FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, R. Julian TI INTEGRATING BASIC RADIOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES: WHY AND HOW SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; biological indicators; epidemiology; risk analysis ID DOSE-RESPONSE; IONIZING-RADIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; KEY EVENTS; INCIDENCE CURVES; HEALTH-RISKS; CANCER-RISKS; EXPOSURE; MODE; CHILDHOOD AB There is quite an extensive set of epidemiology studies conducted for a range of different radiation exposure scenarios and in some cases at doses that can be considered to be in the low dose range (< 100 mGy). In addition, there is an extensive literature on the effects of radiation at animal and cellular levels, as well as expanding knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of disease formation (both cancer and non-cancer). A significant concern is that these two areas of study have been linked rarely to support each other-to enhance low dose/low dose-rate extrapolation and reduction of uncertainty in risk estimates. Research should provide specific types of data to support the epidemiology and thereby enhance the radiation risk assessment process. Such an approach is one that can be adapted from that used for chemical exposures. It is based on the concept of adverse outcome pathways for the formation of adverse health outcomes. The adverse outcome pathway conceptual framework is considered to be a logical sequence of events (so-called key events) or processes within biological systems that can be used to understand adverse effects and refine the current risk assessment practice. This approach, which has only been used currently for chemicals, shifts the risk assessment focus from traditional apical endpoints (e.g., cancer and cardiovascular disease) to the development of a mechanistic understanding of effects at a molecular and cellular level. The need is to further the knowledge of the key events in radiation-induced diseases and to provide information on the dose and dose-rate response for these. It is proposed that the key-event approach be used in conjunction with enhanced radiation epidemiology data to reduce overall uncertainty in low dose/low dose-rate cancer and non-cancer risk estimates. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 108 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000224 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AX6YN UT WOS:000347064100007 PM 25551492 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Braby, LA Chang, PY Goodhead, DT Hora, S Kocher, DC Mabuchi, K Puskin, JS Richardson, D Rosenstein, M Tucker, J Vano, E AF Simon, Steven L. Braby, Leslie A. Chang, Polly Y. Goodhead, Dudley T. Hora, Stephen Kocher, David C. Mabuchi, Kiyohiko Puskin, Jerome S. Richardson, David Rosenstein, Marvin Tucker, James Vano, Eliseo TI BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTONS AND ELECTRONS AS A FUNCTION OF ENERGY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; cancer; radiation risk; relative biological effectiveness C1 [Simon, Steven L.; Mabuchi, Kiyohiko] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Braby, Leslie A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chang, Polly Y.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Goodhead, Dudley T.] MRC, Harwell OX11 0RD, Berks, England. [Hora, Stephen] Univ So Calif, Ctr Risk & Econ Anal Terrorism Events, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kocher, David C.] Oak Ridge Ctr Risk Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Puskin, Jerome S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Richardson, David] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Tucker, James] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Vano, Eliseo] Univ Complutense, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 108 IS 2 BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000256 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AX6YN UT WOS:000347064100009 PM 25551494 ER PT J AU Boyd, MA AF Boyd, Michael A. TI US RADIATION PROTECTION: ROLE OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION (HARMONY, NOT DISSONANCE) SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; International Commission on Radiological Protection; radiation protection; safety standards AB For much of the 20th century, U.S. radiation protection policies were similar to those elsewhere in the world, in large part because the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) were closely aligned. In the 1970s, several U.S. regulations were released at about the same time as the 1977 recommendations from ICRP. The regulatory development process in the United States can be lengthy with ample opportunities for public involvement. While such deliberation is essential and beneficial, the rulemaking process does not lend itself to making frequent technical updates to rules. For this reason, many of the current radiation protection regulations in the United States are out of step with current recommendations of the ICRP and NCRP. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are considering updates to important radiation protection regulations. These regulatory development actions could present the United States with an opportunity for incorporating the latest science into the U.S. system of radiation protection and provide for consideration of the latest recommendations of ICRP and NCRP. In particular, a revision of the recommendations in NCRP Report No. 116 (Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation) could provide U.S. agencies with useful advice to be considered in these rulemakings. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Boyd, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Ariel Rios Bldg,Mail Code 6608J,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM boyd.mike@epa.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 108 IS 2 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000236 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AX6YN UT WOS:000347064100024 PM 25551510 ER PT J AU Cyphert, JM Carlin, DJ Nyska, A Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Shannahan, JH Kodavanti, UP Gavett, SH AF Cyphert, Jaime M. Carlin, Danielle J. Nyska, Abraham Schladweiler, Mette C. Ledbetter, Allen D. Shannahan, Jonathan H. Kodavanti, Urmila P. Gavett, Stephen H. TI Comparative Long-Term Toxicity of Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbestos in Rats After Single or Multiple Intratracheal Exposures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-344 RATS; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; MONTANA; VERMICULITE; DISEASE; LUNG; FERROACTINOLITE; CARCINOGENICITY; INSTILLATION; INHALATION AB In former mine workers of Libby, MT, exposure to amphibole-containing vermiculite was linked to increased rates of asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Although many studies showed adverse effects following exposure to Libby amphibole (LA; a mixture of winchite, richterite, and tremolite), little is known regarding the relative toxicity of LA compared to regulated asbestos, or regarding the risks associated with acute high-dose exposures relative to repeated low-dose exposures. In this study, pulmonary function, inflammation, and pathology were assessed after single or multiple intratracheal (IT) exposures of LA or a well-characterized amosite (AM) control fiber with equivalent fiber characteristics. Male F344 rats were exposed to an equivalent total mass dose (0.15, 0.5, 1.5, or 5 mg/rat) of LA or AM administered either as a single IT instillation, or as multiple IT instillations given every other week over a 13-wk period, and necropsied up to 20 mo after the initial IT. When comparing the two fiber types, in both studies LA resulted in greater acute neutrophilic inflammation and cellular toxicity than equal doses of AM, but long-term histopathological changes were approximately equivalent between fibers, suggesting that LA is at least as toxic as AM. In addition, although no dose-response relationship was discerned, mesothelioma or lung carcinomas were found after exposure to low and high dose levels of LA or AM in both studies. Conversely, when comparing studies, an equal mass dose given over multiple exposures instead of a single bolus resulted in greater chronic pathological changes in lung at lower doses, despite the initially weaker acute inflammatory response. Overall, these results suggest that there is a possibility of greater long-term pathological changes with repeated lower LA dose exposures, which more accurately simulates chronic environmental exposures. C1 [Cyphert, Jaime M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cyphert, Jaime M.; Carlin, Danielle J.; Nyska, Abraham] NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Timrat, Israel. [Schladweiler, Mette C.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Gavett, Stephen H.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shannahan, Jonathan H.] Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO USA. RP Gavett, SH (reprint author), US EPA, DABT, Mail Drop B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gavett.stephen@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA/University of North Carolina Toxicology Research Program Training Agreement [CR 933237, 83515201-0] FX This work was supported by a U.S. EPA/University of North Carolina Toxicology Research Program Training Agreement (CR 933237 and 83515201-0). The authors thank Judy Richards for assistance with biochemical analysis, and Drs. David Berry, Ian Gilmour, Maureen Gwinn, Gary Hatch, and Ronald Hines for manuscript review. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 78 IS 3 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1080/15287394.2014.947455 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AW5YC UT WOS:000346345800001 PM 25506632 ER PT J AU Hu, L Montzka, SA Miller, JB Andrews, AE Lehman, SJ Miller, BR Thoning, K Sweeney, C Chen, HL Godwin, DS Masarie, K Bruhwiler, L Fischer, ML Biraud, SC Torn, MS Mountain, M Nehrkorn, T Eluszkiewicz, J Miller, S Draxler, RR Stein, AF Hall, BD Elkins, JW Tans, PP AF Hu, Lei Montzka, Stephen A. Miller, John B. Andrews, Aryln E. Lehman, Scott J. Miller, Benjamin R. Thoning, Kirk Sweeney, Colm Chen, Huilin Godwin, David S. Masarie, Kenneth Bruhwiler, Lori Fischer, Marc L. Biraud, Sebastien C. Torn, Margaret S. Mountain, Marikate Nehrkorn, Thomas Eluszkiewicz, Janusz Miller, Scot Draxler, Roland R. Stein, Ariel F. Hall, Bradley D. Elkins, James W. Tans, Pieter P. TI US emissions of HFC-134a derived for 2008-2012 from an extensive flask-air sampling network SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE HFC-134a; emissions; inverse modeling; atmosphere based; US ID ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; EUROPEAN EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT MODELS; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; INVERSION METHOD; UNITED-STATES; STILT MODEL; PART 1; CO2; PERSPECTIVE AB U.S. national and regional emissions of HFC-134a are derived for 2008-2012 based on atmospheric observations from ground and aircraft sites across the U.S. and a newly developed regional inverse model. Synthetic data experiments were first conducted to optimize the model assimilation design and to assess model-data mismatch errors and prior flux error covariances computed using a maximum likelihood estimation technique. The synthetic data experiments also tested the sensitivity of derived national and regional emissions to a range of assumed prior emissions, with the goal of designing a system that was minimally reliant on the prior. We then explored the influence of additional sources of error in inversions with actual observations, such as those associated with background mole fractions and transport uncertainties. Estimated emissions of HFC-134a range from 52 to 61 Gg yr(-1) for the contiguous U.S. during 2008-2012 for inversions using air transport from Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model driven by the 12km resolution meteorogical data from North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM12) and all tested combinations of prior emissions and background mole fractions. Estimated emissions for 2008-2010 were 20% lower when specifying alternative transport from Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model driven by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorology. Our estimates (for HYSPLIT-NAM12) are consistent with annual emissions reported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the full study interval. The results suggest a 10-20% drop in U.S. national HFC-134a emission in 2009 coincident with a reduction in transportation-related fossil fuel CO2 emissions, perhaps related to the economic recession. All inversions show seasonal variation in national HFC-134a emissions in all years, with summer emissions greater than winter emissions by 20-50%. C1 [Hu, Lei; Miller, John B.; Miller, Benjamin R.; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Lei; Montzka, Stephen A.; Miller, John B.; Andrews, Aryln E.; Miller, Benjamin R.; Thoning, Kirk; Sweeney, Colm; Masarie, Kenneth; Bruhwiler, Lori; Hall, Bradley D.; Elkins, James W.; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lehman, Scott J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, Huilin] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Godwin, David S.] US EPA, Alternat & Emiss Reduct Branch, Stratospher Protect Div, Off Atmospher Programs,Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Biraud, Sebastien C.; Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mountain, Marikate; Nehrkorn, Thomas; Eluszkiewicz, Janusz] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Miller, Scot] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Draxler, Roland R.; Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hu, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lei.hu@colorado.edu; stephen.a.montzka@noaa.gov RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013 OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program - North American Carbon Program; California Energy Commission; California Air Resources Board [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NOAA's Climate Program Office under the CarbonTracker-Lagrange project FX This work was performed while one of us (LH) was a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow and was funded in part by NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program in support of the North American Carbon Program. Flask sampling at the WGC and STR towers were partially supported by a California Energy Commission and the California Air Resources Board grants to LBNL under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, while aircraft sampling above the SGP site was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and Office of Biological and Environmental Research, both underx U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. WRF-STILT runs were supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office under the CarbonTracker-Lagrange project. This inversion analysis was conducted using the high performance computing system in the NOAA Environmental Security Computing Center, located in Fairmont, West Virginia, USA. We thank A. Jacobson and S. Basu for useful discussions related to inversion problems. We thank C. Siso, D. Mondeel, P. M. Lang, J. Higgs, M. Crotwell, S. Wolter, D. Neff, J. Kofler, and others involved with flask analysis and the large team of collaborators associated with operation, maintenance, and logistics of NOAA's Cooperative U.S.- and global-scale Greenhouse Gas Reference flask sampling networks. Measured atmospheric mole fractions of HFC-134a and calculated footprints used in this analysis can be downloaded at NOAA/ESRL/GMD website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/gases/HFC134a.html). NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 2 BP 801 EP 825 DI 10.1002/2014JD022617 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC1QQ UT WOS:000350117100026 ER PT J AU Willson, SA AF Willson, Stuart A. TI Investigation of the Persistence of Nerve Agent Degradation Analytes on Surfaces through Wipe Sampling and Detection with Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; PESTICIDES; MATRICES; SARIN; FATE; VX AB The persistence of chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on surfaces is important, from indicating the presence of nerve agent on a surface to guiding environmental restoration of a site after a release. Persistence was investigated for several chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on indoor surfaces and presents an approach for wipe sampling of surfaces, followed by wipe extraction and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry detection. Commercially available wipe materials were investigated to determine optimal wipe recoveries. Tested surfaces included porous/permeable (vinyl tile, painted drywall, and wood) and largely nonporous/impermeable (laminate, galvanized steel, and glass) surfaces. Wipe extracts were analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (UPLCMS/MS). UPLC provides a separation of targeted degradation analytes in addition to being nearly four times faster than high-performance liquid chromatography, allowing for greater throughput after a large-scale contamination incident and subsequent remediation events. Percent recoveries from nonporous/impermeable surfaces were 60103% for isopropyl methylphosphonate (IMPA), GB degradate; 6191% for ethyl methylphosphonate (EMPA), VX degradate; and 6098% for pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMPA), GD degradate. Recovery efficiencies for methyl phosphonate (MPA), nerve agent degradate, and ethylhydrogen dimethylphosphonate (EHDMAP), GA degradate, were lower, perhaps due to matrix effects. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate, GB impurity, was not recovered from surfaces. The resulting detection limits for wipe extracts were 0.065 ng/cm(2) for IMPA, 0.079 ng/cm(2) for MPA, 0.040 ng/cm(2) for EMPA, 0.078 ng/cm(2) for EHDMAP, and 0.013 ng/cm(2) for PMPA. The data indicate that laboratories may hold wipe samples for up to 30 days prior to analysis. Target analytes were observed to persist on surfaces for at least 6 weeks. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Willson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Willison.stuart@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Office of Research and Development under EPA IA [DW-75-922440001-0]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described herein under EPA IA no. DW-75-922440001-0 with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through its Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has been reviewed by the Agency but does not necessarily reflect the Agency's views. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 20 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 2 BP 1034 EP 1041 DI 10.1021/ac503777z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AZ6LX UT WOS:000348332300030 PM 25495198 ER PT J AU Sekine, R Brunetti, G Donner, E Khaksar, M Vasilev, K Jamting, AK Scheckel, KG Kappen, P Zhang, H Lombi, E AF Sekine, R. Brunetti, G. Donner, E. Khaksar, M. Vasilev, K. Jaemting, A. K. Scheckel, K. G. Kappen, P. Zhang, H. Lombi, E. TI Speciation and Lability of Ag-, AgCl-, and Ag2S-Nanoparticles in Soil Determined by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILVER SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; WASTE-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; IN-SITU; TOXICITY; FATE; BEHAVIOR; LIGANDS AB Long-term speciation and lability of silver (Ag-), silver chloride (AgCl-), and silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) in soil were studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and newly developed nano Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) devices. These nano-DGT devices were designed specifically to avoid confounding effects when measuring element lability in the presence of nanoparticles. The aging profile and stabilities of the three nanoparticles and AgNO3 (ionic Ag) in soil were examined at three different soil pH values over a period of up to 7 months. Transformation of ionic Ag, Ag-NP and AgCl-NPs were dependent on pH. AgCl formation and persistence was observed under acidic conditions, whereas sulfur-bound forms of Ag dominated in neutral to alkaline soils. Ag2S-NPs were found to be very stable under all conditions tested and remained sulfur bound after 7 months of incubation. Ag lability was characteristically low in soils containing Ag2S-NPs. Other forms of Ag were linked to higher DGT-determined lability, and this varied as a function of aging and related speciation changes as determined by XAS. These results clearly indicate that Ag2S-NPs, which are the most environmentally relevant form of Ag that enter soils, are chemically stable and have profoundly low Ag lability over extended periods. This may minimize the long-term risks of Ag toxicity in the soil environment. C1 [Sekine, R.; Brunetti, G.; Donner, E.; Lombi, E.] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. [Khaksar, M.; Vasilev, K.] Univ S Australia, Mawson Inst, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. [Jaemting, A. K.] Natl Measurement Inst, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Scheckel, K. G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Kappen, P.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Zhang, H.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Sekine, R (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Bldg 10, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia. EM Ryo.Sekine@unisa.edu.au RI Sekine, Ryo/F-3721-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Zhang, Hao/E-5375-2010; Donner, Erica/A-4809-2012; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Sekine, Ryo/0000-0001-9980-0603; Donner, Erica/0000-0001-6465-2233; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375 FU Australian Research Council Future Fellowship [FT100100337, FT100100292, FT130101003]; Australian Research Council [DP120101115]; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; EPA; Australian Synchrotron FX E.L., K.V., and E.D. are recipients of Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT100100337, FT100100292, and FT130101003, respectively. The funding support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP120101115 is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr Hamid M. Pouran for his assistance with the Nano-DGT devices. The Australian Synchrotron is acknowledged for the beamtime on the X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Beamline (AS132 XAS6663a and XAS6663b), associated travel funding, and Dr. Bernt Johannessen and Dr. Chris Glover for assistance during the beamtime. The software tool "Sakura" was developed at the Australian Synchrotron in partnership with the National eResearch Collaborative Tools and Resources (NeCTAR) project. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member-institutions. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Although EPA contributed to this article, the research presented was not performed by or funded by EPA and was not subject to EPA's quality system requirements. Consequently, the views, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect or represent EPA's views or policies. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 15 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 897 EP 905 DI 10.1021/es504229h PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ6LY UT WOS:000348332400026 PM 25436975 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Jenkins, TM Rankin, K Naile, JE AF Washington, John W. Jenkins, Thomas M. Rankin, Keegan Naile, Jonathan E. TI Decades-Scale Degradation of Commercial, Side-Chain, Fluorotelomer-Based Polymers in Soils and Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-APPLIED SOILS; DEGRADABILITY; PERSISTENCE; ALCOHOLS; ALABAMA; DECATUR; USA AB Fluorotelomer-based polymers (FTPs) are the primary product of the fluorotelomer industry. Here we report on a 376-day study of the degradability of two commercial acrylate-linked FTPs in four saturated soils and in water. Using an exhaustive serial extraction, we report GC/MS and LC/MS/MS results for 50 species including fluorotelomer alcohols and acids, and perfluorocarboxylates. Modeling of seven sampling rounds, each consisting of >= 5 replicate microcosm treatments, for one commercial FTP in one soil yielded half-life estimates of 65-112 years and, when the other commercial FTP and soils were evaluated, the estimated half-lives ranged from 33 to 112 years. Experimental controls, consisting of commercial FTP in water, degraded roughly at the same rate as in soil. A follow-up experiment, with commercial FTP in pH 10 water, degraded roughly 10-fold faster than the circum-neutral control suggesting that commercial FTPs can undergo OH-mediated hydrolysis. 8:2Fluorotelomer alcohol generated from FTP degradation in soil was more stable than without FTP present suggesting a clathrate guest-host association with the FTP. To our knowledge, these are the only degradability-test results for commercial FTPs that have been generated using exhaustive extraction procedures. They unambiguously show that commercial FTPs, the primary product of the fluorotelomer industry, are a source of fluorotelomer and perfluorinated compounds to the environment. C1 [Washington, John W.; Naile, Jonathan E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jenkins, Thomas M.] Senior Environm Employment Program, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rankin, Keegan] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON 141119, Canada. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Washington.john@epa.gov FU USEPA Office of Research Development; Office of Pollution Prevention Toxics FX This research was funded by the USEPA Office of Research & Development and Office of Pollution Prevention & Toxics. We thank Greg Fritz, Jack Jones, Laurence Libelo, David Lynch and Eric Weber, all of the EPA, and the editor and manuscript reviewers for insightful comments. We thank Chrys Wesdemiotis (University of Akron) for the opportunity to analyze samples by MALDI-TOF. Views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the USEPA. Mention of trade names or products does not convey EPA approval, endorsement or recommendation. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1021/es504347u PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ6LY UT WOS:000348332400028 PM 25426868 ER PT J AU Watkins, AM Wood, CR Lin, MT Abbott, BD AF Watkins, Andrew M. Wood, Carmen R. Lin, Mimi T. Abbott, Barbara D. TI The effects of perfluorinated chemicals on adipocyte differentiation in vitro SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PFOA; PFNA; PFHxS; PFOS; PPAR; Adipocyte ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; PPAR-ALPHA; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; FATTY-ACIDS; MOUSE; ADIPOGENESIS; ENDOCRINE AB The 3T3-L1 preadipocyte culture system has been used to examine numerous compounds that influence adipocyte differentiation or function. The perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), used as surfactants in a variety of industrial applications, are of concern as environmental contaminants that are detected worldwide in human serum and animal tissues. This study was designed to evaluate the potential for PFAAs to affect adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation using mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (5-1001.1,M), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (5-10012M), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (50-300 iM), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (40-250 IiM), the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) PPARa agonist Wyeth-14,643 (WY-14,643), and the PPARy agonist rosiglitazone. The PPARy agonist was included as a positive control as this pathway is critical to adipocyte differentiation. The PPARa agonist was included as the PFAA compounds are known activators of this pathway. Cells were assessed morphometrically and biochemically for number, size, and lipid content. RNA was extracted for qPCR analysis of 13 genes selected for their importance in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. There was a significant concentration-related increase in cell number and decreased cell size after exposure to PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFNA. All four PFAA treatments produced a concentrationrelated decrease in the calculated average area occupied by lipid per cell. However, total triglyceride levels per well increased with a concentration-related trend for all compounds, likely due to the increased cell number. Expression of mRNA for the selected genes was affected by all exposures and the specific impacts depended on the particular compound and concentration. Acox1 and Gapdh were upregulated by all six compounds. The strongest overall effect was a nearly 10-fold induction of Scdl by PFHxS. The sulfonated PFAAs-produced numerous, strong-changes in gene expression similar to the effects after treatment with the PPARy agonist rosiglitazone. By comparison, the effects on gene expression were muted for the carboxylated PFAAs and for the PPARa agonist WY-14,643. In summary, all perfluorinated compounds increased cell number, decreased cell size, increased total triglyceride, and altered expression of genes associated with adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Watkins, Andrew M.; Wood, Carmen R.; Lin, Mimi T.; Abbott, Barbara D.] US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxic Assessment Div,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Watkins, AM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL TAD DTB, MD-B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM watkins.andrew@epa.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 400 IS C BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.020 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CA3SJ UT WOS:000348826100010 PM 25448844 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Stewart, N Freeborn, DL Crooks, J MacMillan, DK Hedge, JM Wood, CE McMahen, RL Strynar, MJ Herr, DW AF Moser, Virginia C. Stewart, Nicholas Freeborn, Danielle L. Crooks, James MacMillan, Denise K. Hedge, Joan M. Wood, Charles E. McMahen, Rebecca L. Strynar, Mark J. Herr, David W. TI Assessment of serum biomarkers in rats after exposure to pesticides of different chemical classes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Cytokines; Metabolomics; Hormones; Pesticides ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; SELECTIVE TOXICITY; VARIABLE SELECTION; FIPRONIL SULFONE; INSECTICIDES; RECEPTORS; CYTOKINES; SYSTEM; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM AB There is increasing emphasis on the use of biomarkers of adverse outcomes in safety assessment and translational research. We evaluated serum biomarkers and targeted metabolite profiles after exposure to pesticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, imidacloprid, carbaryl, triadimefon, fipronil) with different neurotoxic actions. Adult male Long Evans rats were evaluated after single exposure to vehicle or one of two doses of each pesticide at the time of peak effect. The doses were selected to produce similar magnitude of behavioral effects across chemicals. Serum or plasma was analyzed using commercial cytokine/protein panels and targeted metabolomics. Additional studies of fipronil used lower doses (lacking behavioral effects), singly or for 14 days, and included additional markers of exposure and biological activity. Biomarker profiles varied in the number of altered analytes and patterns of change across pesticide classes, and discriminant analysis could separate treatment groups from control. Low doses of fipronil produced greater effects when given for 14 days compared to a single dose. Changes in thyroid hormones and relative amounts of fipronil and its sulfone metabolite also differed between the dosing regimens. Most cytokine changes reflected alterations in inflammatory responses, hormone levels, and products of phospholipid, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism. These findings demonstrate distinct blood-based analyte profiles across pesticide classes, dose levels, and exposure duration. These results show promise for detailed analyses of these biomarkers and their linkages to biological pathways. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moser, Virginia C.; Stewart, Nicholas; Freeborn, Danielle L.; Herr, David W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxidty Assessment Div,Neurotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Crooks, James; MacMillan, Denise K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Analyt Chem Res Core,Res Cores Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hedge, Joan M.; Wood, Charles E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McMahen, Rebecca L.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ms Judy Richards for liver enzyme assays, and Drs Steve Edwards and Brian Chorley for their review of this manuscript. This research was funded by the intramural research program of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 2 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.016 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA CA8UC UT WOS:000349195400005 PM 25497286 ER PT J AU Freeborn, DL McDaniel, KL Moser, VC Herr, DW AF Freeborn, Danielle L. McDaniel, Katherine L. Moser, Virginia C. Herr, David W. TI Use of electroencephalography (EEG) to assess CNS changes produced by pesticides with different modes of action: Effects of permethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid, carbaryl, and triadimefon SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EEG; Pesticides; Rats ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR CHLORPYRIFOS; SENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS; POWER SPECTRA; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; INDUCED CHOREOATHETOSIS; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SELECTIVE TOXICITY AB The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an apical measure, capable of detecting changes in brain neuronal activity produced by internal or external stimuli. We assessed whether pesticides with different modes of action produced different changes in the EEG of adult male Long-Evans rats. The EEG was recorded using two montages (visual cortex referenced to the cerebellum and to the frontal cortex) in unrestrained rats at the time of peak behavioral effects. Pesticides included: permethrin and deltamethrin (Type land Type II pyrethroids; 2 h), fipronil (single and repeated doses; phenylpyrazole; 6 h), imidacloprid (neonicotinoid; 2 h), carbaryl (carbamate; 0.5 h), and triadimefon (triazole; 1 h), using dosages that produced approximately an ED30 or an ED50-ED80 change in motor activity. Permethrin (43, 100 mg/kg) increased amplitudes or areas (delta, alpha, or gamma bands) in the EEG. Deltamethrin (2.5, 5.5 mg/kg) reduced the amplitudes or areas of the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, but the changes were not dose-related. A single treatment with fipronil (25, 50 mg/kg, but not 5, 10 mg/kg) decreased gamma band area. Additional changes in the delta, theta, and gamma bands were observed when fipronil (5, 10 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days. Imidacloprid (50, 100 mg/kg) did not alter the EEG. Carbaryl (10, 50 mg/kg) decreased theta area, and decreased delta and increased beta frequency. Triadimefon (75, 150 mg/kg) produced minimal changes in the EEG. The results show that the EEG is affected differently by approximately equipotent doses of pesticides with different modes of action. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Freeborn, Danielle L.; McDaniel, Katherine L.; Moser, Virginia C.; Herr, David W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Neurotoxicol Branch,Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Herr, DW (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL TAD NB, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD 8105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Freebom.danielle@epa.gov; McDaniel.kathy@epa.gov; Moser.ginger@epa.gov; Herr.david@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Drs. Tim Shafer and William Boyes for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Appreciation is also expressed to Mr. Charles Hamm for the computer assistance and Dr. Laura Degn with the technical assistance with experimental procedures. All work was internally funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 2 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.011 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA CA8UC UT WOS:000349195400007 PM 25481984 ER PT J AU Vanderhoof, MK Williams, CA AF Vanderhoof, Melanie K. Williams, Christopher A. TI Persistence of MODIS evapotranspiration impacts from mountain pine beetle outbreaks in lodgepole pine forests, south-central Rocky Mountains SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Water cycle; Bark beetles; Mountain pine beetles; Disturbance; MODIS ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; WATER YIELD; STAND AGE; LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION; ALGORITHM; COLORADO; CARBON; SCALE AB The current extent and high severity (percent tree mortality) of mountain pine beetle outbreaks across western North America has been attributed to regional climate change, specifically warmer summer and winter temperatures and drier summers. This study paired multiple mountain pine beetle outbreak location datasets, both current and historical, with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) products in order to quantify the full seasonal evapotranspiration impact of outbreak events for decades after outbreak (0 to 60 years). Following mountain pine beetle outbreaks in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands in the Colorado Rockies we observed an 18.7 +/- 1.4% (p < 0.01) reduction in the rate of summer evapotranspiration at 14 to 20 years since outbreak. We also observed a 21.6 +/- 2.2% (p < 0.01) increase in the rate of summer evapotranspiration, relative to non-attacked stands, in intermediate-aged stands 30 to 40 years since outbreak. Changes to growing season evapotranspiration correlated positively with changes in stand density, stand leaf area index (LAI) and the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR), while high incoming solar radiation during the summer months acted to amplify changes to evapotranspiration even given relatively minor changes to summer WAR and LAI due to the rapid regeneration of understory vegetation. Lodgepole pine mortality from mountain pine beetle outbreaks showed lasting effects on stand-scale evapotranspiration which could have important implications for regional water resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanderhoof, Melanie K.; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Vanderhoof, MK (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8623-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM vanderhoof.melanie@epa.gov FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [12-Earth12R-59, 13-Earth13R-8]; Science of Terra and Aqua program [NASA ROSES09, NNX11AG53G]; National Science Foundation [1262691] FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (Grant no. 12-Earth12R-59 and 13-Earth13R-8). Additional financial support was received from the NASA ROSES09 Science of Terra and Aqua program (Grant no. NNX11AG53G) as well as the National Science Foundation (Grant no. 1262691). We thank Rocky Mountain National Park for their field support and Marcus Pasay for his assistance with field work. We also thank Dominik Kulakowski and Dan Jarvis for providing the dendroecological plot data, Brian Howell and Justin Backsen of the USFS Region 2, for their assistance with the historical ADS surveys, and the anonymous reviewers for the valuable comments. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 200 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.09.015 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY4ZB UT WOS:000347582300008 ER PT J AU Simon, H Reff, A Wells, B Xing, J Frank, N AF Simon, Heather Reff, Adam Wells, Benjamin Xing, Jia Frank, Neil TI Ozone Trends Across the United States over a Period of Decreasing NOx and VOC Emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; AIR AB In this work, we evaluate ambient ozone trends at urban, suburban, and rural monitoring sites across the United States over a period of decreasing NOx and VOC emissions (1998-2013). We find that decreasing ozone trends generally occur in the summer, in less urbanized areas, and at the upper end of the ozone distribution. Conversely, increasing ozone trends generally occur in the winter, in more urbanized areas, and at the lower end of the ozone distribution. The 95(th) percentile ozone concentrations decreased at urban, suburban, and rural monitors by 1-2 ppb/yr in the summer and 0.5-1 ppb/yr in the winter. In the summer, there are both increasing and decreasing trends in fifth percentile ozone concentrations of less than 0.5 ppb/yr at urban and suburban monitors, while fifth percentile ozone concentrations at rural monitors decreased by up to 1 ppb/yr. In the winter, fifth percentile ozone concentrations generally increased by 0.1-1 ppb/yr. These results demonstrate the large scale success of U.S. control strategies targeted at decreasing peak ozone concentrations. In addition, they indicate that as anthropogenic NOx emissions have decreased, the ozone distribution has been compressed, leading to less spatial and temporal variability. C1 [Simon, Heather; Reff, Adam; Wells, Benjamin; Frank, Neil] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Xing, Jia] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Simon, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Simon.Heather@epa.gov RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014; simon, heather/E-4392-2011 OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC000378]; U.S. EPA [25 RW-89-9233260 1] FX The authors would like to thank the following people from U.S. EPA for their helpful feedback on this manuscript: James Hemby, Tyler Fox, Liz Naess, Norm Possiel, Pat Dolwick, Bryan Hubbell, Scott Mathias, Mike Koerber, Chet Wayland, Jan Cortelyou-Lee, and Chuen-Meei Gan. Although this work has been reviewed and approved for publication by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it does not reflect the views and policies of the agency. J.X. held a National Research Council Associate award at U.S. EPA supported in part by an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy project (IA no. DE-SC000378) and the U.S. EPA (IA no. 25 RW-89-9233260 1). NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 6 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 1 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1021/es504514z PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY5BW UT WOS:000347589300021 PM 25517137 ER PT J AU Mazur, CS Marchitti, SA Zastre, J AF Mazur, Christopher S. Marchitti, Satori A. Zastre, Jason TI P-glycoprotein inhibition by the agricultural pesticide propiconazole and its hydroxylated metabolites: Implications for pesticide-drug interactions SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE P-gp; MDR1; Conazoles; Propiconazole; Chemosensitization; ABC transporters ID NONSTEROIDAL AROMATASE INHIBITORS; ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY; IN-VITRO; CLINICAL IMPORTANCE; CACO-2 CELLS; TRANSPORTERS; ERYTHROMYCIN; EFFLUX; KETOCONAZOLE; ANTIFUNGALS AB The human efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1) functions as an important cellular defense system against a variety of xenobiotics; however, little information exists on whether environmental chemicals interact with P-gp. Conazoles provide a unique challenge to exposure assessment because of their use as both pesticides and drugs. Propiconazole is an agricultural pesticide undergoing evaluation by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. In this study, the P-gp interaction of propiconazole and its hydroxylated metabolites were evaluated using MDR1expressing membrane vesicles and NIH-3T3/MDR1 cells. Membrane vesicle assays demonstrated propiconazole (IC50,122.9 mu M) and its metabolites (IC(50)s, 350.8 mu M, 366.4 mu M, and 456.3 mu M) inhibited P-gp efflux of a probe substrate, with propiconazole demonstrating the strongest interaction. P-gp mediated transport of propiconazole in MDR1-expressed vesicles was not detected indicating propiconazole interacts with P-gp as an inhibitor rather than a substrate. In NIH-3T3/MDR1 cells, propiconazole (1 and 10 mu M) led to decreased cellular resistance (chemosensitization) to paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug and known MDR1 substrate. Collectively, these results have pharmacokinetic and risk assessment implications as P-gp interaction may influence pesticide toxicity and the potential for pesticide-drug interactions. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Mazur, Christopher S.; Marchitti, Satori A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Zastre, Jason] Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mazur, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mazur.chris@epa.gov; marchitti.satori@epa.gov; jzastre@uga.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2015 VL 232 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.020 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AW3GT UT WOS:000346175100005 PM 25268938 ER PT J AU Vance, L Eason, T Cabezas, H AF Vance, Leisha Eason, Tarsha Cabezas, Heriberto TI An information theory-based approach to assessing the sustainability and stability of an island system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fisher information; Puerto Rico; regional system; sustainability; dynamic order; indicator ID SAN-LUIS BASIN; REGIONAL SUSTAINABILITY; FISHER INFORMATION; REGIME SHIFTS; PUERTO-RICO; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; COLORADO; COMMUNICATION; FRAMEWORK AB It is well documented that a sustainable system is based on environmental stewardship, economic viability, and social equity. What is often overlooked is the need for continuity such that desirable system behavior is maintained with mechanisms in place that facilitate the ability of core system functions to endure or adapt (in the face of perturbations), and ensure that future generations are able to meet their needs. Assessing regional systems poses unique challenges in that they are interlinked with larger- and smaller-scale dynamics that may dramatically affect trends in key system variables. From 1970-2009, Puerto Rico experienced a 140% increase in urban population which may have amplified impacts related to resource demands, waste production, and natural habitats. Because such changes can have strong implications for sustainability, the dynamics of Puerto Rico provide a great opportunity to explore methods for assessing the sustainability of a complex geographic region. In this work, we employ Fisher information, an information theory-based approach, to evaluate changes in system dynamics and examine the effect of regionalization impacts on trends in variables characterizing social, environmental, and economic aspects of the system. Results indicate dramatic change from 1981-1999, after which the system dynamics remained steady until 2005. While there was no indication that a regime shift occurred, system trends corresponded with variations in non-yield economic variables. To determine whether Fisher information provides warning signals of critical change, consecutive declines in the index were explored and demonstrated as a possible leading indicator of impending regime shifts. C1 [Vance, Leisha; Eason, Tarsha; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Cabezas.Heriberto@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX U.S. EPA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1350-4509 EI 1745-2627 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PD JAN 2 PY 2015 VL 22 IS 1 BP 64 EP 75 DI 10.1080/13504509.2014.978832 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA8GM UT WOS:000349155800007 ER PT J AU Kariisa, M Foraker, R Pennell, M Buckley, T Diaz, P Criner, GJ Wilkins, JR AF Kariisa, Mbabazi Foraker, Randi Pennell, Michael Buckley, Timothy Diaz, Philip Criner, Gerard J. Wilkins, J. R., III TI Short- and Long-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter on the Respiratory Health of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subjects SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE spirometry; COPD; air pollution; lung function ID EMPHYSEMA TREATMENT TRIAL; VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY; AIR-POLLUTION; NATIONAL EMPHYSEMA; EXPOSURE; QUESTIONNAIRE; PATHOGENESIS AB To date, no study has evaluated the short- and long-term effects air pollution exposure on emphysematous subjects who have undergone lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Data from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial study (1998-2003) included 1,218 subjects, aged 39 to 84. Daily values of ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mu m; PM2.5) and ozone were obtained. Mixed-effects models tested the association between short- and long-term pollutant concentrations and changes in pulmonary function. Cumulative air pollution exposure was strongly associated with worsened respiratory function and symptoms. Mean PM2.5 was associated with poorer lung function. Lagged exposures were poorly associated with respiratory health outcomes. There were detrimental respiratory and pulmonary effects observed in response to even low levels of ambient air pollutants among study participants. These results are indicative that exposures even below those of air quality standards may still pose significant risks to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects. C1 [Kariisa, Mbabazi; Foraker, Randi; Wilkins, J. R., III] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pennell, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Buckley, Timothy] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Diaz, Philip] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy Crit Care & Sleep Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Criner, Gerard J.] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Inflammat Translat & Clin Lung Res, Dept Med,Sect Pulm & Crit Care Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Kariisa, M (reprint author), Ohio Dept Hlth, Violence & Injury Prevent Program, Bur Hlth Ohio, 246 North High St, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM mbabazi.kariisa@odh.ohio.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 43 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1933-8244 EI 2154-4700 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD JAN 2 PY 2015 VL 70 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1080/19338244.2014.932753 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AW3OP UT WOS:000346196600008 PM 25136856 ER PT J AU Bostian, M Sinha, A Whittaker, G Barnhart, B AF Bostian, Moriah Sinha, Ankur Whittaker, Gerald Barnhart, Bradley GP IEEE TI Incorporating Data Envelopment Analysis Solution Methods into Bilevel Multi-Objective Optimization SO 2015 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC) SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY MAY 25-28, 2015 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP IEEE DE Bilevel multi-objective optimization; Data envelopment analysis; Bilevel evolutionary algorithm; Nitrogen pollution ID EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS; EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; DECISION-MAKING; MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; MODELS; DEA AB This study illustrates the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) solution methods in bilevel optimization problems. Here, we show that DEA and bilevel optimization can also be used together as part of an integrated solution framework. We work with a policy-oriented problem in which the regulator's multi-objective optimization problem at the upper level is constrained by the profit-maximizing decisions of individual firms at the lower level. Each firm's response to the policy is a prori unknown to the regulator, and depends on the underlying production technology. Rather than assuming a common production relationship across firms, DEA allows us to model each firm's response to the policy without imposing a functional form on the production technology. We use DEA to estimate the technology facing each producer, based on observed practices of other producers. Doing so endogenizes the cost of responding to prospective policies at the lower level, providing a more realistic solution set at the upper level. Our application addresses the design of a policy to reduce fertilizer runoff from agriculture, an important problem in environmental economics. We employ a multi-objective bilevel evolutionary algorithm to solve for the approximate optimal frontier. C1 [Bostian, Moriah] Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Econ, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [Sinha, Ankur] Indian Inst Management, Prod & Quantitat Methods, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India. [Whittaker, Gerald] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barnhart, Bradley] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bostian, M (reprint author), Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Econ, Portland, OR 97219 USA. EM mbbostian@lclark.edu; asinha@iimahd.ernet.in; whittakg@onid.orst.edu; bradleybarnhart@gmail.com NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7492-4 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2015 BP 1667 EP 1674 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF1YE UT WOS:000380444801092 ER PT B AU Jerrett, M Reid, CE McKone, TE Koutrakis, P AF Jerrett, Michael Reid, Colleen E. McKone, Thomas E. Koutrakis, Petros BE Kanaroglou, P Delmelle, E Paez, A TI Participatory and Ubiquitous Sensing for Exposure Assessment in Spatial Epidemiology SO SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN HEALTH GEOGRAPHY SE Geographies of Health LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION EXPOSURE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; LAND-USE REGRESSION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; COMMUNITY DESIGN; PARTICLE MONITOR; SATELLITE C1 [Jerrett, Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Jerrett, Michael; McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reid, Colleen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reid, Colleen E.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [McKone, Thomas E.] Soc Risk Anal, Mclean, VA USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Int Soc Exposure Sci, Herndon, VA USA. [Koutrakis, Petros] EPA Harvard Univ, Clean Air Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Koutrakis, Petros] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jerrett, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-47-241620-9; 978-1-47-241619-3 J9 GEOGR HEALTH PY 2015 BP 219 EP 239 PG 21 WC Geography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Geography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BG0RI UT WOS:000386481100013 ER PT B AU Andrew, JT AF Andrew, John T. BA Lassiter, A BF Lassiter, A TI Adapting California's Water Sector to a Changing Climate SO SUSTAINABLE WATER: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FROM CALIFORNIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Andrew, John T.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Climate Change Act, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Andrew, John T.] Stege Sanit Dist, El Cerrito, CA USA. [Andrew, John T.] CALFED Bay Delta Program, Sacramento, CA USA. [Andrew, John T.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Andrew, John T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Andrew, John T.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. RP Andrew, JT (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Climate Change Act, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-28535-4; 978-0-520-96087-9; 978-0-520-28536-1 PY 2015 BP 10 EP 31 PG 22 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Studies; Water Resources SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG0JU UT WOS:000386291200002 ER PT S AU Steeger, T Baris, R Moriarty, T Hart, C Hou, W AF Steeger, Thomas Baris, Reuben Moriarty, Thomas Hart, Connie Hou, Wayne BE Oomen, PA Pistorius, J TI Assessing risks of pesticides to bees: putting the science into context to inform regulatory decision making SO HAZARDS OF PESTICIDES TO BEES: 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF THE ICP-PR BEE PROTECTION GROUP SE Julius-Kuhn-Archiv LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group - Hazards of Pesticides to Bees CY SEP 15-17, 2014 CL Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn, Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Commiss Plant Protect Relat HO Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn ID DECLINES; EUROPE C1 [Steeger, Thomas; Baris, Reuben; Moriarty, Thomas] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hart, Connie; Hou, Wayne] Hlth Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agcy, Environm Assessment Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Steeger, T (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JULIUS KUHN-INST PI BERLIN PA BUNDESFORSCHUNGSINSTITUT FUR KULTURPFLANZEN, KONIGN-LUISE-STRABE 19, BERLIN, D-14195, GERMANY SN 1868-9892 BN 978-3-95547-022-7 J9 JULIUS-KUHN-ARCH JI Julius-Kuhn-Arch. PY 2015 VL 450 BP 8 EP 16 PG 9 WC Entomology; Toxicology SC Entomology; Toxicology GA BF4YW UT WOS:000381782400001 ER PT S AU Bakker, F Christl, H Coulson, M Dinter, A Giffard, H Hanewald, N Lewis, G Miles, M Pistorius, J van Praagh, J Randall, M Vergnet, C Hart, C Sandrock, C Steeger, T AF Bakker, Frank Christl, Heino Coulson, Mike Dinter, Axel Giffard, Herve Hanewald, Nicole Lewis, Gavin Miles, Mark Pistorius, Jens van Praagh, Job Randall, Marit Vergnet, Christine Hart, Connie Sandrock, Christoph Steeger, Thomas BE Oomen, PA Pistorius, J TI Semi-field and field testing on the honey bee working group SO HAZARDS OF PESTICIDES TO BEES: 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF THE ICP-PR BEE PROTECTION GROUP SE Julius-Kuhn-Archiv LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group - Hazards of Pesticides to Bees CY SEP 15-17, 2014 CL Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn, Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Commiss Plant Protect Relat HO Ghent Univ, Fac Bioscience Engn C1 [Bakker, Frank] Eurofins, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Christl, Heino] Tier, Leichlingen, Germany. [Coulson, Mike] Syngenta, Basel, Switzerland. [Dinter, Axel] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. [Giffard, Herve] Testapi, Gennes, France. [Hanewald, Nicole] BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Lewis, Gavin] JSC, Harrogate, N Yorkshire, England. [Miles, Mark] BCS, New Orleans, LA USA. [Pistorius, Jens] JKI, Quedlinburg, Germany. [van Praagh, Job] ICPPR, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Randall, Marit] Norwegian FSA, Oslo, Norway. [Vergnet, Christine] ANSES, Maisons Alfort, France. [Hart, Connie] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sandrock, Christoph] IES, Witterswil, Switzerland. [Steeger, Thomas] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bakker, F (reprint author), Eurofins, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JULIUS KUHN-INST PI BERLIN PA BUNDESFORSCHUNGSINSTITUT FUR KULTURPFLANZEN, KONIGN-LUISE-STRABE 19, BERLIN, D-14195, GERMANY SN 1868-9892 BN 978-3-95547-022-7 J9 JULIUS-KUHN-ARCH JI Julius-Kuhn-Arch. PY 2015 VL 450 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Entomology; Toxicology SC Entomology; Toxicology GA BF4YW UT WOS:000381782400025 ER PT S AU Humayun, M Divan, R Stan, L Rosenmann, D Gosztola, D Gundel, L Solomon, PA Paprotny, I AF Humayun, Md Divan, R. Stan, L. Rosenmann, D. Gosztola, D. Gundel, L. Solomon, P. A. Paprotny, I. GP IEEE TI Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube based Sensors for Distributed Methane Leak Detection SO 2015 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE SENSORS CY NOV 01-04, 2015 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Korean Sensors Soc AB This paper presents a highly sensitive, energy efficient and low-cost distributed methane (CH4) sensor system (DMSS) for continuous monitoring, detection and localization of CH4 leaks in natural gas infrastructure such as transmission and distribution pipelines, wells, and production pads. The CH4 sensing element, a key component of the DMSS, consists of a metal oxide functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mesh which, in comparison to existing literature, shows stronger relative resistance change while interacting with lower ppm concentreation of CH4. For the DMSS a Gaussian plume triangulation algorithm has been developed, which, given a geometric model of the surrounding environment, can precisely detect and localize a CH4 leak as well as estimate its mass flow rate. C1 [Humayun, Md; Paprotny, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Divan, R.; Stan, L.; Rosenmann, D.; Gosztola, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gundel, L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Solomon, P. A.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89199 USA. RP Humayun, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM paprotny@uic.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4799-8203-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2015 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WO UT WOS:000380440800046 ER PT S AU Mahdavipour, O Mueller-Sim, T Fahimi, D Croshere, S Pillatsch, P Merukh, J Baruffa, VZ Sabino, J Tran, K Alanis, G Solomon, P Wright, P White, RM Gundel, L Paprotny, I AF Mahdavipour, Omid Mueller-Sim, Timothy Fahimi, Dorsa Croshere, Skot Pillatsch, Pit Merukh, Jusuf Baruffa, Valentino Zegna Sabino, John Tran, Koji Alanis, Giovanni Solomon, Paul Wright, Paul White, Richard M. Gundel, Lara Paprotny, Igor GP IEEE TI Wireless Sensors for Automated Control of Total Incombustible Content (TIC) of Dust Deposited in Underground Coal Mines SO 2015 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE SENSORS CY NOV 01-04, 2015 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Korean Sensors Soc DE Float Dust; Wireless Sensor Networks; Total Incombustible Content AB This paper presents ongoing research towards a low-cost/low-power wirelessly enabled distributed sensing system that can be placed throughout underground coal mines to potentially measure the total incombustible content (TIC) of the deposited dust. Underground coal mining operations produce finely divided coal dust, called float dust, which deposits throughout the mine. This combustible material can be feedstock for coal dust explosions. In the U.S., Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) standard 23789 dictates that a TIC of 80% or above has to be maintained in coal mine return airways. However, current best practices for collection TIC measurements involve manual sampling and laboratory procedures. In this work, we describe work towards developing a new wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of low-cost/low-power sensor modules that use a variety of optical and microfabricated sensors to continuously monitor the TIC of the accumulated dust. The information is then transmitted off-board through a reliable ad-hoc wireless network. Called Sensors for Automated Control of Coal Dust (SACCD), this system can potentially, for example, be used to automate the control of rock-dusting equipment to maintain TIC at acceptable levels. C1 [Mahdavipour, Omid; Mueller-Sim, Timothy; Fahimi, Dorsa; Baruffa, Valentino Zegna; Sabino, John; Tran, Koji; Alanis, Giovanni; Paprotny, Igor] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Croshere, Skot; Pillatsch, Pit; Merukh, Jusuf; Wright, Paul; White, Richard M.] Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA USA. [Solomon, Paul] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Gundel, Lara] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Mahdavipour, O (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM paprotny@uic.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4799-8203-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2015 BP 703 EP 706 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WO UT WOS:000380440800187 ER PT J AU Bolt, MD AF Bolt, M. D. BE Yang, C Clarke, K Yuan, M Yu, M Li, M Guan, W Sun, M Huang, B TI Visualizing Water Quality Sampling-Events in Florida SO ISPRS International Workshop on Spatiotemporal Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS International Workshop on Spatiotemporal Computing CY JUL 13-15, 2015 CL Fairfax, VA DE Water Quality; Visualization; Florida; R; GIS; Spatiotemporal; Communication AB Water quality sampling in Florida is acknowledged to be spatially and temporally variable. The rotational monitoring program that was created to capture data within the state's thousands of miles of coastline and streams, and millions of acres of lakes, reservoirs, and ponds may be partly responsible for inducing the variability as an artifact. Florida's new dissolved-oxygen-standard methodology will require more data to calculate a percent saturation. This additional data requirement's impact can be seen when the new methodology is applied retrospectively to the historical collection. To understand how, where, and when the methodological change could alter the environmental quality narrative of state waters requires addressing induced bias from prior sampling events and behaviors. Here stream and coastal water quality data is explored through several modalities to maximize understanding and communication of the spatiotemporal relationships. Previous methodology and expected-retrospective calculations outside the regulatory framework are found to be significantly different, but dependent on the spatiotemporal perspective. Data visualization is leveraged to demonstrate these differences, their potential impacts on environmental narratives, and to direct further review and analysis. C1 [Bolt, M. D.] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Sam Nunn Atlanta Fed Ctr, 61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Bolt, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Sam Nunn Atlanta Fed Ctr, 61 Forsyth St SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM bolt.matthew@epa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY PY 2015 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.5194/isprsannals-II-4-W2-73-2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF3IZ UT WOS:000380547600031 ER PT J AU Arunachalam, S Brantley, H Barzyk, TM Hagler, G Isakov, V Kimbrough, ES Naess, B Rice, N Snyder, MG Talgo, K Venkatram, A AF Arunachalam, Saravanan Brantley, Halley Barzyk, Timothy M. Hagler, Gayle Isakov, Vlad Kimbrough, Evelyn S. Naess, Brian Rice, Nathan Snyder, Michelle G. Talgo, Kevin Venkatram, Akula TI Assessment of port-related air quality impacts: geographic analysis of population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE port; emissions; air quality; dispersion; GIS; cargo; freight; trucks; near source; near port; population exposure ID HEALTH AB Increased global trade has led to greater transportation by rail, road and ships to move cargo. Based upon multiple near-road and near-source monitoring studies, the busy roadways and large emission sources at ports may impact local air quality within several hundred metres of the ports. Health effects have been associated with near-road exposures and proximity to large emission sources, so characterising emission sources is important for understanding potential health effects. To address this need, we have developed a new community-scale tool called C-PORT to model emissions related to all port-area activities and predict concentrations of multiple criteria and hazardous air pollutants at fine spatial scales in the near-source environment. We present a geographical information system analysis of areas surrounding five US ports (Ports of New York and New Jersey, Virginia, Savannah, Miami, and Houston) to determine potential sources of concern related to freight transport and demographics of the near-source population that could be affected. C1 [Arunachalam, Saravanan; Naess, Brian; Snyder, Michelle G.; Talgo, Kevin] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Environm, Campus Box 1105 27599-1105,100 Europa Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Brantley, Halley; Kimbrough, Evelyn S.] US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Characterizat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barzyk, Timothy M.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hagler, Gayle] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rice, Nathan] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Informat Technol Serv Res Comp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Venkatram, Akula] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Arunachalam, S (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Environm, Campus Box 1105 27599-1105,100 Europa Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM sarav@email.unc.edu; brantley.halley@epa.gov; Barzyk.Timothy@epa.gov; Hagler.Gayle@epa.gov; Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov; Kimbrough.Sue@epa.gov; naess@unc.edu; Nathan_rice@unc.edu; mgs3584@email.unc.edu; talgo@email.unc.edu; venky@engr.ucr.edu OI Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 EI 1741-5101 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2015 VL 58 IS 4 SI SI BP 231 EP 250 DI 10.1504/IJEP.2015.077455 PN 3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ5AL UT WOS:000379216700002 ER PT B AU Shadbegian, RJ Wolverton, A AF Shadbegian, Ronald J. Wolverton, Ann BE Konisky, DM TI Evaluating Environmental Justice: Analytic Lessons from the Academic Literature and in Practice SO FAILED PROMISES: EVALUATING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE SE American and Comparative Environmental Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TOXIC RELEASES; AIR TOXICS; EQUITY; RISK; DEMOGRAPHICS; INEQUITIES; ENFORCEMENT; PERFORMANCE; DISPARITIES C1 [Shadbegian, Ronald J.] US EPA, NCEE, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Shadbegian, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, NCEE, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Shadbegian.ron@epa.gov; Wolverton.ann@epa.gov NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-52735-4; 978-0-262-02883-7 J9 AM COMP ENVIRON POLI PY 2015 BP 117 EP 142 D2 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028837.001.0001 PG 26 WC Environmental Studies; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BE8GM UT WOS:000376451800007 ER PT J AU Ghio, A Soukup, J Dailey, L Kesic, MJ Cohen, MD AF Ghio, A. Soukup, J. Dailey, L. Kesic, M. J. Cohen, M. D. TI Iron Diminishes The In Vitro Biological Effect Of Vanadium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Ghio, A.; Soukup, J.; Dailey, L.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kesic, M. J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cohen, M. D.] NYU, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A3214 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582803489 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Kehrl, H Hazucha, M Rappold, A Devlin, RB Diaz-Sanchez, D AF Kim, C. S. Kehrl, H. Hazucha, M. Rappold, A. Devlin, R. B. Diaz-Sanchez, D. TI Variability Of Pulmonary Function Response To 6.6 Hour Exposure To Low Concentration Ozone During Moderate Exercise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Kim, C. S.; Kehrl, H.; Rappold, A.; Devlin, R. B.; Diaz-Sanchez, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hazucha, M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A5242 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582807062 ER PT J AU Soukup, JM Dailey, L Kesic, MJ Tong, H Ghio, A AF Soukup, J. M. Dailey, L. Kesic, M. J. Tong, H. Ghio, A. TI Wood Smoke Particles Sequester Mitochondrial Iron To Impact A Biological Effect SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Soukup, J. M.; Dailey, L.; Tong, H.; Ghio, A.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kesic, M. J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A4034 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582805093 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Hotten, D Birukova, A Volker, E Ghio, AJ Noble, PW Kraft, M Hollingsworth, JW Gunn, MD Tighe, RM AF Yu, Y. Hotten, D. Birukova, A. Volker, E. Ghio, A. J. Noble, P. W. Kraft, M. Hollingsworth, J. W. Gunn, M. D. Tighe, R. M. TI Flow Cytometry Of Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid And Lung Tissue Identifies Interstitial Macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society (ATS) CY MAY 15-20, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Thorac Soc C1 [Yu, Y.; Hotten, D.; Birukova, A.; Volker, E.; Kraft, M.; Gunn, M. D.; Tighe, R. M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Ghio, A. J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Noble, P. W.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Hollingsworth, J. W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2015 VL 191 MA A1301 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DO2AW UT WOS:000377582800300 ER PT S AU Briskin, JS Yohannes, L AF Briskin, J. S. Yohannes, L. BE Drogos, DL TI Overview of US EPA's Study of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water Resources SO HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES C1 [Briskin, J. S.; Yohannes, L.] US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8104R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Briskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8104R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Briskin.jeanne@epa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3122-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1216 BP 197 EP 203 D2 10.1021/bk-2015-1216 PG 7 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE5KI UT WOS:000372944300009 ER PT B AU Xi, W Ottinger, RL Robinson, NA Butzel, AK Wieder, ME Parker, JL Rucinski, TL Valova, RR Wang, PP AF Xi, Wang Ottinger, Richard L. Robinson, Nicholas A. Butzel, Albert K. Wieder, Marla E. Parker, John Louis Rucinski, Taryn L. Valova, Radina R. Wang Pianpian BE Martin, P Kennedy, A TI Assessing environmental governance of the Hudson River Valley: application of an IPPEP model SO IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW SE IUCN Academy of Environmental Law Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Xi, Wang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Nat Resources Law Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Ottinger, Richard L.] IUCN World Commiss Environm Law, Energy & Climate Comm, London, England. [Robinson, Nicholas A.] Pace Univ, Environm, New York, NY USA. [Robinson, Nicholas A.] Pace Univ, Environm Law, New York, NY USA. [Robinson, Nicholas A.] IUCN, New York, NY USA. [Butzel, Albert K.] Albert K Butzel Law Off, New York, NY USA. [Wieder, Marla E.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Parker, John Louis] NY Dept Environm Conservat, Washington, DC USA. [Rucinski, Taryn L.] Pace Univ, Sch Law, Law, New York, NY USA. RP Xi, W (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Nat Resources Law Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78347-931-3; 978-1-78347-929-0 J9 IUCN ACAD ENVIR LAW PY 2015 BP 50 EP 68 D2 10.4337/9781783479313 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA BE5DZ UT WOS:000372628400003 ER PT J AU Ridley, CE Mallory-Smith, C AF Ridley, Caroline E. Mallory-Smith, Carol BE Quinn, LD Matlaga, DP Barney, JN TI Gene Flow and Invasiveness in Bioenergy Systems SO BIOENERGY AND BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: ECOLOGICAL, AGRONOMIC, AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES ON MINIMIZING RISK SE CABI Invasives Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JATROPHA-CURCAS L.; CANOLA BRASSICA-NAPUS; CALIFORNIA WILD RADISH; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; GM OILSEED RAPE; CAMELINA-SATIVA; WIND-POLLINATION; TRANSGENIC CROPS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; WESTERN CANADA AB Gene flow between crops and their wild or weedy relatives can result in the establishment of hybrid populations outside of cultivation. Here, we examine the potential for gene flow between several emerging bioenergy feedstocks and their compatible relatives, and the factors that affect the magnitude and frequency of gene exchange. We also explore the potential that gene flow could lead to the escape of transgenes or invasion by resulting populations. A limited amount of information suggests that the potential for gene flow and invasion are low for jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and relatively greater for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) where these crops are currently being cultivated. Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) likely falls somewhere in between these two species. Canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.), a widely-grown crop already being used as a source of bioenergy, is a well-studied system in which weedy populations with crop ancestry have been found and transgenes have been detected outside of cultivation. From this case study, we suggest that both a Best Management Plan should be developed to limit gene flow between emerging bioenergy feedstocks and wild or weedy relatives, and a Mitigation Plan should be in place to address unintended release of transgenes and appearance of potentially invasive populations. C1 [Ridley, Caroline E.] US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,William Jefferson Clinton Bldg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mallory-Smith, Carol] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ridley, CE (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,William Jefferson Clinton Bldg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM ridley.caroline@epa.gov; carol.mallory-smith@oregonstate.edu NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78064-330-4 J9 CABI INVASIVE SER PY 2015 VL 5 BP 52 EP 66 D2 10.1079/9781780643304.0000 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE6SD UT WOS:000374698700004 ER PT J AU Tirado, MC Amadeo, A Chena, K Mascarenas, A AF Tirado, M. C. Amadeo, A. Chena, K. Mascarenas, A. TI Climate smart nutrition: Co-benefits of nutrition-sensitive climate mitigation and adaptation SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tirado, M. C.; Amadeo, A.; Chena, K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Tirado, M. C.] Int Union Nutr Sci Task Force Climate & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. [Mascarenas, A.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 EI 1421-9697 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2015 VL 67 SU 1 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA DK5VM UT WOS:000374988800030 ER PT S AU Hollingsworth, JW Nadadur, SS AF Hollingsworth, John W. Nadadur, Srikanth S. BE Nadadur, SS Hollingsworth, JW TI Air Pollution and Health Effects Preface SO AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; STATEMENT C1 [Hollingsworth, John W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm Allergy Crit Care & Sleep Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nadadur, Srikanth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm Allergy Crit Care & Sleep Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-1-4471-6669-6; 978-1-4471-6668-9 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP V EP VII D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE5XX UT WOS:000373624200001 ER PT S AU Mudipalli, A AF Mudipalli, Anuradha BE Nadadur, SS Hollingsworth, JW TI Airborne Carcinogens: Mechanisms of Cancer SO AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; BENZENE-EXPOSED WORKERS; EXPERIMENTAL MULTIPOTENTIAL CARCINOGEN; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE 3; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE C1 [Mudipalli, Anuradha] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mudipalli, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Mudipalli.anu@epa.gov NR 216 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-1-4471-6669-6; 978-1-4471-6668-9 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 151 EP 184 DI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6 PG 34 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE5XX UT WOS:000373624200007 ER PT S AU Sacks, JD Fann, N Owens, EO Costa, DL AF Sacks, Jason D. Fann, Neal Owens, Elizabeth Oesterling Costa, Daniel L. BE Nadadur, SS Hollingsworth, JW TI Using Science to Shape Policy SO AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LIFE EXPECTANCY; GLOBAL BURDEN; HEALTH BURDEN; MATTER; MORTALITY; OZONE; ASSOCIATION C1 [Sacks, Jason D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Owens, Elizabeth Oesterling] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fann, Neal] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sacks, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sacks.jason@epa.gov; fann.neal@epa.gov; owens.beth@epa.gov; costa.dan@epa.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-1-4471-6669-6; 978-1-4471-6668-9 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 403 EP 436 DI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6 PG 34 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE5XX UT WOS:000373624200016 ER PT S AU Dewan, N Majestic, BJ Ketterer, ME Miller-Schulze, JP Shafer, MM Schauer, JJ Solomon, PA Artamonova, M Chen, BB Imashev, SA Carmichael, GR AF Dewan, Nitika Majestic, Brian J. Ketterer, Michael E. Miller-Schulze, Justin P. Shafer, Martin M. Schauer, James J. Solomon, Paul A. Artamonova, Maria Chen, Boris B. Imashev, Sanjar A. Carmichael, Gregory R. BE Evans, KR RobertsKirchhoff, ES Benvenuto, MA Lanigan, KC RihanaAbdallah, A TI Tracing Dust Sources Using Stable Lead and Strontium Isotopes in Central Asia SO TRACE MATERIALS IN AIR, SOIL, AND WATER SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trace Materials in Air, Soil, and Water at the 249th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY MAR 22-26, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; DEPOSITION; AEROSOLS; TRACERS; PB; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; POLLUTION; METALS; FRANCE AB From 1960 to 2014, the Aral Sea's surface area has receded about 90% in size from 68,000 km(2) to 8,444 km(2). Consequently, newly exposed sediments are resuspended by the wind and are now a source of atmospheric particulate matter in Central Asia, which may have an impact on human health and climate. In this study, strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) stable isotopic ratios, along with other elemental compositions, are used to determine if the Aral Sea sediments are an important source of air pollution to Central Asia. Ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 mu m (PM10) samples were collected every other day and included dust and non-dust events at the Bishkek and LIDAR (in Teploklyuchenka) in Kyrgyzstan. Soil samples also were collected in the vicinity of the air sampling sites, resuspended, and sized as PM10 for chemical analysis. The average Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio for the Aral Sea sediments was 0.70992 (range, 0.70951 - 0.71064), which is less radiogenic than the surface soils in Kyrgyzstan showing an average ratio of 0.71579 (range, 0.71448 - 0.71739). In contrast, the airborne PM10 collected in Kyrgyzstan had an average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.71177 (range, 0.70946 - 0.71335), which is between the two ratios, indicating a possible mixture of sources. However, no differences in Sr ratios were observed between dust and non-dust events, which implies that the impact of Aral Sea sediments on the sampling sites is minimal. The element enrichment factors and stable Pb isotope ratios are employed to further understand the source of PM10 to. Airborne PM10 are characterized by enrichments in elements like As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn at both sampling sites. The mean (K/Pb) ratio for aerosols is similar to 45 and for soils is similar to 800, which suggest that the aerosols contain a significant fraction of anthropogenic source of airborne Pb in Kyrgyzstan. Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios are higher for aerosols compared to the Kyrgyzstan soils and Aral Sea sediments also suggesting that Pb is most likely present due to anthropogenic sources. C1 [Dewan, Nitika; Majestic, Brian J.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ketterer, Michael E.] Metropolitan State Univ Denver, Dept Chem, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Miller-Schulze, Justin P.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Chem, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Shafer, Martin M.; Schauer, James J.] Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Shafer, Martin M.; Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Artamonova, Maria] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 109017, Russia. [Chen, Boris B.; Imashev, Sanjar A.] Kyrgyz Russian Slav Univ, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Majestic, BJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM brian.majestic@du.edu RI Imashev, Sanjar/I-7667-2016 OI Imashev, Sanjar/0000-0003-3293-3764 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3110-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1210 BP 79 EP 98 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE3SA UT WOS:000371198800004 ER PT S AU Wheeler, WJ AF Wheeler, William J. BE Johnston, RJ Rolfe, J Rosenberger, RS Brouwer, R TI Benefit Transfer for Water Quality Regulatory Rulemaking in the United States SO BENEFIT TRANSFER OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE VALUES: A GUIDE FOR RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS SE Economics of Non-Market Goods and Resources LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Water quality valuation; Regulatory impact analysis; Benefit transfer ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; IMPROVEMENTS; METAANALYSIS; VALUATION AB This chapter describes the use of benefit transfer in Regulatory Impact Analyses for surface water quality regulations at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It begins by explaining the regulatory framework at the EPA and existing guidance on the use of benefit transfer. It then describes how benefit transfer has been applied in practice for water quality RIAs and how that practice has changed over time: from the use of unit value transfers to more sophisticated function and meta-analytic transfers. The chapter concludes with observations about the practical application of benefit transfer methods at the EPA and how this practice diverges from the academic literature. C1 [Wheeler, William J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wheeler, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Wheeler.william@epa.gov NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-487X BN 978-94-017-9930-0; 978-94-017-9929-4 J9 ECON NON-MARK GOOD PY 2015 VL 14 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-9930-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-9930-0 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE1PO UT WOS:000368358100007 ER PT S AU Luo, PP Apip He, B Takara, K Duan, WL Hu, MC Nover, D AF Luo, Pingping Apip He, Bin Takara, Kaoru Duan, Weili Hu, Maochuan Nover, Daniel BE Li, J Yang, X TI Modelling Shallow Landslide Risk Using GIS and a Distributed Hydro-geotechnical Model SO MONITORING AND MODELING OF GLOBAL CHANGES: A GEOMATICS PERSPECTIVE SE Springer Remote Sensing Photogrammetry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE GIS; Distributed hydro-geotechnical model; Shallow landslide risk; Probability; Kyushu Island ID PHYSICALLY-BASED MODEL; HAZARD; SCALE AB GIS and distributed hydrological models are important tools for shallow landslide prediction, particularly as such disasters are exacerbated by global change driven changes in precipitation regimes. The main objective of this chapter is to outline a detailed methodology for shallow landslide risk assessment using GIS and a hydrological model. We have developed a method to assess shallow landslide risk using GIS tools and a distributed hydrological model and further used this method to analyze the probability of shallow landslides in a case study. The physically based distributed landslide model was developed by integrating a grid-based distributed kinematic wave rainfall-runoff model combined with an infinite slope stability module. Application of the model to assess shallow landslide risk using rainfall data for Kyushu Island shows that the model can successfully predict the effect of rainfall distribution and intensity on the driving variables that trigger shallow landslides. The modeling system has broad applicability for shallow landslide prediction and warning. C1 [Luo, Pingping] United Nations Univ, Inst Adv Study Sustainabil UNU IAS, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Luo, Pingping; Takara, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. [Apip] Indonesian Inst Sci LIPI, Limnol Res Ctr, Cibinong, Indonesia. [He, Bin; Duan, Weili] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hu, Maochuan] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Earth Resources Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158530, Japan. [Nover, Daniel] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Luo, PP (reprint author), United Nations Univ, Inst Adv Study Sustainabil UNU IAS, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. EM luoping198121@gmail.com; apip@limnologi.lipi.go.id; hebin@niglas.ac.cn; takara.kaoru.7v@kyoto-u.ac.jp; wlduan@nislas.ac.cn; hu-maochuan@163.com; dmnover@gmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2198-0721 BN 978-94-017-9813-6; 978-94-017-9812-9 J9 SPRING REMOTE SENS P PY 2015 BP 221 EP 240 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-9813-6_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-9813-6 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BE0OH UT WOS:000366486500012 ER PT B AU Cascio, WE AF Cascio, Wayne E. BE Wang, H Patterson, C Pratico, D Jain, MK Yang, X Sibinga, NES Feinberg, MW TI LIFE STYLE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS: RISKS, MECHANISMS, AND THERAPIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MATTER AIR-POLLUTION; HEINZ NIXDORF RECALL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TOBACCO-SMOKE C1 [Cascio, Wayne E.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Cascio, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-82853-3; 978-1-118-28591-6 PY 2015 BP 93 EP 103 D2 10.1002/9781118828533 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BE2JJ UT WOS:000369411200010 ER PT S AU Perkins, E Garcia-Reyero, N Edwards, S Wittwehr, C Villeneuve, D Lyons, D Ankley, G AF Perkins, Edward Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Edwards, Stephen Wittwehr, Clemens Villeneuve, Daniel Lyons, David Ankley, Gerald BE Hoeng, J Peitsch, MC TI The Adverse Outcome Pathway: A Conceptual Framework to Support Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-First Century SO COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY SE Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Predictive toxicology; Ecotoxicology; Key events; Computational biology; Network science; Risk assessment ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HUMAN RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; EARLY FISH DEVELOPMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FATHEAD MINNOW; CANCER MODE; NETWORK INFERENCE; THYROID-HORMONE; IPCS FRAMEWORK AB The need to rapidly characterize the risk of large numbers of chemicals has moved the traditional toxicological paradigm from animal testing to a pathway-based approach using in vitro assay systems and modeling where possible. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) provide a conceptual framework that can be used to link in vitro assay results to whole animal effects in a pathway context. AOPs are defined and examples are provided to demonstrate key characteristics of AOPs. To support development and application of AOPs, a knowledge base has been developed containing a Wiki site designed to permit documentation of AOPs in a crowd-sourced manner. Both empirical and computational methods are demonstrated to play a significant role in AOP development. The combination of computational approaches, including different modeling efforts, together with apical end points within the pathway-based framework will allow for a better understanding of the linkage of events from a molecular initiating event to a potential adverse outcome, therefore defi ning key events, AOPs, and even networks of AOPS. While these approaches are indeed very promising, the ability to understand and defi ne key events and key event relationships will remain one of the more complex and challenging efforts within AOP development. In order to make AOPs useful for risk assessment these challenges need to be understood and overcome. An interdisciplinary approach including apical and molecular measurements, computational, and modeling efforts is currently being one of the most promising approaches to ensure AOPs become the useful framework they were designed to be. C1 [Perkins, Edward] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS USA. [Edwards, Stephen; Lyons, David] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wittwehr, Clemens] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Syst Toxicol Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Villeneuve, Daniel; Ankley, Gerald] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Perkins, E (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RI Lyons, David/G-3459-2011 OI Lyons, David/0000-0002-2966-5634 NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1557-2153 BN 978-1-4939-2778-4; 978-1-4939-2777-7 J9 METHOD PHARMACOL TOX JI Methods Pharmacol. Toxicol. PY 2015 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2778-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2778-4 PG 26 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE1QP UT WOS:000368400200002 ER PT S AU Fowle, JR AF Fowle, John Jack R., III BE Levy, IJ Middlecamp, CH TI Harnessing Advances in Biology and Computing To Advance Chemistry: A Regulatory Toxicology Perspective SO TEACHING AND LEARNING ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustain-Mix: Sustainabily across the Society / 248th American-Chemical-Society Meeting and Exposition CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ HO Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ ID RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Continuing advances in high speed computing and in the understanding of the biological basis of life have enabled a systems approach to assess chemical toxicity. They provide a promise to more efficiently evaluate risk potential after chemical exposure to humans and the environment, and they also provide a promise to design sustainable chemicals and chemical products. Building on the National Research Council's 2007 report "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy" this chapter presents an overview of the multidisciplinary approaches being developed to integrate science across enabling technologies to develop a mechanistic understanding of toxicology and to use this emerging understanding to predict adverse outcomes. National and international efforts to develop a new paradigm for risk assessment will be mentioned in the context of safe food and drugs, sustainable "green" chemistry, human health and environmental protection. C1 [Fowle, John Jack R., III] Sci Inform LLC, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. [Fowle, John Jack R., III] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Fowle, JR (reprint author), Sci Inform LLC, 155 Terrells Mtn, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. EM jackfowle@aol.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3104-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1205 BP 37 EP 58 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE1OS UT WOS:000368305400004 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Zeckoski, RW Arnold, JG Baffaut, CB Malone, RW Daggupati, P Guzman, JA Saraswat, D Yuan, Y Wilson, BW Shirmohammadi, A Douglas-Mankin, KR AF Moriasi, D. N. Zeckoski, R. W. Arnold, J. G. Baffaut, C. B. Malone, R. W. Daggupati, P. Guzman, J. A. Saraswat, D. Yuan, Y. Wilson, B. W. Shirmohammadi, A. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. TI HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELS: KEY CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION TOPICS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE ASABE; Calibration; Guidelines; Hydrologic models; Recommendations; Synthesis; Validation ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; UNCERTAINTY; PERFORMANCE; SOIL; METHODOLOGY; GUIDELINES; SCIENCE AB As a continuation of efforts to provide a common background and platform for development of calibration and validation (C/V) guidelines for hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) modeling, ASABE members worked to determine critical topics related to model C/V, perform a synthesis of a previously published special collection of articles and other relevant literature, and provide topic-specific recommendations based on the synthesis as well as personal modeling expertise. This article introduces a special collection of nine research articles covering key topics related to calibration and validation of H/WQ models. The topics include: terminology, hydrologic processes and model representation, spatial and temporal scales, model parameterization, C/V strategies, sensitivity, uncertainty, performance measures and criteria, and documentation and reporting. The main objective of this introductory article is to introduce and summarize key aspects of these topics, including recommendations. Individually, the articles provide model practitioners with detailed topic-specific recommendations related to model calibration, validation, and use. Collectively, the articles present recommendations to enhance H/WQ modeling. C1 [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Zeckoski, R. W.] Zeckoski Engn, Charlotte, NC USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. [Baffaut, C. B.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Daggupati, P.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agrilife Res, College Stn, TX USA. [Guzman, J. A.] Waterborne Environm Inc, Champaign, IL USA. [Saraswat, D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL ESD Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Wilson, B. W.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. [Shirmohammadi, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shirmohammadi, A.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Agr Expt Stn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Everglades Program Team, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov RI Daggupati, Prasad/D-8886-2017 OI Daggupati, Prasad/0000-0002-7044-3435 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2015 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1609 EP 1618 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DB2MC UT WOS:000368341900016 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Khare, Y Wang, X Parajuli, PB Kisekka, I Finsterle, S AF Yuan, Y. Khare, Y. Wang, X. Parajuli, P. B. Kisekka, I. Finsterle, S. TI HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELS: SENSITIVITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic and water quality modeling; One-at-a-time; Parameters; Sensitivity analysis; Sensitivity measures; Sensitivity methods ID MIKE-SHE MODEL; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; GLOBAL SENSITIVITY; SWAT MODEL; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES; SIMULATION-MODELS; PARAMETER SENSITIVITY; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; GLUE METHODOLOGY; INPUT VARIABLES AB This article is part of a collection of articles that provides a comprehensive description of hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) model calibration and validation concepts and processes. Sensitivity analysis (SA), which is often used to quantify the strength of relationships between model inputs and outputs, is an essential evaluation of any kind of modeling. SA is crucial in H/WQ models due to various aspects involved in H/WQ modeling processes, such as empiricism, spatiotemporal scales, and complexity, that require an assessment of parameters' influence on the model's prediction. This study synthesized SA applications for 25 H/WQ models in the special collection on model use, calibration, and validation published in 2012 and provides guidance on their future applications. Commonly used SA methods are summarized along with tools to implement them. While SA was not employed for all 25 models in the special collection, a wide range of SA methods (from partial derivatives to variance-based global methods) and sensitivity measures (from scatter plots to variance decomposition measures) were used in the literature. Some model parameters were found to be important in most sensitivity applications performed for the models; however, their relative importance varied from study to study, underscoring the necessity of SA for every new model application. Nevertheless, summarizing important model parameters can still serve as a starting point for model users. Since most studies concentrated on model parameters alone; future SA applications in H/WQ modeling should also consider other inputs (climate data, boundary conditions, etc.) and non-parametric aspects, such as features and processes considered in the model. C1 [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL ESD Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Khare, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Wang, X.] Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Parajuli, P. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kisekka, I.] Kansas State Univ, Southwest Area Extens, Garden City, KS USA. [Finsterle, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), POB 93478,944 East Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 161 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2015 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1744 PG 24 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DB2MC UT WOS:000368341900022 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Pavlisko, EN Roggli, VL AF Ghio, Andrew J. Pavlisko, Elizabeth N. Roggli, Victor L. TI Iron and Iron-Related Proteins in Asbestosis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asbestos; asbestosis; iron; divalent metal transporter 1; ferritin; metal transport protein 1 ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LUNG-TISSUE; PATHOGENESIS; TRANSPORTER; EXPRESSION; GENERATION; INCREASES; CLONING; UPDATE; FE3+ AB We tested the postulate that iron homeostasis is altered among patients diagnosed to have asbestosis. Lung tissue from six individuals diagnosed to have had asbestosis at autopsy was stained for iron, ferritin, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferroportin 1 (FPN1). Slides from six individuals having pneumonectomy for lung cancer were employed as controls. Lung tissue from those patients with asbestosis demonstrated stainable iron, whereas control lung tissue did not. Staining for this metal was observed predominantly in airway and alveolar macrophages. Expression of the iron-related proteins ferritin, DMT1, and FPN1 was elevated in lung tissue from the six asbestosis patients relative to controls. This increased expression of iron-transport and iron-storage proteins was evident in both airway and alveolar epithelial cells. Asbestos bodies were abundant in lung tissue from patients diagnosed to have had asbestosis. While staining for iron, ferruginous bodies did not demonstrate uptake of antibodies for ferritin. DMT1. and FPN1. We conclude that iron homeostasis is altered in lung disease among those diagnosed to have asbestosis with an accumulation of the metal and a modified expression of iron-related proteins being evident. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This investigation was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This report has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 0731-8898 EI 2162-6537 J9 J ENVIRON PATHOL TOX JI J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2015013397 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA DB3BM UT WOS:000368384600001 PM 26756421 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Heckl, I Bertok, B Friedler, F AF Cabezas, Heriberto Heckl, Istvan Bertok, Botond Friedler, Ferenc TI Use the P-graph Framework to Design Supply Chains for Sustainability SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNCERTAINTY C1 [Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Cabezas, Heriberto; Heckl, Istvan; Bertok, Botond; Friedler, Ferenc] Univ Pannonia, Pannonia, Hungary. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 EI 1945-0710 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 111 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA DA5TI UT WOS:000367865100016 ER PT J AU Yu, F Luo, G Pryor, SC Pillai, PR Lee, SH Ortega, J Schwab, JJ Hallar, AG Leaitch, WR Aneja, VP Smith, JN Walker, JT Hogrefe, O Demerjian, KL AF Yu, F. Luo, G. Pryor, S. C. Pillai, P. R. Lee, S. H. Ortega, J. Schwab, J. J. Hallar, A. G. Leaitch, W. R. Aneja, V. P. Smith, J. N. Walker, J. T. Hogrefe, O. Demerjian, K. L. TI Spring and summer contrast in new particle formation over nine forest areas in North America SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; NUCLEATION; MODEL; GROWTH; RATES; ACID; UNCERTAINTY AB Recent laboratory chamber studies indicate a significant role for highly oxidized low-volatility organics in new particle formation (NPF), but the actual role of these highly oxidized low-volatility organics in atmospheric NPF remains uncertain. Here, particle size distributions (PSDs) measured in nine forest areas in North America are used to characterize the occurrence and intensity of NPF and to evaluate model simulations using an empirical formulation in which formation rate is a function of the concentrations of sulfuric acid and low-volatility organics from alpha-pinene oxidation (Nucl-Org), and using an ion-mediated nucleation mechanism (excluding organics) (Nucl-IMN). On average, NPF occurred on similar to 70% of days during March for the four forest sites with springtime PSD measurements, while NPF occurred on only similar to 10% of days in July for all nine forest sites. Both Nucl-Org and Nucl-IMN schemes capture the observed high frequency of NPF in spring, but the Nucl-Org scheme significantly overpredicts while the Nucl-IMN scheme slightly underpredicts NPF and particle number concentrations in summer. Statistical analyses of observed and simulated ultrafine particle number concentrations and frequency of NPF events indicate that the scheme without organics agrees better overall with observations. The two schemes predict quite different nucleation rates (including their spatial patterns), concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei, and aerosol first indirect radiative forcing in North America, highlighting the need to reduce NPF uncertainties in regional and global earth system models. C1 [Yu, F.; Luo, G.; Schwab, J. J.; Hogrefe, O.; Demerjian, K. L.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Luo, G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pryor, S. C.; Aneja, V. P.; Walker, J. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, S. H.] Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Ortega, J.; Smith, J. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hallar, A. G.] Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO 80488 USA. [Leaitch, W. R.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Smith, J. N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Walker, J. T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Yu, F (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM fyu@albany.edu RI Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; OI Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Pryor, S.C./0000-0003-4847-3440 FU NASA [NNX13AK20G, NNX11AQ72G]; US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF [1517365]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0011664]; NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program FX This study was supported by NASA under grants NNX13AK20G and NNX11AQ72G, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF). S. C. Pryor acknowledges financial support from NSF (no. 1517365). J. J. Schwab acknowledges funding from the US Department of Energy, contract DE-SC0011664. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the US National Science Foundation. The Steamboat Ski Resort provided logistical support and in-kind donations to Storm Peak Laboratory. The Desert Research Institute, which owns and operates Storm Peak Laboratory, is a permittee of the Medicine-Bow Routt National Forests and is an equal opportunity service provider and employer. Ian McCubbin provided technical assistance with the maintenance and data quality control for the aerosol instruments at SPL, and we are grateful. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 24 BP 13993 EP 14003 DI 10.5194/acp-15-13993-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YE UT WOS:000367384200009 ER PT J AU Shephard, MW McLinden, CA Cady-Pereira, KE Luo, M Moussa, SG Leithead, A Liggio, J Staebler, RM Akingunola, A Makar, P Lehr, P Zhang, J Henze, DK Millet, DB Bash, JO Zhu, L Wells, KC Capps, SL Chaliyakunnel, S Gordon, M Hayden, K Brook, JR Wolde, M Li, SM AF Shephard, M. W. McLinden, C. A. Cady-Pereira, K. E. Luo, M. Moussa, S. G. Leithead, A. Liggio, J. Staebler, R. M. Akingunola, A. Makar, P. Lehr, P. Zhang, J. Henze, D. K. Millet, D. B. Bash, J. O. Zhu, L. Wells, K. C. Capps, S. L. Chaliyakunnel, S. Gordon, M. Hayden, K. Brook, J. R. Wolde, M. Li, S. -M. TI Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite observations of ammonia, methanol, formic acid, and carbon monoxide over the Canadian oil sands: validation and model evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES; ACETIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANOL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; DAILY MORTALITY AB The wealth of air quality information provided by satellite infrared observations of ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), and methanol (CH3OH) is currently being explored and used for a number of applications, especially at regional or global scales. These applications include air quality monitoring, trend analysis, emissions, and model evaluation. This study provides one of the first direct validations of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite-retrieved profiles of NH3, CH3OH, and HCOOH through comparisons with coincident aircraft profiles. The comparisons are performed over the Canadian oil sands region during the intensive field campaign (August-September, 2013) in support of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM). The satellite/aircraft comparisons over this region during this period produced errors of (i) +0.08 +/- 0.25 ppbv for NH3, (ii) +7.5 +/- 23 ppbv for CO, (iii) +0.19 +/- 0.46 ppbv for HCOOH, and (iv) 1.1 +/- 0.39 ppbv for CH3OH. These values mostly agree with previously estimated retrieval errors; however, the relatively large negative bias in CH3OH and the significantly greater positive bias for larger HCOOH and CO values observed during this study warrant further investigation. Satellite and aircraft ammonia observations during the field campaign are also used in an initial effort to perform preliminary evaluations of Environment Canada's Global Environmental Multi-scale-Modelling Air quality and CHemistry (GEM-MACH) air quality modelling system at high resolution (2.5 +/- 2.5 km(2). These initial results indicate a model underprediction of similar to 0.6 ppbv (similar to 60 %) for NH3, during the field campaign period. The TES/model CO comparison differences are similar to+20 ppbv (similar to +20 %), but given that under these conditions the TES/aircraft comparisons also show a small positive TES CO bias indicates that the overall model underprediction of CO is closer to similar to 10% at 681 hPa (similar to 3 km) during this period. C1 [Shephard, M. W.; McLinden, C. A.; Moussa, S. G.; Leithead, A.; Liggio, J.; Staebler, R. M.; Akingunola, A.; Makar, P.; Lehr, P.; Zhang, J.; Gordon, M.; Hayden, K.; Brook, J. R.; Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cady-Pereira, K. E.] AER, Lexington, MA USA. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Henze, D. K.; Capps, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Millet, D. B.; Wells, K. C.; Chaliyakunnel, S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bash, J. O.; Capps, S. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhu, L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gordon, M.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Wolde, M.] Natl Res Council NRC Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Shephard, MW (reprint author), Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM mark.shephard@ec.gc.ca RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NSF [1148951]; Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring; Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA); NASA ACMAP [NNX10AG63G] FX We would like to thank Susan S. Kulawik for helping provide us with the original updated TES version 6 lite files and Craig Stroud for his helpful discussions and support with the back-trajectory analysis. We would like to acknowledge other members of the aircraft team for their contributions to the airborne measurements used to validate the satellite observations, in particular Andrew Budden, Stewart Cober, Andrea Darlington, Andrew Elford, Anthony Liu, Peter Liu, Aaron McCay, Robert McLaren, Bill McMurty, Richard L. Mittermeier, Julie Narayan, Jason O'Brien, Andrew Sheppard, Ka Sung, Danny Wang, Mohammad Wasey, and the National Research Council Flight Research Laboratory team. We would also like thank the other members of the oil sands modelling working group for their insights on the initial GEM-MACH ammonia simulations over the oil sands region, in particular Michael Moran. Work at the University of Minnesota was supported by NSF (grant no. 1148951). Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. This study was supported in part by the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring, the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA), and NASA ACMAP (grant no. NNX10AG63G). NR 113 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5189 EP 5211 DI 10.5194/amt-8-5189-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YI UT WOS:000367384600011 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Cyclic Sulfamidate Enabled Syntheses of Amino Acids, Peptides, Carbohydrates, and Natural Products SO ALDRICHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE regiospecific; stereospecific; ring-opening; unnatural amino acid; chiral building block; natural product; cyclic sulfamidate ID C-H AMINATION; CATALYZED INTRAMOLECULAR AMIDATION; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; ALPHA-PHOSPHONO LACTAMS; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; SULFAMATE ESTERS; BURGESS REAGENT; NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENTS; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS AB This article reviews the emergence of cyclic sulfamidates as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids, chalcogen peptides, modified sugars, drugs and drug candidates, and important natural products. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov FU Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX R. B. Nasir Baig was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO INC PI MILWAUKEE PA 1001 WEST SAINT PAUL AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53233 USA SN 0002-5100 J9 ALDRICHIM ACTA JI Aldrichimica Acta PY 2015 VL 48 IS 3 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CZ2VL UT WOS:000366962600002 ER PT J AU Lalley, J Han, C Mohan, GR Dionysiou, DD Speth, TF Garland, J Nadagouda, MN AF Lalley, Jacob Han, Changseok Mohan, Gayathri Ram Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Speth, Thomas F. Garland, Jay Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. TI Phosphate removal using modified Bayoxide (R) E33 adsorption media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL PHOSPHORUS FLOWS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RED MUD; IRON-OXIDES; WASTE-WATER; STEEL SLAG; FLY-ASH; GOETHITE; ADSORBENT; SURFACE AB The adsorption of phosphate onto modified Bayoxide (R) E33 (E33) and underlying mechanisms were comparatively investigated by batch kinetics, sorption isotherms, rapid small-scale column tests, and material characterization. Synthesis of modified E33 was conducted by the addition of manganese and silver nanoparticles on the surface of the goethite (alpha-FeOOH)-based E33. Upon successful adsorbent synthesis, the materials were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, HR-TEM, and BET surface area analysis. The adsorption kinetics is described by a fast initial adsorption stage followed by a slow adsorption stage, complying with pseudo second-order kinetics and Elovich kinetics. Sorption isotherms revealed that the equilibrium capacity of one of the modified adsorbents (E33/AgII) exceeded that of unmodified E33 likely due to its increased BET surface area. Column experiments confirmed the results for adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of phosphate sorption onto E33 and modified E33. This suggests that media modification has the potential to improve phosphate removal properties. C1 [Lalley, Jacob; Han, Changseok; Speth, Thomas F.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,WQMB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lalley, Jacob; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, DBCEE, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Han, Changseok; Mohan, Gayathri Ram] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Garland, Jay] US EPA, ORD, NERL, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,WQMB, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2053-1400 EI 2053-1419 J9 ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES JI Environ. Sci.-Wat. Res. Technol. PY 2015 VL 1 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1039/c4ew00020j PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CZ1UA UT WOS:000366889800013 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Henze, D Bash, J Jeong, GR Cady-Pereira, K Shephard, M Luo, M Paulot, F Capps, S AF Zhu, L. Henze, D. Bash, J. Jeong, G. -R. Cady-Pereira, K. Shephard, M. Luo, M. Paulot, F. Capps, S. TI Global evaluation of ammonia bidirectional exchange and livestock diurnal variation schemes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GEOS-CHEM; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Bidirectional air-surface exchange of ammonia (NH3) has been neglected in many air quality models. In this study, we implement the bidirectional exchange of NH3 in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. We also introduce an updated diurnal variability scheme for NH3 livestock emissions and evaluate the recently developed MASAGE_NH3 bottom-up inventory. While updated diurnal variability improves comparison of modeled-to-hourly in situ measurements in the southeastern USA, NH3 concentrations decrease throughout the globe, up to 17 ppb in India and southeastern China, with corresponding decreases in aerosol nitrate by up to 7 mu g m(-3). The ammonium (NH4+) soil pool in the bidirectional exchange model largely extends the NH3 lifetime in the atmosphere. Including bidirectional exchange generally increases NH3 gross emissions (7.1 %) and surface concentrations (up to 3.9 ppb) throughout the globe in July, except in India and southeastern China. In April and October, it decreases NH3 gross emissions in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., 43.6 % in April in China) and increases NH3 gross emissions in the Southern Hemisphere. Bidirectional exchange does not largely impact NH4+ wet deposition overall. While bidirectional exchange is fundamentally a better representation of NH3 emissions from fertilizers, emissions from primary sources are still underestimated and thus significant model biases remain when compared to in situ measurements in the USA. The adjoint of bidirectional exchange has also been developed for the GEOS-Chem model and is used to investigate the sensitivity of NH3 concentrations with respect to soil pH and fertilizer application rate. This study thus lays the groundwork for future inverse modeling studies to more directly constrain these physical processes rather than tuning bulk unidirectional NH3 emissions. C1 [Zhu, L.; Henze, D.; Jeong, G. -R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bash, J.; Jeong, G. -R.; Capps, S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cady-Pereira, K.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Shephard, M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Paulot, F.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Paulot, F.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Henze, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daven.henze@colorado.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NASA [NNX09AN77G, NNX10AG63G]; EPA STAR award [RD834559] FX This work is supported by NASA grants NNX09AN77G and NNX10AG63G and EPA STAR award RD834559. While this manuscript has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not reflect official agency views or policies. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 22 BP 12823 EP 12843 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12823-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TM UT WOS:000365977100008 ER PT J AU Gantt, B Kelly, JT Bash, JO AF Gantt, B. Kelly, J. T. Bash, J. O. TI Updating sea spray aerosol emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.0.2 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY MARINE AEROSOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SALT AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; WATER TEMPERATURE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICLES AB Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) impact the particle mass concentration and gas-particle partitioning in coastal environments, with implications for human and ecosystem health. Model evaluations of SSA emissions have mainly focused on the global scale, but regional-scale evaluations are also important due to the localized impact of SSAs on atmospheric chemistry near the coast. In this study, SSA emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model were updated to enhance the fine-mode size distribution, include sea surface temperature (SST) dependency, and reduce surf-enhanced emissions. Predictions from the updated CMAQ model and those of the previous release version, CMAQv5.0.2, were evaluated using several coastal and national observational data sets in the continental US. The updated emissions generally reduced model underestimates of sodium, chloride, and nitrate surface concentrations for coastal sites in the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) near Tampa, Florida. Including SST dependency to the SSA emission parameterization led to increased sodium concentrations in the southeastern US and decreased concentrations along parts of the Pacific coast and northeastern US. The influence of sodium on the gas-particle partitioning of nitrate resulted in higher nitrate particle concentrations in many coastal urban areas due to increased condensation of nitric acid in the updated simulations, potentially affecting the predicted nitrogen deposition in sensitive ecosystems. Application of the updated SSA emissions to the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study period resulted in a modest improvement in the predicted surface concentration of sodium and nitrate at several central and southern California coastal sites. This update of SSA emissions enabled a more realistic simulation of the atmospheric chemistry in coastal environments where marine air mixes with urban pollution. C1 [Gantt, B.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gantt, B.; Kelly, J. T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bash, JO (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bash.jesse@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Office of Research and Development; Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX We would like to acknowledge use of Rodney Weber's continuous PM2.5 composition measurements from the Pasadena ground site and monitor data from the IMPROVE and CSN networks. We also thank Christopher Nolte for help in the analysis of the BRACE data set/aerosol size distributions, Kirk Baker for help in the development of the CalNex platform, and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. This paper has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. B. Gantt is supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 3733 EP 3746 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3733-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CX8UQ UT WOS:000365980100013 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Ginn, T Rempel-Hester, MA Arthur, C Rutherford, N Pryor, R AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Ginn, Thomas Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann Arthur, Courtney Rutherford, Nicolle Pryor, Rachel TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue residues; toxicity; bioaccumulation; biomagnification; biomarkers; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs; PAHs; PBDEs; radionuclides; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine biocides; oil spills; dispersants; sewage; debris; dredging; eutrophication; human disturbance; Arctic; Antarctic ID DEEP-WATER-HORIZON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-MELASTIGMA; COPEPOD TIGRIOPUS-JAPONICUS; POLYCHAETE HEDISTE-DIVERSICOLOR; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CLAM VENERUPIS-PHILIPPINARUM; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS AB This review covers selected 2014 articles on the biological effects of pollutants and human physical disturbances on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due in part to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (ballast water and ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). Please use keyword searching of the text to locate related but distributed papers. Use this review only as a guide and please consult the original papers before citing them. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.; Rutherford, Nicolle; Pryor, Rachel] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann] Aquat Toxicol Support, Bremerton, WA USA. [Arthur, Courtney] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 406 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 44 U2 173 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2015 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1718 EP 1816 DI 10.2175/106143015X14338845156380 PG 99 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CY5TB UT WOS:000366469200032 PM 26420104 ER PT B AU Pardo, LH Robin-Abbott, MJ Fenn, ME Goodale, CL Geiser, LH Driscoll, CT Allen, EB Baron, JS Bobbink, R Bowman, WD Clark, CM Bowman, WD Emmett, B Gilliam, FS Greaver, TL Hall, SJ Lilleskov, EA Liu, LL Lynch, JA Nadelhoffer, KJ Perakis, SJ Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC Dennis, RL AF Pardo, Linda H. Robin-Abbott, Molly J. Fenn, Mark E. Goodale, Christine L. Geiser, Linda H. Driscoll, Charles T. Allen, Edith B. Baron, Jill S. Bobbink, Roland Bowman, William D. Clark, Christopher M. Bowman, William D. Emmett, Bridget Gilliam, Frank S. Greaver, Tara L. Hall, Sharon J. Lilleskov, Erik A. Liu, Lingli Lynch, Jason A. Nadelhoffer, Knute J. Perakis, Steven J. Stoddard, John L. Weathers, Kathleen C. Dennis, Robin L. BE DeVries, W Hettelingh, JP Posch, M TI Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Ecoregions of the United States SO CRITICAL LOADS AND DYNAMIC RISK ASSESSMENTS: NITROGEN, ACIDITY AND METALS IN TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE Environmental Pollution Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DEPOSITION GRADIENT; ALPINE LAKES; HERBACEOUS LAYER; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MONTANE ECOSYSTEMS C1 [Pardo, Linda H.; Robin-Abbott, Molly J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Geiser, Linda H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bobbink, Roland] B WARE Res Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bowman, William D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clark, Christopher M.; Lynch, Jason A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Emmett, Bridget] Environm Ctr Wales, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. [Gilliam, Frank S.] Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV USA. [Greaver, Tara L.; Liu, Lingli; Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hall, Sharon J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Houghton, MI USA. [Nadelhoffer, Knute J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Perakis, Steven J.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 149 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-017-9508-1; 978-94-017-9507-4 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT SER JI Environ. Pollut. Ser. PY 2015 VL 25 BP 129 EP 169 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1 PG 41 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BE0AL UT WOS:000365670800006 ER PT J AU Gan, CM Pleim, J Mathur, R Hogrefe, C Long, CN Xing, J Wong, D Gilliam, R Wei, C AF Gan, C. -M. Pleim, J. Mathur, R. Hogrefe, C. Long, C. N. Xing, J. Wong, D. Gilliam, R. Wei, C. TI Assessment of long-term WRF-CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; PART II; MODEL; TRENDS; SYSTEM; PERSPECTIVE; TERRAIN; SEARCH; DUST AB Long-term simulations with the coupled WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multi-scale Air Quality) model have been conducted to systematically investigate the changes in anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx over the past 16 years (1995-2010) across the United States (US), their impacts on anthropogenic aerosol loading over North America, and subsequent impacts on regional radiation budgets. In particular, this study attempts to determine the consequences of the changes in tropospheric aerosol burden arising from substantial reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx associated with control measures under the Clean Air Act (CAA) especially on trends in solar radiation. Extensive analyses conducted by Gan et al. (2014a) utilizing observations (e.g., SURFRAD, CASTNET, IMPROVE, and ARM) over the past 16 years (1995-2010) indicate a shortwave (SW) radiation (both all-sky and clear-sky) "brightening" in the US. The relationship of the radiation brightening trend with decreases in the aerosol burden is less apparent in the western US. One of the main reasons for this is that the emission controls under the CAA were aimed primarily at reducing pollutants in areas violating national air quality standards, most of which were located in the eastern US, while the relatively less populated areas in the western US were less polluted at the beginning of this study period. Comparisons of model results with observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol concentration, and radiation demonstrate that the coupled WRF-CMAQ model is capable of replicating the trends well even though it tends to underestimate the AOD. In particular, the sulfate concentration predictions were well matched with the observations. The discrepancies found in the clear-sky diffuse SW radiation are likely due to several factors such as the potential increase of ice particles associated with increasing air traffic, the definition of "clear-sky" in the radiation retrieval methodology, and aerosol semi-direct and/or indirect effects which cannot be readily isolated from the observed data. C1 [Gan, C. -M.; Pleim, J.; Mathur, R.; Hogrefe, C.; Xing, J.; Wong, D.; Gilliam, R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Long, C. N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Long, C. N.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Wei, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Gan, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chuenmeei@gmail.com RI wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU US EPA; US Department of Energy [IA DE-SC0003782]; US Environmental Protection Agency [IA RW-89-9233260]; Climate Change Research Division of the US Department of Energy; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) FX This research was performed while Chuen-Meei Gan held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA. The research presented in this study was supported through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy (funding IA DE-SC0003782) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (funding IA RW-89-9233260). It has been subject to the US EPA's administrative review and approved for publication. The authors also would like thank John Augustine from NOAA-SURFRAD for his support and assistance in obtaining the SURFRAD data, as well as the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) for their diligent efforts in operating and maintaining the SURFRAD sites. C. N. Long acknowledges the support of the Climate Change Research Division of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) programs, and the support of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). The authors would like thank James Kelly from the US EPA for his comments. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 21 BP 12193 EP 12209 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12193-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW9OV UT WOS:000365329000005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Abraham, R Chung, SH Avise, J Lamb, B Salathe, EP Nolte, CG Loughlin, D Guenther, A Wiedinmyer, C Duhl, T Zhang, Y Streets, DG AF Gonzalez-Abraham, R. Chung, S. H. Avise, J. Lamb, B. Salathe, E. P., Jr. Nolte, C. G. Loughlin, D. Guenther, A. Wiedinmyer, C. Duhl, T. Zhang, Y. Streets, D. G. TI The effects of global change upon United States air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; SIMULATING CHANGES; ISOPRENE EMISSION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; EASTERN US AB To understand more fully the effects of global changes on ambient concentrations of ozone and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) in the United States (US), we conducted a comprehensive modeling effort to evaluate explicitly the effects of changes in climate, biogenic emissions, land use and global/regional anthropogenic emissions on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations and composition. Results from the ECHAM5 global climate model driven with the A1B emission scenario from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to provide regional meteorological fields. We developed air quality simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) chemical transport model for two nested domains with 220 and 36 km horizontal grid cell resolution for a semi-hemispheric domain and a continental United States (US) domain, respectively. The semi-hemispheric domain was used to evaluate the impact of projected global emissions changes on US air quality. WRF meteorological fields were used to calculate current (2000s) and future (2050s) biogenic emissions using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). For the semi-hemispheric domain CMAQ simulations, present-day global emissions inventories were used and projected to the 2050s based on the IPCC A1B scenario. Regional anthropogenic emissions were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency National Emission Inventory 2002 (EPA NEI2002) and projected to the future using the MARKet ALlocation (MARKAL) energy system model assuming a business as usual scenario that extends current decade emission regulations through 2050. Our results suggest that daily maximum 8 h average ozone (DM8O) concentrations will increase in a range between 2 to 12 parts per billion (ppb) across most of the continental US. The highest increase occurs in the South, Central and Midwest regions of the US due to increases in temperature, enhanced biogenic emissions and changes in land use. The model predicts an average increase of 1-6 ppb in DM8O due to projected increase in global emissions of ozone precursors. The effects of these factors are only partially offset by reductions in DM8O associated with decreasing US anthropogenic emissions. lIncreases in PM2.5 levels between 4 and 10 mu g m(-3) in the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest and South regions are mostly a result of increase in primary anthropogenic particulate matter (PM), enhanced biogenic emissions and land use changes. Changes in boundary conditions shift the composition but do not alter overall simulated PM2.5 mass concentrations. C1 [Gonzalez-Abraham, R.; Chung, S. H.; Avise, J.; Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Avise, J.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Salathe, E. P., Jr.] Univ Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA USA. [Nolte, C. G.; Loughlin, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Guenther, A.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Duhl, T.; Zhang, Y.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gonzalez-Abraham, R (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM arodrigo@pdx.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965 FU US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results grants [RD 83336901-0, 838309621-0] FX This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results grants RD 83336901-0 and 838309621-0. This paper has been cleared by the EPA's administrative review process and approved for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 21 BP 12645 EP 12665 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12645-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW9OV UT WOS:000365329000028 ER PT S AU Postigo, C Jeong, CH Richardson, SD Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ Simmons, JE Barcelo, D AF Postigo, Cristina Jeong, Clara H. Richardson, Susan D. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Plewa, Michael J. Simmons, Jane Ellen Barcelo, Damia BE Karanfil, T Mitch, B Westerhoff, P Xie, Y TI Analysis, Occurrence, and Toxicity of Haloacetaldehydes in Drinking Waters: Iodoacetaldehyde as an Emerging Disinfection By-Product SO RECENT ADVANCES IN DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Occurrence, Formation, Health Effects and Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water / 248th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem, Water Res Fdn DE disinfection by-products; genotoxicity; cytotoxicity; occurrence; drinking waters; halogenated aldehydes; chloral hydrate; mammalian cells ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; SWIMMING POOL WATER; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; HALOGENATED ACETALDEHYDES; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; TREATED WATER; COMET ASSAY; CHLORAMINATION; REMOVAL AB Chlorinated and brominated haloacetaldehydes (HALs) are considered the 3rd largest class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) by weight. The iodinated HAL, iodoacetaldehyde, has been recently reported as an emerging DBP in finished drinking waters. Overall, iodinated DBPs, e.g., iodoacetic acids, iodoacetamides, and iodonitriles, are among the most genotoxic of all DBPs identified. In this context, this chapter reviews the analytical methods available to date to determine HALs in water, and the concentrations at which they are present in finished drinking waters. Since systematic toxicological effects have been only investigated for selected chloro- and bromo- HALs, a comparative study of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of this DBP class to mammalian cells is also presented. C1 [Postigo, Cristina; Barcelo, Damia] IDAEA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & WaterRes, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Jeong, Clara H.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jeong, Clara H.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Plewa, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Safe Global Water Inst, Ctr Adv Mat Purificat Water Syst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] Univ S Carolina, JM Palms Ctr GSR, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Barcelo, Damia] Univ Girona, Catalan Inst Water Res ICRA, Girona 17003, Spain. RP Postigo, C (reprint author), IDAEA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & WaterRes, Dept Environm Chem, Carrer Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM cprqam@cid.csic.es RI Postigo, Cristina/H-7876-2015 OI Postigo, Cristina/0000-0002-7344-7044 NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3076-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1190 BP 25 EP 43 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BD9TH UT WOS:000365248800002 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, DM Ghio, AJ Sobus, JR Williams, MA AF Schreinemachers, Dina M. Ghio, Andrew J. Sobus, Jon R. Williams, Marc A. TI Perchlorate Exposure is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Indicators of Serum Iron Homeostasis Among NHANES 2005-2008 Subjects SO BIOMARKER INSIGHTS LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; epidemiology; biomarkers; iron homeostasis ID THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; URIC-ACID; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; FERRITIN; HEALTH; HYPOTHYROIDISM; TECHNOLOGIES; INFLAMMATION; REMOVAL AB Perchlorate (ClO4?), an oxidizing agent, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Several studies have investigated its thyroid hormone disrupting properties. Its associations with other biological measures are largely unknown. This study, combining 20052008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, investigated associations between urinary perchlorate and biomarkers of iron homeostasis, lipids, blood cell counts, and glucose metabolism. Healthy males (n = 3705), non-pregnant females (n = 2967), and pregnant females (n = 356), aged 1259 years, were included in the linear regression models, which showed significant positive (+) and negative (-) associations for both males and non-pregnant females with serum uric acid (-), serum iron (-), RBC count (-), blood urea nitrogen (+), and lymphocyte count (+). Other significant associations were observed for either males or non-pregnant females. Among pregnant females, perchlorate was significantly associated with blood urea nitrogen (+) and serum iron (-). These associations may be indicators of perchlorate's potential effect on several biological systems, which when considered in total, may implicate perturbation of iron homeostasis. C1 [Schreinemachers, Dina M.; Ghio, Andrew J.; Williams, Marc A.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Sobus, Jon R.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, ORD, Durham, NC USA. RP Schreinemachers, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM schreinemachers.dina@epa.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIBERTAS ACAD PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 300-874, ALBANY 0752, AUCKLAND, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 1177-2719 J9 BIOMARK INSIGHTS JI Biomark. Insights PY 2015 VL 10 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.4137/BMI.320089 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CW6LW UT WOS:000365110000001 PM 25673971 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Filip, J Zboril, R Varma, RS AF Sharma, Virender K. Filip, Jan Zboril, Radek Varma, Rajender S. TI Natural inorganic nanoparticles - formation, fate, and toxicity in the environment SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-CHARGE; STABILITY; REDUCTION; TRANSFORMATION; SYSTEMS AB The synthesis, stability, and toxicity of engineered metal nanoparticles (ENPs) have been extensively studied during the past two decades. In contrast, research on the formation, fate, and ecological effects of naturally-occurring nanoparticles (NNPs) has become a focus of attention only recently. The natural existence of metal nanoparticles and their oxides/sulfides in waters, wastewaters, ore deposits, mining regions, and hydrothermal vents, as exemplified by the formation of nanoparticles containing silver and gold (AgNPs and AuNPs), Fe, Mn, pyrite (FeS2), Ag2S, CuS, CdS, and ZnS, is dictated largely by environmental conditions (temperature, pH, oxic/anoxic, light, and concentration and characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM)). Examples include the formation of nanoparticles containing pyrite, Cu and Zn-containing pyrite, and iron in hydrothermal vent black smoker emissions. Metal sulfide nanoparticles can be formed directly from their precursor ions or indirectly by sulfide ion-assisted transformation of the corresponding metal oxides under anaerobic conditions. This tutorial focuses on the formation mechanisms, fate, and toxicity of natural metal nanoparticles. Natural waters containing Ag(I) and Au(III) ions in the presence of NOM generate AgNPs and AuNPs under thermal, non-thermal, and photochemical conditions. These processes are significantly accelerated by existing redox species of iron (Fe(II)/Fe(III)). NOM, metal-NOM complexes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O-2(center dot-), (OH)-O-center dot, and H2O2 are largely responsible for the natural occurrence of nanoparticles. AgNPs and AuNPs emanating from Ag(I)/Au(III)-NOM reactions are stable for several months, thus indicating their potential to be transported over long distances from their point of origin. However, endogenous cations present in natural waters can destabilize the nanoparticles, with divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+) being more influential than their monovalent equivalents (e.g., Na+, K+). The toxicity of NNPs may differ from that of ENPs because of differences in the coatings on the nanoparticle surfaces. An example of this phenomenon is presented and is briefly discussed. C1 [Sharma, Virender K.] Texas A&M Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Filip, Jan; Zboril, Radek; Varma, Rajender S.] Palacky Univ, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Dept Expt Phys, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Filip, Jan; Zboril, Radek; Varma, Rajender S.] Palacky Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Fac Sci, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM vsharma@sph.tamhsc.edu; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI Zboril, Radek/F-5153-2015; OI Sharma, Virender/0000-0002-5980-8675; Zboril, Radek/0000-0002-3147-2196 FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LO1305]; Technology Agency of the Czech Republic "Competence Centers'' [TE01020218] FX V.K. Sharma, J. Filip, and R. Zboril acknowledge the support by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LO1305) and Technology Agency of the Czech Republic "Competence Centers'' (project No. TE01020218). We thank Dr. Leslie Cizmas and Dr. John Leazer for their comments to improve the article. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 42 U2 191 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8410 EP 8423 DI 10.1039/c5cs00236b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CW2WI UT WOS:000364853400003 PM 26435358 ER PT J AU Nolte, CG Appel, KW Kelly, JT Bhave, PV Fahey, KM Collett, JL Zhang, L Young, JO AF Nolte, C. G. Appel, K. W. Kelly, J. T. Bhave, P. V. Fahey, K. M. Collett, J. L., Jr. Zhang, L. Young, J. O. TI Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v5.0 against size-resolved measurements of inorganic particle composition across sites in North America SO Geoscientific Model Development LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SEA-SALT; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; RURAL LOCATIONS; AEROSOL; IMPACT; SYSTEM AB This work evaluates particle size-composition distributions simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) measurements at 18 sites across North America. Size-resolved measurements of particulate SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ are compared to CMAQ model output for discrete sampling periods between 2002 and 2005. The observation sites were predominantly in remote areas (e.g., National Parks) in the USA and Canada, and measurements were typically made for a period of roughly 1 month. For SO42- and NH4+, model performance was consistent across the USA and Canadian sites, with the model slightly overestimating the peak particle diameter and underestimating the peak particle concentration compared to the observations. Na+ and Mg2+ size distributions were generally well represented at coastal sites, indicating reasonable simulation of emissions from sea spray. CMAQ is able to simulate the displacement of Cl- in aged sea spray aerosol, though the extent of Cl- depletion relative to Na+ is often underpredicted. The model performance for NO3- exhibited much more site-to-site variability than that of SO42- and NH4+, with the model ranging from an underestimation to overestimation of both the peak diameter and peak particle concentration across the sites. Computing PM2.5 from the modeled size distribution parameters rather than by summing the masses in the Aitken and accumulation modes resulted in differences in daily averages of up to 1 mu gm(-3) (10 %), while the difference in seasonal and annual model performance compared to observations from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), and Air Quality System (AQS) networks was very small. Two updates to the CMAQ aerosol model - changes to the assumed size and mode width of emitted particles and the implementation of gravitational settling - resulted in small improvements in modeled size distributions. C1 [Nolte, C. G.; Appel, K. W.; Fahey, K. M.; Young, J. O.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kelly, J. T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bhave, P. V.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. [Collett, J. L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, L.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Nolte, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nolte.chris@epa.gov RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We thank Taehyoung Lee (Colorado State University), Noreen Poor (University of South Florida), and Charles Stanier (University of Iowa) for providing MOUDI measurements that helped make this analysis possible. Brett Gantt and Rohit Mathur (US EPA) provided constructive comments in reviewing this manuscript. We thank Heather Simon and George Pouliot (US EPA) for their assistance with PM profiles in the SPECIATE database. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development supported the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The views and interpretations in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily attributable to their organizations. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2877 EP 2892 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-2877-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV5QJ UT WOS:000364325700010 ER PT S AU Lau, C AF Lau, Christopher BE DeWitt, JC TI Perfluorinated Compounds: An Overview SO TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PERFLUOROALKYL AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Perfluoroalkyl acids; Toxicology; Health effects; Epidemiology; Overview ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS PFAAS; GLOBAL EMISSION INVENTORIES; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; 2 GERMAN CITIES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; FRESH-WATER; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; PHOSPHONIC-ACIDS AB This chapter provides an overarching introduction to the subject matter of this volume: toxicology and health effects of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). It highlights briefly the unique chemical and physical properties of these chemicals, their production history and commercial uses, and their environmental and health concerns. The distribution profiles of these persistent contaminants in environmental media, wildlife and humans, as well as potential pathways of human exposure are characterized. General toxicological features of these chemicals include major species and sex differences in pharmacokinetic disposition among congeners with different carbon-chain lengths and functional groups, and differential potencies based on their primary mechanism of action, i.e., activation of the nuclear receptor PPARoc. Current understanding of adverse effects associated with PFC exposure based on laboratory animal models include hepatotoxicity, tumor induction, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Associations and probable links between exposure to some PFCs and adverse health outcomes in humans have been suggested by recent epidemiological reports. Ecological and human health risk assessments of these chemicals are still in their infancy. Each of these sub-topics will be expanded into full discussion in subsequent chapters. Importantly, a new generation of fluorinated chemicals has already emerged in commerce, with little information regarding their environmental fate and distribution as well as potential health effects. Materials presented in this volume should provide a scientific basis to inform the design of safe replacement products for the current crop of perfluorinated chemicals that promises to be less persistent and prevalent in the environment. C1 US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Mail Drop B105-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 175 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-3-319-15518-0; 978-3-319-15517-3 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0 PG 21 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD9KE UT WOS:000364811700002 ER PT S AU Abbott, BD AF Abbott, Barbara D. BE DeWitt, JC TI Developmental Toxicity SO TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PERFLUOROALKYL AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Developmental toxicity; Teratology; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR); Postnatal toxicity ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE APFO; RESTRICTED GESTATIONAL EXPOSURES; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ALPHA PPAR-ALPHA; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; CROSS-FOSTER; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS AB This chapter provides an overview of the developmental toxicity resulting from exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs). The majority of studies of PFAA-induced developmental toxicity have examined effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and there is only limited information available for other members of this family of chemicals. In this chapter, there are separate overviews of the developmental toxicity of PFOS and PFOA, along with a summary of studies available for perfluorobutyrate (PFBA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA). In general, among the PFAAs that do produce developmental toxicity in one or more laboratory species, prenatal PFAA exposure in teratology studies typically does not result in major malformations and significant findings are often limited to the higher exposure levels. The postnatal effects in rats or mice exposed to PFAAs are typically increased mortality in the first hours or week after birth, effects on weight which may persist beyond weaning, delayed eye opening, abnormal mammary gland development, and liver hypertrophy. The role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARoc) in mediating developmental effects is discussed, including insights from genetically modified mice, PPARoc knockout mice, and mice expressing the human PPARoc gene. Pharmacokinetic issues are relevant to selecting an appropriate animal model for developmental studies and regarding the influence of rapid clearance on manifestation of developmental toxicity. Whether or not a particular PFAA will cause developmental toxicity depends on levels and timing of fetal exposure and is influenced by species and gender specific pharmacokinetic characteristics that impact exposure of the conceptus throughout gestation and during the lactational period. Factors influencing the pharmacokinetics and developmental outcomes include chemical characteristics of a particular PFAA (carbon chain length, functional moiety carboxylate or sulfonate), species specific characteristics (sex and species specific expression of particular transporters in the kidney that influence clearance), timing and level of exposure to the developing fetus, and ability of the PFAA to activate PPARoc (human, mouse, and rat PPAR alpha differ in responses to PFAA, carboxylates are more effective than sulfonates, and longer carbon chain PFAA are more potent than short chain PFAA). The expression and activation of PPAR alpha is necessary for mediating developmental effects of PFOA and PFNA, but the early postnatal deaths caused by exposure to PFOS were not dependent on expression of PPAR alpha. C1 US EPA, Tox Assessment Div B10504, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div B10504, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-3-319-15518-0; 978-3-319-15517-3 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD9KE UT WOS:000364811700009 ER PT S AU Wambaugh, J AF Wambaugh, John BE DeWitt, JC TI Dosimetric Anchoring of Toxicological Studies SO TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PERFLUOROALKYL AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES SE Molecular and Integrative Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pharmacokinetics; Dosimetric anchor; Mathematical models; Extrapolation; Dose regimen; Biological variability ID AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE APFO; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS; THYROID-HORMONE STATUS; POTASSIUM PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE; COMPARATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; 2-GENERATION REPRODUCTION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS AB Comparing the onset of effects between different toxicological studies is often confounded by pharmacokinetics (PK). Differences between studies can be biological in origin (e.g. species, gender) as well as due to dose regimen (e.g. spacing, magnitude, duration, and route of administration). However, if the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying the observed toxicological effect is conserved, and some measure of the tissue concentration (i.e., dos imetry) at the site of effect can be determined, then it is expected that this dosimetric anchor should also be conserved across studies. Careful consideration of the PK is required, and mathematical models for PK can address this need. It is relatively easy to extrapolate model predictions if there is a reasonable expectation of linear behavior and conserved PK between test conditions and those to be predicted. For perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), however, we expect PK extrapolation to be much more difficult. Aspects of the distribution, metabolism, and elimination of PFCs have unusual and non-linear features that must be considered. The PK of PFCs is especially unusual in that the half-lives of the longer chain PFCs vary by many orders of magnitude across species, dose regimen, and in some cases, across gender. The empirical saturable renal resorption hypothesis of the Andersen et al. (Toxicol 227(16978759):156-164, 2006) model provides the simplest available non-linear PK model that describes PFCs PK. However, despite the plausible biological mechanism, this model is still empirical, requiring that species-specific parameters are estimated using species-specific PK data. With this model, diverse toxicological studies of PFCs can be shown to be roughly consistent with respect to the internal, dosimetric anchors induced by their various study designs. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wambaugh, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B205-01 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wambaugh.john@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2168-4219 BN 978-3-319-15518-0; 978-3-319-15517-3 J9 MOLEC INTEGR TOXICOL PY 2015 BP 337 EP 361 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD9KE UT WOS:000364811700015 ER PT J AU Wang, C Cyterski, M Feng, YJ Gao, P Sun, QF AF Wang, Ce Cyterski, Mike Feng, Yujie Gao, Peng Sun, Qingfang TI Spatiotemporal characteristics of organic contaminant concentrations and ecological risk assessment in the Songhua River, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; TRANSPORT MODEL; WATER; POLLUTION; FATE; SEDIMENTS; RESIDUES; QUANTIFY AB To control source pollution and improve water quality, an understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of organic contaminant concentrations in affected receiving waters is necessary. The Songhua River in northeast China is the country's third-largest domestic river and loadings of organic contaminants along an industrialized section have made it the focal point of a national pollution reduction plan. In addition to water quality issues, management of the Songhua River basin must also address local economic development, aquatic ecosystem sustainability and political relationships with Russia. In three periods spanning 2006 to 2010, eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and eight phenols were measured in surface waters at ten monitoring sites along the river. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to characterize water quality at different sites and time periods. Chemical concentrations of the organic compounds showed significant sinusoidal seasonal patterns and the concentrations declined significantly from 2006 to 2010, possibly due to management practices designed to control water pollution. A critical body residue analysis showed that water concentrations measured during the winter of 2007 across all monitoring sites, but especially at S1-Shaokou and S2-Songhuajiangcun, presented a high risk for fish species. The spatiotemporal characteristics of water quality and estimated ecological risks shown here add to the body of knowledge to develop policies on industrial output and pollution management strategies for the Songhua River basin. C1 [Wang, Ce] Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cyterski, Mike] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, New York, NY USA. [Feng, Yujie; Gao, Peng; Sun, Qingfang] Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wangce@nju.edu.cn; cyterski.mike@epa.gov RI Wang, Ce/B-2500-2012 OI Wang, Ce/0000-0001-6244-1205 FU Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2012ZX07506-004-004]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20620140481]; National Scientific Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [51125033]; Funds for Creative Research Group of China [51121062] FX This research was supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2012ZX07506-004-004), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20620140481), National Scientific Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51125033) and Funds for Creative Research Group of China (51121062). We thank Tao Hong, USEPA, for analytical assistance, Fran Rauschenberg, USEPA, for insightful editorial suggestions, and Yang Tao, Geomatics Center of Jiangsu Province of China, for GIS processing. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1967 EP 1975 DI 10.1039/c5em00375j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV3GK UT WOS:000364146800011 PM 26442573 ER PT J AU He, YT Su, CM AF He, Yongtian Thomas Su, Chunming BE Shiomi, N TI Use of Additives in Bioremediation of Contaminated Groundwater and Soil SO ADVANCES IN BIOREMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER AND POLLUTED SOIL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Organic contaminants; carbon substrates; additives; bioremediation implementation; potential issues ID VINYL-CHLORIDE; SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION; TETRACHLOROETHENE; BIOAUGMENTATION; DETOXIFICATION; DECHLORINATION; HYDROCARBONS; SURFACTANTS; TOXICITY; KINETICS AB This chapter reviews the application of additives used in bioremediation of chlorinated solvents and fuels for groundwater and soil remediation. Soluble carbon substrates are applicable to most site conditions except aquifers with very high or very low groundwater flow. Slow-release and solid substrates are intended to be long-lasting in supplying carbon for microbial growth thereby minimizing operation and maintenance requirements. Microbes as special additives can be used to enhance bioremediation (bioaugmentation) where such microbes are lacking. Oxygen gas can be added to increase aerobic biodegradation, and nutrients addition may be needed to stimulate and maintain sufficient microbial population. pH modifiers to control acidity for optimal microbial growth and degradation can also be added. Delivery of additives to the subsurface can he accomplished through permanent injection wells, direct-push methods, or permeable reactive barriers (biowall). Potential issues with additive use include biofouling, stalling, short circuiting, displacement, reduced hydraulic conductivity, and secondary water quality deterioration. Methods and techniques to deal with these issues are provided and future research needs are identified. C1 [He, Yongtian Thomas] W Virginia Univ, West Virginia Water Res Inst, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Su, Chunming] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Su.Chunming@epa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-2165-7 PY 2015 BP 145 EP 164 DI 10.5772/60915 D2 10.5772/59328 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BD7XR UT WOS:000363679000008 ER PT J AU Verma, S Baig, RBN Han, C Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Verma, Sanny Baig, R. B. Nasir Han, Changseok Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetic graphitic carbon nitride: its application in the C-H activation of amines SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED OXIDATIVE CYANATION; TERTIARY-AMINES; SODIUM-CYANIDE; SUSTAINABLE APPLICATIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BOND ACTIVATION; GREEN CHEMISTRY; 3-AROYLINDOLES; FUTURE AB Magnetic graphitic carbon nitride, Fe@g-C3N4, has been synthesized by adorning a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) support with iron oxide via non-covalent interaction. The magnetically recyclable catalyst showed excellent reactivity for the expeditious C-H activation and cyanation of amines. C1 [Verma, Sanny; Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Han, Changseok; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, WQMB, WSWRD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX SV and RBNB were supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 85 BP 15554 EP 15557 DI 10.1039/c5cc05895c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CT9WS UT WOS:000363167900018 PM 26352198 ER PT J AU Gawande, MB Goswami, A Asefa, T Guo, HZ Biradar, AV Peng, DL Zboril, R Varma, RS AF Gawande, Manoj B. Goswami, Anandarup Asefa, Tewodros Guo, Huizhang Biradar, Ankush V. Peng, Dong-Liang Zboril, Radek Varma, Rajender S. TI Core-shell nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in catalysis and electrocatalysis SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; CORE/SHELL HIERARCHICAL NANOSTRUCTURES; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; STRUCTURED MESOPOROUS SILICA; SURFACE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL-FREE ELECTROCATALYSTS AB Core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs) are a class of nanostructured materials that have recently received increased attention owing to their interesting properties and broad range of applications in catalysis, biology, materials chemistry and sensors. By rationally tuning the cores as well as the shells of such materials, a range of core-shell nanoparticles can be produced with tailorable properties that can play important roles in various catalytic processes and offer sustainable solutions to current energy problems. Various synthetic methods for preparing different classes of CSNs, including the Stober method, solvothermal method, one-pot synthetic method involving surfactants, etc., are briefly mentioned here. The roles of various classes of CSNs are exemplified for both catalytic and electrocatalytic applications, including oxidation, reduction, coupling reactions, etc. C1 [Gawande, Manoj B.; Goswami, Anandarup; Zboril, Radek] Palacky Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Fac Sci, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Goswami, Anandarup; Asefa, Tewodros] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Goswami, Anandarup; Asefa, Tewodros] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Guo, Huizhang; Peng, Dong-Liang] Xiamen Univ, Coll Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Biradar, Ankush V.] CSIR Natl Chem Lab, Catalysis Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gawande, MB (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Fac Sci, Reg Ctr Adv Technol & Mat, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. EM manoj.gawande@upol.cz; radek.zboril@upol.cz; Varma.Rajender@epamail.epa.gov RI Peng, DL/G-4096-2010; Zboril, Radek/F-5153-2015; OI Zboril, Radek/0000-0002-3147-2196 FU Operational Program Education for Competitiveness - European Social Fund of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0041]; National Science Foundation in the USA [1508611, 1134289]; [LO1305] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the project LO1305 and the Operational Program Education for Competitiveness - European Social Fund (project CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0041) of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. TA gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation in the USA (Grant Nos. 1508611 and 1134289) for his group's work on core-shell nanocatalysis. NR 460 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 88 U2 293 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 21 BP 7540 EP 7590 DI 10.1039/c5cs00343a PG 51 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CT9QX UT WOS:000363152800005 PM 26288197 ER PT B AU Dutrow, E AF Dutrow, Elizabeth BE Rossiter, AP Jones, BP TI PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND INFLUENCING ENERGY PERFORMANCE WITHIN PROCESS INDUSTRIES SO ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND EFFICIENCY FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, ENERGY STAR Ind Sect Partnerships, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dutrow, E (reprint author), US EPA, ENERGY STAR Ind Sect Partnerships, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-03322-6; 978-1-118-83825-9 PY 2015 BP 81 EP 92 D2 10.1002/9781119033226 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD5OS UT WOS:000361678300009 ER PT J AU Trisciuzzi, D Alberga, D Mansouri, K Judson, R Cellamare, S Catto, M Carotti, A Benfenati, E Novellino, E Mangiatordi, GF Nicolotti, O AF Trisciuzzi, Daniela Alberga, Domenico Mansouri, Kamel Judson, Richard Cellamare, Saverio Catto, Marco Carotti, Angelo Benfenati, Emilio Novellino, Ettore Mangiatordi, Giuseppe Felice Nicolotti, Orazio TI Docking-based classification models for exploratory toxicology studies on high-quality estrogenic experimental data SO FUTURE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY; DRUG DISCOVERY; BREAST-CANCER; QSAR; BETA; TOOLS; RISK AB Background: The ethical and practical limitation of animal testing has recently promoted computational methods for the fast screening of huge collections of chemicals. Results: The authors derived 24 reliable docking-based classification models able to predict the estrogenic potential of a large collection of chemicals provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Model performances were challenged by considering AUC, EF1% (EFmax = 7.1), -LR (at sensitivity = 0.75); +LR (at sensitivity = 0.25) and 37 reference compounds comprised within the training set. Moreover, external predictions were made successfully on ten representative known estrogenic chemicals and on a set consisting of >32,000 chemicals. Conclusion: The authors demonstrate that structure-based methods, widely applied to drug discovery programs, can be fairly adapted to exploratory toxicology studies. C1 [Trisciuzzi, Daniela; Cellamare, Saverio; Catto, Marco; Carotti, Angelo; Mangiatordi, Giuseppe Felice; Nicolotti, Orazio] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Farm Sci Farmaco, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Alberga, Domenico] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis M Merlin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Mansouri, Kamel; Judson, Richard] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benfenati, Emilio] IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, I-20156 Milan, Italy. [Novellino, Ettore] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Farm, I-80138 Naples, Italy. RP Mangiatordi, GF (reprint author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Farm Sci Farmaco, Via E Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM giuseppe.mangiatordi@uniba.it; orazio.nicolotti@uniba.it OI CATTO, Marco/0000-0002-8411-304X; Cellamare, Saverio/0000-0003-3765-7842; Mansouri, Kamel/0000-0002-6426-8036 FU FIRB (Futuro in Ricerca) [RBFR12SJA8_003]; IDEA [GRBA11E-B3G]; LIFE+ project EDESIA FX O Nicolotti and GF Mangiatordi wish to acknowledge FIRB (Futuro in Ricerca 2012, RBFR12SJA8_003) and IDEA 2011 (GRBA11E-B3G). E Benfenati would like to thank LIFE+ project EDESIA for funding. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1756-8919 EI 1756-8927 J9 FUTURE MED CHEM JI Future Med. Chem. PY 2015 VL 7 IS 14 BP 1921 EP 1936 DI 10.4155/fmc.15.103 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CU1BB UT WOS:000363252900011 PM 26440057 ER PT B AU Wilkin, RT Lee, TR McNeil, MS Su, CM Adair, C AF Wilkin, Richard T. Lee, Tony R. McNeil, Mary Sue Su, Chunming Adair, Cherri BE Naidu, R Birke, V TI Fourteen-Year Assessment of a Permeable Reactive Barrier for Treatment of Hexavalent Chromium and Trichloroethylene SO PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER: SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION SE Advances in Trace Elements in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE; IRON C1 [Wilkin, Richard T.; McNeil, Mary Sue; Su, Chunming; Adair, Cherri] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Lee, Tony R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2448-1; 978-1-4822-2447-4 J9 ADV TRACE ELEM ENVIR PY 2015 BP 99 EP 107 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FH UT WOS:000362980800007 ER PT B AU Ludwig, RD Wilkin, RT Acree, SD Ross, RR Lee, TR AF Ludwig, Ralph D. Wilkin, Richard T. Acree, Steven D. Ross, Randall R. Lee, Tony R. BE Naidu, R Birke, V TI Organic-Based Permeable Reactive Barriers for the Treatment of Heavy Metals, Arsenic, and Acidity SO PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER: SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION SE Advances in Trace Elements in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SLUG TEST C1 [Ludwig, Ralph D.; Acree, Steven D.; Ross, Randall R.; Lee, Tony R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. RP Ludwig, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2448-1; 978-1-4822-2447-4 J9 ADV TRACE ELEM ENVIR PY 2015 BP 135 EP 149 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BD7FH UT WOS:000362980800009 ER PT J AU Janssens-Maenhout, G Crippa, M Guizzardi, D Dentener, F Muntean, M Pouliot, G Keating, T Zhang, Q Kurokawa, J Wankmuller, R van der Gon, HD Kuenen, JJP Klimont, Z Frost, G Darras, S Koffi, B Li, M AF Janssens-Maenhout, G. Crippa, M. Guizzardi, D. Dentener, F. Muntean, M. Pouliot, G. Keating, T. Zhang, Q. Kurokawa, J. Wankmueller, R. van der Gon, H. Denier Kuenen, J. J. P. Klimont, Z. Frost, G. Darras, S. Koffi, B. Li, M. TI HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; METHODOLOGY; DIOXIDE; GASES; ASIA AB The mandate of the Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) is to improve the scientific understanding of the intercontinental air pollution transport, to quantify impacts on human health, vegetation and climate, to identify emission mitigation options across the regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and to guide future policies on these aspects. The harmonization and improvement of regional emission inventories is imperative to obtain consolidated estimates on the formation of global-scale air pollution. An emissions data set has been constructed using regional emission grid maps (annual and monthly) for SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3, PM10, PM2.5, BC and OC for the years 2008 and 2010, with the purpose of providing consistent information to global and regional scale modelling efforts. This compilation of different regional gridded inventories - including that of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for USA, the EPA and Environment Canada (for Canada), the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) for Europe, and the Model Intercomparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia III) for China, India and other Asian countries - was gap-filled with the emission grid maps of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv4.3) for the rest of the world (mainly South America, Africa, Russia and Oceania). Emissions from seven main categories of human activities (power, industry, residential, agriculture, ground transport, aviation and shipping) were estimated and spatially distributed on a common grid of 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees longitude-latitude, to yield monthly, global, sector-specific grid maps for each substance and year. The HTAP_v2.2 air pollutant grid maps are considered to combine latest available regional information within a complete global data set. The disaggregation by sectors, high spatial and temporal resolution and detailed information on the data sources and references used will provide the user the required transparency. Because HTAP_v2.2 contains primarily official and/or widely used regional emission grid maps, it can be recommended as a global baseline emission inventory, which is regionally accepted as a reference and from which different scenarios assessing emission reduction policies at a global scale could start. An analysis of country-specific implied emission factors shows a large difference between industrialised countries and developing countries for acidifying gaseous air pollutant emissions (SO2 and NOx) from the energy and industry sectors. This is not observed for the particulate matter emissions (PM10, PM2.5), which show large differences between countries in the residential sector instead. The per capita emissions of all world countries, classified from low to high income, reveal an increase in level and in variation for gaseous acidifying pollutants, but not for aerosols. For aerosols, an opposite trend is apparent with higher per capita emissions of particulate matter for low income countries. C1 [Janssens-Maenhout, G.; Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Dentener, F.; Muntean, M.; Koffi, B.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Pouliot, G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Keating, T.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Li, M.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Kurokawa, J.] Asia Ctr Air Pollut Res, Nishi Ku, Niigata, Niigata 9502144, Japan. [Wankmueller, R.] Fed Environm Agcy, EMEP, Ctr Emiss Inventory & Project, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [van der Gon, H. Denier; Kuenen, J. J. P.] TNO, Dept Climate Air & Sustainabil, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. [Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Frost, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Frost, G.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Darras, S.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, SEDOO, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Li, M.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Janssens-Maenhout, G.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Janssens-Maenhout, G (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM greet.maenhout@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; FU EC-DG Environment [AA 070402/2007/47597/ MAR/C5, 33075] FX This research was partially funded by EC-DG Environment under AA 070402/2007/47597/ MAR/C5 and 33075. S. Galmarini (JRC) and A. Zuber (DG Environment) are thanked for the continuing support to the HTAP project. The authors would also like to thank all HTAP-modelers providing first feedback. Colleagues of the ECCAD project, C. Granier, A. Mieville, of the TNO-MACC project and of EMEP-MSCW are gratefully acknowledged for help provided during the preparation of this work. NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 19 BP 11411 EP 11432 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT7CN UT WOS:000362971000030 ER PT J AU Reichle, LJ Cook, R Yanca, CA Sonntag, DB AF Reichle, Lawrence J. Cook, Rich Yanca, Catherine A. Sonntag, Darrell B. TI Development of organic gas exhaust speciation profiles for nonroad spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines and equipment SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; BLENDS AB The composition of exhaust emissions from nonroad engines and equipment varies based on a number of parameters, including engine type, emission control technology, fuel composition, and operating conditions. Speciated emissions data which characterize the chemical composition of these emissions are needed to develop chemical speciation profiles used for air quality modeling and to develop air toxics inventories. In this paper, we present results of an extensive review and analysis of available exhaust speciation data for total organic gases (TOG) for spark ignition (SI) engines running on gasoline/ethanol blends now in widespread use, and compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel fuel. We identified two data sets best suited for development of exhaust speciation profiles. Neither of these data sets have previously been published. We analyzed the resulting speciation profiles for differences in SI engine exhaust composition between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines using E0 (0% ethanol) and E10 (10% ethanol) blends, and differences in CI engine exhaust composition among engines meeting different emission standards. Exhaust speciation profiles were also analyzed to compare differences in maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) values; this is a useful indicator for evaluating how organic gases may affect ozone formation for air quality modeling. Our analyses found significant differences in speciated emissions from 2-stroke and 4-stroke SI engines, and between engines running on E0 and E10 fuels. We found significant differences in profiles from pre-Tier 1 CI engines, engines meeting Tier 1 standards, and engines meeting Tier 2 standards. Although data for nonroad CI engines meeting tier 4 standards with control devices such as particulate filters and selective catalyst reduction (SCR) devices were not available, data from highway CI engines suggest these technologies will substantially change profiles for nonroad CI engines as well (EPA, 2014c).Implications: The nonroad engine data sets analyzed in this study will substantially improve exhaust speciation profiles used to characterize organic gas emissions from nonroad engines. Since nonroad engines are major contributors to ambient air pollution, these profiles can considerably improve U.S. emission inventories for gaseous air toxics emitted from nonroad engines. The speciation profiles developed in this paper can be used to develop more accurate emission inputs to chemical transport models, leading to more accurate air quality modeling. C1 [Cook, Rich; Yanca, Catherine A.; Sonntag, Darrell B.] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cook.rich@epa.gov FU EPA; Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the ORISE participant research program support by an interagency agreement between EPA and the Department of Energy. This paper may not necessarily reflect the views of EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1185 EP 1193 DI 10.1080/10962247.2015.1020118 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT3QK UT WOS:000362721600003 PM 26452015 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Streets, DG de Foy, B Lamsal, LN Duncan, BN Xing, J AF Lu, Z. Streets, D. G. de Foy, B. Lamsal, L. N. Duncan, B. N. Xing, J. TI Emissions of nitrogen oxides from US urban areas: estimation from Ozone Monitoring Instrument retrievals for 2005-2014 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GOME-SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; OMI TROPOSPHERIC NO2; POWER-PLANT PLUMES; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SPACE; LIFETIMES; TRENDS; SO2; COLUMNS AB Satellite remote sensing of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can provide valuable information for estimating surface nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Using an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) method and taking into account the effect of wind on observed NO2 distributions, we estimate 3-year moving-average emissions of summertime NOx from 35 US (United States) urban areas directly from NO2 retrievals of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during 2005-2014. Following conclusions of previous studies that the EMG method provides robust and accurate emission estimates under strong-wind conditions, we derive top-down NOx emissions from each urban area by applying the EMG method to OMI data with wind speeds greater than 3-5 m s(-1). Meanwhile, we find that OMI NO2 observations under weak-wind conditions (i.e., < 3 m s(-1)) are qualitatively better correlated to the surface NOx source strength in comparison to all-wind OMI maps; therefore, we use them to calculate the satellite-observed NO2 burdens of urban areas and compare with NOx emission estimates. The EMG results show that OMI-derived NOx emissions are highly correlated (R > 0.93) with weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens as well as with bottom-up NOx emission estimates over 35 urban areas, implying a linear response of the OMI observations to surface emissions under weak-wind conditions. The simultaneous EMG-obtained effective NO2 lifetimes (similar to 3.5 +/- 1.3 h), however, are biased low in comparison to the summertime NO2 chemical lifetimes. In general, isolated urban areas with NOx emission intensities greater than similar to 2 Mg h(-1) produce statistically significant weak-wind signals in 3-year average OMI data. From 2005 to 2014, we estimate that total OMI-derived NOx emissions over all selected US urban areas decreased by 49 %, consistent with reductions of 43, 47, 49, and 44 % in the total bottom-up NOx emissions, the sum of weak-wind OMI NO2 columns, the total weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens, and the averaged NO2 concentrations, respectively, reflecting the success of NOx control programs for both mobile sources and power plants. The decrease rates of these NOx-related quantities are found to be faster (i.e., -6.8 to -9.3 % yr(-1)) before 2010 and slower (i.e., -3.4 to -4.9 % yr(-1)) after 2010. For individual urban areas, we calculate the R values of pair-wise trends among the OMI-derived and bottom-up NOx emissions, the weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens, and ground-based NO2 measurements, and high correlations are found for all urban areas (median R= 0.8), particularly large ones (R up to 0.97). The results of the current work indicate that using the EMG method and considering the wind effect, the OMI data allow for the estimation of NOx emissions from urban areas and the direct constraint of emission trends with reasonable accuracy. C1 [Lu, Z.; Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.; Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Xing, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zlu@anl.gov RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011 OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) program; Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) program, for which we are grateful to the NASA project officer John Haynes and the AQAST team leader Daniel Jacob. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI sensor available at www.temis.nl. The Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the US Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10367 EP 10383 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10367-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400009 ER PT J AU Teichman, KY Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Teichman, Kevin Y. Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. TI Indoor air quality in high-performing building case studies: Got data? SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTS AB This article is a review of how indoor air quality has been addressed in case studies of high-performing buildings, specifically the case studies described in ASHRAE's High Performing Buildings magazine. Nearly all of the reported case studies address energy performance, both in the design and operation of the building. In contrast, while most case studies mention indoor air quality design considerations, they generally do not address indoor air quality in a comprehensive manner, nor do they present the impacts of indoor air quality-related and other design considerations on indoor concentrations or on the health, comfort, and productivity of building occupants. Based upon this analysis, as well as existing standards and guidelines, a discussion is provided about what indoor air quality information should be collected during the early stages of a building's operation to demonstrate its indoor air quality performance. This information includes (a) documentation of key indoor air quality-related design features and their implementation during building construction, commissioning, and initial operation; (b) collection of indoor air quality performance data, including measured pollutant concentrations and ventilation rates; and (c) assessment of occupant satisfaction using occupant surveys. To facilitate comparisons of indoor air quality performance among buildings, suggestions are provided on how to collect and report this information in a consistent manner. C1 [Teichman, Kevin Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Teichman, KY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8101R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM teichman.kevin@epa.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2374-4731 EI 2374-474X J9 SCI TECHNOL BUILT EN JI Sci. Technol. Built Environ. PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 SI SI BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10789669.2014.976509 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CS4SW UT WOS:000362067200010 ER PT J AU Xing, J Mathur, R Pleim, J Hogrefe, C Gan, CM Wong, DC Wei, C AF Xing, J. Mathur, R. Pleim, J. Hogrefe, C. Gan, C. -M. Wong, D. C. Wei, C. TI Can a coupled meteorology-chemistry model reproduce the historical trend in aerosol direct radiative effects over the Northern Hemisphere? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-POLLUTION; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERE RADIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; EARTHS SURFACE AB The ability of a coupled meteorology-chemistry model, i.e., Weather Research and Forecast and Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ), to reproduce the historical trend in aerosol optical depth (AOD) and clear-sky shortwave radiation (SWR) over the Northern Hemisphere has been evaluated through a comparison of 21-year simulated results with observation-derived records from 1990 to 2010. Six satellite-retrieved AOD products including AVHRR, TOMS, SeaWiFS, MISR, MODIS-Terra and MODIS-Aqua as well as long-term historical records from 11 AERONET sites were used for the comparison of AOD trends. Clear-sky SWR products derived by CERES at both the top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface as well as surface SWR data derived from seven SURFRAD sites were used for the comparison of trends in SWR. The model successfully captured increasing AOD trends along with the corresponding increased TOA SWR (upwelling) and decreased surface SWR (downwelling) in both eastern China and the northern Pacific. The model also captured declining AOD trends along with the corresponding decreased TOA SWR (upwelling) and increased surface SWR (downwelling) in the eastern US, Europe and the northern Atlantic for the period of 2000-2010. However, the model underestimated the AOD over regions with substantial natural dust aerosol contributions, such as the Sahara Desert, Arabian Desert, central Atlantic and northern Indian Ocean. Estimates of the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) at TOA are comparable with those derived by measurements. Compared to global climate models (GCMs), the model exhibits better estimates of surface-aerosol direct radiative efficiency (E-tau). However, surface-DRE tends to be underestimated due to the underestimated AOD in land and dust regions. Further investigation of TOA-E-tau estimations as well as the dust module used for estimates of windblown-dust emissions is needed. C1 [Xing, J.; Mathur, R.; Pleim, J.; Hogrefe, C.; Gan, C. -M.; Wong, D. C.; Wei, C.] US EPA, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Wei, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Xing, J (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM xing.jia@epa.gov RI wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU Department of Energy project (IA) [DE-SC000378]; EPA (IA) [RW-89-9233260 1]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA FX This work was supported in part by an inter-agency agreement between the Department of Energy project (IA number is DE-SC000378) and the EPA (IA number is RW-89-9233260 1). This research was performed while Jia Xing and Chuen-Meei Gan held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the availability of AVHRR, TOMS, SeaWiFS, MISR, MODIS-Terra and MODIS-Aqua, CERES, AERONET, and SURFRAD data. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 17 BP 9997 EP 10018 DI 10.5194/acp-15-9997-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR7YH UT WOS:000361567600016 ER PT B AU El-Masri, H McLanahan, E Martin, S AF El-Masri, Hisham McLanahan, Eva Martin, Sheppard BE AbouDonia, MB TI Principles of Toxicokinetics and Predictive Toxicokinetics Modeling SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DERMAL ABSORPTION; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; PBPK MODEL; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; BREATH CONCENTRATIONS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; HUMANS; RATS; CHLOROFORM; OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE C1 [El-Masri, Hisham] US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McLanahan, Eva] US PHS, Div Community Hlth Invest, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, Sheppard] Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP El-Masri, H (reprint author), US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 85 EP 99 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100006 ER PT B AU Louis, G Stoker, T AF Louis, Gwendolyn Stoker, Tammy BE AbouDonia, MB TI Endocrine Disruptors SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; EXPOSED IN-UTERO; GENE-EXPRESSION; FEMALE RAT; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT C1 [Louis, Gwendolyn; Stoker, Tammy] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Louis, G (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27709 USA. NR 134 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 289 EP 308 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100015 ER PT B AU Luebke, RW AF Luebke, Robert W. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Immune System Toxicity and Immunotoxicity Hazard Identification SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOOD ALLERGY; INFLUENZA INFECTION; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CHRONIC STRESS; SEX-HORMONES; EXPOSED MICE; LEAD; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFLAMMATION C1 US EPA, Cardiovasc & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiovasc & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 323 EP 339 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100017 ER PT B AU Klinefelter, GR AF Klinefelter, Gary R. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Male Reproductive Toxicology: Environmental Exposures versus Reproductive Competence SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; SPERM; RAT; FERTILITY; TESTIS; ANTIANDROGENS; PHTHALATE; ANIMALS; SEMEN; SP22 C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxicol Assessment Div, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Klinefelter, GR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxicol Assessment Div, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 472 EP 491 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100022 ER PT B AU Goldman, JM Cooper, RL AF Goldman, Jerome M. Cooper, Ralph L. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Female Reproductive Toxicology SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; MAMMALIAN OVA; BISPHENOL-A; IN-UTERO; HYPOTHALAMIC CATECHOLAMINES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS C1 [Goldman, Jerome M.; Cooper, Ralph L.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 493 EP 517 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100023 ER PT B AU Farraj, AK Hazari, MS Costa, DL AF Farraj, Aimen K. Hazari, Mehdi S. Costa, Daniel L. BE AbouDonia, MB TI Pulmonary Toxicology SO MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; TOXICITY; LUNG; MECHANISMS; EXPOSURE; ASBESTOS; ASTHMA; PNEUMOCONIOSIS C1 [Farraj, Aimen K.; Hazari, Mehdi S.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68348-4; 978-1-119-94041-8 PY 2015 BP 519 EP 538 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BD5RT UT WOS:000361757100024 ER PT J AU Spassova, MA Miller, DJ Nikolov, AS AF Spassova, Maria A. Miller, David J. Nikolov, Alexander S. TI Kinetic Modeling Reveals the Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and DNA Repair Processes in Shaping the Dose-Response Curve of KBrO3-Induced DNA Damage SO OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS END-POINTS; POTASSIUM BROMATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CELL-PROLIFERATION; GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; IWGT REPORT; CARCINOGENICITY; MUTAGENICITY; KIDNEYS AB We have developed a kinetic model to investigate how DNA repair processes and scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect the dose-response shape of prooxidant induced DNA damage. We used as an example chemical KBrO3 which is activated by glutathione and forms reactive intermediates that directly interact with DNA to form 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts (8-OH-dG). The single strand breaks (SSB) that can result from failed base excision repair of these adducts were considered as an effect downstream from 8-OH-dG. We previously demonstrated that, in the presence of effective base excision repair, 8-OH-dG can exhibit threshold-like dose-response dependence, while the downstream SSB can still exhibit a linear dose-response. Here we demonstrate that this result holds for a variety of conditions, including low levels of GSH, the presence of additional SSB repair mechanisms, or a scavenger. It has been shown that melatonin, a terminal scavenger, inhibits KBrO3-caused oxidative damage. Our modeling revealed that sustained exposure to KBrO3 can lead to fast scavenger exhaustion, in which case the dose-response shapes for both endpoints are not substantially affected. The results are important to consider when forming conclusions on a chemical's toxicity dose dependence based on the dose-response of early genotoxic events. C1 [Spassova, Maria A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Miller, David J.] NCI, Div Canc Biol, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Nikolov, Alexander S.] Langley High Sch, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Spassova, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM spassova.maria@epa.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1942-0900 EI 1942-0994 J9 OXID MED CELL LONGEV JI Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. PY 2015 AR 764375 DI 10.1155/2015/764375 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CR9HB UT WOS:000361664000001 ER PT J AU Williams, WC Lehmann, JR Boykin, E Selgrade, MK Lehmann, DM AF Williams, W. C. Lehmann, J. R. Boykin, E. Selgrade, M. K. Lehmann, D. M. TI Lung function changes in mice sensitized to ammonium hexachloroplatinate SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammonium hexachloroplatinate; occupational asthma; platinum; pulmonary hyperresponsiveness; respiratory hypersensitivity; whole-body plethysmography ID TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE POWDER; PLATINUM REFINERY WORKERS; ONLY INHALATION EXPOSURE; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE TDI; ALLERGIC AIRWAYS DISEASE; GROUP METAL-SALTS; DERMAL SENSITIZATION; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; COMPLEX SALTS AB Occupational exposure to halogenated platinum salts can trigger the development of asthma. The risk to the general population that may result from the use of platinum in catalytic converters and its emerging use as a diesel fuel additive is unclear. To investigate pulmonary responses to platinum, we developed a mouse model of platinum hypersensitivity. Mice were sensitized through application of ammonium hexachloroplatinate (AHCP) to the shaved back on days 0, 5 and 19, and to each ear on days 10, 11 and 12. On days 24 and 29, mice were challenged by oropharyngeal aspiration with AHCP in saline. Before and immediately after challenge, pulmonary responses were assessed using whole body plethysmography (WBP). A dose-dependent increase in immediate responses was observed in AHCP-sensitized and challenged mice. On days 26 and 31, changes in ventilatory responses to methacholine (Mch) aerosol were assessed by WBP; dose-dependent increases in Mch responsiveness occurred in sensitized mice. Lymph node cell counts indicate a proliferative response in lymph nodes draining the sites of application. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid harvested from sensitized mice contained an average of 5% eosinophils compared to less than 0.5% in non-sensitized mice (p<0.05); significant increases in total serum immunoglobulin E were observed for all sensitized mice. Although a second airway challenge on day 29 affected some results, only one airway challenge was needed to observe changes in lung function. C1 [Williams, W. C.; Lehmann, J. R.; Boykin, E.; Lehmann, D. M.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Selgrade, M. K.] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Lehmann, DM (reprint author), US EPA, EPHD Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, NHEERL, Mail Drop B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lehmann.david@epa.gov NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 10 BP 468 EP 480 DI 10.3109/08958378.2015.1070219 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CR4TN UT WOS:000361332100003 PM 26309092 ER PT J AU Budisulistiorini, SH Li, X Bairai, ST Renfro, J Liu, Y Liu, YJ McKinney, KA Martin, ST McNeill, VF Pye, HOT Nenes, A Neff, ME Stone, EA Mueller, S Knote, C Shaw, SL Zhang, Z Gold, A Surratt, JD AF Budisulistiorini, S. H. Li, X. Bairai, S. T. Renfro, J. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. J. McKinney, K. A. Martin, S. T. McNeill, V. F. Pye, H. O. T. Nenes, A. Neff, M. E. Stone, E. A. Mueller, S. Knote, C. Shaw, S. L. Zhang, Z. Gold, A. Surratt, J. D. TI Examining the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at the Look Rock, Tennessee ground site SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL SPECIATION MONITOR; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FINE-PARTICLE WATER; REACTIVE UPTAKE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AMBIENT AEROSOL; ORGANOSULFATE FORMATION; 2-METHYLGLYCERIC ACID AB A suite of offline and real-time gas-and particlephase measurements was deployed at Look Rock, Tennessee (TN), during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) to examine the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. High-and low-time-resolution PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of known tracer compounds in isoprene-derived SOA by gas chromatography/electron ionizationmass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection-electrospray ionization-high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/DAD-ESI-HR-QTOFMS). Source apportionment of the organic aerosol (OA) was determined by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of mass spectro-metric data acquired on an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). Campaign average mass concentrations of the sum of quantified isoprene-derived SOA tracers contributed to similar to 9% (up to 28 %) of the total OA mass, with isoprene-epoxydiol (IEPOX) chemistry accounting for similar to 97% of the quantified tracers. PMF analysis resolved a factor with a profile similar to the IEPOX-OA factor resolved in an Atlanta study and was therefore designated IEPOX-OA. This factor was strongly correlated (r(2) > 0.7) with 2-methyltetrols, C5-alkene triols, IEPOX-derived organosulfates, and dimers of organosulfates, confirming the role of IEPOX chemistry as the source. On average, IEPOX-derived SOA tracer mass was similar to 26% (up to 49 %) of the IEPOX-OA factor mass, which accounted for 32% of the total OA. A low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) and an oxidized factor with a profile similar to 91Fac observed in areas where emissions are biogenic-dominated were also resolved by PMF analysis, whereas no primary organic aerosol (POA) sources could be resolved. These findings were consistent with low levels of primary pollutants, such as nitric oxide (NO similar to 0.03 ppb), carbon monoxide (CO similar to 116 ppb), and black carbon (BC similar to 0.2 mu g m(-3)). Particle-phase sulfate is fairly correlated (r(2) similar to 0.3) with both methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE)/hydroxymethyl-methyl-ff lactone (HMML)-(henceforth called methacrolein (MACR)derived SOA tracers) and IEPOX-derived SOA tracers, and more strongly correlated (r(2) similar to 0.6) with the IEPOX-OA factor, in sum suggesting an important role of sulfate in isoprene SOA formation. Moderate correlation between the MACR-derived SOA tracer 2-methylglyceric acid with sum of reactive and reservoir nitrogen oxides (NOy; r(2) = 0.38) and nitrate (r(2) = 0.45) indicates the potential influence of anthropogenic emissions through long-range transport. Despite the lack of a clear association of IEPOX-OA with locally estimated aerosol acidity and liquid water content (LWC), box model calculations of IEPOX uptake using the simpleGAMMA model, accounting for the role of acidity and aerosol water, predicted the abundance of the IEPOX-derived SOA tracers 2-methyltetrols and the corresponding sulfates with good accuracy (r(2) similar to 0.5 and similar to 0.7, respectively). The modeling and data combined suggest an anthropogenic influence on isoprene-derived SOA formation through acid-catalyzed heterogeneous chemistry of IEPOX in the southeastern US. However, it appears that this process was not limited by aerosol acidity or LWC at Look Rock during SOAS. Future studies should further explore the extent to which acidity and LWC as well as aerosol viscosity and morphology becomes a limiting factor of IEPOX-derived SOA, and their modulation by anthropogenic emissions. C1 [Budisulistiorini, S. H.; Li, X.; Zhang, Z.; Gold, A.; Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Bairai, S. T.; Mueller, S.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Renfro, J.] Natl Pk Serv, Gatlinburg, TN USA. [Liu, Y.; Liu, Y. J.; McKinney, K. A.; Martin, S. T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNeill, V. F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. [Budisulistiorini, S. H.; Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Hellas, Fdn Res & Technol, ICE HT, Patras, Greece. [Neff, M. E.; Stone, E. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Knote, C.] Univ Munich, Dept Expt Meteorol, Munich, Germany. [Shaw, S. L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Surratt, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM surratt@unc.edu RI Martin, Scot/G-1094-2015; Knote, Christoph/A-9809-2010; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012 OI Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554; Knote, Christoph/0000-0001-9105-9179; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [835404]; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310064]; Fulbright Presidential Fellowship; UNC Graduate School Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [835401] FX This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through grant number 835404. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication, but may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The author would also like to thank the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) for their support. This study was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office's AC4 program, award # NA13OAR4310064. We thank Bill Hicks of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for his assistance in collecting the collocated monitoring data at the LRK site. S. H. Budisulistiorini was supported by a Fulbright Presidential Fellowship (2010-2013) for attending the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the UNC Graduate School Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship, as well as partial appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. M. Neff and E. A. Stone were supported by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant number 835401. The authors thank Lynn Russell, Timothy Bertram and Christopher Cappa as well as their respective groups for their collaboration during the SOAS campaign at LRK. The authors thank Louisa Emmons for her assistance with forecasts made available during the SOAS campaign. The authors thank John Offenberg for providing access to a Sunset Laboratory OC/EC analysis instrument. The authors also thank Tianqu Cui for his assistance in helping deploy instrumentation from the UNC group, and Wendy Marth and Theran Riedel for their assistance in helping calibrate the acetate CIMS. We would like to thank Annmarie Carlton, Joost deGouw, Jose Jimenez, and Allen Goldstein for helping to organize the SOAS campaign and coordinating communication between ground sites. NR 86 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 23 U2 82 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 15 BP 8871 EP 8888 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP5UI UT WOS:000359949700019 ER PT J AU Yahya, K Wang, K Zhang, Y Kleindienst, TE AF Yahya, K. Wang, K. Zhang, Y. Kleindienst, T. E. TI Application of WRF/Chem over North America under the AQMEII Phase 2-Part 2: Evaluation of 2010 application and responses of air quality and meteorology-chemistry interactions to changes in emissions and meteorology from 2006 to 2010 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; EXTREME HEAT EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; US; IMPACTS; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; MODELS AB The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) simulation with the 2005 Carbon Bond (CB05) gas-phase mechanism coupled to the Modal for Aerosol Dynamics for Europe (MADE) and the volatility basis set approach for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are conducted over a domain in North America for 2006 and 2010 as part of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) Phase 2 project. Following the Part 1 paper that focuses on the evaluation of the 2006 simulations, this Part 2 paper focuses on a comparison of model performance in 2006 and 2010 as well as analysis of the responses of air quality and meteorology-chemistry interactions to changes in emissions and meteorology from 2006 to 2010. In general, emissions for gaseous and aerosol species decrease from 2006 to 2010, leading to a reduction in gaseous and aerosol concentrations and associated changes in radiation and cloud variables due to various feedback mechanisms. WRF/Chem is able to reproduce most observations and the observed variation trends from 2006 to 2010, despite its slightly worse performance than WRF that is likely due to inaccurate chemistry feedbacks resulting from less accurate emissions and chemical boundary conditions (BCONs) in 2010. Compared to 2006, the performance for most meteorological variables in 2010 gives lower normalized mean biases but higher normalized mean errors and lower correlation coefficients. The model also shows poorer performance for most chemical variables in 2010. This could be attributed to underestimations in emissions of some species, such as primary organic aerosol in some areas of the US in 2010, and inaccurate chemical BCONs and meteorological predictions. The inclusion of chemical feedbacks in WRF/Chem reduces biases in meteorological predictions in 2010; however, it increases errors and weakens correlations comparing to WRF simulations. Sensitivity simulations show that the net changes in meteorological variables from 2006 to 2010 are mostly influenced by changes in meteorology and those of ozone and fine particulate matter are influenced to a large extent by emissions and/or chemical BCONs and to a lesser extent by changes in meteorology. Using a different set of emissions and/or chemical BCONs helps improve the performance of individual variables, although it does not improve the degree of agreement with observed interannual trends. These results indicate a need to further improve the accuracy and consistency of emissions and chemical BCONs, the representations of SOA and chemistry-meteorology feedbacks in the online-coupled models. C1 [Yahya, K.; Wang, K.; Zhang, Y.] NCSU, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kleindienst, T. E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NCSU, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yzhang9@ncsu.edu RI Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013 OI Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989 FU National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575]; National Science Foundation and Information Systems Laboratory at NCSU; National Science Foundation and Stampede; National Science Foundation EaSM program at NCSU [AGS-1049200] FX This study is funded by the National Science Foundation EaSM program (AGS-1049200) at NCSU. The following agencies have prepared the data sets used in this study: the U.S. EPA (North American emissions processing), Environment Canada, Mexican Secretariat of the Environment and Natural Resources (Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, SE-MARNAT) and National Institute of Ecology (Instituto Nacional de Ecologia - INE) (North American national emissions inventories), the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Global and Regional Earth-system (Atmosphere) Monitoring using Satellite and in situ data (ECMWF/GEMS) project and Meteo France/Centre national de recherches meteorologiques (CNRM-GAME) for the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) ICONs/BCONs. Meteorological ICONs/BCONs are provided by the National Center for Environmental Protection. Ambient North American concentration measurements are provided by several US networks (AQS, CASTNET, IMPROVE, SEARCH, and STN). North American precipitation-chemistry measurements are provided by several US networks (CASTNET, and NADP). GPCC precipitation data are provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory in the Physical Sciences Division (NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD), Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The 2006 and 2010 SOA/OC data at RTP, NC, Bakersfield and Pasadena, CA, were provided by John Offenberg, U.S. EPA. Cloud variables were provided by MODIS. We thank Georg Grell, NOAA, Christian Hogrefe, US EPA, Paul Makar, Environment Canada, Christoph Knote, NCAR, and Patrick Campbell, NCSU, for helpful discussions on inputs and outputs of AQMEII model intercomparison. We would also like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Stampede, provided as an Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) digital service by the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2095 EP 2117 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-2095-2015 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO1LQ UT WOS:000358917100011 ER PT J AU Sproles, EA Leibowitz, SG Reager, JT Wigington, PJ Famiglietti, JS Patil, SD AF Sproles, E. A. Leibowitz, S. G. Reager, J. T. Wigington, P. J., Jr. Famiglietti, J. S. Patil, S. D. TI GRACE storage-runoff hystereses reveal the dynamics of regional watersheds SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; OREGON CASCADES; SOIL-MOISTURE; RIVER-BASIN; MOUNTAIN HYDROLOGY; SNOWPACK; MODEL AB We characterize how regional watersheds function as simple, dynamic systems through a series of hysteresis loops using measurements from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. These loops illustrate the temporal relationship between runoff and terrestrial water storage in three regional-scale watersheds (> 150 000 km(2)) of the Columbia River Basin, USA and Canada. The shape and size of the hysteresis loops are controlled by the climate, topography, and geology of the watershed. The direction of the hystereses for the GRACE signals moves in opposite directions from the isolated groundwater hystereses. The subsurface water (soil moisture and groundwater) hystereses more closely resemble the storage-runoff relationship of a soil matrix. While the physical processes underlying these hystereses are inherently complex, the vertical integration of terrestrial water in the GRACE signal encapsulates the processes that govern the non-linear function of regional-scale watersheds. We use this process-based understanding to test how GRACE data can be applied prognostically to predict seasonal runoff (mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.91) and monthly runoff during the low flow/high demand month of August (mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.77) in all three watersheds. The global nature of GRACE data allows this same methodology to be applied in other regional-scale studies, and could be particularly useful in regions with minimal data and in trans-boundary watersheds. C1 [Sproles, E. A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Sproles, E. A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leibowitz, S. G.; Wigington, P. J., Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Reager, J. T.; Famiglietti, J. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Patil, S. D.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Sproles, E. A.] Univ La Serena, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, La Serena 1305, Chile. RP Sproles, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM eric.sproles@gmail.com RI Patil, Sopan/E-8497-2011; OI Patil, Sopan/0000-0002-8575-5220; Sproles, Eric/0000-0003-1245-1653 FU NASA MEaSUREs Program; US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Matthew Rodell and Felix Landerer for their expertise in understanding GRACE data during the initial stages of the research. GRACE terrestrial data were processed by Sean Swenson, supported by the NASA MEaSUREs Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. The GLDAS and NLDAS data used in this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. We would like to thank the reviewers of the manuscript that have helped improve its overall quality. Additionally, Tim Kerr provided objective feedback and comments on the research findings. The information in this document has been funded entirely by the US Environmental Protection Agency, in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 7 BP 3253 EP 3272 DI 10.5194/hess-19-3253-2015 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CO1MA UT WOS:000358918200016 ER PT S AU Harper, S Wohlleben, W Doa, M Nowack, B Clancy, S Canady, R Maynard, A AF Harper, Stacey Wohlleben, Wendel Doa, Maria Nowack, Bernd Clancy, Shaun Canady, Richard Maynard, Andrew GP IOP TI Measuring Nanomaterial Release from Carbon Nanotube Composites: Review of the State of the Science SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SAFE PRODUCTION AND USE OF NANOMATERIALS (NANOSAFE2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Safe Production and Use of Nanomaterials (Nanosafe) CY NOV 18-20, 2014 CL Grenoble, FRANCE ID EPOXY-BASED NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOPARTICLE RELEASE; POLYMER COMPOSITES; POTENTIAL RELEASE; LIFE-CYCLE; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENT; SCENARIOS AB Hazard studies of "as-produced" nanomaterials are increasingly available, yet a critical gap exists in exposure science that may impede safe development of nanomaterials. The gap is that we do not understand what is actually released because nanomaterials can change when released in ways that are not understood. We also generally do not have methods capable of quantitatively measuring what is released to support dose assessment. This review presents a case study of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the measurement challenge to bridge this gap. As the use and value of MWCNTs increases, methods to measure what is released in ways relevant to risk evaluation are critically needed if products containing these materials are to be economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. This review draws on the input of over 50 experts engaged in a program of workshops and technical report writing to address the release of MWCNTs from nanocomposite materials across their life cycle. The expert analyses reveals that new and sophisticated methods are required to measure and assess MWCNT exposures for realistic exposure scenarios. Furthermore, method requirements vary with the materials and conditions of release across life cycle stages of products. While review shows that the likelihood of significant release of MWCNTs appears to be low for many stages of composite life cycle, measurement methods are needed so that exposures from MWCNT-composites are understood and managed. In addition, there is an immediate need to refocus attention from study of "as-produced" nanomaterials to coordinated research on actual release scenarios. C1 [Harper, Stacey] Oregon State Univ, Environm & Mol Toxicol, Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wohlleben, Wendel] BASF SE, Mat Phys, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Doa, Maria] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Nowack, Bernd] EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Technol & Soc Lab, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. [Clancy, Shaun] Evonik Corp, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA. [Canady, Richard] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Risk Sci Innovat & Applicat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Maynard, Andrew] Univ Michigan, Risk Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Harper, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Environm & Mol Toxicol, Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcanady@ilsi.org RI Nowack, Bernd/B-6425-2008 OI Nowack, Bernd/0000-0002-5676-112X NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 617 AR 012026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/617/1/012026 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BD1HU UT WOS:000358033300026 ER PT J AU Fu, X Wang, SX Ran, LM Pleim, JE Cooter, E Bash, JO Benson, V Hao, JM AF Fu, X. Wang, S. X. Ran, L. M. Pleim, J. E. Cooter, E. Bash, J. O. Benson, V. Hao, J. M. TI Estimating NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; INORGANIC AEROSOLS; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; HAZE POLLUTION; IMPACT AB Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in atmospheric aerosol chemistry. China is one of the largest NH3 emitting countries with the majority of NH3 emissions coming from agricultural practices, such as fertilizer application and livestock production. The current NH3 emission estimates in China are mainly based on pre-defined emission factors that lack temporal or spatial details, which are needed to accurately predict NH3 emissions. This study provides the first online estimate of NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China, using an agricultural fertilizer modeling system which couples a regional air quality model (the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model, or CMAQ) and an agro-ecosystem model (the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model, or EPIC). This method improves the spatial and temporal resolution of NH3 emissions from this sector. We combined the cropland area data of 14 crops from 2710 counties with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land use data to determine the crop distribution. The fertilizer application rates and methods for different crops were collected at provincial or agricultural region levels. The EPIC outputs of daily fertilizer application and soil characteristics were input into the CMAQ model and the hourly NH3 emissions were calculated online with CMAQ running. The estimated agricultural fertilizer NH3 emissions in this study were approximately 3 Tg in 2011. The regions with the highest modeled emission rates are located in the North China Plain. Seasonally, peak ammonia emissions occur from April to July. Compared with previous researches, this study considers an increased number of influencing factors, such as meteorological fields, soil and fertilizer application, and provides improved NH3 emissions with higher spatial and temporal resolution. C1 [Fu, X.; Wang, S. X.