 [Kolpin, Dana W.; Kalkhoff, Steven J.; Schnoebelen, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Battaglin, William A.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Conn, Kathleen E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov RI Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-6863 BN 978-3-540-88272-5 J9 HANDB ENVIRON CHEM JI Handb. Environ. Chem. PY 2009 VL 2 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1007/698_2_011 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-88273-2 PN P PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLY70 UT WOS:000271458600004 ER PT J AU Gallivan, F Bailey, K O'Rourke, L AF Gallivan, Frank Bailey, Kathleen O'Rourke, Larry TI Planning for Impacts of Climate Change at US Ports SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB U.S. ports need to better understand climate change and how it may affect them. In the coming decades, ports are likely to experience higher sea levels and storm surges, as well as other direct and indirect impacts, due to climate change. Most ports do not appear to be thinking about, let alone actively preparing to address, the effects of climate change. Ports do not have specific information about either the types of impacts that they can expect on their facilities or the probabilities of different types of impacts occurring. Although climate change science is making considerable advances, projections of impacts at levels smaller than the regional scale are not available. In addition, ports' typical planning processes are ill equipped to respond to the high levels of uncertainty associated with the impacts of climate change, the timescales of climate change, and the geographical scale of climate change. The data that ports typically use for planning purposes do not incorporate climate change forecasts. Some ports allo believe that climate change does not pose an immediate threat to their facilities. However, several ports are beginning to think about how to prepare for climate change. These include the Port of Miami (Miami, Florida), the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the Massachusetts Port Authority, the Port of Seattle (Seattle, Washington), the Port of Corpus Christi (Corpus Christi, Texas), and the Georgia Ports Authority. To help these and other ports assess their risk, more and better data are needed, as well as better planning tools and methods. C1 [Gallivan, Frank] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. [Bailey, Kathleen] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [O'Rourke, Larry] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Gallivan, F (reprint author), ICF Int, 394 Pacific Ave,2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. EM fgallivan@icfi.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation FX Research for this paper was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2009 IS 2100 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.3141/2100-02 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 493CM UT WOS:000269710900003 ER PT B AU Andersen, SO Velders, GJM Canan, P AF Andersen, Stephen O. Velders, Guns J. M. Canan, Penelope BE Zerefos, C Contopoulos, G Skalkeas, G TI How Science Guides Industry Choice of Alternatives to Ozone-Depleting Substances SO TWENTY YEARS OF OZONE DECLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium for the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol 2007 CY SEP, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP United Nat Environm Programme, Int Ozone Commiss, Acad Athens, Mariolopoulos Kanaginis Fdn DE Climate; leadership; Montreal Protocol; ozone; science AB This chapter documents how scientific discovery and international cooperation protect the stratospheric ozone layer and the climate. It describes how citizens, nongovernmental organizations, policy makers, and company executives historically responded to new discoveries in stratospheric ozone science and how new scientific discoveries have motivated the strengthening of the Montreal Protocol by accelerating the phaseout of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). At each stage of a historic scientific breakthrough, a different set of actors were the drivers of social change. Using case studies, we identify similarities and differences in how science is important to the evolving policy to protect the Earth for future generations. This chapter contrasts the historic response to science regarding chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) with the current policy response to new scientific evidence that was the foundation of the recent global agreement accelerating the HCFC phaseout under the Montreal Protocol. The new science quantifies how the HCFC phaseout can significantly protect the climate in the immediate future, particularly if low-Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants, not-in-kind alternatives, and high-efficiency technologies are encouraged by regulatory, market, and other incentives. Finally, the spatial relationship between significant scientific announcements and several of the path-breaking corporate leadership pledges that transformed markets toward ozone-safe technology are introduced. C1 [Andersen, Stephen O.] US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 6202 J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Velders, Guns J. M.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Canan, Penelope] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Andersen, SO (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 6202 J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Andersen.Stephen@epa.gov; guus.velders@PBL.nl; pcanan@mail.ucf.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2468-8 PY 2009 BP 407 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_31 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKP72 UT WOS:000268885100031 ER PT J AU Ye, P Kong, L Lemley, AT AF Ye, Peng Kong, Lingjun Lemley, Ann T. TI Kinetics of Carbaryl Degradation by Anodic Fenton Treatment in a Humic-Acid-Amended Artificial Soil Slurry SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fenton reaction; anodic Fenton treatment; degradation kinetic model; carbaryl; soil; pesticide ID CATALYZED HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CONTAMINATED SOILS; 2,4-D DEGRADATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; OXIDATION; REMEDIATION; REAGENT; WATER; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; DETOXIFICATION AB A Fenton-based indirect electrochemical method, anodic Fenton treatment (AFT), developed for destroying and detoxifying pesticides in the aqueous environment, was evaluated for the degradation of a widely used pesticide, carbaryl, in an artificial soil slurry. More than 90% of carbaryl was removed in less than 20 minutes under given experimental conditions. The effect of initial slurry pH, humic acid content, initial carbaryl concentration, Fenton reagent delivery ratio, and soil/water ratio (w/v) were investigated. The results indicate that humic acid content is the key factor that slows down pesticide degradation, most probably because of its pH buffering and adsorption capacity. A kinetic model, which was shown to fit the experimental data quite well (R(2) > 0.99), was developed to describe the carbaryl degradation in the soil slurry during the AFT process. In the presence of humic acid, carbaryl degradation kinetics was found to shift to a pseudo-first-order reaction after an "initiation'' stage. Water Environ. Res., 81, 29 (2009). C1 [Ye, Peng; Lemley, Ann T.] Cornell Univ, FSAD, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ye, Peng; Lemley, Ann T.] Cornell Univ, Grad Field Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kong, Lingjun] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Lemley, AT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, FSAD, 239 MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM atl2@cornell.edu FU College of Human Ecology; Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University; Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station [NYC-329806]; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture FX The study was funded, in part, by the College of Human Ecology and the Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University (Ithaca, New York) and, in part, by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds, Project No. NYC-329806 (W-1045), received from the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture (Washington, D. C.). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.2175/106143008X304622 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 408DR UT WOS:000263414600004 PM 19280897 ER PT J AU Petterson, SR Dumoutier, N Loret, JF Ashbolt, NJ AF Petterson, S. R. Dumoutier, N. Loret, J. F. Ashbolt, N. J. TI Quantitative Bayesian predictions of source water concentration for QMRA from presence/absence data for E. coli O157:H7 SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drinking water; E. coli O157; Hierarchical Bayes; QMRA; recovery ID PROTECTION-AGENCY METHOD-1623; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; PREVALENCE AB A hierarchical Bayesian framework was applied for describing variability in pathogen concentration (with associated uncertainty) from presence/absence observations for E. coli O157:H7. Laboratory spiking experiments (method performance) and environmental sample assays were undertaken for a surface drinking water source in France. The concentration estimates were strongly dependent upon the assumed statistical model used (gamma, log-gamma or log-gamma constrained), highlighting the need for a solid theoretical basis for model choice. Bayesian methods facilitate the incorporation of additional data into the statistical analysis; this was illustrated using faecal indicator results of E. coli (Colilert (R)) to reduce the posterior parameter uncertainty and improve model stability. While conceptually simple, application of these methods is still specialised, hence there is a need for the development of data analysis tools to make Bayesian simulation techniques more accessible for QMRA practitioners. C1 [Petterson, S. R.] Water & Hlth Pty Ltd, Parramalla, NSW 2124, Australia. [Petterson, S. R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Dumoutier, N.; Loret, J. F.] Suez Environm, F-78230 Le Pecq, France. [Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Petterson, SR (reprint author), Water & Hlth Pty Ltd, POB 1, Parramalla, NSW 2124, Australia. EM s.petterson@waterandhealth.com.au NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11 BP 2245 EP 2252 DI 10.2166/wst.2009.264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 455RU UT WOS:000266782900020 PM 19494465 ER PT S AU Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, M Andersen, C Riebau, A AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael Andersen, Christian Riebau, Allen BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Wildland Fires and Air Pollution Introduction SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Arbaugh, Michael] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Andersen, Christian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Riebau, Allen] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; marbaugh@fs.fed.us; Andersen.Christian@epamail.epa.gov; ariebau@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP XLV EP XLVII PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800002 ER PT S AU Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Andersen, C Riebau, AR AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael J. Andersen, Christian Riebau, Allen R. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Integrating Research on Wildland Fires and Air Quality: Needs and Recommendations SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CALIFORNIA AB A summary is presented that integrates general information on the causes and effects of wildland fires and emissions with various ecological impacts of forest fires and air pollution in forests and other ecosystems. We also synthesize information on the regional effects of wildland fires on ambient air quality in Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia, and how this may impact visibility and human health and security. In addition, advances in remote sensing (RS), modeling, and management of wildland fires and the resulting air pollution are summarized. We also provide information for researchers and managers on the most important needs and recommendations about the interactions of wildland fires and air pollution that have been discussed in this book. C1 [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Arbaugh, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Andersen, Christian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Riebau, Allen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res & Dev, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; marbaugh@fs.fed.us; Andersen.Christian@epamail.epa.gov; ariebau@msn.com NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 585 EP 602 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00026-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800028 ER PT J AU Fore, LS Karr, JR Fisher, WS Davis, WS AF Fore, Leska S. Karr, James R. Fisher, William S. Davis, Wayne S. TI Making Waves with the Clean Water Act SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Fore, Leska S.] Stat Design, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Fisher, William S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Davis, Wayne S.] US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Fore, LS (reprint author), Stat Design, 136 NW 40th St, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM leska@seanet.com NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5909 BP 1788 EP 1788 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 385FF UT WOS:000261799400026 PM 19095922 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Ayyampalayam, SN Carreira, LA AF Hilal, Said H. Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj N. Carreira, Lionel A. TI Air-Liquid Partition Coefficient for a Diverse Set of Organic Compounds: Henry's. Law Constant in Water and Hexadecane SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SURFACE AERATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MASS-TRANSFER; CHEMICALS; HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINANTS; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE AB The SPARC vapor pressure and activity coefficient models were coupled to successfully estimate Henry's Law Constant (HLC) in water and in hexadecane for a wide range of organic compounds without modification to, or additional parametrization of, either SPARC model. The vapor pressure model quantifies the solute-solute intermolecular interactions in the pure liquid phase, whereas the activity coefficient model quantifies the solute-solvent and solvent-solvent (in addition to the solute-solute) interactions upon placing solute, i, in solvent, j. These intermolecular interactions are factored into dispersion, induction, dipole-dipole, and H-bonding components upon moving a solute molecule from the gas to the liquid phase. The SPARC HLC calculator so produced was tested and validated on the largest experimental HLC data set to date: 1356 organic solutes, spanning a wide range of functional groups, dipolarities and H-bonding capabilities, such as PAHs, PCBs, VOCs, amides, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. The rms deviation errors for the calculated versus experimental log HLCs for 1222 compounds in water and 563 in hexadecane were 0.456 and 0.192 log [(mol/L)/(mol/L)l units, respectively, spanning a range of more than 13 and 20 log HLC dimensionless units for the compounds in water and hexadecane, respectively. The SPARC calculator web version is available for public use, free of charge, and can be accessed at http://sparc.chem.uga.edu. C1 [Hilal, Said H.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj N.; Carreira, Lionel A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hilal, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hilal.said@epa.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 9231 EP 9236 DI 10.1021/es8005783 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MX UT WOS:000261678800039 PM 19174897 ER PT J AU Genaidy, AM Sequeira, R Tolaymat, T Kohler, J Rinder, M AF Genaidy, A. M. Sequeira, R. Tolaymat, T. Kohler, J. Rinder, M. TI An exploratory study of lead recovery in lead-acid battery lifecycle in US market: An evidence-based approach SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lead-acid batteries; Lifecycle assessment; Recycling; Recovery; Sustainable ID WASTE MANAGEMENT; SECONDARY LEAD; SYSTEMS; METALS; TECHNOLOGIES; INDUSTRY; SCIENCE; MODEL; SCRAP; BONE AB Background: This research examines lead recovery and recycling in lead-acid batteries (LAB) which account for 88% of US lead consumption. We explore strategies to maximize lead recovery and recycling in the LAB lifecycle. Currently, there is limited information on recycling rates for LAB in the published literature and is derived from a single source. Therefore, its recycling efforts in the US has been unclear so as to determine the maximum opportunities for metal recovery and recycling in the face of significant demands for LAB particularly in the auto industry. Objectives: The research utilizes an evidence-based approach to: (1) determine recycling rates for lead recovery in the LAB product lifecycle for the US market; and (2) quantify and identify opportunities where lead recovery and recycling can be improved. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search of the published literature was conducted to gather information on different LAB recycling models and actual data used to calculate recycling rates based on product lifecycle for the US market to identify strategies for increasing lead recovery and recycling. Results: The electronic search yielded five models for calculating LAB recycling rates. The description of evidence was documented for each model. Furthermore, an integrated model was developed to identify and quantify the maximum opportunities for lead recovery and recycling. Results showed that recycling rates declined during the period spanning from 1999 to 2006. opportunities were identified for recovery and recycling of lead in the LAB product lifecycle. Concluding remarks: One can deduce the following from the analyses undertaken in this report: (1) lead recovery and recycling has been stable between 1999 and 2006; (2) lead consumption has increased at an annual rate of 2.25%, thus, the values derived in this study for opportunities dealing with lead recovery and recycling underestimate the amount of lead in scrap and waste generated; and (3) the opportunities for maximizing lead recovery and recycling are centered on spent batteries left with consumers, mishandled LAB sent to auto wreckers, slag resulting from recycling technology process inefficiencies, and lead lost in municipal waste. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Genaidy, A. M.; Sequeira, R.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Tolaymat, T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kohler, J.] US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rinder, M.] WorldTek Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Genaidy, AM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM ash.genaidy@uc.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its National Risk Management Laboratory FX This study was supported by a grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency through its National Risk Management Laboratory. This paper has not been subjected to the Agency's internal review. Therefore, the research results presented herein do not, necessarily, reflect the views of the Agency or its policy. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 407 IS 1 BP 7 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.043 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386IW UT WOS:000261877900002 PM 18848719 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Stlbramaniam, RP Grafstrom, RC AF Thompson, Chad M. Stlbramaniam, Ravi P. Grafstrom, Roland C. TI Mechanistic and dose considerations for supporting adverse pulmonary physiology in response to formaldehyde SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formaldehyde; Asthma; S-nitrosoglutathione; Dosimetry; ADH3 ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RHESUS-MONKEYS AB Induction of airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma from formaldehyde inhalation exposure remains a debated and controversial issue. Yet, recent evidences on pulmonary biology and the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of formaldehyde lend support for such adverse effects. Specifically, altered thiol biology from accelerated enzymatic reduction of the endogenous bronchodilator S-nitrosoglutathione and Pulmonary inflammation from involvement of Th2-mediated immune responses might serve as key events and cooperate in airway pathophysiology. Understanding what role these mechanisms play in various species and lifestages (e.g., child vs. adult) could be crucial for making more meaningful inter- and intro-species dosimetric extrapolations in human health risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Thompson, Chad M.; Stlbramaniam, Ravi P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Grafstrom, Roland C.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grafstrom, Roland C.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, FIN-25021 Turku, Finland. RP Thompson, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8623-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Thompson.Chad@epa.gov RI Grafstrom, Roland/N-7217-2016 NR 79 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.011 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 383ZZ UT WOS:000261714400001 PM 18851987 ER PT J AU Tal, TL Bromberg, PA Kim, Y Samet, JM AF Tal, Tamara L. Bromberg, Philip A. Kim, Yumee Samet, James M. TI Epidermal growth factor receptor activation by diesel particles is mediated by tyrosine phosphatase inhibition SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diesel exhaust particle; Inflammation; Protein tyrosine phosphatase; Epidermal growth factor receptor ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OIL FLY-ASH; EXHAUST PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; PHOSPHORYLATION; INACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; TOXICITY; METAL; 1B AB Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are a major component of ambient PM and may contribute to PM-induced pulmonary inflammation. Proinflammatory signaling is mediated by phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways whose activation is opposed by the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) which thereby function to maintain signaling quiescence. PTPases contain an invariant catalytic cysteine that is susceptible to electrophilic attack. DEP contain electrophilic oxy-organic compounds that may contribute to the oxidant effects of PM. Therefore, we hypothesized that exposure to DEP impairs PTPase activity allowing for unopposed basal kinase activity. Here we report that exposure to 30 mu g/cm(2) DEP for 4 h induces differential activation of signaling in primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells (HAEC), a primary target cell in PM inhalation. In-gel kinase activity assay of HAEC exposed to DEN of low (L-DEP), intermediate (I-DEP) or high (H-DEP) organic content showed differential activation of intracellular kinases. Exposure to these DEP also induced varying levels of phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR in a manner that requires EGFR kinase activity but does not involve receptor dimerization. We demonstrate that treatment with DEP results in an impairment of total and EGFR-directed PTPase activity in HAEC with a potency that is independent of the organic content of these particles. These data show that DEP-induced EGFR phosphorylation in HAEC is the result of a loss of PTPase activities which normally function to dephosphorylate EGFR in opposition to baseline EGFR kinase activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tal, Tamara L.; Samet, James M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kim, Yumee] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Samet, James M.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div MD 58D, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 Mason Farm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.james@epa.gov FU NIEHS [T32 ES007126]; EPA [T829472] FX This work was supported by the NIEHS training grant T32 ES007126 and EPA training grant T829472. We are grateful to Lisa Dailey for providing primary normal human airway epithelial cells. We thank Rob Silbajoris for his comments on this manuscript and Dr. Ana Rappold for her statistical advice. We are grateful to Dr. M. fan Gilmour for providing us with I-DEP and H-DEP. The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3 BP 382 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.013 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 383ZZ UT WOS:000261714400004 PM 18926838 ER PT J AU Boon, K Tomfohr, JK Bailey, NW Garantziotis, S Li, ZW Brass, DM Maruoka, S Hollingsworth, JW Schwartz, DA AF Boon, Kathy Tomfohr, John K. Bailey, Nathaniel W. Garantziotis, Stavros Li, Zhuowei Brass, David M. Maruoka, Shuichiro Hollingsworth, John W. Schwartz, David A. TI Evaluating genome-wide DNA methylation changes in mice by Methylation Specific Digital Karyotyping SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID EPIGENETIC CHANGES; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIGENOMICS; COREST; GENES AB Background: The study of genome-wide DNA methylation changes has become more accessible with the development of various array-based technologies though when studying species other than human the choice of applications are limited and not always within reach. In this study, we adapted and tested the applicability of Methylation Specific Digital Karyotyping (MSDK), a non-array based method, for the prospective analysis of epigenetic changes after perinatal nutritional modifications in a mouse model of allergic airway disease. MSDK is a sequenced based method that allows a comprehensive and unbiased methylation profiling. The method generates 21 base pairs long sequence tags derived from specific locations in the genome. The resulting tag frequencies determine in a quantitative manner the methylation level of the corresponding loci. Results: Genomic DNA from whole lung was isolated and subjected to MSDK analysis using the methylation-sensitive enzyme Not I as the mapping enzyme and Nla III as the fragmenting enzyme. In a pair wise comparison of the generated mouse MSDK libraries we identified 158 loci that are significantly differentially methylated (P-value = 0.05) after perinatal dietary changes in our mouse model. Quantitative methylation specific PCR and sequence analysis of bisulfate modified genomic DNA confirmed changes in methylation at specific loci. Differences in genomic MSDK tag counts for a selected set of genes, correlated well with changes in transcription levels as measured by real-time PCR. Furthermore serial analysis of gene expression profiling demonstrated a dramatic difference in expressed transcripts in mice exposed to perinatal nutritional changes. Conclusion: The genome-wide methylation survey applied in this study allowed for an unbiased methylation profiling revealing subtle changes in DNA methylation in mice maternally exposed to dietary changes in methyl-donor content. The MSDK method is applicable for mouse models of complex human diseases in a mixed cell population and might be a valuable technology to determine whether environmental exposures can lead to epigenetic changes. C1 [Boon, Kathy; Tomfohr, John K.; Bailey, Nathaniel W.; Garantziotis, Stavros; Brass, David M.; Maruoka, Shuichiro; Schwartz, David A.] NHLBI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Li, Zhuowei; Brass, David M.; Hollingsworth, John W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Schwartz, David A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Schwartz, David A.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Boon, K (reprint author), NHLBI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM boonc@mail.nih.gov; tomfohr@gmail.com; getnatbailey@gmail.com; garantziotis@niehs.nih.gov; zhuowei.li@duke.edu; david.brass@duke.edu; maruokas@niehs.nih.gov; holli017@mc.duke.edu; schwartzd@njc.org RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X FU NIEHS; NHLBI Intramural Research Programs [HL091335] FX This work was supported by NIEHS and NHLBI Intramural Research Programs (DAS) and HL091335 (JWH). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 598 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-598 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 403VC UT WOS:000263109100003 PM 19077247 ER PT J AU Kang, DW Mathur, R Rao, ST Yu, SC AF Kang, Daiwen Mathur, Rohit Rao, S. Trivikrama Yu, Shaocai TI Bias adjustment techniques for improving ozone air quality forecasts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELING SYSTEMS; KALMAN-FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; UNITED-STATES; TIME SCALES; ETA-MODEL; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTIONS; VARIABLES AB In this study, we apply two bias adjustment techniques to help improve forecast accuracy by postprocessing air quality forecast model outputs. These techniques are applied to modeled ozone (O-3) forecasts over the continental United States during the summer of 2005. The first technique, referred to as the hybrid forecast (HF), combines the most recent observed ozone with model-predicted ozone tendency for the subsequent forecast time period. The second technique applied here is the Kalman filter (KF), which is a recursive, linear, and adaptive method that takes into account the temporal variation of forecast errors at a specific location. Two modifications to the Kalman filter are investigated. A key parameter in the KF approach is the error ratio, which determines the relative weighting of observed and forecast ozone values. This parameter is optimized to improve the prediction of ozone based on time series data at individual monitoring sites in the Aerometric Information Retrieval Now network. The optimal error ratios inherent in the KF algorithm implementation are found to vary across space; however, comparisons of the resultant KF-adjusted forecasts using a single fixed value of this parameter with those using the optimal values determined for each individual site reveal similar results, suggesting that the uncertainty in the estimation of this parameter does not have a significant impact on the final bias-adjusted predictions. The KF postprocessing is also combined with the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter, which extracts the intraday variability in the observed ozone time series; the results indicate a significant improvement in the ozone forecasts at locations in the Pacific coast region, but not as much at locations across the rest of the continental U. S. domain. Both HF and KF bias adjustment techniques help significantly reduce the systematic errors in ozone forecasts. For most of the global performance metrics examined, the KF approach performed better than the HF method. For the given model applications, both methods are effective in reducing biases at low ozone mixing ratio levels, but not as well at the high mixing ratio levels. This is due in part to the fact that high ambient ozone levels occur much less frequently than low to moderate levels for which the current model exhibits a systematic high bias. Additionally, the 12 km model grid structure is often unable to adequately capture the magnitude of peak O3 levels. Thus, these extreme events at discrete monitor locations are more difficult to predict. C1 [Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocai] Sci & Technol Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mathur, Rohit; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kang, DW (reprint author), Sci & Technol Corp, US EPA Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kang.daiwen@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DW13921548] FX The authors are grateful to Brian Eder and Kristen Foley for their constructive and insightful comments on initial drafts of this manuscript. We thank Luca Delle Monache and Roland B. Stull for providing their original Kalman filter code. This manuscript has greatly benefited from extensive constructive suggestions of three anonymous reviewers. The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement DW13921548. This work constitutes a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D23 AR D23308 DI 10.1029/2008JD010151 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 383JO UT WOS:000261670100006 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Ring-fused aminals: catalyst and solvent-free microwave-assisted alpha-amination of nitrogen heterocycles SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ring-fused animals; alpha-Amination; Solvent-free reaction; Catalyst-free reaction; Microwave-assisted synthesis ID AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; DERIVATIVES; AZACYCLOALKANES; CHEMISTRY AB A high-yield synthesis of ring-fused aminals via microwave (MW)-assisted alpha-amination of nitrogen heterocycles at 130 degrees C under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions is described. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vivekpol@yahoo.com; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX Vivek Polshettiwar was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 50 BP 7165 EP 7167 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.166 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 377CU UT WOS:000261230100020 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND Attwood, BC AF Hutson, Nick D. Attwood, Brian C. TI High temperature adsorption of CO(2) on various hydrotalcite-like compounds SO ADSORPTION-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADSORPTION SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Layered double hydroxides; LDH; Hydrotalcite; HTlc; CO(2) adsorption; Carbon capture ID PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION; LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; SORPTION; MECHANISM; SORBENTS; KINETICS; CAPTURE AB A study was conducted to describe and quantify how substitution of the divalent cation and interlayer charge compensating anions affect the CO(2) adsorptive capacity of various hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs). Physical and chemical properties of the HTlcs were evaluated using a number of methods and the CO(2) adsorption rate and capacity were measured at elevated temperature (603 K). The results showed that the synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring hydrotalcite mineral, [Mg(0.73)Al(0.27)(OH)(2)](CO(3))(0.13)center dot H(2)O, had the best overall adsorption capacity and kinetics. The stability of the adsorption capacity was tested by subjecting the model HTlc to 10 equilibrium adsorption and desorption cycles. At the end of the cycle, the HTlc had maintained approximately sixty-five percent of its initial capacity. Temperature programmed desorption of CO(2) was used to quantify the surface basicity of the various HTlcs. The results showed that the reversible physisorption portion of the CO(2) isotherm was correlated to the number of surface basic sites on the HTlcs. C1 [Hutson, Nick D.; Attwood, Brian C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov RI 孙, 兆松/E-8654-2011 FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) [BW89938167] FX Much of this work was performed at the U.S. EPA and supported, in part, by the appointment of Brian Attwood to the Postdoctoral Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an Interagency Agreement BW89938167 between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. EPA. Mention of trade names of commercial products and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 18 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5607 J9 ADSORPTION JI Adsorpt.-J. Int. Adsorpt. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s10450-007-9085-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 367KA UT WOS:000260549700004 ER PT J AU Matott, LS Rabideau, AJ AF Matott, L. Shawn Rabideau, Alan J. TI Calibration of complex subsurface reaction models using a surrogate-model approach SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Multiple models; Calibration; Parameter estimation; Surrogates; Subsurface modeling; Particle swarm optimization; Gauss Marquardt Levenberg ID WATER-DERIVED NITROGEN; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; MULTICOMPONENT SIMULATION; OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; OPTIMIZATION; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; SITE; BIODEGRADATION AB Automatic calibration of complex subsurface reaction models involves numerous difficulties, including the existence of multiple plausible models, parameter non-uniqueness, and excessive computational burden. To overcome these difficulties, this study investigated a novel procedure for performing simultaneous calibration of multiple models (SCMM). By combining a hybrid global-plus-polishing search heuristic with a biased-but-random adaptive model evaluation step, the new SCMM method calibrates multiple models via efficient exploration of the multi-model calibration space. Central algorithm components are an adaptive assignment of model preference weights, mapping functions relating the uncertain parameters of the alternative models, and a shuffling step that efficiently exploits pseudo-optimal configurations of the alternative models. The SCMM approach was applied to two nitrate contamination problems involving batch reactions and one-dimensional reactive transport. For the chosen problems, the new method produced improved model fits (i.e. up to 35% reduction in objective function) at significantly reduced computational expense (i.e. 40-90% reduction in model evaluations), relative to previously established benchmarks. Although the method was effective for the test cases, SCMM relies on a relatively ad-hoc approach to assigning intermediate preference weights and parameter mapping functions. Despite these limitations, the results of the numerical experiments are empirically promising and the reasoning and structure of the approach provide a strong foundation for further development. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matott, L. Shawn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rabideau, Alan J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Matott, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Matott.Shawn@epa.gov; rabideau@buffalo.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [BES-0202077, R82-7961]; US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science; National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) [DGE-9870668] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), award # BES-0202077, and by Grant # R82-7961 from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program. L. Shawn Matott was supported by the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) program in Geographic Information Science, award # DGE-9870668. This work was performed in part at SUNY-Buffalo's Center for Computational Research. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1697 EP 1707 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.08.006 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 388NP UT WOS:000262026800014 ER PT J AU Kim, S Martin, C Galanko, J Woosley, JT Schroeder, JC Keku, TO Satia, JA Halabi, S Sandler, RS AF Kim, Sangmi Martin, Christopher Galanko, Joseph Woosley, John T. Schroeder, Jane C. Keku, Temitope O. Satia, Jessie A. Halabi, Susan Sandler, Robert S. TI Use of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Distal Large Bowel Cancer in Whites and African Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE GENE POLYMORPHISMS; PREVENT COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COLON-CANCER; ANTICANCER AGENTS; WOMENS HEALTH; RISK; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; PRESCRIPTION AB Despite the belief that the etiology of and risk factors for rectal cancer might differ from those for colon cancer, relatively few studies have examined rectal cancer in relation to use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The authors evaluated the association between NSAIDs and distal large bowel cancer in African Americans and whites, using data from a population-based case-control study of 1,057 incident cases of adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, rectosigmoid junction, and rectum and 1,019 controls from North Carolina (2001-2006). NSAID use was inversely associated with distal large bowel cancer in whites (odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.79). The inverse association was evident for all types of NSAIDs but was slightly stronger with prescription NSAIDs, particularly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.56). Compared with whites, a relatively weak inverse association was found in African Americans (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.40), although odds ratio heterogeneity by race could not be confirmed (P = 0.21). In addition, the strength of the association with NSAIDs varied by tumor location, suggesting more potent effects for rectal and rectosigmoid cancers than for sigmoid cancer. The chemopreventive potential of NSAIDs might differ by population and by tumor characteristics. C1 [Kim, Sangmi; Schroeder, Jane C.; Satia, Jessie A.; Sandler, Robert S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Martin, Christopher; Galanko, Joseph; Keku, Temitope O.; Sandler, Robert S.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Gastrointestinal Biol & Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Woosley, John T.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Halabi, Susan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Kims3@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health [R01 CA 66635, P30 DK34987] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA 66635 and P30 DK34987). NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 11 BP 1292 EP 1300 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn255 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 377VK UT WOS:000261279600009 PM 18945689 ER PT J AU Ananth, C Basso, O AF Ananth, Cande Basso, Olga TI IMPACT OF PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION ON PERINATAL SURVIVAL IN FIRST AND HIGHER ORDER BIRTHS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY JAN 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Mat Fetal Med C1 [Ananth, Cande] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Basso, Olga] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 199 IS 6 MA 819 BP S231 EP S231 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.850 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 391AV UT WOS:000262205700812 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Hilborn, ED Stonehuerner, JG Dailey, LA Carter, JD Richards, JH Crissman, KM Foronjy, RF Uyeminami, DL Pinkerton, KE AF Ghio, Andrew J. Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G. Dailey, Lisa A. Carter, Jacqueline D. Richards, Judy H. Crissman, Kay M. Foronjy, Robert F. Uyeminami, Dale L. Pinkerton, Kent E. TI Particulate Matter in Cigarette Smoke Alters Iron Homeostasis to Produce a Biological Effect SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smoking; ferritin; oxidants; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ID HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; TOBACCO-SMOKE; HEAVY-METALS; FERRITIN; INFLAMMATION; EMPHYSEMA; PARTICLES; DISEASES; BINDING AB Rationale Lung injury after cigarette smoking is related to particle retention. Iron accumulates with the deposition of these particles. Objectives: We tested the postulate that (1) injury after smoking correlates with exposure to the particulate fraction of cigarette smoke, (2) these particles alter iron homeostasis, triggering metal accumulation, and (3) this alteration in iron homeostasis affects oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: Rats and human respiratory epithelial cells were exposed to cigarette smoke, filtered cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke condensate (the particulate fraction of smoke), and indices of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory injury were determined. Comparable measures were also evaluated in nonsmokers and smokers. Measurements and Main Results: After exposure of rats to cigarette smoke, increased lavage concentrations of iron and ferritin, serum ferritin levels, and nonheme iron concentrations in the lung and liver tissue all increased. Lavage ascorbate concentrations were decreased, supporting an oxidative stress. After filtering of the cigarette smoke to remove particles, most of these changes were reversed. Exposure of cultured respiratory epithelial cells to cigarette smoke condensate caused a similar accumulation of iron, metal-dependent oxidative stress, and increased IL-8 release. Lavage samples in healthy smokers and smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease revealed elevated concentrations of both iron and ferritin relative to healthy nonsmokers. Lavage ascorbate decreased with cigarette smoking. Serum iron and ferritin levels among smokers were increased, supporting systemic accumulation of this metal after cigarette smoke exposure. Conclusions: We conclude that cigarette smoke particles alter iron homeostasis, both in the lung and systemically. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Hilborn, Elizabeth D.; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G.; Dailey, Lisa A.; Carter, Jacqueline D.; Richards, Judy H.; Crissman, Kay M.] US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foronjy, Robert F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Uyeminami, Dale L.; Pinkerton, Kent E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 40 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 11 BP 1130 EP 1138 DI 10.1164/rccm.200802-334OC PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 378GO UT WOS:000261309400006 PM 18723436 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Zhe Kleinstreuer, Clement Kim, Chong S. TI Airflow and Nanoparticle Deposition in a 16-Generation Tracheobronchial Airway Model SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Human tracheobronchial region; Computational analysis; Airflow; Nanoparticle deposition; Deposition efficiencies; Deposition correlations ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLE DEPOSITION; HUMAN NASAL CAVITY; HUMAN ORAL AIRWAY; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; HUMAN LUNGS; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; MASS-TRANSFER; TRANSPORT; BIFURCATION; EFFICIENCY AB In order to achieve both manageable simulation and local accuracy of airflow and nanoparticle deposition in a representative human tracheobronchial (TB) region, the complex airway network was decomposed into adjustable triple-bifurcation units, spreading axially and laterally. Given Q (in) = 15 and 30 L/min and a realistic inlet velocity profile, the experimentally validated computer simulation model provided some interesting 3-D airflow patterns, i.e., for each TB-unit they depend on the upstream condition, local geometry and local Reynolds number. Directly coupled to the local airflow fields are the convective-diffusive transport and deposition of nanoparticles, i.e., 1 nm <= d (p) <= 100 nm. The CFD modeling predictions were compared to experimental observations as well as analytical modeling results. The CFD-simulated TB deposition values agree astonishingly well with analytical modeling results. However, measurable differences can be observed for bifurcation-by-bifurcation deposition fractions obtained with these two different approaches due to the effects of more realistic inlet conditions and geometric features incorporated in the CFD model. Specifically, while the difference between the total TB deposition fraction (DF) is less than 16%, it may be up to 70% for bifurcation-by-bifurcation DFs. In addition, it was found that fully developed flow and uniform nanoparticle concentrations can be assumed beyond generation G12. For nanoparticles with d (p) > 10 nm, the geometric effects, including daughter-branch rotation, are minor. Furthermore, the deposition efficiencies at each individual bifurcation in the TB region can be well correlated as a function of an effective diffusion parameter. C1 [Zhang, Zhe; Kleinstreuer, Clement] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kleinstreuer, Clement] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kim, Chong S.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA9550-07-1-0461]; NSF [CBET-0834054]; US Environmental Protection Agency FX This effort was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA9550-07-1-0461 (Dr. Walt Kozumbo, Program Manager), NSF Grant CBET-0834054 (Dr Marc S. Ingber, Program Director), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (Dr. C. S. Kim, Program Monitor). The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The use of both CFX software from ANSYS Inc. (Canonsburg, PA) and the IBM Linux Cluster at the High Performance Computing Center at North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC) are gratefully acknowledged as well. NR 61 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 EI 1573-9686 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2095 EP 2110 DI 10.1007/s10439-008-9583-z PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 372YC UT WOS:000260937200014 PM 18850271 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Thurston, HW Heberling, MT AF Williamson, James M. Thurston, Hale W. Heberling, Matthew T. TI Valuing acid mine drainage remediation in West Virginia: a hedonic modeling approach SO ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; PRICES; MARKETS AB In this article, we use a spatial-econometric approach to estimate the willingness to pay for the cleanup of acid mine drainage-impaired waterways in the Cheat River Watershed of West Virginia. We derive economic values for housing relating to remediating the effects of acid mine drainage using 21 years of housing sales data, and use geographic information systems to link housing market sales data with stream water quality. The results indicate being located near an acid mine drainage-impaired stream has an implicit marginal cost of $4,783 on housing. If all the streams are restored in the Cheat River Watershed, those properties located near the restoration (within a 1/4 mile) would benefit by $1.7 million. C1 [Williamson, James M.; Thurston, Hale W.; Heberling, Matthew T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Thurston, HW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MS-498,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM james.williamson@mail.house.gov; thurston.hale@epa.gov; heberling.matt@epa.gov OI Heberling, Matthew/0000-0003-1120-612X NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0570-1864 J9 ANN REGIONAL SCI JI Ann. Reg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 987 EP 999 DI 10.1007/s00168-007-0189-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 359BN UT WOS:000259961300014 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Devulapelli, VG AF Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Devulapelli, Venu Gopal TI Vapor phase oxidation of dimethyl sulfide with ozone over V(2)O(5)/TiO(2) catalyst SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE Catalytic ozonation; Dimethyl sulfide; Vanadia-titania; Reaction pathway ID REDUCED SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; COAL FLY-ASH; ACTIVATED CARBON; METHANOL OXIDATION; PT/AL2O3 CATALYST; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; METHYL MERCAPTAN; OXALIC-ACID; KINETICS AB The removal of volatile and odorous emissions from pulp and paper industrial processes usually generates secondary pollution which is treated further by scrubbing, adsorption, and catalytic incineration. Studies using a now reactor packed with 10% vanadia/titania (V(2)O(5)/TiO(2)) catalyst showed complete conversion of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the presence of ozone. The molar yields of partial oxidation products were only 10-20%. Small amounts of partial oxidation products, such as and dimethyl sulfone (DMSO(2)), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were also formed. The results of the oxidation of DMS using ozone only, ozone plus catalyst, and oxygen plus catalyst suggest that the combined use of O(3) with catalyst is essential for the complete destruction of DMS to CO(2) and SO(2). A Box-Behnken design was used to determine the factors that have a significant effect on the conversion and selectivity of the products. It was concluded that product selectivity is strongly influenced by temperature, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), and ozone concentration. