FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Hoover, RB AF Hoover, Richard B. BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI Microfossils of cyanobacteria in carbonaceous meteorites SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology X CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microfossils; carbonaceous meteorites; Orgueil; Murchison; Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy; biomarkers; biogenic elements; elemental ratios; cyanobacteria; extremophiles ID MURCHISON METEORITE; ORGUEIL METEORITE; AMINO-ACIDS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PARENT BODY; CHONDRITES; PORPHYRINS AB During the past decade, Environmental and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes have been used at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center to investigate freshly fractured interior surfaces of a large number of different types of meteorites. Large, complex, microfossils with clearly recognizable biological affinities have been found embedded in several carbonaceous meteorites. Similar forms were notably absent in all stony and nickel-iron meteorites investigated. The forms encountered are consistent in size and morphology with morphotypes of known genera of Cyanobacteria and microorganisms that are typically encountered in associated benthic prokaryotic mats. Even though many coccoidal and isodiametric filamentous cyanobacteria have a strong morphological convergence with some other spherical and filamentous bacteria and algae, many genera of heteropolar cyanobacteria have distinctive apical and basal regions and cellular differentiation that makes it possible to unambiguously recognize the forms based entirely upon cellular dimensions, filament size and distinctive morphological characteristics. For almost two centuries, these morphological characteristics have historically provided the basis for the systematics and taxonomy of cyanobacteria. This paper presents ESEM and FESEM images of embedded filaments and thick mats found in-situ in the Murchison CM2 and Orgueil CI1 carbonaceous meteorites. Comparative images are also provided for known genera and species of cyanobacteria and other microbial extremophiles. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) indicates that the meteorite filaments typically exhibit dramatic chemical differentiation with distinctive difference between the possible microfossil and the meteorite matrix in the immediate proximity. Chemical differentiation is also observed within these microstructures with many of the permineralized filaments enveloped within electron transparent carbonaceous sheaths. Elemental distributions of these embedded filaments are not consistent with recent cyanobacteria or other living or preserved microbial extremophiles that have been investigated during this research. The meteorite filaments often have a nitrogen content below the sensitivity level of the EDS detector. Carbon, Sulfur, Iron or Silicon is often highly enriched and hence anomalous C/N and C/S ratios when compared with modem cyanobacteria. The meteorite forms that are unambiguously recognizable as biological filaments are interpreted as indigenous microfossils analogous to several known genera of modem cyanobacteria and associated trichomic filamentous prokaryotes. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Astrobiol Lab, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Hoover, RB (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Astrobiol Lab, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM Richard.Hoover@NASA.GOV NR 76 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6842-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6694 AR 669408 DI 10.1117/12.742284 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BGZ35 UT WOS:000251489700006 ER PT S AU Schulze-Makuch, D Houtkooper, JM Knoblauch, M Furfaro, R Fink, W Fairen, AG Vali, H Head, JN Lim, DSS Dohm, J Irwin, LN Daly, M Andersen, D AF Schulze-Makuch, Dirk Houtkooper, Joop M. Knoblauch, Michael Furfaro, Roberto Fink, Wolfgang Fairen, Alberto G. Vali, Hojatollah Head, James N. Lim, Darlene S. S. Dohm, James Irwin, Louis N. Daly, Mike Andersen, Dale BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI The Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD) Mission: An outline for a new mission to Mars SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology X CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE BOLD; mission; Viking; life detection; oxidant; Mars; microbial life; Phoenix; Mars Science Laboratory; ESA Mars Express; ESA ExoMars; water ID LEUCO CRYSTAL VIOLET; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MARTIAN SOIL; SPACE APPLICATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; LIMITATIONS; REACTIVITY; NASA/JPL; METHANE AB The Viking mission was the only mission to date that conducted life detection experiments. It revealed ambiguous and still controversial results. New findings and hypotheses urge a re-evaluation of the Viking results and a re-evaluation of the evidence for the possible presence of life on Mars in general. Recent findings of abundant water ice on Mars, the presence of liquid contemporary water on the Martian surface, and the detection of methane in the Martian atmosphere further support this possibility. Current missions to be launched focus on habitability considerations (e.g., NASA Phoenix, NASA Mars Science Laboratory), but shy away from directly testing for life on Mars, with the potential exception of the ESA ExoMars mission. If these currently planned missions collect positive evidence toward habitability and the possible existence of extraterrestrial (microbial) life on Mars, it would be timely to propose a new mission to Mars with a strong life detection component. We propose such a mission called BOLD: Biological Oxidant and Life Detection Mission. The BOLD mission objective would be to quantify the amount of hydrogen peroxide existing in the Martian soil and to test for processes typically associated with life. Six landing packages are projected to land on Mars that include a limited power supply, a set of oxidant and life detection experiments, and a transmitter, which is able to transmit information via an existing Mars orbiter back to Earth. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Houtkooper, Joop M.] Univ Giessen, Ctr Psychobiol & Behav Maed, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Knoblauch, Michael] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Furfaro, Roberto] Univ Arizona, Aerospace & Mech Engn Dept, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fink, Wolfgang] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Visual Autonomous Explorat Syst Res Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.] NASA Ames, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames, IA USA. [Vali, Hojatollah] McGill Univ, Facil Elect Microscopy Res, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Head, James N.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dohm, James] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Irwin, Louis N.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Daly, Mike] MDA, Brampton, ON, Canada. [Andersen, Dale] Carl Sagan Ctr Study Life Universe, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Schulze-Makuch, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dirksm@wsu.edu RI Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943; Daly, Michael/0000-0002-3733-2530; Knoblauch, Michael/0000-0003-0391-9891; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6842-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6694 AR 66940O DI 10.1117/12.732155 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BGZ35 UT WOS:000251489700019 ER PT S AU Sekanina, Z AF Sekanina, Zdenek BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI Dust jets, outbursts, and fragmentation of comets SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology X CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE comets; nucleus; dust; jet; coma morphology; outburst; fragmentation ID BRIGHT SUNGRAZING COMETS; DEEP IMPACT OBSERVATIONS; HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE; ORBITAL EVOLUTION; RELATIVE MOTIONS; COMA MORPHOLOGY; KREUTZ SYSTEM; SPLIT COMETS; P/WILD 2; NUCLEUS AB I review three types of related cometary phenomena, which, in the order listed, are increasingly important in studies of cometary evolution: dust jet-like morphological features in comet heads; outbursts; and nucleus fragmentation. Gas-driven collimated jets consisting predominantly of microscopic dust particles are a standard mode of comet activity, as has amply been documented by numerous ground-based observations and even more convincingly by closeup images taken with the cameras aboard the space missions that flew by four periodic comets between 1986 and 2005. Gas expanding from discrete emission sources on or below the nucleus surface drags dust with it into the atmosphere in quantities that vary with time. Briefly occurring sudden great enhancements of activity are known as outbursts. Dust ejecta in most outbursts do not include larger objects than boulder-sized ones, thus limiting the total mass delivered in such episodes. At times, however, outbursts accompany a nucleus fragmentation event, which signals a major episode. Fragmentation events have a tendency to recur. their products offering a complex hierarchy of large fragments. A rapid sequence of fragmentation events may end up with a sudden, complete disintegration of a significant fraction of the original comet or, more rarely, the entire comet. Indications are that cascading fragmentation is the most efficient process of comet aging and ultimate demise. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sekanina, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Zdenek.Sekanina@jpl.nasa.gov NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6842-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6694 AR 66940I DI 10.1117/12.732612 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BGZ35 UT WOS:000251489700014 ER PT S AU Sheldon, RB Hoover, RB AF Sheldon, Robert B. Hoover, Richard B. BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY Davies, PCW TI The cometary biosphere SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology X CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE comet; biosphere; cyanobacteria; astrobiology; panspermia ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; MICROFOSSILS; METEORITES; ICE; ORGUEIL; ORIGIN; BODIES; IMPACT; WATER; LIFE AB Recent observations of cyanobacterial fossils on carbonaceous chondrites have conclusively established the presence of fossil organisms on extraterrestrial bodies widely presumed to be comets. Likewise, the data from four cometary flyby (and one impact) missions and the exploration of a peculiar S-type asteroid, show evidence of liquid water in the past or present. In addition. sand grains returned from the tail of comet P/Wild-2 demonstrate that comets accrete inner Solar System material. So it is a short step to propose the separate and independent existence of a cometary biosphere, the ecosystem of organisms that exploit the niche of an extraterrestrial environment. This paper attempts to lay the framework for such a hypothetical ecosystem, and establish criteria for its continued existence and spread. C1 USRA, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL USA. [Hoover, Richard B.] NASA, MSFC, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Sheldon, RB (reprint author), USRA, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL USA. EM Rob.Sheldon@msfc.nasa.gov; Richard.Hoover@nasa.gov; Richard.Hoover@nasa.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6842-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6694 AR 66940H DI 10.1117/12.729094 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BGZ35 UT WOS:000251489700013 ER PT J AU MacLeod, TC Phillips, TA Ho, FD AF MacLeod, Todd C. Phillips, Thomas A. Ho, Fat D. TI Performance measurement of a multi-level/analog ferroelectric memory device design SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAY 08-AUG 12, 2007 CL Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms, Bordeaux, FRANCE SP Inst Condensed Matter Chem Bordeaux HO Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms DE memory; transistor; analog; multi-level AB Increasing the memory density and utilizing the unique characteristics of ferroelectric devices is important in making ferroelectric memory devices more desirable to the consumer. This paper describes the characterization of a design that allows multiple levels to be stored in a ferroelectric based memory cell. It can be used to store multiple bits or analog values in a high speed nonvolatile memory. The design utilizes the hysteresis characteristic of ferroelectric transistors to store an analog value in the memory cell. The design also compensates for the decay of the polarization of the ferroelectric material over time. This is done by utilizing a pair of ferroelectric transistors to store the data. One transistor is used a reference to determine the amount of decay that has occurred since the pair was programmed. The second transistor stores the analog value as a polarization value between zero and saturated. The design allows digital data to be stored as multiple bits in each memory cell. The number of bits per cell that can be stored will vary with the decay rate of the ferroelectric transistors and the repeatability of polarization between transistors. This paper presents measurements of an actual prototype memory cell. This prototype is not a complete implementation of a device, but instead, a prototype of the storage and retrieval portion of an actual device. The performance of this prototype is presented with the projected performance of the overall device. This memory design will be useful because it allows higher memory density, compensates for the environmental and ferroelectric aging processes, allows analog values to be directly stored in memory, compensates for the thermal and radiation environments associated with space operations, and relies only on existing technologies. C1 [MacLeod, Todd C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP MacLeod, TC (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM Todd.C.Macleod@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2007 VL 93 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1080/10584580701755682 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 246YB UT WOS:000252043200005 ER PT J AU MacLeod, TC Phillips, TA Ho, FD AF MacLeod, Todd C. Phillips, Thomas A. Ho, Fat D. TI Design of a multi-level/analog ferroelectric memory device SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY APR 23-27, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE memory; transistor; analog; multi-level AB Increasing the memory density and utilizing the novel characteristics of ferroelectric devices is important in making ferroelectric memory devices more desirable to the consumer. This paper describes a design that allows multiple levels to be stored in a ferroelectric based memory cell. It can be used to store multiple bits or analog values in a high speed nonvolatile memory. The design utilizes the hysteresis characteristic of ferroelectric transistors to store an analog value in the memory cell. The design also compensates for the decay of the polarization of the ferroelectric material over time. This is done by utilizing a pair of ferroelectric transistors to store the data. One transistor is used a reference to determine the amount of decay that has occurred since the pair was programmed. The second transistor stores the analog value as a polarization value between zero and saturated. The design allows digital data to be stored as multiple bits in each memory cell. The number of bits per cell that can be stored will vary with the decay rate of the ferroelectric transistors and the repeatability of polarization between transistors. It is predicted that each memory cell may be able to store 8 bits or more. The design is based on data taken from actual ferroelectric transistors. Although the circuit has not been fabricated, a prototype circuit is now under construction. The design of this circuit is different than multi-level FLASH or silicon transistor circuits. The differences between these types of circuits are described in this paper. This memory design will be useful because it allows higher memory density, compensates for the environmental and ferroelectric aging processes, allows analog values to be directly stored in memory, compensates for the thermal and radiation environments associated with space operations, and relies only on existing technologies. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Elect Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP MacLeod, TC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM todd.macleod@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2007 VL 89 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1080/10584580601077435 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 165JY UT WOS:000246303000003 ER PT J AU Phillips, TA Macleod, TC Ho, FD AF Phillips, Thomas A. Macleod, Todd C. Ho, Fat D. TI Metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field-effect transistor NAND gate switching time analysis SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY APR 23-27, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE MFSFET; FFET; ferroelectric transistor; logic gate; NAND gate AB Previous research investigated the modeling of a NAND gate constructed of n-channel Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MFSFETs) to obtain voltage transfer curves. This paper investigates the MFSFET NAND gate switching time propagation delay, which is one of the other important parameters required to characterize the performance of a logic gate. Initially, the switching time of an inverter circuit was analyzed. The low-to-high and high-to-low propagation time delays were calculated. The MFSFETs were simulated by using a previously developed model which utilized a partitioned ferroelectric layer. Then the switching time of a 2-input NAND gate was analyzed similarly to the inverter gate. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Phillips, TA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Thomas.A.Phillips@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2007 VL 89 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1080/10584580601077765 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 165JY UT WOS:000246303000022 ER PT J AU Bowman, CDD Lievense, SH Tunstel, E Chalfant, E Norris, JS AF Bowman, Catherine D. D. Lievense, Stephenie H. Tunstel, Edward Chalfant, Eugene Norris, Jeffrey S. TI NASA robotics education: Inspiring the next generation of explorers SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE NASA; robotics education; software; outreach; robotics workforce AB This article highlights robotics related outreach activities at NASA that are relevant to secondary education, as well as educational robotics initiatives involving NASA and universities. Air overview is provided of the work of both the NASA Robotics Alliance Project and Mars Public Engagement, which foster science, mathematics, engineering, and technology education through experiences with robots. Efforts toward sharing robotics software with universities are also discussed, including results of a study highlighting university needs and preferences regarding robotics hardware and software for education and research. The overview provides a glimpse of NASA's efforts towards providing students with multiple entry-points into robotics, working to develop a skilled robotics workforce of the future. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bowman, CDD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM cbowman@mail.arc.nasa.gov; tunstel@robotics.jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI SAN ANTONIO PA 18015 BOLLIS HILL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78258 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 148DJ UT WOS:000245054400007 ER PT S AU Kaneshige, J Krishnakumar, K AF Kaneshige, John Krishnakumar, Kalmanje BE Priddy, KL Ertin, E TI Artificial immune system approach for air combat maneuvering - art. no. 656009 SO Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Computing - Theory and Applications V CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE evolutionary; genetic; artificial; immune; tactical; maneuvering; unmanned; aircraft; UAV; ACM AB Since future air combat missions will involve both manned and unmanned aircraft, the primary motivation for this research is to enable unmanned aircraft with intelligent maneuvering capabilities. During air combat maneuvering, pilots use their knowledge and experience of maneuvering strategies and tactics to determine the best course of action. As a result, we try to capture these aspects using an artificial immune system approach. The biological immune system protects the body against intruders by recognizing and destroying harmful cells or molecules. It can be thought of as a robust adaptive system that is capable of dealing with an enormous variety of disturbances and uncertainties. However, another critical aspect of the immune system is that it can remember how previous encounters were successfully defeated. As a result, it can respond faster to similar encounters in the future. This paper describes how an artificial immune system is used to select and construct air combat maneuvers. These maneuvers are composed of autopilot mode and target commands, which represent the low-level building blocks of the parameterized system. The resulting command sequences are sent to a tactical autopilot system, which has been enhanced with additional modes and an aggressiveness factor for enabling high performance maneuvers. Just as vaccinations train the biological immune system how to combat intruders, training sets are used to teach the maneuvering system how to respond to different enemy aircraft situations. Simulation results are presented, which demonstrate the potential of using immunized maneuver selection for the purposes of air combat maneuvering. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kaneshige, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6682-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6560 BP 56009 EP 56009 AR 656009 DI 10.1117/12.718892 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL73 UT WOS:000248227000007 ER PT S AU Schenker, PS AF Schenker, Paul S. BE Casasent, DP Hall, EL Roning, J TI Emerging directions in lunar and planetary robotics - art. no. 676404 SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XXV: ALGORITHMS, TECHNIQUES, AND ACTIVE VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXV - Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision CY SEP 09-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE space robotics; mobile robots; robotic operations; telerobotics; lunar exploration; Mars exploration AB We overview National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) objectives for future robotic exploration of lunar, planetary and small bodies of the Solar System, and present several examples of supporting robotics R&D. The scope of development spans autonomous surface exploration typified by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) and sequel Mars surface missions. autonomous aerial and subsurface robotic exploration of the outer planet moons, and recently initiated efforts under the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) toward a sustained human-robotic presence at Earth moon. C1 [Schenker, Paul S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Schenker, PS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6924-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6764 BP 76404 EP 76404 DI 10.1117/12.747602 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY16 UT WOS:000251243300003 ER PT S AU Chen, B Li, J Delzeit, L Pei, QB AF Chen, Bin Li, Jun Delzeit, Lance Pei, Qibing BE Du, S Leng, J Asundi, AK TI Highly conjugated polypyrrole on multiwalled carbon nanotube templates analyzed by Raman spectroscopy - art. no. 642312 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering CY JUL 01-04, 2007 CL Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Harbin Inst Technol DE polypyrrole; Raman spectroscopy; composites; multiwall carbon nanotube; dipolaron ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; PI-DIMERS; COMPOSITES; GRAPHITE; GROWTH; ARRAYS; MICROSCOPY; BIPOLARONS; SCATTERING; BIOSENSORS AB We report studies of the electropolymerized polypyrrole (PPy) films around vertically aligned bamboo-like multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) arrays. Raman spectroscopy has revealed large percentage dipolarons resulting from highly conjugated PPy. The expected high conductivity of PPy-MWNT composite has also demonstrated by electrochemical studies. The SEM and TEM microscopy observations of the high mechanical strength, dense packing and strong adhesion exhibited in this composite are results of the pi-stacking between the PPy backbone and the aromatic MWNT sidewalls. C1 [Chen, Bin; Li, Jun; Delzeit, Lance] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Pei, Qibing/N-7497-2015 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6536-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6423 BP 42312 EP 42312 DI 10.1117/12.779389 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHL96 UT WOS:000254186300037 ER PT J AU Singh, M Shpargel, TP Asthana, R AF Singh, M. Shpargel, T. P. Asthana, R. TI Brazing of stainless steel to yttria-stabilized zirconia using gold-based brazes for solid oxide fuel cell applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN ALUMINUM; WETTABILITY; SYSTEMS; TECHNOLOGY; STATIONARY; METALS; MOBILE; SOFC AB Two gold-base active metal brazes (gold-ABA and gold-ABA-V) were evaluated for oxidation resistance to 850 degrees C, and used to join yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to a corrosion-resistant ferritic stainless steel for possible use in solid oxide fuel cells. Thermogravimetric analysis and optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to evaluate the braze oxidation behavior, and microstructure and composition of the YSZ/braze/steel joints. Both gold-ABA and gold-ABA-V exhibited nearly linear oxidation kinetics at 850 degrees C, with gold-ABA-V showing faster oxidation than gold-ABA. Both brazes produced metallurgically sound YSZ/steel joints due to chemical interactions of Ti and V with the YSZ and steel substrates. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, ASRC Aeorsp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Engn & Technol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM msingh@grc.nasa.gov NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2007.02126.x PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 154LD UT WOS:000245507600004 ER PT J AU Liu, JP Zhang, ZH Inoue, J Horton, RM AF Liu, Jiping Zhang, Zhanhai Inoue, Jun Horton, Radley M. TI Evaluation of snow/ice albedo parameterizations and their impacts on sea ice simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE snow/ice albedo parameterizations; SHEBA; sea ice model ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE ALBEDO; BUDGET; COVER AB Climate models use a variety of snow/ice albedo parameterizations for the ice covered ocean. In this study, we applied in situ measurements (surface temperature, snow depth and ice thickness) obtained from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) as input values to four different snow/ice albedo parameterizations (representing the spectrum of parameterizations used in stand-alone sea ice models, numerical weather prediction and regional climate models of the Arctic Basin, and coupled global climate models), and evaluated the parameterized albedos against the SHEBA observed albedo. Results show that these parameterizations give very different representations of surface albedo. The impacts of systematic biases in the input values on the parameterized albedos were also assessed. To further understand how sea ice processes are influenced by differences in the albedo parameterizations, we examined baseline sea ice characteristics and responses of sea ice to an external perturbation for the simulations of the albedo parameterizations using a stand-alone basin-scale dynamic/thermodynamic sea ice model. Results show that an albedo treatment of sufficient complexity can produce more realistic basin-scale ice distributions, and likely more realistic ice responses as climate warms. Copyright (c) 2006 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Polar Res Inst China, Key Lab Polar Sci, Shanghai 200129, Peoples R China. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Observ Res Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Liu, JP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jliu@eas.gatech.edu RI LIU, JIPING/N-6696-2016 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1002/joc.1373 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135YV UT WOS:000244190700005 ER PT J AU Ierotheou, CS Jin, H Matthews, G Johnson, SP Hood, R Leggett, PF AF Ierotheou, C. S. Jin, H. Matthews, G. Johnson, S. P. Hood, R. Leggett, P. F. TI Using an interactive software environment for the parallelization of real-world scientific applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science/International Conference on Parallel Algorithms and Computing Evironments CY AUG 25-27, 2005 CL Univ Greenwich, Maritime Greenwich Campus, Greenwich, ENGLAND HO Univ Greenwich, Maritime Greenwich Campus DE iterative parallelization; software tools and environment; OpenMP; message passing; compiler directives ID CODES AB The parallelization of real-world compute intensive Fortran application codes is generally not a trivial task. If the time to complete the parallelization is to be significantly reduced then an environment is needed that will assist the programmer in the various tasks of code parallelization. In this paper the authors present a code parallelization environment where a number of tools that address the main tasks such as code parallelization, debugging and optimization are available. The ParaWise and CAPO parallelization tools are discussed which enable the near automatic parallelization of real-world scientific application codes for shared and distributed memory-based parallel systems. As user involvement in the parallelization process can introduce errors, a relative debugging tool (P2d2) is also available and can be used to perform nearly automatic relative debugging of a program that has been parallelized using the tools. A high quality interprocedural dependence analysis as well as usertool interaction are also highlighted and are vital to the generation of efficient parallel code and in the optimization of the backtracking and speculation process used in relative debugging. Results of benchmark and real-world application codes parallelized are presented and show the benefits of using the environment. C1 Univ Greenwich, Parallel Proc Res Grp, London SE10 9LS, England. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ierotheou, CS (reprint author), Univ Greenwich, Parallel Proc Res Grp, London SE10 9LS, England. EM c.ierotheou@gre.ac.uk NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7160 J9 INT J COMPUT MATH JI Int. J. Comput. Math. PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1080/00207160601169942 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 171QH UT WOS:000246750000003 ER PT J AU Patnaik, SN Pai, SS Hopkins, DA AF Patnaik, Surya N. Pai, Shantaram S. Hopkins, Dale A. TI Precision of sensitivity in the design optimization of indeterminate structures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Approximate sensitivity; design; optimization; singularity; implicit relationship; indeterminate structure AB Design sensitivity is central to most optimization methods. The analytical sensitivity expression for an indeterminate structural design optimization problem can be factored into a simple determinate term and a complicated indeterminate component. Sensitivity can be approximated by retaining only the determinate term and setting the indeterminate factor to zero. The optimum solution is reached with the approximate sensitivity. The central processing unit (CPU) time to solution is substantially reduced. The benefit that accrues from using the approximate sensitivity is quantified by solving a set of problems in a controlled environment. Each problem is solved twice: first using the closed-form sensitivity expression, then using the approximation. The problem solutions use the CometBoards testbed as the optimization tool with the integrated force method as the analyzer. The modification that may be required, to use the stiffener method as the analysis tool in optimization, is discussed. The design optimization problem of an indeterminate structure contains many dependent constraints because of the implicit relationship between stresses, as well as the relationship between the stresses and displacements. The design optimization process can become problematic because the implicit relationship reduces the rank of the sensitivity matrix. The proposed approximation restores the full rank and enhances the robustness of the design optimization method. C1 [Patnaik, Surya N.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. [Pai, Shantaram S.; Hopkins, Dale A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Patnaik, SN (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. EM surya.n.patnaik@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1992-1950 J9 INT J PHYS SCI JI Int. J. Phys. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 18 EP 32 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367WB UT WOS:000260582200003 ER PT J AU Lissenden, CJ Doraiswamy, D Arnold, SM AF Lissenden, Cliff J. Doraiswamy, Devaraj Arnold, Steven M. TI Experimental investigation of cyclic and time-dependent deformation of titanium alloy at elevated temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE stress relaxation; cyclic loading; elastic-viscoplastic material; mechanical testing; strain ratcheting ID KINEMATIC HARDENING RULES; CREEP-FATIGUE INTERACTION; MULTIAXIAL RATCHETING SIMULATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; VISCOPLASTIC MATERIAL; PLASTICITY; STRAIN; MODEL AB A novel cyclic deformation test program was undertaken to characterize macroscopic time dependent deformation of a titanium alloy for use in viscoplastic model development. All tests were conducted at a high homologous temperature, 650 degrees C, where there are large time dependent and loading rate dependent effects. Uninterrupted constant amplitude tests having zero mean stress or a tensile mean stress were conducted using three different control modes: strain amplitude and strain rate, stress amplitude and stress rate, and a hybrid stress amplitude and strain rate. Strain ratcheting occurred for all cyclic tests having a tensile mean stress and no plastic shakedown was observed. The shape of the strain ratcheting curve as a function of time is analogous to a creep curve having primary, steady state and tertiary regions, but the magnitude of the ratchet strains are higher than creep strains would be for a constant stress equal to the mean stress. Strain cycles interrupted with up to eight 2-h stress relaxation periods around the hysteresis loop, including hold times in each quadrant of the stress-strain diagram, were also conducted. Stress relaxation was path-dependent and in some cases the stress relaxed to zero. The cyclic behavior of these interrupted tests was similar even though each cycle was very complex. These results support constitutive model development by providing exploratory, characterization and validation data. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Jamestown Engine Plant, Cummins Engines Inc, Lakewood, NY 14750 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Life Predict Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lissenden, CJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lissenden@psu.edu NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.01.006 PG 24 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 095KP UT WOS:000241306900001 ER PT J AU Nagai, S Ichii, K Morimoto, H AF Nagai, S. Ichii, K. Morimoto, H. TI Interannual variations in vegetation activities and climate variability caused by ENSO in tropical rainforests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAND; NDVI; PRECIPITATION; INDEX; PRODUCTIVITY; RESOLUTION; DROUGHT; TRENDS; FLUXES AB Interannual variations in terrestrial carbon cycle over tropical rainforests affect the global carbon cycle. Terrestrial ecosystem models show the interannual relationship between climate changes due to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and net primary production over tropical rainforests. However, we need an independent analysis using satellite-based vegetation index and climate parameters. In the present study, we extracted the ENSO-related interannual variations from time-series in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climate data from 1981 to 2000, and analysed their relevance. We detected relationships among NDVI, ENSO, and climate parameters from long-term data with negative NDVI-ENSO, NDVI-temperature, and positive NDVI-precipitation relations. These correlations suggest that interannual variability in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests could be extracted from NDVI time-series despite noise components in NDVI data, and that interannual changes in precipitation and temperature caused by ENSO play a more important role in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests than in incoming surface solar radiation. C1 Nagoya Univ, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nagai, S (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM s010116d@mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Ichii, Kazuhito/D-2392-2010; Nagai, Shin/G-9902-2011 OI Ichii, Kazuhito/0000-0002-8696-8084; NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1297 DI 10.1080/01431160600904975 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 148LT UT WOS:000245076800013 ER PT J AU Su, L Chopping, MJ Rango, A Martonchik, JV Peters, DPC AF Su, L. Chopping, M. J. Rango, A. Martonchik, J. V. Peters, D. P. C. TI Differentiation of semi-arid vegetation types based on multi-angular observations from MISR and MODIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE AB Mapping accurately vegetation type is one of the main challenges for monitoring arid and semi-arid grasslands with remote sensing. The multi-angle approach has been demonstrated to be useful for mapping vegetation types in deserts. The current paper presents a study on the use of directional reflectance derived from two sensor systems, using two different models to analyse the data and two different classifiers as a means of mapping vegetation types. The multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) provide multi-spectral and angular, off-nadir observations. In this study, we demonstrate that reflectance from MISR observations and reflectance anisotropy patterns derived from MODIS observations are capable of working together to increase classification accuracy. The patterns are described by parameters of the modified Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete and the RossThin-LiSparseMODIS bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models. The anisotropy patterns derived from MODIS observations are highly complementary to reflectance derived from radiances observed by MISR. Support vector machine algorithms exploit the information carried by the same data sets more effectively than the maximum likelihood classifier. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USDA, ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Su, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM sul@mail.montclair.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1419 EP 1424 DI 10.1080/01431160601085995 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 171FV UT WOS:000246721600006 ER PT J AU Muller, JP Denis, MA Dundas, RD Mitchell, KL Naud, C Mannstein, H AF Muller, J.-P. Denis, M.-A. Dundas, R. D. Mitchell, K. L. Naud, C. Mannstein, H. TI Stereo cloud-top heights and cloud fraction retrieval from ATSR-2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER; AVHRR-DATA; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; ISCCP; MODIS; BAND AB An operational processing system is described for the automated retrieval of cloud-top heights (CTHs) and amounts from the Gridded Brightness Temperature (GBT) 1 km product derived from the dual view of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-2) instrument onboard the ESA ERS-2 satellite. A new stereo matching algorithm, called M4 is described together with the overall processing chain for retrieving cloud-top heights and amounts. M4 is based on the successful stereo matchers, M2 and M3 which have been in operation with the NASA MISR sensor since March 2000 and which have also been applied to mapping cloud fraction in the polar region using ATSR-2 (Cawkwell and Bamber 2002, Cawkwell et al. 2001). Results in companion papers (Naud et al., Denis et al. 2007) describe the accuracy achieved using this algorithm and detailed scene-by-scene results are available from http://cloudmap.org under results->UCL->ATSR-2 Validation. We assess the impact of cloud-top winds on the accuracy of the retrieved cloud-top heights and conclude that for most middle and lower tropospheric clouds, cloud-top winds will have little, if any, noticeable impact. We show how ATSR-2 cloud-top heights at the different wavelengths (particularly visible compared with thermal IR) can sometimes yield information on multi-layer clouds which is unique to ATSR-2. The processing system has recently been applied to three years of ASTR-2 GBT data and results are shown. These results are available from the British Atmospheric Data Centre (http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/data/list_all_datasets.html?source=data). C1 UCL, Dept Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. Grp OnX, Div Technol, F-92816 Puteaux La Defense, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. RP Muller, JP (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM jpm@mssl.ucl.ac.uk OI Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1921 EP 1938 DI 10.1080/01431160601030975 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 173WN UT WOS:000246903300003 ER PT J AU Naud, C Mitchell, KL Muller, JP Clothiaux, EE Albert, P Preusker, R Fischer, J Hogan, RJ AF Naud, C. Mitchell, K. L. Muller, J.-P. Clothiaux, E. E. Albert, P. Preusker, R. Fischer, J. Hogan, R. J. TI Comparison between ATSR-2 stereo, MOS O(2)-A band and ground-based cloud top heights SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN A-BAND; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; RETRIEVAL; RADAR; COMBINATION; RADIANCES; FRACTION AB A new method to retrieve cloud top heights stereoscopically using the dual-view facility of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2) instrument is assessed. This assessment is performed through a comparison of the cloud top heights obtained from ATSR-2 stereo and those derived from a 94-GHz radar, radiosonde profiles and independently from the Modular Optoelectronic Scanner (MOS) using the O(2)-A band. The data for this study were collected over the United Kingdom from September 1998-March 1999. The results show that the accuracy of the ATSR-2 stereo heights is generally as predicted on theoretical grounds, with the errors in the 1.6 mu m and 0.65 mu m stereo heights rarely exceeding 2 km. Case study periods with disagreements between the ATSR-2 heights and the ground-based retrievals are often due to the lack of precise match-ups between the ground-based and satellite scenes, while the MOS O2-A band is shown sometimes to miss the tops of high clouds. Evidence that the 11 mu m channel is more sensitive to high clouds than originally thought is given and a future application of multi-spectral stereo cloud top heights is proposed. C1 UCL, Dept Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Weltraum Wissensch, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. RP Naud, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway,Room 678, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM cnaud@giss.nasa.gov RI Hogan, Robin/M-6549-2016; OI Hogan, Robin/0000-0002-3180-5157; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1969 EP 1987 DI 10.1080/01431160600641806 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 173WN UT WOS:000246903300006 ER PT J AU Neigh, CSR Tucker, CJ Townshend, JRG AF Neigh, C. S. R. Tucker, C. J. Townshend, J. R. G. TI Synchronous NDVI and surface air temperature trends in Newfoundland: 1982 to 2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; VEGETATION INDEX; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; CLIMATE INDEXES; NORTHERN; FORESTS; AVHRR; PRODUCTIVITY; SCALE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We investigated two unusual systematic normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) growing season trends in Newfoundland from 1982 to 1999 within a satellite data record from 1982 to 2003 and attempted to determine their causes. We found direct correlations between increasing NDVI and increasing surface air temperature for the 1982-1990 and 1991-1999 growing seasons, punctuated by sharp simultaneous decreases in both surface temperature and the NDVI in 1991 from 1990 that were associated with the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. No covarying trend between NDVI and surface air temperatures was found from 2000 to 2003. The responses of increasing plant growth, as indicated by the increasing NDVI, to increasing surface air temperature from 1982 to 1990 and 1991 to 1999, were also associated with a lengthening of the growing seasons of similar to 9 and similar to 17 days for these two periods, respectively. We found no systematic variations in precipitation, the presence of early season and late season snow cover, systematic variation in down-welling photosynthetically-active radiation, post-forest fire succession, regrowth following logging of coniferous forests, and other land use changes that contributed to the 1982-1990 and 1991-1999 increasing NDVI trends. Our results document the influences of surface air temperature upon boreal forest plant growth and the cooling effects of major volcanic eruptions in this ecological system. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Neigh, CSR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Proc Lab, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM neigh@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Neigh, Christopher/D-4700-2012 OI Neigh, Christopher/0000-0002-5322-6340 NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2581 EP 2598 DI 10.1080/01431160600904931 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 173WO UT WOS:000246903400012 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Cinzano, P Pettit, DR Arvesen, J Sutton, P Small, C Nemani, R Longcore, T Rich, C Safran, J Weeks, J Ebener, S AF Elvidge, C. D. Cinzano, P. Pettit, D. R. Arvesen, J. Sutton, P. Small, C. Nemani, R. Longcore, T. Rich, C. Safran, J. Weeks, J. Ebener, S. TI The Nightsat mission concept SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NIGHTTIME SATELLITE IMAGERY; OPERATIONAL LINESCAN SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; SKY BRIGHTNESS; POPULATION-DENSITY; HUMAN-SETTLEMENTS; BREAST-CANCER; FISHING FLEET; CITY LIGHTS; EMISSIONS AB Nightsat is a concept for a satellite system capable of global observation of the location, extent and brightness of night-time lights at a spatial resolution suitable for the delineation of primary features within human settlements. Based on requirements from several fields of scientific inquiry, Nightsat should be capable of producing a complete cloud-free global map of lights on an annual basis. We have used a combination of high-resolution field spectra of outdoor lighting, moderate resolution colour photography of cities at night from the International Space Station, and high-resolution airborne camera imagery acquired at night to define a range of spatial, spectral, and detection limit options for a future Nightsat mission. The primary findings of our study are that Nightsat should collect data from a near-synchronous orbit in the early evening with 50 to 100m spatial resolution and have detection limits of 2.5E(-28) Watts cm(-2) sr(-1) mu m(-1) or better. Although panchromatic low-light imaging data would be useful, multispectral low-light imaging data would provide valuable information on the type or character of lighting; potentially stronger predictors of variables, such as ambient population density and economic activity; and valuable information to predict response of other species to artificial night lighting. The Nightsat mission concept is unique in its focus on observing a human activity, in contrast to traditional Earth observing systems that focus on natural systems. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observ Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. ISTIL, I-36016 Thiene, Italy. NASA, Johnson Spaceflight Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Cirrus Digital Syst, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Geog Populat & Environm Management, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Urban Wildlands Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. San Diego State Univ, Int Populat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. World Hlth Org, CH-1271 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observ Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Chris.Elvidge@noaa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013; Longcore, Travis/A-4978-2008 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256; Longcore, Travis/0000-0002-1039-2613 NR 56 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2645 EP 2670 DI 10.1080/01431160600981525 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 173WP UT WOS:000246903500001 ER PT J AU Hong, Y Adler, RF AF Hong, Y. Adler, R. F. TI Towards an early-warning system for global landslides triggered by rainfall and earthquake SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW; INTENSITY; THRESHOLD AB Drawing upon the recent advances of satellite remote-sensing technology and landslide modelling techniques, a framework is proposed to attempt an early-warning system for landslide hazards after heavy rainfall and/or earthquake, the two major triggers for landslides. This framework includes three major components: (1) a landslide susceptibility information database, including geology, elevation, topography, soil, and land-cover types; (2) a real-time space-borne precipitation estimation system (http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov); and (3) a near-realtime ground-shaking prediction system after earthquakes (http://earthquake. usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/). The ultimate goal of this framework is to rapidly predict landslide potential after large earthquakes and/or heavy rainfall by combing the dynamic triggers with landslide susceptibility information derived from high-resolution geospatial datasets. However, the challenge for integrating these real-time systems into an operational landslide prediction network and quickly disseminating alerts around the world is tremendous. It requires continued efforts and interdisciplinary collaboration in the next 2-5 years in order to realize such a system, providing early warning for landslides around the globe in a day-to-day decision-making operation. C1 UMBC, Goddard Earth & Sci Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), UMBC, Goddard Earth & Sci Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM yanghong@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 16 BP 3713 EP 3719 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 199YN UT WOS:000248731200020 ER PT J AU Zhong, B Liang, S Holben, B AF Zhong, B. Liang, S. Holben, B. TI Validating a new algorithm for estimating aerosol optical depths over land from MODIS imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB Aerosols greatly affect the signals of satellite sensor imagery for remote sensing of land surfaces and play a dual role in global climate change and the hydrological cycle. However, there has not been a reliable method for estimating aerosol properties over land directly from multispectral remotely sensed imagery. In a recent study, a new algorithm to estimate aerosol optical depths (AODs) from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery suitable for all land surfaces was proposed. It is based on a sequence of imagery over a period of time with the assumption that the surface property is relatively stable and atmospheric conditions vary much more dramatically. Although this algorithm was validated over several sites, more validation was necessary. In this study, this algorithm was validated using 3-month measurements at 25 AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites in North America. The validation results show that this algorithm can estimate AODs with close agreement with the AERONET measurements [R-2 = 50.69, root mean square error (RMSE) 0.06]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liang, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sliang@umd.edu RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 18 BP 4207 EP 4214 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 213IZ UT WOS:000249661400016 ER PT J AU Hao, X Qu, JJ Hauss, B Wang, C AF Hao, X. Qu, J. J. Hauss, B. Wang, C. TI A high-performance approach for brightness temperature inversion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE WAVE-NUMBER; CALIBRATION AB Brightness temperature inversion is one of the most essential tasks in satellite remote sensing data processing. Accurate calculation of brightness temperature is crucial for many remote sensing applications, such as land surface temperature retrieval, sea surface temperature retrieval, and active fire detection. Due to the huge amount of remote sensing data, performance is also very important for operational use. Major current approaches for brightness temperature inversion are iteration methods, Look-Up-Table (LUT) methods, and empirical formula methods. Some of these algorithms can invert brightness temperature efficiently with limited accuracy, while others can invert brightness temperature at high accuracy but have lower performance. It is desirable to develop an algorithm that can make the balance of accuracy and performance more flexible and can invert brightness temperature efficiently even at high accuracy. In this paper, we analyse the advantages and limitations of the current algorithms for brightness temperature inversion, and propose a new approach based on the high-order approximation of the relationship between band-averaged radiance and brightness temperature. Our approach has the advantages of high accuracy and flexibility. It can be vectorized easily to exploit the advanced features of current computing platforms and improve performance in operational data processing. For validation and analysis, we have applied this method to brightness temperature inversion of MODIS thermal infrared (TIR) measurements and compared with other algorithms for accuracy and performance. The results demonstrate that our approach can be used for operational data processing more flexibly and efficiently. C1 George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, CEOSR ESGS, EastFire Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Hao, X (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, CEOSR ESGS, EastFire Lab, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM xhao1@gmu.edu RI Hao, Xianjun/F-7253-2016; Hao, Xianjun/C-9543-2011 OI Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839; Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 21 BP 4733 EP 4743 DI 10.1080/01431160701253238 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 223GU UT WOS:000250358700003 ER PT J AU Biesiadecki, JJ Leger, PC Maimone, MW AF Biesiadecki, Jeffrey J. Leger, P. Chris Maimone, Mark W. TI Tradeoffs between directed and autonomous driving on the mars exploration rovers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Robotics Research (ISRR) CY OCT 12-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA DE Mars Rover; MER; space robotics; autonomy; mission planning AB NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) have collected a great diversity of geological science results, thanks in large part to their surface mobility capabilities. The six wheel rocker/bogie mobility system provides driving capabilities in a range of terrain types, while the onboard IMU measures actual rover attitude changes (roll, pitch and yaw, but not position) quickly and accurately. Four stereo camera pairs provide accurate position knowledge and/or terrain assessment. Solar panels generally provide enough energy to drive the vehicle for at most four hours each day, but drive time is often restricted by other planned activities. Driving along slopes in nonhomogeneous terrain injects unpredictable amounts of slip into each drive. These restrictions led to the creation of driving strategies that alternately use more or less onboard autonomy, to maximize drive speed and distance at the cost of increased complexity in the sequences of commands built by human Rover Planners each day. Commands to the MER vehicles are typically transmitted at most once per day, so mobility operations are encoded as event-driven sequences of individual motion commands. Motions may be commanded using quickly-executing Directed commands which perform only reactive motion safety checks (e.g., real-time current limits, maximum instantaneous vehicle tilt limit), slowly-executing position measuring Visual Odometry (VisOdom) commands, which use images to accurately update the onboard position estimate, or slow-to-medium speed Autonomous Navigation (AutoNav) commands, which use onboard image processing to perform predictive terrain safety checks and optional autonomous Path Selection. In total, the MER rovers have driven more than 10 kilometers over Martian terrain during their first 21 months of operation using these basic modes. In this paper we describe the strategies adopted for selecting between human-planned Directed drives versus rover-adaptive Autonomous Navigation, Visual Odometry and Path Selection drives. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Biesiadecki, JJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mwm@helios.jpl.nasa.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1177/0278364907073777 PG 14 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 129LT UT WOS:000243731700007 ER PT J AU Canelony, JI Provencez, RS Mehta, N Shieh, LS AF Canelony, Jose I. Provencez, Robert S. Mehta, Nisarg Shieh, Leang S. TI An alternative Kalman innovation filter approach for receiver position estimation based on GPS measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adaptive estimation; global positioning system; Kalman filter; optimal linear model; pseudorange ID SYSTEMS AB This article presents an alternative Kalman innovation filter approach for receiver position estimation, based on pseudorange measurements of the global positioning system. First, a dynamic pseudorange model is represented as an ARMAX model and a pseudorange state-space innovation model suitable for both parameter identification and state estimation. The Kalman gain in the pseudorange coordinates is directly calculated from the identified parameters without prior knowledge of the noise properties and the receiver parameters. Then, the pseudorange state-space innovation model is transformed into the receiver state-space innovation model for optimal estimation of the receiver position. Hence, the proposed approach overcomes the drawbacks of the classical Kalman filter approach since it does not require prior knowledge of the noise properties, and the receiver's dynamic model to calculate the Kalman gain. In addition, due to its simplicity, it can be easily implemented in any receiver. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, it is utilized to estimate the position of a stationary receiver and its performance is compared against two versions of the classical Kalman filter approach. The results show that the proposed approach yields consistently good estimation of the receiver position and outperforms the other methods. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. AMD, Austin, TX USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Zulia, Sch Elect Engn, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. RP Shieh, LS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM Lshieh@uh.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7721 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 12 BP 977 EP 990 DI 10.1080/00207720701669446 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 232NZ UT WOS:000251027700003 ER PT J AU Gorla, RSR Agrawal, V Murthy, P Venkataraman, S AF Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy Agrawal, Vimalkumar Murthy, Pappu Venkataraman, Satchi TI Probabilistic analysis of a turbine blade SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBO & JET-ENGINES LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS AB Heat transfer through a gas turbine blade was computationally simulated by a finite element method and probabilistically evaluated to account for various uncertainties in the performance parameters. Cumulative distribution functions and sensitivity factors were computed for thermal stresses due to the geometric, thermal, material and structural random variables. These results permit the identification of the most critical design variables. Such information is necessary to optimize the design and make it cost effective. The analysis leads to the selection of the appropriate materials to be used and to the identification of both the most critical measurements and parameters. In the present study, a probabilistic analysis of a turbine blade was done using a combined procedure that included Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). A response surface model was generated for maximum temperature and maximum stresses using statistical tool Minitab (R). This model was further used to perform Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). An evaluation of the probability of risk and sensitivity factors will enable the identification of the most critical design variables in order to optimize the design and make it cost effective. C1 [Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy; Agrawal, Vimalkumar] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Murthy, Pappu] NASA, Glen Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Venkataraman, Satchi] San Diego State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Gorla, RSR (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-0082 J9 INT J TURBO JET ENG JI Int. J. Turbo. Jet-Engines PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 281CM UT WOS:000254474100010 ER PT B AU Friedl, L AF Friedl, Lawrence BE Ragaini, R TI AEROSOLS, AIR QUALITY, AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 36TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2006 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Friedl, Lawrence] NASA Headquarters, NASA Appl Sci Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-922-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2007 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1142/9789812709233_0023 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Environmental Sciences; Political Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law; Social Issues GA BIP06 UT WOS:000261479400020 ER PT S AU Amitai, E AF Amitai, Eyal BE Jaiswal, RS Uma, S TI Studying rain rate front space and ground observations SO International Symposium on Rainfall Rate and Radio Wave Propagation (ISRR '07) SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Rainfall Rate and Radio Wave Propagation CY JAN 29-30, 2007 CL Salem, INDIA SP Council Sci & Ind Res, Indian Space Res Org, Tamilnadu State Council Sci & Technol DE rainfall rate; radar; TRMM; ground radar; NEXRAD; probability distribution function AB The distribution of rain rates (R) is of great interest in many fields. For example, hydrological applications such as flood forecasting depend on an accurate representation of the excess rainfall--driven by R--that does not infiltrate the soil. It is also of great concern to radio wave propagation --the theme of this symposium. Probability distribution functions (pdf) of R can now be obtained from spaceborne radar observations. Effort to evaluate these pdfs using ground observations is presented. The evaluation of instantaneous rainfall products and rain rate estimates from space is quite a challenge. Scatter plots of pixel-by-pixel comparisons of space-based R estimates with ground-based radar R estimates are extremely noisy because of sample volume discrepancies, timing and navigation mismatches, and uncertainties in the observed-radar reflectivity rain-rate Z(e)-R relations. Furthermore, comparisons of rainfall over daily, weekly or even monthly time scales suffer from the temporal sampling errors of the satellite where the revisit time is on the order of hours or days (e.g., the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission [TRMM] satellite, the future Global Precipitation Measurement [GPM] mission satellite). Consequently, an alternative approach of comparing space-based radar pdfs with pdfs derived from co-located ground-based radar observations is attractive for evaluating satellite-based precipitation products, such as those from TRMM precipitation radar (PR). We will present comparisons of R estimates from the TRMM PR and co-located data from gauge-adjusted ground-based radar (WSR-88D) estimates obtained during nine years of observations. These results provide an overview of how well the satellite retrieved estimates--based on the new NASA TRMM radar rainfall products-compare to the ground-based estimates. These comparisons are part of a new framework for global verification of space-borne radar estimates of precipitation based on comparing pdfs of R. The framework demonstrates how a hydrologic approach that uses statistical properties of precipitation to estimate the uncertainties can be combined with a meteorological approach that uses physical properties of rainfall. The presentation provides insights into the uncertainties in space-based and ground-based radar estimates of rain rate distributions, and a discussion of opportunities and challenges to determine and reduce these uncertainties. This presentation combines results which are summarized in [1], [2], and [3]. Examples of comparison are provided in the following figures. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Amitai, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0433-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 923 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BGO67 UT WOS:000249049900002 ER PT B AU Cruikshank, DP Nelson, RM AF Cruikshank, Dale P. Nelson, Robert M. BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI A history of the exploration of Io SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GALILEAN SATELLITES; JOVIAN MAGNETOSPHERE; LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; SURFACE COMPOSITION; INFRARED-SPECTRA; RADIATION BELTS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SO2 ATMOSPHERE C1 [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Nelson, Robert M.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Cruikshank, DP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 132 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 5 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200003 ER PT B AU Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR AF Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Spencer, John R. BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Io After Galileo A New View of Jupiter's Volcanic Moon Preface SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Spencer, John R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200001 ER PT J AU Perry, J Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR Alexander, C AF Perry, Jason Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Spencer, John R. Alexander, Claudia BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI A summary of the Galileo mission and its observations of Io SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; JOVIAN MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; SULFUR FLOWS; HOT-SPOTS; CLOSE-UP; NIMS C1 [Perry, Jason] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.; Alexander, Claudia] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Spencer, John R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Perry, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 35 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200004 ER PT J AU Moore, WB Schubert, G Anderson, JD Spencer, JR AF Moore, William B. Schubert, Gerald Anderson, John D. Spencer, John R. BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI The interior of Io SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GALILEO PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; HEAT-FLOW; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; TIDAL DISSIPATION; VISCOELASTIC MODELS; BOLOMETRIC ALBEDOS; ORBITAL EVOLUTION; SATELLITES; SURFACE; STATE C1 [Moore, William B.; Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Anderson, John D.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Spencer, John R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Moore, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 89 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200006 ER PT J AU Carlson, RW Kargel, JS Doute, S Soderblom, LA Dalton, JB AF Carlson, Robert W. Kargel, Jeff S. Doute, Sylvain Soderblom, Laurence A. Dalton, J. Brad BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Io's surface composition SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SYMMETRIC MODEL ATMOSPHERE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; LIQUID SULFUR; SOLID SULFUR; MU-M; POSSIBLE IDENTIFICATION C1 [Carlson, Robert W.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kargel, Jeff S.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Doute, Sylvain] Lab Planetol Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dalton, J. Brad] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Carlson, RW (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 159 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200010 ER PT J AU Lellouch, E McGrath, MA Jessup, KL AF Lellouch, Emmanuel McGrath, Melissa A. Jessup, Kandis Lea BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Io's atmosphere SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; VOLCANICALLY DRIVEN ATMOSPHERE; SO2 ATMOSPHERE; PLASMA TORUS; NEUTRAL OXYGEN; PELE PLUME; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SULFUR MONOXIDE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY C1 [Lellouch, Emmanuel] Observ Meudon, Meudon, France. [McGrath, Melissa A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Jessup, Kandis Lea] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lellouch, E (reprint author), Observ Meudon, Meudon, France. NR 106 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200011 ER PT J AU Marchis, F Spencer, JR Lopes, RMC AF Marchis, Franck Spencer, John R. Lopes, Rosaly M. C. BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Outstanding questions and future explorations SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GALILEO PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; IOS VOLCANISM; HEAT-FLOW; MU-M; THERMAL EMISSION; SO2 ATMOSPHERE; MISSION; PROMETHEUS; MOUNTAINS C1 [Marchis, Franck] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Spencer, John R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Marchis, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 287 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200013 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Radebaugh, J Meiner, M Perry, J Marchis, F AF Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Radebaugh, Jani Meiner, Melissa Perry, Jason Marchis, Franck BA Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR BF Lopes, RMC Spencer, JR TI Io's hot spots SO IO AFTER GALILEO: A NEW VIEW OF JUPITER'S VOLCANIC MOON SE Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; GALILEO PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; MISSION; NIMS; SSI C1 [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Marchis, Franck] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Perry, Jason] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48841-5 J9 S-P B ASTRON PLANET PY 2007 BP 307 EP 323 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48841-5 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BLO08 UT WOS:000270644200014 ER PT B AU Ngo, Q Yamada, T Gleason, K Suzuki, M Kitsuki, H Cassell, AM Yang, CY AF Ngo, Quoc Yamada, Toshishige Gleason, Kris Suzuki, Makoto Kitsuki, Hirohiko Cassell, Alan M. Yang, Cary Y. BE Mahapatra, S Radhakrishnan, MK TI Electrothermal transport in carbon nanostructures SO IPFA 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHYSICAL & FAILURE ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits CY JUL 11-13, 2007 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP IEEE ED, SSC Chapter, Bangalore, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEEE Reliabil, CMPT, ED Chapter, Singapore, IEEE ED, AP Chapter, Bombay ID METAL C1 [Ngo, Quoc; Yamada, Toshishige; Gleason, Kris; Suzuki, Makoto; Kitsuki, Hirohiko; Yang, Cary Y.] Santa Clara Univ, Ctr Nanostruct, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. [Yamada, Toshishige; Cassell, Alan M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat & Devices, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ngo, Q (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Ctr Nanostruct, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. EM cyang@scu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1014-9 PY 2007 BP 155 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGX45 UT WOS:000251130700029 ER PT B AU Gerard, R Downs, RR Marshall, JJ Wolfe, RE AF Gerard, Ryan Downs, Robert R. Marshall, James J. Wolfe, Robert E. BE Chang, W Joshi, JBD TI The software reuse working group: A case study in fostering reuse SO IRI 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI-2007) CY AUG 13-15, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, SMC Soc AB Packaging software assets for reuse can improve the potential for others to adopt the software. Packaging the software with appropriate documentation and other resources can facilitate decision-making by those considering adoption and can enable them to implement the software more efficiently. Software that can be easily integrated is more likely to be shared with others and reused by the recipients. The NASA Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) Software Reuse Working Group has been chartered to oversee the process that will maximize the reuse of potential software components. As part of this work, a portal web site was created to support reuse practices within the Earth science community. This portal also serves as an example of reuse practices, both as a recipient and as a contributor to reuse. This paper describes the assets that were reused to develop the software reuse portal. For each asset reused, we identify the type, format, and licensing restrictions. This case study exemplifies reuse at various scopes such as the application, component, and function level. Aside from consuming reusable assets, the software produced was also made available for reuse. We address proper packaging methodologies to foster easy integration and reuse. We obtain various reuse metrics based on an analysis of the final system and the impact in our community. We identify caveats in current metrics such as consideration for emerging technologies and intangible benefits. C1 [Gerard, Ryan; Marshall, James J.] Innovim NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Downs, Robert R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Int Earth Sci Informat Network, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Wolfe, Robert E.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gerard, R (reprint author), Innovim NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM cyan.gerard@gsfc.nasa.gov; rdowns@ciesin.columbia.edu; james.marshall@gsfc.nasa.gov; robert.e.wolfe@nasa.gov RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Marshall, James/A-9611-2009; Downs, Robert/B-4153-2013 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; Marshall, James/0000-0002-6867-5616; Downs, Robert/0000-0002-8595-5134 FU NASA [NAS5-03117]; Kathy Fontaine; Earth Science Data System Working Group Coordinator FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding and support received from NASA, especially the support from Kathy Fontaine, the Earth Science Data System Working Group Coordinator; the support from NASA contract NAS5-03117 for Robert Downs; and the support from NASA for other members of the Software Reuse WG. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1499-4 PY 2007 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGU19 UT WOS:000250559700005 ER PT B AU Mattmann, CA Perrone, V Kelly, S Crichton, DJ Finkelstein, A Medvidovic, N AF Mattmann, Chris A. Perrone, Vito Kelly, Sean Crichton, Daniel J. Finkelstein, Anthony Medvidovic, Nenad BE Chang, W Joshi, JBD TI A reference framework for requirements and architecture in biomedical grid systems SO IRI 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI-2007) CY AUG 13-15, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, SMC Soc AB In this paper we introduce the work done to define a framework for requirements and architectural understanding in biomedical grid computing systems. A set of core requirements for biomedical grids have been identified on the basis of our experience in the analysis and development of several biomedical and other grid systems including the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) in the US and the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Platform in the UK. The requirements have been specified taking into account different points of view and are intended as a core set that can be extended on the basis of project specific aspects. These are also mapped to existing architectures of biomedical grid systems, and their constituent components. Such a framework is intended as a guide for equipping developers with conceptual tools to avoid costly mistakes when architecting biomedical grid systems. C1 [Mattmann, Chris A.; Kelly, Sean; Crichton, Daniel J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Perrone, Vito; Finkelstein, Anthony] UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Mattmann, Chris A.; Medvidovic, Nenad] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Mattmann, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mattmann@pl.nasa.gov; v.perrone@cs.ucl.ac.uk; kelly@pl.nasa.gov; crichton@pl.nasa.gov; a.finkelstein@cs.ucl.ac.uk; neno@usc.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1499-4 PY 2007 BP 418 EP + DI 10.1109/IRI.2007.4296656 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGU19 UT WOS:000250559700069 ER PT B AU Felt, F Knauss, L Gilbertson, A Orozco, A AF Felt, Frederick Knauss, Lee Gilbertson, Anders Orozco, Antonio GP ASM International TI Construction of a 3-D Current Path Using Magnetic Current Imaging SO ISTFA 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP Elect Device Failure Anal Soc, ASM Int ID SCANNING SQUID MICROSCOPY AB The need to miniaturize in the electronics industry is driving smaller form factors, and resulting in complex packaging innovations such as structures with multiple devices stacked inside a three dimensional package. These structures present a challenge for non-destructive fault isolation. Two such modules recently exhibited failures on the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) during board-level testing. Each module consisted of eight vertically-stacked mini-boards, each mini-board with a single EEPROM microcircuit and capacitor, and connected by external gold metallization to module pins. Both failed modules exhibited low-resistance shorts between multiple pins. The orthogonal structure of the module prompted the use of magnetic current imaging (MCI) in three planes in order to construct an internal three-dimensional current path for each of the failed modules. Magnetic current imaging is able to "look through" non-magnetic, or de-gaussed packaging materials, allowing global imaging without physical deprocessing of the stacked EEPROM modules, in order to construct the internal current path and localize defects. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this has been done. Following global isolation of the defects, two types of magnetic sensors were used in parallel with limited deprocessing in order to more precisely characterize suspect failure locations before actually physically exposing the defects. This paper will show the process for using magnetic current imaging with both SQUID and magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors to isolate defects in two stacked EEPROM packages along with the final physical analysis of the defects. The failure analysis found that these devices were damaged by external heat, possibly during oven pre-conditioning or hot air soldering onto the board. The manufacturer, 3-D Plus, was not implicated in the failure. C1 [Felt, Frederick] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Felt, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-863-2 PY 2007 BP 197 EP 205 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BRD94 UT WOS:000282450300040 ER PT J AU Owens, LR Wahls, RA Elzey, MB Hamner, MP AF Owens, Lewis R. Wahls, Richard A. Elzey, Michael B. Hamner, Marvine P. TI Reynolds number effects on off-design stability and control characteristics of supersonic transports SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A high Reynolds number wind-tunnel test was conducted to assess Reynolds number effects on the stability and control characteristics of a realistic, second-generation, supersonic transport concept. The testing included longitudinal and lateral/directional studies at transonic and low-speed, high-lift landing conditions across a range of Reynolds numbers from that available in conventional wind tunnels to near-flight conditions. Results presented focus on Reynolds number sensitivities of the stability and control characteristics at Mach 0.30 and 0.95 for a configuration including empennage. The angle of attack where the pitching-moment departure occurred increased with higher Reynolds numbers for both the landing and transonic configurations. Stabilizer effectiveness and directional stability increased with the Reynolds number for both configurations. The landing configuration without forebody chines exhibited a large yawing-moment departure at high angles of attack and zero sideslip that varied with increasing Reynolds numbers. This departure characteristic nearly disappeared when forebody chines were added. The landing configuration's rudder effectiveness also exhibited sensitivities to changes in Reynolds number. This study extends the existing Reynolds number database for supersonic transports operating at subsonic conditions. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Configurat Aerodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. LeaTech LLC, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. RP Owens, LR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.2514/1.22519 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135EI UT WOS:000244136500013 ER PT J AU Prazenica, RJ Reisenthel, PH Kurdila, AJ Brenner, MJ AF Prazenica, Richard J. Reisenthel, Patrick H. Kurdila, Andrew J. Brenner, Martin J. TI Volterra kernel extrapolation for modeling nonlinear aeroelastic systems at novel flight conditions SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 45th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID IDENTIFICATION AB This paper investigates the modeling of parameter-varying nonlinear aeroelastic systems using Volterra theory. With this approach, the system dynamics are expressed in terms of a set of Volterra kernels. It is well known that the parameters of aeroelastic systems, such as natural frequencies and damping ratios, change with flight condition. Therefore, a system is characterized by a different set of Volterra kernels at each flight condition. These kernels must be extracted from the flight data at each flight condition of interest: a relatively costly procedure. This paper presents a kernel extrapolation method designed to model first- and second-order kernels as functions of a single varying parameter, such as altitude or Mach number. First, using a multiwavelet-based algorithm, a set of Volterra kernels is identified from the input/output data at a number of flight conditions. In this manner, each kernel is represented in terms of a set of multiwavelet basis functions. An extrapolation model is then obtained by using a polynomial curve-fit to express the magnitude of each basis coefficient as a function of the varying parameter. The performance of this kernel extrapolation method is studied in detail for a simulated nonlinear aeroelastic system, demonstrating the validity of the approach. Then, the algorithm is applied to flight data from the F/A-18 Active Aeroelastic Wing. This example illustrates some of the difficulties associated with extrapolating kernels from noisy flight data. C1 Nielsen Engn & Res Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Aerostruct Branch, Struct Dynam Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Prazenica, RJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, REEF, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM prazenic@ufl.edu; phr@nearinc.com; kurdila@vt.edu; martin.j.brenner@nasa.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.2514/1.22764 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135EI UT WOS:000244136500015 ER PT J AU Vargas, M AF Vargas, Mario TI Current experimental basis for modeling ice accretions on swept wings SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 4th Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID STABILITY AB This work presents a review of the experimental basis for modeling ice accretions on swept wings. Experimental work related to ice accretion physics on swept wings conducted between 1954 and 2004 is reviewed. Proposed models or explanations of scallop formations are singled out and discussed. Speciid emphasis is placed on reviewing the work done to determine the, basic macroscopic mechanisms of scallop formation. The role of feather growth and its connection to scallop growth is discussed. Conceptual steps in modeling scallop formations are presented. Research elements needed for modeling are discussed. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Icing Branch, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. RP Vargas, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Icing Branch, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 274 EP 290 DI 10.2514/1.23323 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135EI UT WOS:000244136500028 ER PT J AU Salicru, AN Crucian, BE Nelman-Gonzales, MA Actor, JK Sams, CF Marshall, GD AF Salicru, A. N. Crucian, B. E. Nelman-Gonzales, M. A. Actor, J. K. Sams, C. F. Marshall, G. D., Jr. TI Variable effects of combination corticosteroids and catecholamines on total beta 2-adrenergic receptors in human CD4+T-lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Salicru, A. N.; Actor, J. K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX USA. [Crucian, B. E.; Nelman-Gonzales, M. A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr Bioastronaut Team Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Sams, C. F.] NASA, Human Adapt & Countermeasure Off, Houston, TX USA. [Marshall, G. D., Jr.] Univ Mississippi, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, Jackson, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 370 BP S94 EP S94 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.585 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400370 ER PT J AU Mingo, N Broido, DA AF Mingo, N. Broido, D. A. TI Thermoelectric power factor of nanoporous semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION AB We compute the thermoelectric power factor of a nanoporous matrix material. Although the porous material is a connected, extended system, where perfect confinement cannot take place, we show that "quasi-confinement" can occur, thus increasing the matrix's optimized power factor above bulk values. For parabolic band materials, we obtain a set of universal curves that express the power factor enhancement with respect to bulk values in terms of a single quantity relating the temperature, pore separation, and bulk effective mass. We show how results deviate from these universal curves when the bulk material's bands are not parabolic. Reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity is also addressed. The use of a good thermoelectric material instead of a dielectric as the matrix for thermoelectric nanocomposites might thus enhance the overall nanocomposite's power factor, and it could be advantageous for power generation applications in which the goal is to maximize the generated power. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 NASA, Ames Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Mingo, N (reprint author), NASA, Ames Ctr Nanotechnol, 229-1 Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM mingo@nas.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 1 AR 014322 DI 10.1063/1.2405232 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127KR UT WOS:000243585200103 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Li, RR Xiong, XX AF Gao, Bo-Cai Li, Rong-Rong Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Possible enhancement to specifications of several Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer visible and near-IR channels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; MODIS; imaging; clouds; land; ocean color ID WATER-VAPOR; MODIS; AEROSOL; IMAGER; CLOUD; EARTH AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments onboard the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecrafts have provided unprecedented capabilities in global observations of land, ocean, and atmosphere. In this paper, we report that, under certain atmospheric and surface conditions, several MODIS channels in the visible and near-IR spectral regions can saturate. The radiance dynamic ranges of similar channels for future satellite earth observing instruments should be increased. Instrument designers and MODIS data users should be aware of the saturation problems associated with these MODIS channels. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank K.-F. Chiang of MODIS Characterization Support Team with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., for help during data analysis. This research was supported by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the MODIS Project and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013504 DI 10.1117/1.2712473 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300046 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Xiong, XX Li, RR Wang, DY AF Gao, Bo-Cai Xiong, Xiaoxiong Li, Rong-Rong Wang, Ding-Yi TI Evaluation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer special 3.95-mu m fire channel and implications on fire channel selections for future satellite instruments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE MODIS; satellite instrument; fire channel ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; MODIS; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; AVHRR; EARTH AB The 3.75-mu m and 11-mu m channels on the polar orbiting NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors have saturation temperatures of approximately 325 K. They allowed limited successes in estimating the sub-pixel fire temperature and fractional area coverage. The saturation problem associated with the 3.75-mu m AVHRR channel greatly limited the ability for such estimates. In order to overcome this problem, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the NASA Terra and Aqua spacecrafts have both been equipped with a special fire channel centered at 3.95 mu m with a specified saturation temperature of 500 K and a spatial resolution of 1 km. We have analyzed more than 40 sets of Terra and Aqua MODIS fire data acquired over different geographical regions, and found that very few fire pixels have the 3.95-mu m fire channel brightness temperatures greater than 450 K. We suggest that the saturation temperature of fire channels near 4 mu m for future satellite instruments with pixel sizes of about 1 km should be specified at about 450 K or even slightly lower in order to make the channels more useful for quantitative remote sensing of fires. A dual gain approach should also be considered for future satellite fire channels. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Ding-Yi] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov; dwang@unb.ca FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the MODIS Project and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013516 DI 10.1117/1.2757715 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300034 ER PT J AU Macauley, MK Diner, DJ AF Macauley, Molly K. Diner, David J. TI Ascribing societal benefit to applied remote sensing data products: an examination of methodologies based on the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer experience SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE applied remote sensing; multi-angle imaging; spectroradiometer; societal benefit; economics; Earth observations ID WEATHER INFORMATION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PARAGON FRAMEWORK; MISR INSTRUMENT; SATELLITE; CONSISTENT; ECONOMICS; SCIENCE; SYSTEM; ALBEDO AB This paper describes and illustrates frameworks for societal benefits associated with data products from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), one of five instruments launched into polar orbit aboard NASA's Terra spacecraft in December 1999. The objective of framing and illustrating benefits is impelled by the January, 2007, U. S. National Research Council's seminal decadal survey of U. S. Earth science. The survey urges that all missions explicitly identify potential societal benefits in mission planning and operation. In this paper, our retrospective look at MISR offers approaches which mission planning for future instruments could operationalize. "Societal benefit" generally refers to practical applications of data and data products beyond their intrinsic science merit. The paper demonstrates how societal benefit frameworks work, highlights some of these benefits in the case of MISR, and seeks to provide useful guidance for benefit descriptions in future multi-angle and other Earth observation research programs. C1 [Macauley, Molly K.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Diner, David J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Macauley, MK (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Macauley@rff.org; David.J.Diner@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory [1271034] FX The authors thank our referees for detailed comments which enabled us to improve our paper. We also thank Graham Bothwell, Diane Evans, Clare Averill, and participants in the Terra Data Fusion and Intercomparison Meeting in August 2005 and the MISR Science Team meeting in December 2005 for information and comments. Larry Di Girolamo, Mark Chopping, Anne Nolin, and Yang Liu provided information for section 3. The research of David J. Diner is carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory under Subcontract No. 1271034 and Resources for the Future have graciously provided financial support. Responsibility for errors and opinions rests exclusively with the authors. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013538 DI 10.1117/1.2799981 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300012 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Shetter, R Hall, S Ullmann, K Bhartia, PK AF Petropavlovskikh, Irina Shetter, Richard Hall, Samuel Ullmann, Kirk Bhartia, Pawan K. TI Algorithm for the charge-coupled-device scanning actinic flux spectroradiometer ozone retrieval in support of the Aura satellite validation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; algorithm; radiative transfer; ozone ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; WATER CLOUDS; ULTRAVIOLET; PARAMETERIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIANCES; ATMOSPHERES; AEROSOLS; MODELS AB Stratospheric ozone column data was acquired during four recent aircraft-based validation missions for the Aura satellite flown in years 2004-2006. The data was retrieved by the spectrally-resolved actinic flux measurements of the charge-coupled-device scanning actinic flux spectroradiometer (CAFS) instrument carried on board the NASA WB-57 and DC-8 aircrafts. Each dataset contains information on temporal and spatial variability in the stratospheric ozone column. Analyses of the CAFS datasets provide guidance for assimilation of data from individual satellite orbits into the global maps of stratospheric ozone. Moreover, the 10-second samplings of the CAFS data supply information on spatial variability of stratospheric ozone column across the footprint of a satellite measurement. The CAFS data is available as a function of altitude and geo location of the aircraft. This paper describes the algorithm for the retrieval of an ozone column above the aircraft level, along with validation of the CAFS retrieved ozone product. A discussion of the retrieval uncertainty is provided with emphasis on the algorithm's assumptions and instrumental uncertainties. Sensitivity of the ozone retrieval to fundamental atmospheric parameters is discussed in detail, and the range of uncertainties is estimated under a variety of observational conditions. The characteristic model uncertainty of the CAFS partial ozone column retrieval is better than 3 %, whereas the CAFS measurement precision contributes less than 1 % to the retrieval uncertainty. C1 [Petropavlovskikh, Irina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shetter, Richard] Univ N Dakota, Natl Suborbital Educ & Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Hall, Samuel; Ullmann, Kirk] NCAR, ESSL, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irina.petro@noaa.gov; r.shetter@nserc.und.edu; halls@ucar.edu; ullmannk@ucar.edu; Pawan.K.Bhartia@nasa.gov RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 FU NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; NASA HQ FX This work was supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with K. Chance, R. McPeters, and E. Hilserath. We would also like to emphasize the crucial contributions of the pilots and crew of both the NASA WB-57F and DC-8 aircrafts, and the support staff associated with the Aura Validation Experiment campaign that made CAFS measurements a success. The authors would like to thank V. Holger from University of Colorado, CIRES for processing ozonesonde data during the CR-AVE campaign, and to G. Labow of NASA/Goddard for providing the Microtops instrument for total ozone column measurements. Both datasets were essential in validation of the CAFS ozone retrieval product. We would like to stress our appreciation to the professors and students from the Universidad Nacional and the Univesidad de Costa Rica for their diligent work on launching balloons during school winter break. Authors would like to acknowledge the work of Lihua Li of UMBC/GEST and G. Heymsfield of GSFC for providing CRS data. Also we would like to acknowledge NASA HQ, e. g. Hal Maring of Radiation Science Program, for funding the CRS instrument and data taking. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013540 DI 10.1117/1.2802563 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300010 ER PT J AU Stephens, GL Vane, DG AF Stephens, Graeme L. Vane, Deborah G. TI Cloud remote sensing from space in the era of the A-Train SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; clouds; spaceborne radar; precipitation ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER THEORY; MILLIMETER-WAVE RADAR; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; TERRESTRIAL CLOUDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RETRIEVAL; CIRRUS; PARAMETERS; SCATTERING; SATELLITE AB The notion of the A-Train constellation of satellites is described. This constellation includes five satellites with EOS Aqua and EOS Aura at each end of the constellation and another small satellite, PARASOL, carrying the POLDER polarimeter inserted in the formation between the larger EOS spacecraft. This constellation also includes the CloudSat and CALIPSO spacecraft that were inserted into the Aqua orbit on April 28(th), 2006. This newly formed constellation, together with the earlier NASA TRMM mission, represent a new age of remote sensing of clouds and precipitation in that we are now able to combine the observations of active radar and laser systems with passive radiometric observations. This paper reviews a few selected but commonly used remote sensing approaches for observing clouds and precipitation and highlights the potential of the new observing capabilities of the A-Train. It is also highlighted how this new era provides us with the opportunity to move away from present artificial practices of 'observing' and analyzing clouds and precipitation as separate entities toward a more unified approach to observe clouds and precipitation properties jointly. C1 [Stephens, Graeme L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vane, Deborah G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Stephens, GL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM stephens@atmos.colostate.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013507 DI 10.1117/1.2709703 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300043 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Xiong, XX Qu, JJ Xie, Y Hao, XJ Che, NZ AF Wang, Lingli Xiong, Xiaoxiong Qu, John J. Xie, Yong Hao, Xianjun Che, Nianzeng TI Impact assessment of Aqua MODIS band-to-band misregistration on snow index SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE MODIS; Aqua; Focal Plane Assemblies; misregistration; NDSI; snow mapping ID TERRA MODIS; CALIBRATION AB The MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a key instrument for the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. It was successfully launched onboard the Terra satellite in December 1999 and Aqua satellite in May 2002. MODIS senses the Earth's surface in thirty-six spectral bands which are distributed on four Focal Plane Assemblies (FPAs): Visible (VIS), Near-Infrared (NIR), Short-and Middle-wavelength IR (SMIR), and Long-wavelength IR (LWIR). It was found from sensor pre-launch measurements that Aqua MODIS SMIR/LWIR FPAs had a large misalignment or misregistration relative to the VIS/NIR FPAs in both along-scan and along-track directions. The misregistration of the two FPA groups has remained nearly the same during its on-orbit operation. Consequently this has been a major concern for Aqua MODIS performance since it could affect the quality of MODIS products which utilize bands from both the VIS/NIR and SMIR/LWIR FPAs, for example, the snow index. This paper focuses on investigating the impact of Aqua MODIS FPA-to-FPA or band-to-band misregistration on its snow index (NDSI) derived from measurements made by VIS band 4 and SWIR band 7. Preliminary results show that shifting one pixel (500 m) forward in the along-track direction of band 7 can improve the band-to-band registration between bands 4 and 7 and, therefore, the quality of Aqua MODIS snow mapping. This study will help MODIS data users to understand the potential impact of band-to-band misregistration on MODIS science products, and also be useful for the future sensor design. C1 [Wang, Lingli; Qu, John J.; Xie, Yong; Hao, Xianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, EastFIRE Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Che, Nianzeng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, EastFIRE Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Lwang2@gmu.edu RI Hao, Xianjun/F-7253-2016; Hao, Xianjun/C-9543-2011 OI Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839; Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839 FU MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) FX We would like to thank the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) at NASA GSFC for supporting this study. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013531 DI 10.1117/1.2786934 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300019 ER PT J AU Zhou, DK Smith, WL Bingham, GE Huppi, RJ Revercomb, HE Zollinger, LJ Elwell, JD Larar, AM Liu, X Tansock, JJ Reisse, RA Hooker, R AF Zhou, Daniel K. Smith, William L. Bingham, Gail E. Huppi, Ronald J. Revercomb, Henry E. Zollinger, Lorin J. Elwell, John D. Larar, Allen M. Liu, Xu Tansock, Joseph J. Reisse, Robert A. Hooker, Ronald TI Ground-based measurements with the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) engineering demonstration unit - experiment description and first results SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Michelson interferometer; Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS); image; remote sensing; satellite ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER AB The Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) Engineering Demonstration Unit (EDU) is an imaging infrared spectrometer designed for atmospheric soundings. It measures the infrared spectrum in two spectral bands (14.6 to 8.8 mu m, 6.0 to 4.4 mu m) using two 128x128 detector arrays with an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.57 cm(-1) (i. e., with a maximum optical path difference of similar to 0.88 cm) and a full spectral resolution scan duration of similar to 11 seconds. From a geosynchronous orbit, the instrument will have the capability of taking successive measurements of different geographical areas to scan any desired region of the globe, from which atmospheric temperature and moisture soundings, cloud and surface parameters, wind profiles, as well as other derived products can be retrieved. The GIFTS EDU provides a flexible and accurate testbed for the new challenges of the emerging hyperspectral era. The EDU ground-based measurement experiment, held in Logan, Utah during September 2006, demonstrated extensive capabilities and the potential for geosynchronous satellite and other platform Earth observing environmental measurements. This paper addresses the ground-based experiment objectives and provides "first-look" results illustrating the overall performance of the sensor system with a focus on the GIFTS EDU imaging capability and proof of the GIFTS measurement concept. C1 [Zhou, Daniel K.; Larar, Allen M.; Liu, Xu; Reisse, Robert A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, William L.; Revercomb, Henry E.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Smith, William L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Bingham, Gail E.; Zollinger, Lorin J.; Elwell, John D.; Tansock, Joseph J.] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hooker, Ronald] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Zhou, DK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Daniel.K.Zhou@nasa.gov; Bill.L.Smith@cox.net; Gail.Bingham@sdl.usu.edu; Ron.Huppi@pobox.com; Hank.Revercomb@ssec.wisc.edu; Lorin.Zollinger@sdl.usu.edu; John.Elwell@sdl.usu.edu; Allen.M.Larar@nasa.gov; Xu.Liu-1@nasa.gov; Joe.Tansock@sdl.usu.edu; Robert.A.Reisse@nasa.gov; Ron.Hooker@nasa.gov FU NASA Headquarters and NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Headquarters Earth Science Division FX The GIFTS EDU, built and calibrated by the Space Dynamics Laboratory of Utah State University, was a NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) sponsored instrument designed to validate the new technologies. NMP was managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the GIFTS project was managed by NASA Langley Research Center. The ground-based experiment was supported by the NASA Headquarters and NASA Langley Research Center. The authors acknowledge support from NASA Headquarters Earth Science Division Deputy Director Dr. Bryant Cramer. The authors express their sincere thanks to the GIFTS team members from various organizations. The personnel who contributed to this project are too numerous to mention by name, nonetheless their personal contributions are greatly appreciated. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013528 DI 10.1117/1.2784288 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300022 ER PT J AU Wessels, KJ Prince, SD Malherbe, J Small, J Frost, PE VanZyl, D AF Wessels, K. J. Prince, S. D. Malherbe, J. Small, J. Frost, P. E. VanZyl, D. TI Can human-induced land degradation be distinguished from the effects of rainfall variability? A case study in South Africa SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Review DE monitoring; AVHRR; NDVI; rain-use efficiency; NPP; communal lands; South Africa ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; NOAA AVHRR DATA; SATELLITE DATA; NONEQUILIBRIUM RANGELANDS; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; SEMIARID BOTSWANA; USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL-MOISTURE AB Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data (NDVI, I km(2), 1985-2003) and modeled net primary production (NPP, 8 km(2), 1981-2000) data were used to estimate vegetation production in South Africa (SA). The linear relationships of Log,Rainfall with NPP and Sigma NDVI were calculated for every pixel. Vegetation production generally had a strong relationship with rainfall over most of SA. Therefore, human-induced land degradation can only be detected if its impacts on vegetation production can be distinguished from the effects of rainfall. Two methods were tested (i) Rain-Use Efficiency (RUE = NPP/Rainfall or Sigma NDVI/ Rainfall) and (ii) Residual Trends (RESTREND), i.e. negative trends in the differences between the observed Sigma NDVI and the Sigma NDVI predicted by the rainfall. Degraded areas mapped by the National Land Cover in north-eastern SA had reduced RUE; however, annual RUE had a very strong negative correlation with rainfall and varied greatly between years. Therefore, RUE was not a reliable indicator of degradation. The RESTREND method showed promising results at a national scale and in the Limpopo Province, where negative trends were often associated with degraded areas in communal lands. Both positive and negative residual trends can, however, result from natural ecological processes, e.g. the carryover effects of rainfall in previous years. Thus, the RESTREND method can only identify potential problem areas at a regional scale, while the cause of negative trends has to be determined by local investigations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Agr Res Council, Inst Soil Climate & Water, Pretoria, South Africa. CSIR, Satellite Appl Ctr, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Wessels, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Code 614-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kwessels@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Noojipady, Praveen/B-2511-2010 NR 103 TC 192 Z9 222 U1 14 U2 87 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 271 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.015 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111EO UT WOS:000242434400008 ER PT J AU Fukunaga, AS Korf, RE AF Fukunaga, Alex S. Korf, Richard E. TI Bin completion algorithms for multicontainer packing, knapsack, and covering problems SO JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SUBSET SUM; SEGREGATED STORAGE PROBLEM; CUTTING-STOCK PROBLEM; PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS; HEURISTICS AB Many combinatorial optimization problems such as the bin packing and multiple knapsack problems involve assigning a set of discrete objects to multiple containers. These problems can be used to model task and resource allocation problems in multi-agent systems and distributed systms, and can also be found as subproblems of scheduling problems. We propose bin completion, a branch-and-bound strategy for one-dimensional, multicontainer packing problems. Bin completion combines a bin-oriented search space with a powerful dominance criterion that enables us to prune much of the space. The performance of the basic bin completion framework can be enhanced by using a number of extensions, including nogood-based pruning techniques that allow further exploitation of the dominance criterion. Bin completion is applied to four problems: multiple knapsack, bin covering, min-cost covering, and bin packing. We show that our bin completion algorithms yield new, state-of-the-art results for the multiple knapsack, bin covering, and min-cost covering problems, outperforming previous algorithms by several orders of magnitude with respect to runtime on some classes of hard, random problem instances. For the bin packing problem, we demonstrate significant improvements compared to most previous results, but show that bin completion is not competitive with current state-of-the-art cutting-stock based approaches. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91108 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Fukunaga, AS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91108 USA. EM FUKUNAGA@AIG.JPL.NASA.GOV; KORF@CS.UCLA.EDU NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI ACCESS FOUNDATION PI MARINA DEL REY PA USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST, 4676 ADMIRALITY WAY, MARINA DEL REY, CA 90292-6695 USA SN 1076-9757 J9 J ARTIF INTELL RES JI J. Artif. Intell. Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 393 EP 429 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 153FY UT WOS:000245418700002 ER PT J AU Clement, BJ Durfee, EH Barrett, AC AF Clement, Bradley J. Durfee, Edmund H. Barrett, Anthony C. TI Abstract reasoning for planning and coordination SO JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEARCH; SYSTEM AB The judicious use of abstraction can help planning agents to identify key interactions between actions, and resolve them, without getting bogged down in details. However, ignoring the wrong details can lead agents into building plans that do not work, or into costly backtracking and replanning once overlooked interdependencies come to light. We claim that associating systematically-generated summary information with plans' abstract operators can ensure plan correctness, even for asynchronously-executed plans that must be coordinated across multiple agents, while still achieving valuable efficiency gains. In this paper, we formally characterize hierarchical plans whose actions have temporal extent, and describe a principled method for deriving summarized state and metric resource information for such actions. We provide sound and complete algorithms, along with heuristics, to exploit summary information during hierarchical refinement planning and plan coordination. Our analyses and experiments show that, under clearcut and reasonable conditions, using summary information can speed planning as much as doubly exponentially even for plans involving interacting subproblems. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Michigan, EECS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Clement, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop I26-247, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM BRAD.CLEMENT@JPL.NASA.GOV; DURFEE@UMICH.EDU; TONY.BARRETT@JPL.NASA.GOV NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AI ACCESS FOUNDATION PI MARINA DEL REY PA USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST, 4676 ADMIRALITY WAY, MARINA DEL REY, CA 90292-6695 USA SN 1076-9757 EI 1943-5037 J9 J ARTIF INTELL RES JI J. Artif. Intell. Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 453 EP 515 PG 63 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 161NT UT WOS:000246022900001 ER PT J AU Behrendt, A Wulfmeyer, V Di Girolamo, P Kiemle, C Bauer, HS Schaberl, T Summa, D Whiteman, DN Demoz, BB Browell, EV Ismail, S Ferrare, R Kooi, S Ehret, G Wang, JH AF Behrendt, Andreas Wulfmeyer, Volker Di Girolamo, Paolo Kiemle, Christoph Bauer, Hans-Stefan Schaberl, Thorsten Summa, Donato Whiteman, David N. Demoz, Belay B. Browell, Edward V. Ismail, Syed Ferrare, Richard Kooi, Susan Ehret, Gerhard Wang, Junhong TI Intercomparison of water vapor data measured with lidar during IHOP_2002. Part I: Airborne to ground-based lidar systems and comparisons with chilled-mirror hygrometer radiosondes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; RAMAN LIDAR; UPPER-TROPOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; PROFILES; ACCURACY; HUMIDITY; AEROSOLS; SENSORS AB The water vapor data measured with airborne and ground-based lidar systems during the International H(2)O Project (IHOP_2002), which took place in the Southern Great Plains during 13 May-25 June 2002 were investigated. So far, the data collected during IHOP_2002 provide the largest set of state-of-the-art water vapor lidar data measured in a field campaign. In this first of two companion papers, intercomparisons between the scanning Raman lidar (SRL) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and two airborne systems are discussed. There are 9 intercomparisons possible between SRL and the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of Deutsches Zentrum fur Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR), while there are 10 intercomparisons between SRL and the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) of the NASA Langley Research Center. Mean biases of (-0.30 +/- 0.25) g kg(-1) or -4.3% +/- 3.2% for SRL compared to DLR DIAL (DLR DIAL drier) and (0.16 +/- 0.31) g kg(-1) or 5.3% +/- 5.1% for SRL compared to LASE (LASE wetter) in the height range of 1.3-3.8 km above sea level (450-2950 m above ground level at the SRL site) were found. Putting equal weight on the data reliability of the three instruments, these results yield relative bias values of -4.6%, -0.4%, and +5.0% for DLR DIAL, SRL, and LASE, respectively. Furthermore, measurements of the Snow White (SW) chilled-mirror hygrometer radiosonde were compared with lidar data. For the four comparisons possible between SW radiosondes and SRL, an overall bias of (-0.27 +/- 0.30) g kg(-1) or -3.2% +/- 4.5% of SW compared to SRL (SW drier) again for 1.3-3.8 km above sea level was found. Because it is a challenging effort to reach an accuracy of humidity measurements down to the similar to 5% level, the overall results are very satisfactory and confirm the high and stable performance of the instruments and the low noise errors of each profile. C1 Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. NASA, GSFC, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Behrendt, A (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM behrendt@uni-hohenheim.de RI Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014; OI Behrendt, Andreas/0000-0003-2719-4354 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1175/JTECH1924.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129JH UT WOS:000243724600001 ER PT J AU Behrendt, A Wulfmeyer, V Kiemle, C Ehret, G Flamant, C Schaberl, T Bauer, HS Kooi, S Ismail, S Ferrare, R Browell, EV Whiteman, DN AF Behrendt, Andreas Wulfmeyer, Volker Kiemle, Christoph Ehret, Gerhard Flamant, Cyrille Schaberl, Thorsten Bauer, Hans-Stefan Kooi, Susan Ismail, Syed Ferrare, Richard Browell, Edward V. Whiteman, David N. TI Intercomparison of water vapor data measured with lidar during IHOP_2002. Part II: Airborne-to-airborne systems SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LEANDRE-II; TROPOSPHERE; ACCURACY; HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION AB The dataset of the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) gives the first opportunity for direct inter-comparisons of airborne water vapor lidar systems and allows very important conclusions to be drawn for future field campaigns. Three airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems were operated simultaneously during some IHOP_2002 missions: the DIAL of Deutsches Zentrum fur Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR), the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, and the Lidar Embarque pour l'etude des Aerosols et des Nuages de l'interaction Dynamique Rayonnement et du cycle de l'Eau (LEANDRE II) of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Data of one formation flight with DLR DIAL and LEANDRE II were investigated, which consists of 54 independent profiles of the two instruments measured with 10-s temporal average. For the height range of 1.14-1.64 km above sea level, a bias of (-0.41 +/- 0.16) g kg(-1) or -7.9% +/- 3.1% was found for DLR DIAL compared to LEANDRE II (LEANDRE II drier) as well as root-mean-square (RMS) deviations of (0.87 +/- 0.18) g kg(-1) or 16.9% +/- 3.5%. With these results, relative bias values of -9.3%, -1.5%, +2.7%, and +8.1% result for LEANDRE II, DLR DIAL, the scanning Raman lidar (SRL), and LASE, respectively, using the mutual bias values determined in Part I for the latter three sensors. From the three possible profile-to-profile intercomparisons between DLR DIAL and LASE, one case cannot provide information on the system performances due to very large inhomogeneity of the atmospheric water vapor field, while one of the two remaining two cases showed a difference of -4.6% in the height range of 1.4-3.0 km and the other of -25% in 1.3-3.8 km (in both cases DLR DIAL was drier than LASE). The airborne-to-airborne comparisons showed that if airborne water vapor lidars are to be validated down to an accuracy of better than 5% in the lower troposphere, the atmospheric variability of water vapor has to be taken into account down to scales of less than a kilometer unless a sufficiently large number of intercomparison cases is available to derive statistically solid biases and RMS deviations. In conclusion, the overall biases between the water vapor data of all three airborne lidar systems operated during IHOP_2002 are smaller than 10% in the present stage of data evaluation, which confirms the previous estimates of the instrumental accuracies for all the systems. C1 Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75005 Paris, France. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Behrendt, A (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM behrendt@uni-hohenheim.de OI Behrendt, Andreas/0000-0003-2719-4354 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 22 EP 39 DI 10.1175/JTECH1925.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129JH UT WOS:000243724600002 ER PT J AU Banerjee, RK Roy, AS Back, LH Back, MR Khoury, SF Millard, RW AF Banerjee, Rupak K. Roy, Abhijit Sinha Back, Lloyd H. Back, Martin R. Khoury, Saeb F. Millard, Ronald W. TI Characterizing momentum change and viscous loss of a hemodynamic endpoint in assessment of coronary lesions SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE coronary stenoses; guidewire diagnostics; coronary flow reserve (CFR); fractional flow reserve (FFR); lesion flow coefficient ID FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE; BLOOD-FLOW; STENOSIS SEVERITY; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; ARTERIAL STENOSES; GUIDE-WIRE; VELOCITY RESERVE; PRESSURE-DROP; STEADY FLOW; IN-VITRO AB Myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFRmyo) and coronary flow reserve (CFR), measured with guidewire, and quantitative angiography (QA) are widely used in combination to distinguish ischemic from non-ischemic coronary stenoses. Recent studies have shown that simultaneous measurements of FFRmyo and CFR are recommended to dissociate conduit epicardial coronary stenoses from distal resistance microvascular disease. In this study, a more comprehensive diagnostic parameter, named as lesion flow coefficient, (c) over tilde, is proposed. The coefficient, (c) over tilde, which accounts for mean pressure drop, Delta(p) over tilde, mean coronary flow, (Q) over tilde, and percentage area stenosis, can be used to assess the hemodynamic severity of a coronary artery stenoses. Importantly, the contribution of viscous loss and loss due to momentum change for several lesion sizes can be distinguished using (c) over tilde. FFRmyo, CFR and (c) over tilde were calculated for pre-angioplasty, intermediate and post-angioplasty epicardial lesions, without microvascular disease. While hyperemic (c) over tilde decreased from 0.65 for pre-angioplasty to 0.48 for post-angioplasty lesion with guidewire of size 0.35 mm, FFRmyo increased from 0.52 to 0.87, and CFR increased from 1.72 to 3.45, respectively. Thus, reduced loss produced by momentum change due to lower percentage area stenosis decreased (c) over tilde. For post-angioplasty lesion, a decreased from 0.55 to 0.48 with the insertion of guidewire. Hence, increased viscous loss due to the presence of guidewire decreased (c) over tilde compared with a lesion without guidewire. Further, (c) over tilde showed a linear relationship with FFRmyo, CFR and percentage area stenosis for preangioplasty, intermediate and post-angioplasty lesion. These baseline values of (c) over tilde were developed from fluid dynamics fundamentals for focal lesions, and provided a single hemodynamic endpoint to evaluate coronary stenosis severity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Tampa, FL USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pharmacol & Cell Biophys, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Banerjee, RK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, 688 Rhodes Hall,POB 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Rupak.Banerjee@UC.Edu NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.01.014 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 136RG UT WOS:000244241200019 PM 16530204 ER PT J AU Johnson, WR Wilson, DW Fink, W Humayun, M Bearman, G AF Johnson, William R. Wilson, Daniel W. Fink, Wolfgang Humayun, Mark Bearman, Greg TI Snapshot hyperspectral imaging in ophthalmology SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE retina; spectral imaging; spectroscopy; oximetry ID RETINAL-VESSELS; OXYGEN-SATURATION; SIMULTANEOUS ACQUISITION; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION; OXIMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; IMAGER; BLOOD AB Retinal imaging spectroscopy can provide functional maps using chromophore spectra. For example, oxygen saturation maps show ischemic areas from diabetes and venous occlusions. Obtaining retinal spatial-spectral data has been difficult due to saccades and long data acquisition times ( similar to 5 s). We present a snapshot imaging spectrometer with far-reaching applicability that acquires a complete spatial-spectral image cube in similar to 3 ms from 450 to 700 nm with 50 bands, eliminating motion artifacts and pixel misregistration. Current retinal spectral imaging approaches are incapable of true snapshot operation over a wide spectral range with a large number of spectral bands. Coupled to a fundus camera, the instrument returns true color retinal images for comparison to standard fundus images and for image validation while the patient is still dilated. Oxygen saturation maps were obtained with a three-wavelength algorithm: for healthy subjects arteries were similar to 95% and veins 30 to 35% less. The instrument is now undergoing clinical trials. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ So Calif, Doheny Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Bearman, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 306-336, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gbearman@jpl.nasa.gov NR 32 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 AR 014036 DI 10.1117/1.2434950 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 154KH UT WOS:000245505400037 PM 17343511 ER PT J AU Turner, RT Evans, GL Lotinun, S Lapke, PD Iwaniec, UT Morey-Holton, E AF Turner, Russell T. Evans, Glenda L. Lotinun, Sutada Lapke, Paul D. Iwaniec, Urszula T. Morey-Holton, Emily TI Dose-response effects of intermittent PTH on cancellous bone in hindlimb unloaded rats SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spaceflight; bone formation; bone matrix proteins; histomorphometry; osteoblasts; mu CT ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE 1-34; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID LEVELS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; FEMALE RATS; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS; TIBIAL METAPHYSIS; MATRIX PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SPACE-FLIGHT AB HLU suppressed bone formation and resulted in bone loss in the tibial metaphysis of 6-month-old male rats. A human therapeutic dose of intermittent PTH (I mu g/kg/day) prevented the skeletal changes associated with HLU. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Nutr & Exercise Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Grad Sch Med, Dept Orthoped, Rochester, MN USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Turner, RT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Nutr & Exercise Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM russell.turner@oregonstate.edu OI Lotinun, Sutada/0000-0002-5127-3039 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 011140]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR 48833] NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1359/JBMR.061006 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 120AR UT WOS:000243056300008 PM 17042715 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Bassim, ND Freitas, JA Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Henry, RL Holm, RT Kim, J Neudeck, PC Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Mastro, M. A. Bassim, N. D. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Twigg, M. E. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Henry, R. L. Holm, R. T. Kim, J. Neudeck, P. C. Trunek, A. J. Powell, J. A. TI Evolution of strain throughout gallium nitride deposited on silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; silicon carbide; strain; growth ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; INTRINSIC STRESSES; RESIDUAL-STRESS; GAN LAYERS; GROWTH; SURFACES; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; PERFORMANCE AB During GaN growth on an on-axis SiC substrate, a large density of dislocations (similar to 10(9) cm(-2)) is unavoidably generated by the GaN/SiC misfit, uncontrolled misorientation in the substrate and defects present at the surface of the substrate. Recently a unique SiC substrate was developed with step-free and stepped mesas as well as continuous surface areas similar to a standard wafer all in close proximity. It is now possible to isolate the influence of defects and steps on the deposition of GaN on SiC. This paper provides a link between the dislocation environment and the strain state in the GaN film as well as the change of this strain with increasing thickness. C1 [Mastro, M. A.; Bassim, N. D.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Twigg, M. E.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.; Henry, R. L.; Holm, R. T.] USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, J.] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Neudeck, P. C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Trunek, A. J.] OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Powell, J. A.] Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jhkim@prosys.korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 331 EP 335 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 248LH UT WOS:000252154300006 ER PT J AU Drake, G Kaplan, G Hall, L Hawkins, T Larue, J AF Drake, Gregory Kaplan, Greg Hall, Leslie Hawkins, Tommy Larue, Joann TI A new family of energetic ionic liquids 1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrates SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE energetic; ionic liquids; N-aminotriazoles; nitrates; X-ray structure ID ALKALI-METAL NITRATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; AZOLIUM SALTS; 1,2,3-TRIAZOLIUM SALTS; SPECTRA; 1,2,4-TRIAZOLES; REARRANGEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new class of energetic ionic liquids based upon 1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrates (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propenyl, and n-butyl) has been synthesized and characterized by vibrational spectra, multinuclear NMR, elemental as well as contaminant analyses, and DSC studies. A single crystal X-ray study was carried out for 1-amino-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate and the details will be presented. C1 George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Prop Res Ctr, ER22, Huntsville, AL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Space & Missile Div,PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Drake, G (reprint author), George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Prop Res Ctr, ER22, Huntsville, AL USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10870-005-9021-0 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 126RN UT WOS:000243532800002 ER PT J AU Wilcox, EM Donner, LJ AF Wilcox, Eric M. Donner, Leo J. TI The frequency of extreme rain events in satellite rain-rate estimates and an atmospheric general circulation model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL ENVIRONMENT; CONVECTIVE QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SECULAR TRENDS; CLIMATE MODELS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION AB The frequency distributions of surface rain rate are evaluated in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations and the NOAA/GFDL global atmosphere model version 2 (AM2). Instantaneous satellite rain-rate observations averaged over the 2.5 degrees latitude x 2 degrees longitude model grid are shown to be representative of the half-hour rain rate from single time steps simulated by the model. Rain-rate events exceeding 10 mm h(-1) are observed by satellites in most regions, with 1 mm h(-1) events occurring more than two orders of magnitude more frequently than 10 mm h(-1) events. A model simulation using the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS) formulation of cumulus convection exhibits a strong bias toward many more light rain events compared to the observations and far too few heavy rain events. A simulation using an alternative convection scheme, which includes an explicit representation of mesoscale circulations and an alternative formulation of the closure, exhibits, among other differences, an order of magnitude more tropical rain events above the 5 mm h(-1) rate compared to the RAS simulation. This simulation demonstrates that global atmospheric models can be made to produce heavy rain events, in some cases even exceeding the observed frequency of such events. Additional simulations reveal that the frequency distribution of the surface rain rate in the GCM is shaped by a variety of components within the convection parameterization, including the closure, convective triggers, the spectrum of convective and mesoscale clouds, and other parameters whose physical basis is currently only understood to a limited extent. Furthermore, these components interact nonlinearly such that the sensitivity of the rain-rate distribution to the formulation of one component may depend on the formulation of the others. Two simulations using different convection parameterizations are performed using perturbed sea surface temperatures as a surrogate for greenhouse gas-forced climate warming. Changes in the frequency of rain events greater than 2 mm h(-1) associated with changing the convection scheme in the model are greater than the changes in the frequency of heavy rain events associated with a 2-K warming using either model. Thus, uncertainty persists with respect to simulating intensity distributions for precipitation and projecting their future changes. Improving the representation of the frequency distribution of rain rates will rely on refinements in the formulation of cumulus closure and the other components of convection schemes, and greater certainty in predictions of future changes in both total rainfall and in rain-rate distributions will require additional refinements in those parameterizations that determine the cloud and water vapor feedbacks. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wilcox, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM eric.m.wilcox@nasa.gov NR 31 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 DI 10.1175/JCLI3987.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125EJ UT WOS:000243424600004 ER PT J AU Saphores, JDM Nixon, H Ogunseitan, OA Shapiro, AA AF Saphores, Jean-Daniel M. Nixon, Hilary Ogunseitan, Oladele A. Shapiro, Andrew A. TI California households' willingness to pay for 'green' electronics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; ORGANIC FOOD; PUBLIC-GOODS; CONSUMERS; ELECTRICITY; PREFERENCES; WASTE; PARTICIPATION; PRODUCTS; BEHAVIOR AB Concerns about rapid increases in the volume of electronic waste (e-waste) and its potential toxicity have sharpened policy makers' interest for extended producer responsibility to encourage manufacturers of consumer electronic devices (CEDs) to 'design for the environment'. This paper examines consumer willingness to pay for 'green' electronics based on a 2004 mail survey of California households. Using ordered logit models, it was found that significant predictors of willingness to pay for 'greener' computers and cell phones include age, income, education, beliefs about the role of government for improving environmental quality, as well as environmental attitudes and behaviors, but neither gender nor political affiliation. Although most respondents are willing to pay only a 1% premium for 'greener' CEDs, innovation and EU directives may soon make them competitive with conventional CEDs. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Policy & Design & Econ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Social Ecol, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Policy, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Dept Enterprise Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Saphores, JDM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Policy & Design & Econ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM saphores@uci.edu OI Ogunseitan, Oladele/0000-0003-1317-6219 NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0964-0568 J9 J ENVIRON PLANN MAN JI J. Environ. Plan. Manag. PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.1080/09640560601048549 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 203CU UT WOS:000248953500006 ER PT J AU Chen, B Ng, HT Chen, CL AF Chen, Bin Ng, Hou Tee Chen, Chonglin TI Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy investigations of ZnO nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nanotech 2006 Conference CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP NSTI DE photoluminescence spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; thin films; zinc oxide nanostructures ID NANOWIRES; FILMS AB We discuss Raman and photoluminescence (PL) studies of ZnO in solid, thin film and nanowire samples. Resonant laser excitations ranging from near-infrared to ultraviolet are used in order to observe and analyse ZnO nanostructures. The changes of optical emission and electronic bandgap response to the vibration modes are studied simultaneously by PL and Raman spectroscopy. Both Raman and PL spectroscopy analyses of nanostructure, electronic bandgaps and photo-emission demonstrate that nanostructure geometry, including its aspect ratio, and phonon-electron interactions play important roles in polar semiconductor structures such as ZnO. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM bchen@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-8080 J9 J EXP NANOSCI JI J. Exp. Nanosci. PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1080/17458080601013512 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 234SF UT WOS:000251183300005 ER PT J AU Bindschadler, R Choi, H AF Bindschadler, Robert Choi, Hyeungu TI Increased water storage at ice-stream onsets: a critical mechanism? SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST ANTARCTICA; BASAL MECHANICS; SURFACE; GLACIERS; BALANCE; MODEL AB The interdependence of rapid ice flow, surface topography and the spatial distribution of subglacial water are examined by linking existing theories. The motivation is to investigate whether the acceleration of an ice-stream tributary contains a positive feedback that encourages the retention of subglacial water that leads to faster flow. Periodically varying surface and bed topographies are related through a linear ice-flow perturbation theory for various values of mean surface slope, perturbation amplitude and basal sliding speeds. The topographic variations lead to a periodic variation in hydraulic potential that is used to infer the tendency for subglacial water to be retained in local hydraulic potential minima. If water retention leads to enhanced basal sliding, a positive feedback loop is closed that could explain the transition from slower tributary flow to faster-streaming flow and the sustained downstream acceleration along the tributary-ice-stream system. A sensitivity study illustrates that the same range of topographic wavelengths most effectively transmitted from the bed to the surface also strongly influences the behavior of subglacial water. A lubrication index is defined to qualitatively measure the heterogeneity of the subglacial hydrologic system. Application of this index to field data shows that the transition from tributary to ice stream closely agrees with the location where subglacial water may be first stored. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SAIC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bindschadler, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.a.bindschadler@nasa.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2007 VL 53 IS 181 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.3189/172756507782202793 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 190QH UT WOS:000248073500001 ER PT J AU Li, W Peng, JM AF Li, Wu Peng, Jiming TI Exact penalty functions for constrained minimization problems via regularized gap function for variational inequalities SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article ID QUADRATIC PROGRAMS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB By using the regularized gap function for variational inequalities, we introduce a new penalty function P-alpha(x) for the problem of minimizing a twice continuously differentiable function in a closed convex subset of the n-dimensional space R-n. Under certain assumptions, it is shown that any stationary point of the penalty function P-alpha( x) satisfies the first-order optimality condition of the original constrained minimization problem, and any local ( or global) minimizer of P-alpha(x) on R-n is a locally ( or globally) optimal solution of the original optimization problem. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Comp & Software, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. RP Li, W (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Anal Branch, Mail Stop 442, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM w.li@nasa.gov; pengj@mcmaster.ca NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5001 J9 J GLOBAL OPTIM JI J. Glob. Optim. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s10898-006-9038-8 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 112FF UT WOS:000242510400007 ER PT J AU Crassidis, JL Markley, FL Cheng, Y AF Crassidis, John L. Markley, F. Landis Cheng, Yang TI Survey of nonlinear attitude estimation methods SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Review ID SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE; VECTOR OBSERVATIONS; KALMAN FILTER; QUATERNION ESTIMATION; RODRIGUES PARAMETERS; SEQUENTIAL ATTITUDE; STATE ESTIMATION; SYSTEMS; REPRESENTATIONS; IDENTIFICATION C1 SUNY Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Crassidis, JL (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. NR 121 TC 333 Z9 363 U1 9 U2 53 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 12 EP 28 DI 10.2514/1.22452 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600001 ER PT J AU Thienel, JK Sanner, RM AF Thienel, Julie K. Sanner, Robert M. TI Hubble Space Telescope angular velocity estimation during the robotic servicing mission SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA ID OBSERVER AB In 2004 NASA began investigation of a robotic servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope. Such a mission would require estimates of the Hubble Space Telescope attitude and rates to achieve a capture by the proposed Hubble Robotic Vehicle. The Hubble Robotic Vehicle was to be equipped with vision-based sensors, capable of estimating the relative attitude between the Hubble Space Telescope and the Hubble Robotic Vehicle. The inertial Hubble Space Telescope attitude is derived from the measured relative attitude and the Hubble Robotic Vehicle computed inertial attitude. However, the relative rate between the Hubble Space Telescope and Hubble Robotic Vehicle cannot be measured directly. Therefore, the Hubble Space Telescope rate with respect to inertial space is not known. A nonlinear approach is developed to estimate the Hubble Space Telescope rates through an estimation of the inertial angular momentum. The development includes an analysis of the estimator stability given errors in the measured attitude. Simulation test results are given, including scenarios with erroneous measured attitudes. Even though the development began as an application for the Hubble Space Telescope robotic servicing mission, the method presented is applicable to any rendezvous-capture mission involving a noncooperative target spacecraft. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Thienel, JK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM thienel@usna.edu; rmsanner@eng.umd.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.2514/1.20591 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600002 ER PT J AU Lara, M Russell, R AF Lara, Martin Russell, Ryan TI Computation of a science orbit about Europa SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 16th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SATELLITES C1 Real Observ Armada, San Fernando 11110, Spain. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Navigat & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lara, M (reprint author), Real Observ Armada, San Fernando 11110, Spain. EM mlara@roa.es; Ryan.Russell@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lara, Martin/L-6291-2014 OI Lara, Martin/0000-0001-6754-916X NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.2514/1.22493 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600026 ER PT J AU Bar-Itzhack, IY Thienel, JK AF Bar-Itzhack, Itzhack Y. Thienel, Julie K. TI Rigid body rate inference from attitude variation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bar-Itzhack, IY (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM richard.r.harman@nasa.gov; thienel@usna.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.2514/1.23955 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600030 ER PT J AU Roithmayr, CM Bajodah, AH Hodges, DH Chen, YH AF Roithmayr, Carlos M. Bajodah, Abdulrahman H. Hodges, Dewey H. Chen, Ye-Hwa TI New form of Kane's equations of motion for constrained systems (vol 26, pg 79, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Correction ID ROBOTIC SYSTEMS C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Space Mission Anal Branch, Hampton, VA USA. King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Roithmayr, CM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Space Mission Anal Branch, Mail Stop 462, Hampton, VA USA. EM c.m.roithmayr@larc.nasa.gov; abajodah@kau.edu.sa; yehwa.chen@me.gatech.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.2514/1.25714 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600032 ER PT J AU Leventis, N Vassilaras, P Fabrizio, EF Dass, A AF Leventis, Nicholas Vassilaras, Plousia Fabrizio, Eve F. Dass, Amala TI Polymer nanoencapsulated rare earth aerogels: chemically complex but stoichiometrically similar core-shell superstructures with skeletal properties of pure compounds SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINE-MODIFIED SILICA; IN-VIVO; POROUS MATERIALS; SOL; NANOARCHITECTURES; MONOLITHS; EPOXIDES; DELIVERY; FILMS AB Rare earth (RE) aerogels combine the typical high porosity of aerogels with useful electrical, magnetic, optical and catalytic properties of the skeletal framework. RE aerogels were prepared by supercritical fluid CO2 drying of wet gels, which in turn were obtained via a modification of literature procedures involving epichlorohydrine-induced gelation of ethanolic solutions of the hydrated chlorides. But even more so than their silica counterparts, RE aerogels are fragile materials. This problem is addressed by using the innate hydroxyl functionality of the mesoporous surfaces as the focal point for casting a conformal polyurethane/polyurea layer over their entire inorganic framework, thus preserving most of the mesoporosity of the native network (70% v/v after vs. 94% v/v before applying the polymer layer) and a significant portion of the mesoporous surface area ( 156 +/- 19 m(2) g(-1) after vs. 368 +/- 14 m(2) g(-1) before casting the polymer). Detailed chemical analysis shows that RE aerogels are far from pure oxides. For example, the RE metal content (Pr to Lu) is in the range of 58.0 +/- 2.3% w/w, vs. 85.4 - 87.9% in the pure oxides. RE aerogels contain also carbonate, chloride and organic products from the gelation process. Despite their chemical complexity, however, both native and polymer encapsulated RE sol - gel materials are stoichiometrically similar, and by using the magnetic susceptibility as a probe, it is found that physical properties depending on the atomic number ( AN) of the RE core element vary linearly with those of pure RE compounds. Therefore, from an applications design perspective RE sol - gel materials themselves can be treated as pure compounds. By analogy, similar types of core - shell structures and the associated benefits should be possible for all sol - gel materials. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Leventis, N (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RI Dass, Amal/A-2520-2011; Dass, Amala/H-4729-2012 OI Dass, Amala/0000-0001-6942-5451 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 15 BP 1502 EP 1508 DI 10.1039/b612625a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 153IG UT WOS:000245425000008 ER PT J AU Mcdonough, JA Persyn, JT Nino, JA Dixon, H Boland, EJ Wang, Z Putcha, L AF Mcdonough, J. A. Persyn, J. T. Nino, J. A. Dixon, H. Boland, E. J. Wang, Z. Putcha, L. TI Microcapsule-gel formulation of promethazine HCl for controlled nasal delivery: A motion sickness medication SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE nasal delivery; promethazine hydrochloride; space motion sickness; spinning disk atomization; cytotoxicity AB The current method of choice for astronauts to treat space motion sickness is an intra-muscular injection of promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ HCl) which is invasive and causes considerable local irritation and discomfort at the site of injection. Intra-nasal delivery is considered a feasible alternative route for administration of medications to treat space motion sickness. The purpose of this research is to develop a PMZ HCl formulation that can be administered intra-nasally without irritation (i.e. leukocyte infiltration) in the nasal epithelium when dosed at PMZ HCl concentrations greater than the cytotoxic limit. The biocompatibility of PMZ HCl was tested in vitro and was shown to be cytotoxic at concentrations greater than 10(-5) molar regardless of pH. A controlled-release microencapsulated dosage formulation was developed using spinning disk atomization and release rates for the PMZ HCl microcapsules were determined in phosphate buffered saline. An animal study was conducted to determine the irritation response of rat nasal mucosa when dosed with encapsulated and nonencapsulated PMZ HCl. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Houston, TX USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Persyn, JT (reprint author), SW Res Inst, POB 28510,6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM joseph.persyn@swri.org NR 9 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1080/09687860600945628 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 165II UT WOS:000246297500001 PM 17454422 ER PT J AU Kellogg, JR Yu, N Kohel, JM Thompson, RJ Aveline, DC Maleki, L AF Kellogg, James R. Yu, Nan Kohel, James M. Thompson, Robert James Aveline, David C. Maleki, Lute TI Longitudinal coherence in cold atom interferometry SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2007 CL Snowbird, UT ID STIMULATED RAMAN TRANSITIONS AB We give experimental evidence to confirm that the coherence length of a cold atomic wave packet remains constant while the packet's overall physical size increases in time. Doppler sensitive atom interferometry allows for atoms to be prepared in a regime where de Broglie wavelengths are much more comparable to coherence lengths than in a thermal regime. Atomic wave packet interactions are a function of coherence length which is determined by the initial velocity spread of the atom wave. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yu, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nan.yu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 16-17 BP 2533 EP 2540 DI 10.1080/09500340701553030 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237GD UT WOS:000251361300023 ER PT J AU Li, C Lei, B Fan, W Zhang, DH Meyyappan, M Zhou, CW AF Li, Chao Lei, Bo Fan, Wendy Zhang, Daihua Meyyappan, M. Zhou, Chongwu TI Molecular memory based on nanowire-molecular wire heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nanowire transistors; nanowires; molecular wires; molecular memory ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NEGATIVE-DIFFERENTIAL-RESISTANCE; GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; CRYSTALLINE IN2O3 NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; OXIDE NANOWIRES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CATALYTIC GROWTH; SILICON SURFACES AB This article reviews the recent research of molecular memory based on self-assembled nanowire-molecular wire heterostructures. These devices exploit a novel concept of using redox-active molecules as charge storage flash nodes for nanowire transistors, and thus boast many advantages such as room-temperature processing and nanoscale device area. Various key elements of this technology will be reviewed, including the synthesis of the nanowires and molecular wires, and fabrication and characterization of the molecular memory devices. In particular, multilevel memory has been demonstrated using In2O3 nanowires with self-assembled Fe-bis(terpyridine) molecules, which serve to multiple the charge storage density without increasing the device size. Furthermore, in-depth studies on memory devices made with different molecules or with different functionalization techniques will be reviewed and analyzed. These devices represent a conceptual breakthrough in molecular memory and may work as building blocks for future beyond-CMOS nanoelectronic circuits. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zhou, CW (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Zhou, Chongwu/F-7483-2010 NR 108 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 138 EP 150 DI 10.1166/jnn.2007.012 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 120BG UT WOS:000243057900009 PM 17455480 ER PT J AU Cohrs, RJ Mehta, SK Gilden, DH Schmid, DS Pierson, DL AF Cohrs, Randall J. Mehta, Satish K. Gilden, Donald H. Schmid, D. Scott Pierson, Duane L. TI Subclinical reactivation and shed of infectious VZV in saliva of astranaunts SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Neurovirology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, Biogen Idec, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Drexel Univ Coll Med, Inst Mol Med & Infect Dis, Temple Univ Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Sbarro Inst Canc Res & Mol Med, Journal NeuroVirol C1 [Cohrs, Randall J.; Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol & Microbiol, Denver, CO USA. [Mehta, Satish K.] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Denver, CO USA. [Schmid, D. Scott] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schmid, D. Scott; Pierson, Duane L.] Natl VZV Lab, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2007 VL 13 SU 1 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 228SX UT WOS:000250754000064 ER PT J AU Mehta, SK Tyring, SK Gilden, DH Cohrs, RJ Leal, MJ Castro, VA Feiveson, AH Ott, CM Pierson, DL AF Mehta, Satish K. Tyring, Stephen K. Gilden, Donald H. Cohrs, Randall J. Leal, Melanie J. Castro, Victoria A. Feiveson, Alan H. Ott, C. Mark Pierson, Duane L. TI Varicella zoster virus in saliva of patients with herpes zoster SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Neurovirology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, Biogen Idec, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Drexel Univ Coll Med, Inst Mol Med & Infect Dis, Temple Univ Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Sbarro Inst Canc Res & Mol Med, Journal NeuroVirol C1 [Mehta, Satish K.; Leal, Melanie J.; Castro, Victoria A.] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Tyring, Stephen K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80309 USA. [Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Microbiol, Denver, CO 80309 USA. [Cohrs, Randall J.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Cohrs, Randall J.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Feiveson, Alan H.; Ott, C. Mark; Pierson, Duane L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2007 VL 13 SU 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 228SX UT WOS:000250754000203 ER PT J AU Wilson, J Sgondea, A Paxson, DE Rosenthal, BN AF Wilson, Jack Sgondea, Alexandru Paxson, Daniel E. Rosenthal, Bruce N. TI Parametric investigation of thrust augmentation by ejectors on a pulsed detonation tube SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 41st Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID ENGINES; VELOCITY AB A parametric investigation has been made of thrust augmentation of a 1-in.-diam pulsed detonation tube by ejectors. A set of ejectors was used which permitted variation of the ejector length, diameter, and nose radius, According to a statistical design of experiment scheme. The maximum augmentation ratios for each ejector were fitted using a polynomial response surface, from which the optimum ratios of ejector diameter to detonation tube diameter, and ejector length and nose radius to ejector diameter, were found. Thrust augmentation ratios above a factor of 2 were measured. In these tests, the pulsed detonation device was run on approximately stoichiometric air-hydrogen mixtures, at a frequency of 20 Hz. Later measurements at a frequency of 40 Hz gave lower values of thrust augmentation. Measurements of thrust augmentation as a function of ejector entrance to detonation tube exit distance showed two maxima, one with the ejector entrance upstream, and one downstream, of the detonation tube exit. A thrust augmentation of 2.5 was observed using a tapered ejector. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Wilson, J (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, ASRC, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.2514/1.19670 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131KV UT WOS:000243868600013 ER PT J AU Yoder, DA Georgiadis, NJ Wolter, JD AF Yoder, Dennis A. Georgiadis, Nicholas J. Wolter, John D. TI Quadrant analysis of a mixer-ejector nozzle for supersonic transport applications SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Yoder, DA (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.2514/1.25258 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131KV UT WOS:000243868600032 ER PT J AU Wishnow, EH Orton, GS Ozier, I Gush, HP AF Wishnow, E. H. Orton, G. S. Ozier, I. Gush, H. P. TI The distortion dipole rotational spectrum of CH(4): A low temperature far-infrared study SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE methane; dipole moment; forbidden rotational transitions; dimers; collision-induced absorption; Titan; Cassini; Giant Planets; planetary atmospheres ID GROUND VIBRONIC STATE; ROTOTRANSLATIONAL ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; GASEOUS METHANE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; R(0) LINE; BAND; MOMENT; DEPENDENCE; MOLECULES AB The perturbation-allowed distortion moment spectrum of CH(4) has been studied between 20 and 100 cm(-1) with a Fourier transform spectrometer at a temperature of 113.5 K similar to that in the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. Data were obtained at a resolution of 0.06cm(-1) and of 0.24cm(-1) with a sample gas pressure of 794 Torr using an absorption path length of 60.0 m. For each (J + I <- J), the tetrahedral fine structure was blended together into a single R(J) envelope. Six such envelopes for J = 3 - 8 were measured, the strongest having a signal-to-noise ratio similar to 80. From an intensity analysis of R(5), R(6), and R(7), the distortion dipole moment mu(D) of methane was determined to be 23.82(0.88) and 23.94(1.20),mu D from the low- and high-resolution spectra, respectively, in excellent agreement with earlier less precise intensity measurements at room temperature and the value of 24.06(0.45)mu D obtained from the Stark effect by Ozier [Ground-state electric dipole moment of methane. Phys Rev Lett 1971;27: 1329-32]. Based on these results, it is recommended that the intensities for these transitions in the HITRAN/GEISA data bases be scaled upward by a factor of 1.154. This line spectrum arising from centrifugal distortion mixing was superimposed on a broad continuum due to collision-induced translation-rotation transitions. This continuum was measured from 20-180 cm(-1) (with a gap between 100 and 120 cm(-1)), and is compared with the theoretical model of Borysow and Frommhold [Collision-induced rototranslational absorption spectra of CH(4) - CH(4) pairs at temperatures from 50 to 300 K. Ap J 1987;318:940-3] at a lower temperature and with higher absolute accuracy than previously possible. Two features near 125.6 and 157.3 cm(-1), each similar to 5 cm(-1) wide, are seen to arise from rotational transitions in CH(4)-CH(4) dimers. The study of the distortion dipole spectrum has direct application to the measurement of the CH(4): H(2) ratio and the temperature structure in the atmospheres of the Giant Planets and Titan. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ozier, I (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM iozier@phas.ubc.ca NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 102 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.06.005 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 108KV UT WOS:000242239600009 ER PT J AU Goldman, A Tipping, RH Ma, Q Boone, CD Bernath, PF Demoulin, P Hase, F Schneider, M Hannigan, JW Coffey, MT Rinsland, CP AF Goldman, A. Tipping, R. H. Ma, Q. Boone, C. D. Bernath, P. F. Demoulin, P. Hase, F. Schneider, M. Hannigan, J. W. Coffey, M. T. Rinsland, C. P. TI On the line parameters for the X-1 Sigma(+)(g) (1-0) infrared quadrupolar transitions of N-14(2) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE N-2 quadrupole lines; infrared atmospheric spectra ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; N-2; TEMPERATURES; DATABASE; PAIRS AB Re-examination of the N-14(2) X-1-Sigma(+)(g) (1-0) line parameters in the HITRAN database showed that the vibration-rotation interaction effect on the line intensities has been neglected, and that the halfwidths are not compatible with experimental and theoretical studies. New line parameters have been generated, which improve the consistency and accuracy in individual N-2 line retrievals from atmospheric spectra. Unresolved line shape issues require further studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Competency, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Goldman, A (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM agoldman@du.edu RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.05.010 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 108KV UT WOS:000242239600014 ER PT J AU Guo, X Natraj, V Feldman, DR Spurr, RJD Shia, RL Sander, SP Yung, YL AF Guo, Xin Natraj, Vijay Feldman, Daniel R. Spurr, Robert J. D. Shia, Run-Lie Sander, Stanley P. Yung, Yuk L. TI Retrieval of ozone profile from ground-based measurements with polarization: A synthetic study SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE retrieval; troposphere; ozone; polarization; scattering; aerosol ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; SCATTERING; LIGHT; UMKEHR; ERRORS AB We perform a retrieval based on optimal estimation theory to retrieve the vertical distribution of ozone from simulated spectra in the Huggins bands. The model atmosphere includes scattering by aerosol as well as Rayleigh scattering. The virtual instrument is ground-based and zenith-viewing. Using this algorithm, we show that it is possible to retrieve the ozone profile provided that the spectral resolution is at least 0.2 nm and the signal to noise ratio greater than 500. Our synthetic retrievals suggest that if we are able to measure the Stokes parameters Q, U and V with accuracy comparable to that of the intensity, the information contained in the measurements, and therefore the inversion, will improve. Furthermore, we find that the measurement of the full Stokes vector from the ground-based instrument will especially enhance the retrieval of tropospheric ozone. Utilizing concepts from information theory, our arguments are confirmed by increases in the degrees of freedom and the Shannon information content in the simulated measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Guo, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MS 150-21,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM xin@gps.caltech.edu RI Feldman, Daniel/N-8703-2013 OI Feldman, Daniel/0000-0003-3365-5233 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.05.008 PG 18 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 108KV UT WOS:000242239600015 ER PT J AU Ustinov, EA AF Ustinov, Eugene A. TI Passive remote sensing of planetary atmospheres and retrievals of atmospheric macro- and microphysical parameters SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; atmospheric weighting functions ID WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS; SCATTERING AB In two recent papers, referred to as Paper I and Paper 2 in the main text, we have pursued an idea that atmospheric weighting functions for any geophysical parameters essentially consist of two kinds of entities: weighting functions for the atmospheric radiative parameters, which directly enter the radiative transfer equation, and partial derivatives of the atmospheric radiative parameters with respect to atmospheric geophysical parameters. Corresponding analysis was performed for non-scattering and scattering planetary atmospheres for nadir-viewing geometry and thermal spectral region. In the present paper we conduct a study of the second group of above entities, the partial derivatives of atmospheric radiative parameters with respect to atmospheric geophysical parameters. Along the way, we analyze the role of radiative parameters of individual atmospheric constituents, which serve as intermediaries between the total radiative parameters of the atmosphere and its geophysical parameters. The obtained expressions, combined with radiative weighting functions, are used in the end-to-end expressions for the weighting functions obtained for various specific geophysical parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ustinov, EA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-237,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM eugene.a.ustinov@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ustinov, Eugene/D-1350-2015 OI Ustinov, Eugene/0000-0003-0227-4286 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.02.034 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 108KV UT WOS:000242239600018 ER PT J AU Natraj, V Spurr, RJD Boesch, H Jiang, YB Yung, YL AF Natraj, Vijay Spurr, Robert J. D. Boesch, Hartmut Jiang, Yibo Yung, Yuk L. TI Evaluation of errors from neglecting polarization in the forward modeling of O-2 A band measurements from space, with relevance to CO2 column