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Fu, X.; Wang, S. X.] State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ran, L. M.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Pleim, J. E.; Cooter, E.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benson, V.] Benson Consulting, Columbia, MO USA. [Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Reg Environm Qual, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Wang, SX (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn RI wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21221004]; MEP's special funds for Research on Public Welfare [201309009, 201409002]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XBD05020300] FX This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21221004), MEP's special funds for Research on Public Welfare (201309009, 201409002), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBD05020300). This work was completed on the "Explorer 100" cluster system of Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology. The authors also appreciate the help of Jimmy R. Williams at Texas A&M University, Youlu Bai from the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, and Margaret Ledyard-Marks in UNC Institute for the Environment. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the agency. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 13 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6637 EP 6649 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6637-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500006 ER PT J AU Arcaya, MC Arcaya, AL Subramanian, SV AF Arcaya, Mariana C. Arcaya, Alyssa L. Subramanian, S. V. TI Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories SO GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION LA English DT Review DE health disparities; inequality; inequity; theory ID SOCIAL INEQUALITIES; LIFE EXPECTANCY; SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES; INCOME INEQUALITY; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DETERMINANTS; DISPARITIES; EQUITY; EXPLANATION AB Individuals from different backgrounds, social groups, and countries enjoy different levels of health. This article defines and distinguishes between unavoidable health inequalities and unjust and preventable health inequities. We describe the dimensions along which health inequalities are commonly examined, including across the global population, between countries or states, and within geographies, by socially relevant groupings such as race/ethnicity, gender, education, caste, income, occupation, and more. Different theories attempt to explain group-level differences in health, including psychosocial, material deprivation, health behavior, environmental, and selection explanations. Concepts of relative versus absolute; dose-response versus threshold; composition versus context; place versus space; the life course perspective on health; causal pathways to health; conditional health effects; and group-level versus individual differences are vital in understanding health inequalities. We close by reflecting on what conditions make health inequalities unjust, and to consider the merits of policies that prioritize the elimination of health disparities versus those that focus on raising the overall standard of health in a population. C1 [Arcaya, Mariana C.; Subramanian, S. V.] Boston Univ, Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Arcaya, Alyssa L.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. RP Subramanian, SV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM svsubram@hsph.harvard.edu NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1654-9880 J9 GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION JI Glob. Health Action PY 2015 VL 8 AR 27106 DI 10.3402/gha.v8.27106 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CL4RL UT WOS:000356941000001 PM 28156715 ER PT J AU Hildenbrand, ZL Osorio, A Carlton, DD Fontenot, BE Walton, JL Hunt, LR Oka, H Hopkins, D Bjorndal, B Schug, KA AF Hildenbrand, Zacariah L. Osorio, Alexandra Carlton, Doug D., Jr. Fontenot, Brian E. Walton, Jayme L. Hunt, Laura R. Oka, Hyppolite Hopkins, Dan Bjorndal, Bryan Schug, Kevin A. TI Rapid Analysis of Eukaryotic Bioluminescence to Assess Potential Groundwater Contamination Events SO JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER WELLS; GAS EXTRACTION AB Here we present data using a bioluminescent dinoflagellate, Pyrocystis lunula, in a toxicological bioassay to rapidly assess potential instances of groundwater contamination associated with natural gas extraction. P. lunula bioluminescence can be quantified using spectrophotometry as a measurement of organismal viability, with normal bioluminescent output declining with increasing concentration(s) of aqueous toxicants. Glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid (HCl), components used in hydraulic fracturing and shale acidization, triggered significant toxicological responses in as little as 4 h. Conversely, P. lunula was not affected by the presence of arsenic, selenium, barium, and strontium, naturally occurring heavy metal ions potentially associated with unconventional drilling activities. If exogenous compounds, such as glutaraldehyde and HCl, are thought to have been introduced into groundwater, quantification of P. lunula bioluminescence after exposure to water samples can serve as a cost-effective detection and risk assessment tool to rapidly assess the impact of putative contamination events attributed to unconventional drilling activity. C1 [Hildenbrand, Zacariah L.; Carlton, Doug D., Jr.; Fontenot, Brian E.; Hunt, Laura R.; Oka, Hyppolite; Schug, Kevin A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Hildenbrand, Zacariah L.; Carlton, Doug D., Jr.; Fontenot, Brian E.; Hunt, Laura R.; Oka, Hyppolite; Schug, Kevin A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Chem & Biochem, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Hildenbrand, Zacariah L.] Inform Environm LLC, Dallas, TX 75206 USA. [Osorio, Alexandra; Bjorndal, Bryan] Assure Controls Inc, Vista, CA 92081 USA. [Fontenot, Brian E.; Hunt, Laura R.] US EPA, Water Qual Protect Div, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Walton, Jayme L.] SWCA Environm Consultants, Arlington, TX 76006 USA. [Hopkins, Dan] Geotech Environm Equipment Inc, Carrollton, TX 75006 USA. RP Schug, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM kschug@uta.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2090-9063 EI 2090-9071 J9 J CHEM-NY JI J. Chem. PY 2015 AR 957608 DI 10.1155/2015/957608 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CL2JV UT WOS:000356770600001 ER PT J AU McAlary, T Groenevelt, H Disher, S Arnold, J Seethapathy, S Sacco, P Crump, D Schumacher, B Hayes, H Johnson, P Gorecki, T AF McAlary, Todd Groenevelt, Hester Disher, Stephen Arnold, Jason Seethapathy, Suresh Sacco, Paolo Crump, Derrick Schumacher, Brian Hayes, Heidi Johnson, Paul Gorecki, Tadeusz TI Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds in indoor air-controlled laboratory comparison of four sampler types (vol 17, pg 896, 2015) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Correction C1 [McAlary, Todd; Groenevelt, Hester] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. [Disher, Stephen; Arnold, Jason; Hayes, Heidi] Eurofins Air Tox Inc, Folsom, CA USA. [Disher, Stephen; Arnold, Jason; Hayes, Heidi] Air Tox Ltd, Folsom, CA USA. [Seethapathy, Suresh; Gorecki, Tadeusz] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Sacco, Paolo] Fdn Salvatore Maugeri, Padua, Italy. [Crump, Derrick] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Schumacher, Brian] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Johnson, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP McAlary, T (reprint author), Geosyntec Consultants Inc, 130 Res Lane 2, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. EM tmcalary@geosyntec.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1190 EP 1190 DI 10.1039/c5em90021b PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK2QW UT WOS:000356057300019 PM 25994121 ER PT J AU Collier, SA Wade, TJ Sams, EA Hlavsa, MC Dufour, AP Beach, MJ AF Collier, Sarah A. Wade, Timothy J. Sams, Elizabeth A. Hlavsa, Michele C. Dufour, Alfred P. Beach, Michael J. TI Swimming in the USA: beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes at US marine and freshwater beaches SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal illness; health outcomes; healthcare utilization; natural waters; recreational water; swimming ID RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; UNITED-STATES; RECREATIONAL WATER; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; OTITIS-EXTERNA; ILLNESS; QUALITY; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; PATHOGENS AB Swimming in lakes and oceans is popular, but little is known about the demographic characteristics, behaviors, and health risks of beachgoers on a national level. Data from a prospective cohort study of beachgoers at multiple marine and freshwater beaches in the USA were used to describe beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes for swimmers and non-swimmers. This analysis included 54,250 participants. Most (73.2%) entered the water; of those, 65.1% put their head under water, 41.3% got water in their mouth and 18.5% swallowed water. Overall, 16.3% of beachgoers reported any new health problem. Among swimmers, 6.6% reported gastrointestinal (GI) illness compared with 5.5% of non-swimmers (unadjusted chi(2) p < 0.001); 6.0% of swimmers and 4.9% of non-swimmers reported respiratory illness (p < 0.001); 1.8% of swimmers and 1.0% of non-swimmers reported ear problems (p < 0.001); and 3.9% of swimmers and 2.4% of non-swimmers experienced a rash (p < 0.001). Overall, swimmers reported a higher unadjusted incidence of GI illness and earaches than nonswimmers. Current surveillance systems might not detect individual cases and outbreaks of illness associated with swimming in natural water. Better knowledge of beachgoer characteristics, activities, and health risks associated with swimming in natural water can improve disease surveillance and prioritize limited resources. C1 [Collier, Sarah A.; Hlavsa, Michele C.; Beach, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.; Sams, Elizabeth A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dufour, Alfred P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Collier, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SCollier@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2015 VL 13 IS 2 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.095 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CK2ET UT WOS:000356024100022 PM 26042984 ER PT J AU Ferreira, WR Ligeiro, R Macedo, DR Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Oliveira, LG Callisto, M AF Ferreira, Wander R. Ligeiro, Raphael Macedo, Diego R. Hughes, Robert M. Kaufmann, Philip R. Oliveira, Leandro G. Callisto, Marcos TI Is the diet of a typical shredder related to the physical habitat of headwater streams in the Brazilian Cerrado? SO ANNALES DE LIMNOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gut contents; aquatic macroinvertebrates; trophic guilds; tropical streams; stream habitat conservation ID PHYLLOICUS SP TRICHOPTERA; LEAF-LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FEEDING PLASTICITY; AUSTRALIAN STREAMS; PARTICULATE MATTER; MULTIMETRIC INDEX AB Macroinvertebrates are important for processing leaf detritus in temperate streams, but studies about their role in tropical streams often present conflicting results. Via digestive tract analyses, we assessed the diets of Phylloicus sp. larvae (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), collected from streams of two southeastern Brazil river basins (Araguari, Sao Francisco). We classified gut contents as coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), algae, animal tissue, vascular plant tissue and mineral material. We hypothesized that the diets of Phylloicus larvae would be related to the physical habitat of the streams (e.g., riparian vegetation, organic matter availability and morphological characteristics), larval size and river basin. Although FPOM content predominated in both basins, we found greater CPOM content in Phylloicus larvae of Upper Sao Francisco sites, and this food item was related to greater riparian vegetation canopy density. The FPOM content was greater in larvae of Upper Araguari sites, and this food item was correlated with greater instream brush cover. Algae, animal tissue, vascular plant tissue and mineral material were very rare in the digestive tracts, and therefore could not be explained. These results indicate the importance of riparian vegetation structure in modulating feeding habitats of macroinvertebrates. We conclude that the Phylloicus larvae had more flexibility in what they eat than we might expect based on their traditional classification as shredders. Therefore, trusting in published classifications, ignoring regional or local differences, may be inaccurate. Instead, regional studies of feeding habits are needed for accurate classifications of invertebrate taxa into trophic guilds. C1 [Ferreira, Wander R.; Ligeiro, Raphael; Macedo, Diego R.; Callisto, Marcos] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol Bentos, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Macedo, Diego R.] Inst Brasileiro Geog & Estat, BR-30310150 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Oliveira, Leandro G.] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. RP Ferreira, WR (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol Bentos, Av Antonio Carlos 6627,CP 486, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM ferreirawr@gmail.com RI Ligeiro, Raphael/K-7791-2015; Callisto, Marcos/O-4930-2015; Macedo, Diego/G-2506-2015 OI Ligeiro, Raphael/0000-0001-9717-5461; Callisto, Marcos/0000-0003-2341-4700; Macedo, Diego/0000-0002-1178-4969 FU CNPq [471385/2011-5, 302960/2011-2]; FAPEMIG [PPM-00077/13] FX We are grateful to the Peixe-Vivo Program of Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais, Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento/Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica/Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais-P&D ANEEL/CEMIG (GT-487), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and Fulbright-Brasil for financial support; Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves for logistical support; colleagues from the Federal University of Minas Gerais Benthic Ecology Laboratory, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Lavras, and Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais for help with field collections; and researchers at the U.S. EPA Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon for discussions during an October 2011 workshop. MC received CNPq research grant and research fellowship nos. 471385/2011-5 and 302960/2011-2 and FAPEMIG research grant PPM-00077/13. Tony Olsen, Marc Weber, and Phil Larsen of the Corvallis US Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory (Oregon, USA) kindly assisted in developing spatial sampling designs and selecting wadeable stream sample sites. The manuscript was improved via reviews by William Gerth of Oregon State University, and four anonymous referees. This manuscript was subjected to review by the US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0003-4088 EI 2100-000X J9 ANN LIMNOL-INT J LIM JI Ann. Limnol.-Int. J. Limnol. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1051/limn/2015004 PG 10 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ5VX UT WOS:000355561500003 ER PT J AU Hayes, PL Carlton, AG Baker, KR Ahmadov, R Washenfelder, RA Alvarez, S Rappengluck, B Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA Zotter, P Prevot, ASH Szidat, S Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Ma, PK Jimenez, JL AF Hayes, P. L. Carlton, A. G. Baker, K. R. Ahmadov, R. Washenfelder, R. A. Alvarez, S. Rappenglueck, B. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. A. Zotter, P. Prevot, A. S. H. Szidat, S. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Ma, P. K. Jimenez, J. L. TI Modeling the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols in Los Angeles during CalNex 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; TRACER COMPOUNDS; ELEMENTAL RATIO; UNITED-STATES; AQUEOUS-PHASE; SOA FORMATION AB Four different literature parameterizations for the formation and evolution of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA) frequently used in 3-D models are evaluated using a 0-D box model representing the Los Angeles metropolitan region during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 campaign. We constrain the model predictions with measurements from several platforms and compare predictions with particle-and gas-phase observations from the CalNex Pasadena ground site. That site provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol formation close to anthropogenic emission sources with limited recirculation. The model SOA that formed only from the oxidation of VOCs (V-SOA) is insufficient to explain the observed SOA concentrations, even when using SOA parameterizations with multi-generation oxidation that produce much higher yields than have been observed in chamber experiments, or when increasing yields to their upper limit estimates accounting for recently reported losses of vapors to chamber walls. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model (version 5.0.1) provides excellent predictions of secondary inorganic particle species but underestimates the observed SOA mass by a factor of 25 when an older VOC-only parameterization is used, which is consistent with many previous model-measurement comparisons for pre-2007 anthropogenic SOA modules in urban areas. Including SOA from primary semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (P-S/IVOCs) following the parameterizations of Robinson et al. (2007), Grieshop et al. (2009), or Pye and Seinfeld (2010) improves model-measurement agreement for mass concentration. The results from the three parameterizations show large differences (e.g., a factor of 3 in SOA mass) and are not well constrained, underscoring the current uncertainties in this area. Our results strongly suggest that other precursors besides VOCs, such as P-S/IVOCs, are needed to explain the observed SOA concentrations in Pasadena. All the recent parameterizations overpredict urban SOA formation at long photochemical ages (approximate to 3 days) compared to observations from multiple sites, which can lead to problems in regional and especially global modeling. However, reducing IVOC emissions by one-half in the model to better match recent IVOC measurements improves SOA predictions at these long photochemical ages. Among the explicitly modeled VOCs, the precursor compounds that contribute the greatest SOA mass are methylbenzenes. Measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalenes) contribute 0.7% of the modeled SOA mass. The amounts of SOA mass from diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and cooking emissions are estimated to be 16-27, 35-61, and 19-35 %, respectively, depending on the parameterization used, which is consistent with the observed fossil fraction of urban SOA, 71(+/- 3) %. The relative contribution of each source is uncertain by almost a factor of 2 depending on the parameterization used. In-basin biogenic VOCs are predicted to contribute only a few percent to SOA. A regional SOA background of approximately 2.1 mu g m(-3) is also present due to the long-distance transport of highly aged OA, likely with a substantial contribution from regional biogenic SOA. The percentage of SOA from diesel vehicle emissions is the same, within the estimated uncertainty, as reported in previous work that analyzed the weekly cycles in OA concentrations (Bahreini et al., 2012; Hayes et al., 2013). However, the modeling work presented here suggests a strong anthropogenic source of modern carbon in SOA, due to cooking emissions, which was not accounted for in those previous studies and which is higher on weekends. Lastly, this work adapts a simple two-parameter model to predict SOA concentration and O/C from urban emissions. This model successfully predicts SOA concentration, and the optimal parameter combination is very similar to that found for Mexico City. This approach provides a computationally inexpensive method for predicting urban SOA in global and climate models. We estimate pollution SOA to account for 26 Tg yr(-1) of SOA globally, or 17% of global SOA, one-third of which is likely to be non-fossil. C1 [Hayes, P. L.; Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Ma, P. K.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Baker, K. R.; Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Alvarez, S.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Zotter, P.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bern, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. RP Hayes, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.hayes@umontreal.ca; jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Szidat, Sonke/D-6706-2011; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Szidat, Sonke/0000-0002-1824-6207; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU US DOE (BER, ASR program) [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, DE-SC0011105]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; NSERC; Universite de Montreal; US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; [CARB 08-319]; [CARB 11-305] FX This work was partially supported by CARB 08-319 and CARB 11-305; US DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, and DE-SC0011105; NSF AGS-1243354 and AGS-1360834; and NOAA NA13OAR4310063. P. L. Hayes is also grateful for a fellowship from the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program, and P. L. Hayes and P. K. Ma acknowledge support from a NSERC Discovery Grant and the Universite de Montreal. The authors thank Chris J. Hennigan (UMBC) and Allen L. Robinson (CMU) for providing the naphthalene and methylnaphthalene data. We also thank John S. Holloway (NOAA) for providing CO data, Roya Bahreini (University of California-Riverside) and Ann M. Middlebrook (NOAA) for providing OA data from the NOAA P3, and Stuart A. McKeen (NOAA) for helpful discussions. R. Ahmadov is supported by the US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript was subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 109 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 16 U2 89 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5773 EP 5801 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5773-2015 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200028 ER PT J AU Guo, H Xu, L Bougiatioti, A Cerully, KM Capps, SL Hite, JR Carlton, AG Lee, SH Bergin, MH Ng, NL Nenes, A Weber, RJ AF Guo, H. Xu, L. Bougiatioti, A. Cerully, K. M. Capps, S. L. Hite, J. R., Jr. Carlton, A. G. Lee, S. -H. Bergin, M. H. Ng, N. L. Nenes, A. Weber, R. J. TI Fine-particle water and pH in the southeastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; LIQUID PHASE-SEPARATION; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ALPHA-PINENE; INORGANIC AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; AMMONIUM-SULFATE AB Particle water and pH are predicted using meteorological observations (relative humidity (RH), temperature (T)), gas/particle composition, and thermodynamic modeling (ISORROPIA-II). A comprehensive uncertainty analysis is included, and the model is validated. We investigate mass concentrations of particle water and related particle pH for ambient fine-mode aerosols sampled in a relatively remote Alabama forest during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer and at various sites in the southeastern US during different seasons, as part of the Southeastern Center for Air Pollution and Epidemiology (SCAPE) study. Particle water and pH are closely linked; pH is a measure of the particle H+ aqueous concentration and depends on both the presence of ions and amount of particle liquid water. Levels of particle water, in turn, are determined through water uptake by both the ionic species and organic compounds. Thermodynamic calculations based on measured ion concentrations can predict both pH and liquid water but may be biased since contributions of organic species to liquid water are not considered. In this study, contributions of both the inorganic and organic fractions to aerosol liquid water were considered, and predictions were in good agreement with measured liquid water based on differences in ambient and dry light scattering coefficients (prediction vs. measurement: slope = 0.91, intercept = 0.5 mu gm(-3), R-2 = 0.75). ISORROPIA-II predictions were confirmed by good agreement between predicted and measured ammonia concentrations (slope = 1.07, intercept = -0.12 mu gm(-3), R-2 = 0.76). Based on this study, organic species on average contributed 35% to the total water, with a substantially higher contribution (50 %) at night. However, not including contributions of organic water had a minor effect on pH (changes pH by 0.15 to 0.23 units), suggesting that predicted pH without consideration of organic water could be sufficient for the purposes of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) chemistry. The mean pH predicted in the Alabama forest (SOAS) was 0.94 +/- 0.59 (median 0.93). pH diurnal trends followed liquid water and were driven mainly by variability in RH; during SOAS nighttime pH was near 1.5, while daytime pH was near 0.5. pH ranged from 0.5 to 2 in summer and 1 to 3 in the winter at other sites. The systematically low pH levels in the southeast may have important ramifications, such as significantly influencing acid-catalyzed reactions, gas-aerosol partitioning, and mobilization of redox metals and minerals. Particle ion balances or molar ratios, often used to infer pH, do not consider the dissociation state of individual ions or particle liquid water levels and do not correlate with particle pH. C1 [Guo, H.; Hite, J. R., Jr.; Bergin, M. H.; Ng, N. L.; Nenes, A.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Xu, L.; Bougiatioti, A.; Cerully, K. M.; Ng, N. L.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bergin, M. H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Capps, S. L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Nenes, A.] Fdn Res & Technol, Hellas, Greece. [Bougiatioti, A.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. RP Weber, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NSF as part of the SOAS campaign [1242258]; US EPA STAR [R835410]; NOAA CPO [NA10OAR4310102]; EPA through US EPA [R834799]; Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA; Georgia Power Faculty Scholar Chair; Georgia Institute of Technology; NSF [AGS-1241498]; Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" (Action's Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology); European Social Fund (ESF); Greek state FX This work was supported by the NSF under grant number 1242258 as part of the SOAS campaign. GIT SOAS researchers were also supported by a US EPA STAR grant R835410 and NOAA CPO Award NA10OAR4310102. Measurements at other sites in the southeast were part of the EPA-supported SCAPE Clean Air Center, made possible through US EPA grant R834799. The content of this publication are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. S. L. Capps was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. A. Nenes acknowledges support from a Georgia Power Faculty Scholar Chair and a Cullen-Peck Faculty Fellowship from the Georgia Institute of Technology. We would also like to thank Richard Moore from NASA Langley for valuable suggestions and discussions. S.-H. Lee acknowledges funding support from NSF (AGS-1241498). A. Bougiatioti acknowledges support within the framework of the Action Supporting Postdoctoral Researchers of the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" (Action's Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology) and is co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Greek state. We wish to thank the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) personnel for their many contributions supporting the field deployments. NR 82 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 25 U2 86 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5211 EP 5228 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5211-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100015 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Carlton, AG Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Beaver, MR Gentner, DR Goldstein, AH Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Gilman, JB de Gouw, JA Woody, MC Pye, HOT Kelly, JT Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Stevens, PS Brune, WH Lin, YH Rubitschun, CL Surratt, JD AF Baker, K. R. Carlton, A. G. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Beaver, M. R. Gentner, D. R. Goldstein, A. H. Hayes, P. L. Jimenez, J. L. Gilman, J. B. de Gouw, J. A. Woody, M. C. Pye, H. O. T. Kelly, J. T. Lewandowski, M. Jaoui, M. Stevens, P. S. Brune, W. H. Lin, Y. -H. Rubitschun, C. L. Surratt, J. D. TI Gas and aerosol carbon in California: comparison of measurements and model predictions in Pasadena and Bakersfield SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOA FORMATION; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; OXALIC-ACID; 2010 CALNEX; EMISSIONS AB Co-located measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 /organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, radiocarbon (C-14), speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and OH radicals during the CalNex field campaign provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model's representation of organic species from VOCs to particles. Episode average daily 23 h average C-14 analysis indicates PM2.5 carbon at Pasadena and Bakersfield during the CalNex field campaign was evenly split between contemporary and fossil origins. CMAQ predicts a higher contemporary carbon fraction than indicated by the C-14 analysis at both locations. The model underestimates measured PM2.5 organic carbon at both sites with very little (7% in Pasadena) of the modeled mass represented by secondary production, which contrasts with the ambient-based SOC / OC fraction of 63% at Pasadena. Measurements and predictions of gas-phase anthropogenic species, such as toluene and xylenes, are generally within a factor of 2, but the corresponding SOC tracer (2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid) is systematically underpredicted by more than a factor of 2. Monoterpene VOCs and SOCs are underestimated at both sites. Isoprene is underestimated at Pasadena and overpredicted at Bakersfield and isoprene SOC mass is underestimated at both sites. Systematic model underestimates in SOC mass coupled with reasonable skill (typically within a factor of 2) in predicting hydroxyl radical and VOC gas-phase precursors suggest error( s) in the parameterization of semivolatile gases to form SOC. Yield values (alpha) applied to semivolatile partitioning species were increased by a factor of 4 in CMAQ for a sensitivity simulation, taking into account recent findings of underestimated yields in chamber experiments due to gas wall losses. This sensitivity resulted in improved model performance for PM2.5 organic carbon at both field study locations and at routine monitor network sites in California. Modeled percent secondary contribution (22% at Pasadena) becomes closer to ambient-based estimates but still contains a higher primary fraction than observed. C1 [Baker, K. R.; Kelly, J. T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.; Beaver, M. R.; Woody, M. C.; Pye, H. O. T.; Lewandowski, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gentner, D. R.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayes, P. L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN USA. [Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lin, Y. -H.; Rubitschun, C. L.; Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/J-4023-2014; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/0000-0001-8904-1287; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; FU EPA, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070]; EPA's STAR program [RD83504101]; CARB [11-305] FX The authors would like to acknowledge measurements taken by Scott Scheller and the contribution from Chris Misenis, Allan Beidler, Chris Allen, James Beidler, Heather Simon, and Rich Mason. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. This work is supported in part through EPA's STAR program, grant number RD83504101. P. L. Hayes and J. L. Jimenez were supported by CARB 11-305. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5243 EP 5258 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5243-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100017 ER PT J AU DeVito, SC Keenan, C Lazarus, D AF DeVito, Stephen C. Keenan, Cheryl Lazarus, Dana TI Can pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) be used to assess implementation and effectiveness of green chemistry practices? A case study involving the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and pharmaceutical manufacturers SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Pharmaceutical firms have reported that implementation of green chemistry practices in their manufacturing processes have significantly reduced the quantities of toxic chemicals they use, release to the environment, or otherwise manage as waste. Using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) database and literature publications, we conducted research to assess this claim. Our analyses show that over the 2002 through 2011 timeframe the quantities of toxic chemicals reported annually by pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities to EPA's TRI Program as released to the environment or otherwise managed as waste have declined steadily and by more than 60%. The large reductions in the reported quantities are sector-wide, and it appears that factors such as outsourcing, production levels, regulations, shifts to other waste management practices, or TRI reporting characteristics by the larger pharmaceutical firms are not driving the decline. Our analyses, combined with the extensive evidence in the literature of green chemistry advances within the pharma sector, lead us to conclude that implementation of green chemistry practices is a major contributing factor to the large reductions we report herein. We believe the TRI, an easy-to-use pollution prevention tool used extensively for tracking environmental performance, is uniquely well-suited for assessing the progress made by different industry sectors or specific facilities therein in implementing green chemistry practices and the effectiveness that such practices have in preventing pollution: uses of the TRI that hitherto have not been reported. Moreover, our findings indicate that other pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) may have the potential to be used for these purposes as well. C1 [DeVito, Stephen C.] US EPA, Tox Release Inventory Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Keenan, Cheryl; Lazarus, Dana] Abt Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP DeVito, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Release Inventory Program, Mail Code 2844 T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM devito.steve@epa.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 2679 EP 2692 DI 10.1039/c5gc00056d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CI0EQ UT WOS:000354409500006 ER PT J AU Cinelli, M Coles, SR Nadagouda, MN Blaszczynski, J Slowinski, R Varma, RS Kirwan, K AF Cinelli, Marco Coles, Stuart R. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Blaszczynski, Jerzy Slowinski, Roman Varma, Rajender S. Kirwan, Kerry TI A green chemistry-based classification model for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; CRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; ROUGH SET APPROACH; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; EX ANTE ASSESSMENT; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; MULTICRITERIA CLASSIFICATION; SONOELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS; CROPPING SYSTEMS AB The assessment of the implementation of green chemistry principles in the syntheses of nanomaterials is a complex decision-making problem that necessitates the integration of several evaluation criteria. Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) provides support for such a challenge. One of its methods - Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) - was used in this research to develop a model for the green chemistry-based classification of silver nanoparticle synthesis protocols into preference-ordered performance classes. DRSA allowed integration of knowledge from both peer-reviewed literature and experts (decision makers, DMs) in the field, resulting in a model composed of decision rules that are logical statements in the form: "if conditions, then decision". The approach provides the basis for the design of rules for the greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Decision rules are supported by synthesis protocols that enforce the principles of green chemistry to various extents, resulting in robust recommendations for the development and assessment of silver nanoparticle synthesis that perform at one of five pre-determined levels. The DRSA-based approach is transparent and structured and can be easily updated. New perspectives and criteria could be added into the model if relevant data were available and domain-specific experts could collaborate through the MCDA procedure. C1 [Cinelli, Marco; Coles, Stuart R.; Kirwan, Kerry] Univ Warwick, Int Mfg Ctr, WMG, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, WQMB, WSWRD, NRMRL,ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Blaszczynski, Jerzy; Slowinski, Roman] Poznan Univ Tech, Inst Comp Sci, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland. [Slowinski, Roman] Polish Acad Sci, Syst Res Inst, PL-01447 Warsaw, Poland. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cinelli, M (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Int Mfg Ctr, WMG, Univ Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM m.cinelli@warwick.ac.uk; Varma.rajender@epa.gov; kerry.kirwan@warwick.ac.uk RI Slowinski, Roman/A-5751-2013; Blaszczynski, Jerzy/M-1601-2014; OI Slowinski, Roman/0000-0002-5200-7795; Cinelli, Marco/0000-0001-5822-3627 FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; WMG Department of the University of Warwick (UK); "CL4W", Cleaning Land for Wealth [EP/K026216/1] FX The authors greatly acknowledge the funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, WMG Department of the University of Warwick (UK) and the "CL4W", Cleaning Land for Wealth, project (grant number EP/K026216/1). The authors would like to thank Dr David E. Meyer, Dr Michael Gonzalez and Dr Gerardo Ruiz-Mercado from U.S. EPA for the thorough and constructive feedback provided during the paper development. NR 121 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 2825 EP 2839 DI 10.1039/c4gc02088j PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CI0EQ UT WOS:000354409500027 ER PT J AU Chern, EC King, D Haugland, R Pfaller, S AF Chern, Eunice C. King, Dawn Haugland, Richard Pfaller, Stacy TI Evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis in drinking water biofilms SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biofilm; M. avium; M. avium subsp paratuberculosis; M. intracellulare; qPCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; ENVIRONMENTAL MYCOBACTERIA; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; POTABLE WATER; COMPLEX; INFECTION; SAMPLES; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Mycobacterium avium (MA), Mycobacterium intracellulare (MI), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) are difficult to culture due to their slow growing nature. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method for the rapid detection of MA, MI, and MAP can be used to provide data supporting drinking water biofilms as potential sources of human exposure. The aim of this study was to characterize two qPCR assays targeting partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of MA and MI and use these assays, along with two previously reported MAP qPCR assays (IS900 and Target 251), to investigate Mycobacterium occurrence in kitchen faucet biofilms. MA and MI qPCR assays demonstrated 100% specificity and sensitivity when evaluated against 18 non-MA complex, 76 MA, and 17 MI isolates. Both assays detected approximately 1,000 cells from a diluted cell stock inoculated on a sampling swab 100% of the time. DNA analysis by qPCR indicated that 35.3, 56.9 and 11.8% of the 51 kitchen faucet biofilm samples collected contained MA, MI, and MAP, respectively. This study introduces novel qPCR assays designed to specifically detect MA and MI in biofilm. Results support the use of qPCR as an alternative to culture for detection and enumeration of MA, MI, and MAP in microbiologically complex samples. C1 [Chern, Eunice C.; King, Dawn; Haugland, Richard; Pfaller, Stacy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pfaller, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pfaller.stacy@epa.gov FU US EPA, ORD FX The authors wish to thank all individuals that provided samples for this study. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names, products or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the US EPA, ORD, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US DOE and the EPA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 18 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.060 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CJ0QY UT WOS:000355183800013 PM 25719473 ER PT J AU Gomez-Alvarez, V Humrighouse, BW Revetta, RP Domingo, JWS AF Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente Humrighouse, Ben W. Revetta, Randy P. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Bacterial composition in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system utilizing different source waters SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE bacterial diversity; drinking water bacteria; 16S rRNA gene sequencing ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOFILMS; MYCOBACTERIA; ECOLOGY; CHLORINATION; DIVERSITY; PROTOZOA; RNA AB We investigated the bacterial composition of water samples from two service areas within a drinking water distribution system (DWDS), each associated with a different primary source of water (groundwater, GW; surface water, SW) and different treatment process. Community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries indicated that Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium spp.) and alpha-Proteobacteria represented nearly 43 and 38% of the total sequences, respectively. Sequences closely related to Legionella, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio spp. were also identified. In spite of the high number of sequences (71%) shared in both areas, multivariable analysis revealed significant differences between the GW and SW areas. While the dominant phylotypes where not significantly contributing in the ordination of samples, the populations associated with the core of phylotypes (1-10% in each sample) significantly contributed to the differences between both service areas. Diversity indices indicate that the microbial community inhabiting the SW area is more diverse and contains more distantly related species coexisting with local assemblages as compared with the GW area. The bacterial community structure of SW and GW service areas were dissimilar, suggesting that their respective source water and/or water quality parameters shaped by the treatment processes may contribute to the differences in community structure observed. C1 [Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente; Revetta, Randy P.; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Humrighouse, Ben W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Humrighouse, Ben W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was funded by a Traineeship Award from the US Environmental Protection Agency to BWH. Special thanks to Jeff Swertfeger from the Greater Cincinnati Water Work (GCWW) for helping in the logistics of the water collection, to the Greater Cincinnati Water Work personnel for helping in the water collection and Margaret Kupferle and Daniel Oerther for revising initial drafts of this manuscript. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Any mention of product or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.057 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CJ0QY UT WOS:000355183800014 PM 25719474 ER PT J AU Rahman, L Shah, A Lunsford, SK Han, C Nadagouda, MN Sahle-Demessie, E Qureshi, R Khan, MS Kraatz, HB Dionysiou, DD AF Rahman, Latif-ur Shah, Afzal Lunsford, Suzanne Kay Han, Changseok Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Qureshi, Rumana Khan, Muhammad Saleem Kraatz, Heinz-Bernhard Dionysiou, Dionysios. D. TI Monitoring of 2-butanone using a Ag-Cu bimetallic alloy nanoscale electrochemical sensor SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID AU-AG; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION AB Spherical shaped silver-copper alloy nanoparticles of 10-15 nm size were synthesized by an aqueous polymer solution method. The synthesized nanoscale Ag-Cu alloy was characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The XRD pattern showed high crystallinity and phase formation of the nanoparticles. The bimetallic alloy nanoparticles were coated over a well-polished glassy carbon electrode and the designed sensor was applied for the detection of a highly carcinogenic carbonyl compound, 2-butanone. Electrochemical studies revealed that PEI used as a capping agent also enhances the sensing of the modified electrode for the recognition of 2-butanone. The sensor developed from Ag-Cu (1 : 1) alloy nanoparticles showed the best sensing properties for the detection of 2-butanone as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a 0.1 mu M detection limit. C1 [Rahman, Latif-ur; Shah, Afzal; Qureshi, Rumana] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Chem, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. [Rahman, Latif-ur; Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios. D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kraatz, Heinz-Bernhard] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Lunsford, Suzanne Kay] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Han, Changseok; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Water Qual Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Khan, Muhammad Saleem] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. RP Shah, A (reprint author), Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Chem, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. EM afzal.shah@utoronto.ca; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu RI Shah, Afzal/J-2242-2015; OI Kraatz, Bernie/0000-0002-7149-0110 FU Chemistry Department of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DBCEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan FX This work was jointly supported by the Chemistry Department of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada and Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DBCEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The financial support of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan is also acknowledged. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 55 BP 44427 EP 44434 DI 10.1039/c5ra03633j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CI7SM UT WOS:000354964900063 ER PT S AU Brown-Peterson, NJ Brewton, RA Griffitt, RJ Fulford, RS AF Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Brewton, Rachel A. Griffitt, Robert J. Fulford, Richard S. BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on the Reproductive Biology of Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOUISIANA SALT MARSHES; FISH; ESTUARIES; GROWTH C1 [Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.; Griffitt, Robert J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Brewton, Rachel A.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Fulford, Richard S.] US EPA, Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Brown-Peterson, NJ (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 237 EP 252 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900013 ER PT S AU Fulford, RS Griffit, RJ Brown-Peterson, NJ Perry, H Sanchez-Rubio, G AF Fulford, Richard S. Griffit, Robert J. Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Perry, Harriet Sanchez-Rubio, Guillermo BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, Larval Settlement in Mississippi SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ALASKA; ABUNDANCE; USA; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; ENVIRONMENT; DISPERSION C1 [Fulford, Richard S.] US EPA, Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Griffit, Robert J.; Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.; Perry, Harriet] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Sanchez-Rubio, Guillermo] Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. RP Fulford, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 253 EP 267 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900014 ER PT J AU Duckworth, K Spencer, M Bates, C Miller, ME Almquist, C Grimaila, M Magnuson, M Willison, S Phillips, R Racz, L AF Duckworth, Kelsey Spencer, Michael Bates, Christopher Miller, Michael E. Almquist, Catherine Grimaila, Michael Magnuson, Matthew Willison, Stuart Phillips, Rebecca Racz, LeeAnn TI Advanced oxidation degradation kinetics as a function of ultraviolet LED duty cycle SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; light emitting diode; methylene blue; ultraviolet ID LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; UV; EFFICIENCY; ILLUMINATION; PHENOL AB Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be a viable option as a UV light source for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing photocatalysts or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. The effect of UV-LED duty cycle, expressed as the percentage of time the LED is powered, was investigated in an AOP with hydrogen peroxide, using methylene blue (MB) to assess contaminant degradation. The UV-LED AOP degraded the MB at all duty cycles. However, adsorption of MB onto the LED emitting surface caused a linear decline in reactor performance over time. With regard to the effect of duty cycle, the observed rate constant of MB degradation, after being adjusted to account for the duty cycle, was greater for 5 and 10% duty cycles than higher duty cycles, providing a value approximately 160% higher at 5% duty cycle than continuous operation. This increase in adjusted rate constant at low duty cycles, as well as contaminant fouling of the LED surface, may impact design and operational considerations for pulsed UV-LED AOP systems. C1 [Duckworth, Kelsey; Spencer, Michael; Bates, Christopher; Miller, Michael E.; Grimaila, Michael; Racz, LeeAnn] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Almquist, Catherine] Miami Univ, Chem Paper & Biomed Engn Dept, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Magnuson, Matthew; Willison, Stuart] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Phillips, Rebecca] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Miller, ME (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.miller@afit.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [92370201]; appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Homeland Security Research Center, Water Infrastructure Protection Division, US Environmental Protection Agency FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under Interagency Agreement 92370201. It has been subjected to the Agency's review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Homeland Security Research Center, Water Infrastructure Protection Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Sarah Fyda, Nate Godby and Robert Scott for collecting a portion of the experimental data. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.2166/wst.2015.108 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CI4NF UT WOS:000354726000014 PM 25945855 ER PT J AU McAlary, T Groenevelt, H Disher, S Arnold, J Seethapathy, S Sacco, P Crump, D Schumacher, B Hayes, H Johnson, P Gorecki, T AF McAlary, Todd Groenevelt, Hester Disher, Stephen Arnold, Jason Seethapathy, Suresh Sacco, Paolo Crump, Derrick Schumacher, Brian Hayes, Heidi Johnson, Paul Gorecki, Tadeusz TI Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds in indoor air-controlled laboratory comparison of four sampler types SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIVE SAMPLER; THERMAL-DESORPTION; VAPOR INTRUSION; ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; AMBIENT AIR; NEW-YORK; EXPOSURE; SOLVENT; DEVICE; VOCS AB This article describes laboratory testing of four passive diffusive samplers for assessing indoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including SKC Ultra II, Radiello (R), Waterloo Membrane Sampler (WMS) and Automated Thermal Desorption (ATD) tubes with two different sorbents (Tenax TA and Carbopack B). The testing included 10 VOCs (including chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons), spanning a range of properties and including some compounds expected to pose challenges (naphthalene, methyl ethyl ketone). Tests were conducted at different temperatures (17 to 30 degrees C), relative humidities (30 to 90% RH), face velocities (0.014 to 0.41 ms(-1)), concentrations (1 to 100 parts per billion by volume [ppb(v)]) and sampling durations (1 to 7 days). The results show that all of the passive samplers provided data that met the success criteria (relative percent difference [RPD] <= 45% of active sample concentrations and coefficient of variation [COV] <= 30%) in the majority of cases, but some compounds were problematic for some samplers. The passive sampler uptake rates depend to varying degrees on the sampler, sorbent, target compounds and environmental conditions, so field calibration is advantageous for the highest levels of data quality. C1 [McAlary, Todd; Groenevelt, Hester] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. [Disher, Stephen; Arnold, Jason; Hayes, Heidi] Eurofins Air Tox Inc, Air Tox Ltd, Folsom, CA USA. [McAlary, Todd; Seethapathy, Suresh; Gorecki, Tadeusz] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Sacco, Paolo] Fdn Salvatore Maugeri, Padua, Italy. [Crump, Derrick] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Schumacher, Brian] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Johnson, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP McAlary, T (reprint author), Geosyntec Consultants Inc, 130 Res Lane,2, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. EM tmcalary@geosyntec.com OI Gorecki, Tadeusz/0000-0001-7727-7516 FU Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) FX Funding was provided by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). Dr Samuel Brock of the Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) was the Department of Defense (DoD) Liaison and Andrea Leeson of ESTCP was the Contracting Officer's Representative. The experimental design was developed with the assistance of Brian Schumacher and John Nocerino of EPA Research Labs in Las Vegas. We also gratefully acknowledge Catarina Boaretto of the Fondazione Salitore Maugeri for GC/MS analysis of the Radiello samplers. The study team included individuals with interests in the various passive samplers (as described in the ESI dagger), but the study design, results and interpretation were reviewed by all coauthors and mutually considered to provide a fair and unbiased comparison. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 896 EP 905 DI 10.1039/c4em00560k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI0FM UT WOS:000354412100001 PM 25861049 ER PT J AU Schenck, K Rosenblum, L Ramakrishnan, B Carson, J Macke, D Nietch, C AF Schenck, Kathleen Rosenblum, Laura Ramakrishnan, Balaji Carson, John, Jr. Macke, Dana Nietch, Christopher TI Correlation of trace contaminants to wastewater management practices in small watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; ANTIBIOTIC SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SWEETENER SUCRALOSE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; TREATMENT-PLANT; DRINKING-WATER; SEPTIC SYSTEM; PHARMACEUTICALS; FATE AB Ten low-order streams draining headwater catchments within the East Fork Little Miami Watershed were evaluated throughout one year for the presence of six steroidal hormones, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, the antimicrobials triclosan and triclocarban, and the artificial sweetener sucralose. The wastewater management practices in the catchments included septic systems, sanitary sewers, a combination of both, and a parkland with no treatment systems. The concentrations and detection frequencies of sucralose showed a significant positive correlation with the septic density in each catchment. A similar relationship was found for sulfamethoxazole. Both sucralose and sulfamethoxazole are hydrophilic and unlikely to be removed effectively by sorption during septic treatment. The concentrations and detection frequencies of the antimicrobials were also positively correlated with septic density. The presence of the antimicrobials in the streams indicates that although they are hydrophobic, removal during septic treatment was incomplete. The target analytes that correlated with septic density were also detected in stream samples collected below a wastewater treatment plant located within the same watershed. The steroidal hormone estrone was the most frequently detected analyte at all sites. However, the estrone concentrations and detection frequencies did not correlate with the septic density due to multiple non-point sources. C1 [Schenck, Kathleen; Macke, Dana; Nietch, Christopher] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rosenblum, Laura; Ramakrishnan, Balaji] CB&I Fed Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Carson, John, Jr.] CB&I Fed Serv LLC, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. RP Schenck, K (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schenck.kathleen@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the Clermont County Office of Environmental Quality for access to geographic information system septic and sewer data. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 956 EP 964 DI 10.1039/c4em00583j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI0FM UT WOS:000354412100008 PM 25881834 ER PT J AU Martins, I Sanches, B Kaufmann, PR Hughes, RM Santos, GB Molozzi, J Callisto, M AF Martins, Isabela Sanches, Barbara Kaufmann, Philip Robert Hughes, Robert M. Santos, Gilmar Bastos Molozzi, Joseline Callisto, Marcos TI Ecological assessment of a southeastern Brazil reservoir SO BIOTA NEOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE reservoirs; water quality; bioindicators; physical habitat; environmental quality ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL HABITAT; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MINAS-GERAIS; RIVER-BASIN; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; STREAM; LAKES AB Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems with multiple functions having direct and indirect benefits to humans; however, they also cause ecological changes and influence the composition and structure of aquatic biota. Our objectives were to: (1) assess the environmental condition of Nova Ponte Reservoir, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil; and (2) determine how the aquatic biota respond to disturbances. A total of 40 sites in the littoral zone of the reservoir were sampled to characterize physical and chemical habitat, land use, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages. The predominant type of land cover near the reservoir was natural vegetation. A total of 29 fish species and 39 macroinvertebrate taxa were collected, including eight alien species. Most sites had intermediate levels of human disturbance, however, high levels of degradation were associated with high proportions of alien species. Disturbances at multiple scales may alter natural patterns and processes, leading to environmental changes and damaging biological communities. Our results reinforce the importance of assessing reservoir ecological conditions at several scales. The study of land use, littoral zone physical habitat characteristics, water quality, and assemblage structure set the ground for proposing actions to rehabilitate and conserve aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Martins, Isabela; Callisto, Marcos] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Sanches, Barbara; Santos, Gilmar Bastos] Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Programa Posgrad Zool Vertebrados, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Kaufmann, Philip Robert] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Molozzi, Joseline] Univ Estadual Paraiba, Dept Biol Geral, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. RP Callisto, M (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM mcallisto13@gmail.com RI Molozzi, Joseline/M-3951-2014; Callisto, Marcos/O-4930-2015 OI Callisto, Marcos/0000-0003-2341-4700 FU P&DANEEL (Projeto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica) [GT-487]; CEMIG(Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais) - Programa Peixe Vivo; CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior); CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico); FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais); PROGRAD/UFMG (Pro-Reitoria de Graduacao da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais); CNPq [302960/2011-2]; Minas Gerais researcher grant FAPEMIG [PPM-00077/13] FX The authors acknowledge P&DANEEL (GT-487) (Projeto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica) and CEMIG(Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais) - Programa Peixe Vivo for funding the project, CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico), FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais) and PROGRAD/UFMG (Pro-Reitoria de Graduacao da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) for financial support. Special thanks to colleagues from the Laboratorio de Ecologia de Bentos - UFMG. MC was awarded research productivity grant CNPq No. 302960/2011-2) and Minas Gerais researcher grant FAPEMIG PPM-00077/13. Reviews by Bianca Terra and 2 anonymous referees improved the manuscript. This manuscript was subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 36 PU REVISTA BIOTA NEOTROPICA PI CAMPINAS PA AV. DR. ROMEU TORTIMA, 388 - BARAO GERALDO, CEP 13084-520, CAMPINAS, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-0603 J9 BIOTA NEOTROP JI Biota Neotrop. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 DI 10.1590/1676-06032015006114 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CH5EQ UT WOS:000354058300007 ER PT J AU Wong, DC Yang, CE Fu, JS Wong, K Gao, Y AF Wong, D. C. Yang, C. E. Fu, J. S. Wong, K. Gao, Y. TI An approach to enhance pnetCDF performance in environmental modeling applications SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; EMISSION; OZONE AB Data intensive simulations are often limited by their I/O (input/output) performance, and "novel" techniques need to be developed in order to overcome this limitation. The software package pnetCDF (parallel network Common Data Form), which works with parallel file systems, was developed to address this issue by providing parallel I/O capability. This study examines the performance of an application-level data aggregation approach which performs data aggregation along either row or column dimension of MPI (Message Passing Interface) processes on a spatially decomposed domain, and then applies the pnetCDF parallel I/O paradigm. The test was done with three different domain sizes which represent small, moderately large, and large data domains, using a small-scale Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) mock-up code. The examination includes comparing I/O performance with traditional serial I/O technique, straight application of pnetCDF, and the data aggregation along row and column dimension before applying pnetCDF. After the comparison, "optimal" I/O configurations of this application-level data aggregation approach were quantified. Data aggregation along the row dimension (pnetCDFcr) works better than along the column dimension (pnetCDFcc) although it may perform slightly worse than the straight pnetCDF method with a small number of processors. When the number of processors becomes larger, pnetCDFcr outperforms pnetCDF significantly. If the number of processors keeps increasing, pnetCDF reaches a point where the performance is even worse than the serial I/O technique. This new technique has also been tested for a real application where it performs two times better than the straight pnetCDF paradigm. C1 [Wong, D. C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yang, C. E.; Fu, J. S.; Wong, K.; Gao, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Wong, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wong.david-c@epa.gov OI Yang, Cheng-En/0000-0002-4069-4997 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) [TG-ATM110009, UT-TENN0006] FX Yang Gao was partly supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by the Battelle Memorial Institute (DE-AC05-76RL01830). The Kraken is a supercomputing facility through National Science Foundation TeraGrid resources provided by the National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) under grant numbers TG-ATM110009 and UT-TENN0006. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1046 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-1033-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH2FT UT WOS:000353841800005 ER PT J AU Mallard, MS Nolte, CG Spero, TL Bullock, OR Alapaty, K Herwehe, JA Gula, J Bowden, JH AF Mallard, M. S. Nolte, C. G. Spero, T. L. Bullock, O. R. Alapaty, K. Herwehe, J. A. Gula, J. Bowden, J. H. TI Technical challenges and solutions in representing lakes when using WRF in downscaling applications SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; EFFECT SNOWFALL; ICE COVER; SALT-LAKE; SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; PRECIPITATION AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is commonly used to make high-resolution future projections of regional climate by downscaling global climate model (GCM) outputs. Because the GCM fields are typically at a much coarser spatial resolution than the target regional downscaled fields, lakes are often poorly resolved in the driving global fields, if they are resolved at all. In such an application, using WRF's default interpolation methods can result in unrealistic lake temperatures and ice cover at inland water points. Prior studies have shown that lake temperatures and ice cover impact the simulation of other surface variables, such as air temperatures and precipitation, two fields that are often used in regional climate applications to understand the impacts of climate change on human health and the environment. Here, alternative methods for setting lake surface variables in WRF for downscaling simulations are presented and contrasted. C1 [Mallard, M. S.; Nolte, C. G.; Spero, T. L.; Bullock, O. R.; Alapaty, K.; Herwehe, J. A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gula, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mallard, M. S.; Bowden, J. H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Mallard, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM mmallard@email.unc.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Gula, Jonathan/J-9925-2012; OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Gula, Jonathan/0000-0002-0876-9557; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 FU National Science Foundation FX The lead author was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The WRF model is made available by NCAR, funded by the National Science Foundation. Great Lakes ice cover data were obtained from GLERL (http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/pgs/glice/glice.html). This research has been subjected to the US EPA's administrative review and approved for publication. The views expressed and the contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1096 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-1085-2015 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH2FT UT WOS:000353841800008 ER PT J AU Mage, DT AF Mage, David T. TI Comment on Schwartz, J.; Dockery, DW; Neas, ML 1996. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles?; J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 46: 927-939 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID PARTICULATE MATTER; HUMAN EXPOSURE; POLLUTION C1 [Mage, David T.] World Hlth Org, San Francisco, CA USA. [Mage, David T.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 511 EP 513 DI 10.1080/10962247.2015.1029812 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5AU UT WOS:000354047100001 PM 25947308 ER PT J AU Jones, RR Hogrefe, C Fitzgerald, EF Hwang, SA Ozkaynak, H Garcia, VC Lin, S AF Jones, Rena R. Hogrefe, Christian Fitzgerald, Edward F. Hwang, Syni-An Oezkaynak, Haluk Garcia, Valerie C. Lin, Shao TI Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SHORT-TERM ASSOCIATIONS; CASE-CROSSOVER; CARDIORESPIRATORY DISEASES; ADMISSIONS; PM2.5; PARTICLES; ASTHMA; MODEL AB Despite observed geographic and temporal variation in particulate matter (PM)-related health morbidities, only a small number of epidemiologic studies have evaluated the relation between PM2.5 chemical constituents and respiratory disease. Most assessments are limited by inadequate spatial and temporal resolution of ambient PM measurements and/or by their approaches to examine the role of specific PM components on health outcomes. In a case-crossover analysis using daily average ambient PM2.5 total mass and species estimates derived from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and available observations, we examined the association between the chemical components of PM (including elemental and organic carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and other remaining) and respiratory hospitalizations in New York State. We evaluated relationships between levels (low, medium, high) of PM constituent mass fractions, and assessed modification of the PM2.5-hospitalization association via models stratified by mass fractions of both primary and secondary PM components. In our results, average daily PM2.5 concentrations in New York State were generally lower than the 24-hr average National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). Year-round analyses showed statistically significant positive associations between respiratory hospitalizations and PM2.5 total mass, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations at multiple exposure lags (0.5-2.0% per interquartile range [IQR] increase). Primarily in the summer months, the greatest associations with respiratory hospitalizations were observed per IQR increase in the secondary species sulfate and ammonium concentrations at lags of 1-4 days (1.0-2.0%). Although there were subtle differences in associations observed between mass fraction tertiles, there was no strong evidence to support modification of the PM2.5-respiratory disease association by a particular constituent. We conclude that ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary aerosols including sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate were positively associated with respiratory hospitalizations, although patterns varied by season. Exposure to specific fine PM constituents is a plausible risk factor for respiratory hospitalization in New York State.Implications: The association between ambient concentrations of PM2.5 components has been evaluated in only a small number of epidemiologic studies with refined spatial and temporal scale data. In New York State, fine PM and several of its constituents, including sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, were positively associated with respiratory hospitalizations. Results suggest that PM species relationships and their influence on respiratory endpoints are complex and season dependent. Additional work is needed to better understand the relative toxicity of PM species, and to further explore the role of co-pollutant relationships and exposure prediction error on observed PM-respiratory disease associations. C1 [Jones, Rena R.; Hwang, Syni-An; Lin, Shao] New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Jones, Rena R.; Fitzgerald, Edward F.; Hwang, Syni-An; Lin, Shao] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Hogrefe, Christian; Oezkaynak, Haluk; Garcia, Valerie C.] US EPA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Jones, RR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, 6906 Med Ctr Dr Room 6E124, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM rena.jones@nih.gov OI Lin, Shao/0000-0002-5535-7504 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.1001500 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5AU UT WOS:000354047100007 PM 25947314 ER PT J AU Fann, N Nolte, CG Dolwick, P Spero, TL Brown, AC Phillips, S Anenberg, S AF Fann, Neal Nolte, Christopher G. Dolwick, Patrick Spero, Tanya L. Brown, Amanda Curry Phillips, Sharon Anenberg, Susan TI The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT OZONE; MORTALITY RISKS; US CITIES; TEMPERATURE; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; COMMUNITIES; METEOROLOGY AB In this United States-focused analysis we use outputs from two general circulation models (GCMs) driven by different greenhouse gas forcing scenarios as inputs to regional climate and chemical transport models to investigate potential changes in near-term U.S. air quality due to climate change. We conduct multiyear simulations to account for interannual variability and characterize the near-term influence of a changing climate on tropospheric ozone-related health impacts near the year 2030, which is a policy-relevant time frame that is subject to fewer uncertainties than other approaches employed in the literature. We adopt a 2030 emissions inventory that accounts for fully implementing anthropogenic emissions controls required by federal, state, and/or local policies, which is projected to strongly influence future ozone levels. We quantify a comprehensive suite of ozone-related mortality and morbidity impacts including emergency department visits, hospital admissions, acute respiratory symptoms, and lost school days, and estimate the economic value of these impacts. Both GCMs project average daily maximum temperature to increase by 1-4 degrees C and 1-5 ppb increases in daily 8-hr maximum ozone at 2030, though each climate scenario produces ozone levels that vary greatly over space and time. We estimate tens to thousands of additional ozone-related premature deaths and illnesses per year for these two scenarios and calculate an economic burden of these health outcomes of hundreds of millions to tens of billions of U.S. dollars (2010$).Implications:Near-term changes to the climate have the potential to greatly affect ground-level ozone. Using a 2030 emission inventory with regional climate fields downscaled from two general circulation models, we project mean temperature increases of 1 to 4 degrees C and climate-driven mean daily 8-hr maximum ozone increases of 1-5 ppb, though each climate scenario produces ozone levels that vary significantly over space and time. These increased ozone levels are estimated to result in tens to thousands of ozone-related premature deaths and illnesses per year and an economic burden of hundreds of millions to tens of billions of U.S. dollars (2010$). C1 [Fann, Neal; Dolwick, Patrick; Brown, Amanda Curry; Phillips, Sharon] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nolte, Christopher G.; Spero, Tanya L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Anenberg, Susan] US Chem Safety & Hazard Invest Board, Washington, DC USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fann.neal@epa.gov RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 570 EP 580 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.996270 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH5AU UT WOS:000354047100008 PM 25947315 ER PT J AU Sorg, TJ Wang, LL Chen, ASC AF Sorg, Thomas J. Wang, Lili Chen, Abraham S. C. TI The costs of small drinking water systems removing arsenic from groundwater SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE arsenic; drinking water; technology demonstration; treatment cost AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted an Arsenic Demonstration Program whereby the Agency purchased, installed, and evaluated the performance and cost of 50 small water arsenic removal treatment systems in the USA. A major goal of the program was to collect high-quality cost data (capital and operational and maintenance (O&M)) from the long-term operation (1-4 years) of these systems. The technologies consisted of adsorptive media (AM), iron removal (IR), coagulation/filtration (C/F), ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis, and point-of-use devices, which reduced the arsenic to less than the EPA maximum contaminant level of 10 mu g/L. This paper presents the capital and O&M cost of 48 treatment systems ranging in size from 10 to 770 gal/min (gpm) (382,915 L/min). The capital cost of the systems ranged from $477 to $6,171 per gpm ($126-$1,632 per L/min) of design flow and the O&M cost from $0.07 to $22.88 per 1,000 gal ($0.02-$6.05 per 1,000 L) of treated water. AM had a lower capital, but a higher O&M cost than IR, C/F, and IX. The media replacement cost for the AM systems averaged 80% of the O&M cost and was the main cause of the higher O&M cost of the AM systems. C1 [Sorg, Thomas J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wang, Lili] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Chen, Abraham S. C.] ALSA Tech LLC, Powell, OH 43065 USA. RP Sorg, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sorg.thomas@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors wish to thank the Battelle project team for coordinating the performance evaluation studies, data handling, and analyses efforts. The authors also acknowledge the system operators for their data collection efforts. The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded, managed, and collaborated in the research described herein. This paper has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 EI 1365-2087 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PY 2015 VL 64 IS 3 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.2166/aqua.2014.044 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CH8JD UT WOS:000354281700001 ER PT J AU Das, KP Grey, BE Rosen, MB Wood, CR Tatum-Gibbs, KR Zehr, RD Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB Lau, C AF Das, Kaberi P. Grey, Brian E. Rosen, Mitchell B. Wood, Carmen R. Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria R. Zehr, R. Daniel Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Lau, Christopher TI Developmental toxicity of perfluorononanoic acid in mice SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluorononanoic acid; CD-1 mice; Developmental toxicity; Gene expression ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXPOSED MOUSE FETUSES; HUMAN SEMEN QUALITY; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; PPAR-ALPHA; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS AB Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminant. Although its levels in the environment and in humans are lower than those of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a steady trend of increases in the general population in recent years has drawn considerable interest and concern. Previous studies with PFOS and PFOA have indicated developmental toxicity in laboratory rodent models. The current study extends the evaluation of these adverse outcomes to PFNA in mice. PFNA was given to timed-pregnant CD-I mice by oral gavage daily on gestational day 1-17 at 1, 3, 5 or 10 mg/kg; controls received water vehicle. Dams given 10 mg/kg PFNA could not carry their pregnancy successfully and effects of this dose group were not followed. Similar to PFOS and PFOA, PFNA at 5 mg/kg or lower doses produced hepatomegaly in the pregnant dams, but did not affect the number of implantations, fetal viability, or fetal weight. Mouse pups were born alive and postnatal survival in the I and 3 mg/kg PFNA groups was not different from that in controls. In contrast, although most of the pups were also born alive in the 5 mg/kg PFNA group, 80% of these neonates died in the first 10 days of life. The pattern of PFNA-induced neonatal death differed somewhat from those elicited by PFOS or PFOA. A majority of the PFNA-exposed pups survived a few days longer after birth than those exposed to PFOS or PFOA, which typically died within the first 2 days of postnatal life. Surviving neonates exposed to PFNA exhibited dose-dependent delays in eye opening and onset of puberty. In addition, increased liver weight seen in PFNA-exposed offspring persisted into adulthood and was likely related to the persistence of the chemical in the tissue. Evaluation of gene expression in fetal and neonatal livers revealed robust activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) target genes by PFNA that resembled the responses of PFOA. Our results indicate that developmental toxicity of PFNA in mice is comparable to that of PFOS and PFOA, and that these adverse effects are likely common to perfluoroalkyl acids that persist in the body. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Das, Kaberi P.; Grey, Brian E.; Wood, Carmen R.; Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria R.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rosen, Mitchell B.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zehr, R. Daniel] US EPA, Res Core Unit, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop 8105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.12.012 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA CH6NH UT WOS:000354152800016 PM 25543169 ER PT J AU Bouhifd, M Andersen, ME Baghdikian, C Boekelheide, K Crofton, KM Fornace, AJ Kleensang, A Li, HH Livi, C Maertens, A McMullen, PD Rosenberg, M Thomas, R Vantangoli, M Yager, JD Zhao, L Hartung, T AF Bouhifd, Mounir Andersen, Melvin E. Baghdikian, Christina Boekelheide, Kim Crofton, Kevin M. Fornace, Albert J., Jr. Kleensang, Andre Li, Henghong Livi, Carolina Maertens, Alexandra McMullen, Patrick D. Rosenberg, Michael Thomas, Russell Vantangoli, Marguerite Yager, James D. Zhao, Liang Hartung, Thomas TI The Human Toxome Project SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE regulatory toxicology; safety sciences; transcriptomics; metabolomics; alternative methods ID EVIDENCE-BASED TOXICOLOGY; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; CELL-CULTURE PRACTICE; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BISPHENOL-A; 21(ST) CENTURY; REGULATORY USE; DNA-DAMAGE AB The Human Toxome Project, funded as an NIH Transformative Research grant 2011-2016, is focused on developing the concepts and the means for deducing, validating and sharing molecular pathways of toxicity (PoT). Using the test case of estrogenic endocrine disruption, the responses of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are being phenotyped by transcriptomics and mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics. The bioinformatics tools for PoT deduction represent a core deliverable. A number of challenges for quality and standardization of cell systems, omics technologies and bioinformatics are being addressed. In parallel, concepts for annotation, validation and sharing of PoT information, as well as their link to adverse outcomes, are being developed. A reasonably comprehensive public database of PoT, the Human Toxome Knowledge-base, could become a point of reference for toxicological research and regulatory test strategies. C1 [Bouhifd, Mounir; Kleensang, Andre; Maertens, Alexandra; Zhao, Liang; Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Andersen, Melvin E.; McMullen, Patrick D.] Hamner Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Baghdikian, Christina; Crofton, Kevin M.; Thomas, Russell] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boekelheide, Kim; Vantangoli, Marguerite] Brown Univ, Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Fornace, Albert J., Jr.; Li, Henghong] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Livi, Carolina; Rosenberg, Michael] Agilent Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Yager, James D.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hartung, Thomas] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing Europe, Constance, Germany. RP Hartung, T (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,W7032, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM thartung@jhsph.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; Zhao, Liang/I-4777-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Zhao, Liang/0000-0002-2126-6778; Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Kleensang, Andre/0000-0002-4564-7399 FU NIH Transformation Research Grant, "Mapping the Human Toxome by Systems Toxicsology" [RO1 ES 020750]; Food and Drug Administration Grant "DNTox-21c Identification of Pathways of Developmental Neurotoxicity for High Throughput Testing by Metabolomies" [U01 FD 004230] FX The employment affiliations of the authors of this paper are as shown on the cover page. Ten of the authors are affiliated with universities that have traditional roles of teaching, research and service. Two of the authors are associated with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Two of the authors are associated with a non-profit institution, The Hamner Institute, which has an interest in advancing the science of toxicology and risk assessment. And two of the authors are employees of Agilent Technologies, Inc., a for-profit company that provides advanced bio-analytical equipment and measurement services to a wide range of clients. The individual authors were compensated by their respective employers. In some cases, funding was provided by an NIH Transformation Research Grant, "Mapping the Human Toxome by Systems Toxicsology" (RO1 ES 020750) to Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (PI Thomas Hartung) and Food and Drug Administration Grant "DNTox-21c Identification of Pathways of Developmental Neurotoxicity for High Throughput Testing by Metabolomies" (U01 FD 004230) to Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (PI Thomas Hartung). The analyses, interpretations and conclusions presented in this paper are the professional work product of the authors and may not necessarily represent the views of their employers. NR 102 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X EI 1868-8551 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2015 VL 32 IS 2 BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.14573/altex.1502091 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CG9UZ UT WOS:000353666900004 PM 25742299 ER PT J AU Sangani, RG Ghio, AJ Parker, JE AF Sangani, Rahul G. Ghio, Andrew J. Parker, John E. TI Pleural plaques in smoking-associated fibrosis and pulmonary asbestosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 [Sangani, Rahul G.; Parker, John E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sangani, RG (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rgsangani@hsc.wvu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-2005 J9 INT J CHRONIC OBSTR JI Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PY 2015 VL 10 BP 869 EP 870 DI 10.2147/COPD.S83564 PG 2 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CH2XD UT WOS:000353887500001 PM 25999705 ER PT J AU Harper, M Butler, C Berry, D Wroble, J AF Harper, Martin Butler, Corey Berry, David Wroble, Julie TI Where Occupation and Environment Overlap: US Forest Service Worker Exposure to Libby Amphibole Fibers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONTANA AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted an evaluation of exposures to asbestiform amphibole, known as Libby Amphibole (LA), to personnel from the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USFS) working in the Kootenai National Forest near a former vermiculite mine close to Libby, Montana. LA is associated with vermiculite that was obtained from this mine; mining and processing over many years have resulted in the spread of LA into the surrounding Kootenai Forest where it has been found in tree bark, soil, and forest floor litter. As a result of this and other contamination, Libby and surrounding areas have been designated a "Superfund" site by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This article describes the application of EPA methods for assessing cancer risks to NIOSH sampling results. Phase-contrast microscopy for airborne asbestos fiber evaluation was found to be less useful than transmission electron microscopy in the presence of interfering organic (plant) fibers. NIOSH Method 7402 was extended by examination of larger areas of the filter, but fiber counts remained low. There are differences between counting rules in NIOSH 7402 and the ISO method used by EPA but these are minor in the context of the uncertainty in concentration estimates from the low counts. Estimates for cancer risk are generally compatible with those previously estimated by the EPA. However, there are limitations to extrapolating these findings of low risk throughout the entire area and to tasks that were not evaluated. C1 [Harper, Martin] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Butler, Corey] NIOSH, Western States Off, Denver, CO USA. [Berry, David] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Wroble, Julie] US EPA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Harper, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM zzg7@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 5 BP D47 EP D53 DI 10.1080/15459624.2014.989362 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CG8UP UT WOS:000353590000001 PM 25715191 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Krug, JD Kleindienst, TE AF Lewandowski, M. Jaoui, M. Offenberg, J. H. Krug, J. D. Kleindienst, T. E. TI Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene: influence of aerosol acidity and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; HIGH-NOX CONDITIONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; BUTADIENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; MODEL; EMISSIONS; EPOXIDE; CARBON; ORGANOSULFATES AB The effects of acidic seed aerosols on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have been examined in a number of previous studies, several of which have observed strong linear correlations between the aerosol acidity (measured as nmol H+ m(-3) air sample volume) and the percent change in secondary organic carbon (SOC). The measurements have used several precursor compounds representative of different classes of biogenic hydrocarbons including isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. To date, isoprene has displayed the most pronounced increase in SOC, although few measurements have been conducted with anthropogenic hydrocarbons. In the present study, we examine several aspects of the effect of aerosol acidity on the secondary organic carbon formation from the photooxidation of 1,3-butadiene, and extend the previous analysis of isoprene. The photooxidation products measured in the absence and presence of acidic sulfate aerosols were generated either through photochemical oxidation of SO2 or by nebulizing mixtures of ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid into a 14.5 m(3) smog chamber system. The results showed that, like isoprene and beta-caryophyllene, 1,3-butadiene SOC yields linearly correlate with increasing acidic sulfate aerosol. The observed acid sensitivity of 0.11% SOC increase per nmol m(-3) increase in H+ was approximately a factor of 3 less than that measured for isoprene. The results also showed that the aerosol yield decreased with increasing humidity for both isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, although to different degrees. Increasing the absolute humidity from 2 to 12 gm(-3) reduced the 1,3-butadiene yield by 45% and the isoprene yield by 85 %. C1 [Lewandowski, M.; Offenberg, J. H.; Krug, J. D.; Kleindienst, T. E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lewandowski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewandowski.michael@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. It has been subject to agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 7 BP 3773 EP 3783 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3773-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0LF UT WOS:000352957400009 ER PT J AU Yu, L Fennel, K Laurent, A Murrell, MC Lehrter, JC AF Yu, L. Fennel, K. Laurent, A. Murrell, M. C. Lehrter, J. C. TI Numerical analysis of the primary processes controlling oxygen dynamics on the Louisiana shelf SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; EUTROPHIC COASTAL ECOSYSTEM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SKILL ASSESSMENT; SUMMER HYPOXIA; WATER COLUMN; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB The Louisiana shelf, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, receives large amounts of freshwater and nutrients from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya river system. These river inputs contribute to widespread bottom-water hypoxia every summer. In this study, we use a physical-biogeochemical model that explicitly simulates oxygen sources and sinks on the Louisiana shelf to identify the key mechanisms controlling hypoxia development. First, we validate the model simulation against observed dissolved oxygen concentrations, primary production, water column respiration, and sediment oxygen consumption. In the model simulation, heterotrophy is prevalent in shelf waters throughout the year, except near the mouths of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers, where primary production exceeds respiratory oxygen consumption during June and July. During this time, efflux of oxygen to the atmosphere, driven by photosynthesis and surface warming, becomes a significant oxygen sink. A substantial fraction of primary production occurs below the pycnocline in summer. We investigate whether this primary production below the pycnocline is mitigating the development of hypoxic conditions with the help of a sensitivity experiment where we disable biological processes in the water column (i.e., primary production and water column respiration). With this experiment we show that below-pycnocline primary production reduces the spatial extent of hypoxic bottom waters only slightly. Our results suggest that the combination of physical processes (advection and vertical diffusion) and sediment oxygen consumption largely determine the spatial extent and dynamics of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. C1 [Yu, L.; Fennel, K.; Laurent, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Murrell, M. C.; Lehrter, J. C.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Yu, L (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM liuqian.yu@dal.ca RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Laurent, Arnaud/0000-0002-8545-9309 FU NOAA CSCOR grants [NA06N0S4780198]; US IOOS Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed FX This work was supported through NOAA CSCOR grants NA06N0S4780198 and the US IOOS Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed. NOAA NGOMEX publication no. 202. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 7 BP 2063 EP 2076 DI 10.5194/bg-12-2063-2015 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CG0LP UT WOS:000352958400001 ER PT J AU Druschke, CG Hychka, KC AF Druschke, Caroline Gottschalk Hychka, Kristen C. TI Manager perspectives on communication and public engagement in ecological restoration project success SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive comanagement; adaptive management; communication; discourse analysis; natural resource management; public engagement; public participation; restoration; river; stakeholder engagement; water ID RIVER RESTORATION; PARTICIPATION; SCIENTISTS; SYSTEMS; TIME AB We look to a particular social-ecological system, the restoration community in Rhode Island, USA and the rivers, wetlands, marshes, and estuaries they work to protect, to draw connections between communication, community involvement, and ecological restoration project success. Offering real-world examples drawn from interviews with 27 local, state, federal, and nonprofit restoration managers, we synthesize the mechanisms that managers found effective to argue that the communication employed by resource managers in each phase of the restoration process, in prioritization, implementation, and monitoring, and for garnering broad-based support, shapes the quality of public engagement in natural resources management, which, in turn, can impact the stakeholder, learning, and ecological success of restoration projects. Despite the possible trade-offs and conflicts between social and ecological outcomes, we suggest that managers need to consider their desired social-ecological outcomes and work from the outset to deliberately design mechanisms for communication and public engagement that weave community stakeholders into all phases of restoration projects in sustained and consequential ways. C1 [Druschke, Caroline Gottschalk] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hychka, Kristen C.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Druschke, CG (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 36 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 AR 58 DI 10.5751/ES-07451-200158 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG4XW UT WOS:000353293900067 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, BA Conmy, RN Duffy, AE Aukamp, J Yates, DF Craven, G AF Schaeffer, Blake A. Conmy, Robyn N. Duffy, Allyn E. Aukamp, Jessica Yates, Diane F. Craven, George TI Northern Gulf of Mexico estuarine coloured dissolved organic matter derived from MODIS data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY INDICATORS; OCEAN COLOR; COASTAL WATERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLYDE SEA; TAMPA-BAY; VARIABILITY; SEAWIFS; FLORIDA; CARBON AB Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is relevant for water quality management and may become an important measure to complement future water quality assessment programmes. An approach to derive CDOM using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was developed that may be more accessible to water quality managers by selecting an off-the-shelf software and algorithm with standard atmospheric correction. This study focused on demonstrating the transferability of a remote-sensing reflectance (R-rs) band ratio algorithm, R-rs(667)/R-rs(488), previously developed to derive CDOM absorption (a(g(lambda))) at multiple MODIS wavebands in open ocean and coastal waters to the United States northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. In situ calibration regressions at 412, 443, 469, and 488 nm had coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.76, 0.71, 0.69, and 0.57, respectively. Waveband calibrations at 531, 547, and 555 nm were below R-2 = 0.50, and therefore were not considered further. MODIS R-rs, from the standard atmospheric correction, followed nearly identical spectral shapes to the in situ HyperSAS R-rs, but were on average 0.002 + 0.0004 sr(-1) less. A satellite to in situ validation match-up window of <= 1 hour was selected with an R-2 = 0.82 and root mean square error (RMSE = 1.79) at 412 nm. An in situ water quality mooring demonstrated that the overall response and range of MODIS a(g(412)) were similar, with relative mean error from -32% to 42%. The advantage to managers was synoptic coverage across multiple estuaries and the ability to provide estimates of derived water quality parameters between the water quality assessment programme sample collection periods, which could offer more holistic assessment. C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Conmy, Robyn N.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Duffy, Allyn E.; Aukamp, Jessica; Yates, Diane F.; Craven, George] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schaeffer.blake@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency; NASA [NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS] FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency and NASA Grant # NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2015 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2219 EP 2237 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1035408 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CG8RG UT WOS:000353577600013 ER PT J AU Oczkowski, A Thornber, CS Markham, EE Rossi, R Ziegler, A Rinehart, S AF Oczkowski, Autumn Thornber, Carol S. Markham, Erin E. Rossi, Ryann Ziegler, Amanda Rinehart, Shelby TI Testing sample stability using four storage methods and the macroalgae Ulva and Gracilaria SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN AB Concern over the relative importance of different sample preparation and storage techniques frequently used in stable isotope analysis of particulate nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) prompted an experiment to determine how important such factors were to measured values in marine organisms. We stored the marine macroalgae Ulva and Gracilaria in four different ways and analyzed replicates every three months over the course of a year to assess treatment effects on stability. Treatments consisted of algae dried at 65 degrees C, ground to a powder, and stored in a desiccator until analysis; algae left in a drying oven or in a freezer and processed (dried and ground) just prior to analysis, as well as some dried, ground samples kept out in the lab and reanalyzed quarterly for 12 months. Concurrently, to assess the ecological range in isotope values over the course of a year, samples were freshly collected from the same location and analyzed along with the other treatments at each time step. Neither storage technique nor time had an impact on either delta N-15 or delta C-13 values or the %N and %C of the algae tissues. There were clear and consistent differences between species and some large seasonal differences in the freshly collected samples. The interspecies differences and seasonal ranges of values underscore the stability associated with method and duration of sample storage. C1 [Oczkowski, Autumn; Markham, Erin E.; Rossi, Ryann] US EPA, Grad Sch Oceanog, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Thornber, Carol S.; Ziegler, Amanda; Rinehart, Shelby] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Oczkowski, A (reprint author), US EPA, Grad Sch Oceanog, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Oczkowski.Autumn@epa.gov FU University of Rhode Island; National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement [EPS-1004057]; State of Rhode Island; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Thank you to R. McKinney for assistance with sample analysis, and to J. Carey, R. Johnson, and M. Pelletier for providing useful edits of this manuscript. Partial funding was provided by the University of Rhode Island through an undergraduate research grant to A. Ziegler. This material is based, in part, upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement #EPS-1004057 and the State of Rhode Island. This is ORD Tracking Number ORD-008193 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1002/lom3.10002 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CG8KH UT WOS:000353555800002 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Hoffman, JC AF Trebitz, Anett S. Hoffman, Joel C. TI Coastal Wetland Support of Great Lakes Fisheries: Progress from Concept to Quantification SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; YELLOW PERCH; LARVAL FISHES; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; SAMPLING DESIGN; LARGEMOUTH BASS; FORAGE FISH; LAND-USE; MICHIGAN AB Fishery support is recognized as a valuable ecosystem service provided by aquatic systems, but it is harder to quantify than to describe conceptually. In this paper, we combine data on fish inhabiting Great Lakes coastal wetlands (GLCWs) with information on commercial and recreational harvest and the piscivore forage base to develop quantitative understanding of the multiple species involved in direct and indirect fishery support of this complex fishery. We then examine patterns of species co-occurrence and life history and relationships to GLCW conditions in order to identify fishery support metrics useful in aggregating species patterns and evaluating management outcomes. Our criteria for wetland prevalence (>= 10% occurrence) and fishery importance (>= 1% of recreational or commercial harvest in one or more of the Great Lakes or having a major forage fish role) yielded 21 wetland-using, fishery-relevant species representing multiple taxonomic groups and life history attributes. Wetland-using species are estimated to make up half the biomass and 60% of the dollar value of the fish landed commercially and similar to 80% of the fish numbers harvested recreationally. All of the GLCWs studied supported species of interest to recreational and commercial fishers but with widely varying composition. A few key habitat characteristics (e.g., vegetation structure) are broadly predictive of the types of sport and panfish present, with more degraded GLCWs generally supporting abundant but lower-value taxa (rough-fish species) and less degraded GLCWs supporting fewer but higher-value taxa (sport and panfish species). No single taxonomic or functional metric seems adequate to capture the diversity of fishery-relevant species supported by GLCWs; fishery support needs to be understood and managed in a multimetric context. C1 [Trebitz, Anett S.; Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 352 EP 372 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.982257 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200013 ER PT J AU Heenan, J Slater, LD Ntarlagiannis, D Atekwana, EA Fathepure, BZ Dalvi, S Ross, C Werkema, DD Atekwana, EA AF Heenan, Jeffrey Slater, Lee D. Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Atekwana, Estella A. Fathepure, Babu Z. Dalvi, Sonal Ross, Cameron Werkema, Dale D. Atekwana, Eliot A. TI Electrical resistivity imaging for long-term autonomous monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation: Lessons from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION ANALYSIS; PHENOL HYDROXYLASE; DC RESISTIVITY; TOMOGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; BIODEGRADATION; SIGNATURES; INVERSION; TRANSPORT AB Conceptual models for the geophysical responses associated with hydrocarbon degradation suggest that the long-term evolution of an oil plume will result in a more conductive anomaly than the initial contamination. In response to the Deepwater Horizon (DH) oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, an autonomous resistivity monitoring system was deployed on Grand Terre, Louisiana, in an attempt to monitor natural degradation processes in hydrocarbon-impacted beach sediments of this island. A 48-electrode surface array with a 0.5-m spacing was installed to obtain twice-daily images of the resistivity structure of the shallow subsurface impacted by oil. Over the course of approximately 18 months, we observed a progressive decrease in the resistivity of the DH spill-impacted region. Detailed analysis of pixel/point resistivity variation within the imaged area showed that long-term decreases in resistivity were largely associated with the DH-impacted sediments. A microbial diversity survey revealed the presence of hydrocarbon-degrading organisms throughout the test site. However, hydrocarbon degradation activity was much higher in the DH-impacted locations compared to nonimpacted locations, suggesting the presence of active hydrocarbon degraders, supporting biodegradation processes. The results of this long-term monitoring experiment suggested that resistivity might be used to noninvasively monitor the long-term degradation of crude oil spills. C1 [Heenan, Jeffrey; Slater, Lee D.; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Atekwana, Estella A.; Ross, Cameron; Atekwana, Eliot A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fathepure, Babu Z.; Dalvi, Sonal] Oklahoma State Univ, Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Werkema, Dale D.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Heenan, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jheenan@pegasus.rutgers.edu; lslater@rutgers.edu; dimntar@rutgers.edu; estella.atekwana@okstate.edu; babu.fathepure@okstate.edu; sonal.dalvi@okstate.edu; camersr@ostatemail.okstate.edu; werkema.d@epamail.epa.gov; eliot.atekwana@okstate.edu OI atekwana, eliot/0000-0002-4934-650X FU United States Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development Student Services [RFQ-RT-11-00103]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1049301]; American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund [49823-ND8]; Chevron Energy Corporation FX This work was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development Student Services Contract RFQ-RT-11-00103 to J. Heenan, National Science Foundation RAPID Award, OCE-1049301, American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund, grant no. 49823-ND8, and the Chevron Energy Corporation. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 80 IS 1 BP B1 EP B11 DI 10.1190/GEO2013-0468.1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE8PN UT WOS:000352105900005 ER PT J AU Gantt, B Johnson, MS Crippa, M Prevot, ASH Meskhidze, N AF Gantt, B. Johnson, M. S. Crippa, M. Prevot, A. S. H. Meskhidze, N. TI Implementing marine organic aerosols into the GEOS-Chem model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-SPRAY AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; MATTER ENRICHMENT; DRY DEPOSITION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; EMISSIONS; ISOPRENE; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTICLES AB Marine-sourced organic aerosols (MOAs) have been shown to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry by impacting surface mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei concentrations over remote marine and coastal regions. In this work, an online marine primary organic aerosol emission parameterization, designed to be used for both global and regional models, was implemented into the GEOS-Chem (Global Earth Observing System Chemistry) model. The implemented emission scheme improved the large underprediction of organic aerosol concentrations in clean marine regions (normalized mean bias decreases from -79% when using the default settings to -12% when marine organic aerosols are added). Model predictions were also in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.62 and normalized mean bias of -36%) with hourly surface concentrations of MOAs observed during the summertime at an inland site near Paris, France. Our study shows that MOAs have weaker coastal-to-inland concentration gradients than sea-salt aerosols, leading to several inland European cities having > 10% of their surface submicron organic aerosol mass concentration with a marine source. The addition of MOA tracers to GEOS-Chem enabled us to identify the regions with large contributions of freshly emitted or aged aerosol having distinct physicochemical properties, potentially indicating optimal locations for future field studies. C1 [Gantt, B.; Meskhidze, N.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, M. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Crippa, M.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Gantt, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bdgantt@gmail.com RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DEFG02-08ER64508]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0826117]; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AG72G]; European Community [212520]; Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy grant no. DEFG02-08ER64508, National Science Foundation grant no. ATM-0826117, and National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) through grant no. NNX11AG72G. The measurements in Paris were conducted in the MEGAPOLI project, mainly financially supported by the European Community's Framework Program FP/2007-2011 under grant agreement no. 212520. The authors would like to thank Daniel Jacob and the Harvard University Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group for providing the base GEOS-Chem model used during our research. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at NASA Ames Research Center. B. Gantt is supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE9JM UT WOS:000352160200010 ER PT J AU Duan, WL He, B Takara, K Luo, PP Nover, D Hu, MC AF Duan, W. L. He, B. Takara, K. Luo, P. P. Nover, D. Hu, M. C. TI Modeling suspended sediment sources and transport in the Ishikari River basin, Japan, using SPARROW SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY REFERENCED REGRESSION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAND-USE; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL-EROSION; NITROGEN DELIVERY; PHOSPHORUS; IMPACT; CHANNEL; RUNOFF AB It is important to understand the mechanisms that control the fate and transport of suspended sediment (SS) in rivers, because high suspended sediment loads have significant impacts on riverine hydroecology. In this study, the SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) watershed model was applied to estimate the sources and transport of SS in surface waters of the Ishikari River basin (14 330 km(2)), the largest watershed in Hokkaido, Japan. The final developed SPARROW model has four source variables (developing lands, forest lands, agricultural lands, and stream channels), three landscape delivery variables (slope, soil permeability, and precipitation), two in-stream loss coefficients, including small streams (streams with drainage area < 200 km(2)) and large streams, and reservoir attenuation. The model was calibrated using measurements of SS from 31 monitoring sites of mixed spatial data on topography, soils and stream hydrography. Calibration results explain approximately 96% (R-2) of the spatial variability in the natural logarithm mean annual SS flux (kg yr(-1)) and display relatively small prediction errors at the 31 monitoring stations. Results show that developing land is associated with the largest sediment yield at around 1006 kg km(-2) yr(-1), followed by agricultural land (234 kg km(-2) yr(-1)). Estimation of incremental yields shows that 35% comes from agricultural lands, 23% from forested lands, 23% from developing lands, and 19% from stream channels. The results of this study improve our understanding of sediment production and transportation in the Ishikari River basin in general, which will benefit both the scientific and management communities in safeguarding water resources. C1 [Duan, W. L.; He, B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Duan, W. L.; Takara, K.; Hu, M. C.] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Luo, P. P.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Inst Hydraul Struct Engn & Water Environm, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Luo, P. P.] United Nations Univ, Inst Adv Study Sustainabil, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Nover, D.] US EPA, Global Change Res Grp, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Duan, WL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM duan.scut.cn@gmail.com; hebin@niglas.ac.cn; luoping198121@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471460]; "One Hundred Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kyoto University Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions Global COE program; Global Center for Education and Research on Human Security Engineering for Asian Megacities; Postdoctoral fellowship of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [P12055]; JSPS KAKENHI [24.02055]; JSPS (KAKENHI Wakate B) [90569724]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This study is sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41471460) and "One Hundred Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Kyoto University Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions Global COE program and the Global Center for Education and Research on Human Security Engineering for Asian Megacities, the Postdoctoral fellowship of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (P12055), JSPS KAKENHI grant number 24.02055 and the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (KAKENHI Wakate B, 90569724). We also wish to acknowledge Anne B. Hoos and John W. Brakebill of the US Geological Survey for their help with the use of the SPARROW model. The first author would like to thank the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for his PhD scholarships. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1293 EP 1306 DI 10.5194/hess-19-1293-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CE9JQ UT WOS:000352160600012 ER PT J AU Holeck, KT Rudstam, LG Watkins, JM Luckey, FJ Lantry, JR Lantry, BF Trometer, ES Koops, MA Johnson, TB AF Holeck, K. T. Rudstam, L. G. Watkins, J. M. Luckey, F. J. Lantry, J. R. Lantry, B. F. Trometer, E. S. Koops, M. A. Johnson, T. B. TI Lake Ontario water quality during the 2003 and 2008 intensive field years and comparison with long-term trends SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE oligotrophication; phosphorus; silica; chlorophyll a; Secchi disc transparency; trophic state ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; TROPHIC STATE; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; NEARSHORE; EUTROPHICATION; ENRICHMENT AB Phosphorus loading declined between the 1970s and the 1990s, leading to oligotrophication of the offshore waters of Lake Ontario during that time period. Using lake-wide data from the intensive field years of 2003 and 2008 and from available long-term data sets on several trophic state indicators (total phosphorus [TP], soluble reactive silica [SRSi], chlorophyll a and Secchi disc transparency [SDT]), we tested the hypothesis that oligotrophication of the offshore waters of Lake Ontario has continued in the 2000s. Significant differences between 2003 and 2008 include higher spring (April) TP, SRSi, and SDT in 2008, lower summer (July-August) SDT in 2008, higher summer chlorophyll a in 2008, and lower fall (September) TP, SRSi, and chlorophyll a in 2008. The decline in SRSi from spring to summer was greater in 2008 than in 2003. Change point and regression analyses on the long-term data revealed no trend in spring TP since 1996, in summer chlorophyll a since 1994, in spring SDT since 1998, in spring SRSi or SRSi decline from spring to summer since 1999, or in summer SDT since 2001. Neither the comparison of the 2003 and 2008 surveys nor the analysis of the long-term data supported our hypothesis of continued oligotrophication of the offshore of Lake Ontario in the 2000s. C1 [Holeck, K. T.; Rudstam, L. G.; Watkins, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Luckey, F. J.] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Lantry, J. R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Ontario Fisheries Res Unit, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. [Lantry, B. F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Trometer, E. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Off, Basom, NY 14013 USA. [Koops, M. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Johnson, T. B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Holeck, KT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Pt Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM kth1@cornell.edu RI Koops, Marten/A-4534-2010 OI Koops, Marten/0000-0002-3676-7946 FU EPA [97220700-0]; International Joint Commission FX This work was funded by EPA Grant 97220700-0 to Cornell University as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and a grant from the International Joint Commission. Further support is provided by the agencies collaborating in the lower trophic level assessments of Lake Ontario (EPA GNLPO and Region 2, NYSDEC, USGS, USFWS, DFO, EC, OMNR). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1080/14634988.2015.1000787 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CE3AI UT WOS:000351695400003 ER PT J AU Rudstam, LG Holeck, KT Bowen, KL Watkins, JM Weidel, BC Luckey, FJ AF Rudstam, L. G. Holeck, K. T. Bowen, K. L. Watkins, J. M. Weidel, B. C. Luckey, F. J. TI Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE calanoids; cyclopoids; bosminids; daphniids; Bythotrephes ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LOWER FOOD-WEB; CLADOCERAN BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; RAINBOW SMELT; PREDATORY CLADOCERAN; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON AB Lake-wide zooplankton surveys are critical for documenting and understanding food web responses to ecosystem change. Surveys in 2003 and 2008 during the binational intensive field year in Lake Ontario found that offshore epilimnetic crustacean zooplankton declined by a factor of 12 (density) and factor of 5 (biomass) in the summer with smaller declines in the fall. These declines coincided with an increase in abundance of Bythotrephes and are likely the result of direct predation by, or behavioral responses to this invasive invertebrate predator. Whole water column zooplankton density also declined from 2003 to 2008 in the summer and fall (factor of 4), but biomass only declined in the fall (factor of 2). The decline in biomass was less than the decline in density because the average size of individual zooplankton increased. This was due to changes in the zooplankton community composition from a cyclopoid/bosminid dominated community in 2003 to a calanoid dominated community in 2008. The increase in calanoid copepods was primarily due to the larger species Limnocalanus macrurus and Leptodiaptomus sicilis. These cold water species were found in and below the thermocline associated with a deep chlorophyll layer. In 2008, most of the zooplankton biomass resided in or below the thermocline during the day. Increased importance of copepods in deeper, colder water may favor Cisco and Rainbow Smelt over Alewife because these species are better adapted to cold temperatures than Alewife. C1 [Rudstam, L. G.; Holeck, K. T.; Watkins, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rudstam, L. G.; Holeck, K. T.; Watkins, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bowen, K. L.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Weidel, B. C.] USGS Great Lakes Lab, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. [Luckey, F. J.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. RP Rudstam, LG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lgr1@cornell.edu FU EPA [97220700-0]; International Joint Commission FX This work was funded by EPA Grant 97220700-0 to Cornell University as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative with supplemental funding from the International Joint Commission. Further support was provided by the agencies collaborating in the lower trophic level assessments of Lake Ontario (EPA GNLPO and Region 2, NYSDEC, USGS, USFWS, DFO, EC, OMNR). The opinions presented herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of EPA or USGS. This is contribution number 1863 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1080/14634988.2014.965121 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CE3AI UT WOS:000351695400006 ER PT J AU Xing, J Mathur, R Pleim, J Hogrefe, C Gan, CM Wong, DC Wei, C Gilliam, R Pouliot, G AF Xing, J. Mathur, R. Pleim, J. Hogrefe, C. Gan, C-M. Wong, D. C. Wei, C. Gilliam, R. Pouliot, G. TI Observations and modeling of air quality trends over 1990-2010 across the Northern Hemisphere: China, the United States and Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; BLACK CARBON CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LINE OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; LONG-TERM CHANGES; PART I; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AB Trends in air quality across the Northern Hemisphere over a 21-year period (1990-2010) were simulated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) multiscale chemical transport model driven by meteorology from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations and internally consistent historical emission inventories obtained from EDGAR. Thorough comparison with several ground observation networks mostly over Europe and North America was conducted to evaluate the model performance as well as the ability of CMAQ to reproduce the observed trends in air quality over the past 2 decades in three regions: eastern China, the continental United States and Europe. The model successfully reproduced the observed decreasing trends in SO2, NO2, 8 h O-3 maxima, SO42- and elemental carbon (EC) in the US and Europe. However, the model fails to reproduce the decreasing trends in NO3- in the US, potentially pointing to uncertainties of NH3 emissions. The model failed to capture the 6-year trends of SO2 and NO2 in CN-API (China - Air Pollution Index) from 2005 to 2010, but reproduced the observed pattern of O-3 trends shown in three World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) sites over eastern Asia. Due to the coarse spatial resolution employed in these calculations, predicted SO2 and NO2 concentrations are underestimated relative to all urban networks, i.e., US-AQS (US - ir Quality System; normalized mean bias (NMB) D 38% and 48 %), EU-AIRBASE (European Air quality data Base; NMB D 18 and 54 %) and CN-API (NMB D 36 and 68 %). Conversely, at the rural network EU-EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme), SO2 is overestimated (NMB from 4 to 150 %) while NO2 is simulated well (NMB within +/- 15 %) in all seasons. Correlations between simulated and observed O-3 wintertime daily 8 h maxima (DM8) are poor compared to other seasons for all networks. Better correlation between simulated and observed SO42- was found compared to that for SO2. Underestimation of summer SO42- in the US may be associated with the uncertainty in precipitation and associated wet scavenging representation in the model. The model exhibits worse performance for NO3- predictions, particularly in summer, due to high uncertainties in the gas/particle partitioning of NO3- as well as seasonal variations of NH3 emissions. There are high correlations (R > 0.5) between observed and simulated EC, although the model underestimates the EC concentration by 65% due to the coarse grid resolution as well as uncertainties in the PM speciation profile associated with EC emissions. The almost linear response seen in the trajectory of modeled O-3 changes in eastern China over the past 2 decades suggests that control strategies that focus on combined control of NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions with a ratio of 0.46 may provide the most effective means for O-3 reductions for the region devoid of nonlinear response potentially associated with NOx or VOC limitation resulting from alternate strategies. The response of O-3 is more sensitive to changes in NOx emissions in the eastern US because the relative abundance of biogenic VOC emissions tends to reduce the effectiveness of VOC controls. Increasing NH3 levels offset the relative effectiveness of NOx controls in reducing the relative fraction of aerosol NO3- formed from declining NOx emissions in the eastern US, while the control effectiveness was assured by the simultaneous control of NH3 emission in Europe. C1 [Xing, J.; Mathur, R.; Pleim, J.; Hogrefe, C.; Gan, C-M.; Wong, D. C.; Wei, C.; Gilliam, R.; Pouliot, G.] US EPA, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Wei, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Xing, J (reprint author), US EPA, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM xing.jia@epa.gov RI wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU US Department of Energy [DE-SC000378]; US EPA [RW-89-9233260 1]; National Research Council FX Although this work has been reviewed and approved for publication by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it does not reflect the views and policies of the agency. This work was supported in part by an inter-agency agreement between the US Department of Energy project (IA no. DE-SC000378) and the US EPA (IA no. RW-89-9233260 1). This research was performed while Jia Xing held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US EPA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the free availability and use of data sets associated with the EDGAR, SMOKE, GEIA, CASTNET, IMPROVE, AQS, EMEP, AIRBASE, WDCGG and China API initiatives. NR 80 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 20 U2 104 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2723 EP 2747 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2723-2015 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6KL UT WOS:000351197900003 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Smith, L Brantley, H Stallings, C Neas, L Kimbrough, S Williams, R AF Mukerjee, Shaibal Smith, Luther Brantley, Halley Stallings, Casson Neas, Lucas Kimbrough, Sue Williams, Ronald TI Comparison of modeled traffic exposure zones using on-road air pollution measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; geographic information system (GIS); mobile monitor; traffic ID NEAR-ROAD; RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; MAJOR HIGHWAY; QUALITY; ASTHMA; OUTCOMES; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB Modeled traffic data were used to develop traffic exposure zones (TEZs) such as traffic delay, high volume, and transit routes in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina (USA). On-road air pollution measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), black carbon (BC), coarse (PM2.5-10), fine (PM2.5) particulate matter and ultrafine particles (UFPs) were made on routes that encountered these TEZs. Results indicated overall greater traffic pollutant levels in high volume and delay road sections than bus routes or areas of higher signal light density. The combination of delineating roadways into TEZs with highly time resolved on-road measurements demonstrated how pollutant levels can vary within roadways. C1 [Mukerjee, Shaibal; Williams, Ronald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Luther; Stallings, Casson] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC USA. [Brantley, Halley; Kimbrough, Sue] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brantley, Halley] Student Serv Contractor, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Neas, Lucas] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mukerjee.shaibal@epa.gov OI Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070] FX We thank the Institute for Transportation Research and Education at North Carolina State University for providing modeled traffic counts and Parikh Deshmukh of ARCADIS for field measurements. We also thank Gayle Hagler, Carry Croghan, Jason Weinstein, and Eben Thoma of EPA/ORD for analysis and reviewing the paper. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion. The paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.5094/APR.2015.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE1AJ UT WOS:000351543300010 ER PT J AU Jahne, MA Rogers, SW Ramler, IP Holder, E Hayes, G AF Jahne, Michael A. Rogers, Shane W. Ramler, Ivan P. Holder, Edith Hayes, Gina TI Hierarchal clustering yields insight into multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from a cattle feedlot wastewater treatment system SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic resistance; Hierarchal clustering; Animal feeding operations; Fecal indicator bacteria; Wastewater; Vancomycin ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; SURFACE-WATER; HUMAN HEALTH; GENE AB Forty-two percent of Escherichia coli and 58 % of Enterococcus spp. isolated from cattle feedlot runoff and associated infiltration basin and constructed wetland treatment system were resistant to at least one antibiotic of clinical importance; a high level of multidrug resistance (22 % of E. coli and 37 % of Enterococcus spp.) was observed. Hierarchical clustering revealed a closely associated resistance cluster among drug-resistant E. coli isolates that included cephalosporins (ceftiofur, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (gentamycin, kanamycin, and amikacin), and quinolone nalidixic acid; antibiotics from these classes were used at the study site, and cross-resistance may be associated with transferrable multiple-resistance elements. For Enterococcus spp., co-resistance among vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin was common; these antibiotics are reserved for complicated clinical infections and have not been approved for animal use. Vancomycin resistance (n=49) only occurred when isolates were resistant to linezolid, daptomycin, and all four of the MLSB (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) antibiotics tested (tylosin, erythromycin, lincomycin, and quinipristin/dalfopristin). This suggests that developing co-resistance to MLSB antibiotics along with cyclic lipopeptides and oxazolidinones may result in resistance to vancomycin as well. Effects of the treatment system on antibiotic resistance were pronounced during periods of no rainfall and low flow (long residence time). Increased hydraulic loading (short residence time) under the influence of rain caused antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be flushed through the treatment system. This presents concern for environmental discharge of multidrug-resistant organisms relevant to public health. C1 [Jahne, Michael A.] Clarkson Univ, Inst Sustainable Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Rogers, Shane W.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Ramler, Ivan P.] St Lawrence Univ, Dept Math Comp Sci & Stat, Canton, NY 13617 USA. [Holder, Edith] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Hayes, Gina] Miami Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Rogers, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. EM srogers@clarkson.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-35102-18614]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; National Science Foundation [0959713] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2007-35102-18614. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, also funded and collaborated in the research described herein. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the USEPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This material is based, in part, upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0959713. The authors thank Dr. Robert Burns of Iowa State University for installation, calibration, and maintenance of the sampling equipment and collection and shipment of manure and water samples. The authors also thank the landowner who graciously allowed access and collection of samples at the study site. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 187 IS 1 AR 4168 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4168-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE0XU UT WOS:000351535000001 PM 25504186 ER PT J AU Davis, AY Ottmar, R Liu, YQ Goodrick, S Achtemeier, G Gullett, B Aurell, J Stevens, W Greenwald, R Hu, YT Russell, A Hiers, JK Odman, MT AF Davis, Aika Y. Ottmar, Roger Liu, Yongqiang Goodrick, Scott Achtemeier, Gary Gullett, Brian Aurell, Johanna Stevens, William Greenwald, Roby Hu, Yongtao Russell, Armistead Hiers, J. Kevin Odman, M. Talat TI Fire emission uncertainties and their effect on smoke dispersion predictions: a case study at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; PRESCRIBED BURNS; PLUME-RISE; CARBON; URBAN; MODEL; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES AB Prescribed burning is practiced to benefit ecosystems but the resulting emissions can adversely affect air quality. A better understanding of the uncertainties in emission estimates and how these uncertainties affect smoke predictions is critical for model-based decision making. This study examined uncertainties associated with estimating fire emissions and how they affected smoke concentrations downwind from a prescribed burn that was conducted at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida, US. Estimated variables used in the modelled emission calculation were compared with field measurements. Fuel loadings, fuel consumption and emission factors were simulated using Photo Series, Consume, and previously published values. A plume dispersion model was used to study the effect of uncertainty in emissions on ground concentration prediction. The fire emission models predicted fuel loading, fuel consumption and emission factor within 15% of measurements. Approximately 18% uncertainty in field measurements of PM2.5 emissions and 36% uncertainty attributed to variability in emission estimating models resulted respectively in 20% and 42% ground level PM2.5 concentration uncertainties in dispersion modelling using Daysmoke. Uncertainty in input emissions influences the concentrations predicted by the smoke dispersion model to the same degree as does the model's inherent uncertainty due to turbulence. C1 [Davis, Aika Y.; Hu, Yongtao; Russell, Armistead; Odman, M. Talat] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ottmar, Roger] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Liu, Yongqiang; Goodrick, Scott; Achtemeier, Gary] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gullett, Brian; Aurell, Johanna] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stevens, William] Kentucky Christian Univ, Grayson, KY 41143 USA. [Greenwald, Roby] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Univ South, Environm Stewardship & Sustainabil, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. RP Odman, MT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 790 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM talat.odman@ce.gatech.edu RI Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 081604, JFSP 081606]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SERDP RC-1647]; NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team [NNX11AI55G]; US EPA Science to Achieve Results Program [RD83521701] FX This study was made possible with support from the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP 081604 and JFSP 081606), the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP RC-1647) and NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (NNX11AI55G). This publication was made possible also by the US EPA Science to Achieve Results Program (RD83521701). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. Special thanks are due to those who participated in Rx-CADRE at Eglin AFB and helped gathering burn information and data, especially Brett Williams from Jackson Guard, Eglin AFB Fire Management, and Boris Galvis and Fernando Garcia-Menendez from Georgia Institute of Technology. We also acknowledge David Combs and Ken Forbus from USDA Forest Service for conduction ceilometer measurements, as well as Chris Pressley, Bill Mitchell and Bill Squier of EPA and Rob Gribble of ISSI Inc. for conducting aerostat measurements. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1071/WF13071 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CD9TX UT WOS:000351442500014 ER PT J AU Moore, C AF Moore, Chris TI Welfare Estimates of Avoided Ocean Acidification in the US Mollusk Market SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE compensating surplus; equivalent surplus; inverse demand system; ocean acidification ID INVERSE DEMAND SYSTEMS; DISTANCE FUNCTION; FISH; CO2 AB Ocean acidification has the potential to adversely affect a number of valuable marine ecosystem services by making it more difficult, and eventually impossible, for many marine organisms to form shells and skeletons. Reef-forming corals, commercially valuable shellfish, and primary producers that form the base of the marine food web are among the affected organisms. Despite the range and magnitude of likely impacts, very few economic analyses of ocean acidification's consequences have been conducted. This paper adds to the emerging body of literature by taking a distance function approach to estimating the benefits of avoided ocean acidification in the U.S. mollusk market. A nonlinear inverse almost ideal demand system estimates the utility parameters needed to calculate the exact consumer welfare measures compensating and equivalent surplus for two hypothetical policies that would reduce global greenhouse gas emissions relative to a business-as-usual scenario. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Moore, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA CE0EP UT WOS:000351477600005 ER PT J AU Milovancev, M Hauck, M Keller, C Stranahan, LW Mansoor, A Malarkey, DE AF Milovancev, M. Hauck, M. Keller, C. Stranahan, L. W. Mansoor, A. Malarkey, D. E. TI Comparative Pathology of Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Possible Models of Human Non-rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative pathology; dog; man; soft tissue sarcoma ID DRUG DEVELOPMENT; DOGS; TUMORS; TARGETS; BIOLOGY AB Comparative analyses of canine and human soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are lacking. This study compared the histological and immunohistochemical (labelling for desmin, smooth muscle actin [SMA], CD31, pancytokeratin, S100 and CD34) appearance of 32 archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded canine STS tumour specimens by board-certified veterinary and medical pathologists, both blinded to the other's interpretations. Comparison between the veterinary and human diagnoses revealed a generally consistent pattern of interpretation with few notable variations. Most tumours (13/32) were judged to display similar histomorphological appearance to human low-grade spindle cell sarcomas, appearing non-distinctive and morphologically of a fibroblastic/myofibroblastic type. Five canine cases resembled human liposarcoma, but with atypical desmin-positive epithelioid cells present. Five canine cases resembled human spindle cell sarcoma with myxoid features and two additional cases resembled human myxofibrosarcoma. Seven canine cases were noted to resemble human undifferentiated sarcoma. Findings in the present study demonstrate that canine STSs display histological and immunohistochemical features similar to their human equivalents. Because of these cross-species similarities, a particular opportunity exists to understand the biology and treatment of human STS by potentially including dogs as clinical models. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milovancev, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hauck, M.; Stranahan, L. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Keller, C.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Pape Family Pediat Res Inst, Pediat Canc Biol Program, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Mansoor, A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pathol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Malarkey, D. E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Keller, C.] Childrens Canc Therapy Dev Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Milovancev, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM milan.milovancev@oregonstate.edu OI Milovancev, Milan/0000-0002-0556-4409 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 EI 1532-3129 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 152 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.09.005 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA CD2OX UT WOS:000350920000004 PM 25435513 ER PT J AU Selvakumar, A Matthews, JC Condit, W Sterling, R AF Selvakumar, Ariamalar Matthews, John C. Condit, Wendy Sterling, Ray TI Innovative research program on the renewal of aging water infrastructure systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE decision support; pipe rehabilitation; quality assurance/quality control; trenchless technology; wastewater pipe; water pipe ID REHABILITATION; SEWER; MAINS AB The needs associated with the aging water infrastructure are immense and have been estimated at more than $1 trillion over the next 20 years for water and wastewater utilities. To meet this growing need, utilities require the use of innovative technologies and procedures for managing their systems. To help meet their needs, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a research program to assist utilities in the renewal of water distribution and wastewater collection systems and this paper summarizes that program. This paper addresses the state-of-the-art review of current and emerging renewal technologies available for water distribution and wastewater collection systems. This paper also discusses the results of other program components which are intended to aid in the use of the renewal methods. This included: a cured-in-place pipe retrospective study of liners in use for more than 25 years; a field demonstration program of innovative water rehabilitation methods; a review of quality assurance and quality control measures for trenchless technologies; and current decision-making models and methodologies available to support rehabilitation versus replacement decisions. C1 [Selvakumar, Ariamalar] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Urban Watershe, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Matthews, John C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Condit, Wendy] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Sterling, Ray] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Selvakumar, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Urban Watershe, 2890 Woodbridge Ave,MS-104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM selvakumar.ariamalar@epa.gov OI Sterling, Raymond/0000-0003-0587-9459 FU U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 16 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 EI 1365-2087 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PY 2015 VL 64 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.2166/aqua.2014.103 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CC3XA UT WOS:000350283300001 ER PT J AU Puchalski, MA Rogers, CM Baumgardner, R Mishoe, KP Price, G Smith, MJ Watkins, N Lehmann, CM AF Puchalski, Melissa A. Rogers, Christopher M. Baumgardner, Ralph Mishoe, Kevin P. Price, Garry Smith, Michael J. Watkins, Nealson Lehmann, Christopher M. TI A statistical comparison of active and passive ammonia measurements collected at Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; AMBIENT AMMONIA; DRY DEPOSITION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN; MODEL; NH3; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS AB Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia (NH3) are not well characterized in the United States due to the sparse number of monitors, the relatively short lifetime of NH3 in the atmosphere, and the difficulty in measuring non-point source emissions such as fertilized agricultural land. In this study, we compare measured weekly concentrations of NH3 collected by two denuder systems with a bi-weekly passive NH3 sampler used by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program's (NADP) Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN). The purpose of the study was to verify the passive samplers used by AMoN and characterize any uncertainties introduced when using a bi-weekly versus weekly sampling time period. The study was conducted for 1 year at five remote Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites. Measured ambient NH3 concentrations ranged from 0.03 mu g NH3 m(-3) to 4.64 mu g NH3 m(-3) in upstate New York and northwest Texas, respectively, while dry deposition estimates ranged from 0.003 kg N ha(-1) wk(-1) to 0.47 kg N ha(-1) wk(-1). Results showed that the bi-weekly passive samplers performed well compared to annular denuder systems (ADS) deployed at each of the five CASTNET sites, while the MetOne Super SASS Mini-Parallel Plate Denuder System (MPPD) was biased low when compared to the ADS. The mean relative percent difference (MRPD) between the ADS and MPPD and the ADS and AMoN sampler was -38% and -9%, respectively. Precision of the ADS and MPPD was 5% and 13%, respectively, while the precision of the passive samplers was 5%. The results of this study demonstrate that the NH3 concentrations measured by AMoN are comparable to the ADS and may be used to supplement the high-time resolution measurements to gain information on spatial gradients of NH3, long-term trends and seasonal variations in NH3 concentrations. C1 [Puchalski, Melissa A.] US EPA, Off Air Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rogers, Christopher M.; Mishoe, Kevin P.; Price, Garry; Smith, Michael J.] AMEC Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Newberry, FL 32669 USA. [Baumgardner, Ralph] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Watkins, Nealson] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lehmann, Christopher M.] Illinois State Water Survey, Cent Analyt Lab, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Puchalski, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Programs, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Puchalski.Melissa@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Air Programs [EP-W-09-028]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards [EP-W-09-028]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development under EPA [EP-W-09-028] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Air Programs, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, and Office of Research and Development under EPA contract EP-W-09-028. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 2 BP 358 EP 369 DI 10.1039/c4em00531g PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB5WM UT WOS:000349698500011 PM 25574663 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, S Sobhani, N Miller-Schulze, JP Shafer, MM Schauer, JJ Solomon, PA Saide, PE Spak, SN Cheng, YF van der Gon, HACD Lu, Z Streets, DG Janssens-Maenhout, G Wiedinmyer, C Lantz, J Artamonova, M Chen, B Imashev, S Sverdlik, L Deminter, JT Adhikary, B D'Allura, A Wei, C Carmichael, GR AF Kulkarni, S. Sobhani, N. Miller-Schulze, J. P. Shafer, M. M. Schauer, J. J. Solomon, P. A. Saide, P. E. Spak, S. N. Cheng, Y. F. van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier Lu, Z. Streets, D. G. Janssens-Maenhout, G. Wiedinmyer, C. Lantz, J. Artamonova, M. Chen, B. Imashev, S. Sverdlik, L. Deminter, J. T. Adhikary, B. D'Allura, A. Wei, C. Carmichael, G. R. TI Source sector and region contributions to BC and PM2.5 in Central Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERM CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOL; HUMAN HEALTH; PLUME RISE; EMISSIONS; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; INCLUSION AB Particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations, seasonal cycles, source sector, and source region contributions in Central Asia (CA) are analyzed for the period April 2008-July 2009 using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) chemical transport model and modeled meteorology from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Predicted aerosol optical depth (AOD) values (annual mean value similar to 0.2) in CA vary seasonally, with lowest values in the winter. Surface PM2.5 concentrations (annual mean value similar to 10 mu g m(3)) also exhibit a seasonal cycle, with peak values and largest variability in the spring/summer, and lowest values and variability in the winter (hourly values from 2 to 90 mu g m(3)). Surface concentrations of black carbon (BC) (mean value similar to 0.1 mu g m(-3)) show peak values in the winter. The simulated values are compared to surface measurements of AOD as well as PM2.5, PM10, BC, and organic carbon (OC) mass concentrations at two regional sites in Kyrgyzstan (Lidar Station Teplokluchenka (LST) and Bishkek). The predicted values of AOD and PM mass concentrations and their seasonal cycles are fairly well captured. The carbonaceous aerosols are underpredicted in winter, and analysis suggests that the winter heating emissions are underestimated in the current inventory. Dust, from sources within and outside CA, is a significant component of the PM mass and drives the seasonal cycles of PM and AOD. On an annual basis, the power and industrial sectors are found to be the most important contributors to the anthropogenic portion of PM2.5. Residential combustion and transportation are shown to be the most important sectors for BC. Biomass burning within and outside the region also contributes to elevated PM and BC concentrations. The analysis of the transport pathways and the variations in particulate matter mass and composition in CA demonstrates that this region is strategically located to characterize regional and intercontinental transport of pollutants. Aerosols at these sites are shown to reflect dust, biomass burning, and anthropogenic sources from Europe; South, East, and Central Asia; and Russia depending on the time period. Simulations for a reference 2030 emission scenario based on pollution abatement measures already committed to in current legislation show that PM2.5 and BC concentrations in the region increase, with BC growing more than PM2.5 on a relative basis. This suggests that both the health impacts and the climate warming associated with these particles may increase over the next decades unless additional control measures are taken. The importance of observations in CA to help characterize the changes that are rapidly taking place in the region are discussed. C1 [Kulkarni, S.; Sobhani, N.; Saide, P. E.; Spak, S. N.; Cheng, Y. F.; Adhikary, B.; Wei, C.; Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sobhani, N.; Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Miller-Schulze, J. P.; Shafer, M. M.; Schauer, J. J.; Deminter, J. T.] Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Miller-Schulze, J. P.; Shafer, M. M.; Schauer, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Solomon, P. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Spak, S. N.; Lu, Z.] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier] TNO, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janssens-Maenhout, G.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, IES, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lantz, J.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Artamonova, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 109017, Russia. [Chen, B.; Imashev, S.; Sverdlik, L.] Kyrgyz Russian Slav Univ, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan. [D'Allura, A.] ARIANET, I-20128 Milan, Italy. RP Sobhani, N (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM negin-sobhani@uiowa.edu; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Imashev, Sanjar/I-7667-2016; Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010 OI Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Imashev, Sanjar/0000-0003-3293-3764; Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; International Science & Technology Center (ISTC) [3715]; EPA [RD-83503701-0]; NASA [NNX08AH56G]; NSF [1049140]; NCRR [UL1RR024979]; Fulbright-CONICYT [15093810] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded this study and collaborated in the research described here as a component of the International Science & Technology Center (ISTC) project no. 3715 (Transcontinental Transport of Air Pollution from Central Asia to the US). The University of Iowa activities were also supported in part by the following grants: EPA (RD-83503701-0), NASA (NNX08AH56G), NSF (1049140), NCRR (UL1RR024979), and Fulbright-CONICYT (15093810). The contents of this study are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funding institutions. This manuscript has been subjected to US EPA review and approved for publication. We thank all the PIs and their staff for establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites that have been used in this study. We would also like to acknowledge the Network Center for EANET and the EMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre for the PM10 measurements used in this study. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1683 EP 1705 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1683-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500008 ER PT J AU Almand-Hunter, BB Walker, JT Masson, NP Hafford, L Hannigan, MP AF Almand-Hunter, B. B. Walker, J. T. Masson, N. P. Hafford, L. Hannigan, M. P. TI Development and validation of inexpensive, automated, dynamic flux chambers SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE NO2; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; GAS-EXCHANGE; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; OZONE FLUX; SURFACE; SOIL AB We developed and validated an automated, inexpensive, and continuous multiple-species gas-flux monitoring system that can provide data for a variety of relevant atmospheric pollutants, including O-3, CO2, and NOx. Validation consisted of conducting concurrent gas-phase dry-deposition experiments, using both dynamic flux chambers and an eddy-covariance system, in a grassy clearing in the Duke Forest (Chapel Hill, NC). Experiments were carried out in June and September under a variety of meteorological conditions. Ozone-deposition measurements from the two methods matched very well (4-10% difference in mean flux rate) when the leaf-area index (LAI) inside the chambers was representative of the average LAI in the field. The dynamic flux chambers can be considered an accurate measurement system under these conditions. C1 [Almand-Hunter, B. B.; Masson, N. P.; Hafford, L.; Hannigan, M. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Walker, J. T.] US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Almand-Hunter, BB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM berkeley.almand@colorado.edu FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX We are grateful for the opportunity to do this work, which was funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). We would like to thank Corey Miller for his help building the flux chambers. We would like to thank Peter Hamlington, Nick Clements, Bill Mitchell, and Andrew Turnipseed for helpful discussions. This project would not have been possible without equipment borrowed from Christine Wiedinmyer and John Ortega, at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, as well as Joanna Gordon and Ashley Collier. Ricardo Piedrahita and Nick Masson's sensor work is the basis for the inexpensive sensor portion of this project. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 267 EP 280 DI 10.5194/amt-8-267-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600018 ER PT J AU Perez, CM Hazari, MS Farraj, AK AF Perez, Christina M. Hazari, Mehdi S. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Role of Autonomic Reflex Arcs in Cardiovascular Responses to Air Pollution Exposure SO CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C fibers; RARs; SARs; Baroreceptors; Carotid body; Air pollution ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA; RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CAROTID-BODY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB The body responds to environmental stressors by triggering autonomic reflexes in the pulmonary receptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors to maintain homeostasis. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to various gases and airborne particles can alter the functional outcome of these reflexes, particularly with respect to the cardiovascular system. Modulation of autonomic neural input to the heart and vasculature following direct activation of sensory nerves in the respiratory system, elicitation of oxidative stress and inflammation, or through other mechanisms is one of the primary ways that exposure to air pollution affects normal cardiovascular function. Any homeostatic process that utilizes the autonomic nervous system to regulate organ function might be affected. Thus, air pollution and other inhaled environmental irritants have the potential to alter both local airway function and baro- and chemoreflex responses, which modulate autonomic control of blood pressure and detect concentrations of key gases in the body. While each of these reflex pathways causes distinct responses, the systems are heavily integrated and communicate through overlapping regions of the brainstem to cause global effects. This short review summarizes the function of major pulmonary sensory receptors, baroreceptors, and carotid body chemoreceptors and discusses the impacts of air pollution exposure on these systems. C1 [Perez, Christina M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Perez, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM clamb@email.unc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007126] NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1530-7905 EI 1559-0259 J9 CARDIOVASC TOXICOL JI Cardiovasc. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s12012-014-9272-0 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Toxicology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Toxicology GA CB1UA UT WOS:000349412300008 PM 25123706 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Vaddula, BR Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI The copper-nicotinamide complex: sustainable applications in coupling and cycloaddition reactions SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RECYCLABLE HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; ARYL HALIDES; SUPPORTED COPPER; NICKEL-CATALYST; BOND FORMATION; C-N; POTENT; CHEMISTRY; PALLADIUM; CHITOSAN AB The crystalline copper(II)-nicotinamide complex, synthesized via simple mixing of copper chloride and nicotinamide solution at room temperature, catalyzes the C-S, C-N bond forming and cycloaddition reactions under a variety of sustainable reaction conditions. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, WQMB, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Baig, RBN (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX R. B. Nasir Baig and B. R. Vaddula were supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the EPA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1039/c4gc02047b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB0KQ UT WOS:000349315200067 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Clayton, MJ McArthur, T Serre, SD Mickelsen, L Touati, A AF Wood, Joseph P. Clayton, Mathew J. McArthur, Timothy Serre, Shannon D. Mickelsen, Leroy Touati, Abderrahmane TI Capture of methyl bromide emissions with activated carbon following the fumigation of a small building contaminated with a Bacillus anthracis spore simulant SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION AB A wide-area Bacillus anthracis spore contamination incident will present immense challenges related to decontamination capacity. For this reason, fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr) has been proposed as a potential remediation option. Although a few bench-scale laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate activated carbon for the capture of MeBr, these studies were conducted at conditions replicating commodity fumigation using relatively low MeBr concentrations, temperatures, and/or relative humidity (RH) levels. The more rigorous MeBr fumigation requirements to fully inactivate B. anthracis spores are much more of a challenge for an activated carbon system (ACS) to capture MeBr, and warrant their own investigation. Further, while the aforementioned studies have shown activated carbon to be a possible option for the capture of MeBr in gas streams, these tests were conducted at laboratory bench scale, and thus lack operational perspective and data. Thus, we present for the first time the results of a full-scale study to evaluate an ACS employed for the capture of MeBr at conditions that would be used for decontaminating a building structure contaminated with B. anthracis spores. Airflow rate, temperature, RH, and MeBr levels were measured within the ACS during its operation. Despite the relatively high humidity, temperature, and MeBr levels, the MeBr capture efficiency of the ACS was demonstrated to be more than 99%. The concentration of MeBr exhausted from the structure was reduced from 41,000 to 136 ppmv in 3.5 hr, corresponding to an overall atmospheric emission rate of less than 2 kg. The practical adsorption rate of the ACS was determined to be 4.83 kg MeBr/100 kg carbon. The information and data presented here will facilitate future use of this technology when fumigating with MeBr. C1 [Wood, Joseph P.; Serre, Shannon D.; Mickelsen, Leroy] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Clayton, Mathew J.; McArthur, Timothy; Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MC E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development's National Homeland Security Research Center [EP-C-09-027]; ARCADIS US, Inc. FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development's National Homeland Security Research Center, funded and directed this work through contract EP-C-09-027 with ARCADIS US, Inc. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.980017 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA2KP UT WOS:000348737800004 PM 25947050 ER PT J AU Gocht, T Berggren, E Ahr, HJ Cotgreave, I Cronin, MTD Daston, G Hardy, B Heinzle, E Hescheler, J Knight, DJ Mahony, C Peschanski, M Schwarz, M Thomas, RS Verfaillie, C White, A Whelan, M AF Gocht, Tilman Berggren, Elisabet Ahr, Hans Juergen Cotgreave, Ian Cronin, Mark T. D. Daston, George Hardy, Barry Heinzle, Elmar Hescheler, Juergen Knight, Derek J. Mahony, Catherine Peschanski, Marc Schwarz, Michael Thomas, Russell S. Verfaillie, Catherine White, Andrew Whelan, Maurice TI The SEURAT-1 Approach towards Animal Free Human Safety Assessment SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE alternatives to animal testing; integrated testing strategy; mode-of-action theory; proof-of-concept case studies; safety assessment ID INTEGRATED TESTING STRATEGIES; ALTERNATIVE NONANIMAL METHODS; ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; STRESS-RESPONSE PATHWAYS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; READ-ACROSS; IN-VITRO; TOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; FRAMEWORK AB SEURAT-1 is a European public-private research consortium that is working towards animal-free testing of chemical compounds and the highest level of consumer protection. A research strategy was formulated based on the guiding principle to adopt a toxicological mode-of-action framework to describe how any substance may adversely affect human health. The proof of the initiative will be in demonstrating the applicability of the concepts on which SEURAT-1 is built on three levels: (i) Theoretical prototypes for adverse outcome pathways are formulated based on knowledge already available in the scientific literature on investigating the toxicological modes-of-action leading to adverse outcomes (addressing mainly liver toxicity); (ii) adverse outcome pathway descriptions are used as a guide for the formulation of case studies to further elucidate the theoretical model and to develop integrated testing strategies for the prediction of certain toxicological effects (i.e., those related to the adverse outcome pathway descriptions); (iii) further case studies target the application of knowledge gained within SEURAT-1 in the context of safety assessment. The ultimate goal would be to perform ab initio predictions based on a complete understanding of toxicological mechanisms. In the near-term, it is more realistic that data from innovative testing methods will support read-across arguments. Both scenarios are addressed with case studies for improved safety assessment. A conceptual framework for a rational integrated assessment strategy emerged from designing the case studies and is discussed in the context of international developments focusing on alternative approaches for evaluating chemicals using the new 21st century tools for toxicity testing. C1 [Gocht, Tilman; Schwarz, Michael] Univ Tubingen, Univ Hosp, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Berggren, Elisabet; Whelan, Maurice] IHCP, JRC, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. [Berggren, Elisabet; Whelan, Maurice] EU Reference Lab Alternat Anim Testing EURL ECVAM, Ispra, Italy. [Ahr, Hans Juergen] Bayer AG, Dept Mol & Genet Toxicol, Wuppertal, Germany. [Cotgreave, Ian] Swedish Toxicol Sci, Res Ctr Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden. [Cotgreave, Ian] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Solna, Sweden. [Cronin, Mark T. D.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Daston, George] Procter & Gamble, Product Safety & Regulatory Affairs, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hardy, Barry] Douglas Connect, Zeiningen, Switzerland. [Heinzle, Elmar] Univ Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Hescheler, Juergen] Univ Hosp Cologne, Inst Neurophysiol, Cologne, Germany. [Knight, Derek J.] European Chem Agcy, Helsinki, Finland. [Mahony, Catherine] Procter & Gamble, Cent Product Safety Dept, London, England. [Peschanski, Marc] I STEM AFM, INSERM UEVE 861, Evry, France. [Thomas, Russell S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Verfaillie, Catherine] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdept Stem Cell Inst, Leuven, Belgium. [White, Andrew] Unilever, Safety & Environm Assurance Ctr, Bedford, England. RP Gocht, T (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Univ Hosp, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM tilman.gocht@uni-tuebingen.de OI Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Gocht, Tilma/0000-0002-2491-2050 FU European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) (project acronym "COACH") [267044]; Cosmetics Europe; Open Access Publishing Fund of Tubingen University FX This research work has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 267044 (project acronym "COACH"), and has received financing from Cosmetics Europe. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publishing Fund of Tubingen University. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X EI 1868-8551 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 9 EP 24 PG 16 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA CA5QM UT WOS:000348962900003 PM 25372315 ER PT J AU Leet, JK Sassman, S Amberg, JJ Olmstead, AW Lee, LS Ankley, GT Sepulveda, MS AF Leet, Jessica K. Sassman, Stephen Amberg, Jon J. Olmstead, Allen W. Lee, Linda S. Ankley, Gerald T. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Environmental hormones and their impacts on sex differentiation in fathead minnows SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estrogens; Androgens; Atrazine; Animal feeding operations; Pimephales promelas ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; STEROIDAL ESTROGENS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH AB Runoff from lands fertilized with animal manure from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is a source of hormones to surface water. In this study we tested the hypothesis that larval fathead minnows exposed to sex steroids singly or in a "typical" CAFO mixture during sex differentiation would respond with changes in the expression of a set of target genes, leading to gonadal abnormalities later in life. In the first experiment, a static daily-renewal system was used to expose larvae during the period of 10-20 days post-hatch (dph) to either 5 ng/L 17 beta-trenbolone (17 beta-TRB) or 5 ng/L 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2). In a second experiment, fish were exposed from 0 to 45 dph in a flow-through system to a CAFO mixture composed of steroids and degradates (2-16 ng/L), atrazine and degradates (15-250 ng/L), and nitrate (3-11 mg/L). In the single hormone experiment, expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis (cyp19a, cyp17, and star) was decreased in females. In contrast, no differences in gene expression were observed in fish exposed to the CAFO mixture. However, the majority (84%) of treated males had testes containing an ovarian cavity, indicative of feminization, compared to 0% in the control males. Overall, our results show that: (1) changes in gene expression after single hormone exposures are sex-specific, with females more responsive than males; and (2) phenotypic alterations in testicular development can be elicited by a simulated "CAFO" mixture when fathead minnows are exposed during the first 45 days of development. More research is needed to further discern the complex response of fish to steroid mixtures, especially those associated with runoff from land-applied CAFO waste. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leet, Jessica K.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sassman, Stephen; Lee, Linda S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Olmstead, Allen W.] Bayer Crop Sci, Environm Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jleet@mailbox.sc.edu; sassman@purdue.edu; Islee@purdue.edu; jamberg@usgs.gov; allen.olmstead@bayer.com; ankley.gerald@epa.gov; mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU USEPA STAR [RD833417]; assistantship from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University FX Funding was provided by USEPA STAR (RD833417). The lead author (JKL) was supported by an assistantship from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University. We thank Bob Rode for his help in various aspects of these studies. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 158 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.022 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CA4PZ UT WOS:000348888400011 PM 25671225 ER PT J AU Aluru, N Karchner, SI Franks, DG Nacci, D Champlin, D Hahn, ME AF Aluru, Neelakanteswar Karchner, Sibel I. Franks, Diana G. Nacci, Diane Champlin, Denise Hahn, Mark E. TI Targeted mutagenesis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2a and 2b genes in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Non-model organisms; Gene knock-outs; Mummichog; Adaptation; Zinc finger nucleases; CRISPR-Cas9 ID ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; TAL EFFECTOR NUCLEASES; XENOPUS-TROPICALIS; IN-VIVO; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; CIONA-INTESTINALIS; EFFICIENT; GENOME; DISRUPTION; ZEBRAFISH AB Understanding molecular mechanisms of toxicity is facilitated by experimental manipulations, such as disruption of function by gene targeting, that are especially challenging in non-standard model species with limited genomic resources. While loss-of-function approaches have included gene knock-down using morpholino-modified oligonucleotides and random mutagenesis using mutagens or retroviruses, more recent approaches include targeted mutagenesis using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology. These latter methods provide more accessible opportunities to explore gene function in non-traditional model species. To facilitate evaluation of toxic mechanisms for important categories of aryl hydrocarbon pollutants, whose actions are known to be receptor mediated, we used ZFN and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches to generate aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2a (AHR2a) and AHR2b gene mutations in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos. This killifish is a particularly valuable non-traditional model, with multiple paralogs of AHR whose functions are not well characterized. In addition, some populations of this species have evolved resistance to toxicants such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. AHR-null killifish will be valuable for characterizing the role of the individual AHR paralogs in evolved resistance, as well as in normal development. We first used five-finger ZFNs targeting exons 1 and 3 of AHR2a. Subsequently, CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs were designed to target regions in exon 2 and 3 of AHR2a and AHR2b. We successfully induced frameshift mutations in AHR2a exon 3 with ZFN and CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs, with mutation frequencies of 10% and 16%, respectively. In AHR2b, mutations were induced using CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs targeting sites in both exon 2 (17%) and exon 3 (63%). We screened AHR2b exon 2 CRISPR-Cas9-injected embryos for off-target effects in AHR paralogs. No mutations were observed in closely related AHR genes (AHR1a, AHR1b,AHR2a, AHRR) in the CRISPR-Cas9-injected embryos. Overall, our results demonstrate that targeted genome-editing methods are efficient in inducing mutations at specific loci in embryos of a non-traditional model species, without detectable off-target effects in paralogous genes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aluru, Neelakanteswar; Karchner, Sibel I.; Franks, Diana G.; Hahn, Mark E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aluru, Neelakanteswar; Karchner, Sibel I.; Franks, Diana G.; Hahn, Mark E.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Superfund Res Program, Boston, MA USA. [Nacci, Diane; Champlin, Denise] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Aluru, N (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Redfield Bldg,MS 32,45 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nalurn@whoi.edu OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (Superfund Research Program at Boston University) [P42ES007381]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Innovative Research; National Science Foundation [DEB-1120512, DEB-1265282, DEB-1120013, DEB-1120263, DEB-1120333, DEB-1120398] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant P42ES007381 (Superfund Research Program at Boston University) and by an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Innovative Research to MEH. Design of guide RNAs and primers was aided by reference to a preliminary draft of the F. heteroclitus genome sequence, which was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation (collaborative research grants DEB-1120512, DEB-1265282, DEB-1120013, DEB-1120263, DEB-1120333, DEB-1120398). We also acknowledge the help provided by Ms. Kathryn Crawford in fish collection and embryo rearing. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 158 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.016 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CA4PZ UT WOS:000348888400021 PM 25481785 ER PT J AU Kwok, RHF Baker, KR Napelenok, SL Tonnesen, GS AF Kwok, R. H. F. Baker, K. R. Napelenok, S. L. Tonnesen, G. S. TI Photochemical grid model implementation and application of VOC, NOx, and O-3 source apportionment SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RADICAL PROPAGATION EFFICIENCY; SURFACE OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; EMISSION INVENTORY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; NORTH-AMERICA; SENSITIVITY AB For the purposes of developing optimal emissions control strategies, efficient approaches are needed to identify the major sources or groups of sources that contribute to elevated ozone (O-3) concentrations. Source-based apportionment techniques implemented in photochemical grid models track sources through the physical and chemical processes important to the formation and transport of air pollutants. Photochemical model source apportionment has been used to track source impacts of specific sources, groups of sources (sectors), sources in specific geographic areas, and stratospheric and lateral boundary inflow on O-3. The implementation and application of a source apportionment technique for O-3 and its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model are described here. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) O-3 approach is a hybrid of source apportionment and source sensitivity in that O-3 production is attributed to precursor sources based on O-3 formation regime (e.g., for a NOx-sensitive regime, O-3 is apportioned to participating NOx emissions). This implementation is illustrated by tracking multiple emissions source sectors and lateral boundary inflow. NOx, VOC, and O-3 attribution to tracked sectors in the application are consistent with spatial and temporal patterns of precursor emissions. The O-3 ISAM implementation is further evaluated through comparisons of apportioned ambient concentrations and deposition amounts with those derived from brute force zero-out scenarios, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.58 and 0.99 depending on specific combination of target species and tracked precursor emissions. Low correlation coefficients occur for chemical regimes that have strong nonlinearity in O-3 sensitivity, which demonstrates different functionalities between source apportionment and zero-out approaches, where appropriate use depends on whether source attribution or source sensitivity is desired. C1 [Kwok, R. H. F.; Baker, K. R.; Napelenok, S. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tonnesen, G. S.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-99-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA5WK UT WOS:000348978400007 ER PT J AU Zhao, B Wang, SX Xing, J Fu, K Fu, JS Jang, C Zhu, Y Dong, XY Gao, Y Wu, WJ Wang, JD Hao, JM AF Zhao, B. Wang, S. X. Xing, J. Fu, K. Fu, J. S. Jang, C. Zhu, Y. Dong, X. Y. Gao, Y. Wu, W. J. Wang, J. D. Hao, J. M. TI Assessing the nonlinear response of fine particles to precursor emissions: development and application of an extended response surface modeling technique v1.0 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS; INORGANIC AEROSOLS; CONTROL STRATEGIES; OZONE CONTROL; HIGH-ORDER; CHINA; POLLUTION AB An innovative extended response surface modeling technique (ERSM v1.0) is developed to characterize the nonlinear response of fine particles (PM2.5) to large and simultaneous changes of multiple precursor emissions from multiple regions and sectors. The ERSM technique is developed based on the conventional response surface modeling (RSM) technique; it first quantifies the relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and the emissions of gaseous precursors from each single region using the conventional RSM technique, and then assesses the effects of inter-regional transport of PM2.5 and its gaseous precursors on PM2.5 concentrations in the target region. We apply this novel technique with a widely used regional chemical transport model (CTM) over the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region of China, and evaluate the response of PM2.5 and its inorganic components to the emissions of 36 pollutant-region-sector combinations. The predicted PM2.5 concentrations agree well with independent CTM simulations; the correlation coefficients are larger than 0.98 and 0.99, and the mean normalized errors (MNEs) are less than 1 and 2% for January and August, respectively. It is also demonstrated that the ERSM technique could reproduce fairly well the response of PM2.5 to continuous changes of precursor emission levels between zero and 150 %. Employing this new technique, we identify the major sources contributing to PM2.5 and its inorganic components in the YRD region. The nonlinearity in the response of PM2.5 to emission changes is characterized and the underlying chemical processes are illustrated. C1 [Zhao, B.; Wang, S. X.; Fu, K.; Wu, W. J.; Wang, J. D.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. X.; Hao, J. M.] State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Xing, J.; Jang, C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fu, J. S.; Dong, X. Y.; Gao, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhu, Y.] S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Gao, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, SX (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011 OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21221004]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XBD05020300]; MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares [201409002, 201309009]; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality of Tsinghua University FX This work was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21221004), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBD05020300), and MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares (201409002, 201309009). The authors also appreciate the support from Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality of Tsinghua University. Our work was completed on the Explorer 100 cluster system of Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-115-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA5WK UT WOS:000348978400008 ER PT J AU Fischer, BM Voynow, JA Ghio, AJ AF Fischer, Bernard M. Voynow, Judith A. Ghio, Andrew J. TI COPD: balancing oxidants and antioxidants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Review DE cigarette smoking; mucins; gene regulation; Chinese herbs; acupuncture; dietary antioxidants ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS; EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; SMALL-AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; GOBLET CELL METAPLASIA; RETINOL EFFICACY TRIAL; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AB Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. The disease encompasses emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and small airway obstruction and can be caused by environmental exposures, primarily cigarette smoking. Since only a small subset of smokers develop COPD, it is believed that host factors interact with the environment to increase the propensity to develop disease. The major pathogenic factors causing disease include infection and inflammation, protease and antiprotease imbalance, and oxidative stress overwhelming antioxidant defenses. In this review, we will discuss the major environmental and host sources for oxidative stress; discuss how oxidative stress regulates chronic bronchitis; review the latest information on genetic predisposition to COPD, specifically focusing on oxidant/antioxidant imbalance; and review future antioxidant therapeutic options for COPD. The complexity of COPD will necessitate a multi-target therapeutic approach. It is likely that antioxidant supplementation and dietary antioxidants will have a place in these future combination therapies. C1 [Fischer, Bernard M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Voynow, Judith A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Childrens Hosp Richmond, Dept Pediat, Richmond, VA USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Fischer, BM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Box 103201, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM bernie.fischer@duke.edu NR 169 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-2005 J9 INT J CHRONIC OBSTR JI Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PY 2015 VL 10 DI 10.2147/COPD.S42414 PG 16 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CA2JN UT WOS:000348734800001 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Lao, YW Jang, C Lin, CJ Xing, J Wang, SX Fu, JS Deng, S Xie, JP Long, SC AF Zhu, Yun Lao, Yanwen Jang, Carey Lin, Chen-Jen Xing, Jia Wang, Shuxiao Fu, Joshua S. Deng, Shuang Xie, Junping Long, Shicheng TI Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Policy making; Response surface modeling; Emission control scenarios; Data visualization ID CHINA; SYSTEM; MODEL; IMPACT AB This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias <2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time. (C) 2014 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhu, Yun; Lin, Chen-Jen] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, Coll Environm & Energy, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Atmospher Environm & Pollu, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yun; Xing, Jia; Wang, Shuxiao] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Lao, Yanwen; Xie, Junping; Long, Shicheng] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, Coll Environm & Energy, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jang, Carey] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lin, Chen-Jen] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Deng, Shuang] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, Y (reprint author), S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, Coll Environm & Energy, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Atmospher Environm & Pollu, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zhuyun@scut.edu.cn RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013 OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [GS-10F-0205T]; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control [h2xjD612004III]; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex [SCAPC201308]; project of Atmospheric Haze Collaboration Control Technology Design from Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05030400] FX Financial and data support for this work is provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (No. GS-10F-0205T). This work is also partly supported by the funding of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (No. h2xjD612004III), the funding of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex (No. SCAPC201308), and the project of Atmospheric Haze Collaboration Control Technology Design (No. XDB05030400) from Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 27 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.016 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA3SC UT WOS:000348825400012 PM 25597667 ER PT J AU Tatum-Gibbs, KR Mckee, JM Higuchi, M Bushnell, PJ AF Tatum-Gibbs, K. R. Mckee, J. M. Higuchi, M. Bushnell, P. J. TI Effects of toluene, acrolein and vinyl chloride on motor activity of Drosophila melanogaster SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxicity screening; Volatile organic compounds; Fruit fly; Sex difference; Narcosis ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; GENETIC REFERENCE PANEL; ODOR-GUIDED BEHAVIOR; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; NATURAL VARIATION; OLFACTORY BEHAVIOR; ARCHITECTURE; COMMUNICATION; INHALATION AB The data generated by current high-throughput assays for chemical toxicity require information to link effects at molecular targets to adverse outcomes in whole animals. In addition, more efficient methods for testing volatile chemicals are needed. Here we begin to address these issues by determining the utility of measuring behavioral responses of Drosophila melanogaster to airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a potential model system for discovering adverse outcome pathways and as a method to test for toxicity. In these experiments, we measured motor activity in male and female flies to determine concentration-effect functions for three VOCs that differ in their mode of action: toluene, a narcotic; acrolein, an irritant; and vinyl chloride, a hepatocarcinogen. These experiments were conducted in Flyland, an outbred population of flies derived from 40 lines of the Drosophila Genetics Reference Panel (DGRP) (Mackay et al., 2012), in preparation for subsequent experiments with individual lines of the DGRP. Systematic, concentration-related changes in activity were observed with toluene, but not with acrolein; high concentrations of vinyl chloride reduced activity by a small amount. Despite higher activity levels in males than in females under control conditions, the sexes were equally sensitive to toluene. Transient increases in activity at the onset and offset of exposure to toluene and vinyl chloride suggested that the flies detected changes in air quality at concentrations that did not persistently suppress activity. The effects and potency of toluene are consistent with those observed in rodents. The lack of clear concentration-related changes in response to acrolein and vinyl chloride shows limitations of this method is for screening toxicity attributed to VOCs. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tatum-Gibbs, K. R.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mckee, J. M.; Higuchi, M.; Bushnell, P. J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Bushnell.philip@epa.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 47 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.11.008 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA CA5NL UT WOS:000348955000013 PM 25445728 ER PT J AU Morgan, M Jones, P Sobus, J AF Morgan, Marsha Jones, Paul Sobus, Jon TI Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; urine; children; determinants; phenol; home; daycare center ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; INDOOR AIR; DAY-CARE; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PESTICIDES; DUST; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION; RESIDUES; DIAZINON AB Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. No published data exist on the temporal variability or important predictors of urinary PCP concentrations in young children. In this further analysis of study data, we have examined the associations between selected sociodemographic or lifestyle factors and urinary PCP concentrations in 115 preschool children over a 48-h period and assessed the 48-hour variability of urinary PCP levels in a subset of 15 children. Monitoring was performed at 115 homes and 16 daycares in Ohio (USA) in 2001. Questionnaires/diaries and spot urine samples were collected from each child. The median urinary PCP level was 0.8 ng/mL (range < 0.2-23.8 ng/mL). The intraclass correlation coefficient for urinary PCP was 0.42, which indicates fairly low reliability for a single sample over a 48-h period. In a multiple regression model, age of home and ln(creatinine levels) were significant predictors and sampling season, time spent outside, and pet ownership were marginally significant predictors of ln(urinary PCP levels), collectively explaining 29% of the variability of PCP in urine. To adequately assess short-term exposures of children to PCP, several spot urine measurements are likely needed as well as information regarding residence age, seasonality, time spent outdoors, and pet ownership. C1 [Morgan, Marsha; Jones, Paul; Sobus, Jon] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Morgan, M (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov; jones.paul-a@epa.gov; sobus.jon@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [68-D-99-011] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract #68-D-99-011 to Battelle. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 800 EP 815 DI 10.3390/ijerph120100800 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AZ7MP UT WOS:000348403300047 PM 25594782 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, J. E., II Shadwick, D. S. TI Air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern US: 20 years of change SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS-NETWORK; PARTICULATE SULFATE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MULTILAYER MODEL; AEROSOL NITRATE; SULFUR; EMISSIONS; FORESTS AB Data collected in the eastern US between 1990 and 2009 at 34 paired dry and wet monitoring sites are examined. A goal is to evaluate the air quality impacts occurring between 1990 and 2009 that are associated with concurrent legislatively mandated changes in emissions. Four 5-year periods, 1990-1994 (P1), 1995-1999 (P2), 2000-2004 (P3), and 2005-2009 (P4) are considered, with a primary focus on P1-to-P4 changes. Results suggest that legislatively mandated air pollution mitigation strategies have been successful in improving air quality and reducing atmospheric deposition in the eastern US. Respective P1-to-P4 reductions of estimated sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in the eastern US are 50 and 42 %. Corresponding behavior of the following metrics associated with these emissions reductions is examined: monitored atmospheric concentrations of SO2, aerosol sulfate (SO4), and oxidized sulfur (S); dry, wet, and total deposition of S; monitored atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3), aerosol nitrate (NO3), and their sum, oxidized nitrogen (OxN); dry, wet, and total deposition of OxN; monitored atmospheric concentration of aerosol ammonium (NH4); dry, wet, and total deposition of NH4; summed monitored atmospheric concentration of oxidized and reduced nitrogen (N); dry, wet, and total deposition of N; wet deposition of hydrogen ion (H+); monitored atmospheric concentration of ozone (O-3); dry deposition of O-3; and the summed monitored atmospheric concentration of aerosol NO3, SO4, and NH4 (Clean Air Status and Trends Network particulate matter - CASTNET PM). Other metrics (e.g., ratios of dry to total deposition) are also considered. Selected period-to-period changes of air quality and deposition metrics at site, regional, and seasonal scales are discussed. As an example, despite P1-to-P3 reductions in estimated emissions of both SO2 and NOx, aerosol NO3 concentration increased in the east, with widespread wintertime numerical increases in both aerosol NO3 concentration and CASTNET PM. However, a reversal of this behavior is associated with continuing P3-to-P4 reductions of SO2 and NOx emissions. Thus, additional P3-to-P4 reductions of these emissions, especially NOx, appear to have made progress in altering the chemical regime of the wintertime eastern US atmosphere so that future emissions reductions and their resulting reductions in aerosol concentrations may no longer be accompanied by sub-linear changes (or actual increases) in CASTNET PM. C1 [Sickles, J. E., II] US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shadwick, D. S.] Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sickles.joseph@epa.gov FU US EPA through its Office of Research and Development [GS-35F-4381G, BPA0775, 1521, TDD 2-5] FX The US EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and partially performed the research described here under contract GS-35F-4381G, BPA0775, Task Order 1521, TDD 2-5, to CSC Corporation. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 173 EP 197 DI 10.5194/acp-15-173-2015 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200011 ER PT J AU Bal-Price, A Crofton, KM Sachana, M Shafer, TJ Behl, M Forsby, A Hargreaves, A Landesmann, B Lein, PJ Louisse, J Monnet-Tschudi, F Paini, A Rolaki, A Schrattenholz, A Sunol, C van Thriel, C Whelan, M Fritsche, E AF Bal-Price, Anna Crofton, Kevin M. Sachana, Magdalini Shafer, Timothy J. Behl, Mamta Forsby, Anna Hargreaves, Alan Landesmann, Brigitte Lein, Pamela J. Louisse, Jochem Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne Paini, Alicia Rolaki, Alexandra Schrattenholz, Andre Sunol, Cristina van Thriel, Christoph Whelan, Maurice Fritsche, Ellen TI Putative adverse outcome pathways relevant to neurotoxicity SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE adverse outcome pathway; in vitro testing; key events; molecular initiating event; pathways of neurotoxicity; predictive toxicology ID POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR BINDING; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MATURE HIPPOCAMPUS; PROGENITOR CELLS; ANIMAL-MODELS AB The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework provides a template that facilitates understanding of complex biological systems and the pathways of toxicity that result in adverse outcomes (AOs). The AOP starts with an molecular initiating event (MIE) in which a chemical interacts with a biological target(s), followed by a sequential series of KEs, which are cellular, anatomical, and/or functional changes in biological processes, that ultimately result in an AO manifest in individual organisms and populations. It has been developed as a tool for a knowledge-based safety assessment that relies on understanding mechanisms of toxicity, rather than simply observing its adverse outcome. A large number of cellular and molecular processes are known to be crucial to proper development and function of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). However, there are relatively few examples of well-documented pathways that include causally linked MIEs and KEs that result in adverse outcomes in the CNS or PNS. As a first step in applying the AOP framework to adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to exogenous neurotoxic substances, the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM) organized a workshop (March 2013, Ispra, Italy) to identify potential AOPs relevant to neurotoxic and developmental neurotoxic outcomes. Although the AOPs outlined during the workshop are not fully described, they could serve as a basis for further, more detailed AOP development and evaluation that could be useful to support human health risk assessment in a variety of ways. C1 [Bal-Price, Anna; Sachana, Magdalini; Landesmann, Brigitte; Louisse, Jochem; Paini, Alicia; Rolaki, Alexandra; Whelan, Maurice] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Ispra, Italy. [Crofton, Kevin M.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Behl, Mamta] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Forsby, Anna] Stockholm Univ, Arrhenius Labs NaturalSci, Dept Neurochem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Forsby, Anna] Swedish Toxicol Sci Res Ctr, Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden. [Hargreaves, Alan] Nottingham Trent Univ, Nottingham, England. [Lein, Pamela J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne] Univ Lausanne, Dept Physiol, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne] Univ Lausanne, SCAHT, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schrattenholz, Andre] ProteoSys AG, Mainz, Germany. [Sunol, Cristina] CIBERESP, IDIBAPS, IIBB CSIC, Inst Invest Biomed Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [van Thriel, Christoph] IfADo Leibniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Fa, Dortmund, Germany. [Fritsche, Ellen] IUF Leibniz Res Inst Environm Med, Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Bal-Price, A (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Syst Toxicol Unit,EURL ECVAM, TP 580,Via Fermi 1, I-21026 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM anna.price@jrc.ec.europa RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Forsby, Anna/0000-0001-6298-201X; Cristina, Sunol/0000-0001-9367-8483; Hargreaves, Alan/0000-0001-9754-5477 FU European Commission FX The employment affiliation of the authors is shown on the cover page. The authors have sole responsibility for the writing and content of this paper. The contributing authors were participants of the workshop organized by the EURL ECVAM. The external workshop participants were invited on the basis of a survey performed by EURL ECVAM neurotoxicity experts of the latest literature to identify those with specific expertise in the relevant research fields. The workshop organization was financially supported by the European Commission, including the cost of travelling and per diem of all invited external experts. The strategy for preparing the report, the literature selected for review, the conclusions drawn and the recommendations made are exclusively the collective scientific output of the workshop participants and do not necessarily represent the views of the participants' employers. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.3109/10408444.2014.981331 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AZ4NN UT WOS:000348199100005 PM 25605028 ER PT J AU Nixon, SW Oczkowski, AJ Pilson, MEQ Fields, L Oviatt, CA Hunt, CW AF Nixon, Scott W. Oczkowski, Autumn J. Pilson, Michael E. Q. Fields, Lindsey Oviatt, Candace A. Hunt, Christopher W. TI On the Response of pH to Inorganic Nutrient Enrichment in Well-Mixed Coastal Marine Waters SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Coastal acidification; pH; Nutrient enrichment; Eutrophication; Mesocosms; Narragansett Bay ID ORGANIC-CARBON BALANCE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; NARRAGANSETT BAY; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; CO2; SALINITY; GROWTH; ESTUARINE AB Recent concerns about declining pH in the surface ocean in response to anthropogenic increases of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have raised the question of how this declining baseline of oceanic pH might interact with the much larger diel and seasonal variations of pH in coastal marine ecosystems. Nutrient enrichment, which can amplify both production and respiration, has the potential to reduce or exacerbate the impacts of ocean acidification in coastal waters. Here, we present results from a multi-year experiment in which replicate phytoplankton-based mesocosms with a 5-m deep well-mixed water column (salinity = 27-31) and intact benthic community were exposed to a gradient in daily inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and silica (Si) addition. We show that the response of water column pH to nutrient enrichment was the greatest during the autotrophic winter-spring period, and there was no significant decline in pH across treatments during the heterotrophic summer-fall period. We believe that the differences in response lie in the seasonal cycles of production and respiration, where spring production peaks are large and discrete, and respiration is more temperature-driven but occurs diffusely throughout the year. The observed basification associated with enhanced nutrient inputs may have consequences for phytoplankton community structure, some species of submersed aquatic vegetation, cycling of Si, and perhaps other ecological processes. C1 [Nixon, Scott W.; Pilson, Michael E. Q.; Fields, Lindsey; Oviatt, Candace A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Oczkowski, Autumn J.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hunt, Christopher W.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Oczkowski, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM oczkowski.autumn@epa.gov OI Hunt, Christopher/0000-0001-8061-4560 FU Environmental Protection Agency Centers Program [807795-02, 810265-01]; NSF [12010, OCE851447]; US Environmental Protection Agency FX The observations described in this manuscript were discovered by S. Nixon. He began writing the text of the manuscript and, after his untimely death, his coauthors completed the manuscript and published it posthumously in his honor. We would like to thank the scientists and technicians who worked on the MERL mesocosm experiments, and upon whose careful measurements, this manuscript is based. We are grateful to Alana Hanson for some statistical support. The MERL nutrient addition experiment was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency Centers Program, Cooperative Agreements 807795-02 and 810265-01. Support for this work was also partially provided by the NSF Awards 12010 and OCE851447. This is ORD tracking number ORD-003895 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9805-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY6MM UT WOS:000347680300019 ER PT J AU Russell, M Greening, H AF Russell, Marc Greening, Holly TI Estimating Benefits in a Recovering Estuary: Tampa Bay, Florida SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem goods; Tampa Bay; Estuarine valuation; Habitat restoration; Water quality ID MANGROVE SEDIMENTS; INORGANIC NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; WATER-QUALITY; DENITRIFICATION; SEAGRASS; EUTROPHICATION; FLUXES; CARBON; REDUCTIONS AB Restoration and preservation of riparian forests and coastal marshes provides nutrient removal and other biochemical and physical functions which may preclude, reduce, or delay the need for additional water treatment, while also protecting human health. We examined the ecosystem goods and related potential cost savings for the Tampa Bay community from seagrass expansion (more than 3,100 ha since 1990), coastal marsh, and mangrove restoration/recovery (more than 600 ha since 1990), and habitat that has been maintained or preserved. Habitats in and around Tampa Bay provide nutrient reductions equivalent to just over US$22 million per year in avoided wastewater treatment plant costs. Future accrual of value associated with maintaining the ecosystem good of usable clean water could rapidly increase to as high as similar to US$ 3 billion per year, when one takes into account the additional costs of water treatment and storm water diversion infrastructure that is likely as the region's population continues to grow. There is additional value accrual close to a quarter million dollars per year based on avoided social costs to the global community due to greenhouse gases sequestered by bay habitats. Most human beneficiaries associated with the maintenance of usable clean water in Tampa Bay are part of the surrounding regional community. The large current and future cost savings for the community surrounding Tampa Bay and additional benefits for the global community speak to the value of maintaining a healthy bay through past and continued restoration and preservation efforts. C1 [Russell, Marc] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. [Greening, Holly] Tampa Bay Estuary Program, Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Russell, M (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. EM Russell.Marc@epamail.epa.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S9 EP S18 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9662-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700002 ER PT J AU Teisl, MF McCoy, S Marrinan, S Noblet, CL Johnson, T Wibberly, M Roper, R Klein, S AF Teisl, Mario F. McCoy, Shannon Marrinan, Sarah Noblet, Caroline L. Johnson, Teresa Wibberly, Megan Roper, Robert Klein, Sharon TI Will Offshore Energy Face "Fair Winds and Following Seas"?: Understanding the Factors Influencing Offshore Wind Acceptance SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Offshore wind power; Public acceptance ID PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE; POWER PROJECTS; ATTITUDES; TURBINES; FARMS AB Most offshore energy studies have focused on measuring or explaining people's perceptions of, and reactions to, specific installations. However, there are two different types of acceptance: one surrounds the siting of projects while the other surrounds a more general acceptance of offshore energy. Understanding what drives this second type of acceptance is important as governments have implemented new financial incentives and policies to support renewable energy development; however, citizens and government officials may be increasingly opposed to some of these support mechanisms. Our paper fills a void in the literature by using regression approaches to better understand how people's evaluations of the benefits and costs of offshore wind impact their level of general acceptance for offshore wind, while controlling for other factors (e.g., demographics). This analysis should help policy makers, and individuals attempting to educate the general public about renewable energy, to better understand the important factors influencing people's support or opposition to offshore wind energy initiatives. C1 [Teisl, Mario F.; Noblet, Caroline L.; Klein, Sharon] Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [McCoy, Shannon] Univ Maine, Dept Psychol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Marrinan, Sarah] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Johnson, Teresa] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Wibberly, Megan] Isl Inst, Rockland, ME 04841 USA. [Roper, Robert] Univ Maine Augusta, Business Adm, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Teisl, MF (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM teisl@maine.edu OI teisl, mario/0000-0002-2021-9208 FU Maine Sustainability Solutions Initiative; National Science Foundation [EPS-0904155]; Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station FX Funding was provided by the Maine Sustainability Solutions Initiative, the National Science Foundation Grant EPS-0904155 to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine, and the Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S279 EP S286 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9777-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700023 ER PT J AU Yoskowitz, D Russell, M AF Yoskowitz, David Russell, Marc TI Human Dimensions of Our Estuaries and Coasts SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE C1 [Yoskowitz, David] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Russell, Marc] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Yoskowitz, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM david.yoskowitz@tamucc.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S1 EP S8 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9926-y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700001 ER PT J AU Briskin, J AF Briskin, Jeanne TI Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas on Drinking Water Resources SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Water, Engn & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Briskin, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Engn & Anal Div, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Briskin.Jeanne@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1EA UT WOS:000347981800006 PM 25713827 ER PT J AU Brown, JS AF Brown, James S. TI Nitrogen dioxide exposure and airway responsiveness in individuals with asthma SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; airway responsiveness; asthma; nitrogen dioxide ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; INHALED ALLERGEN; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; AMBIENT LEVEL; PROVOKED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; DEEP INSPIRATION; CASE-CROSSOVER; METHACHOLINE AB Controlled human exposure studies evaluating the effect of inhaled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the inherent responsiveness of the airways to challenge by broncho-constricting agents have had mixed results. In general, existing meta-analyses show statistically significant effects of NO2 on the airway responsiveness of individuals with asthma. However, no meta-analysis has provided a comprehensive assessment of the clinical relevance of changes in airway responsiveness, the potential for methodological biases in the original papers, and the distribution of responses. This paper provides analyses showing that a statistically significant fraction (i.e. 70% of individuals with asthma exposed to NO2 at rest) experience increases in airway responsiveness following 30-min exposures to NO2 in the range of 200 to 300 ppb and following 60-min exposures to 100 ppb. The distribution of changes in airway responsiveness is log-normally distributed with a median change of 0.75 (provocative dose following NO2 divided by provocative dose following filtered air exposure) and geometric standard deviation of 1.88. About a quarter of the exposed individuals experience a clinically relevant reduction in their provocative dose due to NO2 relative to air exposure. The fraction experiencing an increase in responsiveness was statistically significant and robust to exclusion of individual studies. Results showed minimal change in airway responsiveness for individuals exposed to NO2 during exercise. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Brown.James@epa.gov NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3109/08958378.2014.979960 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AZ3QN UT WOS:000348141900001 PM 25431034 ER PT J AU Perez, CM Hazari, MS Ledbetter, AD Haykal-Coates, N Carll, AP Cascio, WE Winsett, DW Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Perez, Christina M. Hazari, Mehdi S. Ledbetter, Allen D. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Carll, Alex P. Cascio, Wayne E. Winsett, Darrell W. Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Acrolein inhalation alters arterial blood gases and triggers carotid body-mediated cardiovascular responses in hypertensive rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acrolein; blood pressure; carotid body; pO(2); spontaneously hypertensive rat ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; AIR-POLLUTION; OXYGEN-SATURATION; EXPOSURE; SMOKE; HYPOXIA; STRESS; BODIES AB Context: Air pollution exposure affects autonomic function, heart rate, blood pressure and left ventricular function. While the mechanism for these effects is uncertain, several studies have reported that air pollution exposure modifies activity of the carotid body, the major organ that senses changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and elicits downstream changes in autonomic control and cardiac function. Objective: We hypothesized that exposure to acrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde and mucosal irritant found in cigarette smoke and diesel exhaust, would activate the carotid body chemoreceptor response and lead to secondary cardiovascular responses in rats. Materials and methods: Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were exposed once for 3 h to 3 ppm acrolein gas or filtered air in whole body plethysmograph chambers. To determine if the carotid body mediated acrolein-induced cardiovascular responses, rats were pretreated with an inhibitor of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme essential for carotid body signal transduction. Results: Acrolein exposure induced several cardiovascular effects. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure increased during exposure, while cardiac contractility decreased 1 day after exposure. The cardiovascular effects were associated with decreases in pO(2), breathing frequency and expiratory time, and increases in sympathetic tone during exposure followed by parasympathetic dominance after exposure. The CSE inhibitor prevented the cardiovascular effects of acrolein exposure. Discussion and conclusion: Pretreatment with the CSE inhibitor prevented the cardiovascular effects of acrolein, suggesting that the cardiovascular responses with acrolein may be mediated by carotid body-triggered changes in autonomic tone. (This abstract does not reflect EPA policy.) C1 [Perez, Christina M.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Cascio, Wayne E.; Winsett, Darrell W.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Haykal-Coates, Najwa] US EPA, Biostatt & Bioinformat Res Core Unit, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carll, Alex P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Perez, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM clamb@email.unc.edu OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070 FU EPA/UNC Toxicology Training Agreement [CR-83515201-0] FX This work was supported by the EPA/UNC Toxicology Training Agreement [CR-83515201-0 to C.M.P. and A.P.C.]. The funding sources had no involvement in this work, and all authors report no declaration of interest. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.3109/08958378.2014.984881 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AZ3QN UT WOS:000348141900004 PM 25600140 ER PT J AU Ge, Y Bruno, M Wallace, K Leavitt, S Andrews, D Spassova, MA Xi, MY Roy, A Haykal-Coates, N Lefew, W Swank, A Winnik, WM Chen, C Woodard, J Farraj, A Teichman, KY Ross, JA AF Ge, Yue Bruno, Maribel Wallace, Kathleen Leavitt, Sharon Andrews, Debora Spassova, Maria A. Xi, Mingyu Roy, Anindya Haykal-Coates, Najwa Lefew, William Swank, Adam Winnik, Witold M. Chen, Chao Woodard, Jonne Farraj, Aimen Teichman, Kevin Y. Ross, Jeffrey A. TI Systematic Proteomic Approach to Characterize the Impacts of Chemical Interactions on Protein and Cytotoxicity Responses to Metal Mixture Exposures SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chemical interactions; dose response; mixture toxicity; chemical mixtures; risk assessment; proteomics; cytotoxicity; metals; systems biology ID TOXICITY; CELLS; NICKEL AB Chemical interactions have posed a big challenge in toxicity characterization and human health risk assessment of environmental mixtures. To characterize the impacts of chemical interactions on protein and cytotoxicity responses to environmental mixtures, we established a systems biology approach integrating proteomics, bioinformatics, statistics, and computational toxicology to measure expression or phosphorylation levels of 21 critical toxicity pathway regulators and 445 downstream proteins in human BEAS-2B cells treated with 4 concentrations of nickel, 2 concentrations each of cadmium and chromium, as well as 12 defined binary and 8 defined ternary mixtures of these metals in vitro. Multivariate statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of the metal-mediated proteomic response patterns showed a high correlation between changes in protein expression or phosphorylation and cellular toxic responses to both individual metals and metal mixtures. Of the identified correlated proteins, only a small set of proteins including HIF-1 alpha is likely to be responsible for selective cytotoxic responses to different metals and metals mixtures. Furthermore, support vector machine learning was utilized to computationally predict protein responses to uncharacterized metal mixtures using experimentally generated protein response profiles corresponding to known metal mixtures. This study provides a novel proteomic approach for characterization and prediction of toxicities of metal and other chemical mixtures. C1 [Ge, Yue; Bruno, Maribel; Wallace, Kathleen; Leavitt, Sharon; Andrews, Debora; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Lefew, William; Swank, Adam; Winnik, Witold M.; Woodard, Jonne; Farraj, Aimen; Ross, Jeffrey A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Spassova, Maria A.; Chen, Chao] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Teichman, Kevin Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Xi, Mingyu; Roy, Anindya] Univ Maryland, Dept Stat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ge, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ge.yue@epa.gov OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 FU Pathfinder Innovation Project (PIP) from Office of Research and Development ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was supported by the Pathfinder Innovation Project (PIP) from Office of Research and Development ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We acknowledge all of the support provided by Peter Preuss and the innovation team, ORD. We also thank Drs. Andrew Kligerman, Julian Preston, and Mehdi Hazari for their very helpful comments on this manuscript and Alan Tennant for his assistance on the apoptosis imaging. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AY3UA UT WOS:000347506600016 PM 25285964 ER PT J AU Kapoor, V Pitkanen, T Ryu, H Elk, M Wendell, D Domingo, JWS AF Kapoor, Vikram Pitkaenen, Tarja Ryu, Hodon Elk, Michael Wendell, David Domingo, Jorge W. Santo TI Distribution of Human-Specific Bacteroidales and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in an Urban Watershed Impacted by Sewage Pollution, Determined Using RNA-and DNA-Based Quantitative PCR Assays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONTAMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; QPCR; ENVIRONMENTS; ENTEROCOCCUS AB The identification of fecal pollution sources is commonly carried out using DNA-based methods. However, there is evidence that DNA can be associated with dead cells or present as "naked DNA" in the environment. Furthermore, it has been shown that rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays can be more sensitive than rRNA gene-based qPCR assays since metabolically active cells usually contain higher numbers of ribosomes than quiescent cells. To this end, we compared the detection frequency of host-specific markers and fecal bacteria using RNA-based RT-qPCR and DNA-based qPCR methods for water samples collected in sites impacted by combined sewer overflows. As a group, fecal bacteria were more frequently detected in most sites using RNA-based methods. Specifically, 8, 87, and 85% of the samples positive for general enterococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium markers, respectively, were detected using RT-qPCR, but not with the qPCR assay counterpart. On average, two human-specific Bacteroidales markers were not detected when using DNA in 12% of the samples, while they were positive for all samples when using RNA (cDNA) as the template. Moreover, signal intensity was up to three orders of magnitude higher in RT-qPCR assays than in qPCR assays. The human-specific Bacteroidales markers exhibited moderate correlation with conventional fecal indicators using RT-qPCR results, suggesting the persistence of nonhuman sources of fecal pollution or the presence of false-positive signals. In general, the results from this study suggest that RNA-based assays can increase the detection sensitivity of fecal bacteria in urban watersheds impacted with human fecal sources. C1 [Kapoor, Vikram; Ryu, Hodon; Elk, Michael] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kapoor, Vikram; Wendell, David] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Pitkaenen, Tarja] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Water & Hlth Unit, Kuopio, Finland. [Pitkaenen, Tarja; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wendeldw@uc.edu; santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Pitkanen, Tarja/D-1657-2014 OI Pitkanen, Tarja/0000-0002-7591-9148 FU University Research Council fellowship at University of Cincinnati; Osk. Huttunen Foundation; National Research Council; Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; Finnish Cultural Foundation; University of Eastern Finland FX V.K. was funded by a University Research Council fellowship at University of Cincinnati. T.P. was supported by research grants from the Osk. Huttunen Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, and the University of Eastern Finland. H.R. was the recipient of a National Research Council fellowship. This research was in part funded by Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, provided funds and collaborated in the research described here. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1128/AEM.02446-14 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AY1TZ UT WOS:000347376200011 PM 25326295 ER PT J AU Chu, DA Ferrare, R Szykman, J Lewis, J Scarino, A Hains, J Burton, S Chen, G Tsai, T Hostetler, C Hair, J Holben, B Crawford, J AF Chu, D. Allen Ferrare, Richard Szykman, James Lewis, Jasper Scarino, Amy Hains, Jennifer Burton, Sharon Chen, Gao Tsai, Tzuchin Hostetler, Chris Hair, Johnathan Holben, Brent Crawford, James TI Regional characteristics of the relationship between columnar AOD and surface PM2.5: Application of lidar aerosol extinction profiles over Baltimore-Washington Corridor during DISCOVER-AQ SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DISCOVER-AQ; Baltimore-Washington Corridor; HSRL; MPLNET; DRAGON; AERONET; MODIS; ADD; Aerosol mixing layer; Haze layer height; PM2.5 ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-QUALITY; PARTICULATE; MODIS; POLLUTION; URBAN; LAND; VALIDATION; THICKNESS AB The first field campaign of DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from COlumn and VERtically resolved observations relevant to Air Quality) took place in July 2011 over Baltimore-Washington Corridor (BWC). A suite of airborne remote sensing and in-situ sensors was deployed along with ground networks for mapping vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols. Previous researches were based on a single lidar station because of the lack of regional coverage. This study uses the unique airborne HSRL (High Spectral Resolution Lidar) data to baseline PM2.5 (particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mu m) estimates and applies to regional air quality with satellite AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) retrievals over BWC (similar to 6500 km(2)). The linear approximation takes into account aerosols aloft above AML (Aerosol Mixing Layer) by normalizing AOD with haze layer height (i.e., AOD/HLH). The estimated PM2.5 mass concentrations by HSRL AOD/FILH are shown within 2 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error similar to 9.6 mu g/m(3)) with correlation similar to 0.88 with the observed over BWC. Similar statistics are shown when applying HLH data from a single location over the distance of 100 km. In other words, a single lidar is feasible to cover the range of 100 km with expected uncertainties. The employment of MPLNET-AERONET (MicroPulse Lidar NETwork - AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements at NASA GSFC produces similar statistics of PM2.5 estimates as those derived by HSRL. The synergy of active and passive remote sensing aerosol measurements provides the foundation for satellite application of air quality on a daily basis. For the optimal range of 10 km, the MODIS-estimated PM2.5 values are found satisfactory at 27 (out of 36) sunphotometer locations with mean RMSE of 1.6-3.3 mu g/m(3) relative to PM2.5 estimated by sunphotometers. The remaining 6 of 8 marginal sites are found in the coastal zone, for which associated large RMSE values similar to 4.5-7.8 mu g/m(3) are most likely due to overestimated AOD because of water-contaminated pixels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu, D. Allen; Lewis, Jasper] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chu, D. Allen; Lewis, Jasper; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferrare, Richard; Szykman, James; Scarino, Amy; Burton, Sharon; Chen, Gao; Hostetler, Chris; Hair, Johnathan; Crawford, James] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Szykman, James] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hains, Jennifer] Maryland Dept Environm, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Tsai, Tzuchin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsai, Tzuchin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Chu, DA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, JCET UMBC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM allen.chu@nasa.gov RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU NASA DISCOVER-AQ [NNX10AR41G]; NASA Air Now [NNX11A176G] FX We would like to thank HSRL and LARGE teams for acquiring and processing measurements during DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in July 2011 as well as AERONET/DRAGON and MPLNET teams for processing sunphotometer and micro-pulse lidar data. Thanks especially go to Maryland Department of Environment for providing hourly PM2.5 and meteorological measurements. We would also like to thank MODIS aerosol team and MODAP for processing MODIS AOD retrievals. The development of the methodology and the analysis of multiple-sensor data products are performed under the NASA grants DISCOVER-AQ (NNX10AR41G) and Air Now (NNX11A176G). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 101 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.034 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ1SB UT WOS:000348017000034 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Peddada, SD Cui, XP AF Zhao, Haibing Peddada, Shyamal D. Cui, Xinping TI Mixed directional false discovery rate control in multiple pairwise comparisons using weighted p-values SO BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Multiple Comparison Procedures (MCP2013) CY JUL 08-11, 2013 CL Univ Southampton, Southampton, UNITED KINGDOM HO Univ Southampton DE Benjamini Hochberg procedure; Microarray; Mixed directional false discovery rate; Multiple pairwise comparison; Weighted p-value ID LIVER-CANCER; ACETAMINOPHEN; PROPORTION; LANDSCAPE; TUMORS; NULL AB In many applications, researchers are interested in making q pairwise comparisons among k test groups on the basis of m outcome variables. Often, m is very large. For example, such situations arise in gene expression microarray studies involving several experimental groups. Researchers are often not only interested in identifying differentially expressed genes between a given pair of experimental groups, but are also interested in making directional inferences such as whether a gene is up-or downregulated in one treatment group relative to another. In such situations, in addition to the usual errors such as false positive (Type I error) and false negative (Type II error), one may commit directional error (Type III error). For example, in a dose response microarray study, a gene may be declared to be upregulated in the high dose group compared to the low dose group when it is not. In this paper, we introduce a mixed directional false discovery rate (mdFDR) controlling procedure using weighted p-values to select positives in different directions. The weights are defined as the inverse of two times the proportion of either positive or negative discoveries. The proposed procedure has been proved mathematically to control the mdFDR at level a and to have a larger power (which is defined as the expected proportion of nontrue null hypotheses) than the GSP10 procedure proposed by Guo et al. (2010). Simulation studies and real data analysis are also conducted to show the outperformance of the proposed procedure than the GSP10 procedure. C1 [Zhao, Haibing] Shanghai Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Stat & Management, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Peddada, Shyamal D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cui, Xinping] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Cui, XP (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM xinping.cui@ucr.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11101255]; University of California AES-CE RSAP grant [A01869]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES101744-04] FX The research of H.Z. was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [No. 11101255]. The research of XC was supported, in part, by University of California AES-CE RSAP grant [A01869]. The research of SDP was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES101744-04]. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0323-3847 EI 1521-4036 J9 BIOMETRICAL J JI Biom. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 144 EP 158 DI 10.1002/bimj.201300242 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA AY4GO UT WOS:000347536500011 PM 25410394 ER PT J AU Shumchenia, EJ Pelletier, MC Cicchetti, G Davies, S Pesch, CE Deacutis, CF Pryor, M AF Shumchenia, Emily J. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Cicchetti, Giancarlo Davies, Susan Pesch, Carol E. Deacutis, Christopher F. Pryor, Margherita TI A Biological Condition Gradient Model for Historical Assessment of Estuarine Habitat Structure SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological condition gradient; Biological assessment; Biological indicators; Habitat; Resource-based management; Stressors ID BASE-LINE SYNDROME; NARRAGANSETT BAY; RHODE-ISLAND; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; COASTAL; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS AB Coastal ecosystems are affected by ever-increasing natural and human pressures. Because the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics unique to estuarine ecosystems control the ways that biological resources respond to ecosystem stressors, we present a flexible and adaptable biological assessment method for estuaries. The biological condition gradient (BCG) is a scientific framework of biological response to increasing anthropogenic stress that is comprehensive and ecosystem based and evaluates environmental conditions and the status of ecosystem services in order to identify, communicate, and prioritize management action. Using existing data, we constructed the first estuarine BCG framework that examines changes in habitat structure through time. Working in a New England (U.S.) estuary with a long history of human influence, we developed an approach to define a reference level, which we described as a "minimally disturbed" range of conditions for the ecosystem, anchored by observations before 1850 AD. Like many estuaries in the U.S., the relative importance of environmental stressors changed over time, but even qualitative descriptions of the biological indicators' status provided useful information for defining condition levels. This BCG demonstrated that stressors rarely acted alone and that declines in one biological indicator influenced the declines of others. By documenting the biological responses to cumulative stressors, the BCG inherently suggests an ecosystem-based approach to management. Additionally, the BCG process initiates thinking over long time scales and can be used to inspire scientists, managers, and the public toward environmental action. C1 [Shumchenia, Emily J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett Bay, RI 02882 USA. [Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Cicchetti, Giancarlo; Pesch, Carol E.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett Bay, RI 02882 USA. [Davies, Susan] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Deacutis, Christopher F.] Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Div Fish & Wildlife, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. [Pryor, Margherita] US EPA, Off Water, Boston, MA 02109 USA. RP Shumchenia, EJ (reprint author), E&C Enviroscape LLC, Ashaway, RI 02804 USA. EM emily.shumchenia@gmail.com FU U.S. EPA Office of Water and Region 1; U.S. EPA FX This work was funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Water and Region 1. Although this research was funded by the U.S. EPA, the views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of the Agency. The authors wish to thank the participants of both BCG workshops held in Narragansett, RI and the numerous groups and individuals who have contributed data regarding the ecology of Narragansett Bay. The ideas and efforts of these individuals created a foundation for the estuarine BCG framework and case study. We would also like to thank P. Bradley, R. McKinney, S. Ayvasian, John Paul, and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful review of this manuscript. This is EPA contribution # ORD-003233. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 55 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0401-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY7BG UT WOS:000347715600012 PM 25387456 ER PT J AU Rhodes, ER Boczek, LA Ware, MW McKay, M Hoelle, JM Schoen, M Villegas, EN AF Rhodes, Eric R. Boczek, Laura A. Ware, Michael W. McKay, Mary Hoelle, Jill M. Schoen, Mary Villegas, Eric N. TI Determining Pathogen and Indicator Levels in Class B Municipal Organic Residuals Used for Land Application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; TREATMENT PLANTS; BIOSOLIDS; GIARDIA; CYSTS AB Biosolids are nutrient-rich organic residuals that are currently used to amend soils for food production. Treatment requirements to inactivate pathogens for production of Class A biosolids are energy intensive. One less energy intensive alternative is to treat biosolids to Class B standards, but it could result in higher pathogen loads. Quantitative microbial risk assessments models have been developed on land application of Class B biosolids but contain many uncertainties because of limited data on specific pathogen densities and the use of fecal indicator organisms as accurate surrogates of pathogen loads. To address this gap, a 12-mo study of the levels and relationships between Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and human adenovirus (HAdV) with fecal coliform, somatic, and F-RNA coliphage levels in Class B biosolids from nine wastewater treatment plants throughout the United States was conducted. Results revealed that fecal coliform, somatic, and F-RNA coliphage densities were consistent throughout the year. More important, results revealed that HAdV ((x) over bar = 2.5 x 10(3) genome copies dry g(-1)) and Giardia ((x) over bar = 4.14 x 103 cysts dry g(-1)) were in all biosolids samples regardless of treatment processes, location, or season. Cryptosporidium oocysts were also detected (38% positive; range: 0-1.9 x 103 oocysts dry g(-1)), albeit sporadically. Positive correlations among three fecal indicator organisms and HAdV, but not protozoa, were also observed. Overall, this study reveals that high concentrations of enteric pathogens (e.g., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and HAdV) are present in biosolids throughout the United States. Microbial densities found can further assist management and policymakers in establishing more accurate risk assessment models associated with land application of Class B biosolids. C1 [Rhodes, Eric R.; Ware, Michael W.; McKay, Mary; Schoen, Mary; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Boczek, Laura A.; Hoelle, Jill M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX We would like to thank all the POTWs that participated in the study and Chandler Stevens for technical assistance. We also acknowledge Ron Hermann and Carolyn Acheson for their scientific discussions. We would like to thank Asja Korajkic and Mark Meckes for critical review of the manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Author contributions: ERR, LAB, MS, and ENV conceived and designed the experiments; ERR, LAB, MWW, MM, JMH, ENV performed the experiments and/or collected field samples; ERR, LAB, MWW, MS, and ENV, analyzed the data; ERR, LAB, MWW, MS, and ENV wrote the paper. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 44 IS 1 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.04.0142 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY8YH UT WOS:000347836100029 PM 25602342 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, PF Crawford, JA Hunt, A Vesper, SJ Abraham, JL AF Rosenbaum, P. F. Crawford, J. A. Hunt, A. Vesper, S. J. Abraham, J. L. TI Environmental Relative Moldiness Index and Associations with Home Characteristics and Infant Wheeze SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE ERMI; infants; mold; wheeze ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; 1ST YEAR; COHORT; FUNGI; MOLD; PREDICTOR; SYRACUSE; EXPOSURE; RISK AB Possible relationships between mold contamination, as described by the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI), home characteristics, and the development of wheeze in the first year of life were evaluated among a cohort of urban infants (n = 103) in Syracuse, New York. Pregnant women with a history of asthma were recruited in 2001-2002 for the "Assessment of Urban Dwellings for Indoor Toxics" (AUDIT) study. When the infants were approximately 3 months of age, a home inspection was carried out and indoor environmental samples collected, including vacuumed house dust. ERMI levels in the Syracuse cohort homes were higher than the U.S. average, with an overall mean of 11.4. ERMI levels were significantly higher in homes with visible water problems (p = 0.023) and visiblemold (p = 0.023). ERMI levels in apartments were significantly lower than the values measured in houses (p = 0.0003). While infants experiencing wheeze (38%) tended to live in homes with higher ERMI values than those without wheeze (ERMI values of 12.3 and 10.9, respectively), the differences did not reach statistical significance. A subset analysis limited to infants with living room samples who remained in the same home during the study (n = 25) was suggestive of an association between higher ERMI values and wheeze (p = 0.10). In summary, the ERMI is a standardized metric which allows for comparison of moldiness levels in homes across studies and regions in the United States. ERMI levels in Syracuse homes were skewed to the high end of the national scale. Higher ERMI levels were indicators of water problems, mold, and type of housing. C1 [Rosenbaum, P. F.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Crawford, J. A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Grad Program Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Hunt, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Vesper, S. J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Abraham, J. L.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Rosenbaum, PF (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, 750 East Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM rosenbap@upstate.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency [GR828605-01-0]; NYSTAR; Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York FX Funding for the original AUDIT study was from the Environmental Protection Agency, Grant # GR828605-01-0. Other sources of funding were NYSTAR and the Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1080/15459624.2014.933958 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AZ1ZJ UT WOS:000348033600004 PM 25068535 ER PT J AU Wahman, DG Speitel, GE AF Wahman, David G. Speitel, Gerald E., Jr. TI Hydroxylamine addition impact to Nitrosomonas europaea activity in the presence of monochloramine SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydroxylamine; Monochloramine; Drinking water; Nitrification; Nitrosornonas europaea ID MONOAZIDE QUANTITATIVE PCR; LIVE/DEAD BACLIGHT METHODS; DRINKING-WATER CONDITIONS; DISINFECTION KINETICS; CHLORAMINE; NITRIFICATION; INACTIVATION; OXIDATION AB In drinking water, monochloramine may promote ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) growth because of concurrent ammonia presence. AOB use (i) ammonia monooxygenase for biological ammonia oxidation to hydroxylamine and (ii) hydroxylamine oxidoreductase for biological hydroxylamine oxidation to nitrite. In addition, monochloramine and hydroxylamine abiotically react, providing AOB a potential benefit by removing the disinfectant (monochloramine) and releasing growth substrate (ammonia). Alternatively and because biological hydroxylamine oxidation supplies the electrons (reductant) required for biological ammonia oxidation, the monochloramine/hydroxylamine abiotic reaction represents a possible inactivation mechanism by consuming hydroxylamine and inhibiting reductant generation. To investigate the abiotic monochloramine and hydroxylamine reaction's impact on AOB activity, the current study used batch experiments with Nitrosomonas europaea (AOB pure culture), ammonia, monochloramine, and hydroxylamine addition. To decipher whether hydroxylamine addition benefitted N. europaea activity by (i) removing monochloramine and releasing free ammonia or (ii) providing an additional effect (possibly the aforementioned reductant source), a previously developed cometabolism model was coupled with an abiotic monochloramine and hydroxylamine model for data interpretation. N. europaea maintained ammonia oxidizing activity when hydroxylamine was added before complete ammonia oxidation cessation. The impact could not be accounted for by monochloramine removal and free ammonia release alone and was concentration dependent for both monochloramine and hydroxylamine. In addition, a preferential negative impact occurred for ammonia versus hydroxylamine oxidation. These results suggest an additional benefit of exogenous hydroxylamine addition beyond monochloramine removal and free ammonia release, possibly providing reductant generation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wahman, David G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Speitel, Gerald E., Jr.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wahman, DG (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wahman.david@epa.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 68 BP 719 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.054 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AY7RO UT WOS:000347756900065 PM 25462776 ER PT J AU King, KE Clarke, PJ AF King, Katherine E. Clarke, Philippa J. TI A Disadvantaged Advantage in Walkability: Findings From Socioeconomic and Geographical Analysis of National Built Environment Data in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE built environment; census tracts; health disparities; sociodemographic factors; urban form; walkability ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AIR-POLLUTION; LAND-USE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS; URBAN FORM; DISPARITIES; POPULATIONS; INTERVENTIONS; AVAILABILITY AB Urban form-the structure of the built environment-can influence physical activity, yet little is known about how walkable design differs according to neighborhood sociodemographic composition. We studied how walkable urban form varies by neighborhood sociodemographic composition, region, and urbanicity across the United States. Using linear regression models and 2000-2001 US Census data, we investigated the relationship between 5 neighborhood census characteristics (income, education, racial/ethnic composition, age distribution, and sex) and 5 walkability indicators in almost 65,000 census tracts in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Data on the built environment were obtained from the RAND Corporation's (Santa Monica, California) Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (median block length, street segment, and node density) and the US Geological Survey's National Land Cover Database (proportion open space and proportion highly developed). Disadvantaged neighborhoods and those with more educated residents were more walkable (i.e., shorter block length, greater street node density, more developed land use, and higher density of street segments). However, tracts with a higher proportion of children and older adults were less walkable (fewer street nodes and lower density of street segments), after adjustment for region and level of urbanicity. Research and policy on the walkability-health link should give nuanced attention to the gap between persons living in walkable areas and those for whom walkability has the most to offer. C1 [King, Katherine E.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP King, KE (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kk183@duke.edu FU Research Participation Program of the Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R24 HD041028] FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program of the Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (Oak Ridge, Tennessee) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency.; We appreciate the use of the services and facilities of the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, Michigan), which is supported by Center Grant R24 HD041028 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. NR 89 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 181 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu310 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AY2JF UT WOS:000347414700002 PM 25414159 ER PT J AU King, KE AF King, Katherine E. TI Dr. King Responds to "History of Place, Life Course, and Health Inequalities" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP King, KE (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kk183@duke.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 181 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu315 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AY2JF UT WOS:000347414700004 PM 25414160 ER PT J AU Buse, HY Lu, JR Ashbolt, NJ AF Buse, Helen Y. Lu, Jingrang Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Exposure to Synthetic Gray Water Inhibits Amoeba Encystation and Alters Expression of Legionella pneumophila Virulence Genes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; ON-SITE TREATMENT; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; GREYWATER REUSE; HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; RESISTING BACTERIA; DOMESTIC GREYWATER; MICROBIAL QUALITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SECRETION SYSTEM AB Water conservation efforts have focused on gray water (GW) usage, especially for applications that do not require potable water quality. However, there is a need to better understand environmental pathogens and their free-living amoeba (FLA) hosts within GW, given their growth potential in stored gray water. Using synthetic gray water (sGW) we examined three strains of the waterbased pathogen Legionella pneumophila and its FLA hosts Acanthamoeba polyphaga, A. castellanii, and Vermamoeba vermiformis. Exposure to sGW for 72 h resulted in significant inhibition (P < 0.0001) of amoebal encystation versus control-treated cells, with the following percentages of cysts in sGW versus controls: A. polyphaga (0.6 versus 6%), A. castellanii (2 versus 62%), and V. vermiformis (1 versus 92%), suggesting sGW induced maintenance of the actively feeding trophozoite form. During sGW exposure, L. pneumophila culturability decreased as early as 5 h (1.3 to 2.9 log(10) CFU, P < 0.001) compared to controls (Delta 0 to 0.1 log(10) CFU) with flow cytometric analysis revealing immediate changes in membrane permeability. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed on total RNA isolated from L. pneumophila cells at 0 to 48 h after sGW incubation, and genes associated with virulence (gacA, lirR, csrA, pla, and sidF), the type IV secretion system (lvrB and lvrE), and metabolism (ccmF and lolA) were all shown to be differentially expressed. These results suggest that conditions within GW may promote interactions between water-based pathogens and FLA hosts, through amoebal encystment inhibition and alteration of bacterial gene expression, thus warranting further exploration into FLA and L. pneumophila behavior in GW systems. C1 [Buse, Helen Y.] Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Lu, Jingrang; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Buse, HY (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM buse.helen@epa.gov NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 IS 2 BP 630 EP 639 DI 10.1128/AEM.03394-14 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AY1UL UT WOS:000347377500019 PM 25381242 ER PT J AU Attene-Ramos, MS Huang, RL Michael, S Witt, KL Richard, A Tice, RR Simeonov, A Austin, CP Xia, MH AF Attene-Ramos, Matias S. Huang, Ruili Michael, Sam Witt, Kristine L. Richard, Ann Tice, Raymond R. Simeonov, Anton Austin, Christopher P. Xia, Menghang TI Profiling of the Tox21 Chemical Collection for Mitochondrial Function to Identify Compounds that Acutely Decrease Mitochondrial Membrane Potential SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; LEUKEMIA-CELLS; DYSFUNCTION; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; APOPTOSIS; BRYOSTATIN-1; CYTOTOXICITY AB BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding whether different environmental chemicals and druglike molecules impact mitochondrial function represents an initial step in predicting exposure-related toxicity and defining a possible role for such compounds in the onset of various diseases. OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify individual chemicals and general structural features associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Methods: We used a multiplexed [two end points in one screen; MMP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content] quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) approach combined with informatics tools to screen the Tox21 library of 10,000 compounds (similar to 8,300 unique chemicals) at 15 concentrations each in triplicate to identify chemicals and structural features that are associated with changes in MMP in HepG2 cells. RESULTS: Approximately 11% of the compounds (913 unique compounds) decreased MMP after 1 hr of treatment without affecting cell viability (ATP content). In addition, 309 compounds decreased MMP over a concentration range that also produced measurable cyto-toxicity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in MMP assay/IC50 in viability assay <= 3; p < 0.05]. More than 11% of the structural clusters that constitute the Tox21 library (76 of 651 clusters) were significantly enriched for compounds that decreased the MMP. CONCLUSIONS: Our multiplexed qHTS approach allowed us to generate a robust and reliable data set to evaluate the ability of thousands of drugs and environmental compounds to decrease MMP. The use of structure-based clustering analysis allowed us to identify molecular features that are likely responsible for the observed activity. C1 [Attene-Ramos, Matias S.; Huang, Ruili; Michael, Sam; Simeonov, Anton; Austin, Christopher P.; Xia, Menghang] NIH, Natl Ctr Advancing Translat Sci, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Witt, Kristine L.; Tice, Raymond R.] NIEHS, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Richard, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xia, MH (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Advancing Translat Sci, 9800 Med Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mxia@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/Division of the National Toxicology Program [IAG Y2-ES-7020-01] FX This work was supported through interagency agreement IAG Y2-ES-7020-01 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/Division of the National Toxicology Program to the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 123 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1289/ehp.1408642 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AY1YF UT WOS:000347385000013 PM 25302578 ER PT J AU Zhang, XS Izaurralde, RC Manowitz, DH Sahajpal, R West, TO Thomson, AM Xu, M Zhao, K LeDuc, SD Williams, JR AF Zhang, Xuesong Izaurralde, Roberto C. Manowitz, David H. Sahajpal, Ritvik West, Tristram O. Thomson, Allison M. Xu, Min Zhao, Kaiguang LeDuc, Stephen D. Williams, Jimmy R. TI Regional scale cropland carbon budgets: Evaluating a geospatial agricultural modeling system using inventory data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Carbon; Climate change; EPIC; Geospatial modeling; Parallel computing ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; SOIL CARBON; LONG-TERM; CONTERMINOUS USA; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; DYNAMICS AB Accurate quantification and clear understanding of regional scale cropland carbon (C) cycling is critical for designing effective policies and management practices that can contribute toward stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, extrapolating site-scale observations to regional scales represents a major challenge confronting the agricultural modeling community. This study introduces a novel geospatial agricultural modeling system (GAMS) exploring the integration of the mechanistic Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model, spatially-resolved data, surveyed management data, and supercomputing functions for cropland C budgets estimates. This modeling system creates spatially-explicit modeling units at a spatial resolution consistent with remotely-sensed crop identification and assigns cropping systems to each of them by geo-referencing surveyed crop management information at the county or state level. A parallel computing algorithm was also developed to facilitate the computationally intensive model runs and output post-processing and visualization. We evaluated GAMS against National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) reported crop yields and inventory estimated county-scale cropland C budgets averaged over 2000-2008. We observed good overall agreement, with spatial correlation of 0.89, 0.90, 0.41, and 0.87, for crop yields, Net Primary Production (NPP), Soil Organic C (SOC) change, and Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), respectively. However, we also detected notable differences in the magnitude of NPP and NEE, as well as in the spatial pattern of SOC change. By performing crop-specific annual comparisons, we discuss possible explanations for the discrepancies between GAMS and the inventory method, such as data requirements, representation of agroecosystem processes, completeness and accuracy of crop management data, and accuracy of crop area representation. Based on these analyses, we further discuss strategies to improve GAMS by updating input data and by designing more efficient parallel computing capability to quantitatively assess errors associated with the simulation of C budget components. The modularized design of the GAMS makes it flexible to be updated and adapted for different agricultural models so long as they require similar input data, and to be linked with socio-economic models to understand the effectiveness and implications of diverse C management practices and policies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xuesong; Manowitz, David H.; West, Tristram O.; Thomson, Allison M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Xuesong; Manowitz, David H.; West, Tristram O.; Thomson, Allison M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, Roberto C.; Sahajpal, Ritvik] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhao, Kaiguang] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [LeDuc, Stephen D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Izaurralde, Roberto C.; Williams, Jimmy R.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xuesong.zhang@pnnl.gov RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Zhao, Kaiguang/D-1172-2010; OI Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300 FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494, KP1601050, DOE EERE OBP 20469-19145]; NASA, North American Carbon Program [NNH12AU03I]; New Investigator Program (NIP) [NNH13ZDA001N] FX We sincerely appreciate the valuable comments provided by the three anonymous reviewers, which have greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This work was partially funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494, DOE BER Office of Science KP1601050, DOE EERE OBP 20469-19145), and NASA as part of the North American Carbon Program (NNH12AU03I) and the New Investigator Program (NIP) (NNH13ZDA001N). The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 63 BP 199 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.10.005 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY1OT UT WOS:000347362900016 ER PT J AU Sengupta, D Mukherjee, R Sikdar, SK AF Sengupta, Debalina Mukherjee, Rajib Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Environmental Sustainability of Countries Using the UN MDG Indicators by Multivariate Statistical Methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Aggregate Index Method; Euclidean Distance Method; Partial Least Squares Variable Importance in Projection; United Nations Millennium Development Goals; sustainability; sustainability indicators AB The objective of the article is to show that indicator aggregation coupled with the use of a multivariate statistical analysis applied to the environmental sustainability indicator data of the UN Millennium Goals (MDG) can allow important inferences to be made. Goal 7 of the UN MDG aims to assess environmental sustainability by ten indicators, the dominant among them being emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent. The data is available over a period of 20 years. We used an aggregate index method to combine the various indicator values into a single index, and studied the trends of countries over the years. We have also compared among two arbitrarily chosen groups of OECD and non-OECD countries, and shown how these countries have performed among themselves and as a combined group over the time period. Using the multivariate statistical method of Partial Least Squares Variable Importance in Projection (PLS-VIP), we showed how to find the key indicators from the larger set and their relative importance over the years. Important results from our research include ranking of countries according to their overall environmental performance in a particular group. The PLS-VIP method showed that certain indicators have shifted in their importance in influencing their overall environmental performance, while others have remained relatively insignificant over the 20-year period. 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2014 (c) 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 198-206, 2015 C1 [Sengupta, Debalina; Mukherjee, Rajib; Sikdar, Subhas K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov FU EPA Office of Research and Development; Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The work presented here was funded by the EPA Office of Research and Development. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. The supplementary information provided with this paper contains an excel spreadsheet where a reader can access the data used to generate the figures in this paper. The Matlab (R) code used to generate the data is available upon request from the authors. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1944-7442 EI 1944-7450 J9 ENVIRON PROG SUSTAIN JI Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1002/ep.11963 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY1CP UT WOS:000347331300025 ER PT J AU Lockey, JE Redlich, CA Streicher, R Pfahles-Hutchens, A Hakkinen, PJ Ellison, GL Harber, P Utell, M Holland, J Comai, A White, M AF Lockey, James E. Redlich, Carrie A. Streicher, Robert Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea Hakkinen, Pertti (Bert) J. Ellison, Gary L. Harber, Philip Utell, Mark Holland, John Comai, Andrew White, Marc TI Isocyanates and Human Health Multistakeholder Information Needs and Research Priorities SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE; COLLISION REPAIR INDUSTRY; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; EXPOSURE LIMITS; SKIN EXPOSURE; POLYURETHANE; SURVEILLANCE AB Objectives: To outline the knowledge gaps and research priorities identified by a broad base of stakeholders involved in the planning and participation of an international conference and research agenda workshop on isocyanates and human health held in Potomac, Maryland, in April 2013. Methods: A multimodal iterative approach was used for data collection including preconference surveys, review of a 2001 consensus conference on isocyanates, oral and poster presentations, focused break-out sessions, panel discussions, and postconference research agenda workshop. Results: Participants included representatives of consumer and worker health, health professionals, regulatory agencies, academic and industry scientists, labor, and trade associations. Conclusions: Recommendations were summarized regarding knowledge gaps and research priorities in the following areas: worker and consumer exposures; toxicology, animal models, and biomarkers; human cancer risk; environmental exposure and monitoring; and respiratory epidemiology and disease, and occupational health surveillance. C1 [Lockey, James E.] Univ Cincinnati, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Pulm Div,Dept Internal Med,Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Redlich, Carrie A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Occupat & Environm Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Streicher, Robert] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea] US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hakkinen, Pertti (Bert) J.] NIH, Off Clin Toxicol, Specialized Informat Serv, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ellison, Gary L.] NCI, Epidemiol & Genom Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Harber, Philip] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Utell, Mark] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Holland, John] Holland Associates, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Comai, Andrew] UAW Hlth & Safety, Int Union, Detroit, MI USA. [White, Marc] Univ British Columbia, Dept Family Practice, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [White, Marc] Canadian Inst Relief Pain & Disabil, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Lockey, JE (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Dept Environm Hlth, 3223 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM lockeyje@ucmail.uc.edu RI White, Marc/N-8404-2015; Hakkinen, Pertti/G-4803-2016; OI Hakkinen, Pertti/0000-0002-8295-9738; White, Marc/0000-0001-7623-1268 FU National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; Canadian Institutes for Health Research-Institute of Cancer Research; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine FX National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; Canadian Institutes for Health Research-Institute of Cancer Research; and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 57 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000278 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AY3IP UT WOS:000347477900010 PM 25563538 ER PT J AU Daston, G Knight, DJ Schwarz, M Gocht, T Thomas, RS Mahony, C Whelan, M AF Daston, George Knight, Derek J. Schwarz, Michael Gocht, Tilman Thomas, Russell S. Mahony, Catherine Whelan, Maurice TI SEURAT: Safety Evaluation Ultimately Replacing Animal Testing-Recommendations for future research in the field of predictive toxicology SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Critical biological targets; Adverse outcome pathways; Safety assessment; Read-across; Ab initio prediction ID HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXCAST PROGRAM; FRAMEWORK; CHEMICALS; UPDATE; READ AB The development of non-animal methodology to evaluate the potential for a chemical to cause systemic toxicity is one of the grand challenges of modern science. The European research programme SEURAT is active in this field and will conclude its first phase, SEURAT-1, in December 2015. Drawing on the experience gained in SEURAT-1 and appreciating international advancement in both basic and regulatory science, we reflect here on how SEURAT should evolve and propose that further research and development should be directed along two complementary and interconnecting work streams. The first work stream would focus on developing new 'paradigm' approaches for regulatory science. The goal here is the identification of 'critical biological targets' relevant for toxicity and to test their suitability to be used as anchors for predicting toxicity. The second work stream would focus on integration and application of new approach methods for hazard (and risk) assessment within the current regulatory 'paradigm', aiming for acceptance of animal-free testing strategies by regulatory authorities (i.e. translating scientific achievements into regulation). Components for both work streams are discussed and may provide a structure for a future research programme in the field of predictive toxicology. C1 [Daston, George] Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety Dept, Mason, OH 45040 USA. [Knight, Derek J.] European Chem Agcy, Helsinki 00121, Finland. [Schwarz, Michael; Gocht, Tilman] Univ Tubingen, Dept Toxicol, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Thomas, Russell S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mahony, Catherine] Procter & Gamble Tech Ctr Ltd, Egham TW20 9NW, Surrey, England. [Whelan, Maurice] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IHCP, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Schwarz, M (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Toxicol, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM Michael.schwarz@uni-tuebingen.de OI Gocht, Tilma/0000-0002-2491-2050 FU European Community [267044]; Cosmetics Europe FX This work has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 267044 (project acronym 'COACH') and has received financing from Cosmetics Europe. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5761 EI 1432-0738 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 89 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00204-014-1421-5 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY0KZ UT WOS:000347286700003 PM 25433540 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Eaglesham, GE Hobson, P Toms, LML Mueller, JF Thompson, JS AF Lorber, M. Eaglesham, G. E. Hobson, P. Toms, L. -M. L. Mueller, J. F. Thompson, J. S. TI The effect of ongoing blood loss on human serum concentrations of perfluorinated acids SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PFOS; PFOA; Menstruation; Elimination; Blood loss; PK model ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; WOMEN; POPULATION; AMERICANS; EXPOSURE AB Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) have been detected in serum at low concentrations in background populations. Higher concentrations haven been observed in adult males compared to females, with a possible explanation that menstruation offers females an additional elimination route. In this study, we examined the significance of blood loss as an elimination route of PFAAs. Pooled serum samples were collected from individuals undergoing a medical procedure involving ongoing blood withdrawal called venesection, Concentrations from male venesection patients were approximately 40% lower than males in the general population for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). A simple pharmacokinetic model was used to test the hypothesis that blood loss could explain why adult males have higher concentrations of PFAAs than females, and why males undergoing venesections had lower concentrations compared to males in the general population. The model application generally supported these hypotheses showing that venesection might reduce blood serum concentrations by 37% (PFOA) and 53% (PFOS) compared to the observed difference of 44% and 37%. Menstruation was modeled to show a 22% reduction in PFOA serum concentrations compared to a 24% difference in concentrations between males and females in the background population. Uncertainties in the modeling and the data are identified and discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lorber, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Eaglesham, G. E.] Queensland Hlth & Forens Sci Serv, Special Serv Organ Grp, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Hobson, P.] Sullivan Niccolaides Pathol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Toms, L. -M. L.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Clin Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Toms, L. -M. L.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Mueller, J. F.; Thompson, J. S.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol Entox, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov RI Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Toms, Leisa-Maree/C-9530-2009; OI Toms, Leisa-Maree/0000-0002-1444-1638; Mueller, Jochen/0000-0002-0000-1973 FU Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship [FF120100546]; ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award [DE120100161]; Queensland Health FX J.F. Mueller is funded by Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship (FF120100546). L.-M.L. Toms is funded by an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE120100161). The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology is co-funded by Queensland Health. The authors are grateful for the statistical support provided by John Fox of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2015 VL 118 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.093 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX5GC UT WOS:000346953700024 PM 25180653 ER PT J AU Tumburu, L Andersen, CP Rygiewicz, PT Reichman, JR AF Tumburu, Laxminath Andersen, Christian P. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Reichman, Jay R. TI PHENOTYPIC AND GENOMIC RESPONSES TO TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN ARABIDOPSIS GERMINANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana germinants; Transcriptional responses; Development; Nano-ceria; Nano-titania ID THALIANA GENE-EXPRESSION; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; CEO2 NANOPARTICLES; SEED-GERMINATION; DNA-DAMAGE; PLANTS; TOXICITY; STRESS; TIO2; ZNO AB The effects of exposure to nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (nano-titanium) and cerium oxide (nano-cerium) on gene expression and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana germinants were studied by using microarrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and by evaluating germinant phenotypic plasticity. Exposure to 12 d of either nano-titania or nano-ceria altered the regulation of 204 and 142 genes, respectively. Genes induced by the nanoparticles mainly include ontology groups annotated as stimuli responsive, including both abiotic (oxidative stress, salt stress, water transport) and biotic (respiratory burst as a defense against pathogens) stimuli. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates that both nanoparticles affected a range of metabolic processes (deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] metabolism, hormone metabolism, tetrapyrrole synthesis, and photosynthesis). Individual exposures to the nanoparticles increased percentages of seeds with emergent radicles, early development of hypocotyls and cotyledons, and those with fully grown leaves. Although there were distinct differences between the nanoparticles in their affect on molecular mechanisms attributable to enhancing germinant growth, both particles altered similar suites of genes related to various pathways and processes related to enhanced growth. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:70-83. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Tumburu, Laxminath] Western Ecol Div, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Corvallis, OR USA. [Andersen, Christian P.; Rygiewicz, Paul T.; Reichman, Jay R.] Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tumburu, L (reprint author), Western Ecol Div, Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lax.tumburu@nih.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division Laboratory FX We thank J. Betts for preparing the nanoparticle suspensions and determining suspension characteristics and L. Pokhrel for helping us obtain the TEM images and physical diameters of the ENPs. We also thank the Genomic Research Core, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US Environmental Protection Agency, for processing the microarrays. The present study was performed while L. Tumburu held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division Laboratory. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 70 EP 83 DI 10.1002/etc.2756 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AX2QT UT WOS:000346789800010 PM 25242526 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Weaver, PC Nietch, CT Lazorchak, JM Struewing, KA Funk, DH AF Johnson, Brent R. Weaver, Paul C. Nietch, Christopher T. Lazorchak, James M. Struewing, Katherine A. Funk, David H. TI ELEVATED MAJOR ION CONCENTRATIONS INHIBIT LARVAL MAYFLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Centroptilum; Conductivity; Neocloeon; Total dissolved solids; Toxicity ID FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATES; CENTROPTILUM-TRIANGULIFER; COAL-MINE; TOXICITY; STREAM; EPHEMEROPTERA; BIOASSAYS; RESPONSES; SALINITY; EXPOSURE AB Anthropogenic disturbances, including those from developing energy resources, can alter stream chemistry significantly by elevating total dissolved solids. Field studies have indicated that mayflies (Order Ephemeroptera) are particularly sensitive to high total dissolved solids. In the present study, the authors measured 20-d growth and survivorship of larval Neocloeon triangulifer exposed to a gradient of brine salt (mixed NaCl and CaCl2) concentrations. Daily growth rates were reduced significantly in all salt concentrations above the control (363 mu Scm(-1)) and larvae in treatments with specific conductance >812 mu Scm(-1) were in comparatively earlier developmental stages (instars) at the end of the experiment. Survivorship declined significantly when specific conductance was >1513 mu Scm(-1) and the calculated 20-d 50% lethal concentration was 2866 mu Scm(-1). The present study's results provide strong experimental evidence that elevated ion concentrations similar to those observed in developing energy resources, such as oil and gas drilling or coal mining, can adversely affect sensitive aquatic insect species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:167-172. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Johnson, Brent R.; Lazorchak, James M.] Natl Exposure Res Lab, United States Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Weaver, Paul C.; Struewing, Katherine A.] McConnell Grp, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Nietch, Christopher T.] Natl Risk Management Lab, United States Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Funk, David H.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Natl Exposure Res Lab, United States Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM johnson.brent@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1002/etc.2777 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AX2QT UT WOS:000346789800021 PM 25307284 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Huerta, K Pacheco-Rosado, J Gilbert, ME AF Sanchez-Huerta, K. Pacheco-Rosado, J. Gilbert, M. E. TI Adult Onset-Hypothyroidism: Alterations in Hippocampal Field Potentials in the Dentate Gyrus are Largely Associated with Anaesthesia-Induced Hypothermia SO JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; propylthiouracil; adult onset hypothryoidism; hippocampus; synaptic transmission; hypothermia ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; IMPAIRS SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; THYROID-HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY; BRAIN TEMPERATURE; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PLASTICITY; PATHWAY; LTP; CA1 AB Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for a number of physiological processes and is particularly critical during nervous system development. The hippocampus is strongly implicated in cognition and is sensitive to developmental hypothyroidism. The impact of TH insufficiency in the foetus and neonate on hippocampal synaptic function has been fairly well characterised. Although adult onset hypothyroidism has also been associated with impairments in cognitive function, studies of hippocampal synaptic function with late onset hypothyroidism have yielded inconsistent results. In the present study, we report hypothyroidism induced by the synthesis inhibitor propylthiouracil (10p.p.m., 0.001%, minimum of 4weeks), resulted in marginal alterations in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike (PS) amplitude in the dentate gyrus measured in vivo. No effects were seen in tests of short-term plasticity, and a minor enhancement of long-term potentiation of the EPSP slope was observed. The most robust synaptic alteration evident in hypothyroid animals was an increase in synaptic response latency, which was paralleled by a failure to maintain normal body temperature under anaesthesia, despite warming on a heating pad. Latency shifts could be reversed in hypothyroid animals by increasing the external heat source and, conversely, synaptic delays could be induced in control animals by removing the heat source, with a consequent drop in body and brain temperature. Thermoregulation is TH- dependent, and anaesthesia necessary for surgical procedures posed a thermoregulatory challenge that was differentially met in control and hypothyroid animals. Minor increases in field potential EPSP slope, decreases in PS amplitudes and increased latencies are consistent with previous reports of hypothermia in naive control rats. We conclude that failures in thyroid-dependent temperature regulation rather than direct action of TH in synaptic physiology are responsible for the observed effects. These findings stand in contrast to the synaptic impairments observed in adult offspring following developmental TH insufficiency, and emphasise the need to control for the potential unintended consequences of hypothermia in the interpretation of hypothyroid-induced changes in physiological systems, most notably synaptic transmission. C1 [Sanchez-Huerta, K.; Pacheco-Rosado, J.] IPN, Dept Fisiol Mauricio Russek, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Neurotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sanchez-Huerta, K.; Pacheco-Rosado, J.] Natl Inst Pediat, Lab Neurochem, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0953-8194 EI 1365-2826 J9 J NEUROENDOCRINOL JI J. Neuroendocrinol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1111/jne.12229 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AX1XC UT WOS:000346735900002 PM 25327136 ER PT J AU Ogg, C AF Ogg, Clayton TI Compliance programs' feasibility for reducing worldwide loss of forests and other ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ogg, Clayton] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Ogg, Clayton] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 70 IS 1 BP 19A EP 22A DI 10.2489/jswc.70.1.19A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AX8UI UT WOS:000347183400003 ER PT J AU Korner-Nievergelt, F Behr, O Brinkmann, R Etterson, MA Huso, MMP Dalthorp, D Korner-Nievergelt, P Roth, T Niermann, I AF Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi Behr, Oliver Brinkmann, Robert Etterson, Matthew A. Huso, Manuela M. P. Dalthorp, Dan Korner-Nievergelt, Pius Roth, Tobias Niermann, Ivo TI Mortality estimation from carcass searches using the R-package carcass - a tutorial SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND FARMS; BAT FATALITY; BIRD; MODELS; PERSISTENCE; HYPOTHESES; SURVIVAL; AREAS AB This article is a tutorial for the R-package carcass. It starts with a short overview of common methods used to estimate mortality based on carcass searches. Then, it guides step by step through a simple example. First, the proportion of animals that fall into the search area is estimated. Second, carcass persistence time is estimated based on experimental data. Third, searcher efficiency is estimated. Fourth, these three estimated parameters are combined to obtain the probability that an animal killed is found by an observer. Finally, this probability is used together with the observed number of carcasses found to obtain an estimate for the total number of killed animals together with a credible interval. C1 [Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi; Korner-Nievergelt, Pius] Oikostat GmbH, CH-6218 Ettiswil, Switzerland. [Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi; Korner-Nievergelt, Pius] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Sempach, Switzerland. [Behr, Oliver] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Sensor Technol, DE-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Brinkmann, Robert] FrInaT, Freiburg Inst Appl Anim Ecol, DE-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Huso, Manuela M. P.; Dalthorp, Dan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roth, Tobias] Hintermann & Weber AG, CH-4153 Reinach, Switzerland. [Niermann, Ivo] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Environm Planning, DE-30419 Hannover, Germany. RP Korner-Nievergelt, F (reprint author), Oikostat GmbH, Ausserdorf 43, CH-6218 Ettiswil, Switzerland. EM fraenzi.korner@oikostat.ch NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.2981/wlb.00094 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AY2DK UT WOS:000347398500004 ER PT J AU Wu, XM Bennett, DH Calafat, AM Kato, K Strynar, M Andersen, E Moran, RE Tancredi, DJ Tulve, NS Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Wu, Xiangmei (May) Bennett, Deborah H. Calafat, Antonia M. Kato, Kayoko Strynar, Mark Andersen, Erik Moran, Rebecca E. Tancredi, Daniel J. Tulve, Nicolle S. Hertz-Picciotto, Irva TI Serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) among selected populations of children and Adults in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated compounds; Serum; Children; Within-family correlation; Temporal variation ID NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; IN-HOUSE DUST; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; POLYFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; POLYFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; DIETARY EXPOSURE; INDOOR AIR; HALF-LIFE; CHEMICALS AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial applications and consumer products. Their persistent nature and potential health impacts are of concern. Given the high cost of collecting serum samples, this study is to understand whether we can quantify PFC serum concentrations using factors extracted from questionnaire responses and indirect measurements, and whether a single serum measurement can be used to classify an individual's exposure over a one-year period. The study population included three demographic groups: young children (2-8 years old) (N=67), parents of young children (< 55 years old) (N=90), and older adults ( > 55 years old) (N=59). PFC serum concentrations, house dust concentrations, and questionnaires were collected. The geometric mean of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was highest for the older adults. In contrast, the geometric mean of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was highest for children. Serum concentrations of the parent and the child from the same family were moderately correlated (Spearman correlation (r)=0.26-0.79, p <0.05), indicating common sources within a family. For adults, age, having occupational exposure or having used fire extinguisher, frequencies of consuming butter/margarine, pork, canned meat entres, tuna and white fish, freshwater fish, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of individual PFCs. For children, residential dust concentrations, frequency of wearing waterproof clothes, frequency of having canned fish, hotdogs, chicken nuggets, French fries, and chips, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significant positive predictors of individual PFC serum concentrations. In addition, the serum concentrations collected in a subset of young children (N=20) and the parents (N=42) one year later were strongly correlated (r=0.68-0.98, p <0.001) with the levels measured at the first visits, but showed a decreasing trend. Children had moderate correlation (r=0.43) between serum and dust concentrations. of PFOS, indicating indoor sources contribute to exposure. In conclusion, besides food intake, occupational exposure, consumer product use, and exposure to residential dust contribute to PFC exposure. The downward temporal trend of serum concentrations reflects the reduction of PFCs use in recent years while the year-to-year correlation indicates that a single serum measurement could be an estimate of exposure relative to the population for a one-year period in epidemiology studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Xiangmei (May); Bennett, Deborah H.; Moran, Rebecca E.; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Kato, Kayoko] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Strynar, Mark; Andersen, Erik] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Tancredi, Daniel J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tulve, Nicolle S.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, One Shields Ave,MS1C, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM xmwu@phs.ucdavis.edu; dhbennett@ucdavis.edu; aic7@cdc.gov; ktk2@cdc.gov; Strynar.Mark@epa.gov; andersen.erik@epa.gov; rmoran@ucdavis.edu; djtancredi@ucdavis.edu; Tulve.Nicolle@epa.gov; ihp@ucdavis.edu RI Tancredi, Daniel/O-3381-2013 OI Tancredi, Daniel/0000-0002-3884-7907 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) [RD-83154001]; Autism Speaks FX This research was funded by a Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant #RD-83154001 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Environmental sample analysis was conducted by the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development's National Exposure Research Laboratory, and blood sample analysis was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Laboratory (CDC). Data analysis was conducted with funding from Autism Speaks. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 56 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 136 BP 264 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX2DY UT WOS:000346755000033 PM 25460645 ER PT J AU Yeh, HC Lin, YS Kuo, CC Weidemann, D Weaver, V Fadrowski, J Neu, A Navas-Acien, A AF Yeh, Hung-Chieh Lin, Yu-Sheng Kuo, Chin-Chi Weidemann, Darcy Weaver, Virginia Fadrowski, Jeffrey Neu, Alicia Navas-Acien, Ana TI Urine osmolality in the US population: Implications for environmental biomonitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Urine osmolality; Urine creatinine; Biomonitoring; Urine adequacy; Urine dilution ID PROTEIN-OSMOLALITY; ALBUMIN EXCRETION; CREATININE; CHILDREN; DISEASE; VALIDITY; GUIDE; RATIO AB Background: For many environmental chemicals, concentrations in spot urine samples are considered valid surrogates of exposure and internal dose. To correct for urine dilution, spot urine concentrations are commonly adjusted for urinary creatinine. There are, however, several concerns about the use of urine creatinine. While urine osmolality is an attractive alternative; its characteristics and determinants in the general population remain unknown. Our objective was to describe the determinants of urine osmolality and to contrast the difference between osmolality and creatinine in urine. Methods: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2009-2010), 10,769 participants aged 16 years or older with measured urine osmolality and creatinine were used in the analysis. Very dilute and very concentrated urine was defined as urine creatinine lower than 0.3 g/l and higher than 3 g/l, respectively. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations of interest. Results: Urine osmolality and creatinine were highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.75) and their respective median values were 648 mOsm/kg and 1.07 g/l. The prevalence of very dilute and very concentrated urine samples was 8.1% and 3.1%, respectively. Factors associated in the same direction with both urine osmolality and urine creatinine included age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, water intake, and blood osmolality. The magnitude of associations expressed as percent change was significantly stronger with creatinine than osmolality. Compared to urine creatinine, urine osmolality did not vary by diabetes status but was affected by daily total protein intake. Participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had significantly higher urine creatinine concentrations but lower urine osmolality. Both very dilute and concentrated urine were associated with a diverse array of socio-demographic, medical conditions, and dietary factors. For instance, females were approximately 3.3 times more likely to have urine over-dilution than male [the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI)=3.27 (2.10-5.10)]. Conclusion: Although the determinants of urine osmolality were generally similar to those of urine creatinine, the relative influence of socio-demographic and medical conditions was less on urine osmolality than on urine creatinine. Protocols for spot urine sample collection could recommend avoiding excessive and insufficient water intake before urine sampling to improve urine adequacy. The feasibility of adopting urine osmolality adjustment and water intake recommendations before providing spot urine samples for environmental biomonitoring merits further investigation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Chieh; Kuo, Chin-Chi] China Med Univ, China Med Univ Hosp, Kidney Inst, Taichung, Taiwan. [Yeh, Hung-Chieh; Kuo, Chin-Chi] China Med Univ, China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Nephrol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Yeh, Hung-Chieh; Kuo, Chin-Chi] China Med Univ, Coll Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Lin, Yu-Sheng] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Kuo, Chin-Chi; Weidemann, Darcy; Fadrowski, Jeffrey; Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kuo, Chin-Chi; Weaver, Virginia; Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kuo, Chin-Chi; Weaver, Virginia; Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Weidemann, Darcy; Fadrowski, Jeffrey; Neu, Alicia] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, Div Nephrol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Kuo, CC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK079637] NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 136 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX2DY UT WOS:000346755000058 PM 25460670 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF Kopylev, L AF Bateson, Thomas F. Kopylev, Leonid TI Influence of exposure assessment and parameterization on exposure response. Aspects of epidemiologic cohort analysis using the Libby Amphibole asbestos worker cohort SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asbestos; exposure assessment; exposure modeling; Libby MT; lung cancer; vermiculite ID GUIDE RISK-ASSESSMENT; VERMICULITE MINERS; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; POTENCY FACTORS; FIBER BURDEN; MORTALITY; QUALITY AB Recent meta-analyses of occupational epidemiology studies identified two important exposure data quality factors in predicting summary effect measures for asbestos-associated lung cancer mortality risk: sufficiency of job history data and percent coverage of work history by measured exposures. The objective was to evaluate different exposure parameterizations suggested in the asbestos literature using the Libby, MT asbestos worker cohort and to evaluate influences of exposure measurement error caused by historically estimated exposure data on lung cancer risks. Focusing on workers hired after 1959, when job histories were well-known and occupational exposures were predominantly based on measured exposures (85% coverage), we found that cumulative exposure alone, and with allowance of exponential decay, fit lung cancer mortality data similarly. Residence-time-weighted metrics did not fit well. Compared with previous analyses based on the whole cohort of Libby workers hired after 1935, when job histories were less well-known and exposures less frequently measured (47% coverage), our analyses based on higher quality exposure data yielded an effect size as much as 3.6 times higher. Future occupational cohort studies should continue to refine retrospective exposure assessment methods, consider multiple exposure metrics, and explore new methods of maintaining statistical power while minimizing exposure measurement error. C1 [Bateson, Thomas F.; Kopylev, Leonid] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bateson, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mailcode 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bateson.thomas@epa.gov FU National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency FX We are grateful to Patricia Sullivan of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Danielle DeVoney of the US EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and anonymous reviewers. No direct funding for this work was received from any source; general support for this work was provided by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1038/jes.2014.3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AW7GB UT WOS:000346431500003 PM 24496219 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ Janke, R AF Davis, Michael J. Janke, Robert TI Influence of Network Model Detail on Estimated Health Effects of Drinking Water Contamination Events SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water distribution systems; Simulation; Water quality; Drinking water; Public health ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS AB Network model detail can influence the accuracy of results from analyses of water distribution systems. Previous work has shown the limitations of skeletonized network models when considering water quality and hydraulic effects. Loss of model detail is potentially less important for aggregated effects such as the systemwide health effects associated with a contamination event, but has received limited attention. The influence of model detail on such effects is examined here by comparing results obtained for contamination events using three large network models and several skeletonized versions of the models. Loss of model detail decreases the accuracy of estimated aggregated adverse effects related to contamination events. It has the potential to have a large negative influence on the results of consequence assessments and the design of contamination warning systems. However, the adverse influence on analysis results can be minimized by restricting attention to high percentile effects (i.e.,95th percentile or higher). C1 [Davis, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janke, Robert] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mike_davis@anl.gov; janke.robert@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Research and Development; EPA under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Research and Development funded, managed, and participated in the research described here under an interagency agreement. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of EPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was sponsored by the EPA under an interagency agreement through U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 1 AR UNSP 04014044 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000436 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AW5WX UT WOS:000346342800003 ER PT J AU Weber, MA Ringold, PL AF Weber, Matthew A. Ringold, Paul L. TI Priority river metrics for residents of an urbanized arid watershed SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Qualitative research; Focus groups; Depth interviews; Final ecosystem services; Urban ecosystem services; River monitoring ID SENSITIVE TOPICS; DECISION-MAKERS; DESERT CITY; RESTORATION; PERCEPTIONS; INDICATORS; CORRIDORS; QUALITY; VALUES AB In river and stream assessment and management, a persistent question is isolating appropriate indicators of resource condition. We employ qualitative research techniques to identify features of rivers and streams important to the general public in an urbanized arid watershed of the southwestern US, based on interview and focus group data. After detailed analysis of transcriptions, findings were member-checked with new study participants and further revised. Theme frequencies are reported to provide an indication of participants' informational priorities. Recurrent ecological themes were Water, Vegetation, and Fish and Wildlife; recurrent human themes were Garbage and Graffiti, Odor, Infrastructure, Other People, and Noise. Themes are further described along with illustrative quotes from participants. We interpret participant input into actionable metrics which could serve to track resource condition. Results are compared to previous research and current monitoring practice. The findings are particularly relevant for scientists and managers interested in the perspectives on rivers and streams held by residents of urbanized watersheds in arid landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weber, Matthew A.; Ringold, Paul L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Weber, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM weber.matthew@epa.gov; ringold.paul@epa.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 133 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.09.006 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA AW8WQ UT WOS:000346540600004 ER PT J AU Henderson, J Rodgers, C Jones, R Smith, J Strzepek, K Martinich, J AF Henderson, James Rodgers, Charles Jones, Russell Smith, Joel Strzepek, Kenneth Martinich, Jeremy TI Economic impacts of climate change on water resources in the coterminous United States SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Impacts; Economic analysis; Mitigation policy; Water demand; Water resources; Adaptation ID CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; DROUGHT; MODEL AB A national-scale simulation-optimization model was created to generate estimates of economic impacts associated with changes in water supply and demand as influenced by climate change. Water balances were modeled for the 99 assessment sub-regions, and are presented for 18 water resource regions in the United States. Benefit functions are developed for irrigated agriculture, municipal and domestic water use, commercial and industrial water use, and hydroelectric power generation. Environmental flows below minimal levels required for environmental needs are assessed a penalty. As a demonstration of concept for the model, future climate is projected using a climate model ensemble for two greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios: a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in which no new GHG controls are implemented, and an exemplary mitigation policy (POL) scenario in which future GHG emissions are mitigated. Damages are projected to grow less during the 21st century under the POL scenario than the BAU scenario. The largest impacts from climate change are projected to be on non-consumptive uses (e.g., environmental flows and hydropower) and relatively lower-valued consumptive uses (e.g., agriculture), as water is reallocated during reduced water availability conditions to supply domestic, commercial, and industrial uses with higher marginal values. Lower GHG concentrations associated with a mitigation policy will result in a smaller rise in temperature and thus less extensive damage to some water resource uses. However, hydropower, environmental flow penalty, and agriculture were shown to be sensitive to the change in runoff as well. C1 [Henderson, James; Jones, Russell; Smith, Joel] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Rodgers, Charles] Asian Dev Bank, Mandaluyong City, Philippines. [Strzepek, Kenneth] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Martinich, Jeremy] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Henderson, J (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, POB 4059, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. EM jhenderson@stratusconsulting.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs [EP-W-07-072] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs (Contract #EP-W-07-072). NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 EI 1573-1596 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 BP 135 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s11027-013-9483-x PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW6WK UT WOS:000346406000007 ER PT J AU Erickson, DJ Sulzberger, B Zepp, RG Austin, AT AF Erickson, David J., III Sulzberger, Barbara Zepp, Richard G. Austin, Amy T. TI Effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, solar UV radiation, and climate change on biogeochemical cycling: interactions and feedbacks SO PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GREENHOUSE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TIPPING POINTS; SURFACE WATERS AB Climate change modulates the effects of solar UV radiation on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, particularly for carbon cycling, resulting in UV-mediated positive or negative feedbacks on climate. Possible positive feedbacks discussed in this assessment include: (i) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of above ground litter due to aridification; (ii) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of photoreactive dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems due to changes in continental runoff and ice melting; (iii) reduced efficiency of the biological pump due to UV-induced bleaching of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in stratified aquatic ecosystems, where CDOM protects phytoplankton from the damaging solar UV-B radiation. Mineralisation of organic matter results in the production and release of CO2, whereas the biological pump is the main biological process for CO2 removal by aquatic ecosystems. This paper also assesses the interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on the biogeochemical cycling of aerosols and trace gases other than CO2, as well as of chemical and biological contaminants. Interacting effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycles are particularly pronounced at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces. C1 [Erickson, David J., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Earth Sci Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sulzberger, Barbara] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Zepp, Richard G.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Austin, Amy T.] Univ Buenos Aires, Inst Invest Fisiol & Ecol Vinculadas Agr IFEVA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Austin, Amy T.] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Erickson, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Earth Sci Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS 6016, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM d.j.erickson@tds.net OI Austin, Amy/0000-0002-7468-5861 FU U.S. Global Change Research Program; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Agency of Science and Technology of Argentina (ANPCyT) FX D. E. was supported by the U.S. Global Change Research Program and by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC05-00OR22725. B. S. was supported by Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. R. Z. was supported by the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and A. A. was supported by grants from the National Agency of Science and Technology of Argentina (ANPCyT). NR 251 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 12 U2 93 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1474-905X EI 1474-9092 J9 PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI JI Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 127 EP 148 DI 10.1039/c4pp90036g PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA AW9HC UT WOS:000346567000008 PM 25380348 ER PT J AU Ghimire, SR Johnston, JM AF Ghimire, Santosh R. Johnston, John M. BE Karvazy, K Webster, VL TI Traditional Knowledge of Rainwater Harvesting Compared to Five Modern Case Studies SO World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015: Floods, Droughts, and Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Environmental and Water Resources Congress CY MAY 17-21, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm and Water Resources Inst ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; SYSTEM; NEPAL AB The water-energy-food nexus is receiving increased attention worldwide due to climate change and rising population. According to a projection of the United Nations, the global population is expected to increase by a factor of 1.3 by 2050- from 7.2 billion to 9.6-billion with corresponding demands for energy and food. Climate in the future is predicted to be warmer, with more frequent and intense rainfall as well as decreased rainfall reliability for agriculture in water-stressed regions. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been used to meet water demands for millennia. The historical context of RWH is still meaningful today and provides a more informed use of RWH as a climate change adaptation strategy. Our objective is to trace the development of RWH by comparing long-term use of hitis (water-spouts) in Nepal to five modern case studies from the U.S. in NY, FL, TX, IL, and CA. C1 [Ghimire, Santosh R.] US EPA, ORISE, Off Res & Dev Ecosyst Res Div, Postdoctoral Res Participant, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Johnston, John M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ghimire, SR (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, Off Res & Dev Ecosyst Res Div, Postdoctoral Res Participant, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ghimire.Santosh@epa.gov; Johnston.JohnM@epa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7916-2 PY 2015 BP 182 EP 193 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG8ZE UT WOS:000392856300017 ER PT J AU Shilling, F Khan, A Juricich, R Fong, V Hodge, D AF Shilling, Fraser Khan, Abdul Juricich, Rich Fong, Vance Hodge, Don BE Karvazy, K Webster, VL TI Water Sustainability Indicators for California Water Management SO World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015: Floods, Droughts, and Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Environmental and Water Resources Congress CY MAY 17-21, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm and Water Resources Inst AB The Department of Water Resources (DWR) recognizes the importance of long-term sustainability of the state's water systems. As part of the California Water Plan Update 2013, DWR collaboratively developed an analytical framework to quantify water resources sustainability indicators for California. The California Water Sustainability Indicators Framework brings together water sustainability indicators that will inform us about water system conditions and their relationships to ecosystems, social systems, and economic systems. The framework is a comprehensive system for measuring and reporting water sustainability at watershed, regional, and state scales, relative to quantified sustainability targets. An online tool was developed to contain an encyclopedia of over 1,800 sustainability indicators, as well as the results of the use of a select set of indicators at watershed, regional, and state scales as part of Water Plan Update 2013. The Framework is intended to support reporting of indicators to a wide array of water and environmental stakeholders, the public, and decision makers to build knowledge and to enhance adaptive decision making and policy change. C1 [Shilling, Fraser] Univ Calif Davis, Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Khan, Abdul; Juricich, Rich] CA Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. [Fong, Vance] US EPA, Environm Indicator Program, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Hodge, Don] US EPA Reg, Agr Program, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Shilling, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fmshilling@ucdavis.edu; abdul.khan@water.ca.gov; rich.juricich@water.ca.gov; Fong.Vance@EPA.Gov; hodge.don@epa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7916-2 PY 2015 BP 2341 EP 2349 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG8ZE UT WOS:000392856300230 ER PT J AU Sherman, LS Blum, JD Dvonch, JT Gratz, LE Landis, MS AF Sherman, Laura S. Blum, Joel D. Dvonch, J. Timothy Gratz, Lynne E. Landis, Matthew S. TI The use of Pb, Sr, and Hg isotopes in Great Lakes precipitation as a tool for pollution source attribution SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Heavy metals; Stable isotopes; Source attribution; Multivariate statistical receptor modeling; Wet deposition ID MERCURY WET DEPOSITION; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY-METALS; CHICAGO/GARY URBAN AREA; MONTANE FOREST SOILS; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; LEAD ISOTOPES; WEATHERING RATES AB The anthropogenic emission and subsequent deposition of heavy metals including mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) present human health and environmental concerns. Although it is known that local and regional sources of these metals contribute to deposition in the Great Lakes region, it is difficult to trace emissions from point sources to ithpacted sites. Recent studies suggest that metal isotope ratios may be useful for distinguishing between and tracing source emissions. We measured Pb, strontium (Sr), and Hg isotope ratios in daily precipitation samples that were collected at seven sites across the Great Lakes region between 2003 and 2007. Lead isotope ratios ((207)pb/(206)pb = 0.8062 to 0.8554) suggest that Pb deposition was influenced by coal combustion and processing of Mississippi Valley-Type Pb ore deposits. Regional differences in Sr isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.70859 to 0.71155) are likely related to coal fly ash and soil dust. Mercury isotope ratios (delta Hg-202 = -1.13 to 0.13%.) also varied among the sites, likely due to regional differences in coal isotopic composition, and fractionation occurring within industrial facilities and in the atmosphere. These data represent the first combined characterization of Pb, Sr, and Hg isotope ratios in precipitation collected across the Great Lakes region. We demonstrate the utility of multiple metal isotope ratios in parallel with traditional trace element multivariate statistical modeling to enable more complete pollution source attribution. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sherman, Laura S.; Blum, Joel D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dvonch, J. Timothy] Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gratz, Lynne E.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sherman, LS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lsaylors@umich.edu RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; FU University of Michigan Water Center of the Graham Sustainability Institute; University of Michigan [EPD05005]; Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation; EPA through its Office of Research and Development [R-82971601] FX This work was supported in part by the University of Michigan Water Center of the Graham Sustainability Institute, which receives funds from the Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation and the University of Michigan. The EPA through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and participated in this research through cooperative agreement R-82971601 and contract EPD05005 with the University of Michigan. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the EPA. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors are grateful to Jamie Gleason, Marcus Johnson, and Ted Huston for analytical assistance as well as Jim Barres, Frank Marsik, Emily White, Ali Kamal, Naima Hall, and Bian Liu for their dedicated efforts in data collection and interpretation. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. Finally, this research would not have been possible without the oversight, vision, and commitment of the late Jerry Keeler. NR 130 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 11 U2 124 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 502 BP 362 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.034 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU6RZ UT WOS:000345730800039 PM 25265397 ER PT J AU Jauss, V Johnson, M Krull, E Daub, M Lehmann, J AF Jauss, Verena Johnson, Mark Krull, Evelyn Daub, Markus Lehmann, Johannes TI Pyrogenic carbon controls across a soil catena in the Pacific Northwest SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Fire; Pyrogenic carbon; Soil development; Soil organic matter ID SCOTS PINE FORESTS; BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC-CARBON; FIRE REGIMES; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; OXIDATION; MOBILITY; CHARCOAL AB Since turnover times of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) are substantially slower than those of other organic carbon input to soil, it is considered an important constituent of the global C cycle acting as a C sink. In the Pacific Northwest vegetation fires regularly produce PyC, but its accumulation in soils is poorly quantified. Using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) and partial least-squares (PLS) analysis in conjunction with ultraviolet photo-oxidation followed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (UV-NMR) techniques, PyC contents were quantified for samples from soil profiles along a vegetation gradient. Sample locations included different forest types as well as sites under agricultural use. While PyC was most prevalent in the first 0.2 m with 7-24% of total soil organic C (SOC), it could be found in the subsoil of all locations. However, PyC concentrations did not change consistently with soil depth. Stock sizes were lowest at the Turkey Farm (0.71 kg m(-2); 10% of SOC) and Organic Growers Farm (1.14 kg m(-2); 8% of SOC) sites, presumably due to the pervasive combustion of grass and cereals. Among the forested sites, lower stocks were observed at sites with higher mean annual temperature (MAT) and lower mean annual precipitation (MAP) such as Metolius (1.71 kg m(-2); 15% of SOC) and Juniper (1.89 kg m(-2); 26% of SOC). In contrast, the highest PyC stocks were found under cooler and moister conditions at Cascade Head dominated by Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)) (5.66 kg m(-2); 16% of SOC) and Soapgrass Mountain (4.80 kg m(-2); 15% of SOC). PyC was only moderately related to non-PyC SOC, which comprises plant residues, their decomposition products and soil biota (r(2) = 0.61 and 0.44 for SOC with and without PyC, respectively), suggesting largely independent processes influencing production and disappearance. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jauss, Verena; Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Johnson, Mark] Environm Protect Agcy, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Krull, Evelyn] CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Daub, Markus] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Anal Dynam & Modelling, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Atkinson Ctr Sustainable Future, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lehmann, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 909 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM CL273@cornell.edu FU NASA-USDA [2008-35615-18961]; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at Cornell University FX Funding through NASA-USDA award No. 2008-35615-18961 and the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at Cornell University is gratefully acknowledged. For help with fieldwork we would like to thank Sarah Hash (Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University). Many thanks to L.R. Spouncer and Jon Sanderman for help with MIR analyses and data processing. We thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN PY 2015 VL 124 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2014.09.001 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AU3WJ UT WOS:000345541200006 ER PT J AU Williams, WC Copeland, C Boykin, E Quell, SJ Lehmann, DM AF Williams, W. C. Copeland, C. Boykin, E. Quell, S. J. Lehmann, D. M. TI Development and utilization of an ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine local lymph node assay protocol for assessing potential chemical sensitizers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Local lymph node assay; 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU); skin sensitization; ex vivo; platinum ID INTER-LABORATORY VALIDATION; ISOTOPIC END-POINT; ICCVAM EVALUATION; MAXIMIZATION TEST; PLATINUM; POTENCY; ALLERGENS; PERFORMANCE; BRDU; LLNA AB The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is widely used to identify chemicals that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Exposure to a dermal sensitizer results in proliferation of local lymph node T cells, which has traditionally been measured by in vivo incorporation of [H-3]methyl thymidine. A more recent non-isotopic variation of the assay utilizes bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in vivo. To further improve the utility of this assay, we developed an ex vivo BrdU labeling procedure eliminating the need for in vivo injections. The results of this assay correctly identified a strong sensitizer (i.e., trimellitic anhydride) as well as weak/moderate sensitizers (i.e., eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and hexylcinnaminic aldehyde). As anticipated, neither non-sensitizers isopropanol and lactic acid nor the false negative chemical nickel II sulfate hexahydrate induced a positive threshold response in the assay. The results of this assay are in close agreement with those of the in vivo LLNA:BrdU-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay labeling procedure. We also used the ex vivo BrdU LLNA procedure to evaluate ammonium hexachloroplatinate, ammonium tetrachloroplatinate and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and the assay correctly identified them as sensitizers based on the calculation of EC2 values. We conclude that this ex vivo BrdU labeling method offers predictive capacity comparable to previously established LLNA protocols while eliminating animal injections and the use of radioisotope. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is widely used to identify chemicals that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. We developed an ex vivo BrdU-labeling procedure eliminating the need for in vivo injections. The ex vivo BrdU LLNA accurately predicted the sensitization potential of known sensitizers and non-sensitizers. This ex vivo BrdU labeling method offers predictive capacity comparable to previously established LLNA protocols while eliminating animal injections and the use of radioisotope. C1 [Williams, W. C.; Copeland, C.; Boykin, E.; Lehmann, D. M.] US EPA, NHEERL, EPHD, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lehmann, DM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, EPHD, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Mail Drop B105-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lehmann.david@epa.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0260-437X EI 1099-1263 J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1002/jat.2983 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AU4GD UT WOS:000345567300004 PM 24532485 ER PT J AU Thai, SF Wallace, KA Jones, CP Ren, HZ Prasad, RY Ward, WO Kohan, MJ Blackman, CF AF Thai, Sheau-Fung Wallace, Kathleen A. Jones, Carlton P. Ren, Hongzu Prasad, Raju Y. Ward, William O. Kohan, Michael J. Blackman, Carl F. TI Signaling Pathways and MicroRNA Changes in Nano-TiO2 Treated Human Lung Epithelial (BEAS-2B) Cells SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanomaterial; Nano-Titanium Dioxide; mRNA Expression Profiling; Signaling Pathways; MicroRNA Profiling; IPA MicroRNA Target Filter Analysis ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH-FACTOR; CANCER CELLS; MIR-17-92 CLUSTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; THROMBOSPONDIN-1 EXPRESSION; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PROGENITOR CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE AB The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 Degussa p25) treatment of human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) was examined by analyzing changes in messenger [mRNA] and microRNA [miRNA]. BEAS-2B cells were treated with 0, 3, 10, 30 or 100 mu g/ml nano-TiO2 for 1 day (for mRNA analysis) or 3 days (for miRNA analysis). Differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA were analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays and Affymetrix miRNA microarrays, respectively. Although, the tested doses were not cytotoxic, there were alterations in both mRNA and miRNA expression. The expression of mRNA/miRNA changes were examined in MetaCore (GeneGo) and IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) to delineate associated canonical/signaling pathways. Canonical/signaling pathways altered by nano-TiO2 treatments included: cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, calcium signaling, translation, NRF2 mediated oxidative response, IGF1 signaling, RAS signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, BMP signaling, and inflammatory response. Many of the genes in these pathways are known to be regulated by the miRNAs whose expressions were altered by the nano-TiO2 treatment. The miRNA 17-92 cluster and let-7 miRNA family that are involved in lung cancer formation were altered by nano-TiO2 treatment. The miR-17-92 cluster, an oncogenic microRNA cluster, is induced while the tumor suppressor microRNA, let-7 family, is suppressed. The changes of let-7/KRAS signaling pathway was observed in all the doses treated. The observed changes in miRNA expression introduces an additional mechanistic dimension that supports the significance of the observed mRNA expression changes, and demonstrated that the nano-TiO2 in vitro treatment in human lung cells can cause diverse but coordinated pathway alterations associated with changes in in vivo response to tumorigenes. C1 [Thai, Sheau-Fung; Wallace, Kathleen A.; Jones, Carlton P.; Ren, Hongzu; Prasad, Raju Y.; Ward, William O.; Kohan, Michael J.; Blackman, Carl F.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thai, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B105-3, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Blackman, Carl/0000-0003-3267-5224 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 102 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1166/jnn.2015.9202 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT6NA UT WOS:000345054000089 PM 26328389 ER PT J AU Pauer, JJ DePetro, PA Anstead, AM Lehrter, JC AF Pauer, James J. DePetro, Phillip A. Anstead, Amy M. Lehrter, John C. TI Application of a one-dimensional model to explore the drivers and lability of carbon in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Nutrients; Hypoxia; Dissolved organic carbon; Light limitation; Gulf of Mexico ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; COASTAL WATERS; FOOD-WEB; HYPOXIA; NITROGEN; GROWTH; REGION AB A one-dimensional water quality model, Gulf of Mexico Dissolved Oxygen Model (GoMDOM-1D), was developed to simulate phytoplankton, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The model was calibrated and corroborated against a comprehensive set of field observations and process measurements. Model results fit measured nutrients and phytoplankton concentrations well, but the model was unable to sustain dissolved organic carbon and water-column respiration at measured levels. The decline in modeled dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and respiration supports the notion that autochthonous production of DOC was insufficient to offset the respiratory demand from bacterial processes for the most of the Louisiana continental shelf. Transport of carbon from high production areas close to the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plumes likely supplied a part of the respiratory demand of the water column. Modeling results showed that DOC in the study area on the Louisiana shelf was very labile with the highest lability during the month of June, and decreased lability in April. Primary production at the study sites was mainly nitrogen limited, although phosphorus limitation was found in the surface layers for the areas most impacted by the Mississippi River plume. The model also provided insights into the interplay between nutrients and light in regulating phytoplankton production, which is important when predicting the location and extent of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pauer, James J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [DePetro, Phillip A.] ICF Int, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Lehrter, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Pauer, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM pauer.james@epa.gov NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 24 PY 2014 VL 294 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.007 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8BG UT WOS:000345821100007 ER PT J AU McConnell, ER Bell, SM Cote, I Wang, RL Perkins, EJ Garcia-Reyero, N Gong, P Burgoon, LD AF McConnell, Emma R. Bell, Shannon M. Cote, Ila Wang, Rong-Lin Perkins, Edward J. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Gong, Ping Burgoon, Lyle D. TI Systematic Omics Analysis Review (SOAR) Tool to Support Risk Assessment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Review ID GENE-EXPRESSION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; DIESEL EXHAUST; TRANSCRIPTOME; TCDD; MICROARRAY; EXPOSURE; CELLS AB Environmental health risk assessors are challenged to understand and incorporate new data streams as the field of toxicology continues to adopt new molecular and systems biology technologies. Systematic screening reviews can help risk assessors and assessment teams determine which studies to consider for inclusion in a human health assessment. A tool for systematic reviews should be standardized and transparent in order to consistently determine which studies meet minimum quality criteria prior to performing in-depth analyses of the data. The Systematic Omics Analysis Review (SOAR) tool is focused on assisting risk assessment support teams in performing systematic reviews of transcriptomic studies. SOAR is a spreadsheet tool of 35 objective questions developed by domain experts, focused on transcriptomic microarray studies, and including four main topics: test system, test substance, experimental design, and microarray data. The tool will be used as a guide to identify studies that meet basic published quality criteria, such as those defined by the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment standard and the Toxicological Data Reliability Assessment Tool. Seven scientists were recruited to test the tool by using it to independently rate 15 published manuscripts that study chemical exposures with microarrays. Using their feedback, questions were weighted based on importance of the information and a suitability cutoff was set for each of the four topic sections. The final validation resulted in 100% agreement between the users on four separate manuscripts, showing that the SOAR tool may be used to facilitate the standardized and transparent screening of microarray literature for environmental human health risk assessment. C1 [McConnell, Emma R.; Bell, Shannon M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cote, Ila] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Arlington, VA USA. [Wang, Rong-Lin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Dept Army, Dept Def, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS USA. [Gong, Ping] SpecPro Inc, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Burgoon, Lyle D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Burgoon, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Burgoon.Lyle@epa.gov OI Burgoon, Lyle/0000-0003-4977-5352 FU US EPA's Human Health Risk Assessment Program; SpecPro, Inc FX This work was funded by the US EPA's Human Health Risk Assessment Program. The funders had no role in study design, or data collection and analysis. EPA management cleared the manuscript for publication, which included helpful suggestions that improved the overall quality of the manuscript, consistent with the US EPA Scientific Integrity Policy. Co-author Ping Gong is employed by SpecPro, Inc. SpecPro, Inc provided support in the form of salary for author PG, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 22 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR UNSP e110379 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0110379 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA3ZY UT WOS:000348845100002 PM 25531884 ER PT J AU Brantley, HL Thoma, ED Squier, WC Guven, BB Lyon, D AF Brantley, Halley L. Thoma, Eben D. Squier, William C. Guven, Birnur B. Lyon, David TI Assessment of Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas Production Pads using Mobile Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS AB A new mobile methane emissions inspection approach, Other Test Method (OTM) 33A, was used to quantify short-term emission rates from 210 oil and gas production pads during eight two-week field studies in Texas, Colorado, and Wyoming from 2010 to 2013. Emission rates were log-normally distributed with geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 0.33 (0.23, 0.48), 0.14 (0.11, 0.19), and 0.59 (0.47, 0.74) g/s in the Barnett, Denver-Julesburg, and Pinedale basins, respectively. This study focused on sites with emission rates above 0.01 g/s and included short-term (i.e., condensate tank flashing) and maintenance-related emissions. The results fell within the upper ranges of the distributions observed in recent onsite direct measurement studies. Considering data across all basins, a multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship of methane emissions to well age, gas production, and hydrocarbon liquids (oil or condensate) production. Methane emissions were positively correlated with gas production, but only approximately 10% of the variation in emission rates was explained by variation in production levels. The weak correlation between emission and production rates may indicate that maintenance-related stochastic variables and design of production and control equipment are factors determining emissions. C1 [Brantley, Halley L.; Thoma, Eben D.; Squier, William C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Guven, Birnur B.] Houston Adv Res Ctr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Lyon, David] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA ORD's Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE); Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) programs; Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation; Bill and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; TomKat Charitable Trust; Walton Family Foundation FX We thank Shahrooz Amin and Mark Modrak with ARCADIS, Inc., for field and data analysis support for this project. We would like to thank EPA colleagues Bill Mitchell, Adam Eisele, Mike Miller, Jason DeWees, Robin Segall, and Ken Garing and his team for ongoing support in development of OTM 33. Special thanks to Eric Crosson, Chris Rella, and Tracy Tsai with Picarro for ongoing collaboration on mobile measurements. Primary funding for this effort was provided by U.S. EPA ORD's Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE) and Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) programs. Funding for the Environmental Defense Fund's methane research series, including this work, is provided for by Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation, Bill and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, TomKat Charitable Trust, and the Walton Family Foundation. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14508 EP 14515 DI 10.1021/es503070q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100054 PM 25375308 ER PT J AU George, IJ Hays, MD Snow, R Faircloth, J George, BJ Long, T Baldauf, RW AF George, Ingrid J. Hays, Michael D. Snow, Richard Faircloth, James George, Barbara J. Long, Thomas Baldauf, Richard W. TI Cold Temperature and Biodiesel Fuel Effects on Speciated Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Diesel Trucks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNREGULATED EMISSIONS; POLLUTANT EMISSIONS; DRIVING CYCLES; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; PASSENGER CAR; BLENDS; VEHICLE; CARBONYL; PARTICULATE; GASOLINE AB Speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in diesel exhaust from three heavy-duty trucks equipped with modern aftertreatment technologies. Emissions testing was conducted on a chassis dynamometer at two ambient temperatures (-7 and 22 degrees C) operating on two fuels (ultra low sulfur diesel and 20% soy biodiesel blend) over three driving cycles: cold start, warm start and heavy-duty urban dynamometer driving cycle. VOCs were measured separately for each drive cycle. Carbonyls such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde dominated VOC emissions, making up similar to 72% of the sum of the speciated VOC emissions (Sigma VOCs) overall. Biodiesel use led to minor reductions in aromatics and variable changes in carbonyls. Cold temperature and cold start conditions caused dramatic enhancements in VOC emissions, mostly carbonyls, compared to the warmer temperature and other drive cycles, respectively. Different 2007+ aftertreatment technologies involving catalyst regeneration led to significant modifications of VOC emissions that were compound-specific and highly dependent on test conditions. A comparison of this work with emission rates from different diesel engines under various test conditions showed that these newer technologies resulted in lower emission rates of aromatic compounds. However, emissions of other toxic partial combustion products such as carbonyls were not reduced in the modern diesel vehicles tested. C1 [George, Ingrid J.; Hays, Michael D.; Snow, Richard; Faircloth, James; Long, Thomas; Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [George, Barbara J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14782 EP 14789 DI 10.1021/es502949a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100086 PM 25393130 ER PT J AU Hubbell, B Greenbaum, D AF Hubbell, Bryan Greenbaum, Daniel TI Counterpoint: Moving From Potential-Outcomes Thinking to Doing-Changing Research Planning to Enable Successful Health Outcomes Research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accountability; air pollution; health outcomes; regulations AB The potential-outcomes framework is an appealing new approach that imposes a degree of formal conceptual modeling beyond traditional epidemiologic methods for assessing associations between air pollution and health. However, it introduces a number of additional factors to consider when selecting intervention and especially control conditions that call for forward-thinking research designs. We propose that researchers seeking to implement the potential-outcomes framework consider the use of prospective designs that provide more opportunities to establish well-defined intervention and control populations and determine causal relationships between air quality and health. In implementing these prospective research designs, collaboration between researchers and those who implement the interventions can improve the understanding of how a planned intervention actually occurs, thereby improving the characterization of emissions and air quality responses to the intervention. By looking ahead, epidemiologists can take advantage of upcoming regulatory interventions to design successful health outcomes research programs. C1 [Hubbell, Bryan] US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Greenbaum, Daniel] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. RP Hubbell, B (reprint author), US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, MD 504-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubbell.bryan@epa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 180 IS 12 BP 1141 EP 1144 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu266 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AW6ZN UT WOS:000346414300002 PM 25399413 ER PT J AU Goltz, MN Huang, JQ AF Goltz, Mark N. Huang, Junqi TI Reply to comment on "Validation of two innovative methods to measure contaminant mass flux in groundwater" by Goltz et al. (2009) SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Groundwater flow; Pump test; Modeling C1 [Goltz, Mark N.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, Junqi] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, ENV, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.goltz@afit.edu; huang.junqi@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 171 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.014 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AW6RO UT WOS:000346396400009 PM 25453250 ER PT J AU Ziegler, AD Sidle, RC Phang, VXH Wood, SH Tantasirin, C AF Ziegler, Alan D. Sidle, R. C. Phang, Valerie X. H. Wood, Spencer H. Tantasirin, Chatchai TI Bedload transport in SE Asian streams-Uncertainties and implications for reservoir management SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bedload-to-sediment ratio; Sediment yield; Road impacts; Mass wasting; Dam building; Agriculture intensification ID GRAVEL-BED STREAM; HELLEY-SMITH SAMPLERS; HORTON OVERLAND-FLOW; NORTHERN THAILAND; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL; PENINSULAR MALAYSIA; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; LOAD TRANSPORT AB This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding bedload transport in SE Asian streams and presents the results from a case study on bedload transport in a mountain stream in northern Thailand. Together, the review and new data help contextualize the paucity of work done in the region in the face of a rapid increase in development and reservoir building throughout SE Asia. Data from both the reviewed studies and the case study indicate that bedload transport in many SE Asian streams (e.g. catchment areas < 100 km(2)) is often much higher than is commonly assumed for tropical streams (i.e., about 10% of the total sediment load). Estimated annual bedload proportion was 18% of the total annual sediment load in the 74-km(2) Mae Sa Catchment in northern Thailand. Bedload transport rates ranged from 0.001 to 1.1 kg s(-1); and measured total suspended solid (TSS) rates ranged from 0.01 to 39 kg s(-1), equivalent to TSS concentrations of 20 to 14,000 mg I-1 (associated with flows ranging from 0.4 to 30 m(3) s(-1)). Event and annual loads of bedload and TSS were determined from rating curves based on automated measurements of discharge and turbidity (for TSS only). When taking uncertainty into account, the estimated range for the bedload proportion of total sediment load was 9-25% (equivalent to a yield of 81-279 Mg km(-2)y(-1)). The corresponding TSS yield estimate ranged from 649 to 1037 Mg km(-2); and the total sediment load is an estimated 730-1313 Mg km(-2)y(-1). The proportion of bedload was lower than that reported in some other Asia streams, probably due to the occurrence of extended periods with high TSS that dampened the bedload signal, which was sand-dominated during the low-energy events that were sampled. Nevertheless, the bedload rate was generally higher than for most SE Asian locations, likely due to the occurrence of several road-related landslides the previous year. Although we were not able to measure bedload transport for high energy flows (discharges > 4.5 m(3) s(-1)), we believe our upper estimates for bedload variables (25% of the total sediment load; and a yield of 279 Mg Km(-2) y(-1)) provide reasonable upper bounds. Finally, the bulk of bedload transport is episodic in nature, with a higher proportion moved during high energy tropical storms that occur late in the monsoon rainy season, as well as in response to both natural and anthropogenic landscape disturbances. The possibility that bedload proportion could exceed 20-40% for rivers and streams of various sizes reinforces the need for accurate estimates of both bedload and suspended solid loads prior to building dams in the region. Past examples of reservoir closure following rapid infilling possibly stem from underestimating sediment loads, particularly the bedload component, and failing to factor in the very high sediment loads associated with large storm events. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ziegler, Alan D.; Phang, Valerie X. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 117568, Singapore. [Sidle, R. C.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Wood, Spencer H.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Tantasirin, Chatchai] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Conservat, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Ziegler, AD (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117568, Singapore. EM geoadz@nus.edu.sg FU APN [ARCP2006-07NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY]; SARCS [95/01/CW-005]; NASA [IDS/0365-0079]; NSF [EAR-0000546] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the following agencies APN (ARCP2006-07NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY), SARCS (95/01/CW-005), NASA (IDS/0365-0079), NSF (EAR-0000546). Special thanks is given to our colleagues Jefferson M Fox, Thomas W. Giambelluca, and Mike A Nullet, who were instrumental in the establishment of monitoring network at Mae Sa. We also thank R.J. Wasson for comments on the manuscript. This document has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 141 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 227 SI SI BP 31 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.015 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AR5KP UT WOS:000343624000004 ER PT J AU Jagai, JS Smith, GS Schmid, JE Wade, TJ AF Jagai, Jyotsna S. Smith, Genee S. Schmid, Judith E. Wade, Timothy J. TI Trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality in the United States, 1985-2005: variations by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes SO BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gastroenteritis; Mortality; Intestinal infections ID INCREASING ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; DISEASES; DEATHS; AGENTS; CARE AB Background: Trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality are changing over time with development of antibiotic resistant strains of certain pathogens, improved diagnostic methods, and changing healthcare. In 1999, ICD-10 coding was introduced for mortality records which can also affect trends. We assess trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality and changes associated with coding. Methods: Trends in gastroenteritis-associated mortality rates in the United States were examined using the National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause-of-Death Mortality databases for 1985-2005. All deaths with the underlying cause or any contributing cause included gastroenteritis were included. Cases were selected based on ICD9 (pre-1999) and ICD10 (1999-2005) codes and all analyses were stratified by ICD usage. Annual trends in age adjusted mortality rates were assessed using linear regression spline analysis. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Poisson regression adjusted for age group, sex, race, and region. Results: There were a total of 190,674 deaths related to gastroenteritis in the U.S. from 1985-2005 with an average of 9,080 per year. During this time the percent of deaths related to gastroenteritis more than tripled, increasing from 0.25% to 0.80% of all deaths. Though the time periods varied in length, we demonstrate a significant increase in slope from a 0.0054% annual increase during the period 1985-1998, when ICD-9 coding was used, to a 0.0550% annual increase during 1999-2005, when ICD-10 coding was used. For both time periods, the oldest age group (75+ years) demonstrated the highest risk of death due to gastroenteritis. Additionally, males demonstrated higher risk than females and blacks were at higher risk than whites for death due to gastroenteritis. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates the public health burden of gastroenteritis-associated mortality in the United States and changes in trends due to change from ICD-9 to ICD-10 coding. The overall rate of gastroenteritis-associated mortality has more than tripled over the 21-year period from 1985 to 2005 and the primary burden of deaths due to gastroenteritis is in the elderly population. C1 [Jagai, Jyotsna S.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. [Smith, Genee S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Schmid, Judith E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Cores Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jagai, Jyotsna S.; Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div,Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jagai, JS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. EM jjagai2@uic.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-230X J9 BMC GASTROENTEROL JI BMC Gastroenterol. PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 211 DI 10.1186/s12876-014-0211-0 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA AX2AF UT WOS:000346744800002 PM 25492520 ER PT J AU Baig, RBN Varma, RS AF Baig, R. B. Nasir Varma, Rajender S. TI Magnetic Silica-Supported Palladium Catalyst: Synthesis of Allyl Aryl Ethers in Water SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RECYCLABLE CATALYST; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; EFFICIENT; ALCOHOLS; ETHERIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES; ARYLATION; COMPLEX AB A simple and benign procedure for the synthesis of aryl allyl ethers has been developed using phenols, allyl acetates, and magnetically recyclable silica-supported palladium catalyst in water; the performance of the reaction in air and easy separation of the catalyst using an external magnet are sustainable attributes of the reaction. C1 [Baig, R. B. Nasir; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@.epa.gov FU Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX R.B.N.B. was supported by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 49 BP 18625 EP 18629 DI 10.1021/ie501081q PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA AW5NR UT WOS:000346322200004 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Bencic, DC Garcia-Reyero, N Perkins, EJ Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Biales, AD AF Wang, Rong-Lin Bencic, David C. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Perkins, Edward J. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Biales, Adam D. TI Natural Variation in Fish Transcriptomes: Comparative Analysis of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; NOISE; CONSEQUENCES; MECHANISMS; PLATFORMS; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION; VARIANCE; PROFILES; PATTERNS AB Fathead minnow and zebrafish are among the most intensively studied fish species in environmental toxicogenomics. To aid the assessment and interpretation of subtle transcriptomic effects from treatment conditions of interest, better characterization and understanding are needed for natural variation in gene expression among fish individuals from lab cultures. Leveraging the transcriptomics data from a number of our toxicogenomics studies conducted over the years, we conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 600 microarrays generated from the ovary tissue of untreated, reproductively mature fathead minnow and zebrafish samples. As expected, there was considerable batch-to-batch transcriptomic variation; this "batch-effect'' appeared to differentially impact subsets of fish transcriptomes in a nonsystematic way. Temporally more closely spaced batches tended to share a greater transcriptomic similarity among one another. The overall level of within-batch variation was quite low in fish ovary tissue, making it a suitable system for studying chemical stressors with subtle biological effects. The observed differences in the within-batch variability of gene expression, at the levels of both individual genes and pathways, were probably both technical and biological. This suggests that biological interpretation and prioritization of genes and pathways targeted by experimental conditions should take into account both their intrinsic variability and the size of induced transcriptional changes. There was significant conservation of both the genomes and transcriptomes between fathead minnow and zebrafish. The high degree of conservation offers promising opportunities in not only studying fish molecular responses to environmental stressors by a comparative biology approach, but also effective sharing of a large amount of existing public transcriptomics data for developing toxicogenomics applications. C1 [Wang, Rong-Lin; Bencic, David C.; Biales, Adam D.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS USA. [Perkins, Edward J.] US Army Corps Engn, US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Wang, Rong-Lin; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wang.rong-lin@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA; U.S. Army [BAA 11-4838] FX Funding was provided by U.S. EPA and U.S. Army (grant BAA 11-4838). The manuscript has been approved for publication by U.S. EPA and U.S. Army Corps Chief of Engineers. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114178 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114178 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW9YP UT WOS:000346611400034 PM 25493933 ER PT J AU Tufts, JAM Meyer, KM Calfee, MW Lee, SD AF Tufts, Jenia A. M. Meyer, Kathryn M. Calfee, Michael Worth Lee, Sang Don TI Composite Sampling of a Bacillus anthracis Surrogate with Cellulose Sponge Surface Samplers from a Nonporous Surface SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; STAINLESS-STEEL; SPORES; SURVIVAL AB A series of experiments was conducted to explore the utility of composite-based collection of surface samples for the detection of a Bacillus anthracis surrogate using cellulose sponge samplers on a nonporous stainless steel surface. Two composite-based collection approaches were evaluated over a surface area of 3716 cm(2) (four separate 929 cm(2) areas), larger than the 645 cm(2) prescribed by the standard Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention cellulose sponge sampling protocol for use on nonporous surfaces. The CDC method was also compared to a modified protocol where only one surface of the sponge sampler was used for each of the four areas composited. Differences in collection efficiency compared to positive controls and the potential for contaminant transfer for each protocol were assessed. The impact of the loss of wetting buffer from the sponge sampler onto additional surface areas sampled was evaluated. Statistical tests of the results using ANOVA indicate that the collection of composite samples using the modified sampling protocol is comparable to the collection of composite samples using the standard CDC protocol (p = 0.261). Most of the surface-bound spores are collected on the first sampling pass, suggesting that multiple passes with the sponge sampler over the same surface may be unnecessary. The effect of moisture loss from the sponge sampler on collection efficiency was not significant (p = 0.720) for both methods. Contaminant transfer occurs with both sampling protocols, but the magnitude of transfer is significantly greater when using the standard protocol than when the modified protocol is used (p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that composite surface sampling, by either method presented here, could successfully be used to increase the surface area sampled per sponge sampler, resulting in reduced sampling times in the field and decreased laboratory processing cost and turn-around times. C1 [Tufts, Jenia A. M.; Meyer, Kathryn M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Tufts, Jenia A. M.; Meyer, Kathryn M.; Calfee, Michael Worth; Lee, Sang Don] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Calfee, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM calfee.worth@epa.gov FU US EPA through an Interagency Agreement; US Department of Energy's ORISE program; US EPA; ORISE FX This work was funded by the US EPA through an Interagency Agreement with the US Department of Energy's ORISE program. Authors MWC and SDL received salary funds from the US EPA; JAT and KM received fellowship stipends through ORISE. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114082 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114082 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA7WS UT WOS:000349128700068 PM 25470365 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Ho, KT Scheckel, KG Wu, FC Cantwell, MG Katz, DR Horowitz, DB Boothman, WS Burgess, RM AF Wang, Huanhua Ho, Kay T. Scheckel, Kirk G. Wu, Fengchang Cantwell, Mark G. Katz, David R. Horowitz, Doranne Borsay Boothman, Warren S. Burgess, Robert M. TI Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Biotransformation of Silver Nanoparticles in Marine Organisms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; SEDIMENTS; POLYCHAETE; IMPACT; BIOAVAILABILITY; FATE; AGGREGATION AB The toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated silver nanoparticles (NPs) (AgNP-citrate and AgNP-PVP) in marine organisms via marine sediment exposure was investigated. Results from 7-d sediment toxicity tests indicate that AgNP-citrate and AgNP-PVP did not exhibit toxicity to the amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) and mysid (Americamysis bahia) at <= 75 mg/kg dry wt. A 28-d bioaccumulation study showed that Ag was significantly accumulated in the marine polychaete Nereis virens (N. virens) in the AgNP-citrate, AgNP-PVP and a conventional salt (AgNO3) treatments. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results showed the distribution of Ag species in marine sediments amended with AgNP-citrate, AgNP-PVP, and AgNO3 was AgCl (50-65%) > Ag2S (32-42%) > Ag metal (Ag-0) (3-11%). In N virens, AgCl (25-59%) and Ag2S (10-31%) generally decreased and, Ag metal (32-44%) increased, relative to the sediments. The patterns of speciation in the worm were different depending upon the coating of the AgNP and both types of AgNPs were different than the AgNO3 salt. These results show that the AgNP surface capping agents influenced Ag uptake, biotransformation, and/or excretion. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the bioaccumulation and speciation of AgNPs in a marine organism (N. virens). C1 [Wang, Huanhua; Ho, Kay T.; Cantwell, Mark G.; Katz, David R.; Horowitz, Doranne Borsay; Boothman, Warren S.; Burgess, Robert M.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Wang, Huanhua; Wu, Fengchang] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ho.kay@epa.gov; wufengchang@vip.skleg.cn RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU U.S. EPA as a National Research Council postdoctoral research associate; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences; NSERC; University of Washington; Canadian Light Source; Advanced Photon Source; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX H. Wang was supported by the U.S. EPA as a National Research Council postdoctoral research associate. The authors wish to thank Drs. Todd Luxton, Walter Berry, and Shibin Li of the USEPA for their insightful reviews of this manuscript. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Sector 20 facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a Major Resources Support grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, the Canadian Light Source, and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors wish to thank Dr. Dale L. Brewe and Dr. Robert Gordon for assistance in X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence mapping at beamline 20-ID-B,C of PNC/XSD facilities. This research has been subject to U.S. EPA peer review; however, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names of commercial products and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is ORD # 007579. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 23 BP 13711 EP 13717 DI 10.1021/es502976y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU7TN UT WOS:000345803800019 PM 25369427 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, PJ Sykes, K George, DR AF Whitehouse, Peter J. Sykes, Kathy George, Daniel R. TI Ecological Change and Aging: A Need to Think Deeply and Act Quickly SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Whitehouse, Peter J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Shaker Hts, OH 44122 USA. [Sykes, Kathy] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [George, Daniel R.] Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. RP Whitehouse, PJ (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, 2895 Carlton Rd, Shaker Hts, OH 44122 USA. EM peter.whitehouse@case.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0091-4150 EI 1541-3535 J9 INT J AGING HUM DEV JI Int. J. Aging Human Dev. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1177/0091415015591106 PG 7 WC Gerontology; Psychology, Developmental SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA CP2QR UT WOS:000359722600001 PM 26215295 ER PT J AU Goh, V Yap, HM Gutierrez, RA Ng, LC Vesper, SS AF Goh, V Yap, H. M. Gutierrez, R. A. Ng, L. C. Vesper, S. S. TI DNA-Based Analyses of Molds in Singapore Public Buildings Results in a Proposed Singapore Environmental Relative Moldiness Index SO TROPICAL BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS AB Dust samples (n=75) were collected from shopping malls, hotels and libraries in Singapore and then analyzed using Mold Specific Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSQPCR) for the 36 molds that make up the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI). Most of these molds (23/36) occur at similar rates in Singapore and the United States. A Singapore Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (SERMI) is proposed which might be divided into low (<18), medium (18 to 28) and high (>28) mold burden categories but more samples will help to refine these categories. C1 [Goh, V; Yap, H. M.; Gutierrez, R. A.; Ng, L. C.] Natl Environm Agcy, Environm Hlth Inst, Singapore 138667, Singapore. [Vesper, S. S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ng, LC (reprint author), Natl Environm Agcy, Environm Hlth Inst, 11 Biopolis Way,06-05-08 Helios Block, Singapore 138667, Singapore. EM ng_lee_ching@nea.gov.sg FU Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR), Environmental Innovation Funds [EIF 038] FX This research was supported by the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR), Environmental Innovation Funds (EIF 038). We would like to thank the shopping malls, libraries and hotels, which have kindly agreed to participate in this study. The National Environment Agency of Singapore would also like to express their heartfelt thanks to Dr Stephen Vesper, Environmental Protection Agency, United States, for his dedicated collaboration and guidance in the project. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU MALAYSIAN SOC PARASITOLOGY TROPICAL MEDICINE PI KUALA LUMPUR PA C/O INST MEDICAL REEARCH, JALAN PAHANG, KUALA LUMPUR, 50588, MALAYSIA SN 0127-5720 J9 TROP BIOMED JI Trop. Biomed. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CB6CJ UT WOS:000349714200010 PM 25776591 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener and Sustainable Chemistry SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASSISTED ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; BENIGN REACTION MEDIA; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; MICROWAVE; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3417 J9 APPL SCI-BASEL JI Appl. Sci.-Basel PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 4 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.3390/app4040493 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CA3ZP UT WOS:000348844200002 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Crump, D Garcia-Reyero, N Hecker, M Hutchinson, TH LaLone, CA Landesmann, B Lettieri, T Munn, S Nepelska, M Ottinger, MA Vergauwen, L Whelan, M AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Crump, Doug Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Hecker, Markus Hutchinson, Thomas H. LaLone, Carlie A. Landesmann, Brigitte Lettieri, Teresa Munn, Sharon Nepelska, Malgorzata Ottinger, Mary Ann Vergauwen, Lucia Whelan, Maurice TI Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Development I: Strategies and Principles SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adverse outcome pathway; regulatory toxicology; predictive toxicology; extrapolation; knowledgebase ID DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IPCS FRAMEWORK; MODE; IDENTIFICATION; PRIORITIZATION; RELEVANCE; HUMANS AB An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual framework that organizes existing knowledge concerning biologically plausible, and empirically supported, links between molecular-level perturbation of a biological system and an adverse outcome at a level of biological organization of regulatory relevance. Systematic organization of information into AOP frameworks has potential to improve regulatory decision-making through greater integration and more meaningful use of mechanistic data. However, for the scientific community to collectively develop a useful AOP knowledgebase that encompasses toxicological contexts of concern to human health and ecological risk assessment, it is critical that AOPs be developed in accordance with a consistent set of core principles. Based on the experiences and scientific discourse among a group of AOP practitioners, we propose a set of five fundamental principles that guide AOP development: (1) AOPs are not chemical specific; (2) AOPs are modular and composed of reusable components-notably key events (KEs) and key event relationships (KERs); (3) an individual AOP, composed of a single sequence of KEs and KERs, is a pragmatic unit of AOP development and evaluation; (4) networks composed of multiple AOPs that share common KEs and KERs are likely to be the functional unit of prediction for most real-world scenarios; and (5) AOPs are living documents that will evolve over time as new knowledge is generated. The goal of the present article was to introduce some strategies for AOP development and detail the rationale behind these 5 key principles. Consideration of these principles addresses many of the current uncertainties regarding the AOP framework and its application and is intended to foster greater consistency in AOP development. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; LaLone, Carlie A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Crump, Doug] Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hutchinson, Thomas H.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [LaLone, Carlie A.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Landesmann, Brigitte; Lettieri, Teresa; Munn, Sharon; Nepelska, Malgorzata; Whelan, Maurice] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Vergauwen, Lucia] Univ Antwerp, Dept Vet Sci, Zebrafishlab, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov OI Vergauwen, Lucia/0000-0002-6534-7473 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 10 U2 74 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu199 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800001 PM 25466378 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Crump, D Garcia-Reyero, N Hecker, M Hutchinson, TH LaLone, CA Landesmann, B Lettieri, T Munn, S Nepelska, M Ottinger, MA Vergauwen, L Whelan, M AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Crump, Doug Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Hecker, Markus Hutchinson, Thomas H. LaLone, Carlie A. Landesmann, Brigitte Lettieri, Teresa Munn, Sharon Nepelska, Malgorzata Ottinger, Mary Ann Vergauwen, Lucia Whelan, Maurice TI Adverse Outcome Pathway Development II: Best Practices SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adverse outcome pathway; regulatory toxicology; predictive toxicology; extrapolation; knowledgebase ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IPCS FRAMEWORK; TOXICITY; CONSERVATION; TARGETS; MODE; 21ST-CENTURY; REACTIVITY AB Organization of existing and emerging toxicological knowledge into adverse outcome pathway (AOP) descriptions can facilitate greater application of mechanistic data, including those derived through high-throughput in vitro, high content omics and imaging, and biomarker approaches, in risk-based decision making. The previously ad hoc process of AOP development is being formalized through development of internationally harmonized guidance and principles. The goal of this article was to outline the information content desired for formal AOP description and some rules of thumb and best practices intended to facilitate reuse and connectivity of elements of an AOP description in a knowledgebase and network context. For example, key events (KEs) are measurements of change in biological state that are indicative of progression of a perturbation toward a specified adverse outcome. Best practices for KE description suggest that each KE should be defined as an independent measurement made at a particular level of biological organization. The concept of "functional equivalence" can help guide both decisions about how many KEs to include in an AOP and the specificity with which they are defined. Likewise, in describing both KEs and evidence that supports a causal linkage or statistical association between them (ie, a key event relationship; KER), best practice is to build from and contribute to existing KE or KER descriptions in the AOP knowledgebase rather than creating redundant descriptions. The best practices proposed address many of the challenges and uncertainties related to AOP development and help promote a consistent and reliable, yet flexible approach. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; LaLone, Carlie A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Crump, Doug] Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hutchinson, Thomas H.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [LaLone, Carlie A.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Landesmann, Brigitte; Lettieri, Teresa; Munn, Sharon; Nepelska, Malgorzata; Whelan, Maurice] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Vergauwen, Lucia] Univ Antwerp, Dept Vet Sci, Zebrafishlab, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov OI Vergauwen, Lucia/0000-0002-6534-7473 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 43 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu200 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800002 PM 25466379 ER PT J AU Snow, SJ McGee, J Miller, DB Bass, V Schladweiler, MC Thomas, RF Krantz, T King, C Ledbetter, AD Richards, J Weinstein, JP Conner, T Willis, R Linak, WP Nash, D Wood, CE Elmore, SA Morrison, JP Johnson, CL Gilmour, MI Kodavanti, UP AF Snow, Samantha J. McGee, John Miller, Desinia B. Bass, Virginia Schladweiler, Mette C. Thomas, Ronald F. Krantz, Todd King, Charly Ledbetter, Allen D. Richards, Judy Weinstein, Jason P. Conner, Teri Willis, Robert Linak, William P. Nash, David Wood, Charles E. Elmore, Susan A. Morrison, James P. Johnson, Crystal L. Gilmour, Matthew Ian Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Inhaled Diesel Emissions Generated with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additive Induce Adverse Pulmonary and Systemic Effects SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust; cerium oxide; cardiopulmonary; nanoparticle ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EXHAUST INHALATION; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; PARTICLES; CELLS AB Diesel exhaust (DE) exposure induces adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Cerium oxide nanoparticles added to diesel fuel (DECe) increases fuel burning efficiency but leads to altered emission characteristics and potentially altered health effects. Here, we evaluated whether DECe results in greater adverse pulmonary effects compared with DE. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air, DE, or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days. N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity was increased in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats exposed to DECe but not DE. There were also marginal but insignificant increases in several other lung injury biomarkers in both exposure groups (DECe>DE for all). To further characterize DECe toxicity, rats in a second study were exposed to filtered air or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks. Tissue analysis indicated a concentration-and time-dependent accumulation of lung and liver cerium followed by a delayed clearance. The gas-phase and high concentration of DECe increased lung inflammation at the 2-day time point, indicating that gas-phase components, in addition to particles, contribute to pulmonary toxicity. This effect was reduced at 4 weeks except for a sustained increase in BALF gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy revealed increased alveolar septa thickness due to edema and increased numbers of pigmented macrophages after DECe exposure. Collectively, these findings indicate that DECe induces more adverse pulmonary effects on a mass basis than DE. In addition, lung accumulation of cerium, systemic translocation to the liver, and delayed clearance are added concerns to existing health effects of DECe. C1 [Snow, Samantha J.; Miller, Desinia B.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Snow, Samantha J.; McGee, John; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Thomas, Ronald F.; Krantz, Todd; King, Charly; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Richards, Judy; Gilmour, Matthew Ian; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bass, Virginia] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Weinstein, Jason P.; Conner, Teri; Willis, Robert] US EPA, Environm Characterizat & Apportionment Branch, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Linak, William P.; Nash, David] US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nash, David] Arcadis US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Wood, Charles E.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Elmore, Susan A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Morrison, James P.; Johnson, Crystal L.] Pathol Associates Inc, Charles River Labs, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Snow, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, NHEERL, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM snow.samantha@epa.gov OI Bass, Virginia/0000-0001-6219-2448; Snow, Samantha/0000-0003-1812-8582 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/University of North Carolina Toxicology [CR835152010]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Senior Environmental Employment Program; Division of the National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/University of North Carolina Toxicology Training Agreement CR835152010 to S.J.S.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Senior Environmental Employment Program to R.F.T.; and the Division of the National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 403 EP 417 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu187 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800010 PM 25239632 ER PT J AU Dishaw, LV Hunter, DL Padnos, B Padilla, S Stapleton, HM AF Dishaw, Laura V. Hunter, Deborah L. Padnos, Beth Padilla, Stephanie Stapleton, Heather M. TI Developmental Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Elicits Overt Toxicity and Alters Behavior in Early Life Stage Zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE flame retardant; organophosphate; TDCPP; zebrafish; development; neurotoxicity ID LARVAL ZEBRAFISH; HORMONE-LEVELS; HOUSE-DUST; IN-VIVO; TDCPP; CHLORPYRIFOS; NEUROTOXICITY; METABOLITES; PHOSPHATE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AB Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are common replacements for the phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and have been detected at high concentrations in environmental samples. OPFRs are structurally similar to organophosphate pesticides and may adversely affect the developing nervous system. This study evaluated the overt toxicity, uptake, and neurobehavioral effects of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) in early life stage zebrafish. Chlorpyrifos was used as a positive control. For overt toxicity and neurobehavioral assessments, zebrafish were exposed from 0 to 5 days postfertilization (dpf). Hatching, death, or malformations were evaluated daily. Teratogenic effects were scored by visual examination on 6 dpf. To evaluate uptake and metabolism, zebrafish were exposed to 1 mu M of each organophosphate (OP) flame retardant and collected on 1 and 5 dpf to monitor accumulation. Larval swimming activity was measured in 6 dpf larvae to evaluate neurobehavioral effects of exposures below the acute toxicity threshold. TDBPP elicited the greatest toxicity at >1 mu M. TDCPP and chlorpyrifos were overtly toxic at concentrations >= 10 mu M, TCEP, and TCPP were not overtly toxic at the doses tested. Tissue concentrations increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the parent chemical after 24h exposures. TDCPP and TDBPP and their respective metabolites were detected in embryos on 5 dpf. For all chemicals tested, developmental exposures that were not overtly toxic significantly altered larval swimming activity. These data indicate that OPFRs adversely affect development of early life stage zebrafish. C1 [Dishaw, Laura V.; Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hunter, Deborah L.; Padnos, Beth; Padilla, Stephanie] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stapleton, HM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328,LSRC A220, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM heather.stapleton@duke.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES016099]; US Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship [FP 91728801] FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES016099] and the US Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship [FP 91728801]. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 17 U2 127 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu194 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AY5MZ UT WOS:000347617800014 PM 25239634 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Muller, R Berhane, K Fruin, S Liu, FF Jaspers, I Diaz-Sanchez, D Peden, DB McConnell, R AF Wu, Weidong Muller, Robin Berhane, Kiros Fruin, Scott Liu, Feifei Jaspers, Ilona Diaz-Sanchez, David Peden, David B. McConnell, Rob TI Inflammatory Response of Monocytes to Ambient Particles Varies by Highway Proximity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traffic-related air pollution; oxidative stress; inflammation; exposure assessment; epidemiology ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DAILY MORTALITY; DIFFERENT SITES; LUNG INJURY; UTAH VALLEY AB Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations of chronic respiratory disease with near-roadway pollutant exposure, effects that were independent of those of regional air pollutants. However, there has been limited study of the potential mechanisms for near roadway effects. Therefore, we examined the in vitro effect of respirable particulate matter (PM) collected adjacent to a major Los Angeles freeway and at an urban background location. PM was collected on filters during two consecutive 15-day periods. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response (intracellular reactive oxygen species [ROS], IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha) to PM aqueous extract was assessed in THP-1 cells, a model for evaluating monocyte/macrophage lineage cell responses. The near-roadway PM induced statistically significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha (P < 0.01) and a near significant increase in IL-1 beta (P = 0.06) but did not induce ROS activity (P = 0.17). The contrast between urban background and near-roadway PM-induced inflammatory cytokines was similar in magnitude to that corresponding to temporal differences between the two collection periods. PM-induced proinflammatory protein expression was attenuated by antioxidant pretreatment, and PM stimulation enhanced the activity of protein kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Pretreatment of THP-1 cells with kinase inhibitors reduced PM-induced proinflammatory mediator expression. The proinflammatory response was also reduced by pretreatment with polymyxin B, suggesting a role for endotoxin. However, the patterns of PM-induced protein kinase response and the attenuation of inflammatory responses by antioxidant or polymyxin B pretreatment did not vary between near-roadway and urban background locations. We conclude that near-roadway PM produced greater inflammatory response than urban background PM, a finding consistent with emerging epidemiologic findings, but these differences were not explained by PM endotoxin content or by MAPK pathways. Nevertheless, THP-1 cells may be a model for the development of biologically relevant metrics of long-term spatial variation in exposure for study of chronic disease. C1 [Wu, Weidong] Xinxiang Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Xinxiang, Henan Province, Peoples R China. [Wu, Weidong; Muller, Robin; Jaspers, Ilona; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Berhane, Kiros; Fruin, Scott; Liu, Feifei; McConnell, Rob] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McConnell, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM rmcconne@usc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P30ES007048, P01ES011627, P01ES022845, R01 ES016535, T32 ES007126, K25ES019224, U19AI077437]; Environmental Protection Agency [CR 83346301, RD83544101, R831845]; Hastings Foundation FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants P30ES007048, P01ES011627, P01ES022845, R01 ES016535, T32 ES007126, K25ES019224, and U19AI077437; by Environmental Protection Agency grants CR 83346301, RD83544101, and R831845; and by the Hastings Foundation. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1044-1549 EI 1535-4989 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 802 EP 809 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0265OC PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA AY2KS UT WOS:000347419700009 PM 24895888 ER PT J AU Martinu, T Gowdy, KM Nugent, JL Sun, J Kinnier, CV Nelson, ME Lyes, MA Kelly, FL Foster, WM Gunn, MD Palmer, SM AF Martinu, Tereza Gowdy, Kymberly M. Nugent, Julia L. Sun, Jesse Kinnier, Christine V. Nelson, Margaret E. Lyes, Matthew A. Kelly, Francine L. Foster, W. Michael Gunn, Michael D. Palmer, Scott M. TI Role of C-C Motif Ligand 2 and C-C Motif Receptor 2 in Murine Pulmonary Graft-versus-Host Disease after Lipopolysaccharide Inhalations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE graft-versus-host disease; lipopolysaccharide; dendritic cells; C-C motif ligand 2; C-C motif receptor 2 ID CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 MCP-1; IDIOPATHIC PNEUMONIA SYNDROME; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; INNATE IMMUNE ACTIVATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; LUNG INJURY; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; INHALED LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR-2; CCR2(-/-) MICE AB Environmental exposures are a potential trigger of chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (pGVHD) after successful recovery from hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). We hypothesized that inhalations of LPS, a prototypic environmental stimulus, trigger pGVHD via increased pulmonary recruitment of donor-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2)-C-C motif receptor 2 (CCR2) chemokine axis. B10.BR(H2(k)) and C57BL/6(H2(b)) mice underwent allogeneic (Allo) or syngeneic (Syn) HCT with wild-type (WT) C57BL/6, CCL2(-/-), or CCR2(-/-) donors. After 4 weeks, recipient mice received daily inhaled LPS for 5 days and were killed at multiple time points. Allo mice exposed to repeated inhaled LPS developed prominent lymphocytic bronchiolitis, similar to human pGVHD. The increase in pulmonary T cells in Allo mice after LPS exposures was accompanied by increased CCL2, CCR2, and Type-1 T-helper cytokines as well as by monocytes and monocytederived dendritic cells (moDCs) compared with Syn and nontransplanted controls. Using CCL2(-/-) donors leads to a significant decrease in lungDCs but to only mildly reduced CD4 T cells. Using CCR2(-/-) donors significantly reduces lung DCs and moDCs but does not change T cells. CCL2 or CCR2 deficiency does not alter pGVHD pathology but increases airway hyperreactivity and IL-5 or IL-13 cytokines. Our results show that hematopoietic donor- derived CCL2 and CCR2 regulate recruitment of APCs to the Allo lung after LPS exposure. Although they do not alter pathologic pGVHD, their absence is associated with increased airway hyperreactivity and IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. These results suggest that the APC changes that result from CCL2-CCR2 blockade may have unexpected effects on T cell differentiation and physiologic outcomes in HCT. C1 [Martinu, Tereza; Nelson, Margaret E.; Lyes, Matthew A.; Kelly, Francine L.; Foster, W. Michael; Gunn, Michael D.; Palmer, Scott M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Palmer, Scott M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gowdy, Kymberly M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nugent, Julia L.; Sun, Jesse] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kinnier, Christine V.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Martinu, T (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, DUMC Box 3221, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM tereza.martinu@duke.edu FU National Institutes of Health [S10RR019145] FX The authors thank Mr. Robert F. Beasley for help with lung DC isolation. Flow cytometric sorting was performed in the Duke Human Vaccine Institute Research Flow Cytometry Shared Resource Facility (Durham, NC) supported by National Institutes of Health grant S10RR019145. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1044-1549 EI 1535-4989 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 810 EP 821 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0451OC PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA AY2KS UT WOS:000347419700010 PM 24921973 ER PT J AU Filer, D Patisaul, HB Schug, T Reif, D Thayer, K AF Filer, Dayne Patisaul, Heather B. Schug, Thaddeus Reif, David Thayer, Kristina TI Test driving ToxCast: endocrine profiling for 1858 chemicals included in phase II SO CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION AB Identifying chemicals, beyond those already implicated, to test for potential endocrine disruption is a challenge and high throughput approaches have emerged as a potential tool for this type of screening. This review focused the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ToxCast (TM) high throughput in vitro screening (HTS) program. Utility for identifying compounds was assessed and reviewed by using it to run the recently expanded chemical library (from 309 compounds to 1858) through the ToxPi (TM) prioritization scheme for endocrine disruption. The analysis included metabolic and neuroendocrine targets. This investigative approach simultaneously assessed the utility of ToxCast, and helped identify novel chemicals which may have endocrine activity. Results from this exercise suggest the spectrum of environmental chemicals with potential endocrine activity is much broader than indicated, and that some aspects of endocrine disruption are not fully covered in ToxCast. C1 [Filer, Dayne] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Patisaul, Heather B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Human Hlth & Environm, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schug, Thaddeus] NIEHS, Div Extramural Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. [Reif, David] N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Thayer, Kristina] NIEHS, Off Hlth Assessment & Translat, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. RP Thayer, K (reprint author), NIEHS, Off Hlth Assessment & Translat, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 530 Davis Dr,Room 2150 Mail Drop K2-04, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. EM thayer@niehs.nih.gov OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES103226-01] NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4892 EI 1471-4973 J9 CURR OPIN PHARMACOL JI Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.021 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AY3UO UT WOS:000347508000023 PM 25460227 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Bhattacharya, S Conolly, RB Clewell, HJ Kaminski, NE Andersen, ME AF Zhang, Qiang Bhattacharya, Sudin Conolly, Rory B. Clewell, Harvey J., III Kaminski, Norbert E. Andersen, Melvin E. TI Molecular Signaling Network Motifs Provide a Mechanistic Basis for Cellular Threshold Responses SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFAT1; ROBUST PERFECT ADAPTATION; INTEGRAL FEEDBACK-CONTROL; LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATION; HEAT-SHOCK FACTOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AB Background: Increasingly, there is a move toward using in vitro toxicity testing to assess human health risk due to chemical exposure. As with in vivo toxicity testing, an important question for in vitro results is whether there are thresholds for adverse cellular responses. Empirical evaluations may show consistency with thresholds, but the main evidence has to come from mechanistic considerations. Objectives: Cellular response behaviors depend on the molecular pathway and circuitry in the cell and the manner in which chemicals perturb these circuits. Understanding circuit structures that are inherently capable of resisting small perturbations and producing threshold responses is an important step towards mechanistically interpreting in vitro testing data. Methods: Here we have examined dose-response characteristics for several biochemical network motifs. These network motifs are basic building blocks of molecular circuits underpinning a variety of cellular functions, including adaptation, homeostasis, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. For each motif, we present biological examples and models to illustrate how thresholds arise from specific network structures. Discussion and Conclusion: Integral feedback, feedforward, and transcritical bifurcation motifs can generate thresholds. Other motifs (e. g., proportional feedback and ultrasensitivity) produce responses where the slope in the low-dose region is small and stays close to the baseline. Feedforward control may lead to nonmonotonic or hormetic responses. We conclude that network motifs provide a basis for understanding thresholds for cellular responses. Computational pathway modeling of these motifs and their combinations occurring in molecular signaling networks will be a key element in new risk assessment approaches based on in vitro cellular assays. C1 [Zhang, Qiang; Bhattacharya, Sudin; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Inst Chem Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kaminski, Norbert E.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Ctr Dose Response Modeling, Inst Chem Safety Sci, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM qzhang@thehamner.org FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P42ES04911] FX The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program at Michigan State University (P42ES04911) provided support for the Computational Core at The Hamner Institutes to model research results from the program itself and also to generate better mechanistic understanding of the behavior of basic network motifs involved in generating and maintaining biological functions in cellular systems. [Short courses of computational systems biology pathway modeling have been developed by the Computational Core; course materials, including lectures, modeling tutorials, and computational models are available online (http://www. thehamner. org/about-the-hamner/education-training/ dose-response-modeling).] Key sponsors of computational systems biology pathway modeling of the Hamner programs over the past decade include the ExxonMobil Foundation, Dow Chemical Foundation, Unilever, Dow Corning Chemical Corporation, and the American Chemistry Council Long-Range Research Initiative. NR 104 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 28 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 122 IS 12 BP 1261 EP 1270 DI 10.1289/ehp.1408244 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AY1YC UT WOS:000347384600011 PM 25117432 ER PT J AU Quiros-Alcala, L Mehta, S Eskenazi, B AF Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam Mehta, Suril Eskenazi, Brenda TI Pyrethroid Pesticide Exposure and Parental Report of Learning Disability and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in US Children: NHANES 1999-2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID URINARY METABOLITES; PERMETHRIN EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; RATS; DELTAMETHRIN; MICE; NEUROTOXICITY; CYPERMETHRIN; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION AB BACKGROUND: Use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased dramatically over the past decade; however, data on their potential health effects, particularly on children, are limited. OBJECTIVE: We examined the cross-sectional association between postnatal pyrethroid exposure and parental report of learning disability (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-15 years of age. METHODS: Using logistic regression, we estimated associations of urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides with parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD in 1,659-1,680 children participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002). RESULTS: The prevalence rates of parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD were 12.7%, 10.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. Metabolite detection frequencies for 3-PBA [3-phenoxybenzoic acid], cis-DCCA [cis-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid], and trans-DCCA [trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] were 77.1%, 35.6%, and 33.9%, respectively. The geometric mean 3-PBA concentration was 0.32 mu g/L (median = 0.31 mu g/L; interquartile rage = 0.10-0.89 mu g/L). cis- and trans-DCCA 75th-percentile concentrations were 0.21 mu g/L and 0.68 mu g/L, respectively. Log(10)-transformed 3-PBA concentrations were associated with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51) for parent-reported LD, 1.16 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.58) for ADHD, and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.27) for both LD and ADHD. Adjusted ORs remained nonsignificant and decreased after controlling for creatinine and other environmental chemicals previously linked to altered neurodevelopment. Similarly, no significant associations were observed for cis-and trans-DCCA. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal pyrethroid exposure was not associated with parental report of LD and/or ADHD. Given the widespread and increasing use of pyrethroids, future research should evaluate exposures at current levels, particularly during critical windows of brain development. C1 [Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam; Eskenazi, Brenda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, CERCH, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. [Mehta, Suril] US EPA, Offc Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Quiros-Alcala, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, CERCH, 1995 Univ Ave,Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. EM lquiros@berkeley.edu RI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /Q-4928-2016 OI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /0000-0002-6600-7227 FU Science Innovation Fund from the Passport Foundation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [PO1ES009605]; U.S. EPA [RD83451301] FX The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, and the data analysis for this research was funded by a Science Innovation Fund from the Passport Foundation. Additional funding was received from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (PO1ES009605) and the U.S. EPA (RD83451301). NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 25 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 122 IS 12 BP 1336 EP 1342 DI 10.1289/ehp.1308031 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AY1YC UT WOS:000347384600023 PM 25192380 ER PT J AU Rossmann, R Pfeiffer, EL Filkins, JC AF Rossmann, Ronald Pfeiffer, Erika L. Filkins, John C. TI Lake Michigan sediment lead storage and history of loads SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Michigan; Lead; Loads; Storage ID GREEN BAY; MERCURY; DEPOSITION; RECORD; FLUXES; POLLUTION; METALS; CORES; CADMIUM; POLLUTANTS AB Dated sediment box cores collected in 1994-1996 from 52 locations in Lake Michigan were analyzed to assess storage, trends, and loading history of lead. The results of this study provide information of historic lead loads to the lake for a time period (pre-1960) for which no reliable lead measurements exist. The information can be utilized by those wishing to model lead and to access lead loading trends. Anthropogenic lead storage in the lake's sediments totaled 143,000 t as of 1994. Storage of acid-extractable total (anthropogenic + background) lead totaled 171,000 t between 1850 and 1994. The date of 1850 is the time at which lead loads increased above background loads (219 t/y) to the lake. Anthropogenic loads peaked between 1959 and 1962 at 2440 t/y and were 1170 t/y between 1994 and 1995, illustrating that at the time of collection in 1994, loads were decreasing from previous highs. The load in 1994 to 1995 was equivalent to the load during the time frame of 1922 to 1925. Largest lead loads were to southeastern Lake Michigan in a region downwind of Chicago, illustrating the impact of large populated areas utilizing coal and gasoline on lead loads to the lake. Loading trends were impacted by coal and gasoline consumption, increased industrial activity during World War II, the Clean Air Act of 1970, and the phase-out of leaded gasoline. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rossmann, Ronald] Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Pfeiffer, Erika L.] Z Tech Corp, ICF Co, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Filkins, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Large Lakes, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Foreca, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Rossmann, R (reprint author), Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM ronaldrossmann@hotmail.com NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.08.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FX UT WOS:000347274000004 ER PT J AU Chorley, B Ward, W Simmons, SO Vallanat, B Veronesi, B AF Chorley, Brian Ward, William Simmons, Steven O. Vallanat, Beena Veronesi, Bellina TI The cellular and genomic response of rat dopaminergic neurons (N27) to coated nanosilver SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanotoxicity; Nanosilver; "Capping"; Surface coating; Polyvinylpyrrolidone ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVATION; BRAIN MICROGLIA; CULTURE MODEL; PARTICLE-SIZE; BV2 MICROGLIA; NANO-SILVER AB This study examined if nanosilver (nanoAg) of different sizes and coatings were differentially toxic to oxidative stress-sensitive neurons. N27 rat dopaminergic neurons were exposed (0.5-5 ppm) to a set of nanoAg of different sizes (10 nm, 75 nm) and coatings (PVP, citrate) and their physicochemical, cellular and genomic response measured. Both coatings retained their manufactured sizes in culture media, however, the zeta potentials of both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg were significantly less electronegative than those of their citrate-coated counterparts. Markers of oxidative stress, measured at 0.5-5 ppm exposure concentrations, indicated that caspase 3/7 activity and glutathione levels were significantly increased by both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg and by the 75 nm citrate-coated nanoAg. Both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg also increased intra-neuronal nitrite levels and activated ARE/NRF2, a reporter gene for the oxidative stress-protection pathway. Global gene expression on N27 neurons, exposed to 0.5 ppm for 8 h, indicated a dominant effect by PVP-coated nanoAg over citrate. The 75 nm PVP-coated material altered 196 genes that were loosely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, the 10 nm PVP-coated nanoAg altered 82 genes that were strongly associated with NRF2 oxidative stress pathways. Less that 20% of the affected genes were shared by both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg. These cellular and genomic findings suggest that PVP-coated nanoAg is more bioactive than citrate-coated nanoAg.. Although both sizes of PVP-coated nanoAg altered the genomic expression of N27 neurons along oxidative stress pathways, exposure to the 75 nm nanoAg favored pathways associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the 10 nm PVP-coated nanoAg affected NRF2 neuronal protective pathways. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chorley, Brian; Simmons, Steven O.; Veronesi, Bellina] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ward, William; Vallanat, Beena] US EPA, Res Genom Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM veronesi.bellina@epa.gov OI Simmons, Steven/0000-0001-9079-1069 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the view of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.010 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AX5GQ UT WOS:000346955100002 PM 25194297 ER PT J AU Lantz, SR Mack, CM Wallace, K Key, EF Shafer, TJ Casida, JE AF Lantz, Stephen R. Mack, Cina M. Wallace, Kathleen Key, Ellen F. Shafer, Timothy J. Casida, John E. TI Glufosinate binds N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and increases neuronal network activity in vitro SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glufosinate; Neurotoxicity; N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor; N-Acetylglufosinate ID GAMMA-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHINOTHRICINS; COLI GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; HERBICIDE-RESISTANT CROPS; AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTERS; H-3 CGP-39653 BINDING; RAT-BRAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEDIATED EXCITOTOXICITY; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; SEVERE NEUROTOXICITY AB Glufosinate (GLF) at high levels in mammals causes convulsions and amnesia through a mechanism that is not completely understood. The structural similarity of GLF to glutamate (GLU) implicates the glutamatergic system as a target for GLF neurotoxicity. The current work examined in vitro GLF interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype GLU receptors (NMDARs) and GLT-1 transporters via [H-3]CGP 39653 binding experiments and [H-3]GLU uptake assays, respectively. GLF effects on neuronal network activity were assessed using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings in primary cultures of cortical neurons. GLF and its primary metabolite N-acetylglufosinate (NAcGLF) bind to the NMDAR; the IC50 value for GLF was 668 mu M and for NAcGLF was about 100 mu M. Concentrations of GLF greater than 1000 mu M were needed to decrease,GLU uptake through GLT-1. In MEA recordings from networks of rat primary cortical neurons, the concentration-responses for NMDA, GLF and NAcGLF on network mean firing rates (MFR) were biphasic, increasing at lower concentrations and decreasing below control levels at higher concentrations. Increases in MFR occurred between 3-10 mu M NMDA (290% control, maximum), 100-300 mu M NAcGLF (190% control, maximum) and 10-1000 mu M GLF (340% control, maximum). The NMDAR antagonist MK801 attenuated both NMDA and GLF increases in MFR. The GLF concentration required to alter GLU transport through GLT-1 is not likely to be attained in vivo, and therefore not relevant to the neurotoxic mode of action. However, toxicokinetic data from reports of intentional human poisonings indicate that GLF concentrations in the CNS after acute exposure could reach levels high enough to lead to effects mediated via NMDARs. Furthermore, the newly characterized action of NAcGLF at the NMDAR suggests that both the parent compound and metabolite could contribute to neurotoxicity via this pathway. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lantz, Stephen R.; Key, Ellen F.; Casida, John E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Environm Chem & Toxicol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mack, Cina M.; Wallace, Kathleen; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lantz, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM stephen_lantz@fws.gov OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 FU STAR Fellowship Assistance - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP917139]; UC Berkeley Sponsored Project for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) Grant FX S.R.L. was funded by STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement number FP917139 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). E.F.K. was funded by a UC Berkeley Sponsored Project for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) Grant. This document has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.003 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AX5GQ UT WOS:000346955100005 PM 25268653 ER PT J AU Reich, BJ Chang, HH Foley, KM AF Reich, Brian J. Chang, Howard H. Foley, Kristen M. TI A Spectral Method for Spatial Downscaling SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Computer model output; Data fusion; Kriging; Multiscale analysis ID AIR-POLLUTION; NUMERICAL-MODELS; OUTPUT; OZONE; SENSITIVITY; COMPONENT AB Complex computer models play a crucial role in air quality research. These models are used to evaluate potential regulatory impacts of emission control strategies and to estimate air quality in areas without monitoring data. For both of these purposes, it is important to calibrate model output with monitoring data to adjust for model biases and improve spatial prediction. In this article, we propose a new spectral method to study and exploit complex relationships between model output and monitoring data. Spectral methods allow us to estimate the relationship between model output and monitoring data separately at different spatial scales, and to use model output for prediction only at the appropriate scales. The proposed method is computationally efficient and can be implemented using standard software. We apply the method to compare Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model output with ozone measurements in the United States in July 2005. We find that CMAQ captures large-scale spatial trends, but has low correlation with the monitoring data at small spatial scales. C1 [Reich, Brian J.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chang, Howard H.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Foley, Kristen M.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Reich, BJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bjreich@ncsu.edu FU USEPA [R835228, R834799]; NSF [1107046]; NIH [R01ES014843, R01ES019897, R21ES022795-01A1]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The authors thank James Hodges (University of Minnesota) and Joseph Guinness (North Carolina State University) for fruitful discussions about this work. This study was partially supported by USEPA grants R835228 and R834799, NSF grant 1107046, and NIH grants R01ES014843, R01ES019897, and R21ES022795-01A1. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USEPA. Further, USEPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2014 VL 70 IS 4 BP 932 EP 942 DI 10.1111/biom.12196 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA AX3GF UT WOS:000346827500017 PM 24965037 ER PT J AU Daston, GP Beyer, BK Carney, EW Chapin, RE Friedman, JM Piersma, AH Rogers, JM Scialli, AR AF Daston, George P. Beyer, Bruce K. Carney, Edward W. Chapin, Robert E. Friedman, Jan M. Piersma, Aldert H. Rogers, John M. Scialli, Anthony R. TI Exposure-Based Validation List for Developmental Toxicity Screening Assays SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE in vitro methods; validation; developmental toxicity ID TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PREGNANT RATS; NONLINEAR PHARMACOKINETICS; PRENATAL TOXICITY; EMBRYOTOXICITY; ARTESUNATE; SACCHARIN; KINETICS AB Validation of alternative assays requires comparison of the responses to toxicants in the alternative assay with in vivo responses. Chemicals have been classified as positive or negative in vivo, despite the fact that developmental toxicity is conditional on magnitude of exposure. We developed a list of positive and negative developmental exposures, with exposure defined by toxicokinetic data, specifically maternal plasma C-max. We selected a series of 20 chemicals that caused developmental toxicity and for which there were appropriate toxicokinetic data. Where possible, we used the same chemical for both positive and negative exposures, the positive being the C-max at a dose level that produced significant teratogenicity or embryolethality, the negative being the C-max at a dose level not causing developmental toxicity. It was not possible to find toxicokinetic data at the no-effect level for all positive compounds, and the negative exposure list contains C-max values for some compounds that do not have developmental toxicity up to the highest dose level tested. This exposure-based reference list represents a fundamentally different approach to the evaluation of alternative tests and is proposed as a step toward application of alternative tests in quantitative risk assessment (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Daston, George P.] Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Beyer, Bruce K.] Sanofi US Inc, Dept Disposit Safety & Anim Res Preclin Safety, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Carney, Edward W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Chapin, Robert E.] Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT USA. [Friedman, Jan M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Child & Family Res Inst, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Piersma, Aldert H.] RIVM, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Piersma, Aldert H.] Univ Utrecht, IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Rogers, John M.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Scialli, Anthony R.] Reprod Toxicol Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Scialli, Anthony R.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. RP Scialli, AR (reprint author), Reprod Toxicol Ctr, 2737 Devonshire Pl NW 120, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM reprotox@reprotox.org OI Friedman, Jan/0000-0002-7482-9570 FU HESI DART Technical Committee FX Grant sponsor: HESI DART Technical Committee. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-9733 EI 1542-9741 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 101 IS 6 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1002/bdrb.21132 PG 6 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AX1KF UT WOS:000346705300003 PM 25475026 ER PT J AU Snyder, M Arunachalam, S Isakov, V Talgo, K Naess, B Valencia, A Omary, M Davis, N Cook, R Hanna, A AF Snyder, Michelle Arunachalam, Saravanan Isakov, Vlad Talgo, Kevin Naess, Brian Valencia, Alejandro Omary, Mohammad Davis, Neil Cook, Rich Hanna, Adel TI Creating Locally-Resolved Mobile-Source Emissions Inputs for Air Quality Modeling in Support of an Exposure Study in Detroit, Michigan, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dispersion models; mobile-source emissions; uncertainties in emissions; R-LINE; human exposure; NEXUS ID NEAR-ROAD EXPOSURES; DISPERSION MODEL; POLLUTANTS; NEXUS AB This work describes a methodology for modeling the impact of traffic-generated air pollutants in an urban area. This methodology presented here utilizes road network geometry, traffic volume, temporal allocation factors, fleet mixes, and emission factors to provide critical modeling inputs. These inputs, assembled from a variety of sources, are combined with meteorological inputs to generate link-based emissions for use in dispersion modeling to estimate pollutant concentration levels due to traffic. A case study implementing this methodology for a large health study is presented, including a sensitivity analysis of the modeling results reinforcing the importance of model inputs and identify those having greater relative impact, such as fleet mix. In addition, an example use of local measurements of fleet activity to supplement model inputs is described, and its impacts to the model outputs are discussed. We conclude that with detailed model inputs supported by local traffic measurements and meteorology, it is possible to capture the spatial and temporal patterns needed to accurately estimate exposure from traffic-related pollutants. C1 [Snyder, Michelle; Arunachalam, Saravanan; Talgo, Kevin; Naess, Brian; Valencia, Alejandro; Omary, Mohammad; Davis, Neil; Hanna, Adel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cook, Rich] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Snyder, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, 100 Europa Dr,Suite 490, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM michellesnyder@unc.edu; sarav@email.unc.edu; isakov.vlad@epa.gov; talgo@email.unc.edu; naess@unc.edu; valenal@email.unc.edu; omary@email.unc.edu; Neda@dtu.dk; cook.rich@epa.gov; ahanna@email.unc.edu OI Davis, Neil/0000-0001-5886-247X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-07-102, EP-W-09-023] FX The authors would like to thank Stuart Batterman and his team at the University of Michigan for their collaboration and efforts in NEXUS. We would also like to thank Bok Haeng Baek of the UNC's Institute for the Environment for assistance with the NEI's temporal profiles, the Southeast Michigan Council of Government (SEMCOG) for providing the TDM outputs, and the Michigan DOT for providing the PTR data used in the sensitivity analyses. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract Nos. EP-D-07-102 and EP-W-09-023 to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 12739 EP 12766 DI 10.3390/ijerph111212739 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX2TJ UT WOS:000346797100043 PM 25501000 ER PT J AU Lane, CR Liu, HX Autrey, BC Anenkhonov, OA Chepinoga, VV Wu, QS AF Lane, Charles R. Liu, Hongxing Autrey, Bradley C. Anenkhonov, Oleg A. Chepinoga, Victor V. Wu, Qiusheng TI Improved Wetland Classification Using Eight-Band High Resolution Satellite Imagery and a Hybrid Approach SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Selenga River delta; Lake Baikal; coastal band; NIR2 band; NDVI; grey-level co-occurrence matrix; image texture; Worldview-2 ID THEMATIC MAPPER IMAGERY; SUBPIXEL CLASSIFICATION; MAPPING WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; ETM+ IMAGERY; TM IMAGERY; WORLDVIEW-2; VEGETATION; TREES; AREA AB Although remote sensing technology has long been used in wetland inventory and monitoring, the accuracy and detail level of wetland maps derived with moderate resolution imagery and traditional techniques have been limited and often unsatisfactory. We explored and evaluated the utility of a newly launched high-resolution, eight-band satellite system (Worldview-2; WV2) for identifying and classifying freshwater deltaic wetland vegetation and aquatic habitats in the Selenga River Delta of Lake Baikal, Russia, using a hybrid approach and a novel application of Indicator Species Analysis (ISA). We achieved an overall classification accuracy of 86.5% (Kappa coefficient: 0.85) for 22 classes of aquatic and wetland habitats and found that additional metrics, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and image texture, were valuable for improving the overall classification accuracy and particularly for discriminating among certain habitat classes. Our analysis demonstrated that including WV2's four spectral bands from parts of the spectrum less commonly used in remote sensing analyses, along with the more traditional bandwidths, contributed to the increase in the overall classification accuracy by similar to 4% overall, but with considerable increases in our ability to discriminate certain communities. The coastal band improved differentiating open water and aquatic (i.e., vegetated) habitats, and the yellow, red-edge, and near-infrared 2 bands improved discrimination among different vegetated aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The use of ISA provided statistical rigor in developing associations between spectral classes and field-based data. Our analyses demonstrated the utility of a hybrid approach and the benefit of additional bands and metrics in providing the first spatially explicit mapping of a large and heterogeneous wetland system. C1 [Lane, Charles R.; Autrey, Bradley C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Liu, Hongxing; Wu, Qiusheng] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Liu, Hongxing; Wu, Qiusheng] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Anenkhonov, Oleg A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen & Expt Biol, Siberian Branch, Ulan Ude 670047, Russia. [Chepinoga, Victor V.] Irkutsk State Univ, Dept Bot & Genet, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Chepinoga, Victor V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Siberian Branch, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lane.Charles@epa.gov; Liu.Hongxing@epa.gov; Autrey.Brad@epa.gov; Anen@yandex.ru; victor.chepinoga@gmail.com; Wu.Qiusheng@epa.gov RI Wu, Qiusheng/C-7976-2016; Anenkhonov, Oleg/J-8690-2016 OI Wu, Qiusheng/0000-0001-5437-4073; Anenkhonov, Oleg/0000-0001-8633-7154 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development [EP-D-06-096]; U.S. Department of State, Biochemical Redirect Program; International Science and Technology Center, Moscow, Russia FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number EP-D-06-096 to Dynamac Corporation. The research conducted herein was also partially funded by the U.S. Department of State, Biochemical Redirect Program with support from the International Science and Technology Center, Moscow, Russia. We appreciate the technical review and feedback provided by John Lin, U.S. EPA, and the programmatic support of Doug Steele, U.S. EPA. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Statements in this publication reflect the authors' professional views and opinions and should not be construed to represent any determination or policy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 42 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 12187 EP 12216 DI 10.3390/rs61212187 PG 30 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300024 ER PT J AU Eudy, AM Vines, AI Dooley, MA Cooper, GS Parks, CG AF Eudy, A. M. Vines, A. I. Dooley, M. A. Cooper, G. S. Parks, C. G. TI Elevated C-reactive protein and self-reported disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE Systemic lupus erythematosus; C-reactive protein; flares; socioeconomic factors ID ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION-RATE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; REVISED CRITERIA; HEALTH; DAMAGE; VALIDATION; AMERICAN AB C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, has been associated with increased disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. However, the association in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. We examined the association of CRP with self-reported disease activity in the Carolina Lupus Study and described differences by sociodemographic characteristics. The study included baseline and three-year follow-up data on 107 African-American and 69 Caucasian SLE patients enrolled at a median 13 months since diagnosis. Models estimated prevalence differences in the association of baseline CRP with self-reported flares, adjusting for age, sex, race and education. Active disease or flare was reported by 59% at baseline and 58% at follow-up. Higher CRP (> 10 mu g/ml vs. <3 mu g/ml) was associated with a 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): -20, 53%) higher prevalence of flare at baseline and a 26% (95% CI: -9, 62%) higher prevalence of flare at follow-up. These CRP-flare associations were notably stronger in patients with lower education at baseline and in African-Americans at follow-up. These findings suggest that CRP may be a useful marker in studies of SLE health disparities. C1 [Eudy, A. M.; Vines, A. I.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dooley, M. A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Parks, C. G.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC USA. RP Eudy, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM aeudy@email.unc.edu OI Eudy, Amanda/0000-0002-3107-5545; Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS; National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities of the NIH FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS and the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities of the NIH. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 EI 1477-0962 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 14 BP 1460 EP 1467 DI 10.1177/0961203314543915 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA AW3HK UT WOS:000346177000003 PM 25057037 ER PT J AU Schaa, KL Anderson, G Alt-White, AC Kasper, CE Boyd, AM AF Schaa, Kendra L. Anderson, Gwen Alt-White, Anna C. Kasper, Christine E. Boyd, Andrea M. TI Genomics education for Veterans Affairs nurses SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Anderson, Gwen; Alt-White, Anna C.; Kasper, Christine E.] Off Nursing Serv, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Boyd, Andrea M.] Wm Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Med Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs, Columbia, SC USA. RP Schaa, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Kendra.schaa@va.gov OI Schaa, Kendra/0000-0002-4460-5357; Anderson, Gwen/0000-0003-2046-3152 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1098-3600 EI 1530-0366 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 16 IS 12 BP 984 EP 985 DI 10.1038/gim.2014.142 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AW1HN UT WOS:000346040900019 PM 25469615 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Hawkins, A Kelly, JT AF Baker, Kirk R. Hawkins, Andy Kelly, James T. TI Photochemical grid model performance with varying horizontal grid resolution and sub-grid plume treatment for the Martins Creek nearfield SO2 study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CAMx; Dispersion; Air quality modeling; Grid resolution; Sub-grid plume; Martins Creek ID MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; PART II; DISPERSION MODEL; POWER-PLANT; SCALE; TRANSPORT; SCHEME AB Near source modeling is needed to assess primary and secondary pollutant impacts from single sources and single source complexes. Source receptor relationships need to be resolved from tens of meters to tens of kilometers. Dispersion models are typically applied for near-source primary pollutant impacts but lack complex photochemistry. Photochemical models provide a realistic chemical environment but are typically applied using grid cell sizes that may be larger than the distance between sources and receptors. It is important to understand the impacts of grid resolution and sub-grid plume treatments on photochemical modeling of near-source primary pollution gradients. Here, the CAMx photochemical grid model is applied using multiple grid resolutions and sub-grid plume treatment for SO2 and compared with a receptor mesonet largely impacted by nearby sources approximately 3-17 km away in a complex terrain environment. Measurements are compared with model estimates of SO2 at 4- and 1-km resolution, both with and without sub-grid plume treatment and inclusion of finer two-way grid nests. Annual average estimated SO2 mixing ratios are highest nearest the sources and decrease as distance from the sources increase. In general, CAMx estimates of SO2 do not compare well with the near-source observations when paired in space and time. Given the proximity of these sources and receptors, accuracy in wind vector estimation is critical for applications that pair pollutant predictions and observations in time and space. In typical permit applications, predictions and observations are not paired in time and space and the entire distributions of each are directly compared. Using this approach, model estimates using 1-km grid resolution best match the distribution of observations and are most comparable to similar studies that used dispersion and Lagrangian modeling systems. Model-estimated SO2 increases as grid cell size decreases from 4 km to 250 m. However, it is notable that the 1-km model estimates using 1-km meteorological model input are higher than the 1-km model simulation that used interpolated 4-km meteorology. The inclusion of sub-grid plume treatment did not improve model skill in predicting SO2 in time and space and generally acts to keep emitted mass aloft. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Kirk R.; Kelly, James T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hawkins, Andy] US EPA, Lenexa, KS 66219 USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 99 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.064 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7TS UT WOS:000345804400017 ER PT J AU Jing, P Lu, ZF Xing, J Streets, DG Tan, Q O'Brien, T Kamberos, J AF Jing, Ping Lu, Zifeng Xing, Jia Streets, David G. Tan, Qian O'Brien, Timothy Kamberos, Joseph TI Response of the summertime ground-level ozone trend in the Chicago area to emission controls and temperature changes, 2005-2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone trend; Temperature dependence of ozone; NOx and VOC emission control; Chicago ID UNITED-STATES; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; NOX EMISSIONS; URBAN AREAS; POWER-PLANTS; MEXICO-CITY; METEOROLOGY; RETRIEVALS; STRATEGIES; INDUSTRIAL AB Despite strenuous efforts to reduce the emissions of ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), concentrations of ground-level ozone (O-3) still often exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard in U.S. cities in summertime, including Chicago. Furthermore, studies have projected a future increase in O-3 formation due to global climate change. This study examines the response of summertime O-3 to emission controls and temperature change in the Chicago area from 2005 to 2013 by employing observations of O-3, O-3 precursors, and meteorological variables. We find that meteorology explains about 53% of the O-3 variance in Chicago. O-3 mixing ratios over Chicago are found to show no clear decline over the 2005-2013 period. The summertime ground-level O-3 trend consists of a decrease of 0.08 ppb/year between 2005 and 2009 and an increase of 1.49 ppb/year between 2009 and 2013. Emissions of NOx and concentrations of NO2 have been decreasing steadily from 2005 to 2013 in the Chicago area. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Chicago, however, have more than doubled since 2009, even though emission inventories suggest that VOC emissions have decreased. We believe that O-3 production in Chicago became more sensitive to VOCs starting in 2008/2009 and may have switched from being NOx-limited to VOC-limited. The warmer climate since 2008 has also contributed to the increasing ozone trend in the Chicago area. Increased attention should be paid to improving the quantification of VOC sources, enhancing the monitoring of reactive VOC concentrations, and designing VOC mitigation measures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jing, Ping; Kamberos, Joseph] Loyola Univ, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Lu, Zifeng; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xing, Jia] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tan, Qian] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR Studies &, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Brien, Timothy] Loyola Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. RP Jing, P (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. EM pjing@luc.edu RI xing, jia/O-1784-2014 FU Loyola University Chicago Summer Research Stipends FX This work was funded by the Loyola University Chicago Summer Research Stipends. We thank Gao Chen from NASA's Langley Research Center for helpful comments. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 99 BP 630 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.035 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7TS UT WOS:000345804400066 ER PT J AU Wall, EH Hewitt, SC Case, LK Lin, CY Korach, KS Teuscher, C AF Wall, Emma H. Hewitt, Sylvia C. Case, Laure K. Lin, Chin-Yo Korach, Kenneth S. Teuscher, Cory TI The role of genetics in estrogen responses: a critical piece of an intricate puzzle SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE genotype; reproductive tissue ID MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; ESTRADIOL-REGULATED RESPONSES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; X ACI INTERCROSS; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; FEMALE MICE; IN-VIVO; OPPOSITE-SEX; BISPHENOL-A AB The estrogens are female sex hormones that are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including reproductive development and function, wound healing, and bone growth. They are mainly known for their roles in reproductive tissues-specifically, 17 beta-estradiol (E-2), the primary estrogen, which is secreted by the ovaries and induces cellular proliferation and growth of the uterus and mammary glands. In addition to the role of estrogens in promoting tissue growth and development during normal physiological states, they have a well-established role in determining susceptibility to disease, particularly cancer, in reproductive tissues. The responsiveness of various tissues to estrogen is genetically controlled, with marked quantitative variation observed across multiple species, including humans. This variation presents both researchers and clinicians with a veritable physiological puzzle, the pieces of which-many of them unknown-are complex and difficult to fit together. Although genetics is known to play a major role in determining sensitivity to estrogens, there are other factors, including parent of origin and the maternal environment, that are intimately linked to heritable phenotypes but do not represent genotype, per se. The objectives of this review article were to summarize the current knowledge of the role of genotype, and uterine and neonatal environments, in phenotypic variation in the response to estrogens; to discuss recent findings and the potential mechanisms involved; and to highlight exciting research opportunities for the future. C1 [Wall, Emma H.; Case, Laure K.; Teuscher, Cory] Univ Vermont, Dept Med & Pathol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Hewitt, Sylvia C.; Korach, Kenneth S.] US Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lin, Chin-Yo] Univ Houston, Ctr Nucl Receptors & Cell Signaling, Houston, TX USA. RP Teuscher, C (reprint author), Univ Vermont, C331 Given Med Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM c.teuscher@uvm.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant [Z01ES70065] FX This research was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant Z01ES70065. NR 137 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 28 IS 12 BP 5042 EP 5054 DI 10.1096/fj.14-260307 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA AU9EN UT WOS:000345894500003 PM 25212221 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Miller, AJ Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS AF Harrison, Melanie D. Miller, Andrew J. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. TI HYDROLOGIC CONTROLS ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS DYNAMICS IN RELICT OXBOW WETLANDS ADJACENT TO AN URBAN RESTORED STREAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE denitrification; hydrology; nitrogen; phosphorus; stream restoration; wetlands; urban ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; NUTRIENT RETENTION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RESTORATION WETLAND; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; RIVERINE WETLANDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; DEGRADED URBAN; DENITRIFICATION AB Although wetlands are known to be sinks for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), their function in urban watersheds remains unclear. We analyzed water and nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) dynamics during precipitation events in two oxbow wetlands that were created during geomorphic stream restoration in Baltimore County, Maryland that varied in the nature and extent of connectivity to the adjacent stream. Oxbow 1 (Ox1) received 1.6-4.2% and Oxbow 2 (Ox2) received 4.2-7.4% of cumulative streamflow during storm events from subsurface seepage (Ox1) and surface flow (Ox2). The retention time of incoming stormwater ranged from 0.2 to 6.7days in Ox1 and 1.8 to 4.3days in Ox2. Retention rates in the wetlands ranged from 0.25 to 2.74gN/m(2)/day in Ox1 and 0.29 to 1.94gN/m(2)/day in Ox2. Percent retention of the NO3--N load that entered the wetlands during the storm events ranged from 64 to 87% and 23 to 26%, in Ox1 and Ox2, respectively. During all four storm events, Ox1 and Ox2 were a small net source of dissolved PO43- to the adjacent stream (i.e., more P exited than entered the wetland), releasing P at a rate of 0.23-20.83mgP/m(2)/day and 3.43-24.84mgP/m(2)/day, respectively. N and P removal efficiency of the oxbows were regulated by hydrologic connectivity, hydraulic loading, and retention time. Incidental oxbow wetlands have potential to receive urban stream and storm flow and to be significant N sinks, but they may be sources of P in urban watersheds. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Miller, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12454 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Ecol Effects Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Reg Protected Resources Div, 777 Sonoma Ave, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM melanie.harrison@noaa.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB-0423476]; NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program [0549469]; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U]; NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure [DBI 06-40300]; NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP) FX This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CR829676), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (0549469), Maryland Sea Grant (SA7528085-U), the NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI 06-40300), and the NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP). We thank Dan Dillon, Dave Lewis, Lisa Martel, Daniel Jones, Gwendolyn Sivirichi, Melissa Grese, Tamara Newcomer, Emma Noonan, Yvette Williams, and Charlene Gavette for assistance with field and laboratory work, and Christopher Swan for thoughtful comments and review of the manuscript. This manuscript has been subjected to USEPA review, but does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1382 DI 10.1111/jawr.12193 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900001 ER PT J AU Greathouse, EA Compton, JE Van Sickle, J AF Greathouse, Effie A. Compton, Jana E. Van Sickle, John TI LINKING LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AND HIGH STREAM NITROGEN IN THE OREGON COAST RANGE: RED ALDER COMPLICATES USE OF NUTRIENT CRITERIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; biogeochemistry; nutrients; rivers; streams; forests; environmental regulations ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LAND-USE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; TILLAMOOK BAY; YAQUINA BAY; DATA SETS; INDICATORS AB Red alder (Alnus rubra), a nitrogen(N)-fixing deciduous broadleaf tree, can strongly influence N concentrations in western Oregon and Washington. We compiled a database of stream N and GIS-derived landscape characteristics in order to examine geographic variation in N across the Oregon Coast Range. Basal area of alder, expressed as a percent of watershed area, accounted for 37% and 38% of the variation in summer nitrate and total N (TN) concentrations, respectively. Relationships between alder and nitrate were strongest in winter when streamflow and landscape connections are highest. Distance to the coast and latitude, potential surrogates for sea salt inputs, and watershed area were also related to nitrate concentrations in an all-subsets regression analysis, which accounted for 46% of the variation in summer nitrate concentrations. The model with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion did not include developed or agricultural land cover, probably because few watersheds in our database had substantial levels of these land cover classes. Our results provide evidence, at a regional scale, that background sources and processes cause many Coast Range streams to exceed proposed nutrient criteria, and that the prevalence of a single tree species (N-fixing red alder) exerts a dominant control over stream N concentrations across this region. C1 [Greathouse, Effie A.; Compton, Jana E.; Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Greathouse, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM effieg@gmail.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX Thanks to Patti Haggerty and Tad Larsen for essential assistance with GIS analyses. Many individuals generously shared data and provided assistance in understanding databases and dataset coding, including: Alan Herlihy, Robbins Church, Kathy Motter, Rachael Gruen (USEPA data); Sigrid Schwind, Allen Hamel, Richard Myzak, Steve Mrazik, Leslie Merrick, Aaron Borisenko, Raeann Haynes, Chris Redman (OR DEQ data); Linda Ashkenas, Sherri Johnson, Kirsten Gallo (Trask Watershed study and USFS data); Diana Walker, Paul Measeles, Janet Ohmann (GIS layers). This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and approved for publication after USEPA review. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, and the mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1383 EP 1400 DI 10.1111/jawr.12194 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Frankenberger, JR Sui, YH Bowling, LC AF Jiang, Yan Frankenberger, Jane R. Sui, Yinghui Bowling, Laura C. TI ESTIMATION OF NONPOINT SOURCE NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN INDIANA RIVERS BASED ON AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE IN THE WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural nitrate; nonpoint source; tile drainage; regression model ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; SAMPLING FREQUENCY; SUBSURFACE DRAINS; NITROGEN LOADS; NUTRIENT LOADS; HYPOXIA; BASIN; UNCERTAINTIES AB Subsurface tile-drained agricultural fields are known to be important contributors to nitrate in surface water in the Midwest, but the effect of these fields on nitrate at the watershed scale is difficult to quantify. Data for 25 watersheds monitored by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management and located near a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage were used to investigate the relationship between flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) of nitrate-N and the subsurface tile-drained area (DA) of the watershed. The tile DA was estimated from soil drainage class, land use, and slope. Nitrate loads from point sources were estimated based on reported flows of major permitted facilities with mean nitrate-N concentrations from published sources. Linear regression models exhibited a statistically significant relationship between annual/monthly nonpoint source (NPS) nitrate-N and DA percentage. The annual model explained 71% of the variation in FWMC of nitrate-N. The annual and monthly models were tested in 10 additional watersheds, most with absolute errors within 1mg/l in the predicted FWMC. These models can be used to estimate NPS nitrate for unmonitored watersheds in similar areas, especially for drained agricultural areas where model performance was strongest, and to predict the nitrate reduction when various tile drainage management techniques are employed. C1 [Jiang, Yan] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. [Frankenberger, Jane R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. [Sui, Yinghui] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. [Bowling, Laura C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47904 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), US EPA, 944 Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. EM enaj1125@gmail.com RI Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1501 EP 1514 DI 10.1111/jawr.12216 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900011 ER PT J AU Jessup, BK Kaufmann, PR John, F Guevara, LS Joseph, S AF Jessup, Benjamin K. Kaufmann, Philip R. John, Forrest Guevara, Lynette S. Joseph, Seva TI BEDDED SEDIMENT CONDITIONS AND MACROINVERTEBRATE RESPONSES IN NEW MEXICO STREAMS: A FIRST STEP IN ESTABLISHING SEDIMENT CRITERIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE environmental impacts; Relative Bed Stability; channel morphology; sediment; invertebrates ID WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; FINE SEDIMENT; UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC INDEX; THRESHOLDS; REGRESSION; STABILITY; ROUGHNESS AB Excess fine sediments in streambeds are among the most pervasive causes of degradation in streams of the United States. Simple criteria for acceptable streambed fines are elusive because streambed fines and biotic tolerances vary widely in the absence of human disturbances. In response to the need for sediment benchmarks that are protective of minimum aquatic life uses under the Clean Water Act, we undertook a case study using surveys of sediment, physical habitat, and macroinvertebrates from New Mexico streams. Our approach uses weight of evidence to develop suggested benchmarks for protective levels of surficial bedded sediments <0.06mm (silt and finer) and <2.0mm (sand and finer). We grouped streams into three ecoregions that were expected to produce similar naturally occurring streambed textures and patterns of response to human disturbances. Within ecoregions, we employed stressor response models to estimate fine sediment percentages and bed stability that are tolerated by resident macroinvertebrates. We then compared individual stream sediment data with distributions among least-disturbed reference sites to determine deviation from natural conditions, accounting for natural variability across ecoregion, gradient, and drainage area. This approach for developing benchmark values could be applied more widely to provide a solid basis for developing bedded sediment criteria and other protective management strategies in other regions. C1 [Jessup, Benjamin K.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab ORD, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [John, Forrest] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Guevara, Lynette S.; Joseph, Seva] Surface Water Qual Bur, New Mexico Environm Dept, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Jessup, BK (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, 73 Main St,Suite 38, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM benjamin.jessup@tetratech.