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, surface area measurements, and SEM techniques. Time-on-stream studies carried out in a 500 ppmv gas stream held at 150 degrees C for 6 h, using 2 g of the catalyst, an ozone-to-DMS molar ratio of 0.9, and a GHSV of 37,000 h(-1), yielded 99.9% conversion of DMS. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed for the oxidation of DMS based on reaction product distribution and possible intermediates formed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew; Devulapelli, Venu Gopal] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency FX VenuGopal Devulapelli is a postgraduate research fellow at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory. The program is administered by Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The authors thank Christina L. Bennett-Stamper for her help during the SEM studies and Teri Richardson for careful editing of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 408 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.04.025 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 375OQ UT WOS:000261123600010 ER PT J AU Mamyrova, G O'Hanlon, TP Sillers, L Malley, K James-Newton, L Parks, CG Cooper, GS Pandey, JP Miller, FW Rider, LG AF Mamyrova, Gulnara O'Hanlon, Terrance P. Sillers, Laura Malley, Karen James-Newton, Laura Parks, Christina G. Cooper, Glinda S. Pandey, Janardan P. Miller, Frederick W. Rider, Lisa G. CA Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity C TI Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms as Risk and Severity Factors for Juvenile Dermatomyositis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES; CUTANEOUS LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; TNF-ALPHA-308A ALLELE; IMMUNOGENETIC RISK; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; PLASMA-LEVELS; ASSOCIATION AB Objective. To study tumor necrosis factor a (TNF alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine polymorphisms as possible risk and protective factors, define their relative importance, and examine these as severity factors in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM). Methods. TNFa and IL-1 cytokine polymorphism and HLA typing were performed in 221. Caucasian patients with juvenile DM, and the results were compared with those in 203 ethnically matched healthy volunteers. Results. The genotypes TNF alpha -308AG (odds ratio [OR] 3.6), TNF alpha -238GG (OR 3.5), and IL-1 alpha +4845TT (OR 2.2) were risk factors, and TNF alpha -308GG (OR 0.26) as well as TNF alpha -238AG (OR 0.22) were protective, for the development of juvenile DM. Carriage of a single copy of the TNF alpha -308A (OR 3.8) or IL-1 beta +3953T (OR 1.7) allele was a risk factor, and the TNF alpha -238A (OR 0.29) and IL-1 alpha +4845G (OR 0.46) alleles were protective, for juvenile DM. Random Forests classification analysis showed HLA-DRB1*03 and TNF alpha -308A to have the highest relative importance as risk factors for juvenile DM compared with the other alleles (Gini scores 100% and 90.7%, respectively). TNF alpha -308AA (OR 7.3) was a risk factor, and carriage of the TNF alpha -308G (OR 0.14) and IL-1 alpha -889T (OR 0.41) alleles was protective, for the development of calcinosis. TNF alpha -308AA (OR 7.0) was a possible risk factor, and carriage of the TNFa -308G allele (OR 0.14) was protective, for the development of ulcerations. None of the studied TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta polymorphisms were associated with the disease course, disease severity at the time of diagnosis, or the patient's sex. Conclusion. TNFa and IL-1 genetic polymorphisms contribute to the development of juvenile DM and may also be indicators of disease severity. C1 [Rider, Lisa G.] Natl Inst Environm Sci, Environm Autoimmun Grp, NIH, DHHS,Clin Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Malley, Karen] Malley Res Programming, Rockville, MD USA. [Parks, Christina G.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Durham, NC USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Pandey, Janardan P.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. RP Rider, LG (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Sci, Environm Autoimmun Grp, NIH, DHHS,Clin Res Ctr, Room 4-2352,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1301, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM riderl@mail.nih.gov OI Ilowite, Norman/0000-0002-8298-8563; Rider, Lisa/0000-0002-6912-2458; Miller, Frederick/0000-0003-2831-9593; Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; Environmental Biosciences Program [DE-FC09-02CH11109]; Cure JM Foundation FX Supported in part by the Intramural Research programs of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, and by a US Department of Energy cooperative agreement with the Medical University of South Carolina in support of the Environmental Biosciences Program (DE-FC09-02CH11109). Dr. Mamyrova is a Research Fellow of the Cure JM Foundation. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3941 EP 3950 DI 10.1002/art.24039 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 382EI UT WOS:000261587500033 PM 19035492 ER PT J AU Shetty, SK Lin, CJ Streets, DG Jang, C AF Shetty, Suraj K. Lin, Che-Jen Streets, David G. Jang, Carey TI Model estimate of mercury emission from natural sources in East Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric mercury; Emission inventory; Natural/re-emission; Modeling; East Asia ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DYNAMIC FLUX CHAMBER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; LEAF-AREA; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT AB East Asia is one of the largest source regions that release mercury into the atmosphere. Although extensive studies have been devoted to estimating the anthropogenic mercury emission, little is known about mercury emission from natural sources in the region. In this study, we adapt the algorithms developed previously, coupled with detailed GIS data and satellite LAI products, to estimate mercury emission from natural sources including vegetation, soil, and water surfaces in an East Asian domain containing 164 x 97 grid cells at a spatial resolution of 36 km. Seasonal simulations were performed to project the annual emission quantity. The simulated emission shows strong diurnal and seasonal variations due to meteorology and vegetation coverage. The annual emission in the form of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from the domain in 2001 is estimated to be 834 Mg, with 462 Mg contributed from China. The estimated GEM emission is comparable to the reported anthropogenic emission of 575 +/- 261 Mg (56% GEM, 32% reactive gaseous mercury, 12% particulate mercury; Wu, Y., Wang, S., Streets, D.G., Hao, J., Chan, M., Jiang, J., 2006. Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 5312-5318) in China for the year 2001, and dominates the anthropogenic emission during the warm season. Combining the anthropogenic and natural emission estimates, the total mercury emission from China is 776-1298 Mg, with GEM being in the range of 660-1000 Mg. The latter is similar to the GEM emission quantity inferred from aircraft measurement (765 Mg; Friedli, H.R., Radke, LF, Prescott, R., Li, P., Woo, J.-H., Carmichael, G.R., 2004. Mercury in the atmosphere around Japan, Korea and China as observed during the 2001 ACE Asia field campaign: measurements, distributions, sources, and implications. journal of Geophysical Research 109, D19 S25) and modeling estimate (1140 Mg; Pan, L., Chai, T., Carmichael, G.R., Tang, Y., Streets, G.G., Woo, J.-H., Friedli, H.R., Radke, LF, 2007a. Top-down estimate of mercury emissions in China using four-dimensional variational data assimilation. Atmospheric Environment 41, 2804-2819) in China for the year 2001. The estimated natural emission helps explain the gap between the anthropogenic emission estimates based on activity data (e.g., Pacyna, J.M., Pacyna, E., Steenhuisen, F, Wilson, S., 2006. Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000. Atmospheric Environment 40, 4048-4063; Wu, Y., Wang, S., Streets, D.G., Hao, J., Chan, M., Jiang, J., 2006. Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 5312-5318) and the emission inferred from field observations (e.g., Jaffe, D., Prestbo, E., Swartzendruber, P., Weiss-Penzias, P., Kato, S., Takami, A., Hatakeyama, S., Kajii, Y., 2005. Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia. Atmospheric Environment 39, 3029-3038; Weiss-Penzias, R, Jaffe, D., Swartzendruber, R, Hafner, W., Chand, D., Prestbo, E., 2007. Quantifying Asian and biomass burning sources of mercury using the Hg/CO ratio in pollution plumes observed at the Mount Bachelor observatory. Atmospheric Environment 41, 4366-4379) in the region. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Che-Jen] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Shetty, Suraj K.] Lamar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Lin, Che-Jen] S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jang, Carey] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 211 Redbird Lane,ML 10024, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM jerry.lin@lamar.edu RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality [64582-06-15] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ Work Order Number: 64582-06-15), the USEPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards (RTI Subcontract Number: 6-321-0210288) and Texas Air Research Center (TARC Project Number: 077LUB0976). The work represents the authors' scientific assessment of mercury emission inventory and does not necessarily reflect the funding agencies' point of view. The mentioning of commercial software does not constitute the endorsement from the authors. The authors would also like to acknowledge the initial programming assistance by T. Vanjani and R. Poojary in this work. NR 71 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 37 BP 8674 EP 8685 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.026 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 378TY UT WOS:000261348100012 ER PT J AU Baxter, LK Barzyk, TM Vette, AF Croghan, C Williams, RW AF Baxter, Lisa K. Barzyk, Timothy M. Vette, Alan F. Croghan, Carry Williams, Ronald W. TI Contributions of diesel truck emissions to indoor elemental carbon concentrations in homes in proximity to Ambassador Bridge SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Indoor air; Elemental carbon; Diesel exhaust particles; Meteorology ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS; PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; EUROPEAN CITIES; BLACK SMOKE; OUTDOOR; PM2.5; EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTS; VARIABILITY AB Ambassador Bridge, connecting Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, is the busiest international commercial vehicle crossing in North America, with a large percentage of heavy duty diesel trucks. This study seeks to examine the contribution of diesel truck traffic across Ambassador Bridge to indoor exposure patterns of elemental carbon (EC) a common surrogate for diesel exhaust particles, in homes in close proximity to the bridge. We also aim to understand the relative importance of home ventilation characteristics and wind speed. Measurements were collected as part of the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS). Residential indoor and outdoor EC measurements were collected over five consecutive 24 h periods in both the summer and winter at 16 homes in close proximity to Ambassador Bridge. Ambient concentrations and meteorological data were collected at a central-site monitor, and home air exchange rates were estimated using a perfluorocarbon tracer. The contributions of ambient concentrations and Ambassador Bridge, and potential effect modification by wind speed and home ventilation status were quantified with regression analyses. Both ambient concentrations and the percentage of time a home was downwind from the bridge were associated with an increase in indoor concentrations. Ambient concentrations significantly contributed to indoor concentrations regardless of wind speed category but were a greater influence in home experiencing calm winds. The effect of the percent of time downwind variable on indoor levels was only significant in homes where the ventilation status was high. The distance a home was from the bridge tollbooth complex was not significantly associated with indoor concentrations. We conclude that diesel traffic emissions related to Ambassador Bridge may have an impact on indoor EC exposures. Given that people spend the majority of their time indoors, it is important to evaluate the impact of traffic-related pollution in the home environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baxter, Lisa K.; Barzyk, Timothy M.; Vette, Alan F.; Croghan, Carry; Williams, Ronald W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Baxter, LK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baxter.lisa@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; FU U.S. EPA [68-D-00-012, EP-D-04068, 68-D-00-206, EP05-D-065] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 40 BP 9080 EP 9086 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.023 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386BQ UT WOS:000261857700009 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Blum, MJ Rashleigh, B Freeman, BJ Porter, BA Burkhead, NM AF Walters, David M. Blum, Mike J. Rashleigh, Brenda Freeman, Byron J. Porter, Brady A. Burkhead, Noel M. TI Red shiner invasion and hybridization with blacktail shiner in the upper Coosa River, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Land use; Turbidity; Hybrid swarm; Introgression; Southeastern fishes; Disturbance ID NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; FRESH-WATER; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SEXUAL SELECTION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; CONSERVATION; CYPRINIDAE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; HYBRID AB Human disturbance increases the invasibility of lotic ecosystems and the likelihood of hybridization between invasive and native species. We investigated whether disturbance contributed to the invasion of red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and their hybridization with native blacktail shiner (C. venusta stigmatura) in the Upper Coosa River System (UCRS). Historical records indicated that red shiners and hybrids rapidly dispersed in the UCRS via large, mainstem rivers since the mid to late 1990s. We measured the occurrence and abundance of parental species and hybrids near tributary-mainstem confluences and characterized populations at these incipient contact zones by examining variation across morphological traits and molecular markers. Red shiners represented only 1.2% of total catch in tributaries yet introgression was widespread with hybrids accounting for 34% of total catch. Occurrence of red shiners and hybrids was highly correlated with occurrence of blacktail shiners, indicating that streams with native populations are preferentially colonized early in the invasion and that hybridization is a key process in the establishment of red shiners and their genome in new habitats. Tributary invasion was driven by post-F1 hybrids with proportionately greater genomic contributions from blacktail shiner. Occurrence of red shiners and hybrids and the relative abundance of hybrids significantly increased with measures of human disturbance including turbidity, catchment agricultural land use, and low dissolved oxygen concentration. Red shiners are a significant threat to Southeast Cyprinella diversity, given that 41% of these species hybridize with red shiner, that five southeastern drainages are invaded, and that these drainages are increasingly disturbed by urbanization. C1 [Walters, David M.; Blum, Mike J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Blum, Mike J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Porter, Brady A.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Burkhead, Noel M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W MLK Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM walters.davidm@epa.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1229 EP 1242 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9198-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZT UT WOS:000260306700004 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Ankley, GT Wilson, VS Hartig, PC Durhan, EJ Jensen, KM Martinovi, D Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Ankley, Gerald T. Wilson, Vickie S. Hartig, Phillip C. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Jensen, Kathleen M. Martinovi, Dalivia Gray, Leon E., Jr. TI Of Mice and Men (and Mosquitofish): Antiandrogens and Androgens in the Environment SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE androgens; vertebrates; reproductive development; environmental chemicals; antiandrogens ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; FATHEAD MINNOW; MALE-RAT; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; DIBUTYL PHTHALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Androgens are hormones produced by the gonads and other endocrine organs of vertebrates. Testosterone, along with its metabolite dihydrotestosterone, is critical for the differentiation of the fetal male reproductive tract from an indifferent state, for the development of male traits during puberty, and for the maintenance of reproductive function in mature animals. The androgen signaling pathway is highly conserved in the reproductive system of all vertebrates from fish to humans; therefore, environmental chemicals have the potential to induce adverse effects in any vertebrate species. There are synthetic androgens present in the environment, and several pesticides and toxic substances display antiandrogenic activity For example, exposure to mixtures of antiandrogens during sexual differentiation results in cumulative adverse effect.; in male rat offspring. Continued characterization of the role of androgens in reproductive and other systems is warranted to enable better understanding of the potential adverse effects of chemical disruption of androgen signaling. C1 [Hotchkiss, Andrew K.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Hartig, Phillip C.; Gray, Leon E., Jr.] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hotchkiss, Andrew K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hotchkiss, Andrew K.] N Carolina State Univ, USEPA Cooperat Training Grant CT826512010, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Martinovi, Dalivia] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. RP Hotchkiss, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 80 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1037 EP 1050 DI 10.1641/B581107 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 384CA UT WOS:000261720200007 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Barone, S Kimmel, CA AF Brown, Rebecca C. Barone, Stanley, Jr. Kimmel, Carole A. TI Children's Health Risk Assessment: Incorporating a Lifestage Approach into the Risk Assessment Process SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Aging; childhood; lifestages; risk assessment ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FRAMEWORK; ENVIRONMENT; WORKSHOP; MILK AB This overview paper provides the historical context for the incorporation of lifestage-specific concerns in human health risk assessment, briefly explains the process employed in a lifestage framework for risk assessment, and discusses the scientific rationale for low utilizing lifestage data will strengthen the overall risk assessment process. This risk assessment approach will add value by: (1) providing a more complete evaluation of the potential for vulnerability at different lifestages, including a focus on the underlying biological events and incorporation of mode of action information related to different critical developmental periods; (2) evaluating the potential for toxicity during all lifestages after early lifestage exposure; (3) reviewing the importance of integrating exposure information and adverse health effects across lifestages; and (4) serving as a basis to extend some aspects of the children's health risk assessment framework to all lifestages. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 83:511-521, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Brown, Rebecca C.; Barone, Stanley, Jr.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kimmel, Carole A.] US EPA, So Shores, NC 27949 USA. RP Brown, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW Mailcode 8623-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM brown.rebecca@epa.gov NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 6 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20172 PG 11 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 390VT UT WOS:000262192500001 PM 19025790 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC Moya, J Selevan, SG AF Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Moya, Jacqueline Selevan, Sherry G. TI A Lifestage Approach to Assessing Children's Exposure SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NATIONAL CHILDRENS; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; ASSESSMENTS; PESTICIDE; DISEASE; ISSUES AB Understanding and characterizing risks to children has been the focus of considerable research efforts at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Potential health risks resulting from environmental exposures before conception and during pre- and postnatal development are often difficult to recognize and assess because of a potential time lag between the relevant periods of exposure during development and associated outcomes that may be expressed at later lifestages. Recognizing this challenge, a lifestage approach for assessing exposure and risk is presented in the recent EPA report titled A Framework for Assessing Health Risks of Environmental Exposures to Children (U.S. EPA, 2006). This EPA report emphasizes the need to account for the potential exposures to environmental agents during all stages of development, and consideration of the relevant adverse health outcomes that may occur as a result of such exposures. It identifies lifestage-specific issues associated with exposure characterization for regulatory risk assessment, summarizes the lifestage-specific approach to exposure characterization presented in the Framework, and discusses emerging research needs for exposure characterization in the larger public-health context. This lifestage approach for characterizing children's exposures to environmental contaminants ensures a more complete evaluation of the potential for Vulnerability and exposure of sensitive Populations throughout the life cycle. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 83:522-529, 2008. (c) 2068 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Moya, Jacqueline; Selevan, Sherry G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hubal, EAC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubal.elaine@epa.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 6 BP 522 EP 529 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20173 PG 8 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 390VT UT WOS:000262192500002 ER PT J AU Makris, SL Thompson, CM Euling, SY Selevan, SG Sonawane, B AF Makris, Susan L. Thompson, Chad M. Euling, Susan Y. Selevan, Sherry G. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI A Lifestage-Specific Approach to Hazard and Dose-Response Characterization for Children's Health Risk Assessment SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE childhood; lifestage; hazard; dose-response; risk assessment; development ID IDENTIFY CRITICAL WINDOWS; ORGAN SYSTEM-DEVELOPMENT; AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; ADVERSE EFFECT LEVELS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; TISSUE DOSIMETRY; DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS; COMPUTATIONAL MODELS AB In 2006, the U,S. EPA published a report entitled A Framework for Assessing Health Risks of Environmental Exposures to Children (hereafter referred to as the "Framework") describing a lifestage approach to risk assessment that includes the evaluation of existing data from a temporal perspective (i.e., the timing of both the exposure and the outcome). This article summarizes the lifestage-specific issues discussed in the Framework related to the qualitative and the quantitative hazard and dose-response characterization. Lifestage-specific hazard characterization includes an evaluation of relevant human and experimental animal studies, focusing oil the identification of critical windows of development (i.e., exposure intervals of maximum susceptibility) for observed outcomes, evaluation of differential exposure at individual lifestages, the relevance and impact of lifestage-specific toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data, mode of action information, variability and latency of effects from early lifestage exposure, and describing uncertainties. The interpretation of the hazard data to determine the strength of association between early life exposures and the timing and type of outcomes depends upon the overall weight of evidence. Lifestage-specific dose-response characterization relies on the identification of susceptible lifestages in order to quantify health risk, information on the point of departure, key default assumptions, and descriptions of uncertainty, sensitivity, and variability. Discussion of the strength and limitations of the hazard and dose-response data provides a basis for confidence in risk determinations. Applying a lifestage approach to hazard and dose-response characterization is likely to improve children's health risk assessment by identifying data gaps and providing a better understanding of sources of uncertainty Birth Defects Res Wart B) 83: 530-546, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Makris, Susan L.; Thompson, Chad M.; Euling, Susan Y.; Selevan, Sherry G.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Makris, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mailcode 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM makris.susan@epa.gov FU USEPA FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of the following USEPA scientists: Rebecca C. Brown, Elaine Cohen Hubal, Hisham El-Masri, Jacqueline Moya, Stanley Barone, Jr., Carole Kimmel (ret.), and Tracey Thomas (formerly with U.S. EPA). NR 126 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 6 BP 530 EP 546 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20176 PG 17 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 390VT UT WOS:000262192500003 PM 19085945 ER PT J AU Ganguli, AC Engle, DM Mayer, PM Hellgren, EC AF Ganguli, Amy C. Engle, David M. Mayer, Paul M. Hellgren, Eric C. TI Plant community diversity and composition provide little resistance to Juniperus encroachment SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE eastern redcedar; H '; seedlings; species richness; woody plant expansion ID RED CEDAR JUNIPERUS; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; EASTERN REDCEDAR; DETERMINES INVASIBILITY; VIRGINIANA FOREST; BLUESTEM PRAIRIE; TREE INVASION; SMALL MAMMALS; GRASSLAND AB Widespread encroachment of the fire-intolerant species Juniperus virginiana L. into North American grasslands and savannahs where fire has largely been removed has prompted the need to identify mechanisms driving J. virginiana encroachment. We tested whether encroachment success of. J. virginiana is related to plant species diversity and composition across three plant Communities. We predicted J. virginiana encroachment success would (i) decrease with increasing diversity, and (ii) J. virginiana encroachment success Would be unrelated to species composition. We simulated encroachment by planting J. virginiana seedlings in tallgrass prairie, old-field grassland, and upland oak forest. We used J. virginiana survival and growth as an index of encroachment success and evaluated success as a function of plant community traits (i.e., species richness, species diversity, and species composition). Our results indicated that J. virginiana encroachment success increased with increasing plant richness and diversity. Moreover, growth and survival of J. virginiana seedlings was associated with plant species composition only in the old-field grassland and upland oak forest. These results suggest that greater plant species richness and diversity provide little resistance to J. virginiana encroachment, and the results suggest resource availability and other biotic or abiotic factors are determinants of J. virginiana encroachment success. C1 [Ganguli, Amy C.; Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ganguli, Amy C.; Engle, David M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Hellgren, Eric C.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Ganguli, AC (reprint author), 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM amyganguli@gmail.com RI Ganguli, Amy/J-3342-2014; OI Ganguli, Amy/0000-0003-3960-1404; Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Acrency) [DW-14-93900001-1]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Acrency) through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under an interagency agreement (DW-14-93900001-1) with the Biological Resources Division of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), administered by the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit located at Oklahoma State University [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating]. The research described here has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA or USGS, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station also provided support to the first two authors. This article is published with the approval of the director, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank D.M. Leslie, Jr. and V.J. Horncastle for their contributions and the many field assistants who contributed to this work. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 73 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD DEC PY 2008 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1416 EP 1426 DI 10.1139/B08-110 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398FS UT WOS:000262718600006 ER PT J AU Chung, SH Wiedmeyer, K Shai, A Korach, KS Lambert, PF AF Chung, Sang-Hyuk Wiedmeyer, Kerri Shai, Anny Korach, Kenneth S. Lambert, Paul F. TI Requirement for Estrogen Receptor alpha in a Mouse Model for Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cervical Cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTRIC CASE-CONTROL; SQUAMOUS CARCINOGENESIS; CELL-CARCINOMA; BREAST-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR; TYPE-16 E7; IN-VITRO; MICE; WOMEN; GENE AB The majority of human cervical cancers are associated with the high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), which encode the potent E6 and E7 oncogenes. On prolonged treatment with physiologic levels of exogenous estrogen, K14E7 transgenic mice expressing HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein in their squamous epithelia succumb to uterine cervical cancer. Furthermore, prolonged withdrawal of exogenous estrogen results in complete or partial regression of tumors in this mouse model. In the current study, we investigated whether estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) is required for the development of cervical cancer in K14E7 transgenic mice. We show that exogenous estrogen fails to promote either dysplasia or cervical cancer in K14E7/ER alpha(-/-) mice despite the continued presence of the presumed cervical cancer precursor cell type, reserve cells, and evidence for E7 expression therein. We also observed that cervical cancers in our mouse models are strictly associated with atypical squamous metaplasia (ASM), which is believed to be the precursor for cervical cancer in women. Consistently, E7 and exogenous estrogen failed to promote ASM in the absence of ER alpha. We conclude that ER alpha plays a crucial role at an early stage of cervical carcinogenesis in this mouse model. [Cancer Res 2008;68(23):9928-34] C1 [Chung, Sang-Hyuk; Wiedmeyer, Kerri; Shai, Anny; Lambert, Paul F.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, McArdle Lab Canc Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lambert, PF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, McArdle Lab Canc Res, 1400 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lambert@oncology.cwisc.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU NIH [CA120847, CA098428, CA113297]; Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX NIH grants CA120847. CA098428, and CA113297 (P.F. Lambert) and Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (K.S. Korach). NR 50 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 23 BP 9928 EP 9934 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2051 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 380TU UT WOS:000261488900046 PM 19047174 ER PT J AU LaGier, AJ Manzo, ND Carll, AP Jaskot, RH Slade, R Richards, JH Winsett, DW Farraj, AK Dye, JA AF LaGier, Adriana J. Manzo, Nick D. Carll, Alex P. Jaskot, Richard H. Slade, Ralph Richards, Judy H. Winsett, Darrell W. Farraj, Aimen K. Dye, Janice A. TI A Hyperlipidemic Rabbit Model Provides New Insights into Pulmonary Zinc Exposure Effects on Cardiovascular Health SO CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Rabbit; Cardiovascular; Particulate matter; Hyperlipidemia ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION; BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY; NITRIC-OXIDE; LOW-LEVEL; GLUTATHIONE; HEART; MICE; RATS AB This study ascertains the effects of zinc, a major component of particulate matter, on pulmonary and systemic endpoints using hyperlipidemic rabbits to model diet-induced human atherosclerosis. New Zealand White rabbits were fed a normal or cholesterol-enriched diet and then were intratracheally instilled 1x/week for 4 weeks with saline or 16 mu g/kg of zinc, equal parts sulfate and oxide. Physiologic responses, blood after each exposure, and terminal bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assessed. Rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet developed hyperlipidemia and had consistently higher circulating leukocyte counts than rabbits fed normal chow. Within minutes after zinc instillation, saturation of peripheral oxygen was decreased in hyperlipidemic rabbits and heart rate was increased in hyperlipidemic rabbits with total serum cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dl. Total circulating leukocytes levels were increased 24 h after the first zinc instillation, but upon repeated exposures this effect was attenuated. After repeated zinc exposures, BAL fluid (BALF) N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was increased regardless of hyperlipidemic state. Hyperlipidemic rabbits had an increase in BALF-oxidized glutathione and a decrease in serum nitrite. The study elucidates mechanisms by which the zinc metal component of PM drives cardiovascular health effects, as well as the possible susceptibility induced by hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the study exemplifies the benefits of monitoring circulatory physiology during exposure as well as after exposure. C1 [LaGier, Adriana J.; Jaskot, Richard H.; Slade, Ralph; Richards, Judy H.; Winsett, Darrell W.; Farraj, Aimen K.; Dye, Janice A.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Manzo, Nick D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Carll, Alex P.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, ENVR, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP LaGier, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lagier.adriana@epa.gov OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1530-7905 J9 CARDIOVASC TOXICOL JI Cardiovasc. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s12012-008-9028-9 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Toxicology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Toxicology GA 368IZ UT WOS:000260616100005 PM 18953671 ER PT J AU Cantwell, MG Burgess, RM King, JW AF Cantwell, Mark G. Burgess, Robert M. King, John W. TI Resuspension of contaminated field and formulated reference sediments Part I: Evaluation of metal release under controlled laboratory conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Metals; Sediment; Resuspension; Desorption; AVS; Dredging ID ANOXIC ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; CADMIUM; ZINC; REMOBILIZATION; DISTURBANCES; SULFIDE; EVENTS AB In aquatic systems where metal contaminated sediments are present, the potential exists for metals to be released to the water column when sediment resuspension occurs. The release and partitioning behavior of sediment-bound heavy metals is not well understood during resuspension events. In this study, the release of Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn from sediments during resuspension was evaluated using reference sediments with known physical and chemical properties. Sediment treatments with varying quantities of acid volatile sulfide (AVS), total organic carbon (TOC), and different grain size distributions were resuspended under controlled conditions to evaluate their respective effects on dissolved metal concentrations. AVS had the greatest effect on limiting release of dissolved metals, followed by grain size and TOC. Predictions of dissolved concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn were developed based on the formulated sediment Sigma(metal)/AVS ratios with Sigma(metal) being the total sediment metal concentration. Predicted values were compared to measured dissolved metal concentrations in contaminated field sediments resuspended under identical operating conditions. Metal concentrations released from the field sediments were low overall, in most cases lower than predicted values, reflecting the importance of other binding phases. Overall, results indicate that for sulfidic sediments, low levels of the study metals are released to the dissolved phase during short-term resuspension. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cantwell, Mark G.; Burgess, Robert M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cantwell, Mark G.; King, John W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cantwell, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Cantwell.mark@epa.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2008 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1824 EP 1831 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 382IR UT WOS:000261600000019 PM 18805563 ER PT J AU Yates, D Galbraith, H Purkey, D Huber-Lee, A Sieber, J West, J Herrod-Julius, S Joyce, B AF Yates, David Galbraith, Hector Purkey, D. Huber-Lee, A. Sieber, J. West, J. Herrod-Julius, S. Joyce, B. TI Climate warming, water storage, and Chinook salmon in California's Sacramento Valley SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PRIORITY-DRIVEN; DEMAND-DRIVEN; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; WEAP21 AB The Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawns and rears in the cold, freshwater rivers and tributaries of California's Central Valley, with four separate seasonal runs including fall and late-fall runs, a winter run, and a spring run. Dams and reservoirs have blocked access to most of the Chinook's ancestral spawning areas in the upper reaches and tributaries. Consequently, the fish rely on the mainstem of the Sacramento River for spawning habitat. Future climatic warming could lead to alterations of the river's temperature regime, which could further reduce the already fragmented Chinook habitat. Specifically, increased water temperatures could result in spawning and rearing temperature exceedences, thereby jeopardizing productivity, particularly in drought years. Paradoxically, water management plays a key role in potential adaptation options by maintaining spawning and rearing habitat now and in the future, as reservoirs such as Shasta provide a cold water supply that will be increasingly needed to counter the effects of climate change. Results suggest that the available cold pool behind Shasta could be maintained throughout the summer assuming median projections of mid-21st century warming of 2C, but the maintenance of the cold pool with warming on the order of 4C could be very challenging. The winter and spring runs are shown to be most at risk because of the timing of their reproduction. C1 [Yates, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Galbraith, Hector] Galbraith Environm Sci, Dummerston, VT 05301 USA. [Huber-Lee, A.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Purkey, D.; Sieber, J.; Joyce, B.] US Ctr, Stockholm Environm Inst, Medford, MA USA. [West, J.; Herrod-Julius, S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yates, D (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM yates@ucar.edu NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9427-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372YQ UT WOS:000260938600008 ER PT J AU Barter, ZE Chowdry, JE Harlow, JR Snawder, JE Lipscomb, JC Rostami-Hodjegan, A AF Barter, Z. E. Chowdry, J. E. Harlow, J. R. Snawder, J. E. Lipscomb, J. C. Rostami-Hodjegan, A. TI Covariation of Human Microsomal Protein Per Gram of Liver with Age: Absence of Influence of Operator and Sample Storage May Justify Interlaboratory Data Pooling SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID VIVO METABOLIC-CLEARANCE; IN-VITRO DATA; DRUG-METABOLISM; RAT; INVITRO; CYTOCHROME-P-450; PREDICTION; GLUCURONIDATION; HOMOGENATE; IMIPRAMINE AB Scaling of metabolic clearance values from liver microsomal data or recombinantly expressed cytochrome P450 enzymes to predict human hepatic clearance requires knowledge of the amount of microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL). Identification of physiological covariates of MPPGL requires analysis of values from large diverse populations, which necessitates pooling of data from numerous sources. To ensure compatibility between results obtained within and between studies, the impact of interoperator differences and sample storage on values of MPPGL was investigated. With use of triplicate samples from one liver (HL86), no statistically significant difference was detected between values of MPPGL prepared from samples stored at -80 degrees C ( 23.5 +/- 1.2 mg g(-1)) and those determined using fresh tissue ( 21.9 +/- 0.3 mg g(-1)). Although there was a significant difference in the yield of microsomal protein obtained from another liver sample ( HL43) by three different operators ( 17 +/- 1, 19 +/- 2, and 24 +/- 1 mg g(-1); p = 0.004, analysis of variance), no difference was observed in the estimated MPPGL after application of appropriate correction factors for each operator ( 28 +/- 1, 30 +/- 5, and 31 +/- 4 mg g(-1)). The result provided justification for pooling reported values of MPPGL for use in covariate analysis. Investigation of the relationship between age and MPPGL provided preliminary evidence that MPPGL values increase from birth to a maximum of 40 mg g(-1) [ 95% confidence interval for the geometric mean ( 95% CI mean(geo)): 37-43 mg g(-1)] at approximately 28 years followed by a gradual decrease in older age ( mean of 29 mg g(-1) at 65 years; 95% CI meangeo: 27-32 mg g(-1)). Accordingly, appropriate age-adjusted scaling factors should be used in extrapolating in vitro clearance values to clinical studies. C1 [Barter, Z. E.; Chowdry, J. E.; Harlow, J. R.; Rostami-Hodjegan, A.] Univ Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Acad Unit Clin Pharmacol, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. [Barter, Z. E.; Rostami-Hodjegan, A.] Simcyp Ltd, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Snawder, J. E.] NIOSH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Lipscomb, J. C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Barter, ZE (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Acad Unit Clin Pharmacol, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. FU Simcyp Ltd., (Sheffield, UK) FX Z.E.B. was supported by Simcyp Ltd., (Sheffield, UK) and European Union Framework 6 (BIOSIM). NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 EI 1521-009X J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2405 EP 2409 DI 10.1124/dmd.108.021311 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 378SU UT WOS:000261345000001 PM 18775982 ER PT J AU Chen, C Amirbahman, A Fisher, N Harding, G Lamborg, C Nacci, D Taylor, D AF Chen, Celia Amirbahman, Aria Fisher, Nicholas Harding, Gareth Lamborg, Carl Nacci, Diane Taylor, David TI Methylmercury in Marine Ecosystems: Spatial Patterns and Processes of Production, Bioaccumulation, and Biomagnification SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE methylmercury; bioaccumulation; trophic transfer; biomagnification; bioadvection ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC TRANSFER; MONOMETHYL MERCURY; RIVER ESTUARY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS AB The spatial variation of MeHg production, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in marine food webs is poorly characterized but critical to understanding the links between sources and higher trophic levels, such as fish that are ultimately vectors of human and wildlife exposure. This article discusses both large and local scale processes controlling Hg supply, methylation, bioaccumulation, and transfer in marine ecosystems. While global estimates of Hg supply suggest important open ocean reservoirs of MeHg, only coastal processes and food webs are known sources of MeHg production, bioaccumulation, and bioadvection. The patterns observed to date suggest that not all sources and biotic receptors are spatially linked, and that physical and ecological processes are important in transferring MeHg from source regions to bioaccumulation in marine food webs and from lower to higher trophic levels. C1 [Chen, Celia] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Amirbahman, Aria] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fisher, Nicholas] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Harding, Gareth] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Lamborg, Carl] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nacci, Diane] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Taylor, David] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. RP Chen, C (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, HB 6044, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM celia.chen@dartmouth.edu FU NIH [P42 ESO7373]; Department of Defense; ESSRF (Environmental Science Strategic Research Fund) DFO, Canada; Woods Hole Sea Grant; Woods Hole Coastal Ocean Institute; National Science Foundation; RI-INBRE [P20RR016457]; NCRR FX We gratefully acknowledge support from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to hold a workshop entitled, "Fate and Bioavailability of Mercury in Aquatic Ecosystems and Effects on Human Exposure'' from which this manuscript was initiated. Effort toward manuscript preparation was partially supported by NIH grant number P42 ESO7373 from the NIEHS; SERDP funds from the Department of Defense; the ESSRF (Environmental Science Strategic Research Fund) DFO, Canada; Woods Hole Sea Grant, Woods Hole Coastal Ocean Institute; National Science Foundation; and RI-INBRE grant number P20RR016457 from NCRR, NIH. NR 94 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s10393-008-0201-1 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 449MN UT WOS:000266334800002 PM 19015919 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Fritz, KM Otter, RR AF Walters, David M. Fritz, Ken M. Otter, Ryan R. TI THE DARK SIDE OF SUBSIDIES: ADULT STREAM INSECTS EXPORT ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS TO RIPARIAN PREDATORS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biomagnification; PCBs; Sangamo-Weston; stable isotopes; Superfund ID TERRESTRIAL FOOD WEBS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; AQUATIC INSECTS; DESERT STREAM; SALMON; TETRAGNATHIDAE; SELECTION; LINKAGES; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Aquatic insects provide a critical energy subsidy to riparian food webs, yet their role as vectors of contaminants to terrestrial ecosystems is poorly understood. We investigated relationships between aquatic resource utilization and contaminant exposure for a riparian invertivore assemblage (spiders and herptiles) along a stream contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Stable carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotopes indicated that aquatic insect utilization varied among predators, with progressive enrichment of delta(13)C and depletion of delta(15)N as predators shifted from aquatic to terrestrial prey. PCB concentrations significantly increased along these isotopic gradients; delta(13)C and delta(15)N explained 65% and 15% of the variance in predator Sigma PCBs, respectively. PCBs in predators were high, exceeding 2000 ng/g wet mass (the human-health advisory prohibiting any consumption of fish tissue) in three species. Greater consideration should be given to streams as lateral exporters rather than simply as longitudinal conduits for contaminants. Persistent contaminants are underutilized for addressing landscape-level questions in subsidy research, but our results demonstrate they are an ideal in situ tracer of stream-derived energy because they label stream organic matter and invertebrates over large distances. Likewise, riparian predators such as tetragnathid spiders have great potential as biological monitors of stream condition and as an assessment tool for risk management of contaminated aquatic sediments. C1 [Walters, David M.; Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Otter, Ryan R.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 7 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1835 EP 1841 DI 10.1890/08-0354.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QF UT WOS:000262605500002 PM 19263881 ER PT J AU Weiss, J Bernhardt, ML Laronda, MM Hurley, LA Glidewell-Kenney, C Pillai, S Tong, M Korach, KS Jameson, JL AF Weiss, Jeffrey Bernhardt, Miranda L. Laronda, Monica M. Hurley, Lisa A. Glidewell-Kenney, Christine Pillai, Suresh Tong, Minghan Korach, Kenneth S. Jameson, J. Larry TI Estrogen Actions in the Male Reproductive System Involve Estrogen Response Element-Independent Pathways SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-ALPHA-BINDING; BETA ER-BETA; MALE-MICE; ENDOGENOUS ESTROGENS; EFFERENT DUCTULES; LEYDIG-CELL; GENE; RAT; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB The estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) acts through multiple pathways, including estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent (classical) and ERE-independent (nonclassical) mechanisms. We previously created a mouse model harboring a two-amino-acid mutation of the DNA-binding domain (E207A, G208A) that precludes direct binding of ER alpha to an ERE. After crossing heterozygous mutant mice with an ER alpha knockout (ERKO) line, it was possible to assess the degree of physiological rescue by the isolated ER alpha nonclassical allele (-/AA; AA) when compared with ERKO mice (-/-) and to wild type (+/+; WT). In male ERKO mice up to 8 months of age, testosterone levels were high, although LH levels were similar to WT. Testosterone was normal in the AA mice, indicating that the AA allele rescues the enhanced testosterone biosynthesis in ERKO mice. Male ERKO mice exhibited distention of the seminiferous tubules as early as 2-3 months of age as a consequence of decreased water resorption in the efferent ducts. By 3-4 months of age, ERKO mice had impaired spermatogenesis in approximately 40% of their tubules, and sperm counts and motility declined in association with the histological changes. In the AA mice, histological defects were greatly reduced or absent, and sperm counts and motility were rescued. Levels of aquaporins 1 and 9, which contribute to water uptake in the efferent ducts, were reduced in ERKO mice and partially or fully rescued in AA mice, whereas another water transporter, sodium-hydrogen exchanger-3, was decreased in both ERKO and AA mice. We conclude that non-ERE-dependent estrogen pathways are sufficient to rescue the defective spermatogenesis observed in ERKO mice and play a prominent role in ER alpha action in the testis, including pathways that regulate water resorption and androgen biosynthesis. ( Endocrinology 149: 6198-6206, 2008) C1 [Weiss, Jeffrey; Bernhardt, Miranda L.; Hurley, Lisa A.; Glidewell-Kenney, Christine; Pillai, Suresh; Tong, Minghan; Jameson, J. Larry] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Med Deans Adm, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Receptor Biol Sect, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Jameson, JL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Med Deans Adm, Dept Med, Morton 40-656,303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM ljameson@northwestern.edu RI Laronda, Monica/F-9136-2014; OI Bernhardt, Miranda/0000-0001-5424-5685; Jameson, James/0000-0001-9538-4059; Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [PO1 HD21921, T32 GM008061, U54-HD28934]; University of Virginia Center for Research in Reproduction Ligand Assay and Analysis Core; Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Grant PO1 HD21921, Training Grant T32 GM008061, NICHD (SCCPRR) Grant U54-HD28934 ( University of Virginia Center for Research in Reproduction Ligand Assay and Analysis Core), and the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 149 IS 12 BP 6198 EP 6206 DI 10.1210/en.2008-0122 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 376AX UT WOS:000261156300035 PM 18719025 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Zavala, A Valenzuela, OL Matousek, T Drobna, Z Dedina, J Garcia-Vargas, GG Thomas, DJ Del Razo, LM Styblo, M AF Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli Valenzuela, Olga L. Matousek, Tomas Drobna, Zuzana Dedina, Jiri Garcia-Vargas, Gonzalo G. Thomas, David J. Del Razo, Luz M. Styblo, Miroslav TI Speciation of Arsenic in Exfoliated Urinary Bladder Epithelial Cells from Individuals Exposed to Arsenic in Drinking Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic species; drinking water; exfoliated human urinary bladder epithelial cells ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; QUARTZ TUBE ATOMIZER; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; UROTHELIAL CELLS; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; METHYLARSONOUS ACID; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; SKIN-CANCER; MICRONUCLEI; GENERATION AB BACKGROUND: The concentration of arsenic in urine has been used as a marker of exposure to inorganic As (iAs). Relative proportions of urinary metabolites of iAs have been identified as potential biomarkers of susceptibility to iAs toxicity. However, the adverse effects of iAs exposure are ultimately determined by the concentrations of iAs metabolites in target tissues. OBJECTIVE: In this study we examined the feasibility of analyzing As species in cells that originate in the urinary bladder, a target organ for As-induced cancer in humans. METHODS: Exfoliated bladder epithelial cells (BECs) were collected from urine of 21 residents of Zimapan, Mexico, who were exposed to iAs in drinking water. We determined concentrations of iAs, methyll-As (MAs), and dimethyl-As (DMAs) in urine using conventional hydride generation-cryotrapping-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-CT-AAS). We used an optimized HG-CT-AAS technique with detection limits of 12-17 pg As for analysis of As species in BECs. RESULTS: All urine samples and 20 of 21 BEC samples contained detectable concentrations of iAs, MAs, and DMAs. Sums of concentrations of these As species in BECs ranged from 0.18 to 11.4 ng As/mg protein and in urine from 4.8 to 1,947 ng As/mL. We found no correlations between the concentrations or ratios of As species in BECs and in urine. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that urinary levels of iAs metabolites do not necessarily reflect levels of these metabolites in the bladder epithelium. Thus, analysis of As species in BECs may provide a more effective tool for risk assessment of bladder cancer and other urothelial diseases associated with exposures to iAs. C1 [Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Michael Hooker Res Ctr 2302, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Valenzuela, Olga L.; Del Razo, Luz M.] Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Secc Toxicol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Matousek, Tomas; Dedina, Jiri] ASCR, Inst Analyt Chem, Prague, Czech Republic. [Garcia-Vargas, Gonzalo G.] Univ Juarez Estado Durango, Fac Med, Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Michael Hooker Res Ctr 2302, CB 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu RI Dedina, Jiri/D-6793-2013; Matousek, Tomas/E-7226-2013 OI Dedina, Jiri/0000-0002-5561-913X; FU U.S. EPA/STAR [832735]; National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Research Collaboration award 1 [R03 TW007057]; U.S. EPA Cooperative Agreement [282952201]; ASCR [AV0Z40310500]; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [A400310507] FX This work was funded by U.S. EPA/STAR grant 832735 and by National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Research Collaboration award 1 R03 TW007057 to M.S. A.H.Z. was supported in part by U.S. EPA Cooperative Agreement 282952201, and T.M. and J.D. received support from the Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, (Project AV0Z40310500) and Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Project A400310507). NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1656 EP 1660 DI 10.1289/ehp.11503 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377ZG UT WOS:000261290300027 PM 19079716 ER PT J AU Schneider, A Neas, L Herbst, MC Case, M Williams, RW Cascio, W Hinderliter, A Holguin, F Buse, JB Dungan, K Styner, M Peters, A Devlin, RB AF Schneider, Alexandra Neas, Lucas Herbst, Margaret C. Case, Martin Williams, Ronald W. Cascio, Wayne Hinderliter, Alan Holguin, Fernando Buse, John B. Dungan, Kathleen Styner, Maya Peters, Annette Devlin, Robert B. TI Endothelial Dysfunction: Associations with Exposure to Ambient Fine Particles in Diabetic Individuals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; diabetes; endothelial dysfunction; environmental epidemiology; particulate matter ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; S-TRANSFERASE M1; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PULSE-WAVE ANALYSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; VASCULAR-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; ALLERGIC RESPONSES AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to fine airborne particulate matter [<= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5))] has been associated with cardiovascular and hematologic effects, especially in older people with cardiovascular disease. Some epidemiologic studies suggest that adults with diabetes also may be a particularly susceptible population. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the short-term effects of ambient PM(2.5) on markers of endothelial function in diabetic volunteers. METHODS: We conducted a prospective panel study in 22 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina (USA), from November 2004 to December 2005. We acquired daily measurements of PM(2.5) and meteorologic data at central monitoring sites. On 4 consecutive days, we measured endothelial function by brachial artery ultrasound in all participants and by pulsewave measurements in a subgroup. Data were analyzed using additive mixed models with a random participant effect and adjusted for season, day of the week, and meteorology. RESULTS: Flow-mediated dilatation decreased in association with PM(2.5) during the first 24 hr, whereas small-artery elasticity index decreased with a delay of 1 and 3 days. These PM(2.5)-associated decrements in endothelial function were greater among participants with a high body mass index, high glycosylated hemoglobin Ale, low adiponectin, or the null polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1. However, high levels of myeloperoxidase on the examination day led to strongest effects on endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that PM(2.5) exposure may cause immediate endothelial dysfunction. Clinical characteristics associated with insulin resistance were associated with enhanced effects of PM on endothelial function. In addition, participants with greater oxidative potential seem to be more susceptible. C1 [Schneider, Alexandra; Peters, Annette] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, Lucas; Case, Martin; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Herbst, Margaret C.; Hinderliter, Alan; Buse, John B.; Styner, Maya] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Williams, Ronald W.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cascio, Wayne] E Carolina Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Holguin, Fernando] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dungan, Kathleen] Ohio State Univ, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Peters, Annette] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Focus Network Nanoparticles & Hlth NanoHlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Schneider, A (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM alexandra.schneider@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Dungan, Kathleen/E-2999-2011; Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014; Peters, Annette/A-6117-2011; OI Buse, John/0000-0002-9723-3876 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [CR83346301]; Division of Research Resources [RR00046]; U.S. National Institutes of Health; Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health; Rochester Particle Center [RD832415]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX This study was funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cooperative agreement CR83346301, and by RR00046 from the General Clinical Research Centers program of the Division of Research Resources, U.S. National Institutes of Health. The analysis was performed in cooperation with the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health and partly funded by Rochester Particle Center grant RD832415.; Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a cooperative agreement with the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, it has nor been subjected to the agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 71 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1666 EP 1674 DI 10.1289/ehp.11666 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377ZG UT WOS:000261290300029 PM 19079718 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Serrell, N Evers, DC Fleishman, BJ Lambert, KF Weiss, J Mason, RP Bank, MS AF Chen, Celia Y. Serrell, Nancy Evers, David C. Fleishman, Bethany J. Lambert, Kathleen F. Weiss, Jeri Mason, Robert P. Bank, Michael S. TI Meeting Report: Methylmercury in Marine Ecosystems-From Sources to Seafood Consumers SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE bioaccumulation; human health; mercury biomonitoring; mercury exposure; methylmercury ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; FISH CONSUMPTION; MERCURY LEVELS; COMMON LOONS; HEAVY-METAL; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; MONOMETHYL MERCURY; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB Mercury and other contaminants in coastal and open-ocean ecosystems are an issue of great concern globally and in the United States, where consumption of marine fish and shellfish is a major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). A recent National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-Superfund Basic Research Program workshop titled "Fate and Bioavailability of Mercury in Aquatic Ecosystems and Effects on Human Exposure," convened by the Dartmouth Toxic Metals Research Program on 15-16 November 2006 in Durham, New Hampshire, brought together human health experts, marine scientists, and ecotoxicologists to encourage cross-disciplinary discussion between ecosystem and human health scientists and to articulate research and monitoring priorities to better understand how marine food webs have become contaminated with MeHg. Although human health effects of Hg contamination were a major theme, the workshop also explored effects on marine biota. The workgroup focused on three major topics: a) the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in marine ecosystems, b) the trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of MeHg in marine food webs, and c) human exposure to Hg from marine fish and shellfish consumption. The group concluded that current understanding of Hg in marine ecosystems across a range of habitats, chemical conditions, and ocean basins is severely data limited. An integrated research and monitoring program is needed to link the processes and mechanisms of MeHg production, bioaccumulation, and transfer with MeHg exposure in humans. C1 [Chen, Celia Y.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Serrell, Nancy; Fleishman, Bethany J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dartmouth Tox Met Res Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Evers, David C.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME USA. [Lambert, Kathleen F.] Ecol Anal & Commun, Woodstock, VT USA. [Weiss, Jeri] US EPA, Boston, MA USA. [Mason, Robert P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Avery Point, CT USA. [Bank, Michael S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, HB 6044, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM celia.chen@dartmouth.edu RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P42 ESO7373]; NIEHS Workshop G [3 P42 ES007373-13S1] FX This publication was made possible by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant P42 ESO7373 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and NIEHS Workshop G rant 3 P42 ES007373-13S1. NR 107 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 41 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1706 EP 1712 DI 10.1289/ehp.11211 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377ZG UT WOS:000261290300035 PM 19079724 ER PT J AU Beseler, CL Stallones, L Hoppin, JA Alavanja, MCR Blair, A Keefe, T Kamel, F AF Beseler, Cheryl L. Stallones, Lorann Hoppin, Jane A. Alavanja, Michael C. R. Blair, Aaron Keefe, Thomas Kamel, Freya TI Depression and Pesticide Exposures among Private Pesticide Applicators Enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cumulative exposure; depression; farm applicators; pesticides; pesticide poisoning ID CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; PON1 POLYMORPHISMS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; MAJOR DEPRESSION; FARM RESIDENTS; SHEEP DIP; SYMPTOMS; COHORT; NEUROTOXICITY AB BACKGROUND: We evaluated the relationship between diagnosed depression and pesticide exposure using information from private pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study between 1993 and 1997 in Iowa and North Carolina. METHODS: There were 534 cases who self-reported a physician-diagnosed depression and 17,051 controls who reported never having been diagnosed with depression and did not feel depressed more than once a week in the past year. Lifetime pesticide exposure was categorized in three mutually exclusive groups: low (< 226 days, the reference group), intermediate (226-752 days), and high (> 752 days). Two additional measures represented acute high-intensity pesticide exposures: an unusually high pesticide exposure event (HPEE) and physician-diagnosed pesticide poisoning. Logistic regression analyses were performed relating pesticide exposure to depression. RESULTS: After adjusting for state, age, education, marital status, doctor visits, alcohol use, smoking, solvent exposure, not currently having crops or animals, and ever working a job off the farm, pesticide poisoning was more strongly associated with depression [odds ratio (OR) = 2.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.74-3.79] than intermediate (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87-1.31) or high (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.87-1.42) cumulative exposure or an HPEE (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33-2.05). In analysis of a subgroup without a history of acute poisoning, high cumulative exposure was significantly associated with depression (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.16-2.04). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that both acute high-intensity and cumulative pesticide exposure may contribute,to depression in pesticide applicators. Our study is unique in reporting that depression is also associated with chronic pesticide exposure in the absence of a physician-diagnosed poisoning. C1 [Beseler, Cheryl L.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Beseler, Cheryl L.; Stallones, Lorann] Colorado State Univ, Dept Psychol, Colorado Injury Control Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Beseler, Cheryl L.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Environm Agr & Occupat Hlth, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.; Kamel, Freya] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Alavanja, Michael C. R.; Blair, Aaron] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Keefe, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Beseler, CL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 984395 UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM cbeseler@unmc.edu OI Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program FX This research was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program (Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences). NR 40 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1713 EP 1719 DI 10.1289/ehp.11091 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377ZG UT WOS:000261290300036 PM 19079725 ER PT J AU Payne-Sturges, D Kemp, D AF Payne-Sturges, Devon Kemp, Debra TI Ten Years of Addressing Children's Health through Regulatory Policy at the US Environmental Protection Agency SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children's environmental health; EPA's policy on evaluating health risks to children; Executive Order 13045 AB BACKGROUND: Executive Order (EO) 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks, directs each federal agency to ensure that its policies, programs, activities, and standards address disproportionate environmental health and safety risks to children. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed regulatory actions published by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Federal Register from April 1998 through December 2006 to evaluate applicability of EO 13045 to U.S. EPA actions and consideration of children's health issues in U.S. EPA rulemakings. DISCUSSION: Although virtually all actions discussed EO 13045, fewer than two regulations per year, on average, were subject to the EO requirement to evaluate children's environmental health risks. Nonetheless, U.S. EPA considered children's environmental health in all actions addressing health or safety risks that may disproportionately affect children. CONCLUSION: The EO does not apply to a broad enough set of regulatory actions to ensure protection of children's health and safety risks, largely because of the small number of rules that are economically significant. However, given the large number of regulations that consider children's health issues despite not being subject to the EO, other statutory requirements and agency policies reach a larger set of regulations to ensure protection of children's environmental health. C1 [Payne-Sturges, Devon] US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kemp, Debra] ABT Associates Inc, Environm & Resources Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Payne-Sturges, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect & Environm Educ, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8723F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM payne-sturges.devon@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA [EP-W-04-049, 68-W-02-048]; Abt Associates Inc.; ICF International [68-D9-9019] FX Support for this analysis was funded through U.S. EPA Contract EP-W-04-049 and provided by Abt Associates Inc. under subcontract to ICF international, Inc. Other research was conducted by Abt Associates under U.S. EPA Contract 68-W-02-048 and ICF International under U.S. EPA Contract 68-D9-9019. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1720 EP 1724 DI 10.1289/ehp.11390 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377ZG UT WOS:000261290300037 PM 19079726 ER PT J AU Huff, J Jacobson, MF Davis, DL AF Huff, James Jacobson, Michael F. Davis, Devra Lee TI Longer Rodent Bioassay: Huff et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURE C1 [Huff, James] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jacobson, Michael F.] Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Devra Lee] Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Environm Oncol,Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM huff1@niehs.nih.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 116 IS 12 BP A517 EP A518 DI 10.1289/ehp.11964R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377ZG UT WOS:000261290300004 ER PT J AU Ye, XB Strynar, MJ Nakayama, SF Varns, J Helfant, L Lazorchak, J Lindstrom, AB AF Ye, Xibiao Strynar, Mark J. Nakayama, Shoji F. Varns, Jerry Helfant, Larry Lazorchak, James Lindstrom, Andrew B. TI Perfluorinated compounds in whole fish homogenates from the Ohio, Missouri, and Upper Mississippi Rivers, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs); Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); Fish; Method validation ID GREAT-LAKES; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; WATER; SURFACTANTS; HUMANS; CHAIN; BASIN; ACIDS AB A method for the analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in whole fish homogenate is presented and applied to 60 fish samples collected from the Ohio, Missouri, and upper Mississippi Rivers in 2005. Method accuracy ranged between 86 and 125% with limits of quantitation between 0.2 and 10 ng/g wet weight. Intra- and inter-batch precision was generally +/- 20%. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant compound identified in these samples, contributing over 80% of total PFC composition in the fish from these rivers, with median PFOS concentrations of 24.4, 31.8, and 53.9 ng/g wet wt in the Missouri, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers, respectively. Median PFOS levels were significantly (p = 0.01) elevated in piscivorous fish (88.0 ng/g) when compared with non-piscivorous fish (15.9 ng/g). The 10 samples with PFOS concentrations above 200 ng/g were broadly scattered across all three rivers, providing evidence of the widespread presence of this compound in these US waterways. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ye, Xibiao; Strynar, Mark J.; Nakayama, Shoji F.; Varns, Jerry; Helfant, Larry; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lazorchak, James] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lindstrom.andrew@epa.gov RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008; OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency; Waters Corporation through Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [392-06] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency. We thank Cameron Ross, Catherine Clark, Sarah Schaefer and Melissa Keckeis of the Dynamac Corporation, c/o US EPA NERL Cincinnati, for the initial fish tissue homogenization and aliquot preparation for this study. Support from Waters Corporation through Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (# 392-06) is gratefully acknowledged. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3 BP 1227 EP 1232 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.014 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MW UT WOS:000261678700083 PM 18455845 ER PT J AU Sobus, JR Pleil, JD Madden, MC Funk, WE Hubbard, HF Rappaport, SM AF Sobus, Jon R. Pleil, Joachim D. Madden, Michael C. Funk, William E. Hubbard, Heidi F. Rappaport, Stephen M. TI Identification of Surrogate Measures of Diesel Exhaust Exposure in a Controlled Chamber Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; TRUCKING INDUSTRY; HUMAN URINE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; LUNG-CANCER; AIR; NAPHTHALENE AB Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) has been associated with acute cardiopulmonary and vascular responses, chronic noncancer health effects, and respiratory cancers in humans. To better understand DE exposures and eventually their related health effects, we established a controlled chamber experiment wherein human volunteer subjects were exposed to approximately 100 mu g/m(3) DE. In general, human exposure assessment for DE is based on ambient air measurements of surrogates such as elemental carbon (EC) or total organic carbon (OC) collected on filters. As specific health effect mechanisms and dose-response are obscured by the complex composition of DE, the linkage from exposure to internal dose can presumably be improved by use of specific biomarkers and metabolites in blood, breath, or urine. Because EC and OC are not suitable as biomarkers, in this study, we focus on identifying compounds that are demonstrated indicators of DE and can also be found in biological fluids. We measured an assortment of volatile, semivolatile, and particle-bound aromatic compounds in the chamber air and report their airborne concentrations in DE and purified air, as well as the estimated values of the corresponding exposure ratios (mean DE air concentration:mean purified air concentration). These estimated exposure ratios were used to identify naphthalene (Nap) and phenanthrene (Phe) as potentially useful surrogates for DE exposure that could also serve as biomarkers. Estimated mean levels of Nap and Phe associated with the nominal 100 mu g/m(3) DE were 2600 and 765 ng/m(3) with estimated exposure ratios of 252 and 92.4, respectively. Nap levels were significantly correlated with OC and total particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Phe levels were significantly correlated with total volatile + semivolatile PAHs. These results suggest that Nap and Phe may be particularly useful surrogates for DE concentrations. While Nap and Phe are not validated here as internal biomarkers of DE exposure, we are currently assessing human biological specimens collected during this study and will discuss those results in ensuing papers. C1 [Sobus, Jon R.; Funk, William E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pleil, Joachim D.; Hubbard, Heidi F.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Rappaport, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32 ES7018]; Chapel Hill FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here. Chamber operation was conducted under Contract EP-D-05-101 to TRC Environmental Corporation. Analyses of OC and EC, along with aromatic analyte standards preparation, were performed under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Sciences and Technology. Training Grant T32 ES7018 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, provided partial support. Some funding was provided for operational support through EPA's Student Services Contracts Program. This work has been Subjected to Environmental Protection Agency review and approved for publication. We appreciate the expert advice, assistance, and review from Jon Berntsen of TRC, Karen Oliver and Hunter Daughtrey of Alion, and Alan Vette, Nicolle Tulve, Myriarn Medina-Vera, and Linda Sheldon of U.S. EPA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 8822 EP 8828 DI 10.1021/es800813v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378FS UT WOS:000261307200038 PM 19192804 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Shoemaker, JA De La Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Shoemaker, Jody A. De La Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Unveiling New Degradation Intermediates/Pathways from the Photocatalytic Degradation of Microcystin-LR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; SOL-GEL METHOD; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TIO2 FILMS; WATER; OXIDATION; CYANOTOXINS; MECHANISMS; PRODUCTS; CONTAMINANTS AB Mass spectrometry was utilized for structural identification of the intermediates formed during the photocatalytic degradation of the cyanotoxin, microcystin-LR with immobilized TiO(2) photocatalysts at neutral pH. Most of the intermediates reported herein have not been found in prior studies. Results indicate that MC-LR degradation is initiated at four sites of the toxin; three on the Adda amino acid (aromatic ring, methoxy group, and conjugated double bonds) and one on the cyclic structure (Mdha amino acid). Several intermediates gave multiple peaks in the TIC (m/z = 1011.5, 1029.5, 1063.5), which were deduced to be geometrical or constitutional isomers. This is the first study that reports the hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and the demethoxylation of MC-LR with TiO(2) photocatalysis. The most targeted site was the conjugated diene bonds because of their location in the MC-LR structure. Isomerization at the C(4)-C(5) and C(6)-C(7) of the diene bond of the Adda chain was a direct result of hydroxyl radical addition/substitution. Based on the above, we concluded that oxidation and isomerization of the diene bonds of MC-LR occurred simultaneously. Other steps included hydroxyl substitution, further oxidation, and bond cleavage. As the reaction time progressed, simultaneous oxidation of the Adda chain and the cyclic structure occurred. C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shoemaker, Jody A.; De La Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0448117]; U.S. EPA [RD-83322301]; Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati (UC); Sigma Xi, The Scientific Society; Rindsberg Foundation of UC; University Research Council of UC FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation through a CAREER Award (BES-0448117) to D.D.D., the U.S. EPA (RD-83322301), and the Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati (UC). M.G.A. is grateful to Sigma Xi, The Scientific Society for a Grant-in-Aid of Research Fellowship, the Rindsberg Foundation of UC, and the University Research Council of UC for a Summer Research Fellowship. Disclaimer: Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 41 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 8877 EP 8883 DI 10.1021/es801637z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378FS UT WOS:000261307200046 PM 19192812 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Vivian, DN Delos, C Barron, MG AF Raimondo, Sandy Vivian, Deborah N. Delos, Charles Barron, Mace G. TI PROTECTIVENESS OF SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTION HAZARD CONCENTRATIONS FOR ACUTE TOXICITY USED IN ENDANGERED SPECIES RISK ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Risk assessment; Aquatic toxicology; Species sensitivity distributions ID ASSESSING CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; WATER MUSSELS UNIONIDAE; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; INTERSPECIES CORRELATION MODELS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; UN-IONIZED AMMONIA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; RAZORBACK SUCKER; QUALITY GUIDANCE AB A primary objective of threatened and endangered species conservation is to ensure that chemical contaminants and other stressors do not adversely affect listed species. Assessments of the ecological risks of chemical exposures to listed species often rely on the use of surrogate species, safety factors, and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of chemical toxicity; however, the protectiveness of these approaches can be uncertain. We comprehensively evaluated the protectiveness of SSD first and fifth percentile hazard concentrations (HC1, HC5) relative to the application of safety factors using 68 SSDs generated from 1,482 acute ( lethal concentration of 50%, or LC50) toxicity records for 291 species, including 24 endangered species ( 20 fish, four mussels). The SSD HC5s and HC1s were lower than 97 and 99.5% of all endangered species mean acute LC50s, respectively. The HC5s were significantly less than the concentrations derived from applying safety factors of 5 and 10 to rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) toxicity data, and the HC1s were generally lower than the concentrations derived from a safety factor of 100 applied to rainbow trout toxicity values. Comparison of relative sensitivity ( SSD percentiles) of broad taxonomic groups showed that crustaceans were generally the most sensitive taxa and taxa sensitivity was related to chemical mechanism of action. Comparison of relative sensitivity of narrow fish taxonomic groups showed that standard test fish species were generally less sensitive than salmonids and listed fish. We recommend the use of SSDs as a distribution-based risk assessment approach that is generally protective of listed species. C1 [Raimondo, Sandy; Vivian, Deborah N.; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Delos, Charles] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov FU U. S. EPA FX The authors thank T. Digirolamo, N. Lemoine, C. Chancy, C. McGill, S. Kell, J. Awkerman, M. Marchetto, and T. Augspurger. The information in this document has been funded by the U. S. EPA. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U. S. EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2599 EP 2607 DI 10.1897/08-157.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 393UQ UT WOS:000262399300023 PM 18699704 ER PT J AU Testa, JM Kemp, WM Boynton, WR Hagy, JD AF Testa, Jeremy M. Kemp, W. Michael Boynton, Walter R. Hagy, James D., III TI Long-Term Changes in Water Quality and Productivity in the Patuxent River Estuary: 1985 to 2003 SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Water quality; Patuxent River; Box model ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; HUDSON RIVER; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT-LIMITATION; PHYSICAL TRANSPORT; NORTH-CAROLINA AB We conducted a quantitative assessment of estuarine ecosystem responses to reduced phosphorus and nitrogen loading from sewage treatment facilities and to variability in freshwater flow and nonpoint nutrient inputs to the Patuxent River estuary. We analyzed a 19-year dataset of water quality conditions, nutrient loading, and climatic forcing for three estuarine regions and also computed monthly rates of net production of dissolved O(2) and physical transport of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) using a salt- and water-balance model. Point-source loading of DIN and DIP to the estuary declined by 40-60% following upgrades to sewage treatment plants and correlated with parallel decreases in DIN and DIP concentrations throughout the Patuxent. Reduced point-source nutrient loading and concentration resulted in declines in phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and light-saturated carbon fixation, as well as in bottom-layer O(2) consumption for upper regions of the estuary. Despite significant reductions in seaward N transport from the middle to lower estuary, chl-a, turbidity, and surface-layer net O(2) production increased in the lower estuary, especially during summer. This degradation of water quality in the lower estuary appears to be linked to a trend of increasing net inputs of DIN into the estuary from Chesapeake Bay and to above-average river flow during the mid-1990s. In addition, increased abundance of Mnemiopsis leidyi significantly reduced copepod abundance during summer from 1990 to 2002, which favored increases in chl-a and allowed a shift in total N partitioning from DIN to particulate organic nitrogen. These analyses illustrate (1) the value of long-term monitoring data, (2) the need for regional scale nutrient management that includes integrated estuarine systems, and (3) the potential water quality impacts of altered coastal food webs. C1 [Testa, Jeremy M.; Kemp, W. Michael] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Boynton, Walter R.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Hagy, James D., III] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Testa, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM jtesta@hpl.umces.edu RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; Testa, Jeremy/C-7189-2013; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012 OI Testa, Jeremy/0000-0003-0027-9761; Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833 FU Horn Point Laboratory Research Fellowship; NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System Graduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation [BES-0618986]; Department of Commerce, NOAA [NA07NOS4780191]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We are indebted to L. Sanford for critical reviews of previous drafts and many helpful suggestions. L. Linker generously provided output data from the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model. D. Kimmel helped with statistical analyses. Data were kindly provided by the Chesapeake Bay Program and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. This work was funded by a Horn Point Laboratory Research Fellowship, a NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System Graduate Research Fellowship, the National Science Foundation (BES-0618986), and the Department of Commerce, NOAA (NA07NOS4780191). This is contribution No. 4215 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1337 from the Gulf Ecology division. NR 64 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1037 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9095-y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 369IA UT WOS:000260686700001 ER PT J AU Oczkowski, A Nixon, S Granger, S El-Sayed, AFM Altabet, M McKinney, R AF Oczkowski, Autumn Nixon, Scott Granger, Steve El-Sayed, Abdel-Fattah M. Altabet, Mark McKinney, Richard TI A Preliminary Survey of the Nitrogen and Carbon Isotope Characteristics of Fish from the Lagoons of Egypt's Nile Delta SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Stable isotope; Nitrogen; Carbon; Egypt; Lagoons; Nile delta ID ORGANIC-MATTER SOURCES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; COASTAL LAGOON; WASTE-WATER; FRESH-WATER; POLLUTION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The present study reports nitrogen and carbon stable isotope data (delta 15N and delta 13C) from four large (63-400 km2), shallow (similar to 1 m) coastal lagoons on Egypt's Nile Delta. While the lagoons all receive sewage and agricultural drainage, the magnitude of loading varies. In this preliminary survey, we document wide variability in the delta 15sN and delta 13 isotope values of major fish groups among these lagoons. There were no consistent or significant differences among the major groups of fish, including carp, catfish, mullet, and tilapia. There was a strong positive correlation (R 2 C=0.84) between the average delta 15N values of fish muscle and estimated water residence time among the lagoons. This preliminary evidence suggests that nitrogen cycle transformations may be more important than primary N source differences in determining N isotopic ratios of organisms in the lagoons. The delta 13 results point to the probable importance of autochthonous particulate organic matter rather than terrestrial detritus or marine plankton in the diets of resident fish populations in the lagoons. C1 [Oczkowski, Autumn; Nixon, Scott; Granger, Steve] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [El-Sayed, Abdel-Fattah M.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Sci, Dept Oceanog, Alexandria, Egypt. [Altabet, Mark] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [McKinney, Richard] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Oczkowski, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ajo@gso.uri.edu OI Oczkowski, Autumn/0000-0002-2421-0956 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE 0526332]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) FX We thank Youssef Halim, Soha Hamede, Edward Merchant, Amy Van Keuren, Betty Buckley, Lin Zhang, and Taixing Wu for their help in sample collection, preparation, and analysis and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. This work was funded by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Biological Oceanography award no. OCE 0526332, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship Program. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1130 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9102-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 369IA UT WOS:000260686700009 ER PT J AU Schofield, KA Pringle, CM Meyer, JL Rosi-Marshall, EJ AF Schofield, K. A. Pringle, C. M. Meyer, J. L. Rosi-Marshall, E. J. TI Functional redundancy of stream macroconsumers despite differences in catchment land use SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electric exclusion; land use; redundancy; streams; top-down ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FOOD-WEB; PERIPHYTON; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATORS AB 1. The conversion of forested landscapes to agriculture and, increasingly, to suburban and urban development significantly affects the structure and function of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. While a growing body of research is examining how biotic communities change in response to human alteration of landscapes, less is known about how these changes in community structure affect biotic interactions. 2. The objective of this study was to examine top-down control by macroconsumers (fish and crayfish) across a human-impacted landscape. We predicted that changes in stream macroconsumers and physicochemical characteristics associated with increased catchment development (e.g. decreased abundance of fish that are obligate benthic invertivores, increased sedimentation) would diminish top-down control of benthic insects. We expected that effects on algal assemblages would be more variable, with increased top-down control at sites dominated by algivorous fish and diminished control elsewhere. To test these predictions, we experimentally excluded fish and crayfish from areas of the bed of five streams whose catchments ranged from 100% to < 50% forested, and examined the effects of exclusion on benthic insects and algae. 3. Despite cross-site differences in physical, chemical and biological characteristics, the outcome of our experiments was consistent across five sites representing a range of catchment development. Across all sites, macroconsumers reduced total insect biomass, largely due to decreases in Chironomidae and Hydropsychidae larvae. Macroconsumers also affected algal assemblages, reducing chlorophyll-a and the proportion of upright and filamentous diatoms (e.g. Melosira, Cymbella) but increasing the proportion of adnate diatoms (e.g. Achnanthes) across all sites. 4. We expected that differences in factors such as macroconsumer assemblage composition, nutrient and light availability and sedimentation would result in variable responses to macroconsumer exclusion in the five streams. Contrary to these expectations, only one response variable (ash-free dry mass) showed a statistically significant interaction (i.e. site x exclusion) effect. Most responses to exclusion were relatively consistent, suggesting functional redundancy in assemblages of macroconsumers among the sites despite differences in catchment land use. C1 [Schofield, K. A.; Pringle, C. M.; Meyer, J. L.; Rosi-Marshall, E. J.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Schofield, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM schofield.kate@epa.gov RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 FU NSF [DEB-96-32854] FX This research was supported by NSF grant DEB-96-32854 to the Coweeta LTER site. Thanks to K. Kearns, S. Pohlman, A. Ramirez and M. Scott for their help with field and lab work; J.B. Wallace for temperature data and J. Greenwood and T. Clason for algal composition analysis. Special thanks are extended to the Asheville Country Club and Patterson Oil Company, who generously allowed us access to our study reaches, and to R. and C. Chapman, who provided us a home (and a makeshift lab) for the summer. The Pringle lab group, K. Kearns, M. Freeman, C. Jennings, J.B. Wallace and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2587 EP 2599 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02085.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 369CF UT WOS:000260670100020 ER PT J AU Craig, LS Palmer, MA Richardson, DC Filoso, S Bernhardt, ES Bledsoe, BP Doyle, MW Groffman, PM Hassett, BA Kaushal, SS Mayer, PM Smith, SM Wilcock, PR AF Craig, Laura S. Palmer, Margaret A. Richardson, David C. Filoso, Solange Bernhardt, Emily S. Bledsoe, Brian P. Doyle, Martin W. Groffman, Peter M. Hassett, Brooke A. Kaushal, Sujay S. Mayer, Paul M. Smith, Sean M. Wilcock, Peter R. TI Stream restoration strategies for reducing river nitrogen loads SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID TRANSIENT STORAGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; NORTHEASTERN USA; RIPARIAN FOREST; AMMONIUM UPTAKE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; NITRATE AB Despite decades of work on implementing best management practices to reduce the movement of excess nitrogen (N) to aquatic ecosystems, the amount of N in streams and rivers remains high in many watersheds. Stream restoration has become increasingly popular, yet efforts to quantify N-removal benefits are only just beginning. Natural resource managers are asking scientists to provide advice for reducing the downstream flux of N. Here, we propose a framework for prioritizing restoration sites that involves identifying where potential N loads are large due to sizeable sources and efficient delivery to streams, and when the majority of N is exported. Small streams (1st-3rd order) with considerable loads delivered during low to moderate flows offer the greatest opportunities for N removal. We suggest approaches that increase in-stream carbon availability, contact between the water and benthos, and connections between streams and adjacent terrestrial environments. Because of uncertainties concerning the magnitude of N reduction possible, potential approaches should be tested in various landscape contexts; until more is known, stream restoration alone is not appropriate for compensatory mitigation and should be seen as complementary to land-based best management practices. C1 [Craig, Laura S.; Palmer, Margaret A.; Richardson, David C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Palmer, Margaret A.; Filoso, Solange; Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Bernhardt, Emily S.; Hassett, Brooke A.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Doyle, Martin W.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Ada, OK USA. [Smith, Sean M.; Wilcock, Peter R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Craig, LS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lscraig@umd.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Wilcock, Peter/A-3299-2010; Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; Filoso, Solange/G-4461-2015; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU Maryland Power Plant Restoration Program; Versar Inc; National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) [X3832206]; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory [4142] FX This research was supported by the Maryland Power Plant Restoration Program and Versar Inc (LSC, MAP, DCR) along with the US ERVs National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) STAR program, X3832206 (MAP). The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. This is Contribution No 4142 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. NR 55 TC 117 Z9 129 U1 21 U2 145 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 6 IS 10 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1890/070080 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378FM UT WOS:000261306600018 ER PT J AU Motsinger-Reif, AA Reif, DM Fanelli, TJ Ritchie, MD AF Motsinger-Reif, Alison A. Reif, David M. Fanelli, Theresa J. Ritchie, Marylyn D. TI A Comparison of Analytical Methods for Genetic Association Studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic association study; epistasis; multifactor dimensionality reduction; grammatical evolution neural networks; focused interaction testing framework ID MULTIFACTOR-DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; RANDOM FORESTS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; HUMAN-DISEASES; EPISTASIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLASSIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; OPTIMIZATION; STATISTICS AB The explosion of genetic information over the last decade presents an analytical challenge for genetic association Studies. As the number of genetic variables examined per individual increases, both variable selection and statistical modeling tasks must be performed during analysis. While these tasks Could be performed separately, coupling them is necessary to select meaningful variables that effectively model the data. This challenge is heightened due to the complex nature of the phenotypes under Study and the complex underlying genetic etiologies. To address this problem, a number of novel methods have been developed. In the current study, we compare the performance of six analytical approaches to detect both main effects and gene-gene interactions in a range of genetic models. Multifactor dimensionality reduction, grammatical evolution neural networks, random forests, focused interaction testing framework, step-wise logistic regression, and explicit logistic regression were compared. As one might expect, the relative Success of each method is context dependent. This study demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of each method and illustrates the importance of continued methods development. Genet. Epidemiol. 32:767-778, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Ritchie, Marylyn D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Motsinger-Reif, Alison A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reif, David M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ritchie, MD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Human Genet Res, 519 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM ritchie@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu RI Ritchie, Marylyn/C-1114-2012; OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU National Institutes of Health [HL-65962, GM62758, AG20135] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Contract grant numbers: HL-65962; GM62758; AG20135. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0741-0395 EI 1098-2272 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 8 BP 767 EP 778 DI 10.1002/gepi.20345 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 383LW UT WOS:000261676100003 PM 18561203 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI EPA's sustainable infrastructure initiative SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 42 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00181.