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-08-004] FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through contract EP-C-08-004 to Tetra Tech, Inc. Field survey data were provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Wadeable Streams Assessment and Western Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programs. James Hogan of the New Mexico Environment Department provided insightful suggestions and interpretations throughout the analyses. Angel Kosfisher of EPA Region 6 conducted GIS analyses. Erik Leppo of Tetra Tech helped in data management and analysis. Revisions suggested by Bob Ozretich, John Faustini, Lil Herger, and Larry Willis improved the manuscript, as did the comments provided by the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers. This paper was subjected to peer and administrative review at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1558 EP 1574 DI 10.1111/jawr.12224 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900015 ER PT J AU Tollefsen, KE Scholz, S Cronin, MT Edwards, SW de Knecht, J Crofton, K Garcia-Reyero, N Hartung, T Worth, A Patlewicz, G AF Tollefsen, Knut Erik Scholz, Stefan Cronin, Mark T. Edwards, Stephen W. de Knecht, Joop Crofton, Kevin Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Hartung, Thomas Worth, Andrew Patlewicz, Grace TI Applying Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to support Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP); Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA); (Q)SAR; Read-across; High throughput screening (HTS); High content screening (HCS); Cross species extrapolation ID SCREENING CONTACT ALLERGENS; ALKYLATED NON-PHENOLICS; IN-VITRO; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CELL-LINE; SKIN SENSITIZATION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; PEPTIDE REACTIVITY AB Chemical regulation is challenged by the large number of chemicals requiring assessment for potential human health and environmental impacts. Current approaches are too resource intensive in terms of time, money and animal use to evaluate all chemicals under development or already on the market. The need for timely and robust decision making demands that regulatory toxicity testing becomes more cost-effective and efficient. One way to realize this goal is by being more strategic in directing testing resources; focusing on chemicals of highest concern, limiting testing to the most probable hazards, or targeting the most vulnerable species. Hypothesis driven Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) have been proposed as practical solutions to such strategic testing. In parallel, the development of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework, which provides information on the causal links between a molecular initiating event (MIE), intermediate key events (KEs) and an adverse outcome (AO) of regulatory concern, offers the biological context to facilitate development of IATA for regulatory decision making. This manuscript summarizes discussions at the Workshop entitled "Advancing AOPs for Integrated Toxicology and Regulatory Applications" with particular focus on the role AOPs play in informing the development of IATA for different regulatory purposes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tollefsen, Knut Erik] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Scholz, Stefan] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Bioanalyt Ecotoxicol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Cronin, Mark T.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Biomol Sci, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Edwards, Stephen W.; Crofton, Kevin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [de Knecht, Joop] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Environm Directorate, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS USA. [Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Worth, Andrew] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Syst Toxicol Unit, Ispra, Varese, Italy. [Patlewicz, Grace] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Patlewicz, G (reprint author), DuPont Haskell Global Ctr, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM knut.erik.tollefsen@niva.no; stefan.scholz@ufz.de; M.T.Cronin@ljmu.ac.uk; Edwards.Stephen@epa.gov; Joop.DEKNECHT@oecd.org; Crofton.Kevin@epa.gov; natalia@icnanotox.org; thartung@jhsph.edu; Andrew.WORTH@ec.europa.eu; patlewig@hotmail.com RI Scholz, Stefan/B-7776-2014; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Scholz, Stefan/0000-0002-6990-4716; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Patlewicz, Grace/0000-0003-3863-9689 FU American Chemistry Council (ACC); BioDetection Systems; European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC); Environment Canada; European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Centre; Human Toxicology Project Consortium; International Life Sciences Institute - Health and Environmental Science Institute; Research Council of Norway [221455]; Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC); US Army Engineer Research and Development Center; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The content of this paper is the result of an international expert workshop on Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP5) for Integrated Toxicology and Regulatory Applications. Support for the workshop was provided by the American Chemistry Council (ACC), BioDetection Systems, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Environment Canada, European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Human Toxicology Project Consortium, International Life Sciences Institute - Health and Environmental Science Institute, The Research Council of Norway (Grant No. 221455), Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors acknowledge the workshop organizing committee, and all workshop participants for both plenary and informal discussions that influenced the content presented here. The views expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the organizations the authors are affiliated with or the sponsors. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by any of the author organizations or sponsors.; The participation of Tatiana Netzeva and Alberto Martin Aparicio from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in the discussions of the workshop is also acknowledged. The views expressed at the workshop represented the personal opinion of the experts as individual scientists and regulatory professionals and do not constitute an official position of ECHA.; The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or the governments of its member countries.; The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 113 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 11 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 70 IS 3 BP 629 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.009 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AU7ZO UT WOS:000345816900007 PM 25261300 ER PT J AU Crump, KS Bussard, DA Chen, C Jinot, J AF Crump, Kenny S. Bussard, D. A. Chen, C. Jinot, J. TI The "bottom-up" approach does not necessarily bound low-dose risk SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Bussard, D. A.; Chen, C.; Jinot, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Crump, KS (reprint author), 2220 S Vienna St, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM KennyCrump@email.com; Bussard.David@epa.gov; chaochen25@comcast.net; Jinot.Jennifer@epa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 70 IS 3 BP 735 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.008 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AU7ZO UT WOS:000345816900020 PM 25455229 ER PT J AU Foley, KM Napelenok, SL Jang, C Phillips, S Hubbell, BJ Fulcher, CM AF Foley, Kristen M. Napelenok, Sergey L. Jang, Carey Phillips, Sharon Hubbell, Bryan J. Fulcher, Charles M. TI Two reduced form air quality modeling techniques for rapidly calculating pollutant mitigation potential across many sources, locations and precursor emission types SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CMAQ-DDM; Response surface model; Emission controls; PM2.5; Ozone ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NONLINEAR RESPONSE; OZONE; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; IMPACT; CHINA AB Due to the computational cost of running regional-scale numerical air quality models, reduced form models (RFM) have been proposed as computationally efficient simulation tools for characterizing the pollutant response to many different types of emission reductions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed two types of reduced form models based upon simulations of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. One is based on statistical response surface modeling (RSM) techniques using a multidimensional kriging approach to approximate the nonlinear chemical and physical processes. The second approach is based on using sensitivity coefficients estimated with the Decoupled Direct Method in 3 dimensions (CMAQ-DDM-3D) in a Taylor series approximation for the nonlinear response of the pollutant concentrations to changes in emissions from specific sectors and locations. Both types of reduced form models are used to estimate the changes in O-3 and PM2.5 across space associated with emission reductions of NOx and SO2 from power plants and other sectors in the eastern United States. This study provides a direct comparison of the RSM- and DDM-3D-based tools in terms of: computational cost, model performance against brute force runs, and model response to changes in emission inputs. For O-3, the DDM-3D RFM had slightly better performance on average for low to moderate emission cuts compared to the kriging-based RSM, but over-predicted O-3 disbenefits from cuts to mobile source NOx in very urban areas. The RSM approach required more up-front computational cost and produced some spurious O-3 increases in response to reductions in power plant emissions. However the RSM provided more accurate predictions for PM2.5 and for predictions of very large emission cuts (e.g. -60 to -90%). This comparison indicates that there are some important differences in the output of the two approaches that should be taken under consideration when interpreting results for a given application. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Foley, Kristen M.; Napelenok, Sergey L.; Jang, Carey; Phillips, Sharon; Hubbell, Bryan J.; Fulcher, Charles M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Foley, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM foley.kristen@epa.gov OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.046 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000030 ER PT J AU Nallathamby, PD Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Rubitschun, C Surratt, JD Usenko, S Sheesley, RJ AF Nallathamby, Punith Dev Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Rubitschun, Caitlin Surratt, Jason D. Usenko, Sascha Sheesley, Rebecca J. TI Qualitative and quantitative assessment of unresolved complex mixture in PM2.5 of Bakersfield, CA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Southern California; Semi-volatile organic carbon; Traffic emissions; PM2.5 ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; N-ALKANES; UNITED-STATES; OIL-SPILL; EMISSIONS; HYDROCARBONS; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS AB The 2010 CalNex (California Nexus) field experiment offered an opportunity for detailed characterization of atmospheric particulate carbon composition and sources in Bakersfield, CA. In the current study, the authors describe and employ a new protocol for reporting unresolved complex mixture (UCM) in over 30 daily samples. The Bakersfield, CA site has significant contribution from UCM, 2.9 +/- 2.2% of the daily OC, which makes it an ideal first application. The new protocol reports two UCM peaks for Bakersfield with unique mean vapor pressure, retention time, mass spectra and daily ambient concentration trends. The first UCM peak, UCM-A, was comprised of semi-volatile compounds including alkanes, alkenes, and allcynes, with a mean vapor pressure of 2E-04 Tort and medium to heavy-duty diesel exhaust as a likely source. The second UCM peak, UCM-B, was comprised of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes, with a mean vapor pressure of 1E-08 Torr. UCM-B had strong similarities to UCM in the NIST Standard Reference Material 1649b (urban dust) and to previously reported, detailed UCM for a representative Bakersfield sample, with possible sources including: motor vehicle exhaust, agricultural activities, and construction activities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nallathamby, Punith Dev; Usenko, Sascha; Sheesley, Rebecca J.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Rubitschun, Caitlin; Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sheesley, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, OBP 97266, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM rebecca_sheesley@baylor.edu RI Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Sheesley, Rebecca/I-6655-2015; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Sheesley, Rebecca/0000-0002-8187-0571 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070]; Baylor University; University Research Committee; C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript has been subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This study was supported in part by Baylor University funds including the University Research Committee and the C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000039 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Vedantham, R Bhave, PV Pouliot, GA Kwok, RHF AF Napelenok, Sergey L. Vedantham, Ram Bhave, Prakash V. Pouliot, George A. Kwok, Roger H. F. TI Source-receptor reconciliation of fine-particulate emissions from residential wood combustion in the southeastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; Residential wood combustion; Carbon; Air quality model; Source apportionment ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; PM2.5; COMPONENTS; HEALTH; IMPACT; CARBON; SMOKE; MODIS AB An extensive collection of speciated PM2.5 measurements including organic tracers permitted a detailed examination of the emissions from residential wood combustion (RWC) in the southeastern United States over an entire year (2007). The Community Multiscale Air Quality model-based Integrated Source Apportionment Method (CMAQ-ISAM) was used in combination with the U.S. National Emissions Inventory (NEI) to compute source contributions from ten categories of biomass combustion, including RWC. A novel application of the receptor-based statistical model, Unmix, was used to subdivide the observed concentrations of levoglucosan, a unique tracer of biomass combustion. Using the CMAQ-ISAM and Unmix models together, we find that the emission-based RWC contribution to ambient carbonaceous PM2.5 predicted by the model is approximately a factor of two lower than indicated by observations. Recommendations for improving the temporal allocation of the emissions are proposed and tested to show a potential improvement in model RWC predictions, quantified by approximately 15% less bias. Further improvements in the sector predictions could be achieved with a survey-based analysis of detailed RWC emission patterns. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Napelenok, Sergey L.; Vedantham, Ram; Bhave, Prakash V.; Pouliot, George A.; Kwok, Roger H. F.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000049 ER PT J AU Christensen, K Sobus, J Phillips, M Blessinger, T Lorber, M Tan, YM AF Christensen, Krista Sobus, Jon Phillips, Martin Blessinger, Todd Lorber, Matthew Tan, Yu-Mei TI Changes in epidemiologic associations with different exposure metrics: A case study of phthalate exposure associations with body mass index and waist circumference SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Exposure metric; Phthalates; BMI; WC; Bias ID HUMAN HEALTH-RISKS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; BISPHENOL-A; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; LIPID ADJUSTMENT; METABOLITES; SAMPLES; VARIABILITY; CHILDREN AB The use of human biomonitoring data to characterize exposure to environmental contaminants in epidemiology studies has expanded greatly in recent years. Substantial variability in effect measures may arise when using different exposure metrics for a given contaminant, and it is often not clear which metric is the best surrogate for the 'causal' or 'true' exposure. Here we evaluated variability and potential bias in epidemiologic associations resulting from the use of different phthalate exposure metrics in the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We examined associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and the outcomes of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We examined each of the following NHANES-derived exposure metrics for metabolites of individual phthalates: molar excretion rate (nmol/min), molar amount (nmol), molar concentration (nmol/mL, with and without additional model adjustment for creatinine), creatinine corrected molar concentration (nmol/g creatinine), and reconstructed daily phthalate intake (nmol/kg/day). In order to investigate potential biasing effect of each metric, we first assumed that daily intake of the parent phthalate is the causal exposure. We then constructed a simulated population based on the 2009-2010 NHANES, and randomly assigned each individual a di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) intake dose based on a published distribution, but independent of any other factor. Accordingly, all associations between these randomly assigned intake doses and individuals' BMI and WC should be null. Next, demographic data in the NHANES were incorporated into a pharmacokinetic model to predict urinary molar excretions of five DEHP metabolites based on the randomly assigned DEHP intake. The predicted molar excretions were then used to calculate the same exposure metrics listed above. Three exposure metrics (randomly generated intake, excretion rate, urine concentration) showed no significant associations with BMI, which supports the null hypothesis stated above. In contrast, metrics adjusted for creatinine showed a significant negative correlation, and reconstructed daily intake showed a significant positive correlation, indicating the introduction of bias away from the true (i.e., null) association. Interestingly, trends in the simulation analysis were similar to those seen in the observed NHANES data. Our findings show that, at least in this example case, the choice of exposure metric can introduce significant bias of varying magnitude and direction into the calculation of epidemiologic associations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Christensen, Krista; Blessinger, Todd; Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sobus, Jon; Tan, Yu-Mei] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Phillips, Martin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. RP Christensen, K (reprint author), Bur Environm & Occupat Hlth, Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, 1 W Wilson St,Rm 150, Madison, WI 53701 USA. OI Phillips, Martin/0000-0002-6282-529X NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.010 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700008 PM 25090576 ER PT J AU Jhun, I Fann, N Zanobetti, A Hubbell, B AF Jhun, Iny Fann, Neal Zanobetti, Antonella Hubbell, Bryan TI Effect modification of ozone-related mortality risks by temperature in 97 US cities SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Temperature; Mortality; Effect modification; Air conditioning ID AIR-POLLUTION; NATIONAL MORBIDITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; TIME-SERIES; NMMAPS DATA; COMMUNITIES; METAANALYSIS; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; MODIFY AB Many time-series studies have characterized the relationship between short-term ozone exposure and adverse health outcomes, controlling for temperature as a confounder. Temperature may also modify ozone effects, though this has been largely under-investigated. In this study, we explored whether temperature modifies the effect of short-term ozone exposure on mortality. We used the database developed for the National Morbidity and Mortality Air Pollution Study to estimate ozone mortality risks in 97 US cities in May through September, 1987-2000. We treated temperature as a confounder as well as an effect modifier by estimating risks at low, moderate, and high temperature categories. When temperature was treated as a confounder, a 10-ppb increase in daily 24-h ozone was associated with a 0.47% (95% CI: 0.19%-0.76%) increase in mortality. When we assessed effect modification by temperature, the interaction between ozone and temperature was not statistically significant However, there was a U-shaped pattern in mortality risk, which was greater at the low (<25th percentile) and high (>75th percentile) temperature levels than moderate temperature levels. At the high temperature category, a 10% increase in AC prevalence mitigated mortality risk associated with 10-ppb of ozone exposure by -0.18% (95% CI: -0.35%, -0.02%). Furthermore, ozone mortality risk in the high temperature category increased as we restricted our analyses to hotter days. On days where temperatures exceeded the 75th, 90th, and 95th percentile temperatures, a 10-ppb increase in ozone was associated with a 0.65% (95% CI: 0.20%-1.09%), 0.83% (95% CI: 0.17%-1.48%), and 135% (95% CI: 0.44%-2.27%) increase in mortality, respectively. These results suggested that high temperatures may exacerbate physiological responses to short-term ozone exposure. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jhun, Iny; Zanobetti, Antonella] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fann, Neal; Hubbell, Bryan] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jhun, I (reprint author), 401 Pk Dr,Landmark 4 West,Rm 412 J, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM iny@mail.harvard.edu OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 FU EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies fellowship; Harvard School of Public Health scholarship FX This work was made possible by the EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies fellowship and the Harvard School of Public Health scholarship. We thank the journal reviewers for their suggestions on the AC prevalence analyses. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700015 PM 25113626 ER PT J AU LaKind, JS Sobus, JR Goodman, M Barr, DB Furst, P Albertini, RJ Arbuckle, TE Schoeters, G Tan, YM Teeguarden, J Tornero-Velez, R Weisel, CP AF LaKind, Judy S. Sobus, Jon R. Goodman, Michael Barr, Dana Boyd Fuerst, Peter Albertini, Richard J. Arbuckle, Tye E. Schoeters, Greet Tan, Yu-Mei Teeguarden, Justin Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Weisel, Clifford P. TI A proposal for assessing study quality: Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-lived Chemicals (BEES-C) instrument SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE BEES-C; Biomonitoring; Ubiquitous chemicals; Short physiologic half-life; Evaluation instrument; Environmental epidemiology ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 24-H URINE SAMPLES; BISPHENOL-A; NONDIFFERENTIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PYRETHROID METABOLITES; HYPOTHESIS GENERATION; PHTHALATE METABOLITES AB The quality of exposure assessment is a major determinant of the overall quality of any environmental epidemiology study. The use of biomonitoring as a tool for assessing exposure to ubiquitous chemicals with short physiologic half-lives began relatively recently. These chemicals present several challenges, including their presence in analytical laboratories and sampling equipment, difficulty in establishing temporal order in cross-sectional studies, short- and long-term variability in exposures and biomarker concentrations, and a paucity of information on the number of measurements required for proper exposure classification. To date, the scientific community has not developed a set of systematic guidelines for designing, implementing and interpreting studies of short-lived chemicals that use biomonitoring as,the exposure metric or for evaluating the quality of this type of research for WOE assessments or for peer review of grants or publications. We describe key issues that affect epidemiology studies using biomonitoring data on short-lived chemicals and propose a systematic instrument - the Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-lived Chemicals (BEES-C) instrument - for evaluating the quality of research proposals and studies that incorporate biomonitoring data on short-lived chemicals. Quality criteria for three areas considered fundamental to the evaluation of epidemiology studies that include biological measurements of short-lived chemicals are described: 1) biomarker selection and measurement, 2) study design and execution, and 3) general epidemiological study design considerations. We recognize that the development of an evaluative tool such as BEES-C is neither simple nor non-controversial. We hope and anticipate that the instrument will initiate further discussion/debate on this topic. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [LaKind, Judy S.] LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [LaKind, Judy S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, College Pk, MD USA. [LaKind, Judy S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sobus, Jon R.; Tan, Yu-Mei; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goodman, Michael] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Barr, Dana Boyd] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Fuerst, Peter] Munsterland Emscher Lippe CVUA MEL, Chem & Vet Analyt Inst, D-48151 Munster, Germany. [Albertini, Richard J.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Underhill Ctr, VT 05490 USA. [Arbuckle, Tye E.] Hlth Canada, Populat Studies Div, Hlth Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Schoeters, Greet] VITO, Environm Risk & Hlth Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Schoeters, Greet] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biomed Sci, Antwerp, Belgium. [Teeguarden, Justin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Weisel, Clifford P.] UMDNJ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM lakindassoc@gmail.com; Sobus.Jon@epa.gov; mgoodm2@emory.edu; dbbarr@emory.edu; Peter.Fuerst@cvua-mel.de; Ralbert315@aol.com; Tye.Arbuckle@hc-sc.gc.ca; greet.schoeters@vito.be; Tan.Cecilia@epa.gov; jt@pnnl.gov; Tornero-Velez.Rogelio@epa.gov; weisel@eohsi.rutgers.edu OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 FU Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group of the American Chemistry Council (ACC) FX The Workshop was sponsored by Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group of the American Chemistry Council (ACC). ACC was not involved in the design, management, or development of the Workshop or in the preparation or approval of the manuscript Workshop participants or their affiliated organizations received an honorarium (except JSL, ES, GS, JS, JT, Y-MT, RT-V, TA) and travel support (except TA, Y-MT, DB, ES). JSL received support for Workshop development and facilitation; JSL consults to governmental and private sectors. MG regularly serves as a consultant for the government and for the private sector. No other competing interests are declared. NR 122 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.011 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700023 PM 25137624 ER PT J AU Xue, JP Zartarian, V Tornero-Velez, R Tulve, NS AF Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Tulve, Nicolle S. TI EPA's SHEDS-multimedia model: Children's cumulative pyrethroid exposure estimates and evaluation against NHANES biomarker data SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE SHEDS-Multimedia; Pyrethroids; Cumulative; Exposure; Dose; Model ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DERMAL ABSORPTION; INSECTICIDES; PERMETHRIN; CYPERMETHRIN; METABOLITES; POPULATION; PESTICIDES; PLAYSETS; DIETARY AB The U.S. EPA's SHEDS-Multimedia model was applied to enhance the understanding of children's exposures and doses to multiple pyrethroid pesticides, including major contributing chemicals and pathways. This paper presents combined dietary and residential exposure estimates and cumulative doses for seven commonly used pyrethroids, and comparisons of model evaluation results with NHANES biomarker data for 3-PBA and DCCA metabolites. Model input distributions were fit to publicly available pesticide usage survey data, NHANES, and other studies, then SHEDS-Multimedia was applied to estimate total pyrethroid exposures and doses for 35 year olds for one year variability simulations. For dose estimations we used a pharmacokinetic model and two approaches for simulating dermal absorption. SHEDS-Multimedia predictions compared well to NHANES biomarker data: ratios of 3-PBA observed data to SHEDS-Multimedia modeled results were 0.88, 0.51, 0.54 and 1.02 for mean, median, 95th, and 99th percentiles, respectively; for DCCA, the ratios were 0.82, 0.53, 0.56, and 0.94. Modeled time-averaged cumulative absorbed dose of the seven pyrethroids was 3.1 nmol/day (versus 8.4 nmol/day for adults) in the general population (residential pyrethroid use and non-use homes) and 6.7 nmol/day (versus 10.5 nmol/day for adults) in the simulated residential pyrethroid use population. For the general population, contributions to modeled cumulative dose by chemical were permethrin (60%), cypermethrin (22%), and cyfluthrin (16%); for residential use homes, contributions were cypermethrin (49%), permethrin (29%), and cyfiuthrin (17%). The primary exposure route for 3-5 year olds in the simulated residential use population was non-dietary ingestion exposure; whereas for the simulated general population, dietary exposure was the primary exposure route. Below the 95th percentile, the major exposure pathway was dietary for the general population; non-dietary ingestion was the major pathway starting below the 70th percentile for the residential use population. The new dermal absorption methodology considering surface loading had some impact, but did not change the order of key pathways. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xue, Jianping; Zartarian, Valerie; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio; Tulve, Nicolle S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Xue, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM xue.jianping@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to agency administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 73 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3WE UT WOS:000345540700035 PM 25192887 ER PT J AU Meyer, KM Tufts, JA Calfee, MW Oudejans, L AF Meyer, K. M. Tufts, J. A. Calfee, M. W. Oudejans, L. TI Efficacy of sporicidal wipes for inactivation of a Bacillus anthracis surrogate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus atrophaeus; biological agent; decontamination; sporicidal wipe ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE SPORES; MICROBICIDAL ACTIVITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; DISINFECTION METHODS; LABORATORY-SCALE; DECONTAMINATION; CONTAMINATION AB AimsTo evaluate five commercially available sporicidal wipes and two disinfecting wipes for their ability to inactivate Bacillus atrophaeus spores deposited onto various material surfaces. Methods and ResultsDecontamination efficacy of the wipes was initially tested on glass Petri dishes (150mm diameter). Following exposure for a specified time of contact, survival of the spores was assessed by quantification of the remaining viable spores, both on the coupon surface and on the towelette itself, with efficacy quantified in terms of mean log reduction. Based on these data, five wipes were down-selected for evaluation on a larger scale, using 36x36cm coupons of five different material types. ConclusionsResults suggest that sodium hypochlorite-based sporicidal wipes were most effective, having completely inactivated the Bacillus spores on the glass Petri dish and several materials. Additionally, results demonstrate that the manufacturer-prescribed contact times for Clostridium difficile achieved a 6 log(10) reduction of B.atrophaeus spores. Moreover, commercially available disinfecting wipes were not able to kill Bacillus spores as evaluated. Significance and Impact of the StudyThese data show the potential of sporicidal wipes for decontamination of small, contained areas of biological contamination and may help on-scene coordinators develop remediation plans following a biological terrorism event. C1 [Meyer, K. M.; Tufts, J. A.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Calfee, M. W.; Oudejans, L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Oudejans, L (reprint author), US EPA, MD E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM oudejans.lukas@epa.gov OI Calfee, Michael/0000-0001-6544-329X FU U.S. Department of Energy; EPA FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the critical reviews by Shannon Serre (EPA's Office of Research and Development on detail with EPA's Office of Emergency Management) and Frank Schaefer (EPA's Office of Research and Development). This manuscript has been subject to an administrative review; the views expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the view or policies of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred, as the EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1634 EP 1644 DI 10.1111/jam.12648 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AU3JZ UT WOS:000345510300010 PM 25220421 ER PT J AU Omernik, JM Griffith, GE AF Omernik, James M. Griffith, Glenn E. TI Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States: Evolution of a Hierarchical Spatial Framework SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecoregions; Spatial frameworks; Ecosystem management; Regionalization; United States; North America ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; USA; ECOREGIONALIZATION; CLASSIFICATION; PERSPECTIVES; DELINEATION AB A map of ecological regions of the conterminous United States, first published in 1987, has been greatly refined and expanded into a hierarchical spatial framework in response to user needs, particularly by state resource management agencies. In collaboration with scientists and resource managers from numerous agencies and institutions in the United States, Mexico, and Canada, the framework has been expanded to cover North America, and the original ecoregions (now termed Level III) have been refined, subdivided, and aggregated to identify coarser as well as more detailed spatial units. The most generalized units (Level I) define 10 ecoregions in the conterminous U.S., while the finest-scale units (Level IV) identify 967 ecoregions. In this paper, we explain the logic underpinning the approach, discuss the evolution of the regional mapping process, and provide examples of how the ecoregions were distinguished at each hierarchical level. The variety of applications of the ecoregion framework illustrates its utility in resource assessment and management. C1 [Omernik, James M.; Griffith, Glenn E.] US EPA, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Griffith, GE (reprint author), US EPA, US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM omernik.james@epa.gov; ggriffith@usgs.gov NR 112 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1266 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0364-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7EN UT WOS:000345099900002 PM 25223620 ER PT J AU Clark, BW Bone, AJ Di Giulio, RT AF Clark, Bryan W. Bone, A. J. Di Giulio, R. T. TI Resistance to teratogenesis by F1 and F2 embryos of PAH-adapted Fundulus heteroclitus is strongly inherited despite reduced recalcitrance of the AHR pathway SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fundulus heteroclitus; Aryl hydrocarbon pathway; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pollution adaptation; Cardiac teratogenesis ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SITE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ATLANTIC KILLIFISH; ELIZABETH RIVER; ALTERED EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR AGONISTS; SUPERFUND SITE; IN-VITRO; FISH AB Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (Portsmouth, VA, USA) are exposed to a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from former creosote operations, but are resistant to the acute toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis caused by PAHs. The resistance is associated with a dramatic recalcitrance to induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP1) metabolism enzymes following exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists, along with an elevated antioxidant response and increased expression of several other xenobiotic metabolism and excretion enzymes. However, the heritability of the resistance in the absence of chemical stressors has been inconsistently demonstrated. Understanding the heritability of this resistance will help clarify the nature of population-level responses to chronic exposure to PAH mixtures and aid in identifying the important mechanistic components of resistance to aryl hydrocarbons. We compared the response of Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos to benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and a mixture of BkF and fluoranthene (Fl) to that of F1 embryos of reference site killifish. Resistance to cardiac teratogenesis and induction of CYP mRNA expression and CYP activity was determined. We found that both Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos were highly resistance to cardiac teratogenesis. However, the resistance by Atlantic Wood F2 embryos to induction of CYP mRNA expression and enzyme activity was intermediate between that of Atlantic Wood F1 embryos and reference embryos. These results suggest that resistance to cardiac teratogenesis in Atlantic Wood fish is conferred by multiple factors, not all of which appear to be fully genetically heritable. C1 [Clark, Bryan W.; Bone, A. J.; Di Giulio, R. T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Clark, BW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM bwclark8@gmail.com OI Bone, Audrey/0000-0002-8853-0553 FU National Institute of Environmental Health [P42ES10356]; Duke University Integrated Toxicology Program [T32ES007031] FX We thank Dr. Cole Matson, Dr. Lauren Wills, Dr. Dawoon Jung, Dr. Lindsey Garner, and Daniel Brown for their assistance with fish collection and exposure. This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health supported Superfund Research Program (P42ES10356) and Duke University Integrated Toxicology Program (T32ES007031). NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 21 IS 24 BP 13898 EP 13908 DI 10.1007/s11356-013-2446-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU0LN UT WOS:000345314500018 PM 24374617 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Pollard, AI AF Yuan, Lester L. Pollard, Amina I. TI Classifying lakes to improve precision of nutrient-chlorophyll relationships SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stressor-response; nutrients; chlorophyll; classification ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MODEL SEARCH; FRESH-WATER; PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION; CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; TREES; TEMPERATURE AB Accurate and precise estimates of relationships between stressors and environmental responses can inform management decisions most usefully when models can be easily interpreted. Here, we describe an approach for classifying lakes and reservoirs that can improve estimates of the relationships between total P (TP) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, while preserving a model that can be readily interpreted by environmental managers and stakeholders. We selected classification variables statistically with a classification and regression tree in which relationships between TP and chl a were the terminal nodes of the tree. We developed a set of classification trees from bootstrapped replicates of the calibration data to explore a broader range of possible trees. We chose a final tree based on its predictive performance with a validation data set. The total N:TP mass ratio was the classification variable selected most frequently from a broad array of biological, chemical, and physical candidate classification variables. Relationships between TP and chl a in the resulting lake classes provided predictions that were substantially more accurate than predictions computed using nutrient ecoregions based on aggregations of Omernik Level III ecoregions, but predictions from a random forest model that averaged an ensemble of trees were even more accurate. Thus, the classification approach presented here sacrifices a small amount of predictive accuracy to retain a tree structure that is readily interpretable. C1 [Yuan, Lester L.; Pollard, Amina I.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave,Mail Code 4304T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov; pollard.amina@epa.gov NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 37 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1194 DI 10.1086/678465 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT4PH UT WOS:000344922000016 ER PT J AU Mackie, JA Wostenberg, D Doan, M Craig, SF Darling, JA AF Mackie, Joshua A. Wostenberg, Darren Doan, Michael Craig, Sean F. Darling, John A. TI High-throughput Illumina sequencing and microsatellite design in Watersipora (Bryozoa), a complex of invasive species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE De novo sequencing; Non-indigenous species; Marine fouling organism AB The bryozoan genus Watersipora includes rapidly invading species that are becoming common globally. We used paired-end Illumina sequencing to identify thousands of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci, enabling researchers to track patterns of the invasive spread, and to facilitate ecological and evolutionary question setting. We describe variability of nine loci within recently introduced populations of two Watersipora species in California. C1 [Mackie, Joshua A.; Wostenberg, Darren] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Doan, Michael] ThermoFisher Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Craig, Sean F.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. RP Mackie, JA (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM joshuamackie@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0959894] FX Leslee Parr (SJSU), Frank Cipriano (San Francisco State University Genomics/Transcriptomics Analysis Core), Robert Macey (Profile Genomics), Dustin DeMeo (Profile Genomics, SJSU), Maria Bangal (SJSU), Cerise Chen (California Academy of Sciences), Reggie Blackwell (HSU), Jonathan Geller (Moss Landing Marine Laboratory), Steve Lonhart (South West Fisheries Science Center, NOAA), Alexander Poole (University of Colorado School of Medicine), Louise McKenzie (University of NSW), and the Data Intensive Academic Grid (DIAG) support staff (University of Maryland Institute for Genome Sciences) provided assistance or resources. Computation was conducted on the National Science Foundation funded MRI-R2 project #DBI-0959894. Though this study has been subjected to US EPA administrative review and approved for publication, its content does not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1055 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0286-5 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AS8EC UT WOS:000344481900063 ER PT J AU Gabriel, M Knightes, C Dennis, R Cooter, E AF Gabriel, Mark Knightes, Chris Dennis, Robin Cooter, Ellen TI Potential Impact of Clean Air Act Regulations on Nitrogen Fate and Transport in the Neuse River Basin: a Modeling Investigation Using CMAQ and SWAT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE SWAT model; CMAQ model; Clean Air Act; Nitrogen; Watershed ID NEW-YORK-STATE; NORTHEASTERN USA; UNITED-STATES; EASTERN USA; FRESH-WATER; PHASE-I; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; AMENDMENTS; EMISSIONS AB There has been extensive analysis of Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) regulation impacts to changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition; however, few studies have focused on watershed nitrogen transfer particularly regarding long-term predictions. In this study, we investigated impacts of CAAA NOx emissions on the fate and transport of nitrogen for two watersheds in the Neuse River Basin. We applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) using simulated deposition rates from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Two scenarios were investigated: one that considered CAAA emission controls in CMAQ simulation (with) and a second that did not (without). By 2020, results showed a 70 % drop in nitrogen discharge for the Little River watershed and a 50 % drop for the Nahunta watershed from 1990 levels under the with-CAAA scenario. Denitrification and plant nitrogen uptake played important roles in nitrogen discharge from each watershed. Nitrogen watershed response time to a change in atmospheric nitrogen deposition was 4 years for Nahunta and 2 years for Little River. We attribute these differences in nitrogen response time to contrasts in agricultural land use and diversity of crop types. Soybean, hay, and corn land covers had comparatively longer response times to changes in atmospheric deposition. The studied watersheds demonstrate relatively large nitrogen retention: >= 80 % of all delivered nitrogen. C1 [Gabriel, Mark; Knightes, Chris] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab NERL, Off Res & Dev ORD, Ecosystem Res Div ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Dennis, Robin; Cooter, Ellen] US EPA, ORD, NERL, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div AMAD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gabriel, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab NERL, Off Res & Dev ORD, Ecosystem Res Div ERD, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM marklive02@yahoo.com NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 EI 1573-2967 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 IS 6 BP 451 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10666-014-9410-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT0CI UT WOS:000344604200001 ER PT J AU Pearson, TRH Brown, S Sohngen, B Henman, J Ohrel, S AF Pearson, Timothy R. H. Brown, Sandra Sohngen, Brent Henman, Jennifer Ohrel, Sara TI Transaction costs for carbon sequestration projects in the tropical forest sector SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Carbon projects; Forest carbon; Mitigation; Transaction costs AB There is general consensus that carbon (C) sequestration projects in forests are a relatively low cost option for mitigating climate change, but most studies on the subject have assumed that transaction costs are negligible. The objectives of the study were to examine transaction costs for forest C sequestration projects and to determine the significance of the costs based on economic analyses. Here we examine four case studies of active C sequestration projects being implemented in tropical countries and developed for the C market. The results from the case studies were then used with a dynamic forest and land use economic model to investigate how transaction costs affect the efficiency and cost of forest C projects globally. In the case studies transaction costs ranged from 0.38 to 27 million US dollars ($0.09 to $7.71/t CO2) or 0.3 to 270 % of anticipated income depending principally on the price of C and project size. The three largest cost categories were insurance (under the voluntary market; 41-89 % of total costs), monitoring (3-42 %) and regulatory approval (8-50 %). The global analysis indicated that most existing estimates of marginal costs of C sequestration are underestimated by up to 30 % because transaction costs were not included. C1 [Pearson, Timothy R. H.; Brown, Sandra] Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Sohngen, Brent] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. [Henman, Jennifer] Climate Adapt Ltd, London, England. [Ohrel, Sara] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pearson, TRH (reprint author), Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, 2121 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM tpearson@winrock.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This paper was prepared with funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The opinions expressed in the report, however, are the authors' and do not reflect, necessarily, the views of the EPA. We express our great thanks to U.S. EPA Work Assignment Managers and to Heidi Ries of Stratus Consulting, Inc. We also acknowledge the assistance and generous provision of data from the anonymous case study projects. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 EI 1573-1596 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1209 EP 1222 DI 10.1007/s11027-013-9469-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT2YQ UT WOS:000344801000006 ER PT J AU Soller, JA Schoen, ME Varghese, A Ichida, AM Boehm, AB Eftim, S Ashbolt, NJ Ravenscroft, JE AF Soller, Jeffrey A. Schoen, Mary E. Varghese, Arun Ichida, Audrey M. Boehm, Alexandria B. Eftim, Sorina Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Ravenscroft, John E. TI Human health risk implications of multiple sources of faecal indicator bacteria in a recreational waterbody SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Recreational water; Quantitative microbial risk assessment; Microbial source apportionment; Faecal contamination ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; DOSE-RESPONSE; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; MARINE WATER; QUALITY; EXPOSURE; MARKERS AB We simulate the influence of multiple sources of enterococci (ENT) as faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in recreational water bodies on potential human health risk by considering waters impacted by human and animal sources, human and non-pathogenic sources, and animal and non-pathogenic sources. We illustrate that risks vary with the proportion of culturable ENT in water bodies derived from these sources and estimate corresponding ENT densities that yield the same level of health protection that the recreational water quality criteria in the United States seeks (benchmark risk). The benchmark risk is based on epidemiological studies conducted in water bodies predominantly impacted by human faecal sources. The key result is that the risks from mixed sources are driven predominantly by the proportion of the contamination source with the greatest ability to cause human infection (potency), not necessarily the greatest source(s) of FIB. Predicted risks from exposures to mixtures comprised of approximately 30% ENT from human sources were up to 50% lower than the risks expected from purely human sources when contamination is recent and ENT levels are at the current water quality criteria levels (35 CPU 100 mL(-1)). For human/non-pathogenic, human/gull, human/pig, and human/chicken faecal mixtures with relatively low human contribution, the predicted culturable enterococci densities that correspond to the benchmark risk are substantially greater than the current water quality criteria values. These findings are important because they highlight the potential applicability of site specific water quality criteria for waters that are predominantly un-impacted by human sources. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Soller, Jeffrey A.; Schoen, Mary E.] Soller Environm LLC, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Varghese, Arun; Ichida, Audrey M.; Eftim, Sorina] ICF Int LLC, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ravenscroft, John E.] US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Soller, JA (reprint author), Soller Environm LLC, 3022 King St, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. EM jsoller@sollerenvironmental.com OI Ravenscroft, John/0000-0002-8834-7310 FU U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology FX The research described in this article was funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology. This work has been subject to formal Agency review, but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We are grateful to Tim Bartrand for conducting the literature review for animal sources, Martha Embrey, Elizabeth Doyle, and Betsy Behl for providing invaluable review and technical edit of our draft manuscript, and Orin Shanks for insightful comments. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 66 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.026 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AT3GI UT WOS:000344823500024 PM 25222329 ER PT J AU Procter, AC Ellis, JC Fay, PA Polley, HW Jackson, RB AF Procter, Andrew C. Ellis, J. Christopher Fay, Philip A. Polley, H. Wayne Jackson, Robert B. TI Fungal Community Responses to Past and Future Atmospheric CO2 Differ by Soil Type SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOREST SOILS; ELEVATED CO2; GRASSLAND PRODUCTIVITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DIVERSITY; PLANT; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM AB Soils sequester and release substantial atmospheric carbon, but the contribution of fungal communities to soil carbon balance under rising CO2 is not well understood. Soil properties likely mediate these fungal responses but are rarely explored in CO2 experiments. We studied soil fungal communities in a grassland ecosystem exposed to a preindustrial-to-future CO2 gradient ( 250 to 500 ppm) in a black clay soil and a sandy loam soil. Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing of the rRNA gene cluster revealed that fungal community composition and its response to CO2 differed significantly between soils. Fungal species richness and relative abundance of Chytridiomycota ( chytrids) increased linearly with CO2 in the black clay ( P < 0.04, R-2 > 0.7), whereas the relative abundance of Glomeromycota ( arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) increased linearly with elevated CO2 in the sandy loam ( P = 0.02, R-2 = 0.63). Across both soils, decomposition rate was positively correlated with chytrid relative abundance ( r = 0.57) and, in the black clay soil, fungal species richness. Decomposition rate was more strongly correlated with microbial biomass ( r = 0.88) than with fungal variables. Increased labile carbon availability with elevated CO2 may explain the greater fungal species richness and Chytridiomycota abundance in the black clay soil, whereas increased phosphorus limitation may explain the increase in Glomeromycota at elevated O-2 in the sandy loam. Our results demonstrate that soil type plays a key role in soil fungal responses to rising atmospheric CO2. C1 [Procter, Andrew C.; Ellis, J. Christopher; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Fay, Philip A.; Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Procter, AC (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM acprocter@gmail.com OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU U. S. Department of Energy (Program in Ecosystem Research) [ER64242]; U. S. Department of Agriculture; Sigma Xi; National Science Foundation FX This project was supported by funding from the U. S. Department of Energy (Program in Ecosystem Research no. ER64242), the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Sigma Xi, and the National Science Foundation. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 IS 23 BP 7364 EP 7377 DI 10.1128/AEM.02083-14 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AS3FW UT WOS:000344163700027 PM 25239904 ER PT J AU Johansson, E Reponen, T Meller, J Vesper, S Yadav, J AF Johansson, Elisabet Reponen, Tiina Meller, Jarek Vesper, Stephen Yadav, Jagjit TI Association of Streptomyces community composition determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with indoor mold status SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Streptomyces; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; House dust; Mold; Decision trees ID DAMAGED BUILDING-MATERIALS; RELATIVE MOLDINESS INDEX; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; QUANTITATIVE PCR; HOUSE-DUST; CALIFORNICUS; HOMES; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; AIR AB Both Streptomyces species and mold species have previously been isolated from moisture-damaged building materials; however, an association between these two groups of microorganisms in indoor environments is not clear. In this study, we used a culture-independent method, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), to investigate the composition of the Streptomyces community in house dust. Twenty-three dust samples each from two sets of homes categorized as high-mold and low-mold based on mold-specific quantitative PCR analysis were used in the study. Taxonomic identification of prominent bands was performed by cloning and sequencing. Associations between DGGE amplicon band intensities and home mold status were assessed using univariate analyses as well as multivariate recursive partitioning (decision trees) to test the predictive value of combinations of bands intensities. In the final classification tree, a combination of two bands was significantly associated with mold status of the home (p = 0.001). The sequence corresponding to one of the bands in the final decision tree matched a group of Streptomyces species that included Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces sampsonii, both of which have been isolated from moisture-damaged buildings previously. The closest match for the majority of sequences corresponding to a second band consisted of a group of Streptomyces species that included Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an important producer of antibiotics and immunosuppressors. Taken together, the study showed that DGGE can be a useful tool for identifying bacterial species that may be more prevalent in mold-damaged buildings. C1 [Johansson, Elisabet; Reponen, Tiina; Meller, Jarek; Yadav, Jagjit] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johansson, E (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, 3333 Burnet Ave,ML 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Hanna.Johansson@cchmc.org FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pilot Research Project Training Program of the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center [T42/OH008432-05]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES10957, ES11170]; US Department of Housing and Urban Development [OHLHH0162-07] FX This study was partially supported by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pilot Research Project Training Program of the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center Grant #T42/OH008432-05. Additional funding came from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants ES10957 and ES11170. The home assessment was supported by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development grant #OHLHH0162-07. The authors would like to thank Dr Renuka Na and Dr Suman Pradhan for advice and assistance with the DGGE method. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 186 IS 12 BP 8773 EP 8783 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4071-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS6BF UT WOS:000344349200052 PM 25331035 ER PT J AU Seifert-Monson, LR Hill, BH Kolka, RK Jicha, TM Lehto, LL Elonen, CM AF Seifert-Monson, L. R. Hill, B. H. Kolka, R. K. Jicha, T. M. Lehto, L. L. Elonen, C. M. TI Effects of sulfate deposition on pore water dissolved organic carbon, nutrients, and microbial enzyme activities in a northern peatland SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric deposition; Dissolved organic carbon; Peatland; Phosphorus; Microbial enzyme activity ID RIVERINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; SURFACE WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOILS; EXPORT; EUTROPHICATION; STOICHIOMETRY; DECOMPOSITION; SUBSTANCES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Export of dissolved organic carbon from lakes and streams has increased throughout Europe and North America over the past several decades. One possible cause is altered deposition chemistry; specifically, decreasing sulfate inputs leading to changes in ionic strength and dissolved organic carbon solubility. To further investigate the relationship between deposition chemistry and dissolved organic carbon export in peatlands, a field experiment was conducted to compare the pore water chemistry and peat microbial enzyme activity of mesocosms receiving sulfate amendments to mesocosms receiving no additions. To consider how peatlands respond during recovery from increased inputs of sulfate, samples were also analyzed from an area of the same peatland that was previously amended with sulfate. Current additions of sulfate decreased dissolved organic carbon concentration and increased dissolved organic carbon aromaticity. Total dissolved phosphorus decreased in response to current sulfate amendments but was elevated in the area of the peatland recovering from sulfate amendment. The total dissolved phosphorus increase, which was reflected in microbial enzyme activity, may have shifted the system from P limitation to N limitation. This shift could have important consequences for ecosystem processes related to plant and microbial communities. It also suggests that the recovery from previous sulfate amendments may take longer than may be expected. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Seifert-Monson, L. R.] Univ Minnesota, Integrated Biosci Grad Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Hill, B. H.; Jicha, T. M.; Lehto, L. L.; Elonen, C. M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55894 USA. [Kolka, R. K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Seifert-Monson, LR (reprint author), 1411 North Rd, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM seif0073@d.umn.edu FU University of Minnesota-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative training partnership [CR83492801] FX The authors would like to thank researchers at the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest service, including Deacon Kyllander, Carrie Dorrance and Dr. Stephen Sebestyen, who provided general assistance, watershed data, and information on trends of dissolved organic matter export. Thanks to Dr. John Pastor and Dr. Josef Werne for advice on study design and previous versions of this manuscript. This research was funded through the University of Minnesota-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative training partnership (CR83492801). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 79 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.007 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AS7HX UT WOS:000344428600012 ER PT J AU Garcia-Alonso, M Hendley, P Bigler, F Mayeregger, E Parker, R Rubinstein, C Satorre, E Solari, F McLean, M AF Garcia-Alonso, Monica Hendley, Paul Bigler, Franz Mayeregger, Edgar Parker, Ronald Rubinstein, Clara Satorre, Emilio Solari, Fernando McLean, Morven A. TI Transportability of confined field trial data for environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered plants: a conceptual framework SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Genetically engineered plant; Confined field trial; Regulatory framework; Transportability; Agro-climatic zone ID TRANSGENIC CROPS; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; WORLD AB It is commonly held that confined field trials (CFTs) used to evaluate the potential adverse environmental impacts of a genetically engineered (GE) plant should be conducted in each country where cultivation is intended, even when relevant and potentially sufficient data are already available from studies conducted elsewhere. The acceptance of data generated in CFTs "out of country" can only be realized in practice if the agro-climatic zone where a CFT is conducted is demonstrably representative of the agro-climatic zones in those geographies to which the data will be transported. In an attempt to elaborate this idea, a multi-disciplinary Working Group of scientists collaborated to develop a conceptual framework and associated process that can be used by the regulated and regulatory communities to support transportability of CFT data for environmental risk assessment (ERA). As proposed here, application of the conceptual framework provides a scientifically defensible process for evaluating if existing CFT data from remote sites are relevant and/or sufficient for local ERAs. Additionally, it promotes a strategic approach to identifying CFT site locations so that field data will be transportable from one regulatory jurisdiction to another. Application of the framework and process should be particularly beneficial to public sector product developers and small enterprises that develop innovative GE events but cannot afford to replicate redundant CFTs, and to regulatory authorities seeking to improve the deployment of limited institutional resources. C1 [Garcia-Alonso, Monica] Estel Consult Ltd, Binfield RG42 4HG, Berks, England. [Hendley, Paul] Phasera Ltd, Bracknell RG12 2JJ, Berks, England. [Bigler, Franz] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Mayeregger, Edgar] Minist Agr, Unidad Gest Riesgo, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Parker, Ronald] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Rubinstein, Clara] ILSI Argentina, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Satorre, Emilio] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron & Vet, Catedra Cerealicultura, IFEVA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Solari, Fernando] Monsanto Argentina SAIC, Estn Expt Fontezuela, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [McLean, Morven A.] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP McLean, M (reprint author), ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment, 1156 Fifteenth St NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM mmclean@ilsi.org FU United States Department of Agriculture Emerging Markets Program FX Funding in support of this project was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture Emerging Markets Program Grant 2010-2040. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 EI 1573-9368 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1041 DI 10.1007/s11248-014-9785-0 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AS3EH UT WOS:000344158800011 PM 24733670 ER PT J AU Conmy, RN AF Conmy, Robyn N. TI Robyn N. Conmy SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Conmy, Robyn N.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Conmy, RN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM conmy.robyn@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700048 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Castorina, R Gaspar, F Nishioka, M Colon, M Weathers, W Egeghy, PP Maddalena, R Williams, J Jenkins, PL McKone, TE AF Bradman, Asa Castorina, Rosemary Gaspar, Fraser Nishioka, Marcia Colon, Maribel Weathers, Walter Egeghy, Peter P. Maddalena, Randy Williams, Jeffery Jenkins, Peggy L. McKone, Thomas E. TI Flame retardant exposures in California early childhood education environments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Child care; Children; Exposure; Flame retardant; PBDEs ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; IN-HOUSE DUST; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; HORMONE DISRUPTION; THYROID-HORMONE; PHASE-OUT; PBDES; ASSOCIATIONS; PRODUCTS; SAMPLES AB Infants and young children spend as much as 50 h per week in child care and preschool. Although approximately 13 million children, or 65% of all U.S. children, spend some time each day in early childhood education (ECE) facilities, little information is available about environmental exposures in these environments. We measured flame retardants in air and dust collected from 40 California ECE facilities between May 2010 and May 2011. Low levels of six polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners and four non-PBDE flame retardants were present in air, including two constituents of Firemaster 550 and two tris phosphate compounds [tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)]. Tris phosphate, Firemaster 550 and PBDE compounds were detected in 100% of the dust samples. BDE47, BDE99, and BDE209 comprised the majority of the PBDE mass measured in dust. The median concentrations of TCEP (319 ng g(-1)) and TDCIPP (2265 ng g(-1)) were similar to or higher than any PBDE congener. Levels of TCEP and TDCIPP in dust were significantly higher in facilities with napping equipment made out of foam (Mann Whitney p-values < 0.05). Child BDE99 dose estimates exceeded the RID in one facility for children < 3 years old. In 51% of facilities, TDCIPP dose estimates for children < 6 years old exceeded age-specific "No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs)" based on California Proposition 65 guidelines for carcinogens. Given the overriding interest in providing safe and healthy environments for young children, additional research is needed to identify strategies to reduce indoor sources of flame retardant chemicals. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bradman, Asa; Castorina, Rosemary; Gaspar, Fraser; McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm Res & Childrens Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Nishioka, Marcia] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Colon, Maribel; Weathers, Walter; Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Maddalena, Randy; McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, Jeffery; Jenkins, Peggy L.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm Res & Childrens Hlth, 1995 Univ Ave,Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM abradman@berkeley.edu OI Gaspar, Fraser/0000-0002-0782-5721 FU California Air Resources Board (ARB) [08-305] FX This research was funded by the California Air Resources Board (ARB Contract No. 08-305). This work does not necessarily reflect the opinion or official policy of the ARB. Although this work was reviewed by U.S. EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the opinion or official policy of the U.S. EPA. Co-author Walter Weathers has recently retired from the U.S. EPA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 116 SI SI BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.072 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5KH UT WOS:000343623200010 PM 24835158 ER PT J AU Davis, EL AF Davis, Eva L. TI Discussion of Paper SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Davis, EL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74821 USA. EM Davis.Eva@epa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 27 EP 28 DI 10.1111/gwmr.12043 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AB2IU UT WOS:000331617200017 ER PT J AU Loperfido, JV Noe, GB Jarnagin, ST Hogan, DM AF Loperfido, J. V. Noe, Gregory B. Jarnagin, S. Taylor Hogan, Dianna M. TI Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stormwater best management practices; Low impact development; Distributed treatment systems; Urban hydrology; Land cover; Chesapeake Bay ID LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT; WATER MANAGEMENT; INFILTRATION; BASEFLOW; RUNOFF; PERFORMANCE AB Urban stormwater runoff remains an important issue that causes local and regional-scale water quantity and quality issues. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to mitigate runoff issues, traditionally in a centralized manner; however, problems associated with urban hydrology have remained. An emerging trend is implementation of BMPs in a distributed manner (multi-BMP treatment trains located on the landscape and integrated with urban design), but little catchment-scale performance of these systems have been reported to date. Here, stream hydrologic data (March, 2011September, 2012) are evaluated in four catchments located in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: one utilizing distributed stormwater BMPs, two utilizing centralized stormwater BMPs, and a forested catchment serving as a reference. Among urban catchments with similar land cover, geology and BMP design standards (i.e. 100-year event), but contrasting placement of stormwater BMPs, distributed BMPs resulted in: significantly greater estimated baseflow, a higher minimum precipitation threshold for stream response and maximum discharge increases, better maximum discharge control for small precipitation events, and reduced runoff volume during an extreme (1000-year) precipitation event compared to centralized BMPs. For all catchments, greater forest land cover and less impervious cover appeared to be more important drivers than stormwater BMP spatial pattern, and caused lower total, stormflow, and baseflow runoff volume; lower maximum discharge during typical precipitation events; and lower runoff volume during an extreme precipitation event. Analysis of hydrologic field data in this study suggests that both the spatial distribution of stormwater BMPs and land cover are important for management of urban stormwater runoff. In particular, catchment-wide application of distributed BMPs improved stream hydrology compared to centralized BMPs, but not enough to fully replicate forested catchment stream hydrology. Integrated planning of stormwater management, protected riparian buffers and forest land cover with suburban development in the distributed-BMP catchment enabled multi-purpose use of land that provided esthetic value and green-space, community gathering points, and wildlife habitat in addition to hydrologic stormwater treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Loperfido, J. V.; Hogan, Dianna M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jarnagin, S. Taylor] US Environm Protect Agcy, ORD NERL ESD, Landscape Ecol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Loperfido, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jloperfido@usgs.gov; gnoe@usgs.gov; jarnagin.taylor@epa.gov; dhogan@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); United States Environmental Protection Agency [DW14921533, DW14921811, DW14922385]; Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection; Fairfax County, VA FX This work was supported by the following U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Programs: Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, Land Change Science, Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Studies, and the National Research Program. The authors appreciate contributions from Keith Van Ness (Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection); Annette Hall, Daniel K. Jones, and Brianna Hammond (USGS Eastern Geographic Science Center); John Jastram and Ken Hyer (USGS Virginia Water Science Center); Ed Doheny and Matt Baker (USGS Maryland-DelawareD.C. Water Science Center); Barry Croke for hydrologic discussions; and reviews from Bill Selbig, T.A. Endreny, and anonymous reviewers. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The streamflow data referenced in this document have been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreements DW14921533, DW14921811, and DW14922385 to the U.S. Geological Survey, Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection, and Fairfax County, VA. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 20 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 SI SI BP 2584 EP 2595 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.007 PN C PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5ED UT WOS:000347595000019 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Frankenberger, JR Bowling, LC Sun, ZN AF Jiang, Yan Frankenberger, Jane R. Bowling, Laura C. Sun, Zhaonan TI Quantification of uncertainty in estimated nitrate-N loads in agricultural watersheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate-N load; Measurement uncertainty; Load calculation uncertainty; Error propagation ID ARTIFICIALLY DRAINED CATCHMENTS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; RIVER DISCHARGE; NUTRIENT INPUTS; RATING CURVE; QUALITY DATA; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; ALGORITHMS; STRATEGIES AB Estimation of annual nutrient loads is critical for many applications in water quality management; however, measurement errors and infrequent monitoring could raise considerable uncertainty in the load estimations. The objectives of this study were to quantify the overall uncertainty in annual nitrate-N load estimates. Nitrate was selected as the study object because of the high loads common in Midwestern streams, and its important influence on hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. A standard error propagation method was used to quantify the uncertainty from both measurement and load calculation processes to evaluate the accumulative effect. The measurement uncertainty was assessed based on standard information; the load calculation uncertainty was evaluated through numerical simulation. The study found that uncertainty in annual nitrate-N load estimates for a 30-day sampling frequency, expressed as coefficient of variation (CV), was 14-34%. This included measurement (flow and concentration) uncertainty of 12% and load calculation uncertainty of 7-32%. These results can be used to evaluate different uncertainty sources, estimate uncertainty for similar watersheds, and design sampling programs balancing cost and accuracy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Yan] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Frankenberger, Jane R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bowling, Laura C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sun, Zhaonan] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), US EPA, 944 Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM enaj1125@gmail.com RI Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.027 PN A PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500009 ER PT J AU Hathaway, JM Brown, RA Fu, JS Hunt, WF AF Hathaway, J. M. Brown, R. A. Fu, J. S. Hunt, W. F. TI Bioretention function under climate change scenarios in North Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioretention; Biofilter; Hydrology; Climate change; Water balance; DRAINMOD ID PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; IMPACTS; PERFORMANCE; DRAINAGE; STORMWATER; HYDROLOGY; WATER; MITIGATION; SYSTEMS AB The effect of climate change on stormwater controls is largely unknown. Evaluating such effects is important for understanding how well resiliency can be built into urban watersheds by implementing these systems. Bioretention areas with varied media depths, in situ soil types, drainage configurations, and surface infiltration capabilities have previously been monitored, modelled, and calibrated using the continuous simulation model, DRAINMOD. In this study, data from downscaled climate projections for 2055 through 2058 were utilized in these models to evaluate changes in system hydrologic function under two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). The results were compared to those generated using a "Base" scenario of observed data from 2001 to 2004. The results showed a modest change in the overall water balance of the system. In particular, the frequency and magnitude of overflow from the systems substantially increased under the climate change scenarios. As this represents an increase in the amount of uncontrolled, untreated runoff from the contributing watersheds, it is of particular concern. Further modelling showed that between 9.0 and 31.0 cm of additional storage would be required under the climate change scenarios to restrict annual overflow to that of the base scenario. Bioretention surface storage volume and infiltration rate appeared important in determining a system's ability to cope with increased yearly rainfall and higher rainfall magnitudes. As climate change effects vary based on location, similar studies should be performed in other locations to determine localized effects on stormwater controls. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hathaway, J. M.; Fu, J. S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Brown, R. A.] US EPA, Edison, NJ USA. [Hunt, W. F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hathaway, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hathaway@utk.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.037 PN A PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500041 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Yakirevich, AM Shelton, DR Whelan, G Goodrich, DC Unkrich, CL AF Guber, A. K. Pachepsky, Y. A. Yakirevich, A. M. Shelton, D. R. Whelan, G. Goodrich, D. C. Unkrich, C. L. TI Modeling runoff and microbial overland transport with KINEROS2/STWIR model: Accuracy and uncertainty as affected by source of infiltration parameters SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Runoff; Uncertainty; Modeling; Infiltration parameters ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; COLIFORM BACTERIA; BROOKS-COREY; BULK-DENSITY; FLOW; SCALE AB Infiltration is important to modeling the overland transport of microorganisms in environmental waters. In watershed- and hillslope scale-models, infiltration is commonly described by simple equations relating infiltration rate to soil saturated conductivity and by empirical parameters defining changes in infiltration rate with soil water content. For the microbial transport model KINEROS2/STWIR used in this study, infiltration in unsaturated soil is accounted for by a net capillary drive parameter, G, in the Parlange equation. Scarce experimental data and multiple approaches for estimating parameter G introduce uncertainty, reducing reliability of overland water flow and microbial transport models. Our objectives were to evaluate reliability and robustness of three methods to estimate parameter G and associated accuracy and uncertainty in predicting runoff and fecal coliform (FC) transport. These methods include (i) KINEROS2 fitting to the experimental cumulative runoff data; (ii) estimating solely on soil texture; and (iii) estimating by individual pedotransfer functions (PTFs) and an ensemble of PTFs from basic soil properties. Results show that the most accurate prediction was obtained when the G parameter was fitted to the cumulative runoff. The KINEROS2-recommended parameter slightly overestimated the calibrated value of parameter G and yielded less accurate predictions of runoff, FC concentrations and total FC. The PTFs-estimated parameters systematically deviated from calibrated G values that caused high uncertainty in the KINEROS2/STWIR predictions. Averaging PTF estimates considerably improved model accuracy, reducing the uncertainty of runoff and FC concentration predictions. Overall, ensemble-based PTF estimation of the capillary drive can be efficient for simulations of runoff and bacteria overland transport when a single effective value is used across the study area. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guber, A. K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pachepsky, Y. A.; Shelton, D. R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yakirevich, A. M.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, J Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Whelan, G.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Goodrich, D. C.; Unkrich, C. L.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, 1066 Bogue St,Room 584D, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Akguber@msu.edu; yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov; alexy@bgu.ac.il; whelan.gene@epa.gov; dave.goodrich@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 72 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 644 EP 655 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.005 PN A PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500053 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Su, CM Zhang, W Hao, XZ Cang, L Wang, YJ Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Su, Chunming Zhang, Wei Hao, Xiuzhen Cang, Long Wang, Yujun Zhou, Dongmei TI Laboratory assessment of the mobility of water-dispersed engineered nanoparticles in a red soil (Ultisol) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Engineered nanoparticle; Red soil; Ultisol; Transport; Modeling; Porous media ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; LABELED HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES; STABILIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; COLLOID TRANSPORT; NATURAL SOILS; FULLERENE NANOPARTICLES; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SURFACE-CHARGE AB Soils are major sinks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) as results of land applications of sewage sludge, accidental spills, or deliberate applications of ENPs (e.g., nano-pesticides). In this study, the transport behaviors of four widely used ENPs (i.e., titanium dioxide [TiO2], buckminsterfullerene [C-60], single-walled carbon nanotube [SWNT], and elemental silver [Ag-0]) were investigated in water-saturated columns packed with either a quartz sand, a red soil (Ultisol), or sand/soil mixtures with soil mass fraction (lambda) from 0% to 100% at slightly acidic solution pH (4.0-5.0). The mobility of tested ENPs decreased significantly with increasing lambda, which was attributed to increased surface area and/or retention sites imparted by iron oxides, clay minerals, and organic matter in the red soil. Breakthrough curves of all ENPs exhibited blocking effects (decreasing deposition rate over time) and were well-described using an unfavorable and favorable, two-site kinetic attachment model accounting for random sequential adsorption on the favorable site. Modeled maximum retention capacity and first-order attachment rate coefficient on the favorable site both increased linearly with increasing lambda, suggesting that transport parameters of ENPs in natural soils may be accurately extrapolated from transport parameters in the sand/soil mixtures. In addition, the mobility of three negatively charged ENPs (C-60, SWNT, and Ag-0 NPs) was reversely correlated with their average hydrodynamic diameters, highlighting that the average hydrodynamic diameter of negatively charged ENPs is the dominant physicochemical characteristics controlling their mobility in the Ultisol. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Hao, Xiuzhen; Cang, Long; Wang, Yujun; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Su, Chunming] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wang, Dengjun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Wang, Yujun/C-6962-2013; Cang, Long/D-1155-2015; OI Wang, Yujun/0000-0002-0921-0122; Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732 FU National Basic Research and Development Program of China [2013CB934303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125007]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Program [MICL02248] FX This research was supported by National Basic Research and Development Program of China (2013CB934303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41125007), and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Program (MICL02248). This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of USEPA, USDA and other funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors thank Dr. Xinhua Peng at our Institute for assistance with measurements of the BET specific surface area and pore size of the red soil. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and Editors (Dr. Laurent Charlet and Dr. Eddy Yongping Zeng) helped us improve an earlier version of this paper. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1677 EP 1687 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.053 PN B PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100036 ER PT J AU Ziegler, AD Benner, SG Tantasirin, C Wood, SH Sutherland, RA Sidle, RC Jachowski, N Nullet, MA Xi, LX Snidvongs, A Giambelluca, TW Fox, JM AF Ziegler, Alan D. Benner, Shawn G. Tantasirin, Chatchai Wood, Spencer H. Sutherland, Ross A. Sidle, Roy C. Jachowski, Nicholas Nullet, Mike A. Xi, Lu Xi Snidvongs, Anond Giambelluca, Thomas W. Fox, Jefferson M. TI Turbidity-based sediment monitoring in northern Thailand: Hysteresis, variability, and uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil erosion in the tropics; Stream sediment dynamics; Catchment management; Southeast Asia; Landslides ID MAINLAND SOUTHEAST-ASIA; TOTAL SUSPENDED-SOLIDS; HORTON OVERLAND-FLOW; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; UPLAND CATCHMENTS; WATER MANAGEMENT; MOUNTAIN ROADS; RATING CURVES; SOURCE AREAS AB Annual total suspended solid (TSS) loads in the Mae Sa Catchment in northern Thailand, determined with an automated, turbidity-based monitoring approach, were approximately 62,000, 33,000, and 14,000 Mg during the three years of observation. These loads were equivalent to basin yields of 839 (603-1170), 445 (217-462), and 192 (108-222) Mg km(-2) for the 74.16-km(2) catchment during 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The yearly uncertainty ranges indicate our loads may be underestimated by 38-43% or overestimated by 28-33%. In determining the annual loads, discharge (Q) and turbidity (T) values were compared against 333 hand-sampled total suspended solid concentrations (TSS) measured during 18 runoff events and other flow conditions across the three-year period. Annual rainfall varied from 1632 to 1934 mm; and catchment runoff coefficients (annual runoff/annual rainfall) ranged from 0.25 to 0.41. Measured TSS ranged from 8 to 15,900 mg l(-1); the low value was associated with dry-season base flow; the latter, a wet-season storm. Storm size and location played an important role in producing clockwise, anticlockwise, and complex hysteresis in the Q-TSS relationship. Turbidity alone was a good estimator for turbidity ranges of roughly 10-2800 NTU (or concentrations approximately 25-4000 mg l(-1)). However, owing to hysteresis and high sediment concentrations that surpass the detection limits of the turbidity sensor during many annual storms, TSS was estimated best using a complex multiple regression equation based on high/low ranges of turbidity and Q as independent variables. Turbidity was not a good predictor of TSS fractions >2000 mu m. Hysteresis in the monthly Q-TSS relationship was generally clockwise over the course of the monsoon season, but infrequent large dry-season storms disrupted the pattern in some years. The large decrease in annual loads during the study was believed to be related to depletion of fine sediment delivered to the stream by several landslides occurring the year prior to the study. The study indicated the importance of monitoring Q and turbidity at fine resolutions (e.g., sub-hourly) to capture the TSS dynamics and to make accurate load estimations in this flashy headwater stream where hysteresis in the Q-TSS signature varied at several time scales. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ziegler, Alan D.; Jachowski, Nicholas; Xi, Lu Xi] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 117568, Singapore. [Benner, Shawn G.; Wood, Spencer H.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Tantasirin, Chatchai] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Conservat, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sutherland, Ross A.; Nullet, Mike A.; Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sidle, Roy C.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Snidvongs, Anond] START Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. [Snidvongs, Anond] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. [Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Fox, Jefferson M.] East West Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Ziegler, AD (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, 1 Arts Link Kent Ridge,AS02-04021, Singapore 117568, Singapore. EM geoadz@nus.edu.sg RI Benner, Shawn/A-2557-2012; OI Benner, Shawn/0000-0003-4024-5777; Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU SARCS [95/01/CW-005]; APN [ARCP2006-06NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY]; NASA [NNG04GH59G]; NUS [R-109-000-092-133, R-109-000-134-112] FX This project was supported by SARCS grant 95/01/CW-005; APN grants ARCP2006-06NMY, ARCP2007-01CMY & ARCP2007-01CMY; NASA grant NNG04GH59G, and NUS grants R-109-000-092-133 and R-109-000-134-112. A special thanks is given to Ms. Wimonmat Nuipakdee (Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plants Conservation, Thailand) for providing access to the research site. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 106 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 2020 EP 2039 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.010 PN B PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100065 ER PT J AU Hand, JL Schichtel, BA Malm, WC Pitchford, M Frank, NH AF Hand, J. L. Schichtel, B. A. Malm, W. C. Pitchford, M. Frank, N. H. TI Spatial and seasonal patterns in urban influence on regional concentrations of speciated aerosols across the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; LONG-TERM NETWORKS; NEW-YORK-CITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AIR-QUALITY; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; TRENDS NETWORK; PM2.5 EPISODES; PART 1 AB Monthly, seasonal, and annual mean estimates of urban influence on regional concentrations of major aerosol species were computed using speciated aerosol data from the rural IMPROVE network (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's urban Chemical Speciation Network for the 2008 through 2011 period. Aggregated for sites across the continental United States, the annual mean and one standard error in urban excess (defined as the ratio of urban to nearby rural concentrations) was highest for elemental carbon (3.3 +/- 0.2), followed by ammonium nitrate (2.5 +/- 0.2), particulate organic matter (1.78 +/- 0.08), and ammonium sulfate (1.23 +/- 0.03). The seasonal variability in urban excess was significant for carbonaceous aerosols and ammonium nitrate in the West, in contrast to the low seasonal variability in the urban influence of ammonium sulfate. Generally for all species, higher excess values in the West were associated with localized urban sources while in the East excess was more regional in extent. In addition, higher excess values in the western United States in winter were likely influenced not only by differences in sources but also by combined meteorological and topographic effects. This work has implications for understanding the spatial heterogeneity of major aerosol species near the interface of urban and rural regions and therefore for designing appropriate air quality management strategies. In addition, the spatial patterns in speciated mass concentrations provide constraints for regional and global models. C1 [Hand, J. L.; Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Lakewood, CO USA. [Pitchford, M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Frank, N. H.] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hand, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jlhand@colostate.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service [H2370094000] FX IMPROVE and CSN data are available for download (http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve and http://views.cira.colostate.edu/fed, respectively). Derived results are available from the authors. IMPROVE is a collaborative association of state, tribal, and federal agencies, and international partners. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is the primary funding source, with contracting and research support from the National Park Service. The Air Quality Group at the University of California, Davis, is the central analytical laboratory, with ion analysis provided by Research Triangle Institute and carbon analysis provided by Desert Research Institute. This work was funded by the National Park Service under contract H2370094000. The assumptions, findings, conclusions, judgments, and views presented herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the National Park Service policies. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12832 EP 12849 DI 10.1002/2014JD022328 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600024 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Boykin, E Stevens, T Lavrich, K Gilmour, MI AF Kim, Yong Ho Boykin, Elizabeth Stevens, Tina Lavrich, Katelyn Gilmour, M. Ian TI Comparative lung toxicity of engineered nanomaterials utilizing in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches SO JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Engineered nanomaterials; Lung toxicity; Alternative toxicity testing ID CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; HAZARD IDENTIFICATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ZINC-OXIDE; DOSIMETRY; EXPOSURE AB Background: Although engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are currently regulated either in the context of a new chemical, or as a new use of an existing chemical, hazard assessment is still to a large extent reliant on information from historical toxicity studies of the parent compound, and may not take into account special properties related to the small size and high surface area of ENM. While it is important to properly screen and predict the potential toxicity of ENM, there is also concern that current toxicity tests will require even heavier use of experimental animals, and reliable alternatives should be developed and validated. Here we assessed the comparative respiratory toxicity of ENM in three different methods which employed in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo toxicity testing approaches. Methods: Toxicity of five ENM (SiO2 (10), CeO2 (23), CeO2 (88), TiO2 (10), and TiO2 (200); parentheses indicate average ENM diameter in nm) were tested in this study. CD-1 mice were exposed to the ENM by oropharyngeal aspiration at a dose of 100 mu g. Mouse lung tissue slices and alveolar macrophages were also exposed to the ENM at concentrations of 22-132 and 3.1-100 mu g/mL, respectively. Biomarkers of lung injury and inflammation were assessed at 4 and/or 24 hr post-exposure. Results: Small-sized ENM (SiO2 (10), CeO2 (23), but not TiO2 (10)) significantly elicited pro-inflammatory responses in mice (in vivo), suggesting that the observed toxicity in the lungs was dependent on size and chemical composition. Similarly, SiO2 (10) and/or CeO2 (23) were also more toxic in the lung tissue slices (ex vivo) and alveolar macrophages (in vitro) compared to other ENM. A similar pattern of inflammatory response (e. g., interleukin-6) was observed in both ex vivo and in vitro when a dose metric based on cell surface area (mu g/cm(2)), but not culture medium volume (mu g/mL) was employed. Conclusion: Exposure to ENM induced acute lung inflammatory effects in a size- and chemical composition-dependent manner. The cell culture and lung slice techniques provided similar profiles of effect and help bridge the gap in our understanding of in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro toxicity outcomes. C1 [Kim, Yong Ho; Lavrich, Katelyn] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Boykin, Elizabeth; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stevens, Tina] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk Div, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov FU EPA-UNC Toxicology Training Agreement [CR-83515201-0]; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX We thank Debora Andrews, Judy Richards, and Richard Jaskot for technical assistance in toxicologic analyses and Drs. Kevin Dreher and James Samet for their review of this manuscript. The project was supported by grant from the EPA-UNC Toxicology Training Agreement (CR-83515201-0), with the Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This paper has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that contents necessarily reflect the views and polices of Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-3155 J9 J NANOBIOTECHNOL JI J. Nanobiotechnol. PD NOV 26 PY 2014 VL 12 AR 47 DI 10.1186/s12951-014-0047-3 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW7HK UT WOS:000346435100001 PM 25424549 ER PT J AU Arnold, KE Brown, AR Ankley, GT Sumpter, JP AF Arnold, Kathryn E. Brown, A. Ross Ankley, Gerald T. Sumpter, John P. TI Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE pharmaceuticals; ecotoxicology; sewage; population ecology; contaminants; environmental risk assessment ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; GYPS VULTURES; FISH; EXPOSURE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; DICLOFENAC; FLUOXETINE AB Global pharmaceutical consumption is rising with the growing and ageing human population and more intensive food production. Recent studies have revealed pharmaceutical residues in a wide range of ecosystems and organisms. Environmental concentrations are often low, but pharmaceuticals typically are designed to have biological effects at low doses, acting on physiological systems that can be evolutionarily conserved across taxa. This Theme Issue introduces the latest research investigating the risks of environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceuticals to vertebrate wildlife. We take a holistic, global view of environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals encompassing terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems in high- and low-income countries. Based on both field and laboratory data, the evidence for and relevance of changes to physiology and behaviour, in addition to mortality and reproductive effects, are examined in terms of the population- and community-level consequences of pharmaceutical exposure on wildlife. Studies on uptake, trophic transfer and indirect effects of pharmaceuticals acting via food webs are presented. Given the logistical and ethical complexities of research in this area, several papers focus on techniques for prioritizing which compounds are most likely to harm wildlife and how modelling approaches can make predictions about the bioavailability, metabolism and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in non-target species. This Theme Issue aims to help clarify the uncertainties, highlight opportunities and inform ongoing scientific and policy debates on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment. C1 [Arnold, Kathryn E.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Brown, A. Ross] AstraZeneca Safety, Hlth & Environm, Brixham Environm Lab, Brixham, Devon, England. [Brown, A. Ross] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Sumpter, John P.] Brunel Univ, Inst Environm, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. RP Arnold, KE (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM kathryn.arnold@york.ac.uk RI PRAZERES, KELLY/O-7715-2015; Arnold, Kathryn/F-8683-2016 OI Arnold, Kathryn/0000-0002-6485-6065 NR 92 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 23 U2 182 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 369 IS 1656 AR 20130569 DI 10.1098/rstb.2013.0569 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AQ8VK UT WOS:000343114500001 ER PT J AU LaLone, CA Berninger, JP Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF LaLone, Carlie A. Berninger, Jason P. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Leveraging existing data for prioritization of the ecological risks of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals to aquatic organisms SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE pharmacokinetics; SeqAPASS; adverse outcome pathway; read-across; molecular target conservation ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; JAPANESE MEDAKA; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; CURRENT PERSPECTIVES; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Medicinal innovation has led to the discovery and use of thousands of human and veterinary drugs. With this comes the potential for unintended effects on non-target organisms exposed to pharmaceuticals inevitably entering the environment. The impracticality of generating whole-organism chronic toxicity data representative of all species in the environment has necessitated prioritization of drugs for focused empirical testing as well as field monitoring. Current prioritization strategies typically emphasize likelihood for exposure (i.e. predicted/measured environmental concentrations), while incorporating only rather limited consideration of potential effects of the drug to non-target organisms. However, substantial mammalian pharmacokinetic and mechanism/mode of action (MOA) data are produced during drug development to understand drug target specificity and efficacy for intended consumers. An integrated prioritization strategy for assessing risks of human and veterinary drugs would leverage available pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic data for evaluation of the potential for adverse effects to non-target organisms. In this reiview, we demonstrate the utility of read-across approaches to leverage mammalian absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination data; analyse cross-species molecular target conservation and translate therapeutic MOA to an adverse outcome pathway(s) relevant to aquatic organisms as a means to inform prioritization of drugs for focused toxicity testing and environmental monitoring. C1 [LaLone, Carlie A.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [LaLone, Carlie A.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Berninger, Jason P.] CNR, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP LaLone, CA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, Water Resources Ctr, 1985 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lalone.carlie@epa.gov RI Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016 OI Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899 NR 92 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 369 IS 1656 AR 20140022 DI 10.1098/rstb.2014.0022 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AQ8VK UT WOS:000343114500017 ER PT J AU Phillips, MB Yoon, MY Young, B Tan, YM AF Phillips, Martin B. Yoon, Miyoung Young, Bruce Tan, Yu-Mei TI Analysis of biomarker utility using a PBPK/PD model for carbaryl SO FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbaryl; PBPK; biomarkers; biomarkers of exposure; biomarkers of effect; computational toxicology ID EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; BIOMONITORING DATA; SUPPORT EXPOSURE; SENSITIVITY; PESTICIDES; HUMANS AB There are many types of biomarkers; the two common ones are biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of effect. The utility of a biomarker for estimating exposures or predicting risks depends on the strength of the correlation between biomarker concentrations and exposure/effects. In the current study, a combined exposure and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model of carbaryl was used to demonstrate the use of computational modeling for providing insight into the selection of biomarkers for different purposes. The Cumulative and Aggregate Risk Evaluation System (CARES) was used to generate exposure profiles, including magnitude and timing, for use as inputs to the PBPK/PD model. The PBPK/PD model was then used to predict blood concentrations of carbaryl and urine concentrations of its principal metabolite, 1-naphthol (1-N), as biomarkers of exposure. The PBPK/PD model also predicted acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in red blood cells (RBC) as a biomarker of effect. The correlations of these simulated biomarker concentrations with intake doses or brain AChE inhibition (as a surrogate of effects) were analyzed using a linear regression model. Results showed that 1-N in urine is a better biomarker of exposure than carbaryl in blood, and that 1-N in urine is correlated with the dose averaged over the last 2 days of the simulation. They also showed that RBC AChE inhibition is an appropriate biomarker of effect. This computational approach can be applied to a wide variety of chemicals to facilitate quantitative analysis of biomarker utility. C1 [Phillips, Martin B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. [Yoon, Miyoung] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Inst Chem Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Young, Bruce] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Tan, Yu-Mei] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tan, YM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code E205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tan.cecilia@epa.gov OI Phillips, Martin/0000-0002-6282-529X; Yoon, Miyoung/0000-0002-3653-3488 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX Dr. Martin Phillips was funded by a post-doctoral fellowship through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1663-9812 J9 FRONT PHARMACOL JI Front. Pharmacol. PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 246 DI 10.3389/fphar.2014.00246 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AX8IJ UT WOS:000347153000001 PM 25477820 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Ryan, JV ter Schure, AFH Laudal, D AF Landis, Matthew S. Ryan, Jeffrey V. ter Schure, Arnout F. H. Laudal, Dennis TI Behavior of Mercury Emissions from a Commercial Coal-Fired Power Plant: The Relationship between Stack Speciation and Near-Field Plume Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; PHOTOLYTIC REDUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; EASTERN OHIO; AMBIENT AIR; HG(II); OXIDATION; AEROSOLS AB The reduction of divalent gaseous mercury (Hg-II) to elemental gaseous mercury (Hg-0) in a commercial coal-fired power plant (CFPP) exhaust plume was investigated by simultaneous measurement in-stack and in-plume as part of a collaborative study among the U.S. EPA, EPRI, EERC, and Southern Company. In-stack continuous emission monitoring data were used to establish the CFPP's real-time mercury speciation and plume dilution tracer species (SO2, NOX) emission rates, and an airship was utilized as an airborne sampling platform to maintain static position with respect to the exhaust plume centerline for semicontinuous measurement of target species. Varying levels of Hg-II concentration (2.39-3.90 mu g m(-3)) and percent abundance (similar to 87-99%) in flue gas and in-plume reduction were observed. The existence and magnitude of Hg-II reduction to Hg-0 (0-55%) observed varied with respect to the types and relative amounts of coals combusted, suggesting that exhaust plume reduction occurring downwind of the CFPP is influenced by coal chemical composition and characteristics. C1 [Landis, Matthew S.; Ryan, Jeffrey V.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [ter Schure, Arnout F. H.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Laudal, Dennis] Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM landis.matthew@epa.gov RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development through Advanced Monitoring Initiative FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded this research partially through an Advanced Monitoring Initiative Grant. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products do not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank John Jansen and Justin Walters (Southern Company), and Dwain Waters (Gulf Power) in particular for access to the Crist Plant and collaboration with the project; Airship Management Services (AMS) and Integrated Systems Solutions Incorporated (ISSI) for airship operations and logistical support; Ed Brown (EPA) for Hg measurement support; Mike Wheeler (Alion) and Chris Winterrowd (ARCADIS) for instrument calibration support; and Jane Caffery (University of West Florida) for providing laboratory space and hosting our Sodar system. We also thank Eric Edgerton from Atmospheric Research and Analysis, and Leonard Levin from EPRI for their contributions to this project. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 22 BP 13540 EP 13548 DI 10.1021/es500783t PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT9RC UT WOS:000345262900062 PM 25325168 ER PT J AU Cui, YX Palii, SS Innes, CL Paules, RS AF Cui, Yuxia Palii, Stela S. Innes, Cynthia L. Paules, Richard S. TI Depletion of ATR selectively sensitizes ATM-deficient human mammary epithelial cells to ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE ATM and Rad3-related (ATR); DNA damage response; G(2); M checkpoint; ionizing radiation; synthetic lethality ID EARLY EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; CANCER-CELLS; TARGETING ATR; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; INDUCED AUTOPHAGY; G(2) CHECKPOINT; TUMOR-CELLS; INHIBITION; APOPTOSIS; RESISTANCE AB DNA damage response (DDR) to double strand breaks is coordinated by 3 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family members: the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase and the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). ATM and ATR are central players in activating cell cycle checkpoints and function as an active barrier against genome instability and tumorigenesis in replicating cells. Loss of ATM function is frequently reported in various types of tumors, thus placing more reliance on ATR for checkpoint arrest and cell survival following DNA damage. To investigate the role of ATR in the G(2)/M checkpoint regulation in response to ionizing radiation (IR), particularly when ATM is deficient, cell lines deficient of ATM, ATR, or both were generated using a doxycycline-inducible lentiviral system. Our data suggests that while depletion of ATR or ATM alone in wild-type human mammary epithelial cell cultures (HME-CCs) has little effect on radiosensitivity or IR-induced G2/M checkpoint arrest, depletion of ATR in ATM-deficient cells causes synthetic lethality following IR, which correlates with severe G(2)/M checkpoint attenuation. ATR depletion also inhibits IR-induced autophagy, regardless of the ATM status, and enhances IR-induced apoptosis particularly when ATM is deficient. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrate that ATR function is required for the IR-induced G(2)/M checkpoint activation and subsequent survival of cells with ATM deficiency. The synthetic lethal interaction between ATM and ATR in response to IR supports ATR as a therapeutic target for improved anti-cancer regimens, especially in tumors with a dysfunctional ATM pathway. C1 [Cui, Yuxia; Palii, Stela S.; Innes, Cynthia L.; Paules, Richard S.] Natl Inst Hlth Res, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Paules, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth Res, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM paules@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES021157] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES021157). NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1538-4101 EI 1551-4005 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 13 IS 22 BP 3541 EP 3550 DI 10.4161/15384101.2014.960729 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA AZ6KM UT WOS:000348328800013 PM 25483091 ER PT J AU Cantrell, SA Molina, M Lodge, DJ Rivera-Figueroa, FJ Ortiz-Hernandez, ML Marchetti, AA Cyterski, MJ Perez-Jimenez, JR AF Cantrell, Sharon A. Molina, Marirosa Lodge, D. Jean Rivera-Figueroa, Francisco J. Ortiz-Hernandez, Maria L. Marchetti, Albany A. Cyterski, Mike J. Perez-Jimenez, Jose R. TI Effects of a simulated hurricane disturbance on forest floor microbial communities SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil and leaf litter microbial communities; Canopy opening; Debris addition; Green leaves; Senesced leaves; Spatiotemporal variations ID PUERTO-RICO; TROPICAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WET FOREST; SOIL; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION; STABILITY; RESPONSES AB Forest floor microbial communities play a critical role in the processes of decomposition and nutrient cycling. The impact of cultivation, contamination, fire, and land management on soil microbial communities have been studied but there are few studies of microbial responses to the effects of tropical storms. The Canopy Trimming Experiment was executed in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico to decouple two prominent effects of a hurricane-canopy opening and debris deposition on the forest floor-on forest biota and processes. We studied the independent and interactive hurricane effects of canopy openness and debris deposition on the relative abundance and diversity of microorganisms in soil and leaf litter using ester link fatty acids methyl esters (EL-FAME) analysis, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) profile. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis of soil FAME showed soil microbial community composition was significantly different between pre- and post-hurricane periods including in the unmanipulated plots and among blocks, but there was no significant separation among treatments. This shows that there are strong spatiotemporal dynamics in the structure of soil microbial communities which masked hurricane effects (canopy opening and deposition of green debris). The degree of difference among treatments decreased with time in soil which suggests that our study may have started too late after the manipulations and therefore missed the effects of canopy opening and debris addition. This reflects the resilience of the soil microbial communities. The richness of soil bacterial TRF's however, showed a significant positive response to added debris. Neither fungal nor bacterial NMDS clusters for leaf microbial communities showed significant grouping by treatment, time or litter cohorts. Significant differences were observed through time for fungal diversity in green leaves and for both bacterial and fungal diversity in senesced leaves. Senesced leaves microbial succession apparently stopped when both the canopy and debris were removed, and there was a suggestive trimming by time interaction which reflects the susceptibility of the leaf litter microbial community. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how microbial community structures can be affected by hurricane disturbances and forestry management practices that remove canopy and debris from the forest floor, and shows the need to analyze the microbial community immediately after the disturbance. Short-term changes in microbial communities due to forest disturbances can have significant implications for litter decomposition, soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient cycling, and food web dynamics in tropical forests. All of these factors should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate forest management practice. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cantrell, Sharon A.; Rivera-Figueroa, Francisco J.; Ortiz-Hernandez, Maria L.; Perez-Jimenez, Jose R.] Univ Turabo, Dept Biol, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. [Molina, Marirosa; Cyterski, Mike J.] US EPA, ORD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lodge, D. Jean] USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Marchetti, Albany A.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil. RP Cantrell, SA (reprint author), Univ Turabo, Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, POB 3030, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. EM scantrel@suagm.edu; molina.marirosa@epa.gov; djlodge@caribe.net; frivera@suagm.edu; albanymarchetti@yahoo.com.br; ut_jperezjm@suagm.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0218039, DEB-0620910]; University of Puerto Rico; International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service FX This research was funded by grants DEB-0218039 and DEB-0620910 from the U.S. National Science Foundation to the Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. We also thank A. Shiels and anonymous reviewers for the pre-review and suggestions. Our sincere gratitude goes to Dr. Michael Willig and Dr. Steve Presely for the help with the statistical analysis using the program R. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the USEPA and USDA-Forest Service's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade-names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA or USDA. This paper was prepared by US Government employees and is thus in the public domain and not subject to copyright. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 332 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.07.010 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AY5EK UT WOS:000347595700003 ER PT J AU Stahl, LL Snyder, BD Olsen, AR Kincaid, TM Wathen, JB McCarty, HB AF Stahl, Leanne L. Snyder, Blame D. Olsen, Anthony R. Kincaid, Thomas M. Wathen, John B. McCarty, Harry B. TI Perfluorinated compounds in fish from US urban rivers and the Great Lakes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fish tissue; Perfluorinated compounds; Urban rivers; Great Lakes; Probabilistic survey ID PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HUMAN BLOOD; SERUM; ACIDS; TROUT; CHAIN; PFOA AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have recently received scientific and regulatory attention due to their broad environmental distribution, persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and toxicity. Studies suggest that fish consumption may be a source of human exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. Most PFC fish tissue literature focuses on marine fish and waters outside of the United States (U.S.). To broaden assessments in U.S. fish, a characterization of PFCs in freshwater fish was initiated on a national scale using an unequal probability design during the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) 2008-2009 National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA) and the Great Lakes Human Health Fish Tissue Study component of the 2010 EPA National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA/GL). Fish were collected from randomly selected locations-164 urban river sites and 157 nearshore Great Lake sites. The probability design allowed extrapolation to the sampled population of 17,059 km in urban rivers and a nearshore area of 11,091 km(2) in the Great Lakes. Fillets were analyzed for 13 PFCs using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that PFOS dominated in frequency of occurrence, followed by three other longer-chain PFCs (perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, and perfluorododecanoic acid). Maximum PFOS concentrations were 127 and 80 ng/g in urban river samples and Great Lakes samples, respectively. The range of NRSA PFOS detections was similar to literature accounts from targeted riverine fish sampling. NCCA/GL PFOS levels were lower than those reported by other Great Lakes researchers, but generally higher than values in targeted inland lake studies. The probability design allowed development of cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) to quantify PFOS concentrations versus the sampled population, and the application of fish consumption advisory guidance to the CDFs resulted in an estimation of the proportion of urban rivers and the Great Lakes that exceed human health protection thresholds. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stahl, Leanne L.; Wathen, John B.] US EPA, OW Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Snyder, Blame D.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Olsen, Anthony R.; Kincaid, Thomas M.] ORD Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [McCarty, Harry B.] CSC, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Stahl, LL (reprint author), US EPA, OW Off Sci & Technol, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 4305, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stahl.leanne@epa.gov; blaine.snyder@tetratech.com; olsen.tony@epa.gov; kincaid.tom@epa.gov; wathen.john@epa.gov; hmccarty@csc.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; EPA [EP-C-04-030, EP-C-06-085, EP-C-09-019, EP-C-10-060] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and technical support was provided under EPA Contracts EP-C-04-030, EP-C-06-085, EP-C-09-019, and EP-C-10-060. The manuscript has been subjected to review and approved for publication by U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development and EPA's Office of Water. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 499 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.126 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5GN UT WOS:000343613200020 PM 25190044 ER PT J AU Wallis, LK Diamond, SA Ma, HB Hoff, DJ Al-Abed, SR Li, SB AF Wallis, Lindsay K. Diamond, Stephen A. Ma, Hongbo Hoff, Dale J. Al-Abed, Souhail R. Li, Shibin TI Chronic TiO2 nanoparticle exposure to a benthic organism, Hyalella azteca: impact of solar UV radiation and material surface coatings on toxicity SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nano-TiO2; Chronic toxicity; Phototoxicity; Hyalella azteca; Growth ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PHOTOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENT; SUNSCREENS; NANOMATERIALS; IRRADIATION; NANO-TIO2; AMPHIPOD; WATER AB There is limited information on the chronic effects of nanomaterials to benthic organisms, as well as environmental mitigating factors that might influence this toxicity. The present study aimed to fill these data gaps by examining various growth endpoints (weight gain, instantaneous growth rate, and total protein content) for up to a 21 d sediment exposure of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) to a representative benthic species, Hyalella azteca. An uncoated standard, P25, and an Al(OH)(3) coated nano-TiO2 used in commercial products were added to sediment at 20 mg/L or 100 mg/L Under test conditions, UV exposure alone was shown to be a greater cause of toxicity than even these high levels of nano-TiO2 exposure, indicating that different hazards need to be addressed in toxicity testing scenarios. In addition, this study showed the effectiveness of a surface coating on the decreased photoactivity of the material, as the addition of an Al(OH)(3) coating showed a dramatic decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, this reduced photoactivity was found to be partially restored when the coating had been degraded, leading to the need for future toxicity tests which examine the implications of weathering events on particle surface coatings. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallis, Lindsay K.; Hoff, Dale J.; Li, Shibin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Diamond, Stephen A.] Nanosafe Inc, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Ma, Hongbo] Univ Wisconsin, Zilber Sch Publ Hlth, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, SB (reprint author), 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM lishibinepa@gmail.com NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 499 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.068 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5GN UT WOS:000343613200037 PM 25203828 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Alapaty, K Mathur, R Pleim, J Zhang, YH Nolte, C Eder, B Foley, K Nagashima, T AF Yu, Shaocai Alapaty, Kiran Mathur, Rohit Pleim, Jonathan Zhang, Yuanhang Nolte, Chris Eder, Brian Foley, Kristen Nagashima, Tatsuya TI Attribution of the United States "warming hole'': Aerosol indirect effect and precipitable water vapor SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE RESPONSE; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; MODEL; 20TH-CENTURY; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; CMIP5; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; RADIATION AB Aerosols can influence the climate indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and/or ice nuclei, thereby modifying cloud optical properties. In contrast to the widespread global warming, the central and south central United States display a noteworthy overall cooling trend during the 20th century, with an especially striking cooling trend in summertime daily maximum temperature (T-max) (termed the U.S. "warming hole''). Here we used observations of temperature, shortwave cloud forcing (SWCF), longwave cloud forcing (LWCF), aerosol optical depth and precipitable water vapor as well as global coupled climate models to explore the attribution of the "warming hole''. We find that the observed cooling trend in summer T-max can be attributed mainly to SWCF due to aerosols with offset from the greenhouse effect of precipitable water vapor. A global coupled climate model reveals that the observed "warming hole'' can be produced only when the aerosol fields are simulated with a reasonable degree of accuracy as this is necessary for accurate simulation of SWCF over the region. These results provide compelling evidence of the role of the aerosol indirect effect in cooling regional climate on the Earth. Our results reaffirm that LWCF can warm both winter T-max and T-min. C1 [Yu, Shaocai] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Res Ctr Air Pollut & Hlth, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Alapaty, Kiran; Mathur, Rohit; Pleim, Jonathan; Nolte, Chris; Eder, Brian; Foley, Kristen] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, Yuanhang] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Nagashima, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Res Ctr Air Pollut & Hlth, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM shaocaiyu@zju.edu.cn RI Zhang, Yuanhang/F-7038-2011; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development; Zhejiang 1,000 Talent Plan; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health in Zhejiang University FX We thank Prof. Susan Solomon for insightful discussions that led to a substantial strengthening of the manuscript, Prof. Daniel Rosenfeld and Dr. Christian Hogrefe for helpful comments. We thank the CERES, GHCNM, MODIS and WCRP CMIP5 groups for producing the data used in this paper. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Analyses and visualizations used in this study were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. We also acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. The part of this work is supported by the "Zhejiang 1,000 Talent Plan'' and Research Center for Air Pollution and Health in Zhejiang University. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6929 DI 10.1038/srep06929 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS5MP UT WOS:000344315200001 PM 25373416 ER PT J AU Ihlaseh-Catalano, SM Bailey, KA Cardoso, APF Ren, HZ Fry, RC de Camargo, JLV Wolf, DC AF Ihlaseh-Catalano, Shadia M. Bailey, Kathryn A. Cardoso, Ana Paula F. Ren, Hongzu Fry, Rebecca C. de Camargo, Joao Lauro V. Wolf, Douglas C. TI Dose and temporal effects on gene expression profiles of urothelial cells from rats exposed to diuron SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diuron; Rat urinary bladder; Carcinogenesis; Gene expression profiling; Microarray analysis; Cell adhesion ID URINARY-BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS; MALE WISTAR RATS; MODE; RESPONSES; TOXICITY; CANCER; BETA AB Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a substituted urea herbicide that at high dietary levels (2500 ppm) induces rat urinary bladder hyperplasia after 20 weeks of exposure and neoplasia after 2 years. The effects on the urothelium after short-term exposure have not been described. The present 7-day study evaluated the dose-dependency of urothelial alterations in the urinary bladder using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Male Wistar rats were fed 0,125, 500, 2500 ppm diuron for 7 days. The urinary bladder and isolated urothelial cells of these animals were processed for microscopic examination and gene expression profiling, respectively. No significant treatment-related morphologic effects were observed. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the exposed groups increased with diuron levels. Diuron-altered genes involved in cell-to-cell interactions and tissue organization were identified in all treatment groups. After 7 days of diuron exposure, transcriptional responses were observed in the urothelium in the absence of clear morphologic changes. These morphological findings are different from those observed in a previous study in which 20 weeks of diuron exposure was associated with simple hyperplasia secondary to the persistent cytotoxicity and necrosis associated with continuous cellular regeneration. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of rats exposed to the 2500 ppm carcinogenic diuron dose for 7 days versus 20 weeks revealed few similarities between these two time points at the gene or pathway level. Taken together, these data provide insight into the dose- and temporal-dependent morphological and transcriptional changes associated with diuron exposure that may lead to the development of tumors in the rat urinary bladder. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ihlaseh-Catalano, Shadia M.; Cardoso, Ana Paula F.; de Camargo, Joao Lauro V.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Evaluat Environm Impact Human Hlth TOXICAM, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Bailey, Kathryn A.; Fry, Rebecca C.] UNC Gillings Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27559 USA. [Ren, Hongzu; Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP de Camargo, JLV (reprint author), UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Evaluat Environm Impact Human Hlth TOXICAM, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM shadia.catalano@basf.com; katie.bailey@syngenta.com; anaferragut@fmb.unesp.br; ren.hongzu@epa.gov; rfry@unc.edu; decam@fmb.unesp.br; USA.Doug.Wolf@syngenta.com FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [06/60506-1, 08/55644-1, 09/02754-7]; Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [T32 ES7018] FX This work was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP Grants No. 06/60506-1, 08/55644-1 and 09/02754-7), Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS, T32 ES7018). NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 325 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2014.08.005 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AR7UO UT WOS:000343785400003 PM 25152437 ER PT J AU Shalamzari, MS Kahnt, A Vermeylen, R Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Cuyckens, F Maenhaut, W Claeys, M AF Shalamzari, Mohammad Safi Kahnt, Ariane Vermeylen, Reinhilde Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Lewandowski, Michael Cuyckens, Filip Maenhaut, Willy Claeys, Magda TI Characterization of Polar Organosulfates in Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Green Leaf Volatile 3-Z-Hexenal SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOPRENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; PHOTOLYSIS; KINETICS; DEFENSE AB Evidence is provided That the green leaf volatiles 3-Z- hexenal serves as a precursor for biogenic secondary organic aersol through the formation of polar organosulfates (Os) with molecular weight (MW) 226. The MW 226 C-6-OSs were Chemically elucidated, along with structurally similar MW 212 C-5-OSs, whose biogenic precursor is likely related to 3-Z-hexenal but still remains unknown. The MW: 226 and 212 OSs have a substantial abundance in ambient fine aerosol from K-puszta, Hungary, which is comparable to that of the isoprene-related MW 216 OSs, known to be formed: through sulfation of C-5-epoxydiols, second-generation gas-phase photooxidation products of isoprene. Using detailed interpretation of negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectral data, the MW 226, compounds are assigned to isomeric sulfate esters of 3,4-dihydroxyhex-5-enoic acid with the sulfate group located or C-4 position. Two MW 212 compounds present in: ambient fine aerosol are attributed to isomeric sulfate :esters of 2,3-dihydroxypent-4-enoic acid, of which two are sulfated at C-3 and one is sulfated at C-2. The formation of the MW 226 :OSs is tentatively explained through photooxidation of 3-Z-hexenal in, the gas phase, resulting in alkoxy radical, followed by a rearrangement and subsequent sulfation of the epoxy group in the particle phase. C1 [Shalamzari, Mohammad Safi; Kahnt, Ariane; Vermeylen, Reinhilde; Maenhaut, Willy; Claeys, Magda] Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Shalamzari, Mohammad Safi; Maenhaut, Willy] Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Lewandowski, Michael] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cuyckens, Filip] Janssen Res & Dev, Drug Metab & Pharmacokinet, BE-2340 Beerse, Belgium. RP Claeys, M (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM magda.claeys@uantwerpen.be RI Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013; OI Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627; Cuyckens, Filip/0000-0003-4956-1418 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12671 EP 12678 DI 10.1021/es503226b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100024 PM 25271849 ER PT J AU Isaacs, KK Glen, WG Egeghy, P Goldsmith, MR Smith, L Vallero, D Brooks, R Grulke, CM Ozkaynak, H AF Isaacs, Kristin K. Glen, W. Graham Egeghy, Peter Goldsmith, Michael-Rock Smith, Luther Vallero, Daniel Brooks, Raina Grulke, Christopher M. Oezkaynak, Haluk TI SHEDS-HT: An Integrated Probabilistic Exposure Model for Prioritizing Exposures to Chemicals with Near-Field and Dietary Sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; COSMETIC PRODUCTS; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; CHLORPYRIFOS; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA AB United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) researchers are developing a strategy for high-throughput (HT) exposure-based prioritization of chemicals under the ExpoCast program. These novel modeling approaches for evaluating chemicals based on their potential for biologically relevant human exposures will inform toxicity testing and prioritization for chemical risk assessment. Based on probabilistic methods and algorithms developed for The Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Model for Multimedia, Multipathway Chemicals (SHEDS-MM), a new mechanistic modeling approach has been developed to accommodate high-throughput (HT) assessment of exposure potential. In this SHEDS-HT model, the residential and dietary modules of SHEDS-MM have been operationally modified to reduce the user burden, input data demands and run times of the higher-tier model, while maintaining critical features and inputs that influence exposure. The model has been implemented in R; the modeling framework links chemicals to consumer product categories or food groups (and thus exposure scenarios) to predict HT exposures and intake doess. Initially, SHEDS-HT has been applied to 2507 organic chemicals associated with consumer products and agricultural pesticides. These evaluations employ data from recent USEPA efforts to characterize usage (prevalence, frequency and magnitude), chemical composition, and exposure scenarios for a wide range of consumer products. In modeling indirect exposures from near-field sources SHEDS-HT employs a fugacity-based module to estimate concentrations in indoor environmental media. The concentration estimates, along with relevant exposure factors and human activity data, are then used by the model to rapidly generate probablistic population distributions of near-field indirect exposures via dermal. nondietary ingestion, and inhalation pathways. Pathway-specific estimates of near-field direct exposures from consumer products are also modeled. Population dietary exposures for a variety of chemicals found in foods are combined with the corresponding chemical-specific near-field exposure predictions to produce aggregate population exposure estimates. The estimated intake dose rates (mg/kg/day) for the 2507 chemical case-study spanned 13 orders of magnitude. SHEDS-HT successfully reproduced the pathway-specific exposure results of the higher-tier SHEDS-MM for a case-study pesticide and produced median intake doses significantly correlated (p<0.0001, R-2 = 0.39) with medians inferred using biomonitoring data for 39 chemicals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Based on the favorable performance of SHEDS-HT with respect to these initial evaluations, we believe this new tool will be useful for HT prediction of chemical exposure potential. C1 [Isaacs, Kristin K.; Egeghy, Peter; Vallero, Daniel; Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Glen, W. Graham; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Goldsmith, Michael-Rock] Chem Comp Grp, Montreal, PQ H3A 2R7, Canada. [Brooks, Raina] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Grulke, Christopher M.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Isaacs, KK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM isaacs.kristin@epa.gov NR 66 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12750 EP 12759 DI 10.1021/es502513w PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100033 PM 25222184 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JF Wang, A Dionisio, KL Frame, A Egeghy, P Judson, R Setzer, RW AF Wambaugh, John F. Wang, Anran Dionisio, Kathie L. Frame, Alicia Egeghy, Peter Judson, Richard Setzer, R. Woodrow TI High Throughput Heuristics for Prioritizing Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; MODELS AB The risk posed to human health by any of the thousands of untested anthropogenic chemicals in our environment is a function of both the hazard presented by the chemical and the extent of exposure. However, many chemicals lack estimates of exposure intake, limiting the understanding of health risks. We aim to develop a rapid heuristic method to determine potential human exposure to chemicals for application to the thousands of chemicals with little or not exposure data. We used Bayesian methodology to infer ranges of exposure consistent with biomarkers identified in urine samples from the U.S. population by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We performed linear regression on inferred exposure for demographic subsets of NHANES demarked by age, gender, and weight using chemical descriptors and use information from multiple databases and structure-based calculators. Five descriptors are capable of explaining roughly 50% of the variability in geometric means across 106 NHANES chemicals for all the demographic groups, including children aged 6-11. We use these descriptors to estimate human exposure to 7968 chemicals, the majority of which have no other quantitative exposure prediction. For thousands of chemicals with no other information, this approach allows forecasting of average exposure intake of environmental chemicals. C1 [Wambaugh, John F.; Wang, Anran; Frame, Alicia; Judson, Richard; Setzer, R. Woodrow] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dionisio, Kathie L.; Egeghy, Peter] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wang, Anran] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wang, Anran; Frame, Alicia] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Grantee, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wambaugh, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wambaugh.john@epa.gov OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12760 EP 12767 DI 10.1021/es503583j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100034 PM 25343693 ER PT J AU Erdakos, GB Bhave, PV Pouliot, GA Simon, H Mathur, R AF Erdakos, Garnet B. Bhave, Prakash V. Pouliot, George A. Simon, Heather Mathur, Rohit TI Predicting the Effects of Nanoscale Cerium Additives in Diesel Fuel on Regional-Scale Air Quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; EXPOSURE; ENGINES AB Diesel vehicles are a major source of air pollutant emissions. Fuel additives containing nanoparticulate cerium (nCe) are currently being used in some diesel vehicles to improve fuel efficiency. These fuel additives also reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions and alter the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbon (HC) species, including several hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). To predict their net effect on regional air quality, we review the emissions literature and develop a multipollutant inventory for a hypothetical scenario in which nCe additives are used in all on-road and nonroad diesel vehicles. We apply the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to a domain covering the eastern U.S. for a summer and a whiter period. Model calculations suggest modest decreases of average PM2.5 concentrations and relatively larger decreases in particulate elemental carbon. The nCe additives also have an effect on 8 h maximum ozone in summer. Variable effects on HAPs are predicted. The total U.S. emissions of fine-particulate cerium are estimated to increase 25-fold and result in elevated levels of airborne cerium (up to 22 ng/m(3)), which might adversely impact human health and the environment. C1 [Erdakos, Garnet B.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Pouliot, George A.; Mathur, Rohit] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Simon, Heather] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Erdakos, GB (reprint author), Sonoma Technol Inc, 1455 N McDowell Blvd,Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM gerdakos@sonomatech.com RI simon, heather/E-4392-2011 OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12775 EP 12782 DI 10.1021/es504050g PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100036 PM 25271762 ER PT J AU Holman, E Gray, G AF Holman, Elizabeth Gray, George TI Setting Pesticide Reference Doses: A Retrospective Analysis Examining Key Data and Choices SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; reference dose; science policy; pesticides ID SAFETY ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; RISK; CHEMICALS; HAZARD; US AB Toxicity tests are widely used to set acceptable levels of chemical exposure. Different organizations have identified a base set of tests specifying a mix of endpoints, durations, and species to be tested. A specific test and endpoint is chosen as the basis for calculation of human health risk values like reference doses (RfDs). This study empirically evaluates the data and choices made in setting acute and chronic RfDs for 352 conventional pesticides. The results suggest that for Acute, Acute-Female Specific, and Chronic RfDs one test is used far more than others. Ninety-six percent of the 116 Acute Female-Specific RfDs relied on a developmental toxicity test and 78% of Chronic RfDs used the chronic bioassay. Tests in rats were used far more often than other species in all RfD calculations. For all types of RfDs a total uncertainty factor of 100 was most common although values as low as 1 and as high as 3000 were seen. These results provide insights not only into the science policy frameworks used, but also into ways toxicity testing and risk assessment may be streamlined and made more efficient. C1 [Holman, Elizabeth] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Holman, Elizabeth; Gray, George] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Ctr Risk Sci & Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Holman, E (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 7509P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Holman.Elizabeth@epamail.epa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD NOV 2 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1550 EP 1564 DI 10.1080/10807039.2013.879017 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE8QO UT WOS:000334266600009 ER PT J AU Gladwell, W Yost, O Nelson, S McCaw, Z Gilmour, I Ciencewicki, J Kleeberger, S AF Gladwell, Wesley, II Yost, Oriana Nelson, Spencer McCaw, Zachary Gilmour, Ian Ciencewicki, Jonathan Kleeberger, Steven TI Differential Susceptibility to Diesel Exhaust Extract in Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gladwell, Wesley, II; Yost, Oriana; Nelson, Spencer; McCaw, Zachary; Ciencewicki, Jonathan; Kleeberger, Steven] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gilmour, Ian] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 SU 1 MA 125 BP S61 EP S61 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.368 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CO9WA UT WOS:000359525800145 ER PT J AU Verhein, KC Nichols, JL Panduri, V Gladwell, W Marzec, J McCaw, Z Reeves, N Malphurs, J Solomon, G Wiltshire, T Burkholder, A Fargo, D Bell, D Van Houten, B Kleeberger, SR AF Verhein, Kirsten C. Nichols, Jennifer L. Panduri, Vijayalakshmi Gladwell, Wesley Marzec, Jacqui McCaw, Zachary Reeves, Nicole Malphurs, Jason Solomon, Greg Wiltshire, Tim Burkholder, Adam Fargo, David Bell, Douglas Van Houten, Bennett Kleeberger, Steven R. TI Genetic Determinants of Oxidant-Induced Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Lesions in a Neonatal Inbred Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Verhein, Kirsten C.; Panduri, Vijayalakshmi; Gladwell, Wesley; Marzec, Jacqui; McCaw, Zachary; Reeves, Nicole; Malphurs, Jason; Solomon, Greg; Burkholder, Adam; Fargo, David; Bell, Douglas; Kleeberger, Steven R.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nichols, Jennifer L.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Wiltshire, Tim] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Van Houten, Bennett] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 SU 1 MA 409 BP S167 EP S168 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.058 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CO9WA UT WOS:000359525800428 ER PT J AU Wages, PA Silbajoris, R Bromberg, PA Simmons, SO Samet, JM AF Wages, Phillip A. Silbajoris, Robert Bromberg, Philip A. Simmons, Steven O. Samet, James M. TI Exploring the Role of H2O2 in Zinc-Induced Cellular Oxidative Effects SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wages, Phillip A.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Silbajoris, Robert; Samet, James M.] US EPA, EPHD, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.] Univ N Carolina, CEMALB, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Simmons, Steven O.] US EPA, ISTD, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 SU 1 MA 377 BP S153 EP S153 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.573 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CO9WA UT WOS:000359525800396 ER PT J AU Doa, M Lewis, P Canavan, S Gonzalez, Y AF Doa, M. Lewis, P. Canavan, S. Gonzalez, Y. TI ChemView: Making data on chemicals publicly available SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT APS-CPS Joint Meeting CY AUG 09-13, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP APS, CPS C1 [Doa, M.; Lewis, P.; Canavan, S.; Gonzalez, Y.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 11 SU 3 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5GG UT WOS:000346303300188 ER PT J AU Browne, P AF Browne, P. TI EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program: Background and evaluation of Tier 1 results from chemical case studies SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT APS-CPS Joint Meeting CY AUG 09-13, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP APS, CPS C1 [Browne, P.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 11 SU 3 BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5GG UT WOS:000346303301026 ER PT J AU Alexis, NE Carlsten, C AF Alexis, Neil E. Carlsten, Chris TI Interplay of air pollution and asthma immunopathogenesis: A focused review of diesel exhaust and ozone SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Diesel exhaust particles (DEP); Ozone; Innate immune response; Allergic inflammation; Asthma ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; DENDRITIC CELL MATURATION; IN-VIVO; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; NEUTROPHIL RESPONSE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; ALLERGIC-ASTHMA; IGE PRODUCTION AB Controlled human exposure experiments with diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and ozone serve to illustrate the important role pollutants play in modulating both allergic mechanisms and immune responses to affect the immunopathogenesis of airway diseases such as asthma. For DEP, evidence is stronger for the exacerbation of existing asthma rather than for the development of new disease. To the extent that this enhancement occurs, the augmentation of Th2-type immunity seems to be a common element. For ozone, neutrophilic inflammation, altered immune cell phenotype and function and oxidative stress are all marked responses that likely contribute to underlying immune-inflammatory features of asthma. Evidence is also emerging that unique gene signatures and epigenetic control of immune and inflammatory-based genes are playing important roles in the magnitude of the impact ozone is having on respiratory health. Indeed, the interplay between air pollutants such as DEP and ozone and asthma immunopathogenesis is an ongoing concern in terms of understanding how exposure to these agents can lead to worsening of disease. To this end, asthmatics may be pre-disposed to the deleterious effects of pollutants like ozone, having constitutively modified host defense functions and gene signatures. Although this review has utilized DEP and ozone as example pollutants, more research is needed to better understand the interplay between air pollution in general and asthma immumopathogenesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alexis, Neil E.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Carlsten, Chris] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Carlsten, Chris] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Alexis, NE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, US EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Neil_Alexis@med.unc.edu NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 EI 1878-1705 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.009 PG 9 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AX6FZ UT WOS:000347019800045 PM 25194677 ER PT J AU Mitsch, WJ Nedrich, SM Harter, SK Anderson, C Nahlik, AM Bernal, B AF Mitsch, William J. Nedrich, Sara M. Harter, Sarah K. Anderson, Christopher Nahlik, Amanda M. Bernal, Blanca TI Sedimentation in created freshwater riverine wetlands: 15 years of succession and contrast of methods SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Freshwater marsh; Olentangy River Wetland Research Park; Sedimentation; Erosion; Bioturbation; Horizon markers ID SMALL CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; RAPIDLY SUBSIDING WETLAND; FORESTED WETLAND; SALT MARSHES; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; RIPARIAN WETLANDS; SOIL PARTICLES; CANAL IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; SELF-DESIGN AB This study summarizes five separate sedimentation studies spanning 15 years (years 3-17 following wetland creation in 1994) of two 1 ha experimental flow-through wetlands. Included are methods and analyses of the most recent (2009-2010) comparative study that attempted to quantify both erosion and bioturbation processes. Depending on techniques used, two distinct types of sedimentation rates were estimated-gross and net sedimentation. Gross sedimentation in 2004-2005 (years 11 and 12) using sediment trap bottles was 45 kg m(-2) for 4 months during and after spring flood pulsing conditions in 2004 and 39 kg m(-2) for the same 4 months during and after steady flow conditions in 2005. Annual sediment accretion using feldspar and other horizon markers was 31.7 +/- 4.4 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (4.2 +/- 0.6 cm yr(-1)) in 1996 (year 3 after wetland creation) and 34.4 +/- 4.5 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (5.5 +/- 0.8 cm yr(-1)) in 2009 (year 16 after wetland creation). Net sedimentation using soil cores to estimate accumulation of sediments over antecedent soil horizon layers was 4.7 +/- 0.3 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (0.9 +/- 0.07 cm yr(-1)) in 2004 (year 11) and 6.0 +/- 0.4 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (0.9 +/- 0.06 cm yr(-1)) in 2009 (year 16). Net sedimentation, using estimates of sedimentation and erosion with the sediment erosion table (SET) method in 2009-2010 (years 16-17) was 3.9 +/- 6.1-9.0 kg m(-2) yr(-1) (1.3 +/- 0.8-1.4 cm yr(-1)). Bioturbation by macrofauna significantly decreased sedimentation rates during the 2009 (year 16) study. Spatial patterns, consistent among horizon marker and net sedimentation studies, showed that deep, open-water areas had higher rates of sedimentation than shallow areas with emergent vegetation, and that sedimentation rates were higher when closer to the inflow than at the outflow of these flow-through wetlands. Net sedimentation of these created riverine wetlands ranged from 1.2 cm/yr to 1.4 cm/yr, suggesting that these wetlands will accumulate about 30 cm of sediments in a little more than two decades. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mitsch, William J.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Naples, FL 34112 USA. [Nedrich, Sara M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Harter, Sarah K.] Ohio EPA Southeast Dist Off, Logan, OH 43138 USA. [Anderson, Christopher] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Nahlik, Amanda M.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Bernal, Blanca] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Biogeochem Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Mitsch, WJ (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Everglades Wetland Res Pk, Naples, FL 34112 USA. EM wmitsch@fgcu.edu OI Mitsch, William/0000-0001-8348-3172 FU Society of Wetland Scientists; OARCD graduate research enhancement; Payne; SEEDS grants; USDA NRI CSREES [2002-35102-13518]; USEPA from Cincinnati OH [EM83329801-0]; Gulf of Mexico Program [MX95413108-0]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1033451, CBET-0829026]; Sigma Xi (Ohio State Chapter) FX Thanks to the many wetlanders who helped the authors in the four separate studies summarized here; you are too numerous to mention but your contributions to wetland science remain important. This research was supported by several sources including Society of Wetland Scientists student support, OARCD graduate research enhancement, Payne, and SEEDS grants, USDA NRI CSREES Grant no. 2002-35102-13518, USEPA Agreements-EM83329801-0 from Cincinnati OH and MX95413108-0 from Gulf of Mexico Program, the National Science Foundation (CBET-1033451 and CBET-0829026), and a Sigma Xi (Ohio State Chapter) Grant-In-Aid of Research award. Thanks to Anne Mischo for an illustration on a short time frame. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.116 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA AW6NY UT WOS:000346387300003 ER PT J AU Stauffer, BA Goes, JI Mckee, KT Gomes, HD Stabeno, PJ AF Stauffer, Beth A. Goes, Joaquim I. Mckee, Kali T. Gomes, Helga do Rosario Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Comparison of spring-time phytoplankton community composition in two cold years from the western Gulf of Alaska into the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Community composition; Phytoplankton; Climatic changes; Food webs; Marine ecology ID NORTH PACIFIC; FOOD WEBS; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; PHAEOCYSTIS; CLIMATE; ICE AB The Bering Sea is a highly productive ecosystem providing the main oceanographic connection between the North Pacific and Arctic oceans. The atmospheric connection with the Arctic Ocean leads to seasonal sea ice formation in the Bering Sea, the areal extent and timing of retreat of which have important implications for primary productivity and phytoplankton community composition in this region. Hydrographic data from cruises and satellite sea ice and sea surface temperature data in spring 2011 and 2012 suggest classification of these years as relatively warmer and colder years, respectively. Locations in the western Gulf of Alaska (Pavlof Bay), at the north end of an eastern pass through the Aleutian Islands (Unimak Pass), and on the continental shelf of the Bering Sea (M2) were visited in both years. Stratification was apparent on the shelf in 2012, while the water column was comparatively well-mixed at other locations in both years. Phytoplankton biomass was highest in 2011 overall and specifically on the shelf in both years, while minimal biomass was measured within the well-mixed Unimak Pass in 2012. Surface phytoplankton size distributions included substantial contributions of picoplankton (< 3 mu m) in 2011 (21-35%), while micro-(20-200 mu m) and nanoplankton (3-20 mu m) comprised 79% and 95% of biomass in Pavlof Bay and at M2, respectively, in 2012. Analyses of similarity revealed spatial variability in the phytoplankton assemblages within each year (2011: R=0.588, p < 0.004; 2012: R=0.646, p < 0.004). Additionally, between-year variability had a strong and significant effect on differences between assemblages across all locations (R=0.579, p < 0.0003), likely masking differences between sites when years were grouped (R=0.134, p < 0.079). These differences were likely driven by the dominance (up to 75% in Unimak Pass) of the colonial prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. at all sites in 2011, resulting in reduced community diversity, compared to more widespread abundance of large diatoms of the genera Thalassiosira, Thalassiothrix, and Chaetoceros in 2012. The current study shows that within-regime differences in phytoplankton community composition between years can be almost as great as that between locations with vastly different oceanographic settings. High between-and multi-year variability may combine with a potential overall decline in sea ice in the Bering Sea to produce significant changes in the productive base of the food web with potential cascading effects on higher, economically and ecologically important trophic levels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stauffer, Beth A.; Goes, Joaquim I.; Mckee, Kali T.; Gomes, Helga do Rosario] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol & Paleo Environm, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stauffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stauffer@ldeo.columbia.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX10AP10G, NNX11AP28G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Eco-FOCI project FX This is BEST-BSIERP publication number 130. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grants # NNX10AP10G and NNX11AP28G), and space aboard the R/V Oscar Dyson was generously provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in concert with the Eco-FOCI project. The authors thank K. Keebler for field assistance, J.M. Rose NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.007 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900006 ER PT J AU Milanovich, JR Hopton, ME AF Milanovich, Joseph R. Hopton, Matthew E. TI Stoichiometry of a semi-aquatic plethodontid salamander: Intraspecific variation due to location, size and diet SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; Eurycea cirrigera; nitrogen; phosphorus; stream ID ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; HEADWATER STREAMS; TROPICAL STREAM; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MIXING MODELS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NUTRIENT; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; DYNAMICS AB Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework to investigate an organism's relationship to nutrient cycles. An organism's stoichiometry is thought to constrain its contribution to nutrient cycles (recycling or storage), and to limit its growth and reproduction. Factors that influence the stoichiometry of a consumer are largely unstudied, but what is known is that consumer stoichiometry is influenced by the elemental requirements of the consumer (e.g. for growth, reproduction and cell maintenance) and the availability of elements. We examined whole-body stoichiometry of larval southern two-lined salamanders (Eurycea cirrigera) and described the influence of location, body size, stoichiometry of diet items, and environmental nutrient supply on whole-body stoichiometry. Mean composition of phosphorous was 2.6%, nitrogen was 11.3%, and carbon was 39.6%, which are similar for other aquatic vertebrate taxa. The most significant predictor of whole-body stoichiometry was the site where the samples were collected, which was significant for each nutrient and nutrient ratio. Body size and stoichiometry of diet items were also predictors of Eurycea cirrigera stoichiometry. Our study suggests that spatial differences in environmental nutrient supply have a stronger influence on consumer whole-body stoichiometry among similar-sized larvae compared to life history traits, such as body size or diet. C1 [Milanovich, Joseph R.; Hopton, Matthew E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab,Sustainable Environm, Cincinnati, OH 45068 USA. RP Hopton, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Clean Proc Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45068 USA. EM hopton.matthew@epa.gov OI Hopton, Matt/0000-0001-7962-6820 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1749-4877 EI 1749-4869 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.1111/1749-4877.12114 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AU6EG UT WOS:000345695200007 PM 25236804 ER PT J AU Wetmore, BA Allen, B Clewell, HJ Parker, T Wambaugh, JF Almond, LM Sochaski, MA Thomas, RS AF Wetmore, Barbara A. Allen, Brittany Clewell, Harvey J., III Parker, Timothy Wambaugh, John F. Almond, Lisa M. Sochaski, Mark A. Thomas, Russell S. TI Incorporating Population Variability and Susceptible Subpopulations into Dosimetry for High-Throughput Toxicity Testing SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE In vitro in vivo extrapolation; population variability; toxicokinetics; reaction phenotyping; dosimetry; risk assessment ID STATE PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PHARMACOKINETIC-PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERFACE; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; IN-VITRO; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS AB Momentum is growing worldwide to use in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) to evaluate human health effects of chemicals. However, the integration of dosimetry into HTS assays and incorporation of population variability will be essential before its application in a risk assessment context. Previously, we employed in vitro hepatic metabolic clearance and plasma protein binding data with in vitro in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) modeling to estimate oral equivalent doses, or daily oral chemical doses required to achieve steady-state blood concentrations (C-ss) equivalent to media concentrations having a defined effect in an in vitro HTS assay. In this study, hepatic clearance rates of selected ToxCast chemicals were measured in vitro for 13 cytochrome P450 and five uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronysyltransferase isozymes using recombinantly expressed enzymes. The isozyme-specific clearance rates were then incorporated into an IVIVE model that captures known differences in isozyme expression across several life stages and ethnic populations. Comparison of the median C-ss for a healthy population against the median or the upper 95th percentile for more sensitive populations revealed differences of 1.3- to 4.3-fold or 3.1- to 13.1-fold, respectively. Such values may be used to derive chemical-specific human toxicokinetic adjustment factors. The IVIVE model was also used to estimate subpopulation-specific oral equivalent doses that were directly compared with subpopulation-specific exposure estimates. This study successfully combines isozyme and physiologic differences to quantitate subpopulation pharmacokinetic variability. Incorporation of these values with dosimetry and in vitro bioactivities provides a viable approach that could be employed within a high-throughput risk assessment framework. C1 [Wetmore, Barbara A.; Allen, Brittany; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Parker, Timothy; Sochaski, Mark A.; Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wambaugh, John F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Almond, Lisa M.] Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Ctr, Sheffield S2 4SU, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wetmore, BA (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bwetmore@thehamner.org OI Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Agilent Thought Leader Award, Agilent Foundation FX American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative; Agilent Thought Leader Award, Agilent Foundation. NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 210 EP 224 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfu169 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AU8IT UT WOS:000345840600019 PM 25145659 ER PT J AU Breen, MS Burke, JM Batterman, SA Vette, AF Godwin, C Croghan, CW Schultz, BD Long, TC AF Breen, Michael S. Burke, Janet M. Batterman, Stuart A. Vette, Alan F. Godwin, Christopher Croghan, Carry W. Schultz, Bradley D. Long, Thomas C. TI Modeling Spatial and Temporal Variability of Residential Air Exchange Rates for the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Science and Knowledge Co-Production for Ecosystems and Human Well-Being CY MAY 25-31, 2014 CL Villa Vigoni, ITALY DE air exchange rate modeling; air pollution; health; exposure ID CENTRAL NORTH-CAROLINA; INFILTRATION; JACKKNIFE; INDOOR; ASSESSMENTS; BOOTSTRAP; ERROR; PM2.5; TIME AB Air pollution health studies often use outdoor concentrations as exposure surrogates. Failure to account for variability of residential infiltration of outdoor pollutants can induce exposure errors and lead to bias and incorrect confidence intervals in health effect estimates. The residential air exchange rate (AER), which is the rate of exchange of indoor air with outdoor air, is an important determinant for house-to-house (spatial) and temporal variations of air pollution infiltration. Our goal was to evaluate and apply mechanistic models to predict AERs for 213 homes in the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS), a cohort study of traffic-related air pollution exposures and respiratory effects in asthmatic children living near major roads in Detroit, Michigan. We used a previously developed model (LBL), which predicts AER from meteorology and questionnaire data on building characteristics related to air leakage, and an extended version of this model (LBLX) that includes natural ventilation from open windows. As a critical and novel aspect of our AER modeling approach, we performed a cross validation, which included both parameter estimation (i.e., model calibration) and model evaluation, based on daily AER measurements from a subset of 24 study homes on five consecutive days during two seasons. The measured AER varied between 0.09 and 3.48 h(-1) with a median of 0.64 h(-1). For the individual model-predicted and measured AER, the median absolute difference was 29% (0.19 h(-1)) for both the LBL and LBLX models. The LBL and LBLX models predicted 59% and 61% of the variance in the AER, respectively. Daily AER predictions for all 213 homes during the three year study (2010-2012) showed considerable house-to-house variations from building leakage differences, and temporal variations from outdoor temperature and wind speed fluctuations. Using this novel approach, NEXUS will be one of the first epidemiology studies to apply calibrated and home-specific AER models, and to include the spatial and temporal variations of AER for over 200 individual homes across multiple years into an exposure assessment in support of improving risk estimates. C1 [Breen, Michael S.; Burke, Janet M.; Godwin, Christopher; Croghan, Carry W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Batterman, Stuart A.; Godwin, Christopher] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vette, Alan F.] US EPA, Immediate Off Assistant Administrator, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Long, Thomas C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Breen, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM breen.michael@epa.gov; burke.janet@epa.gov; stuartb@umich.edu; vette.alan@epa.gov; ccgodwin@umich.edu; croghan.carry@epa.gov; schultz_brad@yahoo.com; long.tom@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [R834117, EP-D-10-070]; NIEHS [5-R01-ES014677-02, R01 ES016769-01] FX The NEXUS study involves a community-based participatory research partnership, which was conducted with input from several partners, including the Community Action Against Asthma (CAAA) Steering Committee. We thank the CAAA its member organizations including the Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services, Community Health and Social Services Center Inc., Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice, Friends of Parkside, Detroit Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, Latino Family Services, Southwest Detroit Environmental Vision, Warren/Conner Development Corporation, the University of Michigan School of Medicine, the University of Michigan School of Public Health, and an independent community activist. We also thank Thomas Robins and Toby Lewis, and our field laboratory and data management staff including Leonard Brakefield, Sonya Grant, Laprisha Berry Vaughn, Graciela Menz, and Irme Cuadros (University of Michigan). We also thank Gary Norris for his help with the study design, and Robert Devlin and Michelle Oakes (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) for their reviews and helpful suggestions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research under cooperative agreement R834117 (University of Michigan) and contract EP-D-10-070 (Alion Science and Technology). Although this manuscript was reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The study was conducted as part of NIEHS grants 5-R01-ES014677-02 and R01 ES016769-01. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD NOV PY 2014 VL 11 IS 11 BP 11481 EP 11504 DI 10.3390/ijerph111111481 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU3RT UT WOS:000345532000028 PM 25386953 ER PT J AU Oakes, MM Baxter, LK Duvall, RM Madden, M Xie, MJ Hannigan, MP Peel, JL Pachon, JE Balachandran, S Russell, A Long, TC AF Oakes, Michelle M. Baxter, Lisa K. Duvall, Rachelle M. Madden, Meagan Xie, Mingjie Hannigan, Michael P. Peel, Jennifer L. Pachon, Jorge E. Balachandran, Siv Russell, Armistead Long, Thomas C. TI Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE multipollutant; air pollution; exposure metrics; source apportionment; mobile sources; emissions-based indicators ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; SOURCE-APPORTIONMENT; TIME-SERIES; PARTICULATE MATTER; AMBIENT AIR; PM2.5 CHARACTERIZATION; SPECIATION METHODS; MEASUREMENT ERROR AB A variety of single pollutant and multipollutant metrics can be used to represent exposure to traffic pollutant mixtures and evaluate their health effects. Integrated mobile source indicators (IMSIs) that combine air quality concentration and emissions data have recently been developed and evaluated using data from Atlanta, Georgia. IMSIs were found to track trends in traffic-related pollutants and have similar or stronger associations with health outcomes. In the current work, we apply IMSIs for gasoline, diesel and total (gasoline + diesel) vehicles to two other cities (Denver, Colorado and Houston, Texas) with different emissions profiles as well as to a different dataset from Atlanta. We compare spatial and temporal variability of IMSIs to single-pollutant indicators (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC)) and multipollutant source apportionment factors produced by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Across cities, PMF-derived and IMSI gasoline metrics were most strongly correlated with CO (r = 0.31-0.98), while multipollutant diesel metrics were most strongly correlated with EC (r = 0.80-0.98). NOx correlations with PMF factors varied across cities (r = 0.29-0.67), while correlations with IMSIs were relatively consistent (r = 0.61-0.94). In general, single-pollutant metrics were more correlated with IMSIs (r = 0.58-0.98) than with PMF-derived factors (r = 0.07-0.99). A spatial analysis indicated that IMSIs were more strongly correlated (r > 0.7) between two sites in each city than single pollutant and PMF factors. These findings provide confidence that IMSIs provide a transferable, simple approach to estimate mobile source air pollution in cities with differing topography and source profiles using readily available data. C1 [Oakes, Michelle M.; Madden, Meagan; Long, Thomas C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oakes, Michelle M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Baxter, Lisa K.; Duvall, Rachelle M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Xie, Mingjie; Hannigan, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xie, Mingjie] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Peel, Jennifer L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pachon, Jorge E.] La Salle Univ, Program Environm Engn, Bogota, CO USA. [Balachandran, Siv; Russell, Armistead] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Balachandran, Siv] Union Concerned Scientists, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Oakes, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mmoakes17@gmail.com; baxter.lisa@epa.gov; duvall.rachelle@epa.gov; meagankmadden@gmail.com; mingjie.xie@colorado.edu; hannigan@colorado.edu; jennifer.peel@colostate.edu; jpachon@unisalle.edu.co; siv@gatech.edu; ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu; long.tom@epa.gov FU Research Participation Program in the National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors wish to thank Michael Breen, Steven J. Dutton, Jennifer Richmond-Bryant, Reeder Sams, and John Vandenberg for their helpful comments in review of this manuscript. The authors also wish to thank Alison Eyth and Adam Reff at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for their help retrieving mobile source emissions data. MMO was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program in the National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency. Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD NOV PY 2014 VL 11 IS 11 BP 11727 EP 11752 DI 10.3390/ijerph111111727 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU3RT UT WOS:000345532000044 PM 25405595 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Gibson, JJ Birks, SJ Weber, MH Rodecap, KD Stoddard, JL AF Brooks, J. Renee Gibson, John J. Birks, S. Jean Weber, Marc H. Rodecap, Kent D. Stoddard, John L. TI Stable isotope estimates of evaporation : inflow and water residence time for lakes across the United States as a tool for national lake water quality assessments SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; METEORIC PRECIPITATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NITROGEN REMOVAL; LAND-USE; RESERVOIRS; HYDROGEN; CLIMATE; BALANCE; CANADA AB We used water delta H-2 and delta O-18 from ca. 1000 lakes sampled in the 2007 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Lakes Assessment (NLA) to assess two hydrological variables-evaporation as a percentage of inflow (E : I) and water residence time (tau) for summer 2007. Using a population survey design, sampled lakes were distributed across the conterminous U.S., and results were scaled to the inference population (similar to 50,000 U.S. lakes). These hydrologic variables were related to lake nutrients and biological condition to illustrate their usefulness in national water quality monitoring efforts. For 50% of lakes, evaporation was, 25% of inflow, with values ranging up to 113% during the 2007 summer. Residence time was, 0.52 yr for half of the lakes and, 1.12 yr for 75% of lakes. Categorizing lakes by flow regime, 66.1% of lakes were flow-though lakes (60% or more of the water flows through the lake, E : I < 0.4), 33.6% were restricted-basin lakes (40% or more of the lake inflow evaporates, 0.4 < E: I < 1), and < 0.3% were closed basin (all water entering the lake leaves through evaporation, E : I > 1). While climate patterns drove some of the spatial patterns of E : I and tau, variation in lake depth and watershed size (influencing precipitation volume) were also significant drivers. Lake hydrochemistry was strongly correlated to E: I and more weakly related to tau. Lakes in poor biological condition (based on a predictive model of planktonic taxa) were significantly more evaporated than lakes in good biological condition. C1 [Brooks, J. Renee; Weber, Marc H.; Rodecap, Kent D.; Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Gibson, John J.] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Birks, S. Jean] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; Weber, Marc/0000-0002-9742-4744 FU U.S. EPA FX This work was supported by the U.S. EPA. This manuscript has been subjected to the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as a U.S. EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 44 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2150 EP 2165 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2150 PG 16 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU2QK UT WOS:000345462700027 ER PT J AU McDonald, CP Lottig, NR Stoddard, JL Herlihy, AT Lehmann, S Paulsen, SG Peck, DV Pollard, AI Stevenson, RJ AF McDonald, Cory P. Lottig, Noah R. Stoddard, John L. Herlihy, Alan T. Lehmann, Sarah Paulsen, Steven G. Peck, David V. Pollard, Amina I. Stevenson, R. Jan TI Comment on Bachmann et al. (2013): A nonrepresentative sample cannot describe the extent of cultural eutrophication of natural lakes in the United States SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS C1 [McDonald, Cory P.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin, Trout Lake Res Stn, Boulder Jct, WI USA. [Stoddard, John L.; Paulsen, Steven G.; Peck, David V.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lehmann, Sarah; Pollard, Amina I.] US EPA, Off Water, Monitoring Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Stevenson, R. Jan] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McDonald, CP (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. EM Cory.McDonald@wisconsin.gov OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; McDonald, Cory/0000-0002-1208-8471 FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the National Science Foundation; North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research (Division of Environmental Biology) [DEB-0822700]; MacroSystems Biology program (Emerging Frontiers) [EF1065818] FX We thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for making the National Lakes Assessment data freely available, and Roger Bachmann for sharing his working dataset. We acknowledge input provided by Lester Yuan, Steve Carpenter, Tim Kratz, Patricia Soranno, and Emily Stanley on early versions of this manuscript. We also thank Roger Bachmann and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. This work was also supported by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the National Science Foundation, North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research (Division of Environmental Biology, DEB-0822700) and MacroSystems Biology program (Emerging Frontiers, EF1065818). NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2226 EP 2230 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2226 PG 5 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU2QK UT WOS:000345462700032 ER PT J AU Wu, QS Lane, C Liu, HX AF Wu, Qiusheng Lane, Charles Liu, Hongxing TI An Effective Method for Detecting Potential Woodland Vernal Pools Using High-Resolution LiDAR Data and Aerial Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE geographically isolated wetlands; seasonal wetlands; depression analysis; Massachusetts ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; WATER INDEX NDWI; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; CONNECTIVITY; DEPRESSIONS; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB Effective conservation of woodland vernal pools-important components of regional amphibian diversity and ecosystem services-depends on locating and mapping these pools accurately. Current methods for identifying potential vernal pools are primarily based on visual interpretation and digitization of aerial photographs, with variable accuracy and low repeatability. In this paper, we present an effective and efficient method for detecting and mapping potential vernal pools using stochastic depression analysis with additional geospatial analysis. Our method was designed to take advantage of high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, which are becoming increasingly available, though not yet frequently employed in vernal pool studies. We successfully detected more than 2000 potential vernal pools in a similar to 150 km(2) study area in eastern Massachusetts. The accuracy assessment in our study indicated that the commission rates ranged from 2.5% to 6.0%, while the proxy omission rate was 8.2%, rates that are much lower than reported errors of previous vernal pool studies conducted in the northeastern United States. One significant advantage of our semi-automated approach for vernal pool identification is that it may reduce inconsistencies and alleviate repeatability concerns associated with manual photointerpretation methods. Another strength of our strategy is that, in addition to detecting the point-based vernal pool locations for the inventory, the boundaries of vernal pools can be extracted as polygon features to characterize their geometric properties, which are not available in the current statewide vernal pool databases in Massachusetts. C1 [Wu, Qiusheng] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lane, Charles] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wu, Qiusheng; Liu, Hongxing] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Wu.Qiusheng@epa.gov; Lane.Charles@epa.gov; Hongxing.Liu@uc.edu RI Wu, Qiusheng/C-7976-2016 OI Wu, Qiusheng/0000-0001-5437-4073 NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 11444 EP 11467 DI 10.3390/rs61111444 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AU3RG UT WOS:000345530700053 ER PT J AU Consoer, DM Hoffman, AD Fitzsimmons, PN Kosian, PA Nichols, JW AF Consoer, Daniel M. Hoffman, Alex D. Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Kosian, Patricia A. Nichols, John W. TI Toxicokinetics of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluoroalkyl acid; Perfluorooctanoate; Rainbow trout; Renal elimination; Tissue distribution; Membrane transporter ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER; CHAIN PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; RENAL EXCRETION; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; EFFLUX TRANSPORTERS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; WINTER FLOUNDER AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined to respirometer-metabolism chambers were dosed with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) by intra-arterial (i.a.) injection and sampled to obtain concentration time-course data for plasma, urine, and expired water. The data were then analyzed by compartmental modeling to estimate rates of renal and branchial clearance. Averaged across all animals, the renal clearance rate (1.35 mL/h/kg) was more than ten times greater than the branchial clearance rate (0.12 mL/h/kg). The average whole-body elimination half-life was 12.6 d, which is somewhat longer than values obtained in previous studies with smaller trout. The tissue distribution of PFOA was assessed by collecting tissues at the end of chambered exposures and in a separate tissue time-course experiment. From the time-course study it appeared that an internal steady-state was established within 24 h of i.a. injection. Consistent with previous studies, the rank order of PFOA concentration in tissues at steady state was: plasma > liver> kidney > muscle. In a second set of chambered experiments, fish were exposed to PFOA in water to determine the rate of branchial uptake. Branchial uptake rates were too low to assess directly by measuring PFOA concentrations in inspired and expired water. Uptake rate constants (mean 0.19 L/d/kg; 0.1% uptake efficiency) were therefore estimated by compartmental modeling using plasma concentration time-course data and model parameters derived from the elimination experiments. It is clear from this effort that elimination of PFOA by trout occurs primarily via the renal route. This finding is consistent with numerous studies of mammals and suggests that trout possess membrane transporters that facilitate the movement of PFOA from plasma to urine. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Consoer, Daniel M.; Hoffman, Alex D.; Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.; Kosian, Patricia A.; Nichols, John W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 156 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.022 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AT8NO UT WOS:000345190000008 PM 25150511 ER PT J AU Maloney, SK Fuller, A Mitchell, D Gordon, C Overton, JM AF Maloney, Shane K. Fuller, Andrea Mitchell, Duncan Gordon, Christopher Overton, J. Michael TI Translating Animal Model Research: Does It Matter That Our Rodents Are Cold? SO PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIET-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; LABORATORY MICE; NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; HOUSING TEMPERATURE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; BODY-TEMPERATURE; TRANSGENIC MICE; OLD RATS AB Does it matter that rodents used as preclinical models of human biology are routinely housed below their thermoneutral zone? We compile evidence showing that such rodents are cold-stressed, hypermetabolic, hypertensive, sleep-deprived, obesity-resistant, fever-resistant, aging-resistant, and tumor-prone compared with mice housed at thermoneutrality. The same genotype of mouse has a very different phenotype and response to physiological or pharmacological intervention when raised below or at thermoneutrality. C1 [Maloney, Shane K.; Mitchell, Duncan] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat Physiol & Human Biol, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Maloney, Shane K.; Fuller, Andrea; Mitchell, Duncan] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Physiol, Brain Funct Res Grp, Parktown, South Africa. [Gordon, Christopher] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Overton, J. Michael] Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Maloney, SK (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat Physiol & Human Biol, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia. OI Fuller, Andrea/0000-0001-6370-8151 NR 66 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1548-9213 EI 1548-9221 J9 PHYSIOLOGY JI Physiology PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1152/physiol.00029.2014 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA AT5QB UT WOS:000344996000006 PM 25362635 ER PT J AU Burns, CJ Wright, M Pierson, JB Bateson, TF Burstyn, I Goldstein, DA Klaunig, JE Luben, TJ Mihlan, G Ritter, L Schnatter, AR Symons, JM Yi, KD AF Burns, Carol J. Wright, Michael Pierson, Jennifer B. Bateson, Thomas F. Burstyn, Igor Goldstein, Daniel A. Klaunig, James E. Luben, Thomas J. Mihlan, Gary Ritter, Leonard Schnatter, A. Robert Symons, J. Morel Yi, Kun Don TI Evaluating Uncertainty to Strengthen Epidemiologic Data for Use in Human Health Risk Assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MATCHED CASE-CONTROL; MEASUREMENT ERROR; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; LUNG-CANCER; MISCLASSIFICATION; FRAMEWORK; BIAS AB Background: There is a recognized ned to improve the application of epidemiologic data in human health risk assessment especially for understanding and characterizing risks from environmental and occupational exposures. Although there is uncertainty associated with the results of most epidemiologic studies, techniques exist to characterize uncertainty that can be applied to improve weight-of-evidence evaluations and risk characterization efforts. Methods: This report derives from a Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) workshop held in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, to discuss the utility of using epidemiologic data in risk assessments, including the use of advanced analytic methods to address sources of uncertainty. Epidemiologists, toxicologists, and risk assessors from academia, government, and industry convened to discuss uncertainty, exposure assessment, and application of analytic methods to address these challenges. Synthesis: Several recommendations emerged to help improve the utility of epidemiologic data in risk assessment. For example, improved characterization of uncertainty is needed to allow risk assessors to quantitatively assess potential sources of bias. Data are needed to facilitate this quantitative analysis, and inter-disciplinary approaches will help ensure that sufficient information is collected for a thorough uncertainty evaluation. Advanced analytic methods and tools such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and Bayesian statistical techniques can provide important insights and support interpretation of epidemiologic data. Conclusions: The discussions and recommendations from this workshop demonstrate that there are practical steps that the scientific community can adopt to strengthen epidemiologic data for decision making. C1 [Burns, Carol J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Wright, Michael] US EPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Pierson, Jennifer B.] ILSI, HESI, Washington, DC USA. [Bateson, Thomas F.] US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Burstyn, Igor] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Goldstein, Daniel A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Klaunig, James E.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Bloomington, IN USA. [Luben, Thomas J.] US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mihlan, Gary] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ritter, Leonard] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Schnatter, A. Robert] ExxonMobil Biomedical Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. [Symons, J. Morel] EI Pont Nemours & Co, Newark, DC USA. [Yi, Kun Don] Syngenta Crop Protect LLC, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Pierson, JB (reprint author), 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jpierson@hesiglobal.org FU ILSI-HESI FX This work was conducted under the auspices of the ILSI-HESI Subcommittee on Evaluating Causality in Epidemiologic Studies. HESI is a public, nonprofit foundation whose mission is to engage scientists from academia, government, and industry to identify and resolve global health and environmental issues. HESI receives support primarily from its industry sponsors. Participating organizations from the HESI Epidemiology Subcommittee included Bayer CropScience, DLW Consulting Services LLC, The Dow Chemical Company, Drexel University, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Harvard School of Public Health, Indiana University, Monsanto, Procter & Gamble Co., Shell Oil Company, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, University of Aarhus, University of Guelph, University of Leicester, NCEA/U.S. EPA, and Wake Forest University. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1160 EP 1165 DI 10.1289/ehp.1308062 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AT2IZ UT WOS:000344759500016 PM 25079138 ER PT J AU Vinikoor-Imler, LC Owens, EO Nichols, JL Ross, M Brown, JS Sacks, JD AF Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C. Owens, Elizabeth O. Nichols, Jennifer L. Ross, Mary Brown, James S. Sacks, Jason D. TI Evaluating Potential Response-Modifying Factors for Associations between Ozone and Health Outcomes: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; INDUCED AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; INDUCED PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; INDUCED LUNG INFLAMMATION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; MEXICO-CITY; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O-3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O-3-related health effects. Objectives: We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O-3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach. Methods: Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O-3-related health effects. Discussion: We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O-3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O-3-related health effects. Conclusions: Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O-3. C1 [Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C.; Owens, Elizabeth O.; Ross, Mary; Brown, James S.; Sacks, Jason D.] US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nichols, Jennifer L.] US EPA, NCEA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vinikoor-Imler, LC (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vinikoor-imler.lisa@epa.gov FU National Center of Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA FX This project was supported in part by the appointment of J.L.N. to the Research Participation Program at the National Center of Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy NR 141 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1166 EP 1176 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307541 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AT2IZ UT WOS:000344759500017 PM 24927060 ER PT J AU Dionisio, KL Baxter, LK Chang, HH AF Dionisio, Kathie L. Baxter, Lisa K. Chang, Howard H. TI An Empirical Assessment of Exposure Measurement Error and Effect Attenuation in Bipollutant Epidemiologic Models SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; TIME-SERIES; PARTICULATE MATTER; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ATLANTA; HEALTH; POLLUTANTS; OZONE; QUALITY AB BACKGROUND: Using multipollutant models to understand combined health effects of exposure to multiple pollutants is becoming more common. However, complex relationships between pollutants and differing degrees of exposure error across pollutants can make health effect estimates from multipollutant models difficult to interpret. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to quantify relationships between multiple pollutants and their associated exposure errors across metrics of exposure and to use empirical values to evaluate potential attenuation of coefficients in epidemiologic models. METHODS: We used three daily exposure metrics (central-site measurements, air quality model estimates, and population exposure model estimates) for 193 ZIP codes in the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area from 1999 through 2002 for PM2.5 and its components (EC and SO4), as well as O-3, CO, and NOx, to construct three types of exposure error: delta(spatial) (comparing air quality model estimates to central-site measurements), delta(population) (comparing population exposure model estimates to air quality model estimates), and delta(total) (comparing population exposure model estimates to central-site measurements). We compared exposure metrics and exposure errors within and across pollutants and derived attenuation factors (ratio of observed to true coefficient for pollutant of interest) for single- and bipollutant model coefficients. RESULTS: Pollutant concentrations and their exposure errors were moderately to highly correlated (typically, > 0.5), especially for CO, NOx, and EC (i.e., "local" pollutants); correlations differed across exposure metrics and types of exposure error. Spatial variability was evident, with variance of exposure error for local pollutants ranging from 0.25 to 0.83 for delta(spatial) and delta(total). The attenuation of model coefficients in single-and bipollutant epidemiologic models relative to the true value differed across types of exposure error, pollutants, and space. CONCLUSIONS: Under a classical exposure-error framework, attenuation may be substantial for local pollutants as a result of delta(spatial) and delta(total) with true coefficients reduced by a factor typically < 0.6 (results varied for delta(population) and regional pollutants). C1 [Dionisio, Kathie L.; Baxter, Lisa K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Chang, Howard H.] Emory Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dionisio, KL (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Code E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dionisio.kathie@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory [CR-83407301-1]; U.S. EPA Clean Air Research Center grant; Georgia Institute of Technology [R834799]; National Institutes of Health [1R21ES022795-01A1] FX The U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, funded and collaborated in the research described here under cooperative agreement CR-83407301-1 to Emory University, and by a U.S. EPA Clean Air Research Center grant to Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology (R834799). This work was also funded by grant 1R21ES022795-01A1 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1216 EP 1224 DI 10.1289/ehp.1307772 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AT2IZ UT WOS:000344759500023 PM 25003573 ER PT J AU Divi, RL Lindeman, TLE Shockley, ME Keshava, C Weston, A Poirier, MC AF Divi, Rao L. Lindeman, Tracey L. Einem Shockley, Marie E. Keshava, Channa Weston, Ainsley Poirier, Miriam C. TI Correlation between CYP1A1 transcript, protein level, enzyme activity and DNA adduct formation in normal human mammary epithelial cell strains exposed to benzo[a]pyrene SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID FED COAL-TAR; BREAST-CANCER; DIOL-EPOXIDE; P450 REDUCTASE; DT-DIAPHORASE; EROD ACTIVITY; RISK; MICE; CYTOCHROME-P450; BIOMARKERS AB The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is thought to bind covalently to DNA, through metabolism by cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1, and other enzymes, to form r7, t8, t9-trihydroxy-c-10-(N (2) -deoxyguanosyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]-pyrene (BPdG). Evaluation of RNA expression data, to understand the contribution of different metabolic enzymes to BPdG formation, is typically presented as fold-change observed upon BP exposure, leaving the actual number of RNA transcripts unknown. Here, we have quantified RNA copies/ng cDNA (RNA cpn) for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, as well as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which may reduce formation of BPdG adducts, using primary normal human mammary epithelial cell (NHMEC) strains, and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In unexposed NHMECs, basal RNA cpn values were 58-836 for CYP1A1, 336-5587 for CYP1B1 and 5943-40112 for NQO1. In cells exposed to 4.0 A mu M BP for 12h, RNA cpn values were 251-13234 for CYP1A1, 4133-57078 for CYP1B1 and 4456-55887 for NQO1. There were 3.5 (mean, range 0.2-15.8) BPdG adducts/10(8) nucleotides in the NHMECs (n = 16), and 790 in the MCF-7s. In the NHMECs, BP-induced CYP1A1 RNA cpn was highly associated with BPdG (P = 0.002), but CYP1B1 and NQO1 were not. Western blots of four NHMEC strains, chosen for different levels of BPdG adducts, showed a linear correlation between BPdG and CYP1A1, but not CYP1B1 or NQO1. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, which measures CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 together, correlated with BPdG, but NQO1 activity did not. Despite more numerous levels of CYP1B1 and NQO1 RNA cpn in unexposed and BP-exposed NHMECs and MCF-7cells, BPdG formation was only correlated with induction of CYP1A1 RNA cpn. The higher level of BPdG in MCF-7 cells, compared to NHMECs, may have been due to a much increased induction of CYP1A1 and EROD. Overall, BPdG correlation was observed with CYP1A1 protein and CYP1A1/1B1 enzyme activity, but not with CYP1B1 or NQO1 protein, or NQO1 enzyme activity. C1 [Divi, Rao L.; Lindeman, Tracey L. Einem; Shockley, Marie E.; Poirier, Miriam C.] NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Keshava, Channa] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weston, Ainsley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Poirier, MC (reprint author), NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM poirierm@exchange.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 EI 1464-3804 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1093/mutage/geu049 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AT0KI UT WOS:000344624700003 PM 25245543 ER PT J AU Thybaud, V Van Benthem, J Delrue, N Douglas, GR Lorge, E Lovell, DP Moore, MM Schoeny, R Singer, T AF Thybaud, Veronique Van Benthem, Jan Delrue, Nathalie Douglas, George R. Lorge, Elisabeth Lovell, David P. Moore, Martha M. Schoeny, Rita Singer, Tim TI Revision of OECD guidelines for genotoxicity: current status and next steps SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thybaud, Veronique] Sanofi, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [Van Benthem, Jan] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Delrue, Nathalie] OECD, Paris, France. [Douglas, George R.; Singer, Tim] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Lorge, Elisabeth] Servier Grp, Orleans, France. [Lovell, David P.] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Moore, Martha M.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Little Rock, AR USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 EI 1464-3804 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA AT0KI UT WOS:000344624700075 ER PT J AU Smucker, NJ Detenbeck, NE AF Smucker, Nathan J. Detenbeck, Naomi E. TI Meta-Analysis of Lost Ecosystem Attributes in Urban Streams and the Effectiveness of Out-of-Channel Management Practices SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; biodiversity; ecosystem function; fish; macroinvertebrates; restoration; stormwater; watershed condition ID RIVER RESTORATION SUCCESS; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE; RESPONSES; CATCHMENT; FISH; BIODIVERSITY; AUSTRALIA AB Urban development is a leading cause of stream impairment that reduces biodiversity and negatively affects ecosystem processes and habitat. Out-of-stream restoration practices, such as stormwater ponds, created wetlands, and restored riparian vegetation, are increasingly implemented as management strategies to mitigate impacts. However, uncertainty exists regarding how effectively they improve downstream ecosystems because monitoring is uncommon and results are typically reported on a case-by-case basis. We conducted a meta-analysis of literature and used response ratios to quantify how downstream ecosystems change in response to watershed development and to out-of-stream restoration. Biodiversity in unrestored urban streams was 47% less than that in reference streams, and ecological communities, habitat, and rates of nutrient cycling were negatively affected as well. Mean measures of ecosystem attributes in restored streams were significantly greater than, and 156% of, those in unrestored urban streams. Measures of biodiversity in restored streams were 132% of those in unrestored urban streams, and indices of biotic condition, community structure, and nutrient cycling significantly improved. However, ecosystem attributes and biodiversity at restored sites were significantly less than, and only 60% and 45% of, those in reference streams, respectively. Out-of-stream management practices improved ecological conditions in urban streams but still failed to restore reference stream conditions. Despite statistically significant improvements, assessing restoration success remains difficult due to few comparisons to reference sites or to clearly defined targets. These findings can inform future monitoring, management, and development strategies and highlight the need for preventative actions in a watershed context. C1 [Smucker, Nathan J.; Detenbeck, Naomi E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Smucker, NJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM smucker.nathan@epa.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1111/rec.12134 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS8DL UT WOS:000344480300006 ER PT J AU Ranson, M Kousky, C Ruth, M Jantarasami, L Crimmins, A Tarquinio, L AF Ranson, Matthew Kousky, Carolyn Ruth, Matthias Jantarasami, Lesley Crimmins, Allison Tarquinio, Lisa TI Tropical and extratropical cyclone damages under climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID FUTURE CLIMATE; STORM LOSSES; SIMULATIONS; IMPACTS; COSTS; FUND; GCM; US AB This paper provides the first quantitative synthesis of the rapidly growing literature on future tropical and extratropical cyclone damages under climate change. We estimate a probability distribution for the predicted impact of changes in global surface air temperatures on future storm damages, using an ensemble of 478 estimates of the temperature-damage relationship from nineteen studies. Our analysis produces three main empirical results. First, we find strong but not conclusive support for the hypothesis that climate change will cause damages from tropical cyclones and wind storms to increase, with most models predicting higher future storm damages due to climate change. Second, there is substantial variation in projected changes in losses across regions. Potential changes in damages are greatest in the North Atlantic basin, where the multi-model average predicts that a 2.5 A degrees C increase in global surface air temperature would cause hurricane damages to increase by 63 %. The ensemble predictions for Western North Pacific tropical cyclones and European wind storms (extratropical cyclones) are +28 % and +23 %, respectively. Finally, our analysis shows that existing models of storm damages under climate change generate a wide range of predictions, ranging from moderate decreases to very large increases in losses. C1 [Ranson, Matthew; Tarquinio, Lisa] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kousky, Carolyn] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Ruth, Matthias] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantarasami, Lesley; Crimmins, Allison] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ranson, M (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, 55 Wheeler St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM matthew_ranson@abtassoc.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Climate Change Division [EP-BPA-12-H-0024] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Climate Change Division (Contract EP-BPA-12-H-0024). The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of U.S. EPA or Abt Associates. The authors thank Eberhard Faust, James Palardy, Marcus Sarofim, and seminar participants at Abt Associates for helpful suggestions. Any errors are our own responsibility. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2014 VL 127 IS 2 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s10584-014-1255-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS6QG UT WOS:000344387000006 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Jensen, KM AF Ankley, Gerald T. Jensen, Kathleen M. TI A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM THE FISH SHORT-TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY (FSTRA) FOR THE DETECTION OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Fish; Reproduction; Screening; Regulation ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; ANDROGEN 17-ALPHA-METHYLTESTOSTERONE; ANTIANDROGEN FLUTAMIDE; SYNTHETIC PROGESTINS; MECHANISTIC BASIS; RECEPTOR AGONIST; LIFE-CYCLE; INHIBITOR; VITELLOGENIN AB The fish short-term reproduction assay (FSTRA) is a key component of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), which uses a weight-of-evidence analysis based on data from several assays to identify the potential for chemicals to act as agonists or antagonists of the estrogen or androgen receptors (ER and AR), or inhibitors of steroidogenic enzymes. The FSTRA considers a variety of mechanistic and apical responses in 21-d exposures with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), including plasma steroid and vitellogenin (VTG; egg yolk protein) concentrations, secondary sex characteristics, gonad size and histopathology, and egg production. Although the FSTRA initially was described several years ago, recent data generation associated with implementation of the EDSP highlighted the need for more formal guidance regarding evaluation of information from the assay. The authors describe a framework for interpretation of FSTRA data relative to perturbation of endocrine pathways of concern to the EDSP. The framework considers end points individually and as suites of physiologically related responses relative to pathway identification. Sometimes changes in single end points can be highly diagnostic (e.g., induction of VTG in males by ER agonists, production of male secondary sex characteristics in females by AR agonists); in other instances, however, multiple, related end points are needed to reliably assess pathway perturbation (e.g., AR antagonism, steroid synthesis inhibition). In addition to describing an interpretive framework, the authors demonstrate its practical utility using publicly available FSTRA data for a wide range of known and hypothesized endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2529-2540. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.; Jensen, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2529 EP 2540 DI 10.1002/etc.2708 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AS3LB UT WOS:000344178100021 PM 25098918 ER PT J AU Sutula, M Green, L Cicchetti, G Detenbeck, N Fong, P AF Sutula, Martha Green, Lauri Cicchetti, Giancarlo Detenbeck, Naomi Fong, Peggy TI Thresholds of Adverse Effects of Macroalgal Abundance and Sediment Organic Matter on Benthic Habitat Quality in Estuarine Intertidal Flats SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Macroalgae; Eutrophication; Thresholds; Sediment profile imaging; Benthic habitat quality; Percent organic carbon; Percent nitrogen ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; ENTEROMORPHA-INTESTINALIS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; PROFILE CAMERA; TROPHIC STATUS; IN-SITU; MATS; GROWTH; BAY; CONSEQUENCES AB Confidence in the use of macroalgae as an indicator of estuarine eutrophication is limited by the lack of quantitative data on the thresholds of its adverse effects on benthic habitat quality. In the present study, we utilized sediment profile imagery (SPI) to identify thresholds of adverse effects of macroalgal biomass, sediment organic carbon (% OC) and sediment nitrogen (% N) concentrations on the apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD), the depth that marks the boundary between oxic near-surface sediment and the underlying suboxic or anoxic sediment. At 16 sites in eight California estuaries, SPI, macroalgal biomass, sediment percent fines, % OC, and % N were analyzed at 20 locations along an intertidal transect. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was used to identify step thresholds associated with a transition from "reference" or natural background levels of macroalgae, defined as that range in which no effect on aRPD was detected. Ranges of 3-15 g dw macroalgae m(-2), 0.4-0.7 % OC and 0.05-0.07 % N were identified as transition zones from reference conditions across these estuaries. Piecewise regression analysis was used to identify exhaustion thresholds, defined as a region along the stress-response curve where severe adverse effects occur; levels of 175 g dw macroalgae m(-2), 1.1 % OC and 0.1 % N were identified as thresholds associated with a shallowing of aRPD to near zero depths. As an indicator of ecosystem condition, shallow aRPD has been related to reduced volume and quality for benthic infauna and alteration in community structure. These effects have been linked to reduced availability of forage for fish, birds and other invertebrates, as well as to undesirable changes in biogeochemical cycling. C1 [Sutula, Martha] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Green, Lauri; Fong, Peggy] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Ecol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cicchetti, Giancarlo; Detenbeck, Naomi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sutula, M (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM marthas@sccwrp.org RI Fong, Patrick S.W./O-7315-2014 OI Fong, Patrick S.W./0000-0002-2017-5698 FU California State Water Resources Control Board [07-110-250-1] FX Funding for this study was provided through a contract with the California State Water Resources Control Board (07-110-250-1). This study would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of students and staff from UCLA and SCCWRP, in particular, Courtney Neumann, who performed all of the digital imaging analysis of the SPI photographs, and Caitlin Fong, Sarah Bittick and Greg Lyon, who led field work. The authors also wish to express their gratitude to Becky Schaffner for assistance with map preparation. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2014 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1548 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9796-3 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6WY UT WOS:000343722700016 ER PT J AU Moya, J Phillips, L AF Moya, Jacqueline Phillips, Linda TI A review of soil and dust ingestion studies for children SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MOUTH FREQUENCY DATA; SUPERFUND SITE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TRACER ELEMENTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MASS-BALANCE; LEAD; PICA; EXPOSURE; METAANALYSIS AB Soil and dust ingestion by children may be important pathways of exposure to environmental contaminants. Contaminated soil and dust may end up on children's hands and objects, because they play close to the ground. These contaminants can be ingested by children, because they have a tendency to place objects, including their fingers, in their mouths. Assessing exposure through this pathway requires information about the amount of soil and dust ingested by children. Estimates of soil and dust ingestion and information on the prevalence of the behavior have been published in the literature, but research in this area is generally limited. Three methodologies have been used to quantify soil and dust ingestion rates. In this paper, these are referred to as the tracer element method, the biokinetic model comparison method, and the activity pattern method. This paper discusses the information available on the prevalence of soil and dust ingestion behavior, summarizes the three methodologies for quantifying soil and dust ingestion, and discusses their limitations. Soil ingestion data derived from studies that use these methodologies are also summarized. Although they are based on different estimation approaches, the central tendency estimates of soil and dust ingestion derived from the three methodologies are generally comparable. C1 [Moya, Jacqueline; Phillips, Linda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Phillips, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mailcode 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM phillips.linda@epa.gov NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1038/jes.2014.17 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AS0IJ UT WOS:000343960800001 PM 24691008 ER PT J AU Breen, MS Schultz, BD Sohn, MD Long, T Langstaff, J Williams, R Isaacs, K Meng, QY Stallings, C Smith, L AF Breen, Michael S. Schultz, Bradley D. Sohn, Michael D. Long, Thomas Langstaff, John Williams, Ronald Isaacs, Kristin Meng, Qing Yu Stallings, Casson Smith, Luther TI A review of air exchange rate models for air pollution exposure assessments SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Air exchange rate models; air pollution; exposure assessment; leakage; natural ventilation; mechanical ventilation ID PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; INFILTRATION; OUTDOOR; WIND; TEMPERATURE; BUILDINGS; INDOOR; VENTILATION; POLLUTANTS AB A critical aspect of air pollution exposure assessments is estimation of the air exchange rate (AER) for various buildings where people spend their time. The AER, which is the rate of exchange of indoor air with outdoor air, is an important determinant for entry of outdoor air pollutants and for removal of indoor-emitted air pollutants. This paper presents an overview and critical analysis of the scientific literature on empirical and physically based AER models for residential and commercial buildings; the models highlighted here are feasible for exposure assessments as extensive inputs are not required. Models are included for the three types of airflows that can occur across building envelopes: leakage, natural ventilation, and mechanical ventilation. Guidance is provided to select the preferable AER model based on available data, desired temporal resolution, types of airflows, and types of buildings included in the exposure assessment. For exposure assessments with some limited building leakage or AER measurements, strategies are described to reduce AER model uncertainty. This review will facilitate the selection of AER models in support of air pollution exposure assessments. C1 [Breen, Michael S.; Schultz, Bradley D.; Williams, Ronald; Isaacs, Kristin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sohn, Michael D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Energy Anal & Environm Impacts, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Thomas] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessments, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Langstaff, John] US EPA, Off Air Qual & Planning Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Meng, Qing Yu] UMDNJ Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Stallings, Casson; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Breen, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Exposure Modeling Res Branch,Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM breen.michael@epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Jennifer Richmond-Bryant and Vito Ilacqua for review comments and helpful suggestions. Although the manuscript was reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Michael Sohn performed this work under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1038/jes.2013.30 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AS0IJ UT WOS:000343960800002 PM 23715084 ER PT J AU Xue, J Liu, SV Zartarian, VG Geller, AM Schultz, BD AF Xue, Jianping Liu, Shi V. Zartarian, Valerie G. Geller, Andrew M. Schultz, Bradley D. TI Analysis of NHANES measured blood PCBs in the general US population and application of SHEDS model to identify key exposure factors SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCBs; NHANES; SHEDS; dietary exposure; exposure modeling; biomonitoring ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL LEVELS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GREAT-LAKES; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; NONDIABETIC ADULTS; FISH CONSUMPTION; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; MICHIGAN AB Studies have shown that the US population continues to be exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), despite their ban more than three decades ago, but the reasons are not fully understood. The objectives of this paper are to characterize patterns of PCBs in blood by age, gender, and ethnicity, and identify major exposure factors. EPA's Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS)-dietary exposure model was applied, combining fish tissue PCB levels from a NYC Asian Market survey with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary consumption data, and then linked with blood biomarkers for the same NHANES study subjects. Results reveal that the mean concentration of total PCBs in blood was higher with increasing age; however, for the same age, gender, and ethnicity, the blood PCB concentrations measured in the later NHANES survey were significantly lower than those in the earlier one. The decrease within an age group between the two survey periods lessened with increasing age. Blood PCBs among different ethnicities ranked differently between the older and the younger age groups within each survey. Non-Hispanic Blacks had significantly higher blood PCBs for the >30 year age group. For the 12 to <= 30 year age group, the "Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American or multiracial" group had the highest values, with patterns fairly consistent with fish consumption and modeled PCB exposure patterns. We conclude that for younger people, patterns correspond to reduced environmental contamination over time, and are strongly associated with fish consumption and dietary exposures. Higher PCB concentrations in blood of the older population may partially reflect past exposures to higher environmental PCB concentrations, particularly before the ban. C1 [Xue, Jianping; Liu, Shi V.; Zartarian, Valerie G.; Geller, Andrew M.; Schultz, Bradley D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xue, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, NC, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Xue.jianping@epa.gov; Liu.Shi@epa.gov NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1038/jes.2013.91 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AS0IJ UT WOS:000343960800010 PM 24424407 ER PT J AU Varughese, EA Bennett-Stamper, CL Wymer, LJ Yadav, JS AF Varughese, Eunice A. Bennett-Stamper, Christina L. Wymer, Larry J. Yadav,