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 266ZT UT WOS:000253478200001 ER PT J AU Heisler, J Glibert, PM Burkholder, JM Anderson, DM Cochlan, W Dennison, WC Dortch, Q Gobler, CJ Heil, CA Humphries, E Lewitus, A Magnien, R Marshall, HG Sellner, K Stockwell, DA Stoecker, DK Suddleson, M AF Heisler, J. Glibert, P. M. Burkholder, J. M. Anderson, D. M. Cochlan, W. Dennison, W. C. Dortch, Q. Gobler, C. J. Heil, C. A. Humphries, E. Lewitus, A. Magnien, R. Marshall, H. G. Sellner, K. Stockwell, D. A. Stoecker, D. K. Suddleson, M. TI Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Eutrophication; Harmful algal blooms; HABs; Management of nutrients; Nutrient loading; Nutrient composition; Nutrient pollution; US EPA; Water quality ID BROWN-TIDE BLOOMS; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS PELAGOPHYCEAE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; LONG-TERM CHANGES; N-P RATIOS; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COASTAL BAYS; DOMOIC ACID AB In January 2003, the US Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a "roundtable discussion" to develop a consensus on the relationship between eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically targeting those relationships for which management actions may be appropriate. Academic, federal, and state agency representatives were in attendance. The following seven statements were unanimously adopted by attendees based on review and analysis of current as well as pertinent previous data: (1) Degraded water quality from increased nutrient pollution promotes the development and persistence of many HABs and is one of the reasons for their expansion in the U.S. and other nations; (2) The composition-not just the total quantity-of the nutrient pool impacts HABs; (3) High-biomass blooms must have exogenous nutrients to be sustained; (4) Both chronic and episodic nutrient delivery promote HAB development; (5) Recently developed tools and techniques are already improving the detection of some HABs, and emerging technologies are rapidly advancing toward operational status for the prediction of HABs and their toxins; (6) Experimental studies are critical to further the understanding about the role of nutrients in HABs expression, and will strengthen prediction and mitigation of HABs; and (7) Management of nutrient inputs to the watershed can lead to significant reduction in HABs. Supporting evidence and pertinent examples for each consensus statement are provided herein. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heisler, J.] US EPA, Oceans & Coastal Protect Div, Marine Pollut Control Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Glibert, P. M.; Dennison, W. C.; Stoecker, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Burkholder, J. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Anderson, D. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cochlan, W.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Dortch, Q.; Suddleson, M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gobler, C. J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Heil, C. A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Humphries, E.] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Water Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Lewitus, A.] Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Lewitus, A.] Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Lewitus, A.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Magnien, R.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Marshall, H. G.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Sellner, K.] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Stockwell, D. A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Glibert, PM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM glibert@hpl.umces.edu RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; stoecker, diane/F-9341-2013; glibert, patricia/G-1026-2013 OI glibert, patricia/0000-0001-5690-1674 FU US EPA; NOAA MERHAB [NA04NOS4780241]; University of Maryland [4120] FX The "roundtable" discussion which forms the basis of this paper was funded by the US EPA. Meeting support was provided by Battelle. J. Hawkey assisted with logistics and graphics. PMG's time to prepare this manuscript was provided by grant NA04NOS4780241 from NOAA MERHAB. This is contribution number 4120 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and MERHAB contrubution number 58.[SS] NR 158 TC 458 Z9 488 U1 68 U2 442 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.006 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400002 ER PT J AU Karlsson, A Ungerback, J Rasmussen, A French, JE Soderkvist, P AF Karlsson, Anneli Ungerback, Jonas Rasmussen, Anna French, John E. Soderkvist, Peter TI Notch1 is a frequent mutational target in chemically induced lymphoma in mouse SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE TAN-1; hN1; butadiene; dideoxycytidine; phenolphthalein ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; T-CELL LEUKEMOGENESIS; THYMIC LYMPHOMAS; GENE; P53; ACTIVATION; MICE; DELETIONS; RECEPTOR; 2,3-DIDEOXYCYTIDINE AB Activating Notch1 mutations have been reported in human T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and lymphomas from genetically modified mice. We report that Notch1 is a prevalent and major mutational target in chemically induced mouse lymphoma. The regions of the gene that are frequently mutated are the hterodimerization domain and the N-terminal ligand-binding region, important for protein stability, and (he polypeptide rich in proline, glutamate, serine and threonine WEST) domains, which is critical for protein degradation. Another gene, CDC4, is also involved in Notch1 degradation and shows frequent mutations. Mutations in the heterodimerization and the ligand-binding regions may cause ligand-independent signaling. whereas mutations preventing protein degradation result in accumulation of intracellular Notch1. We analyzed 103 chemical-induced mouse lymphomas for mutations in the Notch1 gene using single strand conformation analysis (SSCA) and DNA sequencing. Genetic alterations resulting in premature truncation of Notch I were identified in 28 tumors, whereas 8 revealed alterations in the heterodimerization and 16 harbored deletions in the ligand-binding region. Dideoxycytidine-induced lymphomas displayed the highest frequency of Notch1 mutations (49%). whereas in butadiene- and phenolphthalein-indced tumors showed lower frequencies (26 10%, respectively). In total, 26 novel and 3 previously reported mutations were detected. This report shows that Notch1 is a prevalent and major mtational target for 2',3'-dideoxycytidine and butadiene-induced lymphoma.. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Karlsson, Anneli; Ungerback, Jonas; Rasmussen, Anna; Soderkvist, Peter] Linkoping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, S-58185 Linkoping, Sweden. [French, John E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Karlsson, A (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, S-58185 Linkoping, Sweden. EM annka@ibk.liu.se FU Swedish Cancer Society; Country Council of Ostergotland FX Grant sponsors: the Swedish Cancer Society, the Country Council of Ostergotland. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 123 IS 11 BP 2720 EP 2724 DI 10.1002/ijc.23832 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 371PT UT WOS:000260844100032 PM 18798262 ER PT J AU Welch, JM Lu, J Rodriguiz, RM Trotta, NC Peca, J Ding, JD Feliciano, C Chen, M Adams, JP Luo, J Dudek, SM Weinberg, RJ Calakos, N Wetsel, WC Feng, G AF Welch, J. M. Lu, J. Rodriguiz, R. M. Trotta, N. C. Peca, J. Ding, J-D. Feliciano, C. Chen, M. Adams, J. Paige Luo, J. Dudek, S. M. Weinberg, R. J. Calakos, N. Wetsel, W. C. Feng, G. TI Synaptic and circuitry mechanisms of obsessive compulsive-like behaviors in mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Asilomar, CA SP Int Soc Dev Neruosci C1 [Welch, J. M.; Lu, J.; Rodriguiz, R. M.; Trotta, N. C.; Peca, J.; Feliciano, C.; Chen, M.; Calakos, N.; Wetsel, W. C.; Feng, G.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Ding, J-D.; Weinberg, R. J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Adams, J. Paige; Dudek, S. M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Peca, Joao/K-7900-2013 OI Peca, Joao/0000-0003-4989-2129 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 26 IS 8 BP 835 EP 835 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.09.033 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 387CL UT WOS:000261929200024 ER PT J AU Resnik, DB AF Resnik, David B. TI Freedom of speech in government science SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Resnik, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM resnlkd@nlehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 249PT UT WOS:000252241900017 PM 19295665 ER PT J AU Santora, M Wilson, RJ AF Santora, Marc Wilson, Rande J. TI Resilient and Sustainable Water Infrastructure SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Santora, Marc] US EPA, Off Budget, Trust Funds & Adm Anal, Washington, DC USA. [Wilson, Rande J.] Comp Sci Corp, Water Programs, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. RP Santora, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Budget, Trust Funds & Adm Anal, Washington, DC USA. EM santora.marc@epa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 12 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 384XL UT WOS:000261777400008 ER PT J AU Muhammad, N Sinha, R Krishnan, ER Piao, H Patterson, CL Cotruvo, J Cumberland, SL Nero, VP Delandra, C AF Muhammad, Nur Sinha, Rajib Krishnan, E. Radha Piao, Haishan Patterson, Craig L. Cotruvo, Joseph Cumberland, Scott L. Nero, Vincent P. Delandra, Carol TI Evaluating surrogates for Cryptosporidium removal in point-of-use systems SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CELL-SURFACE PROPERTIES; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; PLANT PERFORMANCE; PARVUM OOCYSTS; GIARDIA CYSTS; FILTRATION; WATER; HYDROPHOBICITY; MICROSPHERES; RISK AB Because of their small size, Cryptosporidium oocysts cannot be easily filtered from water. This study evaluated the use of surrogates for measuring the microbial treatment performance of two point-of-use devices incorporating filtration with electrostatic charge interaction mechanisms. Both systems were challenged with Cryptosporidium oocysts (4-6 mu m), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores (similar to 1.2 mu m), polystyrene latex (PSL) beads (similar to 3 mu m), Escherichia coli, and MS2 bacteriophage. The target biological contaminants were more effectively removed than the PSL beads, and the smaller B. subtilis spores mimicked Cryptosporidium oocyst removal more closely than the similar to 3-mu m PSL beads. Thus, surface charge appears to be an important factor for microorganism attachment, and B. subtilis spores should be considered a more appropriate surrogate than PSL beads for evaluating Cryptosporidium movement through charged media. For noncharged devices, PSL beads may still be useful as a surrogate for Cryptosporidium. C1 [Muhammad, Nur] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, USEPA, Test & Evaluat Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. [Piao, Haishan] SBR Technol Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Patterson, Craig L.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Cotruvo, Joseph] Joseph Cotruvo & Associates, Washington, DC USA. [Cumberland, Scott L.] Clorox Co, Pleasanton, CA USA. [Nero, Vincent P.; Delandra, Carol] KX Technol LLC, Res & Dev Lab, West Haven, CT USA. RP Muhammad, N (reprint author), Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, USEPA, Test & Evaluat Facil, 1600 Gest St, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. EM nur.muhammad@shawgrp.com NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 12 BP 98 EP 107 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 384XL UT WOS:000261777400015 ER PT J AU James, JB Genthner, FJ AF James, J. B. Genthner, F. J. TI Construction of genetically engineered Streptococcus gordonii strains to provide control in QPCR assays for assessing microbiological quality of recreational water SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical quality control; environmental water; molecular genetic; polymerase chain reaction; Streptococci ID PCR AB Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) methods for beach monitoring by estimating abundance of Enterococcus spp. in recreational waters use internal, positive controls which address only the amplification of target DNA. In this study two internal, positive controls were developed to control for both amplification and cell lysis in assays measuring abundance of vegetative Gram-positive bacteria. Controls were constructed using Streptococcus gordonii DL-1, a naturally transformable, Gram-positive bacterium. Unique target sequences were provided by chromosomal insertion of a genetically modified, green fluorescent protein gene fragment. Results suggest that their use for control of lysis and amplification may be of significant value. The use of these controls and the establishment of data quality objectives to determine the tolerable level of decision error should ensure that environmental decisions based on QPCR data are technically and scientifically sound. QPCR measurements related to cell abundance may vary between samples as thick-walled Gram-positive bacteria are inherently difficult to lyse and substances present in recreational waters may inhibit amplification. As QPCR methods are considered for beach monitoring, it is essential to demonstrate that the data obtained accurately reflects the abundance of the bacterial indicator. C1 [James, J. B.; Genthner, F. J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP James, JB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM james.joe@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number GED-08-1338 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2213 EP 2222 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03936.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 375PH UT WOS:000261125300051 PM 19016980 ER PT J AU Pyke, K Eyuboglu, S Daniels, JJ Vendl, M AF Pyke, Kendra Eyuboglu, Sami Daniels, Jeffrey J. Vendl, Mark TI A Controlled Experiment to Determine the Water Table Response Using Ground Penetrating Radar SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Ground penetrating radar (GPR) data were explored during a physical model experiment that utilized a polyethylene tank and an abiotic sand matrix to simulate water contamination In the vadose Zone under fluctuating water table conditions. The main objective of this experiment was to determine the source of GPR reflections from a changing water table in a controlled experimental environment. During the experiment, the water table wits varied by injecting water into the bottom of the tank and subsequently draining it. The experiment was conducted over a number of days, during which various conditions (unsaturated, saturated, residual saturation) were characterized using GPR measurements. As a result of this approach, a more comprehensive comparison was possible for each step and results were compared with mass balance information. Results of the study indicate that, under saturated conditions, the main reflector of GPR energy is indicative or the capillary fringe and not the actual water table. Well readings and estimates of the mass balance of water input into the system confirm this interpretation. C1 [Pyke, Kendra; Eyuboglu, Sami; Daniels, Jeffrey J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Vendl, Mark] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Pyke, K (reprint author), Shell Explorat & Prod Co, Houston, TX USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.2113/JEEG13.4.335 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 383YZ UT WOS:000261711700003 ER PT J AU Shaw, NJ Villegas, LF Eldred, BJ Gaynor, DH Warden, PS Pepich, BV AF Shaw, Nancy J. Villegas, Leah Fohl Eldred, Bradley J. Gaynor, Deborah H. Warden, Paul S. Pepich, Barry V. TI Modification to EPA Method 1623 to address a unique seasonal matrix effect encountered in some US source waters SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; Giardia; Matrix interference; EPA Method 1623 ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION AB U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1623 is designed to detect and determine concentrations of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in water through concentration, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and immuno-fluorescence assay with microscopic examination. A seasonal interference with the method was observed in some municipal source waters collected from reservoirs and as reported to Shaw Environmental, Inc. in the summers of 2005, 2006, and 2007. This interference, which was not confined to a single region of the nation, caused clumping of the IMS beads during the acid dissociation of the IMS procedure in Method 1623. This effect lowered method recoveries for both Cryptosporidium and Giordia; however, the effect was more pronounced for Giardia. A heat dissociation technique (Ware et al., (2003) J. Microbiol. Methods 55, 575-583) was shown to be a viable option for samples which demonstrate the clumping matrix effect and improved Giardia recoveries in partially clumped samples. The heat dissociation application holds promise for fully clumped samples and warrants further investigation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaw, Nancy J.; Villegas, Leah Fohl] Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Pepich, Barry V.] US EPA, Reg Lab 10, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Eldred, Bradley J.; Gaynor, Deborah H.; Warden, Paul S.] Analyt Serv Inc, Williston, VT 05495 USA. RP Shaw, NJ (reprint author), Shaw Environm Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM shaw.nancy@epa.gov FU USEPA, Technical Support Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; United States Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-06031]; Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure, Inc FX All work was supported on-site at the USEPA, Technical Support Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Although the information described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under contract (Contract EP-C-06031) to Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure, Inc, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank Mike Ware and Patricia Klonicki for providing assistance in processing the large number of 1623 samples associated with this study. We would also like to thank Colin Fricker and Corey Fregeau at Analytical Services Inc. for discussions regarding this matrix effect. Also we would like to thank Tara Sarian and Brian Strohecker with Invitrogen/Dynal for discussions about the bead performance and possible roles in the clumping phenomena. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2008 VL 75 IS 3 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.021 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 381HZ UT WOS:000261527900011 PM 18706943 ER PT J AU Royland, JE Parker, JS Gilbert, ME AF Royland, J. E. Parker, J. S. Gilbert, M. E. TI A Genomic Analysis of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Hippocampus and Neocortex of the Developing Rat Brain SO JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE propylthiouracil; genomics; cortex; hippocampus; subclinical hypothyroidism ID THYROID-HORMONE ACTION; PROTEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; DENDRITIC GROWTH; PARVALBUMIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPING CEREBELLUM; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; MOLECULAR-BASIS AB Hypothyroidism during pregnancy and the early postnatal period has severe neurological consequences for the developing offspring. The impact of milder degrees of perturbation of the thyroid axis as encompassed in conditions of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia, however, has not been established. The present investigation examined the effects of graded levels of hypothyroidism, from subclinical to severe, on global gene expression in the developing rodent brain. Thyroid hormone insufficiency was induced by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) to pregnant rats via drinking water from gestational day 6 until sacrifice of pups prior to weaning. In the first study a specialised microarray, the Affymetrix Rat Neurobiology array RN_U34, was used to contrast gene expression in the hippocampus of animals exposed to 0 or 10 ppm (10 mg/l) PTU, a treatment producing severe hypothyroidism. In the second study, a more complete genome array (Affymetrix Rat 230A) was used to compare gene expression in the neocortex and hippocampus of postnatal day (PN) 14 animals experiencing graded degrees of thyroid hormone insufficiency induced by delivery of 0, 1, 2 or 3 ppm PTU to the dam. Dose-dependent up- and down-regulation were observed for gene transcripts known to play critical roles in brain development and brain function. Expression levels of a subset of approximately 25 genes in each brain region were altered at a dose of PTU (1 ppm) that induced mild hypothyroxinemia in dams and pups. These data indicate that genes driving important developmental processes are sensitive to relatively modest perturbations of the thyroid axis, and that the level of gene expression is related to the degree of hormone reduction. Altered patterns of gene expression during critical windows of brain development indicate that thyroid disease must be viewed as a continuum and that conditions typically considered 'subclinical' may induce structural and functional abnormalities in the developing central nervous system. C1 [Royland, J. E.; Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Parker, J. S.] Express Anal Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Royland, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM royland.joyce@epa.gov NR 66 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0953-8194 J9 J NEUROENDOCRINOL JI J. Neuroendocrinol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1319 EP 1338 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01793.x PG 20 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 375LP UT WOS:000261115700004 PM 19094080 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JF Barton, HA Setzer, RW AF Wambaugh, John F. Barton, Hugh A. Setzer, R. Woodrow TI Comparing models for perfluorooctanoic acid pharmacokinetics using Bayesian analysis SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; Pharmacokinetics; Model comparison; Hierarchical models; WinBUGS; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Sprague-Dawley rats; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Risk assessment; Sexually dimorphic; Deviance Information Criterion; Population models ID INFORMATIVE PRIOR DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATION TOXICOKINETICS; WINBUGS; RISK; RATS; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; PERSPECTIVE; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; EXPOSURE AB Selecting the appropriate pharmacokinetic (PK) model given the available data is investigated for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which has been widely analyzed with an empirical, one-compartment model. This research examined the results of experiments [Kemper R. A., DuPont Haskell Laboratories, USEPA Administrative Record AR-226.1499 (2003)] that administered single oral or iv doses of PFOA to adult male and female rats. PFOA concentration was observed over time; in plasma for some animals and in fecal and urinary excretion for others. There were four rats per dose group, for a total of 36 males and 36 females. Assuming that the PK parameters for each individual within a gender were drawn from the same, biologically varying population, plasma and excretion data were jointly analyzed using a hierarchical framework to separate uncertainty due to measurement error from actual biological variability. Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) provides tools to perform such an analysis as well as quantitative diagnostics to evaluate and discriminate between models. Starting from a one-compartment PK model with separate clearances to urine and feces, the model was incrementally expanded using Bayesian measures to assess if the expansion was supported by the data. PFOA excretion is sexually dimorphic in rats; male rats have bi-phasic elimination that is roughly 40 times slower than that of the females, which appear to have a single elimination phase. The male and female data were analyzed separately, keeping only the parameters describing the measurement process in common. For male rats, including excretion data initially decreased certainty in the one-compartment parameter estimates compared to an analysis using plasma data only. Allowing a third, unspecified clearance improved agreement and increased certainty when all the data was used, however a significant amount of eliminated PFOA was estimated to be missing from the excretion data. Adding an additional PK compartment reduced the unaccounted-for elimination to amounts comparable to the cage wash. For both sexes, an MCMC estimate of the appropriateness of a model for a given data type, the Deviance Information Criterion, indicated that this two-compartment model was better suited to describing PFOA PK. The median estimate was 142.1 +/- A 37.6 ml/kg for the volume of the primary compartment and 1.24 +/- A 1.1 ml/kg/h for the clearances of male rats and 166.4 +/- A 46.8 ml/kg and 30.3 +/- A 13.2 ml/kg/h, respectively for female rats. The estimates for the second compartment differed greatly with gender-volume 311.8 +/- A 453.9 ml/kg with clearance 3.2 +/- A 6.2 for males and 1400 +/- A 2507.5 ml/kg and 4.3 +/- A 2.2 ml/kg/h for females. The median estimated clearance was 12 +/- A 6% to feces and 85 +/- A 7% to urine for male rats and 8 +/- A 6% and 77 +/- A 9% for female rats. We conclude that the available data may support more models for PFOA PK beyond two-compartments and that the methods employed here will be generally useful for more complicated, including PBPK, models. C1 [Wambaugh, John F.; Barton, Hugh A.; Setzer, R. Woodrow] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wambaugh, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wambaugh.john@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU National Toxicology Program at the National Institute for Environmental Health Science [RW-75-92207501] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. Interagency Agreement RW-75-92207501 with the National Toxicology Program at the National Institute for Environmental Health Science was a partial source of funding. This research has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1567-567X EI 1573-8744 J9 J PHARMACOKINET PHAR JI J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 683 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s10928-008-9108-2 PG 30 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 397YX UT WOS:000262699400005 PM 19130186 ER PT J AU Gay, EA Klein, RC Melton, MA Blackshear, PJ Yakel, JL AF Gay, Elaine A. Klein, Rebecca C. Melton, Mark A. Blackshear, Perry J. Yakel, Jerrel L. TI Inhibition of Native and Recombinant Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by the Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate Peptide SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID E-DERIVED PEPTIDES; XENOPUS OOCYTES; BETA-AMYLOID(1-42) PEPTIDE; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; CALMODULIN-BINDING; DRUG DISCOVERY; MARCKS FAMILY; MUTANT MICE; PROTEIN; BRAIN AB A variety of peptide ligands are known to inhibit the function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), including small toxins and brain-derived peptides such as beta-amyloid(1-42) and synthetic apolipoproteinE peptides. The myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate ( MARCKS) protein is a major substrate of protein kinase C and is highly expressed in the developing and adult brain. The ability of a 25-amino acid synthetic MARCKS peptide, derived from the effector domain (ED), to modulate nAChR activity was tested. To determine the effects of the MARCKS ED peptide on nAChR function, receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments were performed. The MARCKS ED peptide completely inhibited acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked responses from alpha 7 nAChRs in a dose-dependent manner, yielding an IC50 value of 16 nM. Inhibition of ACh-induced responses was both activity- and voltage-independent. The MARCKS ED peptide was unable to block alpha-bungarotoxin binding. A MARCKS ED peptide in which four serine residues were replaced with aspartate residues was unable to inhibit alpha 7 nAChR-mediated currents. The MARCKS ED peptide inhibited ACh-induced alpha 4 beta 2 and alpha 2 beta 2 responses, although with decreased potency. The effects of the MARCKS ED peptide on native nAChRs were tested using acutely isolated rat hippocampal slices. In hippocampal interneurons, the MARCKS ED peptide was able to block native alpha 7 nAChRs in a dose-dependent manner. The MARCKS ED peptide represents a novel antagonist of neuronal nAChRs that has considerable utility as a research tool. C1 [Gay, Elaine A.; Klein, Rebecca C.; Melton, Mark A.; Yakel, Jerrel L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yakel, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, F2-08,POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM yakel@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 327 IS 3 BP 884 EP 890 DI 10.1124/jpet.108.144758 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 371ZM UT WOS:000260871200030 PM 18812491 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Zhang, Y Roy, AH Daniel, FB Troyer, M AF Shuster, W. D. Zhang, Y. Roy, A. H. Daniel, F. B. Troyer, M. TI Characterizing Storm Hydrograph Rise and Fall Dynamics With Stream Stage Data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE storm flow; rise rate; recession; stage; ecohydrology; flow regime ID RECESSION; IMPACTS; WATER; RIVER AB Storm-flow transients (i.e., hydrograph rise and fall dynamics) may represent an important aspect of understanding streamflow dynamics. However, little is known about how temporal resolution of transient data and climate variability may color these potential indicators of hydrologic pattern or condition. Warm-season stream stage and rainfall were monitored continuously (5 min) during the 2002 water year in eight tributaries of the Little Miami River (Ohio), which drain 17-58 km(2) catchments. Rise rates generated using 5-min data were different than those generated with mean daily data [calculated with the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software], though fall rates were similar for fine and coarse temporal data. This result suggests that data with low temporal resolution may not be adequate to fully represent the dynamics of storm rise rates. Conversely, fall rates based on daily stage data (via IHA) were similar to those based on the 5-min data, and so daily mean data may be appropriate for characterizing fall rates. We next analyzed the possible correlations between rainfall variability and storm-flow stage dynamics. We derived rise and recession rates from storm stage hydrographs by assuming exponential rise and decay of a runoff peak. We found that raw rise rates (R-raw) were correlated with both the maximum rainfall rate and the time to the centroid of a rain event. We subsequently removed the trend based on these rainfall characteristics, which yielded new representations of rise rates abbreviated as R-rate and R-tcent, respectively, and that had lower variability than the uncorrected (raw) data. Fall rates were found to be independent of rainfall characteristics. Due to the predominant influence of stream hydrology upon aquatic biota and nutrient fluxes, our work suggests that these stage data analysis protocols can refine or otherwise reduce variability in these indices by accounting for relevant factors such as rainfall forcing. These protocols for derivation of transient indices should be tested for their potential to improve correlations between stream hydrology and temporally aligned biotic data and dissolved nutrient fluxes in streams. C1 [Shuster, W. D.; Zhang, Y.; Roy, A. H.; Daniel, F. B.; Troyer, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shuster.william@epa.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1431 EP 1440 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00249.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000007 ER PT J AU Hawkins, CP Paulsen, SG Van Sickle, J Yuan, LL AF Hawkins, Charles P. Paulsen, Steven G. Van Sickle, John Yuan, Lester L. TI Regional assessments of stream ecological condition: scientific challenges associated with the USA's national Wadeable Stream Assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Paulsen, Steven G.; Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Yuan, Lester L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hawkins, CP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; paulsen.steve@epa.gov; vansickle.john@epa.gov; yuan.lester@epa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 805 EP 807 DI 10.1899/08-122.1 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600001 ER PT J AU Shapiro, MH Holdsworth, SM Paulsen, SG AF Shapiro, Michael H. Holdsworth, Susan M. Paulsen, Steven G. TI The need to assess the condition of aquatic resources in the US SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB In 1972, the US Congress enacted the Clean Water Act (CWA) to protect US water resources. A critical section (305[b]) of the CWA calls for periodic accounting of the success or failure of efforts to protect and restore US waters. Over the years, several groups have reviewed the available data and concluded that they do not adequately describe he condition of US waters. The Wadeable Streams Assessment presents the first set of results from what will be a long-term partnership between the US Environmental Protection Agency, the individual states, tribal nations, and other federal agencies. The goal of this partnership is to fill critical information gaps that remain a deterrent to our ability to determine whether Our policies and investments have resulted in improvement of US water resources. C1 [Shapiro, Michael H.; Holdsworth, Susan M.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Paulsen, Steven G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Shapiro, MH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW,4503T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM shapiro.mike@epa.gov; holdsworth.susan@epa.gov; paulsen.steve@epa.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 808 EP 811 DI 10.1899/08-116.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600002 ER PT J AU Paulsen, SG Mayio, A Peck, DV Stoddard, JL Tarquinio, E Holdsworth, SM Van Sickle, J Yuan, LL Hawkins, CP Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR Barbour, MT Larsen, DP Olsen, AR AF Paulsen, Steven G. Mayio, Alice Peck, David V. Stoddard, John L. Tarquinio, Ellen Holdsworth, Susan M. Van Sickle, John Yuan, Lester L. Hawkins, Charles P. Herlihy, Alan T. Kaufmann, Philip R. Barbour, Michael T. Larsen, David P. Olsen, Anthony R. TI Condition of stream ecosystems in the US: an overview of the first national assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE monitoring; streams; regional assessment; biological condition; ecological condition; stressors AB The Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) provided the first statistically sound Summary of the ecological condition of streams and small rivers in the US. Information provided in the assessment filled an important gap in meeting the requirements of the US Clean Water Act. The purpose of the WSA was to: 1) report on the ecological condition of all wadeable, perennial streams and rivers within the conterminous US, 2) describe the biological condition of these systems with direct measures of aquatic life, and 3) identify and rank the relative importance of chemical and physical stressors affecting stream and river condition. The assessment included perennial wadeable streams and rivers that accounted for 95% of the length of flowing waters in the US. The US Environmental Protection Agency, states, and tribes collected chemical, physical, and biological data at 1392 randomly selected sites. Nationally, 42% of the length of US streams was in poor condition compared to best available reference sites in their ecoregions, 25% was in fair condition, and 28% was in good condition. Results were reported for 3 major regions: Eastern Highlands, Plains and Lowlands,and West. In the West, 45% of the length of wadeable flowing waters was in good condition. In the Eastern Highlands, only 18% of the length of wadeable streams and rivers was in good condition and 52% was in poor condition. In the Plains and Lowlands, almost 30% of the length of wadeable streams and rivers was in good condition and 40% was in poor condition. The most widespread stressors observed nationally and in each of the 3 major regions were N, P, riparian disturbance, and streambed sediments. Excess nutrients and excess streambed sediments had the highest impact on biological condition; streams scoring poor for these stressors were at 2 to 3X higher risk of having poor biological condition than were streams that scored in the good range for the same stressors. C1 [Paulsen, Steven G.; Peck, David V.; Stoddard, John L.; Van Sickle, John; Kaufmann, Philip R.; Olsen, Anthony R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Mayio, Alice; Tarquinio, Ellen; Holdsworth, Susan M.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Yuan, Lester L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barbour, Michael T.] Tetra Tech Inc, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Paulsen, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM paulsen.steve@epa.gov; mayio.alice@epa.gov; peck.david@epa.gov; stoddard.john@epa.gov; tarquinio.ellen@epa.gov; holdsworth.susana@epa.gov; vansickle.john@epa.gov; yuan.lester@epa.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; alan.herlihy@oregonstate.edu; kaufmann.phil@epa.gov; michael.barbour@tetratech.com; larsen.phil@epa.gov; olsen.tony@epa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008; OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 FU US EPA [CR83-1682-01]; National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) [R-829498-01, R-828637-01, R-830594-01]; US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Western Ecology Division (NHEERL-WED) FX We thank the many people involved with the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Western Pilot Study and the Wadeable Streams Assessment for their insights and for their work in collecting and processing the survey data. Without the work of the many members of the state and tribal field crews and the logistical support contracts the survey would not have been possible. We particularly want to thank Jennifer Pitt, Kristin Pavlik, Sam Stribling, Jeroen Gerritsen, and Erik Lepow from Tetra Tech, Inc., for their efforts in orchestrating field logistics and sample tracking in the eastern part of the country. They also provided extensive quality assurance on the processing of the macroinvertebrate samples. Collection of information contained in this document was funded wholly (or in part) by the US EPA. The contributions by ATH and CPH were Supported, in part, by grants R-829498-01 (ATH), R-828637-01 (CPH), and R-830594-01 (CPH) from the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results Program of the US EPA and cooperative agreement CR83-1682-01 between Oregon State University and the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Western Ecology Division (NHEERL-WED) (ATH). This paper has been subjected to review by the NHEERL-WED and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 24 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 38 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 812 EP 821 DI 10.1899/08-098.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600003 ER PT J AU Olsen, AR Peck, DV AF Olsen, Anthony R. Peck, David V. TI Survey design and extent estimates for the Wadeable Streams Assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aquatic resource survey; monitoring design; survey design; National Hydrography Database; NHD; River Reach File; RF3; Wadeable Streams Assessment; wadeable streams; extent estimation; EMAP; sample frame ID UNITED-STATES; PROBABILITY SURVEY; NATURAL-RESOURCES; ISSUES; WATERS; ACCESS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a Wadeable Stream Assessment (WSA) of all wadeable streams and rivers in the conterminous US between 1999 and 2005. The assessment was led by the EPA Office of Water, in cooperation with EPA regions, states, tribal nations, and the EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). The WSA was implemented as 2 large-scale regional surveys of streams and rivers. Both studies used EPA's River Reach File (RF3) as the basis for the sample frame. The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Western Pilot Study, conducted by ORD in cooperation with EPA Regions 8, 9, and 10 and 12 western states, assessed all streams and rivers in the 12 western states (EMAP-West). A stratified, unequal probability survey design (50 sites/state and additional sites in 5 intensive study areas) was used to select sites from all streams and river segments coded as perennial in RF3. The unequal selection depended on Strahler order, aggregated Omernik level III ecoregion, and special study region. The WSA study used the EMAP-West wadeable streams (WSA-West) and implemented a new design for the remaining 36 eastern conterminous states (WSA-East). The WSA-East design was in unequal probability survey design with unequal selection depending on Strahler order, Omernik Level II ecoregion, and EPA region. RF3 includes 5.29 million km of rivers and streams, of which 39% (2.07 million km) are coded as perennial. The WSA sample frame included 2.84 million km of streams (54% of the total length in RF3), of which 2.24 million km were in WSA-East and 0.60 million kin were in WSA-West. Each selected site was classified on the basis of wadeability and the presence of flowing water. The estimated length of wadeable streams and rivers in the 48 conterminous states was 1.30 +/- 0.025 (SE) million kin (45.7 +/- 1.1% of the stream length in the sample frame). Of this wadeable stream length, 78.6 +/- 1.0% (1.02 million km) was estimated to be appropriate for sampling. Nationally, 11.5 +/- 0.8% and 5.2 +/- 0.6% of this length could not be sampled because of access denial or physical inaccessibility, respectively. The proportion of length affected by access denial was higher in Southern Plains, Northern Plains, and Xeric West aggregated ecoregions, whereas stream length affected by physical inaccessibility was greatest in the Western Mountains aggregated ecoregion. Improvements it the sample frame (RF3 and its Successors National Hydrography Database [NHD] and NHD-Plus) would reduce field costs for national surveys. C1 [Olsen, Anthony R.; Peck, David V.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Olsen, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM olsen.tony@epa.gov; peck.david@epa.gov FU US EPA [68-W01-032, 68-D-01-005] FX Our paper is based on the work of many individuals. Barb Rosenbaum's expert knowledge of RF3 and NHD provided the Support for sample frame development. Tom Kincaid developed the spsurvey library used for site selection and population estimation. Jennifer Sackinger and Dan Averill contributed substantially to the site evaluation component. We appreciate reviews provided by Steve Paulsen, David Bolgrien, Lester Yuan, and 2 anonymous referees. The information in this article has been funded wholly (or in part) by the US EPA under contracts 68-W01-032 to Computer Sciences Corporation and 68-D-01-005 to Dynamac, Inc. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products; Constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 822 EP 836 DI 10.1089/08-050.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600004 ER PT J AU Hughes, RM Peck, DV AF Hughes, Robert M. Peck, David V. TI Acquiring data for large aquatic resource surveys: the art of compromise among science, logistics, and reality SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE aquatic resource surveys; EMAP; Wadeable Streams Assessment; bioassessment; logistics; implementation; ecological indicators; benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage; fish assemblage; periphyton assemblage; aquatic communities; physical habitat characterization ID RAFTABLE OREGON RIVERS; FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; MERCURY CONCENTRATION; INDICATOR VALUES; SAMPLING EFFORT; US STREAMS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is revising its strategy to obtain the information needed to answer questions pertinent to water-quality management efficiently and rigorously at national scales. One tool of this revised strategy is use of statistically based surveys of aquatic resources such as lakes, wetlands, rivers, and streams. Implementing large-extent surveys involves decisions that reflect compromises between scientific rigor, consistent and practical implementation over large areas and many participants, and the realities of time and money Primary constraints result from interactions among management objectives, time lines, funding, and institutional constraints of participants. Secondary constraints arise from the interaction between the survey design (geographic extent, sample size, use of existing data), logistics (sampling period, sample shipping, information management, crew expertise, field training), and the Suite of ecological indicators selected (site-scale sampling design, field and laboratory protocols). We use our experience with the EPA's national Wadeable Stream Assessment and its Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Western Pilot Study to describe the key constraints and the resulting decisions made to implement those surveys successfully. The experiences from those surveys offer perspectives and information useful for effectively implementing future surveys of similar scope or spatial extent, including advanced planning, compatible survey designs, consistent methods, indicators, and cooperative research. C1 [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Peck, David V.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hughes, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM hughes.bob@epa.gov; peck.david@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [CR831682-01] FX The survey results that led to our paper were made possible through the efforts of federal, state, university, and contract cooperators too numerous to mention. Without their dedication to EMAP-West and WSA no data would exist and the possibility of implementing large-extent aquatic resource surveys in the future would be small. Without their persistent critical suggestions and concerns, we would not have learned as much as we did. We also thank D. Olson, R. Ozretich, L. Yuan, S. Paulsen, J. Van Sickle, A. Olsen, P. Silver, and 2 anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions on an earlier draft of this manuscript. S. Bonar kindly provided us with the railroad anecdote. Preparation of this manuscript was partially funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency under cooperative agreement CR831682-01 to Oregon State University. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the agency. NR 128 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 30 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 837 EP 859 DI 10.1899/08-028.1 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600005 ER PT J AU Herlihy, AT Paulsen, SG Van Sickle, J Stoddard, JL Hawkins, CP Yuan, LL AF Herlihy, Alan T. Paulsen, Steven G. Van Sickle, John Stoddard, John L. Hawkins, Charles P. Yuan, Lester L. TI Striving for consistency in a national assessment: the challenges of applying a reference-condition approach at a continental scale SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE reference condition; reference sites; regionalization; biological condition gradient; regional assessments ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; REFERENCE SITES; LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATIONS; INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; UNITED-STATES; STREAM; MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOREGIONS; TYPOLOGY AB One of the biggest challenges when conducting a continental-scale assessment of streams is setting appropriate expectations for the assessed sites. The challenge occurs for 2 reasons: 1) tremendous natural environmental heterogeneity exists within a continental landscape and 2) reference sites vary in quality both across and within major regions of the continent. We describe the process used to Set expectations for the multimetric index of biotic integrity (MIBI) and observed/expected (O/E) indices generated from predictive models used to assess stream condition for the US Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA). The assessment was based on a reference-site approach, in which the least-disturbed sites in each region of the US were used to establish benchmarks for assessing the condition of macroinvertebrate assemblages at other sites. Reference sites were compiled by filtering WSA sample sites for disturbance using a series of abiotic variables. Additional reference sites were needed and were obtained from other state, university, and federal monitoring programs. This pool of potential reference sites was then assessed for uniformity in site quality and comparability of macroinvertebrate sample data. Ultimately, 1625 sites were used to set reference expectations for the WSA. Reference-site data were used to help define 9 large ecoregions that minimized the naturally occurring variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with continental-wide differences in biogeography. These ecoregions were used as a basis for developing MIBI and O/E indices and for reporting results. A least-disturbed definition of reference condition was used nationally, but We Suspect that the quality of the best extant sites in ecoregions, Such as the Northern Plains and Temperate Plains, was lower than that of sites in other ecoregions. For the MIBI assessment, we used a simple modeling approach to adjust scores in ecoregions where gradients in reference-site quality Could be demonstrated conclusively The WSA provided an unparalleled opportunity to push the limits of our conceptual and technical understanding of how to best apply a reference-condition approach to a real-world need. Our hope is that we have learned enough from this exercise to improve the technical quality of the next round of national assessments. C1 [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paulsen, Steven G.; Van Sickle, John; Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Yuan, Lester L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Herlihy, AT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alan.herlihy@oregonstate.edu; paulsen.steve@epa.gov; vansickle.john@epa.gov; stoddard.john@epa.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; yuan.lester@cpa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008; OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 FU National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) [R-829498-01, R-828637-01, R-830594-01]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Oregon State University and the US EPA National Health [CR831682-01] FX This work was funded by grants R-829498-01 (ATH), R-828637-01 (CPH), and R-830594-01 (CPH) from the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and cooperative agreement CR831682-01 between Oregon State University and the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Western Ecology Division. We thank the many people, including Seva Joseph, Daren Carlisle, Vickie Hulcher, Mike Compton, Greg Pond, Robert Murzyn, Debbie Baker, Natalie Guedon, Jim Glover, Debbie Arnvine, Charles Bayer, Tom Archdeacon, Ben Rich, Steve Fisk, Jennifer Pitt, and Dave Peck, who graciously compiled and shared their data and metadata for Use in our study. We thank all the people involved with the EMAP-West and the WSA for their insights and work in collecting the survey data and Colleen Johnson for making the ecoregion map. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent those of the US EPA. NR 55 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 28 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 860 EP 877 DI 10.1899/08-081.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600006 ER PT J AU Stoddard, JL Herlihy, AT Peck, DV Hughes, RM Whittier, TR Tarquinio, E AF Stoddard, John L. Herlihy, Alan T. Peck, David V. Hughes, Robert M. Whittier, Thomas R. Tarquinio, Ellen TI A process for creating multimetric indices for large-scale aquatic surveys SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE multimetric index; metric evaluation process; bioassessment; ecological indicators; benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage; EMAP; Wadeable Streams Assessment; aquatic resource surveys; large scale; IBI ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY IBI; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; FISH COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; RIVER HEALTH; STREAMS; USA; BIOASSESSMENT AB Differences in sampling in laboratory protocols, differences in techniques used to evaluate metrics, and differing scales of calibration and application prohibit the use of many existing multimetric indices (MMIs) in large-scale bioassessments. We describe in approach to developing MMIs, of ecological condition that is applicable to a variety of biological assemblage types and to spatially extensive (regional, national) aquatic resource surveys. The process involves testing the performance characteristics of candidate metrics in several categories that correspond to key dimensions of biotic condition. The performance characteristics include: information content (range), reproducibility, calibration for natural gradients, responsiveness to stressor gradients, and independence from other metrics. The best-performing metric from each category is included in the final MMI. The consistency of the process enables development of separate MMIs in different regions that can be combined in a national assessment and that are more comparable across regions and taxonomic groups than a set of independently developed MMIs would be. We provide an example of the process applied to macroinvertebrate data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) from 3045 sites (of which 1390 were WSA probability sites). The MMIs developed for the WSA demonstrate the feasibility of conducting bioassessments at continental scales and provide a basis for interpreting existing MMIs from regional- and national-level perspectives. C1 [Stoddard, John L.; Peck, David V.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.; Hughes, Robert M.; Whittier, Thomas R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Tarquinio, Ellen] US EPA, Off Water, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stoddard, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM stoddard.john@epa.gov; herlihy.alan@epa.gov; peck.david@epa.gov; hughes.bob@epa.gov; whittier.thom@epa.gov; tarquinio.ellen@epa.gov OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 FU US EPA [CR831682-01] FX We thank the many people involved with the EMAP-West and the W A for their insights and work in collecting the survey data. This paper was improved by comments from J. Van Sickle, T. Johnson, M. Barbour, C. Hawkins, P. Silver, and an anonymous referee. C. Hawkins and J. Van Sickle suggested the t-test method to evaluate metric responsiveness. The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the US EPA, and preparation of this manuscript was partially funded under cooperative agreement CR831682-01 to Oregon State University. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does no signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 64 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 41 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 878 EP 891 DI 10.1899/08-053.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600007 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Hawkins, CP Van Sickle, J AF Yuan, Lester L. Hawkins, Charles P. Van Sickle, John TI Effects of regionalization decisions on an O/E index for the US national assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE RIVPACS predictive model; systematic bias; regionalization; ecoregion ID MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA; PREDICTIVE MODELS; HABITAT MODELS; STREAMS; BIOASSESSMENTS; UNCERTAINTY; ERROR AB We examined the effects of different regionalization schemes on the performance of River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS)-type predictive models in assessing the biological conditions of streams of the US for the National Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA). Three regionalization schemes were considered: a single national predictive model (MOD]), separate predictive models for each of the 9 WSA aggregated Omernik level III ecoregions (MOD9), and 3 predictive models roughly corresponding to the western US, the Appalachian Mountains, and the Central and Coastal Plains (MOD3). The goal of the WSA was to assess stream condition at the national scale and at the scale of WSA aggregated ecoregions, so we compared the performance of the ratio of the observed number of taxa to the expected number of taxa (O/E) index estimated using different regionalization schemes at both of these spatial scales. We assessed model performance with a randomized resampling procedure, in which we set aside 10% of the reference sites, calibrated the model with the remaining sites, and applied the model to the set-aside sites. Performance statistics for the set-aside reference sites were accumulated over 10 iterations. When Summarized at the national scale, mean model predictions of O/E for set-aside reference sites from the 3 different regionalization schemes were all reasonably close to 1. When summarized by the 9 aggregated ecoregions, MODI and MOD3 predictions of O/E differed systematically from I in certain aggregated ecoregions. Over all 9 ecoregions, the magnitude of these differences was significantly greater than observed with MOD9 predictions. Results from our analysis suggest that O/E values at test sites should be interpreted with respect to mean and SD of O/E of reference sites from the same region to minimize the effects of systematic biases in the predictions. RIVPACS-type predictive models also Should be calibrated at a spatial scale similar to the scale at which summary statistics are reported. C1 [Yuan, Lester L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; vansickle.john@cpa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 FU US EPA Office of Water and Office of Research and Development FX The authors acknowledge the data collection efforts of the many WSA sampling teams, and file funding for the national stream Survey provided by US EPA Office of Water and Office of Research and Development. Views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the US EPA. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 892 EP 905 DI 10.1899/07-153.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600008 ER PT J AU Stribling, JB Pavlik, KL Holdsworth, SM Leppo, EW AF Stribling, James B. Pavlik, Kristen L. Holdsworth, Susan M. Leppo, Erik W. TI Data quality, performance, and uncertainty in taxonomic identification for biological assessments SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; taxonomy; uncertainty; data quality; precision; accuracy; performance; quality assurance/quality control ID BIOASSESSMENT METHODS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; STREAMS; MODELS; ERRORS; IMPACT; INDEX; FAUNA AB Taxonomic identifications are central to biological assessment; thus, documenting and reporting uncertainty associated with identifications is critical. The presumption that comparable results would be obtained, regardless of which or how many taxonomists were used to identify samples, lies at the core of any assessment. As part of a national survey of streams, 741 benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected throughout the eastern USA, subsampled in laboratories to similar to 500 organisms/sample, and sent to taxonomists for identification and enumeration. Primary identifications were done by 25 taxonomists in 8 laboratories. For each laboratory, similar to 10% of the samples were randomly selected for quality control (QC) reidentification and sent to in independent taxonomist in a separate laboratory (total n = 74), and the 2 sets of results were compared directly. The results of the sample-based comparisons were summarized as % taxonomic disagreement (PTD) and % difference in enumeration (PDE). Across the set of QC samples, mean values of PTD and ME were similar to 21 and 2.6%, respectively. The primary and QC taxonomists interacted via detailed reconciliation conference calls after initial results were obtained, and specific corrective actions were implemented (if needed) prior to a 2(nd) round of comparisons. This process improved consistency (PTD 14%. Corrective actions reduced the proportion of samples that failed the measurement quality objective for PTD from 71 to 27%. Detailed comparisons of results for individual taxa and interpretation of the potential causes for differences provided direction for addressing problematic taxa, differential expertise among multiple taxonomists, and data entry and recording errors. The taxa that proved most difficult (i.e., had high rates of errors) included may, Baetidae, Odonata, Ceratopogonidae, selected groups of Chironomidae, and some Hydropsychidae. We emphasize the importance of experience and training and recommend approaches for improving taxonomic consistency, including documentation of standard procedures, taxonomic data quality standards, and routine and rigorous quality control evaluations. C1 [Stribling, James B.; Pavlik, Kristen L.; Leppo, Erik W.] Tetra Tech Inc, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Holdsworth, Susan M.] US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stribling, JB (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, 400 Red Brook Blvd,Suite 200, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. EM james.stirbling@tetratech.com; kristen.pavlik@tetratech.com; holdsworth.susan@epa.gov; crik.leppo@tetratech.com FU US EPA [EP-C-06-033, 68-C-04-006] FX This work was completed under US EPA contract numbers EP-C-06-033 and 68-C-04-006 to the Great Lakes Environmental Center and Tetra Tech, Inc. We thank all taxonomists and their laboratories for efforts in sample processing, identification, and cooperation in this project. We are grateful to colleagues and coworkers, including Chuck Hawkins, John Van Sickle, Trefor Reynoldson, Evan Hornig, Jim Haney, Phil Larsen, Mike Barbour, Vince Resh, Jerry Diamond, Joe Flotemersch, Esther Peters, John O'Donnell, and Ellen Tarquinio, for reviewing various versions Of Our manuscript and for their ensuing comments and discussions. Ben Jessup assisted with some of the statistical treatments, and Ellen Tarquinio and Otto Gutenson (USEPA) participated in the reconciliation conference calls and development of corrective actions. Pamela Silver and John Van Sickle and 2 anonymous referees provided valuable comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 906 EP 919 DI 10.1899/07-175.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600009 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J Paulsen, SG AF Van Sickle, John Paulsen, Steven G. TI Assessing the attributable risks, relative risks, and regional extents of aquatic stressors SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Wadeable Streams Assessment; stressor ranking; macroinvertebrate; categorical data analysis ID FRACTIONS; ESTIMATORS; RESOURCES; INFERENCE; SELECTION; SCALE AB A major goal of the national aquatic surveys being, conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency in partnership with the states and tribes is to assess the relative importance, at a regional scale, of stressors that impact aquatic biota. The Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) was a prototype of these surveys, and it assessed 8 individual water-chemistry, physical-habitat, and landuse stressors in 2 ways. First, the WSA estimated the total length of streams in a region that was deemed to be in poor condition for each stressor considered separately Estimates of stressor extent describe the prevalence and regional breadth of each stressor's potential effects. Second, the WSA estimated each stressor's relative risk, a measure widely used in human epidemiology. Relative risk estimates a stressor's association with biota in terms of the likelihood that poor stressor conditions and poor biota conditions co-occur ill a region's streams. We describe how the population attributable risk, also borrowed from epidemiology, combines extent and relative risk into a single, overall measure of a stressor's regional effect. The attributable risk of a stressor is the % reduction in the regional extent of poor biological condition (measured here by the macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity [MIBI]), that presumably would result from eliminating that stressor. Under the attributable risk assumptions, for example, the WSA data imply that the nationwide extent of poor MIBI conditions would be reduced by all estimated 26% if excess total P were eliminated as a stressor, but only by 3% if excess salinity were eliminated. We also illustrate the attributable risk for the combined effects of multiple, correlated stressors. Last, we discuss how best to interpret and apply attributable risk estimates. C1 [Van Sickle, John; Paulsen, Steven G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM vansickle.john@epa.gov; paulsen.steve@epa.gov FU US EPA FX We thank Chuck Hawkins, Susan Norton, Hal Walker, and an anonymous referee for their ideas and critical readings of the manuscript. We also thank Ulrike Gromping for guidance with adjusted attributable risks. This research was funded by the US EPA. The manuscript has been subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 13 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 920 EP 931 DI 10.1899/07-152.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600010 ER PT J AU Ringold, PL Magee, TK Peck, DV AF Ringold, Paul L. Magee, Teresa K. Peck, David V. TI Twelve invasive plant taxa in US western riparian ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE invasive plants; riparian ecosystem; biotic integrity; reference condition; disturbance ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; LAND-COVER DATA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; NORTH-AMERICA; HUMAN IMPACTS; ALIEN PLANTS; DIVERSITY; VEGETATION AB Assessments of stream ecosystems often include an evaluation of riparian condition; a key stressor in riparian ecosystems is the presence of invasive plants. We analyzed the distribution of 12 invasive taxa (common burdock [Arctium minus], giant reed [Arundo donax], cheatgrass Bromus tectorum), musk thistle [Carduus mutans], Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense], teasel [Dipsacus fullonum], Russian olive [Elaeagnus angustifolia], leafy spurge [Euphorbia esula], English ivy [Hedera helix], reed canarygrass [Phalaris arundinacea], Himalayan blackberry [Rubus armeniacus], and saltcedar [Tamarix spp.]) to characterize a portion of that stressor. Observations from 961 probability survey reaches and 355 additional reaches distributed across 12 western US states provided a statistically defensible foundation for trend monitoring, risk assessments, or economic evaluation of these 12 taxa over a large area. We estimate that >= 1 of these taxa are present in riparian areas on 47 +/- 3.6% of the perennial stream length in the western US. One or more of these taxa were present in >1/3 of the reaches identified as least-disturbed (reaches that define reference condition and are used to quantify instream biotic integrity). Association between target invasive presence and instream biotic integrity varied, particularly as a function of ecoregion. Relationships were often statistically significant in the Mountain climatic region, sometimes significant in the Xeric climatic region, and never significant in the Plains climatic region. Regional variations in associations and confounding relationships between multiple factors suggest that Multiple variables should be examined to explain or predict the presence of invasive species or their associations. Our survey illustrates strengths and limitations of collecting information oil a limited number of invasive plants in riparian vegetation as part of general probability surveys of aquatic ecosystems. Our Survey of only 12 somewhat arbitrarily selected invasive plants provided much information for a limited cost. We recommend including similar efforts in future surveys. C1 [Ringold, Paul L.; Peck, David V.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Magee, Teresa K.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ringold, PL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM ringold.paul@epa.gov; magee.teresa@epa.gov; peck.david@epa.gov NR 114 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 16 U2 110 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 949 EP 966 DI 10.1899/07-154.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600012 ER PT J AU Stevenson, RJ Pan, Y Manoylov, KM Parker, CA Larsen, DP Herlihy, AT AF Stevenson, R. Jan Pan, Yangdong Manoylov, Kalina M. Parker, Christian A. Larsen, David P. Herlihy, Alan T. TI Development of diatom indicators of ecological conditions for streams of the western US SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diatoms; indicators; conductivity; stressors; nutrients; sediments; streams; western US ID ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RIVERS; WATER; INDEXES; MODELS; RECONSTRUCTION; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; ENRICHMENT AB The species composition of benthic diatoms was related to environmental conditions in streams throughout the western US to develop diatom traits, indicators for assessment of biological condition and indicators for diagnosing stressors. We hypothesized that indicators based on species traits determined for subsets of streams with similar natural landscape features would be more precisely related to environmental conditions than would be indicators calculated based on species traits for all Streams in the data set. The ranges of many environmental conditions were wide among western streams, and these conditions covaried greatly along a major environmental gradient characterized by positive correlations among % watershed disturbed by agricultural and urban land uses (% WD), conductivity, total N, total P, and % fine sediments. Species traits were calculated for 242 diatom taxa. Weighted average (WA) methods were used to define species environmental optima, and regression approaches were used to determine whether species were sensitive or tolerant to environmental conditions indicated by % WD, total P, total N, a nutrient multivariate index, pH, conductivity, % fine sediments, % embeddedness, and a watershed disturbance multivariate index. Indicators based on WA optima and sensitive/tolerant traits were highly correlated with these environmental conditions. Natural and anthropogenic conditions varied greatly among classes of streams grouped by climate regions, but indicators developed for the entire western US were consistently more accurate than were regional indicators. Indicators for individual stressors, such as total P, conductivity, and % embeddedness, were highly correlated with values of respective stressors, but covariation among all indicators and stressors indicated that only 1 environmental gradient was reliably reflected by the indicators. Thus, robust indicators of the biological condition of diatom assemblages were developed for streams of the western US, but development of stressor-specific indicators will require application of additional analytical approaches. C1 [Stevenson, R. Jan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Water Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pan, Yangdong; Parker, Christian A.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stevenson, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Water Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rjstev@msu.edu; bwyp@odin.pdx.edu; kalina.manoylov@gesu.edu; cparker@pdx.edu; larsen.phil@epa.gov; herlihy.alan@epa.gov FU US EPA [R-829026, CR-831682] FX Our research was supported by cooperative agreements from the US EPA with Portland State University (R-829026) (YP and RJS) and with Oregon State University (CR-831682) (ATH). We thank all the people involved with the EMAP-West project, especially Phil Kaufman, John Stoddard, and David Peck. Rosalina Hristova and Nadezhda Gillett helped analyze diatom samples. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 68 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 8 U2 47 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1000 EP 1016 DI 10.1899/08-040.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600015 ER PT J AU Paulsen, SG Hawkins, CP Van Sickle, J Yuan, LL Holdsworth, SM AF Paulsen, Steven G. Hawkins, Charles P. Van Sickle, John Yuan, Lester L. Holdsworth, Susan M. TI An invitation to apply national survey data to ecological research SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Paulsen, Steven G.; Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Yuan, Lester L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Holdsworth, Susan M.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Paulsen, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM paulsen.steve@epa.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; vansickle.john@epa.gov; yuan.lester@epa.gov; holdsworth.susan@epa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1018 DI 10.1899/08-123.1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600016 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, Christopher J. TI Cardiac and Thermal Homeostasis in the Aging Brown Norway Rat SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Radiotelemetry; Heart beat variability; Core temperature; Motor activity; Heart rate ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; HEART-RATE; RHYTHMS AB The cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems are considered to be susceptible in the aged population, but little is known about baseline cardiac and thermoregulatory homeostasis in rodent models of aging. Radiotransmitters were implanted in male, Brown Norway rats obtained at 4. 12, and 24 months to monitor the electrocardiogram (ECG), interbeat interval (IBI), heart rate (HR), core temperature (Tc), and motor activity (MA). There was no significant effect of age on resting HR and MA. Daytime Tc of the 24-month-old rats was significantly elevated above those of the 4- and 12-month-old groups. Variability of the IBI was highest in the 24-month-old rats. The elevation in daytime Tc beginning around 8 months of age may be a physiological biomarker of aging and may be an important factor to consider in studies using caloric restriction-induced hypothermia to increase longevity. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, B105-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.cltristopher@epa.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1307 EP 1313 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 395PG UT WOS:000262535400005 PM 19126843 ER PT J AU Bless, D Park, B Nordwick, S Zaluski, M Joyce, H Hiebert, R Clavelot, C AF Bless, Diana Park, Brian Nordwick, Suzzann Zaluski, Marek Joyce, Helen Hiebert, Randy Clavelot, Charles TI Operational Lessons Learned During Bioreactor Demonstrations for Acid Rock Drainage Treatment SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Acid rock drainage; Bioreactor design; Mine waste; Montana; SRB bioreactor; Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Technology demonstration; Water treatment AB The US Environmental Protection Agency's Mine Waste Technology Program (MWTP) has emphasized the development of biogeochemically-based treatment technologies for mitigation of acid rock drainage (ARD). Progressive technology demonstrations by the MWTP over the past 15 years have resulted in improved operation of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) bioreactors. Although using SRB to treat ARD is now fairly widespread, it was uncommon in the early 1990s when the MWTP used this innovative biotechnology. The first and longest running demonstration was an in situ bioreactor installed within the flooded subsurface workings of the Lilly/Orphan Boy Mine in 1994. The second project, at the Calliope Mine, compared the performance of several SRB bioreactor configurations and operational attributes, including lime pretreatment and reactor temperature. The third demonstration, at the Golden Sunlight Mine, consisted of two treatment steps with a recycle stream. The fourth project was an investigation of existing bioreactor designs and resulted in an improved bioreactor configuration. Significant findings included: (1) a mineshaft could be used as a long-term, in situ bioreactor, (2) SRB thrive in temperature extremes, (3) sulfide recycle effectively avoids contact of ARD with bacterial populations, and (4) ideal bioreactor substrate provides short-term and long-term nutrients, good support matrix, and enhanced permeability. C1 [Park, Brian; Nordwick, Suzzann; Zaluski, Marek; Joyce, Helen; Hiebert, Randy; Clavelot, Charles] MSE Technol Applicat Inc, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Bless, Diana] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Joyce, H (reprint author), MSE Technol Applicat Inc, 200 Technol Way, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM helen.joyce@mse-ta.com FU US Environmental Protection Agency [DW899388-70-01-1]; US Department. of Energy [DW899388-70-01-1]; DOE [DE-AC09-96EW96405] FX This research was funded under Interagency Agreement DW899388-70-01-1 between the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department. of Energy and was conducted by MSE Technology Applications, Inc. at the Western Environmental Technology Office, Butte, Montana (DOE Contract DE-AC09-96EW96405). NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10230-008-0052-6 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V15FL UT WOS:000207787800005 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT AF Wilkin, Richard T. TI Contaminant Attenuation Processes at Mine Sites SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ground water; Metals; Natural attenuation; Remediation ID IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; ACID ROCK-DRAINAGE; MULTICOMPONENT REACTIVE TRANSPORT; MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; NATURAL ATTENUATION; TAILINGS IMPOUNDMENT; TRACE-METALS; LOW PH; REDUCING BACTERIA; MINING DISTRICT AB The global imprint of acid drainage problems at mine sites is a clear reminder that generally, natural processes do not adequately ameliorate the acidity and metal contamination produced by oxidizing sulfide minerals. Yet at nearly all such sites, natural attenuation processes occur and may contribute to site remediation. Biogeochemical processes can be particularly important in controlling the transport and fate of certain metal and metalloid contaminants, under specific environmental conditions. This paper identifies the major natural attenuation processes that have been documented at mine sites around the world and discusses how monitored natural attenuation is sometimes used in combination with active treatment technologies to achieve site-specific remediation objectives. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10230-008-0049-1 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V15FL UT WOS:000207787800006 ER PT J AU Darling, JA Bagley, MJ Roman, J Tepolt, CK Geller, JB AF Darling, John A. Bagley, Mark J. Roman, Joe Tepolt, Carolyn K. Geller, Jonathan B. TI Genetic patterns across multiple introductions of the globally invasive crab genus Carcinus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE admixture; Carcinus; genetic diversity; green crab; invasive species; multiple introductions ID EUROPEAN GREEN CRAB; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SPECIES INVASIONS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CRYPTIC INVASIONS; MARINE ORGANISMS; MAENAS AB The European green crab Carcinus maenas is one of the world's most successful aquatic invaders, having established populations on every continent with temperate shores. Here we describe patterns of genetic diversity across both the native and introduced ranges of C. maenas and its sister species, C. aestuarii, including all known non-native populations. The global data set includes sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, as well as multilocus genotype data from nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Combined phylogeographic and population genetic analyses clarify the global colonization history of C. maenas, providing evidence of multiple invasions to Atlantic North America and South Africa, secondary invasions to the northeastern Pacific, Tasmania, and Argentina, and a strong likelihood of C. maenas x C. aestuarii hybrids in South Africa and Japan. Successful C. maenas invasions vary broadly in the degree to which they retain genetic diversity, although populations with the least variation typically derive from secondary invasions or from introductions that occurred more than 100 years ago. C1 [Darling, John A.; Bagley, Mark J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Roman, Joe] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05443 USA. [Tepolt, Carolyn K.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Geller, Jonathan B.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Darling, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM darling.john@epa.gov NR 68 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 23 BP 4992 EP 5007 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03978.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 375HE UT WOS:000261104000006 PM 19120987 ER PT J AU Dhasarathy, A Wade, PA AF Dhasarathy, Archana Wade, Paul A. TI The MBD protein family-Reading an epigenetic mark? SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE Epigenetics; DNA methylation; Methyl-CpG-binding protein; Transcriptional repression; Histone deacetylase ID CPG-BINDING DOMAIN; METHYL-CPG; DNA METHYLATION; RETT-SYNDROME; CHROMOSOMAL-PROTEIN; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; MECP2; CHROMATIN; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION AB A family of proteins conserved throughout the eukaryotic lineage is characterized by the presence of a common sequence motif-the methyl-CpG-binding domain, or MBD. This sequence motif corresponds to a structural domain which, in some but not all cases, confers the ability to bind methylated cytosine residues in the context of the dinucleotide 5' CG 3'. Mammals have five well-characterized members of this family, each with unique biological characteristics. Recently, Much progress has been made in defining the biochemical properties of one member of this family, MeCP2. This protein has a very high affinity for chromatin and considerable insight has been gained into its interactions with naked DNA and with chromatin fibers. Previous models have proposed that several members of the MBD family contribute to establishment and/or maintenance of transcriptional repression by recruiting enzymes that locally modify histones. Surprisingly, recent data indicate that MeCP2 is likely to contribute to chromatin properties through an architectural role, participating in higher order chromatin structures that facilitate both gene repression as well as gene activation. These observations suggest that existing models probably do not explain the entire gamut of biological functions performed by this very interesting protein family. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dhasarathy, Archana; Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27517 USA. RP Wade, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,Room D416, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27517 USA. EM wadep2@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1Z01ES101965] FX This research was supported (Project number 1Z01ES101965) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. We thank the members of the Wade laboratory for useful discussions throughout the Course of preparation of this manuscript. We apologize to our colleagues whose work could not be cited here due to space considerations. NR 37 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 647 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.07.007 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 383VZ UT WOS:000261703600006 PM 18692077 ER PT J AU Bryce, SA Lomnicky, GA Kaufmann, PR McAllister, LS Ernst, TL AF Bryce, Sandra A. Lomnicky, Gregg A. Kaufmann, Philip R. McAllister, Lynne S. Ernst, Ted L. TI Development of Biologically Based Sediment Criteria in Mountain Streams of the Western United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; REGRESSION QUANTILES; COLDWATER STREAMS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FINE SEDIMENT; FISH; HABITAT; INDEX; OREGON; SALMONIDS AB Sediment has long been recognized as a leading cause of impairment of biological condition in rivers and streams of the United States. Recently, federal and state agencies have shown increased interest in developing sediment criteria to maintain or improve habitat quality for the protection of aquatic species. To develop biologically based sediment criteria. sediment amounts must be linked with aquatic vertebrate response. For our analysis, we related an aquatic vertebrate index of biotic integrity (IBI) with a measure of the areal percentage of streambed surficial fines (<= 0.06 mm). The association suggested that fine sediment limits the biological potential of mountain streams. We used quantile regression to model the tipper limit of IBI response; the regression equation predicted a 4.7% decline in IBI for each 10% increase in areal surficial fines. However. the limiting relationship itself did not suggest a specific sediment level above which impairment was evident. To develop more specific evidence regarding sediment impairment and to describe possible impairment thresholds along the continuous relationship, we sought additional information from (1) the range of areal percent fines at the 169 least disturbed reference sites in our sample, (2) sediment tolerance values calculated for sediment-sensitive salmonids in the Mountains ecoregion, (3) a review of studies that describe IBI scores representing very good to excellent condition in coldwater (trout) streams of the United States, and (4) a second literature review of laboratory and field research relating the effects of sediment on the survival of salmonid eggs. Placing our initial results in the context of this additional information, we concluded that streambed areal surficial fine sediment (particle size <= 0.06 mm) levels of 5% or less retain habitat potential for sediment-sensitive aquatic vertebrates in mountain streams. We offer these results as scientific guidance for the process of establishing sediment criteria. C1 [Bryce, Sandra A.; Lomnicky, Gregg A.; McAllister, Lynne S.; Ernst, Ted L.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bryce, SA (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM bryce.sandy@epa.gov FU USEPA [EP-D-06-013] FX We thank USEPA EMAP for survey data and Paul Ringold for his support of this research. We are also grateful to John Van Sickle for statistical advice and to Sue Pierson for preparing the illustrations for printing. Revisions suggested by Bob Hughes, John Van Sickle, Doug Drake, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the USEPA. This document was prepared at the Western Ecology Division of the USEPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (Corvallis, Oregon) through Contract EP-D-06-013 to Dynamac Corporation. It has been subjected to the USEPA's peer and administrative review and is approved for publication. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1714 EP 1724 DI 10.1577/M07-139.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700005 ER PT J AU Whittier, TR Peck, DV AF Whittier, Thomas R. Peck, David V. TI Surface Area Estimates of Streams and Rivers Occupied by Nonnative Fish and Amphibians in the Western USA SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Statistically robust, broad-scale measures of the portion of an aquatic resource (e.g., it stream and river network) occupied by normative fish and amphibian species should be useful to resource managers but with a few exceptions have not been available. We used data from the western stream and river survey of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program to estimate the surface area of flowing waters occupied by nonnative fish and amphibian species at three spatial scales. For the 12-state survey area, an estimated 75% of the surface area of the target stream network had one or more nonnative fish or amphibian species, compared with 52% of the stream length. At all spatial scales (except the state of Washington), the estimates of the proportion of surface area with nonnatives were larger than those for estimated stream length. The relative extent of occupancy for individual species often differed depending on how they were assessed. For example, when assessed by length of network occupied, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was the most widespread normative fish (17%) but dropped to ninth position when assessed by surface area occupied (7%), while common carp Cyprinus carpio went front fourth position (10% of stream length) to second position when assessed by surface area occupied (27%). Estimates of the surface areas of flowing waters, occupied by normative species are useful and easily calculated additions to the ways in which probability-based surveys Call assess the condition of the resource. C1 [Whittier, Thomas R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Peck, David V.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Whittier, TR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM whittier.thom@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR831682-01] FX The field data were collected by agency and contract crews of the 12 states in the EMAP Western Pilot assessment area and by Dynamac Corporation crews. Database management and geographical information systems support were provided by the Corvallis, Oregon, staffs of Computer Sciences Corporation and Indus Corporation, respectively. Dave Peterson, Bob Ozretich, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier versions of this paper. The preparation of this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Cooperative Agreement CR831682-01 to Oregon State University. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1887 EP 1893 DI 10.1577/M08-075.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700023 ER PT J AU Christensen, LA Wang, H Van Houten, B Vasquez, KM AF Christensen, Laura A. Wang, Hong Van Houten, Bennett Vasquez, Karen M. TI Efficient processing of TFO-directed psoralen DNA interstrand crosslinks by the UvrABC nuclease SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; TRIPLE-HELIX FORMATION; ACTION MECHANISM; RECOGNITION; UVRB; INCISION; BINDING; DAMAGE; SITE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE AB Photoreactive psoralens can form interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in double-stranded DNA. In eubacteria, the endonuclease UvrABC plays a key role in psoralen ICLs. Psoralen-modified triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) can be used to direct ICLs to specific genomic sites. Previous of pyrimidine-rich methoxypsoralen-modified TFOs indicated that the TFO inhibits cleavage by UvrABC. Because different chemistries may alter the processing of TFO-directed ICLs, we investigated the effect of another type of triplex formed by purine-rich TFOs on the processing of 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT) ICLs by the UvrABC nuclease. Using an HMT-modified TFO to direct ICLs to a specific site, we found that UvrABC made incisions on the purine-rich strand of the duplex similar to 3 bases from the 3'-side and similar to 9 bases from the 5'-side of the ICL, within the region. In contrast to previous reports, the UvrABC nuclease cleaved the TFO-directed psoralen ICL with a greater efficiency than that of the psoralen ICL alone. Furthermore, the TFO was dissociated from its duplex binding site by UvrA and UvrB. As mutagenesis by TFO-directed ICLs requires nucleotide excision repair, the efficient of these lesions supports the use of triplex technology to direct DNA damage for genome modification. C1 [Christensen, Laura A.; Vasquez, Karen M.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Sci Pk Res, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX USA. [Wang, Hong; Van Houten, Bennett] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Vasquez, KM (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Sci Pk Res, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX USA. EM kvasquez@mdanderson.org RI Wang, Hong/F-3164-2014 OI Wang, Hong/0000-0003-0165-3559 FU National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute [CA097175, CA093729]; National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Center [ES007784]; [P01 CA097175] FX National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (CA097175 and CA093729 to K. M. V.); National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Center (ES007784). Funding for open access charge: P01 CA097175. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 22 BP 7136 EP 7145 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn880 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 386SY UT WOS:000261904100023 PM 18996898 ER PT J AU Peek, AH Griffith, BO Underwood, LW Hall, CM Armstrong, CD Spruce, JP Ross, KW AF Peek, Anne H. Griffith, Bryon O. Underwood, Lauren W. Hall, Callie M. Armstrong, C. Duane Spruce, Joseph P. Ross, Kenton W. TI Stennis Space Center Uses NASA Remote Sensing Assets to Address Coastal Gulf of Mexico Issues SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 [Peek, Anne H.] NASA, Appl Res & Technol Project Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Griffith, Bryon O.] US EPA, Gulf Mexico Program, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Underwood, Lauren W.; Spruce, Joseph P.; Ross, Kenton W.] SSAI, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Peek, AH (reprint author), NASA, Appl Res & Technol Project Off, Bldg 3226, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM anne.h.peek@nasa.gov; griffith.bryon@epa.gov; lauren.w.underwood@nasa.gov; callie.m.hall@nasa.gov; curtis.d.armstrong@nasa.gov; kenton.w.ross@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1449 EP 1453 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 381PY UT WOS:000261549600001 ER PT J AU Stehman, SV Wickham, JD Wade, TG Smith, JH AF Stehman, Stephen V. Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Smith, Jonathan H. TI Designing a Multi-Objective, Multi-Support Accuracy Assessment of the 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD 2001) of the Conterminous United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION SAMPLE IMAGES; MAP ACCURACY; THEMATIC ACCURACY; CATEGORICAL MAPS; SATELLITE DATA; CLASSIFICATION; PROBABILITY; VALIDATION; LANDSCAPE; PRODUCTS AB The database design and diverse application of NLCD 2001 pose significant challenges for accuracy assessment because numerous objectives are of interest, including accuracy of land-cover. percent urban imperviousness, percent tree canopy, land-cover composition, and net change. A multi-support approach is needed because these objectives require spatial units of different sizes for reference data collection and analysis. Determining a sampling design that meets the full suite of desirable objectives for the NLCD 2001 accuracy assessment requires reconciling potentially conflicting design features that arise from targeting the different objectives. Multi-stage cluster sampling, provides the general structure to achieve a multi-support assessment. and the flexibility to target different objectives at different stops of the design. We describe the implementation of two-stage cluster sampling for the initial phase of the NLCD 2001 assessment, and identify gaps in existing knowledge where research is needed to allow full implementation of a multi-objective, multi-support assessment. C1 [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY ESF, Dept Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Jonathan H.] 519 USGS Natl Ctr, Geog Anal & Monitoring Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY ESF, Dept Forestry, 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM svstehma@syr.edu NR 79 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1561 EP 1571 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 381PY UT WOS:000261549600016 ER PT J AU Raevsky, OA Grigor'ev, VY Weber, EE Dearden, JC AF Raevsky, Oleg A. Grigor'ev, Veniamin Yu. Weber, Eric E. Dearden, John C. TI Classification and Quantification of the Toxicity of Chemicals to Guppy, Fathead Minnow and Rainbow Trout: Part 1. Nonpolar Narcosis Mode of Action SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Baseline toxicity; Hybot; Lipophilicity; Moldivs; Narcosis AB Discrimination of the acute toxicity of chemicals to guppy (Poecilia reticulata). fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with nonpolar narcosis and other Modes Of Action (MOA) was successfully carried out by means of discrimination analysis and structural similarity analysis. Good QSARs for acute aquatic toxicity of chemicals with nonpolar narcosis MOA for the three fish species were constructed, based oil molecular polarizability and H-bond acceptor factors calculated by the HYBOT program. These latter relationships are useful alternatives to QSARs based oil the experimental parameter log K(o/w). because they yield good statistics and because they are amenable to physicochemical interpretation. In this case, the acute aquatic toxicity of chemicals with nonpolar MOA is presented as the result of two contributions) with opposite (molecular polarizability which is volume-related, and hydrogen bonding action: molecular polarizability increases acute nonpolar narcosis toxicity and H-bond acceptor ability decreases it. C1 [Raevsky, Oleg A.; Grigor'ev, Veniamin Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physiol Act Cpds, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. [Weber, Eric E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Dearden, John C.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. RP Raevsky, OA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physiol Act Cpds, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. EM raevsky@ipac.ac.ru FU International Science and Technology Centre [888, 3777] FX This investigation was supported by the International Science and Technology Centre (Projects #888 and 3777). NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1274 EP 1281 DI 10.1002/qsar.200860014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 386PG UT WOS:000261894500001 ER PT J AU Young, D Martin, T Venkatapathy, R Harten, P AF Young, Douglas Martin, Todd Venkatapathy, Raghuraman Harten, Paul TI Are the Chemical Structures in Your QSAR Correct? SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Databases; N-octanol/water partition coefficient; Quantitative structure-activity relationships; SMILES ID TREE TESTING STRATEGIES; EU REACH LEGISLATION; TOXICITY; REQUIREMENTS; RESPECT AB Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) are used to predict many different endpoints, utilize hundreds, and even thousands of different parameters (or descriptors). and are created using a variety of approaches. The one thing they ill have in common is the assumption that the chemical structures used are correct. This research investigates this assumption by examining six public and private databases that Contain Structural information for chemicals. Molecular fingerprinting techniques are used to determine the error rates for structures in each of the databases. It was observed that the databases had error rates ranging, from 0.1 to 3.4%. A case study to predict the n-octanol/water partition coefficient was also investigated to highlight the effects of these errors in the predictions of QSARs. In this case study, QSARs were developed using both (i) all correct Structures and (ii) Structures from a database with an error rate, of 3.40%. This Case Study showed how slight errors in chemical structures. such as misplacing a Cl atom or Swapping hydroxy and methoxy functional groups Oil a multiple ring structure. can result in significant differences in the accuracy Of the prediction for those chemicals. C1 [Young, Douglas; Martin, Todd; Harten, Paul] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Venkatapathy, Raghuraman] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Young, D (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM young.douglas@epa.gov NR 27 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1337 EP 1345 DI 10.1002/qsar.200810084 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 386PG UT WOS:000261894500007 ER PT J AU Chen, CW AF Chen, Chao W. TI Lingering effect: Epidemiological information useful for risk assessment SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Risk assessment; Cessation lag; Lingering effect; Dose-response; Smoking; Age; Cancer ID LUNG-CANCER; SMOKING; EXPOSURE AB This article discusses cessation lag and effect lingering and their potential applications to dose-response analysis in risk assessment. Effect lingering can be used to analyze epidemiological data by uncovering the hidden biological implication related to disease endpoints, thereby advancing current characterization efforts and reducing risk assessment uncertainties. To illustrate the approach, as well as to better characterize the role of age of initiation and duration of smoking in carcinogenesis, we apply the concept of lingering effect to smoking and lung cancer data from the Cancer Prevention Study II. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chen, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Chen.Chao@EPA.Gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.08.008 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 381EX UT WOS:000261519600005 PM 18789999 ER PT J AU Pahl, D Wilson, W Evans, R Kowalski, L Vickery, J Costa, D AF Pahl, Dale Wilson, William Evans, Ron Kowalski, Lorelei Vickery, James Costa, Dan TI Research, policy, and evaluation: systematic interaction informs air quality decisions SO RESEARCH EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION; DISEASE AB There are enormous challenges to understanding cause-and-effect relationships among complex and dynamic systems. This article describes how systematic interactions among research, policy decisions, and evaluation of these decisions help develop and implement a multiyear federal research program for airborne particulate matter. This federal research program investigates relationships among systems that encompass the atmosphere, air quality, and human health; and provides new knowledge to inform decisions about national ambient air quality standards. C1 [Pahl, Dale; Wilson, William; Kowalski, Lorelei; Vickery, James; Costa, Dan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Evans, Ron] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Pahl, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM pahl.dale@epa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BEECH TREE PUBLISHING PI GUILDFORD PA 10 WATFORD CLOSE,, GUILDFORD GU1 2EP, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0958-2029 J9 RES EVALUAT JI Res. Evaluat. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.3152/095820209X378288 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 393GO UT WOS:000262359500003 ER PT J AU Brass, DM Wise, AL Schwartz, DA AF Brass, David M. Wise, Anastasia L. Schwartz, David A. TI Host-Environment Interactions in Exposure-Related Diffuse Lung Diseases SO SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Vulnerable epithelium; interstitial lung disease; fibrosis ID IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; SURFACTANT PROTEIN-C; HERMANSKY-PUDLAK-SYNDROME; NIEMANN-PICK-DISEASE; USUAL INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; LAMELLAR BODY DEGENERATION; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; HYPOCALCIURIC HYPERCALCEMIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE MODEL AB Diffuse lung disease (DLD), also known as interstitial lung disease (ILD), comprises a group of relatively rare but devastating lung diseases that involve varying degrees of acute and chronic inflammation, and which may present with end-stage fibroproliferation. There are currently no proven therapeutic strategies to halt progression of DLDs. Thinking about DLDs has evolved over time from hypotheses invoking inflammation as the prime mover in the etiology of disease, to the current hypothesis that interactions between a damaged and frustrated epithelium, and the response of underlying mesenchymal cells that takes place, contribute to the fibroproliferative milieu. The greatest challenge to understanding the role of environmental exposures in pathogenesis of DLDs is that there is no clear consensus on the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging data on the relationship between loss of epithelial integrity and mesenchymal fibroproliferation support the hypothesis that the damage to the epithelium is a critical component in the development of DLDs that progress to a fibroproliferative presentation. Thus it follows that environmental stress which impacts the well-being of the epithelium may play a critical role in shifting the balance of lung homeostasis through ongoing insult as a result of exposure to environmental agents. Animal models that recapitulate the vulnerable epithelium observed in patients who develop fibrotic lung disease associated with DLDs will provide the best Opportunity to understand mechanisms associated with the etiology of these diseases. C1 [Brass, David M.; Wise, Anastasia L.; Schwartz, David A.] NHLBI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Brass, DM (reprint author), DUMC Box 3373,Res Dr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM David.brass@duke.edu FU NHLBI; NIEHS FX This work was funded by the NHLBI and NIEHS division of intramural research. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1069-3424 J9 SEMIN RESP CRIT CARE JI Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 603 EP 609 DI 10.1055/s-0028-1101270 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 380EG UT WOS:000261448400003 PM 19221958 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Patel, G Mishra, BG Varma, RS AF Kumar, Dalip Patel, Gautam Mishra, Braja G. Varma, Rajender S. TI Eco-friendly polyethylene glycol promoted Michael addition reactions of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Polyethylene glycol; Michael addition; 2 '-Hydroxychalcone; 2 '-Aminochalcones; alpha,beta-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds ID EFFICIENT RECYCLE SYSTEM; NONIONIC LIQUID SOLVENT; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; REACTION MEDIA; CATALYST; AMINES; WATER; PEG AB Intra- and inter-nucleophilic addition reactions of different alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were found to be highly effective without any additives in PEG-400 as a recyclable reaction medium under neutral conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Dalip; Patel, Gautam; Mishra, Braja G.] Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. EM dalipk@bits-pilani.ac.in; varma.rajender@epa.gov FU DRDO, New Delhi [ERIP/ER/0505034/M/01/902] FX Authors are grateful for the financial support received from DRDO, New Delhi (Project No. ERIP/ER/0505034/M/01/902). NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 49 BP 6974 EP 6976 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.116 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 371PP UT WOS:000260843700009 ER PT J AU Edwards, SW Preston, RJ AF Edwards, Stephen W. Preston, R. Julian TI Systems Biology and Mode of Action Based Risk Assessment SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN RELEVANCE; IPCS FRAMEWORK; DISEASE; TOXICITY; MECHANISMS; TOXICOLOGY; NETWORKS; INSIGHTS; HUMANS; ERA AB The applications of systems biology approaches have greatly increased in the past decade largely as a consequence of the human genome project and technological advances in genomics and proteomics. Systems approaches have been used in the medical and pharmaceutical realm for diagnostic purposes and target identification. During this same period, the use of mode of action (MOA) for risk assessment has been increasing and there is a need for quantitative risk assessments on an ever-growing number of environmental chemicals. Genome-wide (i.e., global) measurements provide both a discovery engine for identifying MOA and an information base for subsequent evaluation of MOA when conducting a risk assessment. These genome-wide measurements are not chosen based on the hypothesized MOA and therefore represent an unbiased check of the comprehensiveness of an MOA. In addition, optimal design for MOA studies is critical to provide the time and dose dependent data required for quantitative model building. Finally, identification of biomarkers and bioindicators of disease in humans provides a viable way to extrapolate from disease outcomes measured at high exposure levels to those at low exposure levels and thus provide the opportunity to reduce or perhaps eliminate in vivo animal testing. To realize the full potential of these approaches, larger integrated projects which include all these individual components are necessary. C1 [Edwards, Stephen W.; Preston, R. Julian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Edwards, SW (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr MD B305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM edwards.stephen@epa.gov NR 34 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn190 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 373NX UT WOS:000260979800003 PM 18791183 ER PT J AU Bowman, CC Selgrade, MK AF Bowman, Christal C. Selgrade, MaryJane K. TI Failure to Induce Oral Tolerance in Mice Is Predictive of Dietary Allergenic Potency among Foods with Sensitizing Capacity SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TH2 IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SOLUBLE-ANTIGEN; IN-VITRO; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION PATTERNS; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; PEANUT ALLERGENS; DIGESTION; PROTEINS; MODEL AB Animal models are needed to assess novel proteins produced through biotechnology for potential dietary allergenicity. Currently proposed rodent models evaluate sensitizing potential of food extracts or proteins following parenteral administration or oral administration with adjuvant. However, food allergy requires not only the potential to induce immunoglobulin (Ig) E but also the capacity to avoid induction of oral tolerance (specific inhibition of IgE production). Here we describe a mouse model that assesses the potential of food extracts to induce oral tolerance. Adult C3H/HeJ mice were exposed orally to food extracts (without adjuvant) and subsequently challenged with the extract ip. Reduction of antigen-specific serum IgE relative to appropriate controls was used to indicate tolerance. Foods associated with persistent, severe allergy (peanut, Brazil nut), and nonallergens (turkey, spinach) were less tolerizing than foods associated with frequently resolving allergy (egg white). Digestibility was assessed in vitro, and pH alterations or encapsulation were used to modify solubility or digestibility. Egg white, peanut, and Brazil nut proteins were resistant to gastric enzyme (pepsin) degradation; turkey and spinach were not. Among pepsin-resistant proteins, peanut and Brazil nut appeared more sensitive to intestinal enzyme than egg white. For the extracts tested, full gastric digestion appeared to prevent induction of tolerance. Once through the stomach, only proteins resistant to intestinal enzymes induced tolerance. Limiting gastric digestion with sodium bicarbonate enhanced tolerance to peanut and Brazil nut. This model represents a complementary method of assessing potential allergenicity. Also, the conditions under which the test protein is encountered may impact experimental outcome. C1 [Bowman, Christal C.; Selgrade, MaryJane K.] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bowman, CC (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowman.christal@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn200 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 373NX UT WOS:000260979800015 PM 18806252 ER PT J AU Huff, J AF Huff, James TI Long-term Cancer Bioassays of Ascorbic Acid SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; SODIUM-NITRITE; FORESTOMACH CARCINOGENESIS; RATS; INITIATION; PROMOTION C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM huff1@niehs.nih.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 570 EP 571 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn185 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 373NX UT WOS:000260979800027 PM 18755737 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, S Vallero, D Shores, R Vette, A Black, K Martinez, V AF Kimbrough, Sue Vallero, Dan Shores, Richard Vette, Alan Black, Kevin Martinez, Victoria TI Multi-criteria decision analysis for the selection of a near road ambient air monitoring site for the measurement of mobile source air toxics SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Vehicles; Emissions; Decision making; Government; Environmental issues; Geographic information systems AB In 2002, the Sierra Club legally challenged the US Federal Highway Administration and the Nevada Department of Transportation's National Environmental Policy Act environmental document related to the proposed widening of US 95 in Las Vegas, Nevada, including the assessment of impacts of mobile source air toxics from the proposed project. To resolve the situation, Federal Highway Administration entered into a Settlement Agreement with Nevada DOT and the Sierra Club, wherein the Administration agreed to undertake a research effort to characterize the impact and behavior of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mu m and mobile source air toxics near highways. The US Federal Highway Administration and US Environmental Protection Agency determined that it would be in the best interest of both organizations to implement this project in a collaborative manner, allowing a more effective utilization of staffing and resources. One of the first steps of the project implementation has been the selection of a suitable ambient air monitoring site in or around Las Vegas, Nevada. This article presents the multi-criteria analytical steps taken to select the near road monitoring sites to provide air quality data needed to support environmental decision-making in this project. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kimbrough, Sue; Vallero, Dan; Shores, Richard; Vette, Alan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Black, Kevin] Fed Highway Adm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Martinez, Victoria] Fed Highway Adm, Washington, DC 20591 USA. RP Kimbrough, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, RTP, 109 TW Alexander Dr MD-E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kimbrough.sue@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 8 BP 505 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.trd.2008.09.009 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 386YV UT WOS:000261919600003 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, Satinder K. Verma, M. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Wastewater sludges as novel growth substrates for rearing codling moth larvae SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cheese industry sludge; Cydia pomonella; Dewatered sludge; Larval diet; Starch industry sludge ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE GENES; LEPIDOPTERA AB Codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L) is a pest of numerous fruit species and is also used as a host for baculovirus (granulovirus) and hence the high rate production of CM is important for their biological control. In this research, different wastewater residues from cheese industry, starch industry and municipal wastes (eight different types of larval diets) were investigated as potential substitutes for protein ingredient (principal component) of insect diet. CM larvae were produced with 65-75% survival rate and were healthy as observed under the microscope. Hence, use of cheaper alternatives in the diet derived from agriculture and/or municipal wastes was feasible. Moreover, the preparation steps involved, sterilization, mixing and homogenization and hence the simplicity of these steps makes it practical to scale-up the diet to industrial scale in future. There was no contamination all during the process development. Dryness of all larval diets increased with time, however, even after 26 days, the dryness was <= 18% which is an acceptable norm. Weight, length and diameter of CM larvae was higher when 50% of protein was replaced by cheese industry sludge and corresponded to 145 +/- 5, 174 +/- 5, and 103 +/- 3% increase, respectively. Cheese industry sludge gave highest fecundity of 340 eggs/adult/g of larval diet and the values were higher for other alternative larval diets too. Hence, CM insect diet can be developed using alternative protein substitutes (wastewater residues) is feasible, by adopting simplified scheme with scope for industrial scale-up. C1 [Brar, Satinder K.; Verma, M.; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), INRS ETE, 490 Couronne,CP 7500, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, RDCPJ 341855-06]; Canada Research Chair; University of Missouri, Columbia; U. S. EPA FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, RDCPJ 341855-06); Canada Research Chair; University of Missouri, Columbia and U. S. EPA. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. We would like to extend our gratitude and thanks to Dr. Harnaivo Rasamimanana and Mr. Claude St. Jacques of BioTepp Inc. for their excellent collaboration during this research study. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2849 EP 2857 DI 10.1007/s11274-008-9818-z PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 364EV UT WOS:000260319900013 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Bulk Synthesis of Monodisperse Ferrite Nanoparticles at Water-Organic Interfaces under Conventional and Microwave Hydrothermal Treatment and Their Surface Functionalization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TELLURIUM NANORODS; MNFE2O4 PARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; CRYSTALLINE; TEMPERATURE; NANOSCALE; NANOWIRES; NIFE2O4 AB Synthesis of monodisperse MFe(2)O(4) (M =, Ni, Co, Mn) and gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles at a water-toluene interface under conventional as well as microwave hydrothermal conditions using readily available nitrate or chloride salts and oleic acid as the dispersing agent is described. The ensuing particles were monodispersed with a size distribution ranging from 5 to 10 nm. The process is atom-efficient and can be scaled up to a level of several grams without downsizing the size and shape. The modulation of solubility profile of the particles was accomplished via functionalization using organic moieties. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of cubic spinel nanostructures. Particle sizes calculated from the Scherrer formula and TEM micrographs were comparable. ICP-AES studies confirmed that the ratios of Fe to Ni, Mn, and Co were approximately equal to 2. FT-IR confirmed the presence of oleic acid moieties on the surface of the synthesized particles. At room temperature, the particles were found to be superparamagnetic with negligible coercivities equal to 11 - 12 Oe. The saturation magnetization values were in the range of 20-25 emu/g. To render them water-soluble, the particles were functionalized with organic moieties. C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] Environm Protect Agcy, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), Environm Protect Agcy, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX BB is supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors are thankful to Dr. Jayappa Manjanna, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Japan for his help in magnetic measurements. NR 39 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 27 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 47 BP 18399 EP 18404 DI 10.1021/jp807245g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 374PP UT WOS:000261056500018 ER PT J AU Mcrae, BH Schumaker, NH McKane, RB Busing, RT Solomon, AM Burdick, CA AF McRae, Brad H. Schumaker, Nathan H. McKane, Robert B. Busing, Richard T. Solomon, Allen M. Burdick, Connie A. TI A multi-model framework for simulating wildlife population response to land-use and climate change SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Land-use change; Alternative future landscape; Habitat change; Population dynamics; Spatially-explicit population model ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS; MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; SONG SPARROWS; MODELS; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS; DYNAMICS; CONSEQUENCES; DISPERSAL AB Reliable assessments of how human activities will affect wildlife populations are essential for making scientifically defensible resource management decisions. A principle challenge of predicting effects of proposed management, development, or conservation actions is the need to incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic factors, including land-use and climate change, that interact to affect wildlife habitat and populations through time. Here we demonstrate how models of land-use, climate change, and other dynamic factors can be integrated into a coherent framework for predicting wildlife population trends. Our framework starts with land-use and climate change models developed for a region of interest. Vegetation changes through time under alternative future scenarios are predicted using an individual-based plant community model. These predictions are combined with spatially explicit animal habitat models to map changes in the distribution and quality of wildlife habitat expected under the various scenarios. Animal population responses to habitat changes and other factors are then projected using a flexible, individual-based animal population model. As an example application, we simulated animal population trends under three future land-use scenarios and four climate change scenarios in the Cascade Range of western Oregon. We chose two birds with contrasting habitat preferences for our simulations: winter wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes), which are most abundant in mature conifer forests, and song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), which prefer more open, shrubby habitats. We used climate and land-use predictions from previously published studies, as well as previously published predictions of vegetation responses using FORCLIM, an individual-based forest dynamics simulator. Vegetation predictions were integrated with other factors in PATCH, a spatially explicit, individual-based animal population simulator. Through incorporating effects of landscape history and limited dispersal, our framework predicted population changes that typically exceeded those expected based on changes in mean habitat suitability alone. Although land-use had greater impacts on habitat quality than did climate change in our simulations, we found that small changes in vital rates resulting from climate change or other stressors can have large consequences for population trajectories. The ability to integrate bottom-up demographic processes like these with top-down constraints imposed by climate and land-use in a dynamic modeling environment is a key advantage of our approach. The resulting framework should allow researchers to synthesize existing empirical evidence, and to explore complex interactions that are difficult or impossible to capture through piecemeal modeling approaches. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [McRae, Brad H.] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Schumaker, Nathan H.; McKane, Robert B.; Burdick, Connie A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Busing, Richard T.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Solomon, Allen M.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Mcrae, BH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM bmcrae@tnc.org FU US EPA; NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara FX We are grateful to Sue Pierson and Barb Rosenbaum for their help processing GIS data. Josh Lawler, Thorsten Wiegand, Soren Nielsen, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on draft versions. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US EPA. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. The conclusions and opinions are solely those of the authors and are not necessarily the views of the Agency. B. McRae was partially supported as a Postdoctoral Associate at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. NR 80 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.001 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377ZW UT WOS:000261291900007 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Rygwelski, KR Rossmann, R Pauer, JJ Kreis, RG AF Zhang, Xiaomi Rygwelski, Kenneth R. Rossmann, Ronald Pauer, James J. Kreis, Russell G., Jr. TI Model construct and calibration of an integrated water quality model (LM2-Toxic) for the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Project SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Water quality modeling; PCBs; Lake Michigan ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC PCBS; GREAT-LAKES; SUBSTANCES; CONSTANTS; BINDING; MATTER; BAY AB The Lake Michigan Mass Balance Project (LMMBP) was a part of the Enhanced Monitoring Plan (EMP) for Lake Michigan (McCarty et al., 2006). PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) were one of the targeted pollutants studied in the project. As one of the components in the overall LMMBP modeling framework, the LM2-Toxic model was developed to simulate fate and transport of PCB congeners in the Lake Michigan ecosystem. The purpose of the LM2-Toxic model was to address the relationship between sources of PCBs and their resultant concentrations in water and sediments of Lake Michigan and identify key environmental processes that strongly influence mass fluxes of the targeted pollutants in the lake. The model is sophisticated and is an extension of the widely used WASP model in terms of describing physical and biochemical processes within an aquatic system. Three organic carbon sorbents (biotic carbon, particulate detrital carbon, and dissolved organic carbon) and 54 PCB congeners were simulated as individual state variables. Using 1994 and 1995 project-generated field data, the organic carbon solids dynamics were calibrated first. This was followed by the calibration of PCB dynamics. The model construct and calibration results demonstrated significant improvements over historical mass balance models applied to the Lake Michigan ecosystem. The model results indicate that air-water exchange and interaction between the water column and sediment are the most important processes for PCBs in Lake Michigan. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Rygwelski, Kenneth R.; Rossmann, Ronald; Kreis, Russell G., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev,Large Lakes Res Stn, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Forecasting R, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Zhang, Xiaomi; Pauer, James J.] Z Tech Corp, ICF Int Co, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Rygwelski, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev,Large Lakes Res Stn, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Forecasting R, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM rygwelski.kenneth@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Special thanks are extended to the agency personnel at the Large Lakes Research Station, Grosse Ile, Michigan for general support and technical direction, David H. Miller and Timothy J. Feist for helpful comments, and specifically to Kay Morrison of Computer Science Corporation for graphics support. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.012 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377ZW UT WOS:000261291900008 ER PT J AU Jakuba, RW Moffett, JW Dyhrman, ST AF Jakuba, R. Wisniewski Moffett, J. W. Dyhrman, S. T. TI Evidence for the linked biogeochemical cycling of zinc, cobalt, and phosphorus in the western North Atlantic Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SARGASSO SEA; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; TRACE-ELEMENTS; IRON AB Many trace metals such as iron, copper, and manganese have lower concentrations in the surface waters of the North Pacific Ocean than in North Atlantic surface waters. However, cobalt and zinc concentrations in North Atlantic surface waters are often as low as those reported in the North Pacific. We studied the relationship between the distribution of cobalt, zinc, and phosphorus in surface waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean. Both metals show strong depletion in the southern Sargasso Sea, a region characterized by exceedingly low dissolved inorganic phosphorus (generally <4 nmol L(-1)) and measurable alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase is a metalloenzyme (typically containing zinc) that cleaves phosphate monoesters and is a diagnostic indicator of phosphorus stress in phytoplankton. In contrast to the North Pacific Ocean, cobalt and zinc appear to be drawn down to their lowest values only when inorganic phosphorus is below 10 nmol L(-1) in the North Atlantic Ocean. Lower levels of phosphorus in the Atlantic may contribute to these differences, possibly through an increased biological demand for zinc and cobalt associated with dissolved organic phosphorus acquisition. This hypothesis is consistent with results of a culture study where alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in the model coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi upon zinc and cobalt limitation. C1 [Jakuba, R. Wisniewski] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Moffett, J. W.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dyhrman, S. T.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jakuba, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rachel.jakuba@gmail.com FU NSF [OCE-0136835]; EPA STAR FX The authors would like to thank the captain and crew of the R/V Oceanus. Thank you to Ed Boyle for generously providing extra samples for Zn analysis and to Mak Saito and Abigail Noble for providing the DMG reagent. Thanks to Dave Schneider of the WHOI Plasma Mass Spectrometry Facility for assistance with ICP-MS measurements and to Tyler Goepfert and Dreux Chappell for assistance at sea. The authors appreciate the thorough reviews from Bill Sunda and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by NSF grant OCE-0136835 to J.W.M. and S. D. R.W.J. was supported by an EPA STAR Fellowship. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV 22 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 AR GB4012 DI 10.1029/2007GB003119 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 375WI UT WOS:000261144100001 ER PT J AU Copeland, WC Longley, MJ AF Copeland, William C. Longley, Matthew J. TI DNA2 Resolves Expanding Flap in Mitochondrial Base Excision Repair SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID REPLICATION; HELICASE C1 [Copeland, William C.; Longley, Matthew J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Copeland, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM copelan1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-14] NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD NOV 21 PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.11.007 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 377ZD UT WOS:000261290000001 PM 19026774 ER PT J AU Harrill, JA Li, Z Wright, FA Radio, NM Mundy, WR Tornero-Velez, R Crofton, KM AF Harrill, Joshua A. Li, Zhen Wright, Fred A. Radio, Nicholas M. Mundy, William R. Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Crofton, Kevin M. TI Transcriptional response of rat frontal cortex following acute In Vivo exposure to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin and deltamethrin SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Review ID SENSITIVE CALCIUM-CHANNELS; GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; CELLS PC12 CELLS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; CORTICAL-NEURONS; LEAD-EXPOSURE; ION CHANNELS; C-FOS AB Background: Pyrethroids are neurotoxic pesticides that interact with membrane bound ion channels in neurons and disrupt nerve function. The purpose of this study was to characterize and explore changes in gene expression that occur in the rat frontal cortex, an area of CNS affected by pyrethroids, following an acute low-dose exposure. Results: Rats were acutely exposed to either deltamethrin (0.3 - 3 mg/kg) or permethrin (1 - 100 mg/kg) followed by collection of cortical tissue at 6 hours. The doses used range from those that cause minimal signs of intoxication at the behavioral level to doses well below apparent no effect levels in the whole animal. A statistical framework based on parallel linear (SAM) and isotonic regression (PIR) methods identified 95 and 53 probe sets as dose-responsive. The PIR analysis was most sensitive for detecting transcripts with changes in expression at the NOAEL dose. A sub-set of genes (Camk1g, Ddc, Gpd3, c-fos and Egr1) was then confirmed by qRT-PCR and examined in a time course study. Changes in mRNA levels were typically less than 3-fold in magnitude across all components of the study. The responses observed are consistent with pyrethroids producing increased neuronal excitation in the cortex following a low-dose in vivo exposure. In addition, Significance Analysis of Function and Expression (SAFE) identified significantly enriched gene categories common for both pyrethroids, including some relating to branching morphogenesis. Exposure of primary cortical cell cultures to both compounds resulted in an increase (similar to 25%) in the number of neurite branch points, supporting the results of the SAFE analysis. Conclusion: In the present study, pyrethroids induced changes in gene expression in the frontal cortex near the threshold for decreases in ambulatory motor activity in vivo. The penalized regression methods performed similarly in detecting dose-dependent changes in gene transcription. Finally, SAFE analysis of gene expression data identified branching morphogenesis as a biological process sensitive to pyrethroids and subsequent in vitro experiments confirmed this predicted effect. The novel findings regarding pyrethroid effects on branching morphogenesis indicate these compounds may act as developmental neurotoxicants that affect normal neuronal morphology. C1 [Radio, Nicholas M.; Mundy, William R.; Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Harrill, Joshua A.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Li, Zhen; Wright, Fred A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Li, Zhen; Wright, Fred A.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Environm Bioinformat Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tornero-Velez, Rogelio] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM harrill.josh@epa.gov; li.zhen@epa.gov; fwright@bios.unc.edu; radio.nick@epa.gov; mundy.william@epa.gov; tornero-velez.rogelio@epa.gov; crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 FU EPA/UNC Toxicology Research Program, Training Agreement [CR833237]; National Institute of Environmental Health [T32-ES07126] FX JA Harrill was funded through the EPA/UNC Toxicology Research Program, Training Agreement (CR833237) during this work and previously funded through National Institute of Environmental Health Science Training Grant (T32-ES07126). This document has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors would like to thank Drs. Susan Hester and Ram Ramabhadran for comments on a previous version of this manuscript and Brian Robinette for work in preparing neuronal cell cultures. NR 116 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 546 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-546 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 403UN UT WOS:000263107600001 PM 19017407 ER PT J AU Puett, RC Schwartz, J Hart, JE Yanosky, JD Speizer, FE Suh, H Paciorek, CJ Neas, LM Laden, F AF Puett, Robin C. Schwartz, Joel Hart, Jaime E. Yanosky, Jeff D. Speizer, Frank E. Suh, Helen Paciorek, Christopher J. Neas, Lucas M. Laden, Francine TI Chronic Particulate Exposure, Mortality, and Coronary Heart Disease in the Nurses' Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; FOLLOW-UP; 6 CITIES; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; RISK AB Adverse health effects of exposures to acute air pollution have been well studied. Fewer studies have examined effects of chronic exposure. Previous studies used exposure estimates for narrow time periods and were limited by the geographic distribution of pollution monitors. This study examined the association of chronic particulate exposures with all-cause mortality, incident nonfatal myocardial infarction, and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in a prospective cohort of 66,250 women from the Nurses' Health Study in northeastern US metropolitan areas. Nonfatal outcomes were assessed through self-report and medical record review and fatalities through death certificates and medical record review. During follow-up (1992-2002), 3,785 deaths and 1,348 incident fatal CHD and nonfatal myocardial infarctions occurred. In age- and calendar-time-adjusted models, 10-mu g/m(3) increases in 12-month average exposures to particulate matter < 10 mu m in diameter were associated with increased all-cause mortality (16%, 95% confidence interval: 5, 28) and fatal CHD (43%, 95% confidence interval: 10, 86). Adjustment for body mass index and physical activity weakened these associations. Body mass index and smoking modified the association between exposure to particulate matter < 10 mu m in diameter and fatal CHD. In this population, increases in such exposures were associated with increases in all-cause and CHD mortality. Never smokers with higher body mass indexes were at greatest risk of fatal CHD. C1 [Puett, Robin C.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Environm Hlth Sci,Canc Prevent & Control Pro, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Schwartz, Joel; Hart, Jaime E.; Yanosky, Jeff D.; Speizer, Frank E.; Suh, Helen; Laden, Francine] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hart, Jaime E.; Speizer, Frank E.; Laden, Francine] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Paciorek, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Neas, Lucas M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Puett, RC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, SC Canc Prevent & Control Program, 2221 Devine St,Room 227, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rpuett@gwm.sc.edu RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Puett, Robin/A-4449-2012 FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [83054501-0]; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [CA87969]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [1F32 HL083648] FX This research was supported by a grant (83054501-0) from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program; a PPG grant (CA87969) from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; and a grant (1F32 HL083648) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. NR 27 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 10 BP 1161 EP 1168 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn232 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 373JY UT WOS:000260969100010 PM 18835862 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Fasano, F Ellington, JJ Crumley, FG Buettner, KM Evans, JJ Blount, BC Silva, LK Waite, TJ Luther, GW McKague, AB Miltner, RJ Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ AF Richardson, Susan D. Fasano, Francesca Ellington, J. Jackson Crumley, F. Gene Buettner, Katherine M. Evans, John J. Blount, Benjamin C. Silva, Lalith K. Waite, Tim J. Luther, George W. McKague, A. Bruce Miltner, Richard J. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Plewa, Michael J. TI Occurrence and Mammalian Cell Toxicity of Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; IN-VITRO; HALOACETIC ACIDS; GENOTOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; IODIDE; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; TRIHALOMETHANES; METABOLISM; OXIDATION AB An occurrence study was conducted to measure five iodo-acids (iodoacetic acid, bromoiodoacetic acid, (Z)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid, (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid, and (E)2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid) and two iodo-trihalomethanes (iodo-THMs), (dichloroiodomethane and bromochloro-iodomethane) in chloraminated and chlorinated drinking waters from 23 cities in the United States and Canada. Since iodoacetic acid was previously found to be genotoxic in mammalian cells, the iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were analyzed for toxicity.A gas chromatography (GC)/negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed to measure the iodo-acids; iodo-THMs were measured using GC/high resolution electron ionization-MS with isotope dilution. The iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were found in waters from most plants, at maximum levels of 1.7 mu g/L (iodoacetic acid), 1.4 ug/L (bromoiodoacetic acid), 0.50 mu g/L ((Z)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid), 0.28 mu g/L ((E)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid), 0.58 mu g/L ((E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid), 10.2 mu g/L (bromochloroiodomethane), and 7.9 mu g/L(dichloroiodomethane). Iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were highest at plants with short free chlorine contact times (<1 min), and were lowest at a chlorine-only plant or at plants with long free chlorine contact times (>45 min). Iodide levels in source waters ranged from 0.4 to 104.2 ug/L(when detected), but there was not a consistent correlation between bromide and iodide. The rank order for mammalian cell chronic cytotoxicity of the compounds measured in this study, plus other iodinated compounds, was iodoacetic acid > (E)-3-bromo-2-iodopropenoic acid > iodoform > (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > (Z)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > diiodoacetic acid > bromoiodoacetic acid > (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid > bromodiiodomethane > dibro-moiodomethane > bromochloroiodomethane approximate to chlorodi-iodomethane > dichloroiodomethane. With the exception of iodoform, the iodo-THMs were much less cytotoxic than the iodo-acids. Of the 13 compounds analyzed, 7 were genotoxic; their rank order was iodoacetic acid >> diiodoacetic acid > chlorodiiodomethane > bromoiodoacetic acid > E-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid > (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > (E)-3-bromo-2-iodopropenoic acid. In general, compounds that contain an iodo-group have enhanced mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as compared to their brominated and chlorinated analogues. C1 [Richardson, Susan D.; Fasano, Francesca; Ellington, J. Jackson; Crumley, F. Gene; Buettner, Katherine M.; Evans, John J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.; Silva, Lalith K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Waite, Tim J.; Luther, George W.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [McKague, A. Bruce] CanSyn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. [Miltner, Richard J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, NSF WaterCAMPWS Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov RI Luther, III, George/A-6384-2008 OI Luther, III, George/0000-0002-0780-885X FU EPA; U.S. EPA Cooperative Agreement [CR83069501]; Illinois-Indiana Sea [R/WF-09-06]; Center of Advanced Materials; National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center [0120978]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea [NA16RG016203] FX We are grateful to Sean Crook of Waters Corp. for helping us set up NCI-MS experiments, as well as Prof. Marco Vincenti of the University of Torino (Italy) for his support of Francesca Fasano. We thank Cristal Lindell, Al Thruston, Fred Cardinali, Stephanie Brown, David Griffith, Jeff Collins, Karen Kleier, and Carla McCord for chemical analyses. We appreciate the support of the EPA Greater Research Opportunities Undergraduate Fellowship (K.B. and Cristal Lindell). The toxicology research was funded in part by U.S. EPA Cooperative Agreement CR83069501, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant R/WF-09-06, and the Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center, under Award CTS-0120978. G.W.L. acknowledges support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant (NA16RG016203). Lastly, we are grateful to the generous assistance from our collaborators at the treatment plants.Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 38 TC 187 Z9 200 U1 23 U2 153 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 22 BP 8330 EP 8338 DI 10.1021/es801169k PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372SF UT WOS:000260921400027 PM 19068814 ER PT J AU Tao, L Ma, J Kunisue, T Libelo, EL Tanabe, S Kannan, K AF Tao, Lin Ma, Jing Kunisue, Tatsuya Libelo, E. Laurence Tanabe, Shinsuke Kannan, Kurunthachalam TI Perfluorinated Compounds in Human Breast Milk from Several Asian Countries, and in Infant Formula and Dairy Milk from the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; HUMAN BLOOD; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CROSS-FOSTER; FETAL-GROWTH; EXPOSURE; CHEMICALS; SERUM; FLUOROCHEMICALS AB The occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in human blood is known to be widespread; nevertheless, the sources of exposure to humans, including infants, are not well understood. In this study, breast milk collected from seven countries in Asia was analyzed (n = 184) for nine PFCs, including perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). In addition, five brands of infant formula (n = 21) and 11 brands of dairy milk (n = 12) collected from retail stores in the United States were analyzed, for comparison with PFC concentrations previously reported for breast milk from the U.S. PFOS was the predominant PFC detected in almost all Asian breast milk samples, followed by perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and PFOA. Median concentrations of PFOS in breast milk from Asian countries varied significantly; the lowest concentration of 39.4 pg/mL was found in India, and the highest concentration of 196 pg/mL was found in Japan. The measured concentrations were similar to or less than the concentrations previously reported from Sweden, the United States, and Germany (median, 106-166 pg/mL). PFHxS was found in more than 70% of the samples analyzed from Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam, at mean concentrations ranging from 6.45 (Malaysia) to 15.8 (Philippines) pg/mL. PFOA was found frequently only in samples from Japan; the mean concentration for that country was 77.7 pg/mL. None of the PFCs were detected in the infant-formula or dairy-milk samples from the U.S. except a few samples that contained concentrations close to the limit of detection. The estimated average daily intake of PFOS by infants from seven Asian countries, via breastfeeding, was 11.8 +/- 10.6 ng/kg bw/ day; this value is 7-12 times higher than the estimated adult dietary intakes previously reported from Germany, Canada, and Spain. The average daily intake of PFOA by Japanese infants was 9.6 +/- 4.9 ng/kg bw/day, a value 3-10 times greater than the estimated adult dietary intakes reported from Germany and Canada. The highest estimated daily intakes of PFOS and PFOA by infants from seven Asian countries studied were 1-2 orders of magnitude below the tolerable daily intake values recommended by the U.K. Food Standards Agency. C1 [Tao, Lin; Ma, Jing; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Tao, Lin; Ma, Jing; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Tao, Lin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Libelo, E. Laurence] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Tanabe, Shinsuke] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Empire State Plaza,POB 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org RI Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013; Kunisue, Tatsuya/G-4171-2014 OI Kunisue, Tatsuya/0000-0002-8167-1564 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20021003]; Ministry of Environment, Japan [K1821, K1836]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXI), Japan; JSPS FX We thank the following scientists for help with collection of the breast milk samples: Dr. Yuko Kuroda from Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Japan for Japanese samples; Dr. Pham Hung Viet from Hanoi National University, Vietnam and Dr. Bui Cach Tuyen from University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam, for Vietnamese samples; Dr. Touch Seang Tana from Social and Culture Observation Unit of the Cabinet of the Council of Minister, Cambodia, for Cambodian samples; Dr. Tussy A. Adibroto from Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Indonesia, for Indonesian samples; Dr. Maricar Prudente from De La Salle University, Philippines, for Philippine samples; Ms. Hatijah Hashirn from Consumers' Association of Penang, Malaysia, for Malaysian samples; Dr. Armamalaj SubramanianfromEhimeUniversity, Japan andMs. ParomitaChakraborty fromThe ChineseAcademyofSciences, China, forIndian samples. Financial support for this study was partly provided by Grantsin-Aid for Scientific Research (S) (20221003) from theJapan Society for the Promotion of Science USPS) and the Waste Management Research Grants (KI821 and K1836) from the Ministry of Environment, Japan. This study was partly supported by the "Global COE Program" of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXI) Japan and JSPS. This work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication but does not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 43 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 11 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 22 BP 8597 EP 8602 DI 10.1021/es801875v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372SF UT WOS:000260921400068 PM 19068854 ER PT J AU Winnik, WM Ortiz, PA AF Winnik, Witold M. Ortiz, Pedro A. TI Proteomic analysis optimization: Selective protein sample on-column retention in reverse-phase liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Proteomic profiling; Microsomal proteins; Cytochrome P450; Reverse-phase liquid chromatography; Fractionation; Sample injection; Flow-through; Selectivity; DMSO; 1D gel electrophoresis; SDS PAGE; Nanospray LC-MS/MS; Mass spectrometry ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ABUNDANT PROTEINS; SERUM-PROTEINS; EXCHANGE; IDENTIFICATION; PREFRACTIONATION; FRACTIONATION; COMBINATION; TECHNOLOGY AB In an effort to optimize reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) for proteomics, we studied the impact of composition of the sample injection solution on protein on-column selection and retention. All the proteins studied were retained on-column when injections were made in 50% formic acid, 0.1% TFA or 8.3 M urea. When formic acid was increased to 80%, the superoxide dismutase standard (MW 26.159) and 58 mouse microsomal proteins that possessed low-range molecular weights, high pls or basic amino acid clusters were non-retained, resulting in retention selectivity during sample injection. Introducing to the 80% formic acid injection solution an organic solvent such as acetonitrile or acetonitrile-DMSO induced further retention selectivity, and increasing levels of organic solvents reduced on-column retention. The proteome was split into the proteins that were retained on-column which eluted at higher retention times (RTs), vs the proteins that collected in the injection flow-through which normally eluted at lower RTs. This protein selectivity was confirmed after fraction collection, 1D-GE and nano-LC-MS/MS. The significance of this procedure is that it can be exploited for fast extraction of small basic proteins from the bulk of the proteome and for on-column enrichment of hydrophobic proteins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Winnik, Witold M.; Ortiz, Pedro A.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Winnik, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Code B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM winnik.witold@epa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 875 IS 2 BP 478 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.09.029 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 377TG UT WOS:000261272900021 PM 18926777 ER PT J AU Chuang, MT Fu, JS Jang, CJ Chan, CC Ni, PC Lee, CT AF Chuang, Ming-Tung Fu, Joshua S. Jang, Carey J. Chan, Chang-Chuan Ni, Pei-Cheng Lee, Chung-Te. TI Simulation of long-range transport aerosols from the Asian Continent to Taiwan by a Southward Asian high-pressure system SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Long-range transport; Atmospheric aerosol; MM5; CMAQ; Taipei Aerosol supersite ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOW-SAND; HONG-KONG; REACTIVE NITROGEN; AIR-POLLUTANTS; ACE-ASIA; PM10; DEPOSITION; PARTICLES; PM2.5 AB Aerosol is frequently transported by a southward high-pressure system from the Asian Continent to Taiwan and had been recorded a 100% increase in mass level compared to nonevent days from 2002 to 2005. During this time period, PM(2.5) sulfate was found to increase as high as 155% on event days as compared to non-event days. In this study, Asian emission estimations, Taiwan Emission Database System (TEDS), and meteorological simulation results from the fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) were used as inputs for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate a long-range transport Of PM(25) event in a southward high-pressure system from the Asian Continent to Taiwan. The simulation on aerosol mass level and the associated aerosol components were found within a reasonable accuracy. During the transport process, the percentage of semi-volatile PM(2.5) organic carbon in PM(2.5) plume only slightly decreased from 22-24% in Shanghai to 21% near Taiwan. However, the percentage Of PM(2.5) nitrate in PM(2.5) decreased from 16-25% to 1%. In contrast, the percentage Of PM(2.5) sulfate in PM(2.5) increased from 16-19% to 35%. it is interesting to note that the percentage Of PM(2.5) ammonium and PM(2.5) elemental carbon in PM(2.5) remained nearly constant. Simulation results revealed that transported pollutants dominate the air quality in Taipei when the southward high-pressure system moved to Taiwan. Such condition demonstrates the dynamic chemical transformation of pollutants during the transport process from continental origin over the sea area and to the downwind land. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chuang, Ming-Tung; Lee, Chung-Te.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. [Jang, Carey J.] US EPA, Office Air Qual Planning & Stand, Washington, DC USA. [Chan, Chang-Chuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Occupat Med & Ind Hyg, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Ni, Pei-Cheng] CTCI Corp, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Lee, CT (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. EM ctlee@cc.ncu.edu.tw OI CHAN, CHANG-CHUAN/0000-0002-7518-5236 FU Taiwan National Science Council [NSC 93-2111-M-008-018-AGC]; University of Tennessee at Knoxville; U.S. NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction); DBAR (Data Bank of Atmospheric Research) FX The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the Taiwan National Science Council (NSC 93-2111-M-008-018-AGC) and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville for providing financial support to this study. They are also grateful to Dr. David Streets for providing the required data from the Asian emissions inventory. The researchers likewise acknowledge the contribution of the U.S. NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction), DBAR (Data Bank of Atmospheric Research, managed by the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University), and Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration for the atmospheric monitoring data used in this study. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZS UT WOS:000260941400017 PM 18790518 ER PT J AU Keshava, N Roszell, L AF Keshava, Nagalakshmi Roszell, Laurie TI Understanding of recent issues and challenges in risk assessment SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Keshava, Nagalakshmi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Keshava, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, B 243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM keshava.nagu@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.003 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800002 ER PT J AU Fowler, B Keshava, N AF Fowler, Bruce Keshava, Nagalakshmi TI Biomarkers of Exposure and Effects: Presentations at the 2007 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Keshava, Nagalakshmi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fowler, Bruce] Senior Biomed Res Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fowler, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM keshava.nagu@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.002 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800003 ER PT J AU Judson, R Richard, A Dix, D Houck, K Elloumi, F Martin, M Cathey, T Transue, TR Spencer, R Wolf, M AF Judson, Richard Richard, Ann Dix, David Houck, Keith Elloumi, Fathi Martin, Matthew Cathey, Tommy Transue, Thomas R. Spencer, Richard Wolf, Maritja TI ACTOR - Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ToxCast; ACToR; Database; HTS; Screening; Prioritization ID WEB RESOURCES; INFORMATION RESOURCES; TOXICITY; INTERNET; WORLD; RISK AB ACTOR (Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource) is a database and set of software applications that bring into one central location many types and sources of data on environmental chemicals. Currently, the ACToR chemical database contains information on chemical structure, in vitro bioassays and in vivo toxicology assays derived from more than 150 sources including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), state agencies, corresponding government agencies in Canada, Europe and Japan, universities, the World Health Organization (WHO) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). At the EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology, ACToR helps manage large data sets being used in a high-throughput environmental chemical screening and prioritization program called Toxcast (TM). (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Judson, Richard; Richard, Ann; Dix, David; Houck, Keith; Elloumi, Fathi; Martin, Matthew] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Judson, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 NR 33 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.037 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800004 PM 18671997 ER PT J AU Woodall, GM AF Woodall, George M. TI An exposure-response database for detailed toxicity data SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Risk assessment; Relational database; Toxicity ID INFORMATION; TOXICOLOGY AB Risk assessment for human health effects often depends on evaluation of toxicological literature from a variety of sources. Risk assessors have limited resources for obtaining raw data, performing follow-on analyses or initiating new studies. These constraints must be balanced against a need to improve scientific credibility through improved statistical and analytical methods that optimize the use of available information. Computerized databases are used in toxicological risk assessment both for storing data and performing predictive analyses. Many systems provide primarily either bibliographic information or summary factual data from toxicological studies; few provide adequate information to allow application of dose-response models. The Exposure-Response database (ERDB) described here fills this gap by allowing entry of sufficiently detailed information on experimental design and results for each study, while limiting data entry to the most relevant. ERDB was designed to contain information from the open literature to support dose-response assessment and allow a high level of automation in performance of various types of dose-response analyses. Specifically, ERDB supports emerging analytical approaches for dose-response assessment, while accommodating the diverse nature of published literature. Exposure and response data are accessible in a relational multi-table design, with closely controlled standard fields for recording values and free-text fields to describe unique aspects of the study. Additional comparative analyses are made possible through summary tables and graphic representations of the data contained within ERDB. Published by Elsevier Inc. RP Woodall, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, NCEA RTP B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM woodall.george@epa.gov RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 14 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.039 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800005 PM 18671995 ER PT J AU Woodall, GM Smith, RL AF Woodall, George M. Smith, Roy L. TI The Air Toxics Health Effects Database (ATHED) SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reference values; Acute; Chronic; Risk assessment; Relational database AB The Air Toxics Health Effects Database (ATHED) is currently used by the EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to support risk assessments for the Residual Risk Program. An assessment of the residual risk is required to be performed at a specified time (typically 8years) following the promulgation of a technology-based Maximum Achievable Control Technologies (MACT) standard. The goal of the Residual Risk Program is to assure that the risk that remains after MACT standards are implemented (Le., the "residual risk") is acceptable, and if not, to propose additional regulations to mitigate those risks. ATHED maintains all available reference values for each chemical as separate data records, and includes values for all exposure durations (acute, short-term, subchronic and chronic). These values are used as benchmarks to determine acceptable exposure levels to the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) listed in Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. ATHED also provides useful background information on the uncertainty and/or modifying factors that were applied in the derivation of each reference value, as well as the point of departure and the critical study/studies. To facilitate comparisons across durations for a specific chemical, ATHED data can be graphically presented. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Woodall, George M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Roy L.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Woodall, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, NCEA RTP B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM woodall.george@epa.gov RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.038 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800007 PM 18671996 ER PT J AU Moudgal, CJ Garrahan, K Brady-Roberts, E Gavrelis, N Arbogast, M Dun, S AF Moudgal, Chandrika J. Garrahan, Kevin Brady-Roberts, Eletha Gavrelis, Naida Arbogast, Michelle Dun, Sarah TI Human health risk assessment database, "the NHSRC toxicity value database": Supporting the risk assessment process at US EPA's National Homeland Security Research Center SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxicity; Risk assessment; TVD; Reference values AB The toxicity value database of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Homeland Security Research Center has been in development since 2004. The toxicity value database includes a compilation of agent property, toxicity, dose-response, and health effects data for 96 agents: 84 chemical and radiological agents and 12 biotoxins. The database is populated with multiple toxicity benchmark values and agent property information from secondary sources, with web links to the secondary sources, where available. A selected set of primary literature citations and associated dose-response data are also included. The toxicity value database offers a powerful means to quickly and efficiently gather pertinent toxicity and dose-response data for a number of agents that are of concern to the nation's security. This database, in conjunction with other tools, will play an important role in understanding human health risks, and will provide a means for risk assessors and managers to make quick and informed decisions on the potential health risks and determine appropriate responses (e.g., cleanup) to agent release. A final, stand alone MS ACESSS working version of the toxicity value database was completed in November, 2007. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moudgal, Chandrika J.; Garrahan, Kevin; Brady-Roberts, Eletha] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHSRC, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Moudgal, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHSRC, 901 N 5th St, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. EM moudgal.chandrika@epa.gov FU Eastern Research Group Inc., Lexington, MA [GS-10F-0036K]; National Homeland Security Research Center, US EPA FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Deborah McKean, Acting Division Director of the Threat and Consequence Management Division, NHSRC, and Ms. Cynthia Sonich-Mullin, Acting Director for Management, NHSRC, for their comprehensive review and recommendations.; This database development was supported by Eastern Research Group Inc., Lexington, MA under GSA contract GS-10F-0036K with the National Homeland Security Research Center, US EPA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.040 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800008 PM 18692516 ER PT J AU Fostel, JM AF Fostel, Jennifer M. TI Towards standards for data exchange and integration and their impact on a public database such as CEBS (Chemical Effects in Biological Systems) SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxicogenomics; Data integration; Data exchange; Database; Ketoconazole; 1-napthyl isothiocyanate; Clotrimazole; Econazole; Carbon tetrachloride; Ethanol; Valproic acid; Sodium arsenite; Miconazole; Fluconazole; Itraconazole; Simvastatin; Atorvastatin; N,N-dimethylformamide; Gemfribrozil; Bezafibrate; Allyl alcohol; Clofibrate; Fenofibrate; Lovastatin; N-nitrosodiethylamine; Fluvastatin ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; MICROARRAY DATA; TOXICITY; REVEALS; MECHANISMS; PREDICTS AB Integration, re-use and meta-analysis of high content study data, typical of DNA microarray studies, can increase its scientific utility. Access to study data and design parameters would enhance the mining of data integrated across studies. However, without standards for which data to include in exchange, and common exchange formats, publication of high content data is time-consuming and often prohibitive. The MGED Society (www.mged.org) was formed in response to the widespread publication of microarray data, and the recognition of the utility of data re-use for meta-analysis. The NIEHS has developed the Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS) database, which can manage and integrate study data and design from biological and biomedical studies. As community standards are developed for study data and metadata it will become increasingly straightforward to publish high content data in CEBS, where they will be available for meta-analysis. Different exchange formats for study data are being developed: Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND; www.cdisc.org);Tox-ML (www.Leadscope.com) and Simple Investigation Formatted Text (SIFT) from the NIEHS. Data integration can be done at the level of conclusions about responsive genes and phenotypes, and this workflow is supported by CEBS. CEBS also integrates raw and preprocessed data within a given platform. The utility and a method for integrating data within and across DNA microarray studies is shown in an example analysis using DrugMatrix data deposited in CEBS by Iconix Pharmaceuticals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fostel, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Fostel, Jennifer M.] SRA Int Inc LLC, Global Hlth Sector, Durham, NC USA. RP Fostel, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MD F1-05,111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Fostel@niehs.nih.gov FU Division of Intramural research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science [HHSN273200700046U] FX I would like to acknowledge members of the numerous communities working on data exchange formats and standards, and Dr. B.A. Merrick for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Division of Intramural research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science, under contract HHSN273200700046U. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.06.015 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800011 PM 18680759 ER PT J AU Price, PS Keenan, RE Swartout, JC AF Price, Paul S. Keenan, Russell E. Swartout, Jeffrey C. TI Characterizing interspecies uncertainty using data from studies of anti-neoplastic agents in animals and humans SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty factors; Interspecies; Reference dose; Risk characterization ID TOXICOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; EARLY CLINICAL-TRIALS; TOXICITY DATA; RFD; EXTRAPOLATION; ASSESSMENTS AB For most chemicals, the Reference Dose (RfD) is based on data from animal testing. The uncertainty introduced by the use of animal models has been termed interspecies uncertainty. The magnitude of the differences between the toxicity of a chemical in humans and test animals and its uncertainty can be investigated by evaluating the inter-chemical variation in the ratios of the doses associated with similar toxicological endpoints in test animals and humans. This study performs such an evaluation on a data set of 64 anti-neoplastic drugs. The data set provides matched responses in humans and four species of test animals: mice, rats, monkeys, and dogs. While the data have a number of limitations, the data show that when the drugs are evaluated on a body weight basis: 1) toxicity generally increases with a species' body weight: however, humans are not always more sensitive than test animals; 2) the animal to human dose ratios were less than 10 for most, but not all, drugs; 3) the current practice of using data from multiple species when setting RfDs lowers the probability of having a large value for the ratio. These findings provide insight into inter-chemical variation in animal to human extrapolations and suggest the need for additional collection and analysis of matched toxicity data in humans and test animals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Price, Paul S.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Keenan, Russell E.] AMEC Earth & Environm, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Swartout, Jeffrey C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Price, PS (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, 1803 Bldg, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM pprice@dow.com FU Dow Chemical Company FX This paper was initially developed as part of the cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) between McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the U.S. Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1996. The paper was revised with additional support from General Electric and The Dow Chemical Company. The views expressed in this paper are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.03.026 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800013 PM 18514247 ER PT J AU Woodall, GM Goldberg, RB AF Woodall, George M. Goldberg, Robert B. TI Summary of the workshop on the power of aggregated toxicity data SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Computational toxicology; Data sharing; Interagency; Risk assessment AB In this workshop, ongoing federal agency (i.e., EPA, ATSDR, FDA, NIEHS and others) projects that employ toxicity data were discussed, as well as the possibility of innovative approaches for use of existing and new sources of information in risk assessment. Quantitative risk assessment relies upon having detailed exposure-response data, such as number of animals and incidence by exposure group in dichotomous measures and values by individual animal for continuous measures; this level of detail is often not reported in peer-reviewed studies. Additionally, biologically-based models (e.g., PBPK) are useful in risk assessment but require knowledge or collection of parameters as inputs (both chemical-specific and more general physiological parameters), and this information is not always readily available. Structure activity relationship information is also being called upon to help fill in knowledge gaps about specific chemicals where data from related chemicals may be available. Some existing data sources have been developed by various agencies for specific applications, such as those mentioned, and advantage should be taken of those existing resources; however, a great deal more is possible. The purpose of this workshop was to gather together many of the stakeholders using and developing shared toxicological information, determine the potential for greater collaboration, and determine the best course to facilitate the further development of joint information resources. A number of recommendations (development of a consensus toxicological review format, standardization of terminology and data sharing formats, and agreement on primary data elements) and topics for additional discussion were the major products of this workshop. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Woodall, George M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goldberg, Robert B.] Informat Ventures Inc, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Woodall, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, NCEA RTP B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM woodall.george@epa.gov RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.032 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800014 PM 19013305 ER PT J AU Williams, BL Barr, DB Wright, JM Buckley, B Magsumbol, MS AF Williams, Bryan L. Barr, Dana B. Wright, J. Michael Buckley, Brian Magsumbol, Melina S. TI Interpretation of biomonitoring data in clinical medicine and the exposure sciences SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Biomarkers; Exposure science; Clinical medicine; Susceptible populations; Neonatal exposures; Mercury; Lead ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; CHELATION-THERAPY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; LEAD; CHILDREN; BIOMARKERS AB Biomonitoring has become a fundamental tool in both exposure science and clinical medicine. Despite significant analytical advances, the clinical use of environmental biomarkers remains in its infancy. Clinical use of environmental biomarkers poses some complex scientific and ethical challenges. The purpose of this paper is compare how the clinical and exposure sciences differ with respect to their interpretation and use of biological data. Additionally, the clinical use of environmental biomonitoring data is discussed. A case study is used to illustrate the complexities of conducting biomonitoring research on highly vulnerable populations in a clinical setting. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Bryan L.; Magsumbol, Melina S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wright, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Buckley, Brian] Rutgers State Univ, Environm Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Williams, BL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, 50 N Dunlap St,Rm 301 WPT, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM bwilli36@utmem.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Magsumbol, Melina/0000-0002-4904-6427 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.002 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800015 PM 18561969 ER PT J AU Sargent, LM Ensell, MX Ostvold, AC Baldwin, KT Kashon, ML Lowry, DT Senft, JR Jefferson, AM Johnson, RC Li, Z Tyson, FL Reynolds, SH AF Sargent, Linda M. Ensell, Mang X. Ostvold, Anne-Caring Baldwin, Kimberly T. Kashon, Michael L. Lowry, David T. Senft, Jamie R. Jefferson, Amy M. Johnson, Robert C. Li, Zhi Tyson, Frederick L. Reynolds, Steven H. TI Chromosomal changes in high- and low-invasive mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell strains derived from early passage mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell strains SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mouse model; Lung adenocarcinoma; Amplification; Chromosome 1; CGH array ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; BINDING PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; TUMOR PROMOTION; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CARCINOMA AB The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lung is increasing in the United States, however, the difficulties in obtaining lung cancer families and representative samples of early to late stages of the disease have lead to the study of mouse models for lung cancer. We used Spectral Karyotyping (SKY), mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) arrays, gene expression arrays. Western immunoblot and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze nine pairs of high-invasive and low-invasive tumor cell strains derived from early passage mouse lung adenocarcinoma cells to detect molecular changes associated with tumor invasion. The duplication of chromosomes I and 15 and deletion of chromosome 8 were significantly associated with a high-invasive phenotype. The duplication of chromosome 1 at band C4 and E1/2-H1 were the most significant chromosomal changes in the high-invasive cell strains. Mapping with FISH and CGH array further narrowed the minimum region of duplication of chromosome I to 71-82 centimorgans (cM). Expression array analysis and confirmation by real time PCR demonstrated increased expression of COX-2, Translin (TB-RBP), DYRK3, MUCKS and Tubulin-alpha 4 genes in the high-invasive cell strains. Elevated expression and copy number of these genes, which are involved in inflammation, cell movement, proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis and telomere elongation, were associated with an invasive phenotype. Similar linkage groups are altered in invasive human lung adenocarcinoma, implying that the mouse is a valid genetic model for the study of the progression of human lung adenocarcinoma. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sargent, Linda M.; Baldwin, Kimberly T.; Kashon, Michael L.; Lowry, David T.; Senft, Jamie R.; Jefferson, Amy M.; Reynolds, Steven H.] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Ensell, Mang X.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Ostvold, Anne-Caring] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Johnson, Robert C.] Spectral Genom Inc, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Li, Zhi] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Tyson, Frederick L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sargent, LM (reprint author), NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM LSargent@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.031 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800016 PM 18367224 ER PT J AU Winnik, WM Kitchin, KT AF Winnik, Witold M. Kitchin, Kirk T. TI Measurement of oxidative stress parameters using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LC-MS/MS; Oxidative stress; Mass spectroscopy; Tandem mass spectroscopy; Liquid chromatography; SRM; Selected reaction monitoring; Biomarkers ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; DNA-DAMAGE; IN-VIVO; URINARY 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; NONINVASIVE BIOMARKERS; OXIDIZED GLUTATHIONE; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; IONIZATION-MS/MS AB There is increasingly intense scientific and clinical interest in oxidative stress and the many parameters used to quantify the degree of oxidative stress. However, there remain many analytical limitations to currently available assays for oxidative stress markers. Recent improvements in software, hardware, and instrumentation design have made liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) methods optimal choices for the determination of many oxidative stress markers. In particular, LC-MS/MS often provides the advantages of higher specificity, higher sensitivity, and the capacity to determine multiple analytes (e.g. 4-11 oxidative stress markers per LC run) when compared to other available methods, such as gas chromatography-MS, immunoassays, spectrophotometric or flourometric assays. LC-MS/MS methods are also compatible with cleanup and sample preparation methods including prior solid phase extraction or automated two dimensional LC/LC chromatography followed by MS/MS. LC-MS/MS provides three analytical filtering functions: (1) the LC column provides initial separation as each analyte elutes from the column. (2) The first MS dimension isolates ions of a particular mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio. (3) The selected precursor ion is fragmented into product ions that provide structural information about the precursor ion. Quantitation is achieved based on the abundances of the product ions. The sensitivity limits for I-C-MS/MS usually lie within the range of fg-pg of analyte per LC on-column injection. In this article, the present capabilities of LC-MS/MS are briefly presented and some specific examples of the strengths of these LC-MS/MS assays are discussed. The selected examples include methods for isoprostanes, oxidized proteins and amino acids, and DNA biomarkers of oxidative stress. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Winnik, Witold M.; Kitchin, Kirk T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Winnik, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM winnik.witold@epa.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.003 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800018 PM 18547599 ER PT J AU Rice, G MacDonell, M Hertzberg, RC Teuschler, L Picel, K Butler, J Chang, YS Hartmann, H AF Rice, Glenn MacDonell, Margaret Hertzberg, Richard C. Teuschler, Linda Picel, Kurt Butler, Jim Chang, Young-Soo Hartmann, Heidi TI An approach for assessing human exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical mixtures; Exposure assessment; Human health risk assessment; Environmental transport ID CUMULATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER; TOXICOLOGY; STRATEGY AB Humans are exposed daily to multiple chemicals, including incidental exposures to complex chemical mixtures released into the environment and to combinations of chemicals that already co-exist in the environment because of previous releases from various sources. Exposures to chemical mixtures can occur through multiple pathways and across multiple routes. In this paper, we propose an iterative approach for assessing exposures to environmental chemical mixtures; it is similar to single-chemical approaches. Our approach encompasses two elements of the Risk Assessment Paradigm: Problem Formulation and Exposure Assessment. Multiple phases of the assessment occur in each element of the paradigm. During Problem Formulation, analysts identify and characterize the sources) of the chemical mixture, ensure that close-response and exposure assessment and develop a preliminary evaluation of the mixture's fate. During Exposure measures are concordant, Assessment, analysts evaluate the fate of the chemicals comprising the mixture using appropriate models and measurement data, characterize the exposure scenario, and estimate human exposure to the mixture. We also describe the utility of grouping the chemicals to be analyzed based on both physical-chemical properties and an understanding of environmental fate. In the article, we also highlight the need for understanding of changes in the mixture composition in the environment due to differential transport, differential degradation, and differential partitioning to other media. The Results section describes the application of the method to various chemical mixtures, highlighting issues associated with assessing exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rice, Glenn; Teuschler, Linda] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [MacDonell, Margaret; Picel, Kurt; Butler, Jim; Chang, Young-Soo; Hartmann, Heidi] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hertzberg, Richard C.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rice, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.glenn@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment; U.S. Department of Energy, Chicago and Richland Operations Offices FX The authors greatly appreciate the funding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, with collaborative support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Chicago and Richland Operations Offices. The authors also appreciate the helpful comments of Jeff Swartout (US, EPA) and two anonymous reviewers on a previous draft of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.004 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800022 PM 18589469 ER PT J AU Persad, AS Cooper, GS AF Persad, Amanda S. Cooper, Glinda S. TI Use of epidemiologic data in Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessments SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Risk assessment; Epidemiology; Reference dose; Reference concentration; Cancer; IRIS ID COLOR-VISION IMPAIRMENT; DISEASE ENDEMIC AREA; ARTESIAN WELL WATER; MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; COPPER SMELTER; BLACKFOOT DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DRINKING-WATER; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DIETARY ZINC AB In human health risk assessment, information from epidemiologic studies is typically utilized in the hazard identification step of the risk assessment paradigm. However, in the assessment of many chemicals by the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), epidemiologic data, both observational and experimental, have also been used in the derivation of toxicological risk estimates (i.e., reference closes [RID], reference concentrations [RfC]. oral cancer slope factors [C:SF] and inhalation unit risks [IUR]). Of the 545 health assessments posted on the IRIS database as of June 2007. 44 assessments derived non-cancer or cancer risk estimates based on human data. RID and RfC calculations were based on a spectrum of endpoints from changes in enzyme activity to specific neurological or dermal effects. There are 12 assessments with IURs based on human data, two assessments that extrapolated human inhalation data to derive CSFs and one that used human data to directly derive a CSF. Lung or respiratory cancer is the most common endpoint for cancer assessments based on human data. To date, only one chemical, benzene, has utilized human data for derivation of all three quantitative risk estimates (i.e., RfC, RID, and close-response modeling for cancer assessment). Through examples from the IRIS database. this paper will demonstrate how epidemiologic data have been used in IRIS assessments for both adding to the body of evidence in the hazard identification process and in the quantification of risk estimates in the dose-response component of the risk assessment paradigm. published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Persad, Amanda S.; Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev 8601 P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev 8601 P, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glinda@epa.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.013 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 380PO UT WOS:000261477800023 PM 18329062 ER PT J AU Brooks, MC Wood, AL Annable, MD Hatfield, K Cho, J Holbert, C Rao, RSC Enfield, CG Lynch, K Smith, RE AF Brooks, Michael C. Wood, A. Lynn Annable, Michael D. Hatfield, Kirk Cho, Jaehyun Holbert, Charles Rao, R. Suresh C. Enfield, Carl G. Lynch, Kira Smith, Richard E. TI Changes in contaminant mass discharge from DNAPL source mass depletion: Evaluation at two field sites SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; Source-zone remediation; Remediation performance metrics; Contaminant flux; Flux reduction; Passive flux meters; Integral pumping test ID AQUIFER REMEDIATION SYSTEMS; SOURCE STRENGTH FUNCTIONS; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; UNIFORM-FLOW FIELDS; SOURCE ZONES; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; SCALE EVALUATION; POROUS-MEDIA; FLUX AB Changes in contaminant fluxes resulting from aggressive remediation of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone were investigated at two sites, one at Hill Air Force Base (AFB). Utah, and the other at Ft. Lewis Military Reservation, Washington. Passive Flux Meters (PFM) and a variation of the Integral Pumping Test (IPT) were used to measure fluxes in ten wells installed along a transect down-gradient of the trichloroethylene (TCE) source zone, and perpendicular to the mean groundwater flow direction. At both sites, groundwater and contaminant fluxes were measured before and after the source-zone treatment. The measured contaminant fluxes (J; ML(-2)T(-1)) were integrated across the well transect to estimate contaminant mass discharge (M(D); MT(-1)) from the source zone. Estimated MD before source treatment, based on both PFM and IPT methods, were similar to 76 g/day for TCE at the Hill AFB site; and similar to 640 g/day for TCE, and similar to 206 g/day for cis-dichloroethylene (DCE) at the R. Lewis site. TCE flux measurements made 1 year after source treatment at the Hill AFB site decreased to similar to 5 g/day. On the other hand, increased fluxes of DCE, a degradation byproduct of TCE, in tests subsequent to remediation at the Hill AFB site suggest enhanced microbial degradation after surfactant flooding. At the Ft. Lewis site, TCE mass discharge rates subsequent to remediation decreased to similar to 3 g/day for TCE and similar to 3 g/day for DCE similar to 1.8 years after remediation. At both field sites, PFM and IPT approaches provided comparable results for contaminant mass discharge rates, and show significant reductions (> 90%) in TCE mass discharge as a result of DNAPL mass depletion from the source zone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brooks, Michael C.; Wood, A. Lynn] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Annable, Michael D.; Hatfield, Kirk; Cho, Jaehyun] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Program Hydrol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Holbert, Charles] CH2M Hill Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA. [Rao, R. Suresh C.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Enfield, Carl G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lynch, Kira] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Smith, Richard E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Brooks, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Brooks.Michael@epamail.epa.gov FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) FX The work upon which this paper is based was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development with funding provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), a collaborative effort involving the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). This paper has not been subjected to Agency review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors are grateful to Irene C. Poyer, Purdue University, for the analysis of groundwater samples collected during the IPTs; to Dr. Jimi Lee, now at the University of California-Riverside, for providing an estimate of the stainless steel well screen hydraulic conductivity; and to Jefferey Powers, US Army Corps of Engineers, for assistance with data collected by US Army Corps of Engineers. Review comments from Dr. Eva Davis, Kerr Research Center (EPA) and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.05.008 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 381IK UT WOS:000261529100012 PM 18632182 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Williams, JG Dang, H Darden, TA Betz, BL Humble, MM Chang, FM Trempus, CS Johnson, K Cannon, RE Tennant, RW AF Wei, Sung-Jen Williams, Jason G. Dang, Hong Darden, Thomas A. Betz, Bryan L. Humble, Margaret M. Chang, Fang-Mei Trempus, Carol S. Johnson, Katina Cannon, Ronald E. Tennant, Raymond W. TI Identification of a Specific Motif of the DSS1 Protein Required for Proteasome Interaction and p53 Protein Degradation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DSS1; Ubiquitin-proteasome system; RPN3/S3; siRNA; p53 ID SPLIT FOOT MALFORMATION; 26S PROTEASOME; REGULATORY PARTICLE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; UBIQUITIN SYSTEM; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; CANDIDATE GENE; CORE PARTICLE; FISSION YEAST; DNA-REPAIR AB Deleted in Split hand/Split foot 1 (DSS1) was previously identified as a novel 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-inducible gene with possible involvement in early event of mouse skin carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which human DSS1 (HsDSS1) exerts its biological effects via regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrated that HsDSS1 regulates the human proteasome by associating with it in the cytosol and nucleus via the RPN3/S3 subunit of the 19S regulatory particle (RP). Molecular anatomy of HsDSS1 revealed an RPN3/S3-interacting motif (R3IM), located at amino acid residues 15 to 21 of the NH2 terminus. Importantly, negative charges of the R3IM motif were demonstrated to be required for proteasome interaction and binding to poly-ubiquitinated substrates. Indeed, the R3IM motif of HsDSS1 protein alone was sufficient to replace the ability of intact HsDSS1 protein to pull down proteasome complexes and protein substrates with high-molecular mass ubiquitin conjugates. Interestingly, this interaction is highly conserved throughout evolution from humans to nematodes. Functional study, lowering the levels of the endogenous HsDSS1 using siRNA, indicates that the R3IM/proteasome complex binds and targets p53 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation via gankyrin-MDM2/HDM2 pathway. Most significantly, this work indicates that the R3IM motif of HsDSS1, in conjunction with the complexes of 19S RP and 20S core particle (CP), regulates proteasome interaction through RPN3/S3 molecule, and utilizes a specific subset of poly-ubiquitinated p53 as a substrate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wei, Sung-Jen; Betz, Bryan L.; Humble, Margaret M.; Chang, Fang-Mei; Trempus, Carol S.; Cannon, Ronald E.; Tennant, Raymond W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Canc Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Williams, Jason G.; Darden, Thomas A.; Johnson, Katina] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dang, Hong] Alpha Gamma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27609 USA. [Wei, Sung-Jen; Chang, Fang-Mei] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pharmacol, Div Med Res, Edinburg Reg Acad Hlth Ctr, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Wei, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Canc Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Bldg 101,Rm F-149,MD F1-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wei2@niehs.nih.gov NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 3 BP 693 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.044 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 366TL UT WOS:000260506200022 PM 18775730 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Kreis, RG AF Zhang, Xin Kreis, Russell G., Jr. TI Importance of temperature in modeling food web bioaccumulation in large aquatic systems SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Food web model; Large aquatic systems; Multi-compartment; Exposure temperature; Temperature sensitivity; PCB bioaccumulation; Bioenergetics; Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush); Lake Michigan ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; MICHIGAN LAKE TROUT; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; PCBS; CONSUMPTION; ENERGETICS; ECOSYSTEM; CHAIN; CONTAMINATION AB In present food web bioaccumulation model formulations, the exposure temperature of a food web is typically defined using a single spatial compartment. This essentially assumes that the predator and prey of a food web are exposed to the same environmental temperature. This study investigates the impact of this homogeneous approach of exposure temperature on the model outputs for a food web where the exposure temperature varies among species. Using a bioenergetics-based chemical bioaccumulation model as a case study, the temperature sensitivity of the model equation is first analyzed without consideration of the aggregated effect of food web interactions. The result shows that the model for highly hydrophobic chemicals is very sensitive to temperature. For less hydrophobic chemicals, the sensitivity is marginal. The model is then examined for its temperature sensitivity on a food web basis. The actual lake trout food web at Saugatuck, Michigan is selected for this examination, and the model responses to different exposure temperatures are compared. The result shows that the PCBs bioaccumulations in top predator (lake trout) obtained with the exposure temperatures for all species being represented by surface water temperature can be substantially higher than those obtained with the exposure temperatures being represented individually with species-specific values. A multi-compartment modeling approach is proposed that allows the exposure temperature of each species be defined independently. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xin] Z Tech Corp, USEPA Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Kreis, Russell G., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Kreis, Russell G., Jr.] Large Lakes Res Stn, Large Lakes & Rivers Res Branch, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Intertek Testing Serv Ltd, Chem Registrat Serv, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. EM johnson.x.zhang@intertek.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors wish to thank Michael Settles for the implementation of the multi-compartment approach into a program code, Lauri Davis for compiling and extracting the biological parameters required for this study, and Kay Morrison for the preparation of the graphics in this paper. Special thanks to the USEPA Great Lakes National Program Office for collection of most of the data. The authors appreciate the helpful comments of Ronald Rossmann, Lawrence Burkhard of the US EPA, and Frank Gobas of Simon Fraser University, Canada. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 218 IS 3-4 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.031 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 367OP UT WOS:000260561600010 ER PT J AU Yang, WL Chen, P Villegas, EN Landy, RB Kanetsky, C Cama, V Dearen, T Schultz, CL Orndorff, KG Prelewicz, GJ Brown, MH Young, KR Xiao, LH AF Yang, Wenli Chen, Plato Villegas, Eric N. Landy, Ronald B. Kanetsky, Charles Cama, Vitaliano Dearen, Theresa Schultz, Cherie L. Orndorff, Kenneth G. Prelewicz, Gregory J. Brown, Miranda H. Young, Kim Roy Xiao, Lihua TI Cryptosporidium Source Tracking in the Potomac River Watershed SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DRINKING-WATER; PARVUM OOCYSTS; GIARDIA-CYSTS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER; SURFACE-WATER; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB To better characterize Cryptosporidium in the Potomac River watershed, a PCR-based genotyping tool was used to analyze 64 base flow and 28 storm flow samples from five sites in the watershed. These sites included two water treatment plant intakes, as well as three upstream sites, each associated with a different type of land use. The uses, including urban wastewater, agricultural (cattle) wastewater, and wildlife, posed different risks in terms of the potential contribution of Cryptosporidium oocysts to the source water. Cryptosporidium was detected in 27 base flow water samples and 23 storm flow water samples. The most frequently detected species was C. andersoni (detected in 41 samples), while 14 other species or genotypes, almost all wildlife associated, were occasionally detected. The two common human-pathogenic species, C. hominis and C. parvum, were not detected. Although C. andersoni was common at all four sites influenced by agriculture, it was largely absent at the urban wastewater site. There were very few positive samples as determined by Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 at any site; only 8 of 90 samples analyzed (9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium as determined by microscopy. The genotyping results suggest that many of the Cryptosporidium oocysts in the water treatment plant source waters were from old calves and adult cattle and might not pose a significant risk to human health. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Chen, Plato] Washington Suburban Sanit Commiss, Laurel, MD 20705 USA. [Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Landy, Ronald B.; Kanetsky, Charles; Young, Kim Roy] EPA Reg III, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Schultz, Cherie L.] Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Orndorff, Kenneth G.] Frederick Cty Div Util & Solid Waste Management, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. [Prelewicz, Gregory J.] Fairfax Water, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Brown, Miranda H.] Washington Aqueduct, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU PHS HHS [DW75922331-01-0] NR 63 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 21 BP 6495 EP 6504 DI 10.1128/AEM.01345-08 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 365TB UT WOS:000260429600002 PM 18776033 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Molina, M Domingo, JWS Willis, JD Cyterski, M Endale, DM Shanks, OC AF Lee, Yong-Jin Molina, Marirosa Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Willis, Jonathan D. Cyterski, Michael Endale, Dinku M. Shanks, Orin C. TI Temporal Assessment of the Impact of Exposure to Cow Feces in Two Watersheds by Multiple Host-Specific PCR Assays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-MARKERS; INDICATOR BACTERIA; BACTEROIDES; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL AB Exposure to feces in two watersheds with different management histories was assessed by tracking cattle feces bacterial populations using multiple host-specific PCR assays. In addition, environmental factors affecting the occurrence of these markers were identified. Each assay was performed using DNA extracts from water and sediment samples collected from a watershed directly impacted by cattle fecal pollution (WS1) and from a watershed impacted only through runoff (WS2). In WS1, the ruminant-specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene marker CF128F was detected in 65% of the water samples, while the non-16S rRNA gene markers Bac1, Bac2, and Bac5 were found in 32 to 37% of the water samples. In contrast, all source-specific markers were detected in less than 6% of the water samples from WS2. Binary logistic regressions (BLRs) revealed that the occurrence of Bac32F and CF128F was significantly correlated with season as a temporal factor and watershed as a site factor. BLRs also indicated that the dynamics of fecal-source-tracking markers correlated with the density of a traditional fecal indicator (P < 0.001). Overall, our results suggest that a combination of 16S rRNA gene and non-16S rRNA gene markers provides a higher level of confidence for tracking unknown sources of fecal pollution in environmental samples. This study also provided practical insights for implementation of microbial source-tracking practices to determine sources of fecal pollution and the influence of environmental variables on the occurrence of source-specific markers. C1 [Molina, Marirosa; Willis, Jonathan D.; Cyterski, Michael] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div,Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lee, Yong-Jin] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Res Associateship Programs, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Endale, Dinku M.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Molina, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div,Ecosyst Assessment Branch, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM molina.marirosa@epa.gov FU National Center for Computational Toxicology of the U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development; National Research Council research fellowship award FX This research was supported in part by a New Start Award to J. W. S. D. from the National Center for Computational Toxicology of the U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development. Y.-J. L. was a recipient of a National Research Council research fellowship award. We acknowledge the owner of farm A and Stephen Norris of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service in Watkinsville, GA, for their help and cooperation during sample collection. We also thank Charles Budinoff and Todd Nichols for their help with sample processing and Lourdes Prieto for performing the global positioning system analysis. We are grateful to GlobeXplorer.com for providing satellite images. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 22 BP 6839 EP 6847 DI 10.1128/AEM.00601-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 370UY UT WOS:000260789800003 PM 18806002 ER PT J AU Arega, F Hayter, E AF Arega, Feleke Hayter, Earl TI Coupled consolidation and contaminant transport model for simulating migration of contaminants through the sediment and a cap SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE capping; consolidation; contaminant transport; contaminated sediment ID LARGE-STRAIN CONSOLIDATION; NON-LINEAR CONSOLIDATION; DEFORMING POROUS-MEDIUM; DIFFUSION ADSORPTION; HOMOGENEOUS LAYERS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SATURATED CLAYS; CAPPING LAYER; IN-SITU; EFFICIENCY AB Capping contaminated sediments in waterways is an alternate remediation technique to dredging and is typically much cheaper than dredging. When cap material is placed on top of contaminated sediment, it has both a short-term and long-term hydraulic impact on the underlying sediment. A numerical model of consolidation, based on a nonlinear finite strain theory for a consolidating fine-grained sediment bed was developed. The nonlinear equation of consolidation was solved in a material (or reduced) coordinate using an explicit finite difference numerical scheme. An one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation with sorption and decay was solved on a convective coordinate using a finite volume total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme for the contaminant concentration within the consolidating sediment. The contaminant transport model was coupled with the consolidation model. The time and space varying porosities, permeabilities, and advective velocities computed by the consolidation model were linked to the transport model at the same time level. A number of benchmark tests that are relevant to the consolidation of a fine-grained sediment were designed and tested. The relative contribution of consolidation-induced transient advective velocities on the migration of a contaminant during consolidation was also investigated. The coupled model performance was validated by simulating the transport of hazardous chemicals under consolidation in a confined aquatic disposal (CAD) site in the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Arega, Feleke] S Carolina Dept Nat Resource, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Hayter, Earl] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Arega, F (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resource, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM aregaf@dnr.sc.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0307-904X EI 1872-8480 J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2413 EP 2428 DI 10.1016/j.apm.2007.09.024 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 337LQ UT WOS:000258438000015 ER PT J AU Munson, CA Gottfried, JL Snyder, EG De Lucia, FC Gullett, B Miziolek, AW AF Munson, Chase A. Gottfried, Jennifer L. Snyder, Emily Gibb De Lucia, Frank C., Jr. Gullett, Brian Miziolek, Andrzej W. TI Detection of indoor biological hazards using the man-portable laser induced breakdown spectrometer SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium, on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP Mississippi State Univ ID SPECTROSCOPY; DISCRIMINATION; CLASSIFICATION; STRATEGIES; SURFACES; SENSOR; SPORES; LIBS AB The performance of a man-portable laser induced breakdown spectrometer was evaluated for the detection of biological powders on indoor office surfaces and wipe materials. Identification of pure unknown powders was performed by comparing against a library of spectra containing biological agent surrogates and confusant materials, such as dusts, diesel soot, natural and artificial sweeteners, and drink powders, using linear correlation analysis. Simple models constructed using a second technique, partial least squares discriminant analysis, successfully identified Bacillus subtilis (BG) spores on wipe materials and office surfaces. Furthermore, these models were able to identify BG on materials not used in the training of the model. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Munson, Chase A.; Gottfried, Jennifer L.; De Lucia, Frank C., Jr.; Miziolek, Andrzej W.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Snyder, Emily Gibb] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gullett, Brian] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Munson, CA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM cmunson@arl.army.mil RI Gottfried, Jennifer/G-6333-2010; De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012; Munson, Chase/H-1667-2012 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 31 BP G48 EP G57 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000G48 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 374AD UT WOS:000261013700008 PM 19122702 ER PT J AU Snyder, EG Munson, CA Gottfried, JL De Lucia, FC Gullett, B Miziolek, A AF Snyder, Emily Gibb Munson, Chase A. Gottfried, Jennifer L. De Lucia, Frank C., Jr. Gullett, Brian Miziolek, Andrzej TI Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the classification of unknown powders SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium, on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP Mississippi State Univ ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPORES; STATISTICS; LIBS AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to discern between two biological agent surrogates (Bacillus atrophaeus and ovalbumin) and potential interferent compounds (mold spores, humic acid, house dust, and Arizona road dust), Multiple linear regression and neural network analysis models were constructed by using B. atrophaeus and ovalbumin spectra, and limits of detection were calculated. Classification of the agent surrogates' LIBS spectra was attempted by using a neural network model. False negative rates of 0%, were observed for B. atrophaeus (100 colony forming units) spore spectra with the neural network model used for classification. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Snyder, Emily Gibb] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Munson, Chase A.; Gottfried, Jennifer L.; De Lucia, Frank C., Jr.; Miziolek, Andrzej] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Gullett, Brian] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Snyder, EG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM snyder.emily@epa.gov RI Gottfried, Jennifer/G-6333-2010; De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012; Munson, Chase/H-1667-2012 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 31 BP G80 EP G87 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000G80 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 374AD UT WOS:000261013700012 PM 19122707 ER PT J AU Gullett, B Touati, A Oudejans, L AF Gullett, B. Touati, A. Oudejans, L. TI PCDD/F and aromatic emissions from simulated forest and grassland fires SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PCDD; PCDF; Fire; Biomass; Emissions; Pollution; Forest; Grass ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DE-NOVO SYNTHESIS; COMBUSTION AB Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) from simulated grassland and forest fires were quantitatively sampled to derive emission factors in support of PCDD/F inventory development. Grasses from Kentucky and Minnesota; forest shrubs from California and Florida; and pine forest biomass from the Piedmont region of North Carolina, western North Carolina, and coastal Oregon were collected and tested in a burn facility that mimicked a prescribed fire in the natural environment scenario. Ambient sampling methods for PCDD/F were variously accompanied by real-time measurements of major aromatic species, including benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and styrene. Emission factors in mass of toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/F per kg of carbon burned (kg(Cb)) for the two grasses averaged 0.32 ng TEQ/kg(Cb). Burn tests (n = 27) on forest biomass from the five sources show PCDD/F emission factors ranging from 0.3 to 26.3 ng TEQ/kg(Cb), with a mean and median of 5.8 and 3.3 ng TEQ/kg(Cb), respectively. Variation of the forest green/brown needle content, sample size, burn scenario, and facility ventilation rate showed no consistent effects on PCDD/F emissions. For forest burns, 30-35% of the PCDD and 50-55% of the PCDF emissions occurred during the flaming period from 0 to 5 min, while the highest emission factors (per mass of carbon burned) were recorded during the smoldering period from 5 to 60 min. Emissions of PCDD/F exceeded those present in the raw biomass by a factor of four, confirming PCDD/F formation from combustion rather than from simple surface volatilization. The majority of the PCDD/F partitions to the emissions rather than the ash. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gullett, B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, A.; Oudejans, L.] ARCADIS US, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Gullett, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 42 IS 34 BP 7997 EP 8006 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.046 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372ZO UT WOS:000260941000018 ER PT J AU Dowd, TL Li, L Gundberg, CM AF Dowd, T. L. Li, L. Gundberg, C. M. TI The H-1 NMR structure of bovine Pb2+-osteocalcin and implications for lead toxicity SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Osteocalcin; NMR; Pb2+; Lead toxicity ID GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; OSTEOCALCIN-DEFICIENT MICE; OSTEOBLASTIC BONE-CELLS; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; BINDING-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; ELDERLY-MEN; NMR-SPECTRA; PROTEIN AB Structural information on the effect of Pb2+ on proteins under physiologically relevant conditions is largely unknown. We have previously shown that low levels of lead increased the amount of osteocalcin bound to hydroxyapatite (BBA 1535:153). This suggested that lead induced a more compact structure in the protein. We have determined the 3D structure of Pb2+-osteocalcin (49 amino acids), a bone protein from a target tissue, using H-1 2D NMR techniques. Lead, at a stoichiometry of only 1:1, induced a similar fold in the protein as that induced by Ca2+ at a stoichiometry of 3:1. The structure consisted of an unstructured N-terminus and an ordered C-terminal consisting of a hydrophobic core (residues 16-49). The genetic algorithm-molecular dynamics simulation predicted the lead ion was coordinated by the Gla 24 and Gla 21 residues. It is proposed that mineral binding occurs via uncoordinated Gla oxygen ions binding to calcium in hydroxyapatite. A comparison of Pb2+- and Ca2+-osteocalcin suggests Pb2+, at a lower stoichiometry, may induce similar conformational changes in proteins and subsequent molecular processes normally controlled by calcium alone. This may contribute to a molecular mechanism of lead toxicity for calcium binding proteins. Lead exposure may alter the amount of mineral bound osteocalcin and contribute to abnormal bone remodeling. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dowd, T. L.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Li, L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gundberg, C. M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped, New Haven, CT USA. RP Dowd, TL (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Chem, Room 359 NE,2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. EM TDowd@brooklyn.cuny.edu FU NIH [ES-9032, AR-38460] FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Mark Girvin, Sean Cahill and John Rosen for their technical advice and helpful discussions. Support for this project was provided by NIH grant ES-9032 to T.D., and NIH grant AR-38460 to C.G. The authors would also like to thank the Analytical Ultracentrifugation Facility of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine for conducting the sedimentation equilibrium experiments. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1784 IS 11 BP 1534 EP 1545 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.08.010 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 374CC UT WOS:000261019000007 PM 18793762 ER PT J AU Vane, LM AF Vane, Leland M. TI Separation technologies for the recovery and dehydration of alcohols from fermentation broths SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Review DE separation processes; biofuels; energy efficiency; dehydration; ethanol ID ACETONE-BUTANOL-ETHANOL; HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANE; HIGHLY CONCENTRATED BIOETHANOL; CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; ISOPROPANOL BATCH FERMENTATION; SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCT RECOVERY; MICROPOROUS SILICA MEMBRANES; LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; COMPOSITE PDMS MEMBRANE AB Multi-column distillation followed by molecular sieve adsorption is currently the standard method for producing fuel-grade ethanol from dilute fermentation broths in modern corn-to-ethanol facilities. As the liquid biofuels industry transitions to lignocellulosic feedstocks, expands the end-product portfolio to include other alcohols, and encounters more dilute alcohol concentrations, alternative separation technologies which are more energy efficient than the conventional approach will be in demand. In this review, alcohol recovery technology options and alcohol dehydration technology options for the production of ethanol and 1-butanol are reviewed and compared, with an emphasis on the energy footprint of each approach. Select hybrid technologies are also described. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@epa.gov NR 302 TC 230 Z9 242 U1 15 U2 160 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-104X EI 1932-1031 J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 553 EP 588 DI 10.1002/bbb.108 PG 36 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 387KI UT WOS:000261950700017 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Thomas, David J. Styblo, Miroslav TI In Memoriam: Kazuo T. Suzuki, Ph.D. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2067 EP 2068 DI 10.1021/tx800314q PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 373IG UT WOS:000260964700002 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Chemical warfare agent simulants SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s10098-008-0183-2 PG 3 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IZ UT WOS:000260826300003 ER PT J AU Zellner, ML Theis, TL Karunanithi, AT Garmestani, AS Cabezas, H AF Zellner, Moira L. Theis, Thomas L. Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Cabezas, Heriberto TI A new framework for urban sustainability assessments: Linking complexity, information and policy SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Agent-based modelling; Fisher Information Index; Urban sustainability; Environmental assessment ID LAND-USE; DECISION-MAKING; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; PATTERNS; MICHIGAN; SPRAWL; FORM AB Urban systems emerge as distinct entities from the complex interactions among social, economic and cultural attributes, and information, energy and material stocks and flows that operate on different temporal and spatial scales. Such complexity poses a challenge to identify the causes of urban environmental problems and how to address them without causing greater deterioration. Planning has traditionally focused on regulating the location and intensity of urban activities to avoid environmental degradation, often based on assumptions that are rarely revisited and producing ambiguous effects. The key intellectual challenge for urban policy-makers is a fuller understanding of the complexity of urban systems and their environment. We address this challenge by developing an assessment framework with two main components: (1) a simple agent-based model of a hypothetical urbanizing area that integrates data on spatial economic and policy decisions, energy and fuel use, air pollution emissions and assimilation, to test how residential and policy decisions affect urban form, consumption and pollution; (2) an information index to define the degree of order and sustainability of the hypothetical urban system in the different scenarios, to determine whether specific policy and individual decisions contribute to the sustainability of the entire urban system or to its collapse. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zellner, Moira L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Urban Planning & Policy, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Theis, Thomas L.] Univ Illinois, Inst Environm Sci & Policy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Zellner, ML (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Urban Planning & Policy, MC 348,412 S Peoria St,2nd Floor, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM mzellner@uic.edu; theist@uic.edu; Karunanithi.Arunprakash@epamail.epa.gov; Garmestani.Ahjond@epamail.epa.gov; Cabezas.Heriberto@epamail.epa.gov NR 55 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 EI 1873-7587 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 474 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.08.003 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 386FS UT WOS:000261868300007 ER PT J AU Hartnett, H Boehme, S Thomas, C DeMaster, D Smith, C AF Hartnett, Hilairy Boehme, Susan Thomas, Carrie DeMaster, David Smith, Craig TI Benthic oxygen fluxes and denitrification rates from high-resolution porewater profiles from the Western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Benthic flux; Denitrification; Oxygen consumption; Carbon oxidation; Biogeochemistry; Respiration ID INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON OXIDATION; ARCTIC SEDIMENTS; DEFICIENT ZONE; NORTH-SEA; NITROGEN; WATER; DIAGENESIS; PRESERVATION AB Benthic fluxes of dissolved oxygen and nitrate were calculated from high-resolution porewater profiles collected on the continental margin of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Profiles were collected in four seasons between March 2000 and February 2001 as part of the FOODBANCS program. Oxygen consumption rates ranged from 0.92 to 3.11 mmol O(2) m(-2) d(-1) over the course of the year with an average annual oxygen consumption rate of 1.74 mmol O(2) m(-2) d(-1). The oxygen fluxes follow a trend similar to the particulate carbon export flux with smaller fluxes during the winter and larger fluxes during the spring bloom period. However, the range in oxygen fluxes is substantially smaller than the range in the particulate carbon export. Denitrification rates ranged from 0.66 to 1.46 mmol N m(-2) d(-1), and the average annual denitrification rate was 1.29 mmol N m(-2) d(-1). The 02 consumption and denitrification rates are of similar magnitude to rates measured on other deep (similar to 500 m) continental margins. Denitrification rates are strongly coupled to nitrification rates, with coupled nitrification-denitrification accounting for more than 80% of the total denitrification rate in these sediments. The Antarctic continental-margin sediment denitrification rates correspond to similar to 3-5 Tg N yr(-1), and thus these continental-margin sediments account for roughly 1-2% of the global sediment denitrification signal. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hartnett, Hilairy] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hartnett, Hilairy] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Boehme, Susan] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Thomas, Carrie; DeMaster, David] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smith, Craig] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hartnett, H (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM h.hartnett@asu.edu FU US NSF Office of Polar Programs [OPP-9816049, OPP-9815823]; School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa [7523] FX We thank Amy Uhlenhopp and Karen Stocks for their assistance at sea with the whole-core squeezing measurements on FOODBANCS III and IV. This work also would not have been possible without the able seamanship of the captains, crews, and scientific staff of the R.V. Laurence M. Gould, the R.V. Nathaniel B. Palmer, and the scientific staff at Palmer Station, Antarctica. H.H. thanks Dave DeMaster and Craig Smith for the opportunity to participate on these cruises, This work was supported by grants from the US NSF Office of Polar Programs to C. Smith and D. DeMaster (OPP-9816049 and OPP-9815823, respectively). This is contribution no. 7523 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 55 IS 22-23 BP 2415 EP 2424 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.002 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 386VU UT WOS:000261911500003 ER PT J AU Yeung, EYH Sueyoshi, T Negishi, M Chang, TKH AF Yeung, Eugene Y. H. Sueyoshi, Tatsuya Negishi, Masahiko Chang, Thomas K. H. TI Identification of Ginkgo biloba as a Novel Activator of Pregnane X Receptor SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUTIVE-ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; CYP3A GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; LIPID-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA; MOUSE-LIVER; EXTRACT; CAR AB Pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1/2) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a role not only in drug metabolism and transport but also in various other biological processes. Ginkgo biloba is a herbal medicine commonly used to manage memory impairment. Treatment of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with G. biloba extract increases the mRNA expression of CYP3A23, which is a target gene for rat PXR. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that G. biloba extract activates PXR. Treatment of mouse PXR (mPXR) or human PXR (hPXR)-transfected HepG2 cells with G. biloba extract at 200 mu g/ml increased mPXR and hPXR activation by 3.2- and 9.5-fold, respectively. Dose-response analysis showed a log-linear increase in hPXR activation by the extract over the range of 200 to 800 mu g/ml. To determine whether G. biloba extract induces hPXR target gene expression, cultured LS180 human colon adenocarcinoma cells were treated for 72 h with the extract. G. biloba extract at 200, 400, and 800 mu g/ml increased CYP3A4 mRNA expression by 1.7-, 2.4-, and 2.5-fold, respectively. The same concentrations of the extract increased CYP3A5 (1.3-3.6-fold) and P-glycoprotein (ABCB) 1 (2.7-6.4-fold) mRNA expression. At concentrations (5 and 10 mu M) that did not down-regulate PXR gene expression and were not cytotoxic, L-sulforaphane (an hPXR antagonist) decreased CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 gene expression in cells treated with G. biloba extract. In summary, G. biloba extract activated mPXR and hPXR in a cell-based reporter gene assay and induced CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 gene expression in hPXR-expressing LS180 cells. C1 [Yeung, Eugene Y. H.; Chang, Thomas K. H.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Sueyoshi, Tatsuya; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Chang, TKH (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, 2146 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM tchang@interchange.ubc.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-84581]; Dawson Endowment Fund in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Izaak Walton Killam Faculty Research Fellowship; Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research FX This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant MOP-84581 to T. K. H. C.), by the Dawson Endowment Fund in Pharmaceutical Sciences (a major equipment grant to T. K. H. C.), and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to T. S., M.N.). E.Y.H.Y. received a Kam Li Ma Scholarship in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of British Columbia and a partial graduate student traineeship in drug metabolism from Merck Research Laboratories (United States). T. K. H. C. received an Izaak Walton Killam Faculty Research Fellowship and a Senior Scholar Award from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2270 EP 2276 DI 10.1124/dmd.108.023499 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 361MP UT WOS:000260132100015 PM 18725505 ER PT J AU Ruhoy, IS Daughton, CG AF Ruhoy, Ilene Sue Daughton, Christian G. TI Beyond the medicine cabinet: An analysis of where and why medications accumulate SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Medications; APIs; Accumulation; Disposal; Environmental pollution; Pollution prevention ID PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH; TO-CRADLE STEWARDSHIP; ENVIRONMENTAL DISPOSITION; DRUG DISPOSAL; PRESCRIPTION; PHARMACY; SAMPLES; CHOICE; IMPACT; PILLS AB Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from medications can enter the environment as trace contaminants, at individual concentrations generally below a part per billion (mu g/L). APIs enter the environment primarily via the discharge of raw and treated sewage. Residues of unmetabolized APIs from parenteral and enteral drugs are excreted in feces and urine, and topically applied medications are washed from skin during bathing. These trace residues may pose risks for aquatic life and cause concern with regard to subsequent human exposure. APIs also enter the environment from the disposal of unwanted medications directly to sewers and trash. The relative significance of this route compared with excretion and bathing is poorly understood and has been subject to much speculation. Two major aspects of uncertainty exist: the percentage of any particular API in the environment originating from disposal is unknown, and disposal undoubtedly occurs from a variety of dispersed sources. Sources of disposal, along with the types and quantities of APIs resulting from each source, are important to understand so that effective pollution prevention approaches can be designed and implemented. Accumulation of leftover, unwanted drugs poses three major concerns: (i) APIs disposed to sewage or trash compose a diverse source of potential chemical stressors in the environment. (ii) Accumulated drugs represent increased potential for drug diversion, with its attendant risks of unintentional poisonings and abuse. (iii) Leftover drugs represent wasted healthcare resources and lost opportunities for medical treatment. This paper has four major purposes: (1) Define the processes, actions, and behaviors that control and drive the consumption, accumulation, and need for disposal of pharmaceuticals. (2) Provide an overview of the diverse locations where drugs are used and accumulate. (3) Present a summary of the first cataloging of APIs disposed by a defined subpopulation. (4) Identify opportunities for pollution prevention and source reduction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Daughton, Christian G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Ruhoy, Ilene Sue] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Chem Branch, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We acknowledge P. Michael Murphy and the Clark County Coroner Office staff for granting access to all CCCO case files and for the information they provided. ISR thanks David Hassenzahl, University of Nevada, Las Vegas for continued guidance, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for granting an appointment as a U.S. EPA Student Volunteer.; U.S. EPA Notice: The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document. NR 57 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1157 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2008.05.002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 364XI UT WOS:000260368500011 PM 18571238 ER PT J AU Huff, J Jacobson, MF Davis, DL AF Huff, James Jacobson, Michael F. Davis, Devra Lee TI The Limits of Two-Year Bioassay Exposure Regimens for Identifying Chemical Carcinogens SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE animal cancer tests; aspartame; bioassay designs; bisphenol A; cadmium; carcinogenicity; chemical carcinogens; genistein; toluene; toxicology ID NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BISPHENOL-A; RAMAZZINI-FOUNDATION; BREAST-CANCER; ASPARTAME; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; ADENOCARCINOMA; CADMIUM; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Chemical carcinogenesis bioassays in animals have long been recognized and accepted as valid predictors of potential cancer hazards to humans. Most rodent bioassays begin several weeks after birth and expose animals to chemicals or other substances, including workplace and environmental pollutants, for 2 years. New findings indicate the need to extend the timing and duration of exposures used in the rodent bioassay. OBJECTIVES: In this Commentary,, we propose that the sensitivity of chemical carcinogenesis bioassays would be enhanced by exposing rodents beginning in utero and continuing for 30 months (130 weeks) or until their natural deaths at tip to about 3 years. DISCUSSION: Studies of three chemicals of different structures and uses-aspartame, cadmium, and toluene-suggest that exposing experimental animals in utero and continuing exposure for 30 months or until their natural deaths increase the sensitivity of bioassays, avoid false-negative results, and strengthen the value and validity of results for regulatory agencies. CONCLUSIONS: Government agencies, drug companies, and the chemical industry should conduct and compare the results of 2-year bioassays of known carcinogens or chemicals for which there is equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity, with longer-term studies, with and without in utero exposure. If studies longer than 2 years and/or with in utero exposure are found to better identify potential human carcinogens, then regulatory agencies should promptly revise their testing guidelines, which were established in the 1960s and early 1970s. Changing the timing and dosing of the animal bioassay would enhance protection of workers and consumers who are exposed to potentially dangerous workplace or home contaminants, pollutants, drugs, food additives, and other chemicals throughout their lives. C1 [Jacobson, Michael F.] Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Huff, James] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Davis, Devra Lee] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Canc Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth,Ctr Environm Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Jacobson, MF (reprint author), Ctr Sci Publ Interest, 1875 Connecticut Ave,Suite 300, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM mjacobson@cspinet.org NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 116 IS 11 BP 1439 EP 1442 DI 10.1289/ehp.10716 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 366ZG UT WOS:000260521500014 PM 19057693 ER PT J AU Humblet, O Birnbaum, L Rimm, E Mittleman, MA Hauser, R AF Humblet, Olivier Birnbaum, Linda Rimm, Eric Mittleman, Murray A. Hauser, Russ TI Dioxins and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease; dioxin; epidemiology; healthy worker effect; herbicides; ischemic heart disease; mortality; occupational exposure; PCB; TCDD ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; CANCER INCIDENCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; WORKERS; EXPOSURE; PCDD/F AB OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review we evaluated the evidence on the association between dioxin exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in humans. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: We conducted a PubMed search in December 2007 and considered all English-language epidemiologic studies and their citations regarding dioxin exposure and CVD mortality. To focus on dioxins, we excluded cohorts that were either primarily, exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls or from the leather and perfume industries, which include other cardiotoxic coexposures. DATA SYNTHESIS: We included results from 12 cohorts in the review. Ten cohorts were occupationally exposed. We divided analyses according to two well-recognized criteria of epidemiologic study quality: the accuracy of the exposure assessment, and whether the exposed population was compared with an internal or an external (e.g., general population) reference group. Analyses using internal comparisons with accurate exposure assessments are the highest quality because they minimize both exposure misclassification and confounding due to workers being healthier than the general population ("healthy worker effect"). The studies in the highest-quality group found consistent and significant dose-related increases in ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality and more modest associations with all-CVD mortality. Their primary limitation was a lack of adjustment for potential confounding by the major risk factors for CVD. CONCLUSION's: The results of this systematic review suggest that dioxin exposure is associated with mortality from both IHD and all CVD, although more strongly, with the former. However, it is not possible to determine the potential bias, if any, front confounding by, other risk factors for CVD. C1 [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm & Occupat Med & Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rimm, Eric; Mittleman, Murray A.; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rimm, Eric] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mittleman, Murray A.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Epidemiol Res Unit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm & Occupat Med & Epidemiol Program, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1405, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [T42 OH008416-04] FX O.H. is supported by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health training grant T42 OH008416-04 NR 53 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 116 IS 11 BP 1443 EP 1448 DI 10.1289/ehp.11579 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 366ZG UT WOS:000260521500015 PM 19057694 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Zeise, L Axelrad, DA Guyton, KZ Janssen, S Miller, M Miller, GG Schwartz, JM Alexeeff, G Anderson, H Birnbaum, L Bois, F Cogliano, VJ Crofton, K Euling, SY Foster, PMD Germolec, DR Gray, E Hattis, DB Kyle, AD Luebke, RW Luster, MI Portier, C Rice, DC Solomon, G Vandenberg, J Zoeller, RT AF Woodruff, Tracey J. Zeise, Lauren Axelrad, Daniel A. Guyton, Kathryn Z. Janssen, Sarah Miller, Mark Miller, Gregory G. Schwartz, Jackie M. Alexeeff, George Anderson, Henry Birnbaum, Linda Bois, Frederic Cogliano, Vincent James Crofton, Kevin Euling, Susan Y. Foster, Paul M. D. Germolec, Dori R. Gray, Earl Hattis, Dale B. Kyle, Amy D. Luebke, Robert W. Luster, Michael I. Portier, Chris Rice, Deborah C. Solomon, Gina Vandenberg, John Zoeller, R. Thomas TI Meeting Report: Moving Upstream-Evaluating Adverse Upstream End Points for Improved Risk Assessment and Decision-Making SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adverse health effects; androgen antagonists; hazard identification; immunotoxicants; risk assessment; science policy; thyroid hormone; toxicologic assessments ID N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; REFERENCE RANGE; IMMUNE STATUS; EXPOSURE; POPULATION AB BACKGROUND: Assessing adverse effects from environmental chemical exposure is integral to public health policies. Toxicology assays identifying early biological changes from chemical exposure are increasing our ability to evaluate links, between early biological disturbances and subsequent overt downstream effects. A workshop was held to consider how the resulting data inform consideration of an "adverse effect" in the context of hazard identification and risk assessment. OBJECTIVES: Our objective here is to review what is known about the relationships between chemical exposure, early biological effects (Upstream events), and later overt effects (downstream events) through three case studies (thyroid hormone disruption, antiandrogen effects, immune system disruption) and to consider how to evaluate hazard and risk when early biological effect data are available. DISCUSSION: Each case study presents data on the toxicity pathways linking early biological perturbations with downstream overt effects. Case studies also emphasize several factors that can influence risk of overt disease as a result from early biological perturbations, including background chemical exposures, underlying individual biological processes, and disease susceptibility. Certain effects resulting from exposure during periods of sensitivity may, be irreversible. A chemical can act through multiple modes of action, resulting in similar or different overt effects. CONCLUSIONS: For certain classes of early perturbations, Sufficient information oil the disease process is known, so hazard and quantitative risk assessment can proceed using information on upstream biological perturbations. Upstream data will Support improved approaches for considering developmental stage, background exposures, disease status, and other factors important to assessing hazard and risk for the whole population. C1 [Woodruff, Tracey J.; Schwartz, Jackie M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Zeise, Lauren; Miller, Mark] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA USA. [Axelrad, Daniel A.; Miller, Gregory G.] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Euling, Susan Y.; Vandenberg, John] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Janssen, Sarah; Solomon, Gina] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Janssen, Sarah] Natl Resource Defense Council, San Francisco, CA USA. [Miller, Mark] Univ San Francisco, Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Anderson, Henry] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Birnbaum, Linda; Crofton, Kevin; Gray, Earl; Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bois, Frederic] Natl Inst Environm Ind & Risques, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Cogliano, Vincent James] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Foster, Paul M. D.; Germolec, Dori R.; Portier, Chris] NIEHS, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hattis, Dale B.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Kyle, Amy D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Luster, Michael I.] NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rice, Deborah C.] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm & Occupat Hlth Program, Augusta, ME USA. [Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Suite 1100,1330 Broadway St, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM woodrufft@obgyn.ucsf.edu RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460; Miller, Mark/0000-0002-9301-0093; gray jr, leon earl/0000-0002-1111-4754 FU California Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Environmental and Health Hazar Assessment [OEHHA-06-S3]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation; National Center for Environmental Economics; National Center for Environmental Assessment [EP07H001060]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); National Institutes of Health (NIH); University of California, Berkeley; NIEHS Superfund Program at Berkeley; NIH [P42 ES04705]; University of California, San Francisco FX This work was supported by California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental and Health Hazar Assessment, contract OEHHA-06-S34; the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation, National Center for Environmental Economics and National Center for Environmental Assessment, contract EP07H001060; the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH); University of California, Berkeley, NIEHS Superfund Program at Berkeley, NIH grant P42 ES04705; and University of California, San Francisco. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 116 IS 11 BP 1568 EP 1575 DI 10.1289/ehp.11516 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 366ZG UT WOS:000260521500034 PM 19057713 ER PT J AU Sunderland, EM Cohen, MD Selin, NE Chmura, GL AF Sunderland, Elsie M. Cohen, Mark D. Selin, Noelle E. Chmura, Gail L. TI Reconciling models and measurements to assess trends in atmospheric mercury deposition SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Historical pollution; Mercury; Models; Pre-industrial; Sediment ID NORTH-AMERICA; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; NARRAGANSETT-BAY; SEDIMENT CORES; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; INVENTORY; EMISSIONS; FLUXES; LAKES AB Changes in atmospheric mercury deposition are used to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations controlling emissions. This analysis can be complicated by seemingly incongruent data from different model runs. model types, and field measurements. Here we present a case study example that describes how to identify trends in regional scale mercury deposition using hest-available information from Multiple data sources. To do this, we use data from three atmospheric chemistry models (CMAQ. GEOS-Chem. HYSPLIT) and Multiple sediment archives (ombrotrophic bog, headwater lake, coastal salt marsh) from the Bay of Fundy region in Canada. Combined sediment and modeling data indicate that deposition attributable to US and Canadian emissions has declined in recent years. thereby increasing the relative significance of global sources. We estimate that anthropogenic emissions in the US and Canada account for 28-33% of contemporary atmospheric deposition in this region. with the rest from natural (14-32%) and global sources (41-53%). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sunderland, Elsie M.] US EPA, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cohen, Mark D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, SSMC3, RIARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Selin, Noelle E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chmura, Gail L.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Chmura, Gail L.] McGill Univ, Global Environm & Climate Change Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Sunderland, EM (reprint author), US EPA, 1 Congress St,Mail Code CWQ, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM sunderland.elsie@epa.gov RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Gulf of Maine Council On the Marine Environment; Royal Canadian Geographic Society FX Statements in this publication reflect the authors' personal views and opinions and should not be construed to represent any determination or policy of the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This work Was Supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). the Gulf of Maine Council On the Marine Environment, the Royal Canadian Geographic Society, the NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship Program (E. Sunderland) and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (M. Cohen). We acknowledge the field and logistical Support staff at Huntsman Marine Science Centre in New Brunswick, Canada. We thank O. Russell Bullock (USEPA/NOAA) for results from the CMAQ model, and Chris Knightes (USEPA) and two anonymous reviewers for helpful review comments. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 156 IS 2 BP 526 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 374NC UT WOS:000261049500035 PM 18299164 ER PT J AU Starr, J Graham, S Ii, DS Andrews, K Nishioka, M AF Starr, James Graham, Stephen Ii, Daniel Stout Andrews, Kim Nishioka, Marcia TI Pyrethroid pesticides and their metabolites in vacuum cleaner dust collected from homes and day-care centers SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pyrethroids; Biomarkers; Degradation; Indoor dust ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; PERMETHRIN; DELTAMETHRIN; URINE; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL; CHLORPYRIFOS; INSECTICIDES; DEGRADATION; RESIDENCES AB Urinary metabolites of pyrethroid pesticides have been used as biomarkers to estimate human exposure to the parent insecticide. It is important to establish whether these markers are present in environments or media to which humans are exposed routinely. Failure to account for the contribution of pre-existing markers to urinary concentrations could result in risk assessments that overestimate exposure. The purpose of this study was to quantify the concentrations of 13 selected pyrethroid pesticides and their degradation products in samples of indoor dust that had been collected in vacuum cleaner bags during the children's total exposure to persistent pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants (CTEPP) study of homes and day cares in North Carolina and Ohio. Sieved contents of 85 vacuum cleaner bags were analyzed, and permethrin was found in all samples. Sixty-nine samples contained at least one additional pyrethroid, but none contained more than five pyrethroids in detectable concentrations. Resmethrin, prallethrin, and fenpropathrin were not detected in any samples, while 36 contained phenothrin. The median concentration of permethrin in the samples was 1454 ng/g of dust. Excluding permethrin, pyrethroid concentrations were typically less than or equal to 100ng/g of dust. The majority of degradates were present in more than half of the dust samples, usually at concentrations of less than or equal to 100 ng/g of dust. For those pyrethroids with a characteristic oxydibenzene group, the cyclopropane degradates were present at higher concentrations than the corresponding benzoic acid moieties. Using urinary concentrations of these metabolites to model human exposure to the parent pyrethroids, may over-estimate risk due to the presence of pre-existing degradates in dust. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Starr, James; Ii, Daniel Stout] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Graham, Stephen] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Andrews, Kim; Nishioka, Marcia] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Starr, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM starr.james@epa.gov NR 36 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.022 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 368YR UT WOS:000260660000001 PM 18790476 ER PT J AU Allen, R AF Allen, R. TI Creatinine Corrections for Obesity and Pregnancy to Pesticide Doses Estimated From NHANES Urinary Data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Allen, R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900227 ER PT J AU Bangs, GW Olsen, M Tulve, N Hofmann, L AF Bangs, G. W. Olsen, M. Tulve, N. Hofmann, L. TI New Approaches and Emerging Sciences Shape the Update to the EPA Risk Assessment Forum's Guidelines for Exposure Assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Bangs, G. W.; Hofmann, L.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Olsen, M.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. [Tulve, N.] US EPA, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S189 EP S189 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901013 ER PT J AU Barnekow, D Lunchick, CJ Ross, J Tulve, NS AF Barnekow, D. Lunchick, C. J. Ross, J. Tulve, N. S. TI Urinary Pesticide Metabolite Concentrations in Children and Adults and the Relationship to Environmental Concentrations Following Indoor Pesticide Applications SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Barnekow, D.] Dow Agrosci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Lunchick, C. J.] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ross, J.] Infosci Com Inc, Carmichael, CA USA. [Tulve, N. S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S302 EP S302 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901311 ER PT J AU Barzyk, TM Conlon, KC Chahine, T Zartarian, V Schultz, B Hammond, D AF Barzyk, T. M. Conlon, K. C. Chahine, T. Zartarian, V Schultz, B. Hammond, D. TI Summary of EPA Programs and Exposure Tools Relevant to Community-Based Cumulative Risk and Exposure Assessments SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Barzyk, T. M.; Chahine, T.; Zartarian, V; Schultz, B.; Hammond, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S187 EP S187 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901007 ER PT J AU Basta, NT Scheckel, KG Bradham, KD Richey, JS Dayton, EA Whitacre, SW Casteel, SW AF Basta, N. T. Scheckel, K. G. Bradham, K. D. Richey, J. S. Dayton, E. A. Whitacre, S. W. Casteel, S. W. TI Soil Chemical Controls on Arsenic Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Basta, N. T.; Richey, J. S.; Dayton, E. A.; Whitacre, S. W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scheckel, K. G.] US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Bradham, K. D.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Casteel, S. W.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900066 ER PT J AU Baxter, L Neas, L Schultz, B AF Baxter, L. Neas, L. Schultz, B. TI The Use of Improved Exposure Factors in the Interpretation of Air Pollution Epidemiological Results SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Baxter, L.; Neas, L.; Schultz, B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900097 ER PT J AU Baxter, LK Barzyk, TM Vette, AF Croghan, CW Williams, RW AF Baxter, L. K. Barzyk, T. M. Vette, A. F. Croghan, C. W. Williams, R. W. TI Contributions of Diesel Truck Emissions to Indoor Elemental Carbon Concentrations in Homes Proximate to Ambassador Bridge SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Baxter, L. K.; Barzyk, T. M.; Vette, A. F.; Croghan, C. W.; Williams, R. W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S253 EP S253 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901183 ER PT J AU Beringer, M Yeow, AJ AF Beringer, M. Yeow, A. J. TI Use of Bioavailability Information in Site-Specific Risk Assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Beringer, M.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. [Yeow, A. J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S29 EP S30 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900068 ER PT J AU Breen, M Breen, M Williams, R Rea, A AF Breen, M. Breen, M. Williams, R. Rea, A. TI Air Pollution Exposure Model for Individuals in Health Studies: Parameter Estimates for PM2.5 from Research Triangle Park PM Panel Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Breen, M.; Williams, R.; Rea, A.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Breen, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S193 EP S193 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901024 ER PT J AU Casper, S West, J Horowitz, L Tong, D AF Casper, S. West, J. Horowitz, L. Tong, D. TI The Global Burden of Anthropogenic Ozone and Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Premature Human Mortality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Casper, S.; West, J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Tong, D.] US EPA, Sci & Technol Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S221 EP S221 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901100 ER PT J AU Chen, J Cooper, GS Yu, H Christakos, G AF Chen, J. Cooper, G. S. Yu, H. Christakos, G. TI Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Increased Mortality in Lupus SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Chen, J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Yu, H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Christakos, G.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S209 EP S209 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901069 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Jones, R Tefft, M AF Chuang, J. C. Van Emon, J. M. Jones, R. Tefft, M. TI Development and Application of Immunoaffinity Column Chromatography for Coplanar PCBs in Soil and Sediment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Chuang, J. C.; Jones, R.; Tefft, M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Van Emon, J. M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S206 EP S207 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901061 ER PT J AU Cleverly, D AF Cleverly, D. TI An Approach for Evaluating the Operational Locations of Portable Combustion Devices and Mechanical Grinders to Obviate the Potential for Residential Impacts When Used to Process Waste in the Aftermath of Destructive Storms and Other Natural Disasters SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Cleverly, D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S334 EP S335 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901397 ER PT J AU Clifton, MS Weathers, WS Colon, M Hines, AP King, AS Smarr, MM AF Clifton, M. S. Weathers, W. S. Colon, M. Hines, A. P. King, A. S. Smarr, M. M. TI Combined Sample Preparation Methods for Selected Pyrethroids, Organophosphates and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Wipes and Passive Air Samples SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Clifton, M. S.; Weathers, W. S.; Colon, M.; Hines, A. P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [King, A. S.] Natl Caucus & Ctr Black Aged Inc, Senior Environm Employment Program, Durham, NC USA. [Smarr, M. M.] US EPA, Student Serv Contractor, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S146 EP S147 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900422 ER PT J AU Cohen, HE AF Cohen, Hubal E. TI Exposure Considerations for Chemical Prioritization and Toxicity Testing SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Cohen, Hubal E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900300 ER PT J AU Dederick, EJ Burch, DF Cleland, JC Shapiro, AJ Smith, R AF Dederick, E. J. Burch, D. F. Cleland, J. C. Shapiro, A. J. Smith, R. TI Incorporation of the Infant Breast Milk Exposure Pathway into an Exposure and Risk Assessment Model SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Dederick, E. J.] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. [Burch, D. F.; Shapiro, A. J.] ICF Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cleland, J. C.] ICF Int, Saunderstown, RI USA. [Smith, R.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S248 EP S248 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901170 ER PT J AU Driver, J Zartarian, V Xue, J Young, B Evans, J AF Driver, J. Zartarian, V Xue, J. Young, B. Evans, J. TI ISEA 2008: State-of-the-Science Probabilistic Aggregate and Cumulative Residential Exposure Models and Recent Residential Exposure Measurement Studies: How the Data and Models Compare SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Driver, J.] Infosci Com Ltd, Manassas, VA USA. [Zartarian, V; Xue, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Young, B.] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Evans, J.] US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S222 EP S222 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901102 ER PT J AU Dufour, AP Li, L AF Dufour, A. P. Li, L. TI Interferon Gamma as a Biomarker of Exposure to Enteric Viruses SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Dufour, A. P.; Li, L.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S42 EP S43 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900116 ER PT J AU Egeghy, PP Tulve, NS Adetona, O Naeher, LP AF Egeghy, P. P. Tulve, N. S. Adetona, O. Naeher, L. P. TI Using Pesticide Screening Questions to Identify the More Highly Exposed Participants in a Larger Cohort SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Egeghy, P. P.; Tulve, N. S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Adetona, O.; Naeher, L. P.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S200 EP S200 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901043 ER PT J AU Evans, J AF Evans, J. TI Overview of the Five Probabilistic Pesticide Exposure Models SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Evans, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S25 EP S25 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900050 ER EF