retrieval from polarization-sensitive instruments SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE reflected; top of the atmosphere; intensity; polarization; errors; O-2 A band; OCO ID SOLAR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLOUD-TOP PRESSURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CIRRUS CLOUDS; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; PHASE MATRIX; ICE CRYSTALS AB Sensitivity studies have been performed to evaluate the errors resulting from ignoring polarization in analyzing spectroscopic measurements of the O-2 A band from space, using the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) as a test case. An 11-layer atmosphere, with both gas and aerosol loading, and bounded from below by a lambertian reflecting surface, was used for the study. The numerical computations were performed with a plane-parallel vectorized discrete ordinate radiative transfer code. Beam and viewing geometry, surface reflectance and aerosol loading were varied one at a time to evaluate and understand the individual errors. Different behavior was observed in the line cores and the continuum because of the different paths taken by the photons in the two cases. The errors were largest when the solar zenith angle was high, and the aerosol loading and surface reflectance low. To understand the effect of neglecting polarization on CO2 column retrievals. a linear error analysis study was performed on simulated measurements from the OCO spectral regions, viz. the 1.61 and 2.06 mu m CO2 bands and the O-2 A band. It was seen that neglecting polarization could introduce errors as high as 10 ppm.. which is substantially larger than the required retrieval precision of similar to 2 ppm. A variety of approaches, including orders of scattering, spectral binning and the use of lookup tables are being explored to reduce the errors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Natraj, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MC 150-21,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vij@its.caltech.edu RI Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 2 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.02.073 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 104SQ UT WOS:000241979800002 ER PT J AU Kan'o, M Kawata, T Ito, H Shigematsu, N Liu, CH Uno, T Isobe, K Kawakami, H Cucinotta, F George, K Kubo, A AF Kan'o, Momoe Kawata, Tetsuya Ito, Hisao Shigematsu, Naoyuki Liu, Cuihua Uno, Takashi Isobe, Kouich Kawakami, Hiroyuki Cucinotta, Francis George, Kerry Kubo, Atsushi TI Repair of potentially lethal damage in normal cells and ataxia telangiectasia cells; Consideration of non-homologous end-joining SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; INCOMPLETE EXCHANGES; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; DNA; RADIOSENSITIVITY; LYMPHOCYTES; CHECKPOINTS AB When cell lines are held in a quiescent state after irradiation, survival rates are greater than those from cells that are stimulated to grow immediately after irradiation. These differences in survival rates correspond to rates of potentially lethal damage repair. The effects of confluent holding recovery after gamma-irradiation were investigated using normal human fibroblasts (AG1522) and ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts (GM02052). Calyculin-A-induced premature chromosome condensation and fluorescent in situ hybridization were applied to study G2/M chromosomal aberrations. Survival results indicated normal capacity for PLDR in AG1522 cells but that PLDR was extremely compromised in GM02052 cells. The chromosomal aberration frequency decreased when AG1522 cells were allowed to repair for 24-h, whereas 24-hour incubation had little effect on the aberration frequency in GM02052 cells. Since the main mechanism for dsbs repair during G0/G1 phases of the cells cycle involve the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) process, our study indicates that for AG1522 cells the NHEJ repair process is more likely to induce accurate chromosome repair under quiescent GO conditions than proliferating G1 phase, while in GM02052 cells the fidelity of NHEJ is similarly defective at either cell cycle phase. Reduced fidelity of NHEJ may be responsible for PLDR defect and its hyper-radiosensitivity in A-T cells. C1 Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Chuo Ku, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Keio Univ, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Radiat Biophys Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kawata, T (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Chuo Ku, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 2608670, Japan. EM tkawata@faculty.chiba-u.jp RI Shigematsu, Naoyuki/B-9374-2014 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1269/jrr.0642 PG 8 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 145FX UT WOS:000244851800005 PM 17132914 ER PT J AU Ghoshal, A Martin, WN Schulz, MJ Chattopadhyay, A Prosser, WH Kim, HS AF Ghoshal, A. Martin, W. N. Schulz, M. J. Chattopadhyay, A. Prosser, W. H. Kim, H. S. TI Health monitoring of composite plates using acoustic wave propagation, continuous sensors and wavelet analysis SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE health monitoring; active wave propagation; distributed sensor ID PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS AB Health monitoring of aerospace structures can be done passively by listening for acoustic waves generated by cracks, impact damage and delaminations, or actively by propagating diagnostic stress waves and interpreting the parameters that characterize the wave travel. This paper investigates modeling of flexural wave propagation in a plate and the design of sensors to detect damage in plates based on stress wave parameters. To increase understanding of the actual physical process of wave propagation, a simple model is developed to simulate wave propagation in a plate with boundaries. The waves can be simulated by applied forces and moments in the model either to represent passive damage growth or active wave generation using piezoceramic actuators. For active wave generation, the model considers a piezoceramic patch bonded perfectly to a quasi-isotropic glass-epoxy composite plate. Distributed sensors are used on the plate and are modeled as being constructed using active fiber composite and piezoceramic materials. For active wave generation, a moment impulse is generated by the actuation of a piezoceramic patch. The waves generated from the patch are detected by the distributed sensor. For passive sensing of acoustic waves, a step function is used to simulate an acoustic emission from a propagating damage. The resulting acoustic wave is measured by the distributed sensor and produces microstrains in the sensor nodes. The strains produce a single voltage signal output from the distributed sensor. Computational simulations and animations of acoustic wave propagation in a plate are discussed in the article. A new method to locate the source of an acoustic emission using the timehistory of the dominant lower frequency components of the flexural wave mode detected by continuous sensors is also presented. C1 United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. RP Ghoshal, A (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM anindo_ghoshal@yahoo.com RI Kim, Heung Soo /F-6611-2011 OI Kim, Heung Soo /0000-0001-7057-5174 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1177/0731684407069965 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 127WA UT WOS:000243615800008 ER PT J AU Abumeri, GH Chamis, CC AF Abumeri, Galib H. Chamis, Christos C. TI Non-deterministic tailoring of advanced composite structures SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE structural analysis; non-deterministic optimization; composite structures; structural reliability AB The probability of survival of a uniformly loaded CMC flange is maximized in the presence of uncertainties in the material properties, fabrication process variables, and loading. The effects of uncertainties in primitive variables on the structural response behavior are quantified. The probabilistic optimization is performed by coupling structural optimization with composite mechanics, finite element analysis, and probabilistic methods. It is demonstrated that probabilistic sensitivities can be used to select a reduced set of design variables for optimization. The flange's first three natural frequencies are considered as behavior constraints. The probability of survival is increased by 12% at the end of the optimization process. The termination of the optimization process is dependent on the lower and upper bounds of design variables and behavior constraints. Those bounds are obtained at specified probabilities defining the optimization feasible region. The computational methodology that is presented in this paper is generic and can be applied to perform reliability and risk assessment of other types of structures. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Chamis, CC (reprint author), AlphaStar Corp, Long Beach, CA USA. EM Christos.C.Chamis@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1177/0731684407075571 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 173PU UT WOS:000246885800002 ER PT J AU Chamis, CC AF Chamis, Christos C. TI Polymer composite mechanics review - 1965 to 2006 SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Review DE micro; macro; failure criteria; structural/thermal/aerodynamic analysis; local/global impact; bucking plates/shells; progressive fracture; probabilistic design; other significant developments ID FAILURE; SHELLS AB The research and development in composite mechanics are reviewed from 1965 to 2006. The review covers micromechanics, macromechanics failure theories, impact resistance, structural analysis, plate and panel buckling, shell buckling, progressive fracture, containment, and probabilistic composite simulation. A few remarks are included about aerodynamic loads and a new all composite engine concept. Most of the sample cases are from the author's own research since this research covers all aspects of composites and since this avoids the permissions required by other authors when their results are included. References are cited as appropriate so that the reader can further look in any specific area. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Chamis, CC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Christos.C.Chamis@grc.nasa.gov NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 987 EP 1019 DI 10.1177/0731684407079419 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 194GX UT WOS:000248333800003 ER PT J AU Pamadi, BN Neirynck, TA Hotchko, NJ Scallion, WI Murphy, KJ Covell, PF AF Pamadi, Bandu N. Neirynck, Thomas A. Hotchko, Nathaniel J. Scallion, William I. Murphy, Kelly J. Covell, Peter F. TI Simulation and analyses of stage separation of two-stage reusable launch vehicles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/CIRA 13th International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Capua, ITALY SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Centro Italiano Ric Aerosp AB The development of methodologies, techniques, and tools for analysis and simulation of stage separation is critically needed for successful design and operation of next-generation reusable launch vehicles. As a part of this activity, the ConSep simulation tool is being developed, which is a MATLAB-based front and back end to the commercially available ADAMS solver, an industry standard package for solving multibody dynamic problems. This paper discusses the application of ConSep to the simulation and analysis of staging maneuvers of two-stage-toor-bit bimese reusable launch vehicles, one staging at Mach 3 and the other at Mach 6. The proximity and isolated aerodynamic database were assembled using available wind-tunnel test data. The effects of parametric variatibns in mass, inertia, flight path angle, and altitude from their nominal values at staging were evaluated. Monte Carlo runs were performed for Mach 3 staging to evaluate the sensitivity to uncertainties in aerodynamic. coefficients. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. George Washington Univ, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Pamadi, BN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.2514/1.17896 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000006 ER PT J AU Arnold, WA Hartman, TG McQuillen, J AF Arnold, William A. Hartman, Thomas G. McQuillen, John TI Chemical characterization and thermal stressing studies of perfluorohexane fluids for space-based applications SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BRANCHED-CHAIN PERFLUOROALKANES; PYROLYSIS; PERFLUOROISOBUTYLENE; INHALATION; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY AB Several perfluorohexane C6F14 fluids with different isomer concentrations were evaluated for use in an upcoming NASA experiment. Two commercial 'high-purity n-perfluorohexane fluids and a technical grade mixture of branched and linear isomers (FC-72 (TM)) were evaluated for exact chemical composition, impurities, and high temperature degradation (pyrolysis). Our investigation involved simulated thermal stressing under conditions likely to occur in the event of a leak within the ISS and subsequent vapor exposure to the high temperature catalyst present in its trace contaminant control subsystem. Exposure to temperatures in the temperature range of 200-450 degrees C in an inert or oxidizing atmosphere, with and without the presence of catalyst, was investigated. The most aggressive conditions studied were exposure of vapors to 450 degrees in air and in the presence of palladium catalyst. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography analyses were conducted on the samples before and after pyrolysis. The FC-72 and n-perfluorohexane samples showed no significant degradation even under the most aggressive study conditions. A potential byproduct of exposure of perfluorohexane fluids to high temperatures is the production of perfluoroisobutene, which is extremely toxic. The perfluorohexanes showed no signs of perfluoroisobutene production to an analytical detection limit of 10 parts per billion. C1 ZIN Technol Inc, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Food Technol, Cook Coll, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Arnold, WA (reprint author), ZIN Technol Inc, 2001 Aerosp Pkwy, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.2514/1.22537 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000009 ER PT J AU Albyn, KC AF Albyn, Keith C. TI Outgassing measurements combined with vacuum ultraviolet illumination of the deposited materials SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The "photolixing" of organic molecules to external spacecraft surfaces, by vacuum ultraviolet radiation, has been a long standing concern for the aerospace community. Increased rates of molecular deposition have been observed, quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalances, during several ground based simulations in which vacuum ultraviolet radiation illuminated the deposition surface. However, a common chemical process in which vacuum ultraviolet radiation is used to degrade or photolysis organic molecules suggests that "photofixing" is not a universal occurrence and that some molecules may be broken down into smaller and possibly more volatile molecules. Temperature-controlled quartz crystal microbalance measurements" quantifying the loss of deposited organic materials during vacuum ultraviolet radiation illumination of the deposition surface, suggest that some aerospace materials contribute less to spacecraft surface contamination than common outgassing measurement techniques would imply. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Environm Effects Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Albyn, KC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Environm Effects Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.2514/1.22375 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000010 ER PT J AU Greschik, G Belvin, WK AF Greschik, Gyula Belvin, W. Keith TI High-fidelity gravity offloading system for free-free vibration testing SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 46th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference/1st AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB Proposed for the high performance vibration testing of free-flying systems is the Marionette paradigm, a mechanically simple passive gravity compensation scheme characterized by low mass, little interference with specimen response, high imperfection tolerance, and compatibility with up to medium scale specimen kinematics. An introduction to this concept, theory, features, and some practicalities, is offered. The need for-and the potential of system optimization are discussed and illustrated. Possible means to generalize the basic concept to adaptive specimen geometries or to the simulation of nonuniform inertial conditions are also discussed. Hardware and numerical illustrations are presented. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Ctr Aerosp Struct, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Greschik, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Ctr Aerosp Struct, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.2514/1.21454 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000013 ER PT J AU Watson, JK Struk, PM Pettegrew, RD Downs, RS AF Watson, J. Kevin Struk, Peter M. Pettegrew, Richard D. Downs, Robert S. TI Experimental investigation of solder joint defect formation and mitigation in reduced-gravity environments SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB This paper documents a research effort on reduced-gravity soldering of plated through-hole joints. Significant increases in joint porosity and changes in external geometry were observed in joints produced in reduced gravity as compared with normal gravity. Multiple techniques for mitigating the observed increase in porosity were tried, including several combinations of flux and solder application techniques, and demoisturizing the circuit board before soldering.-Results were consistent with the hypothesis that the source of the porosity is a combination of both trapped moisture in the circuit board itself, as well as vaporized flux that is trapped in the molten solder. Other topics investigated include correlation of visual inspection results with joint porosity, pore size measurements, limited pressure effects (0.08-0.1 MPa) on the size and number of pores, and joint cooling rate. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Watson, JK (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RI Struk, Peter/M-1651-2013 OI Struk, Peter/0000-0001-8221-8369 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.2514/1.22842 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000018 ER PT J AU Jones, TC Bart-Smith, H Mikulas, M Watson, J AF Jones, Thomas C. Bart-Smith, Hilary Mikulas, Martin Watson, Judith TI Finite element modeling and analysis of large pretensioned space structures SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION AB Pretensioned structures have great potential for providing the required size, stiffness, and packaging efficiency for large deployable space structures such as radio antenna,,radar, and solar reflectors. These structures, however, are difficult to model correctly using standard numerical techniques, such as finite element analysis, and the current lack of literature on a robust modeling methodology can lead to analysis errors and wasted time. This paper details the static and dynamic behavior of pretensioned systems in their analytical forms and demonstrates how that behavior can be characterized using commercially available finite element software. This study was performed using ABAQUS Standard/CAE, but the methodology could be applied to any of the major finite element packages. A simple cable-beam system and a pretensioned truss structure are analyzed to verify the methodology and illustrate its suitability to modeling the behavior of complex pretensioned structures. This paper provides an introduction and overview to modeling and analyzing pretensioned space structures for analysts and engineers familiar with modern finite element methods. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Jones, TC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.2514/1.23116 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000019 ER PT J AU Putnam, ZR Braun, RD Rohrschneider, RR Dec, JA AF Putnam, Z. R. Braun, R. D. Rohrschneider, R. R. Dec, J. A. TI Entry system options for human return from the moon and mars SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut Astronaut ID EARTH AB Earth-entry system options for human return missions from the moon and Mars were analyzed and compared to identify trends among the configurations and trajectory options and to facilitate informed decision-making at the exploration architecture level. Entry system options included ballistic, lifting capsule, biconic, and lifting body configurations with direct-entry and aerocapture trajectories. For each configuration and trajectory option, the thermal environment, deceleration environment, crossrange and downrange performance, and entry corridor were assessed. In addition,. the feasibility of a common vehicle for lunar and Mars return was investigated. The results show that a low lift-to-drag ratio (L/D = 0.3) vehicle provides sufficient performance for both lunar and Mars. return missions while providing the following benefits: excellent packaging efficiency, low structural and thermal protection system mass fraction, ease of launch vehicle integration, and system elegance and simplicity. Numerous configuration options exist that achieve this lift-to-drag ratio. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Putnam, ZR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.2514/1.20351 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000020 ER PT J AU Jadaan, OM Nemeth, NN Segall, AE AF Jadaan, Osama M. Nemeth, Noel N. Segall, Albert E. TI Time-dependent reliability of thermally shocked SiC tubes SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE probability of failure; Weibull statistics; finite element analysis; fracture mechanics; slow crack growth; CARES/Life; tube ID CERAMIC TUBULAR COMPONENTS; FRACTURE; STRESSES AB in real world structural applications, applied thermal and mechanical loads vary with time such as in thermal shock, startup, shut down, and dynamic and vibrational settings. In addition, when a given component is subjected to transient environmental and or thermal conditions, the material properties also vary with time. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate an analytical methodology capable of predicting the transient reliability of components subjected to time-dependent thermomechanical loads taking into account the change in material response with time. Weibull parameters, slow crack growth parameters, as well as the thermal and elastic material properties are allowed to vary with time. In this approach, progressive damage due to slow crack growth is accounted for. This transient reliability capability was added to the NASA CARES/Life (ceramic analysis and reliability evaluation of structures/Life) code, which was also updated to interface with commercially available finite element analysis programs executed for transient load histories. The methodology was then used to predict the transient failure probability of thermally shocked sintered alpha silicon carbide SiC tubes quenched down from 1000 degrees C in order to demonstrate the viability of this approach and the CARES/Life code. The failure probability was computed to be 92% while the measured failure probability was found to be up to 35%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the computed failure probability is very sensitive to the magnitude of the axial and hoop thermoelastic stress distributions, with 10% reduction in the stress magnitudes yielding a computed failure probability of 55% matching the experimentally measured value. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jadaan, OM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 126NA UT WOS:000243518400011 ER PT J AU Nero, RW Feuillade, C Thompson, CH Love, RH AF Nero, R. W. Feuillade, C. Thompson, C. H. Love, R. H. TI Near-resonance scattering from arrays of artificial fish swimbladders SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SHALLOW-WATER; VOLUME; SOUND; MODEL; STRENGTHS; BUBBLES; SCHOOL AB The air-filled swimbladders of fish resonate like damped air bubbles, and are very efficient acoustic scatterers at low to mid frequencies (typically < 20 kHz). Scattering experiments were performed on an artificial "fish school" constructed from polyethylene bubbles. A mathematical model, developed to describe near-resonance backscattering from schooling fish [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 196-208 (1996)], was used to analyze the physical behavior for three different arrays of these bubbles. The measurements gave excellent agreement with the model, showing that coupled-resonance and interference effects cause the frequency response of tightly packed arrays, with spacing corresponding to the order of a body length for fish, to differ significantly from those of more dispersed arrays. As the array spacing is increased to the equivalent of several body lengths, these effects rapidly diminish. The results of this comparison demonstrate that, at low to mid frequencies, coupled resonance and interference effects are likely in schooling fish, and need to be considered in applications of underwater acoustic methods to the study of fish populations. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. BayouAcoustics, Ft Worth, TX 76179 USA. RP Nero, RW (reprint author), USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 121 IS 1 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1121/1.2382277 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 129WX UT WOS:000243761900012 PM 17297769 ER PT J AU Mark, S AF Mark, Saralyn TI From earth to mars: Sex differences and their implications for musculoskeletal health SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Meeting of the J-Robert-Gladden-Orthopaedic-Society CY JUL 06-10, 2006 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND SP J Robert Gladden Orhtopaed Soc ID BONE; BASKETBALL; INJURY; SKYLAB AB Historically, most diagnostic and treatment modalities have been based on a male model. Osteoporosis is one of the few diseases in which there has been sex-based research and treatment bias in favor of women. As such, it is not known whether treatments developed for women will be efficacious for men. Similarly, scientists are just beginning to research whether sex-based differences in musculoskeletal health exist with extended space travel. Both women and men lose muscle and bone with extended space travel, but the low numbers of female astronauts combined with a lack of discrete data make it challenging to accurately pinpoint sex-based differences. More data collection is needed to ensure that the musculoskeletal health of astronauts is better managed both on earth and in space. C1 NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Mark, S (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2007 VL 15 SU 1 BP S19 EP S21 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 210CN UT WOS:000249434400006 PM 17766784 ER PT J AU Fu, XH Wang, B Waliser, DE Tao, L AF Fu, Xiouhua Wang, Bin Waliser, Duane E. Tao, Li TI Impact of atmosphere-ocean coupling on the predictability of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; EXTENDED-RANGE PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; WESTERN PACIFIC; FORECAST SKILL; SEASONAL CYCLE; PART I AB The impact of air-sea coupling on the predictability of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISO) has been investigated with an atmosphere-ocean coupled model and its atmospheric component. From a 15-yr coupled control run, 20 MISO events are selected. A series of twin perturbation experiments have been conducted for all the selected events using both the coupled model and the atmosphere-only model. Two complementary measures are used to quantify the MISO predictability: (i) the ratio of signal-to-forecast error and (ii) the spatial anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC). In the coupled model, the MISO predictability is generally higher over the Indian sector than that over the western Pacific with a maximum of 35 days in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. Air-sea coupling significantly improves the predictability in almost the entire Asian-western Pacific region. The mean predictability of the MISO-related rainfall over its active area (10 degrees S-30 degrees N, 60 degrees-160 degrees E) reaches about 24 days in the coupled model and is about 17 days in the atmosphere-only model. This result suggests that including an interactive ocean allows the MISO predictability of an atmosphere-only model to be extended by about a week. The extended predictability is primarily due to the coupled model capturing the two-way interactions between the MISO and underlying sea surface. The MISO forces a coherent intraseasonal SST response in underlying ocean that in return exerts an external control on the future evolutions of the MISO. The break phase of the MISO is more predictable than the active phase in both the atmosphere-only model and the coupled model as revealed in the observations. Air-sea coupling appears to extend the MISO predictability uniformly regardless of the active or break phases. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Fu, XH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, IPRC, 16800 East West Rd,401 Post Bldg, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xfu@hawaii.edu NR 61 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1175/JAS3830.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126QO UT WOS:000243529900008 ER PT J AU Ratnakumar, BV Smart, MC Ewell, RC Whitcanack, LD Kindler, A Narayanan, SR Surampudi, S AF Ratnakumar, B. V. Smart, M. C. Ewell, R. C. Whitcanack, L. D. Kindler, A. Narayanan, S. R. Surampudi, S. TI Potentiostatic depassivation of lithium-sulfur dioxide batteries on Mars exploration rovers SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM ANODES; FILM AB NASA's 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have been performing exciting surface exploration studies for the past 3 years, providing conclusive evidence for the presence of past water on Mars. Although the rovers are being powered by Li-ion batteries and solar arrays, their critical entry, descent, and landing (EDL) maneuvers were successfully supported by primary lithium-sulfur dioxide batteries. These batteries exhibited voltage delay at the end of cruise, which necessitated a depassivation of these batteries prior to EDL. In the absence of conventional depassivation across a specified load, a new method of depassivation via potentiostatic discharge was employed for the mission. Several simulation tests were performed on cells, cell strings, and battery assemblies, at different potentiostatic voltages and durations to characterize the depassivation process. Effects of repassivation of the lithium anode subsequent to depassivation were also studied, mainly to establish the timeline necessary for depassivation prior to use during the EDL process. Finally, a phenomenological model was developed for the potentiostatic depassivation of Li-SO2 cells, based on dielectric properties of the surface film on Li, which gave voltage predictions in quantitative agreement with the experimental data. The laboratory results obtained were subsequently corroborated by the in-flight data received from the spacecraft. (C) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ratnakumar, BV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ratnakumar.v.bugga@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 7 BP A715 EP A724 DI 10.1149/1.2737663 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 173SE UT WOS:000246892000016 ER PT J AU West, WC Whitacre, JF Leifer, N Greenbaum, S Smart, M Bugga, R Blanco, M Narayanan, SR AF West, William C. Whitacre, Jay F. Leifer, Nicole Greenbaum, Steve Smart, Marshall Bugga, Ratnakumar Blanco, Mario Narayanan, S. R. TI Reversible intercalation of fluoride-anion receptor complexes in graphite SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; ELECTROLYTES; HF; FLUORINATION; BATTERIES; DENSITY; ENERGY; CARBON AB We have demonstrated a route to reversibly intercalate fluoride-anion receptor complexes in graphite via a nonaqueous electrochemical process. This approach may find application for a rechargeable lithium-fluoride dual-ion intercalating battery with high specific energy. The cell chemistry presented here uses graphite cathodes with LiF dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent through the aid of anion receptors. Cells have been demonstrated with reversible cathode specific capacity of approximately 80 mAh/g at discharge plateaus of upward of 4.8 V, with graphite staging of the intercalant observed via in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during charging. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and B-11 nuclear magnetic resonance studies suggest that cointercalation of the anion receptor with the fluoride occurs during charging, which likely limits the cathode specific capacity. The anion receptor type dictates the extent of graphite fluorination, and must be further optimized to realize high theoretical fluorination levels. To find these optimal anion receptors, we have designed an ab initio calculations-based scheme aimed at identifying receptors with favorable fluoride binding and release properties. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP West, WC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM William.C.West@jpl.nasa.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 12 U2 56 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 10 BP A929 EP A936 DI 10.1149/1.2759841 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 203OU UT WOS:000248984700005 ER PT J AU Howett, CJA Carlson, RW Irwin, PGJ Calcutt, SB AF Howett, Carly J. A. Carlson, Robert W. Irwin, Patrick G. J. Calcutt, Simon B. TI Optical constants of ammonium hydrosulfide ice and ammonia ice SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NH3; ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRA; METHANE; H2O AB Thin-film transmission spectra of ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) ice and ammonia (NH3) ice between 1300 and 12,000 cm(-1) were used to determine the ice's optical constants. The films were grown on a sapphire substrate, and a Fourier-transform spectrometer and a grating spectrometer were used together to record the spectra. Lambert's law was used to directly determine the imaginary component of the complex refractive indices; from this, the real component was derived using the Kramers-Kronig algorithm. It is shown that, contrary to what is expected, the optical constants determined for NH3 ice at 80 K are in good agreement with those in the cubic phase, rather than the metastable one. The phase of the NH4SH ice was observed to change from amorphous to polycrystalline as the film was annealed to 160 K. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Howett, CJA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM howett@atm.ox.ac.uk NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.24.000126 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 124DO UT WOS:000243347800018 ER PT J AU Gokcen, T AF Gokcen, Tahir TI N-2-CH4-Ar chemical kinetic-model for simulations of Titan atmospheric entry SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP AIAA ID FUTURE NASA MISSIONS; PROPELLANT COMBUSTION; EXCIMER PHOTOLYSIS; SHOCK-TUBE; DATA-BASE; ATOM; ABSORPTION; PYROLYSIS; C-2; H-2 AB A detailed chemical kinetic model for N-2-CH4-Ar mixtures is developed for nonequilibrium simulation of shock layers formed in front of probes entering Titan's atmosphere. The detailed kinetic model uses up-to-date chemical reaction mechanisms and reaction rates, and it is validated against existing shock tube experiments. A reduced kinetic model is also developed through sensitivity analysis of chemical reactions in the detailed model and reproduces the chemical kinetics of major species within the parameter space that may be encountered during Titan atmospheric entry. The reduced model, having fewer species and reactions than the detailed model, is better suited to coupled reacting computational fluid dynamics flowfield calculations. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gokcen, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.2514/1.22095 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 130OJ UT WOS:000243808600002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MC Rakoff, RW Jobe, TO Sanchez, DL Wilson, DB AF Mitchell, Martha C. Rakoff, Robert W. Jobe, Timothy O. Sanchez, Danielle L. Wilson, D. Bruce TI Thermodynamic analysis of equations of state for the monopropellant hydrazine SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NASA, White Sands Test Facil, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. RP Mitchell, MC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Jett Hall 259,MSC 3805, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Jobe, Timothy/A-7087-2012; Mitchell, Martha/A-9002-2013 OI Mitchell, Martha/0000-0003-0054-1977 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.2514/1.22798 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 130OJ UT WOS:000243808600031 ER PT J AU Kisin, ER Murray, AR Keane, MJ Shi, XC Schwegler-Berry, D Gorelik, O Arepalli, S Castranova, V Wallace, WE Kagan, VE Shvedova, AA AF Kisin, Elena R. Murray, Ashley R. Keane, Michael J. Shi, Xiao-Chun Schwegler-Berry, Diane Gorelik, Olga Arepalli, Sivaram Castranova, Vincent Wallace, William E. Kagan, Valerian E. Shvedova, Anna A. TI Single-walled carbon nanotubes: Geno- and cytotoxic effects in lung fibroblast V79 cells SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS ASSAY; PLEURAL MESOTHELIAL CELLS; AIR PARTICULATE MATTER; IN-VITRO; DNA-DAMAGE; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PULMONARY TOXICITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DIESEL EXHAUST; PARTICLES AB With the development of nanotechnology, there is a tremendous growth of the application of nanomaterials, which increases the risk of human exposure to these nanomaterials through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal penetration. Among different types of nanoparticles, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with extremely small size (1 nm in diameter) exhibit extraordinary properties and offer possibilities to create materials with astounding features. Since the release of nanoparticles in an enclosed environment is of great concern, a study of possible genotoxic effects is important. Our previous data showed that pharyngeal aspiration of SWCNT elicited pulmonary effects in C57BL/6 mice that was promoted by a robust, acute inflammatory reaction with early onset resulting in progressive interstitial fibrogenic response and the formation of granulomas. In the present study, the genotoxic potential of SWCNT was evaluated in vitro. The genotoxic effects of nanoparticles were examined using three different test systems: the comet assay and micronucleus ( MN) test in a lung fibroblast ( V79) cell line, and the Salmonella gene mutation assay in strains YG1024/YG1029. Cytotoxicity tests showed loss of viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after exposure of cells to SWCNT. Results from the comet assay demonstrated the induction of DNA damage after only 3 h of incubation with 96 mu g/cm(2) of SWCNT. The MN test indicated some but not significant micronucleus induction by SWCNT in the V79 cell line at the highest concentrations tested. With two different strains of Salmonella typhimurium, no mutations were found following SWCNT exposure. C1 NIOSH, Pathol Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. NASA JSC, GBTech Inc, Lockheed Martin Corp, Engn Directorate,Mat & Proc Branch, Houston, TX USA. NASA JSC, GBTech Inc, Nanotube Team, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Free Rad & Antioxidant Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Shvedova, AA (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol Physiol Res Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ats1@cdc.gov RI Arepalli, Sivaram/A-5372-2010 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL70755]; NIOSH CDC HHS [OH008282] NR 52 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 24 BP 2071 EP 2079 DI 10.1080/15287390701601251 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IX UT WOS:000251297700006 PM 18049996 ER PT J AU Schobeiri, MT Ozturk, B Ashpis, DE AF Schobeiri, M. T. Ozturk, B. Ashpis, David E. TI Effect of Reynolds number and periodic unsteady wake flow condition on boundary layer development, separation, and intermittency behavior along the suction surface of a low pressure turbine blade SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID HEAT-TRANSFER; TRANSITION; LAMINAR; MOTION AB The paper experimentally studies the effects of periodic unsteady wake flow and Reynolds number on boundary layer development, separation, reattachment, and the intermittency behavior along the suction surface of a low pressure turbine blade. Extensive unsteady boundary layer experiments were carried out at Reynolds numbers of 110,000 and 150,000 based on suction surface length and exit velocity. One steady and two different unsteady inlet flow conditions with the corresponding passing frequencies, wake velocities, and turbulence intensities were investigated. The analysis of the experimental data reveals details of boundary layer separation dynamics which is essential for understanding the physics of the separation phenomenon under periodic unsteady wake flow and different Reynolds numbers. To provide a complete picture of the transition process and separation dynamics, extensive intermittency analysis was conducted. Ensemble-averaged maximum and minimum intermittency functions were determined, leading to the relative intermittency function. In addition, the detailed intermittency analysis was aimed at answering the question as to whether the relative intermittency of a separated flow fulfills the universality criterion. C1 Texas A&M Univ, TPFL, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Schobeiri, MT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, TPFL, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Ashpis, David/0000-0003-4193-6174 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 92 EP 107 DI 10.1115/1.2219762 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 127UR UT WOS:000243612300010 ER PT J AU van Rooij, MPC Dang, TQ Larosiliere, LM AF van Rooij, M. P. C. Dang, T. Q. Larosiliere, L. M. TI Improving aerodynamic matching of axial compressor blading using a three-dimensional multistage inverse design method SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE inverse aerodynamic shape design; multistage turbomachinery CFD; compressor stage matching ID VISCOUS-FLOW AB Current turbomachinery design systems increasingly rely on Multistage CFD as a means to diagnose designs and assess performance potential. However design weaknesses attributed to improper stage matching are addressed using often ineffective strategies involving a costly iterative loop between blading modification, revision of design intent, and further evaluation of aerodynamic performance. A scheme is proposed herein which greatly simplifies the design point blade row matching process. It is based on a three dimensional viscous inverse method that has been extended to allow blading analysis and design in a multi-blade row environment. For computational expediency, blade row coupling is achieved through an averaging-plane approximation. To limit computational time, the inverse method was parallelized. The proposed method allows improvement of design point blade row matching by direct regulation of the circulation capacity of the blading within a multistage environment. During the design calculation, blade shapes are adjusted to account for inflow and outflow conditions while producing a prescribed pressure loading. Thus, it is computationally ensured that the intended pressure-loading distribution is consistent with the derived blading geometry operating in a multiblade row environment that accounts for certain blade row interactions. The viability of the method is demonstrated in design exercises involving the rotors of a 2.5 stage, highly loaded compressor Individually redesigned rotors display mismatching when run in the 2.5 stage, evident as a deviation from design intent. However simultaneous redesign of the rotors in their multistage environment produces the design intent, indicating that aerodynamic matching has been achieved. C1 Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NASA, USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1115/1.2372773 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 127UR UT WOS:000243612300011 ER PT J AU Clement, G Denise, P Reschke, MF Wood, SJ AF Clement, Gilles Denise, Pierre Reschke, Millard F. Wood, Scott J. TI Human ocular counter-rolling and roll tilt perception during off-vertical axis rotation after spaceflight SO JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration CY JUN 07-09, 2006 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy, NASA, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, European Space Technol Ctr DE human; ocular torsion; tilt perception; adaptation; microgravity ID TORSIONAL EYE-MOVEMENTS; SPATIAL ORIENTATION; LINEAR ACCELERATION; VESTIBULAR EXPERIMENTS; SPACELAB-1 MISSION; MOTION PERCEPTION; OTOLITH FUNCTION; WATER IMMERSION; SMALL ANGLES; GRAVITY AB Ocular counter-rolling (OCR) induced by whole body tilt in roll has been explored after spaceflight as an indicator of the adaptation of the otolith function to microgravity. It has been claimed that the overall pattern of OCR responses during static body tilt after spaceflight is indicative of a decreased role of the otolith function, but the results of these studies have not been consistent, mostly due to large variations in the OCR within and across individuals. By contrast with static head tilt, off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) presents the advantage of generating a sinusoidal modulation of OCR, allowing averaged measurements over several cycles, thus improving measurement accuracy. Accordingly, OCR and the sense of roll tilt were evaluated in seven astronauts before and after spaceflight during OVAR at 45 degrees/s in darkness at two angles of tilt (10 degrees and 20 degrees). There was no significant difference in OCR during OVAR immediately after landing compared to preflight. However, the amplitude of the perceived roll tilt during OVAR was significantly larger immediately postflight, and then returned to control values in the following days. Since the OCR response is predominantly attributed to the shearing force exerted on the utricular macula, the absence of change in OCR postflight suggests that the peripheral otolith organs function normally after short-term spaceflight. However, the increased sense of roll tilt indicates an adaptation in the central processing of gravitational input, presumably related to a re-weighting of the internal representation of gravitational vertical as a result of adaptation to microgravity. C1 [Clement, Gilles] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Rech Cerveau & Cognit, Fac Med Rangueil,UMR 5549, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Denise, Pierre] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France. [Reschke, Millard F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wood, Scott J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Clement, G (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Rech Cerveau & Cognit, Fac Med Rangueil,UMR 5549, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM gilles.clement@cerco.ups-tlse.fr RI Denise, Pierre/E-2174-2011 OI Denise, Pierre/0000-0002-9049-7692 NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4271 J9 J VESTIBUL RES-EQUIL JI J. Vestib. Res.-Equilib. Orientat. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5-6 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 332MD UT WOS:000258086200002 PM 18626132 ER PT J AU Watson, AB AF Watson, Andrew B. TI The numbering of things SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Editorial Material DE pagination; page number; doi C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 AR i DI 10.1167/7.1.i PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 203ZL UT WOS:000249012500001 ER PT J AU Watson, AB AF Watson, Andrew B. TI Measuring demand for online articles at the Journal of Vision SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Editorial Material DE citation analysis; download; web log; web analytics; web metrics; demand Factor; impact factor C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 AR i DI 10.1167/7.7.i PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 240UZ UT WOS:000251615000001 ER PT B AU Castano, R Wagstaff, KL Chien, S Stough, TM Tang, BY AF Castano, Rebecca Wagstaff, Kiri L. Chien, Steve Stough, Timothy M. Tang, Benyang BE Berkhin, P Caruana, R Wu, X Gaffney, S TI On-board Analysis of Uncalibrated Data for a Spacecraft at Mars SO KDD-2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ACM SIGKDD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining CY AUG 12-15, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP ACM SIGKDD, ACM SIGMOD DE on-board data mining; real-time data analysis; resource-constrained computing; lessons learned AB Analyzing data on-board a spacecraft as it is collected enables several advanced spacecraft capabilities, such as prioritizing observations to make the best use of limited bandwidth and reacting to dynamic events as they happen. In this paper, we describe how we addressed the unique challenges associated with on-board mining of data as it is collected: uncalibrated data, noisy observations, and severe limitations on computational and memory resources. The goal of this effort, which falls into the emerging application area of spacecraft-based data mining, was to study three specific science phenomena on Mars. Following previous work that used a linear support vector machine (SVM) on-board the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) spacecraft, we developed three data mining techniques for use on-board the Mars Odyssey spacecraft. These methods range from simple thresholding to state-of-the-art reduced-set SVM technology. We tested these algorithms on archived data in a flight software testbed. We also describe a significant, serendipitous science discovery of this data mining effort: the confirmation of a water ice annulus around the north polar cap of Mars. We conclude with a discussion on lessons learned in developing algorithms for use on-board a spacecraft. C1 [Castano, Rebecca; Wagstaff, Kiri L.; Chien, Steve; Stough, Timothy M.; Tang, Benyang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Castano, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rebecca.castano@jpl.nasa.gov; kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov; steve.chien@jpl.nasa.gov; timothy.stough@jpl.nasa.gov; benyang.tang@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-609-7 PY 2007 BP 922 EP 930 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJK16 UT WOS:000266628300094 ER PT S AU Wagstaff, KL AF Wagstaff, Kiri L. BE Dzeroski, S Struyf, J TI Value, cost, and sharing: Open issues in constrained clustering SO KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN INDUCTIVE DATABASES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Inductive Databases CY SEP 18, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY ID ALGORITHMS AB Clustering is an important tool for data mining, since it can identify major patterns or trends without any supervision (labeled data). Over the past five years, semi-supervised (constrained) clustering methods have become very popular. These methods began with incorporating pairwise constraints and have developed into more general methods that can learn appropriate distance metrics. However, several important open questions have arisen about which constraints are most useful, how they can be actively acquired, and when and how they should be propagated to neighboring points. This position paper describes these open questions and suggests future directions for constrained clustering research. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wagstaff, KL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 126-347,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75548-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4747 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHE86 UT WOS:000252576100001 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N AF Gopalswamy, Nat BE Hasan, SS Banerjee, D TI Energetic phenomena on the Sun SO KODAI SCHOOL ON SOLAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Kodai School on Solar Physics CY DEC 10-22, 2006 CL Kodaikanal, INDIA SP Indian Inst Astrophys DE flares; coronal mass ejections; solar energetic particles; solar wind; space weather ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; II RADIO-BURSTS; PARTICLE EVENTS; SOLAR-FLARES; FLUX-ROPE; PROMINENCE ERUPTION; 1-AU ARRIVAL; X-RAY; TRANSIENT; MODEL AB Solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar energetic particles (SEPs), and fast solar wind represent the energetic phenomena on the Sun. Flares and CMEs originate from closed magnetic field structures on the Sun typically found in active regions and quiescent filament regions. On the other hand, fast solar wind originates from open field regions on the Sun, identified as coronal holes. Energetic particles are associated with flares, CMEs, and fast solar wind, but the ones associated with CMEs are the most intense. The energetic phenomena have important consequences in the heliosphere and contribute significantly to adverse space weather. This paper provides an over view of the energetic phenomena on the Sun including their origin interplanetary propagation and space weather consequences. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0429-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 919 BP 275 EP 313 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGM35 UT WOS:000248438800010 ER PT J AU Willis, PA Hunt, BD White, VE Lee, MC Ikeda, M Bae, S Pelletier, MJ Grunthaner, FJ AF Willis, Peter A. Hunt, Brian D. White, Victor E. Lee, Michael C. Ikeda, Michael Bae, Sam Pelletier, Michael J. Grunthaner, Frank J. TI Monolithic Teflon (R) membrane valves and pumps for harsh chemical and low-temperature use SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES AB Microfluidic diaphragm valves and pumps capable of surviving conditions required for unmanned spaceflight applications have been developed. The Pasteur payload of the European ExoMars Rover is expected to experience temperatures ranging between 2100 degrees C and + 50 degrees C during its transit to Mars and on the Martian surface. As such, the Urey instrument package, which contains at its core a lab- on-a-chip capillary electrophoresis analysis system first demonstrated by Mathies et al., requires valving and pumping systems that are robust under these conditions before and after exposure to liquid samples, which are to be analyzed for chemical signatures of past or present living processes. The microfluidic system developed to meet this requirement uses membranes consisting of Teflon (R) and Teflon (R) AF as a deformable material in the valve seat region between etched Borofloat glass wafers. Pneumatic pressure and vacuum, delivered via off-chip solenoid valves, are used to actuate individual on-chip valves. Valve sealing properties of Teflon (R) diaphragm valves, as well as pumping properties from collections of valves, are characterized. Secondary processing for embossing the membrane against the valve seats after fabrication is performed to optimize single valve sealing characteristics. A variety of different material solutions are found to produce robust devices. The optimal valve system utilizes a membrane of mechanically cut Teflon (R) sandwiched between two thin spun films of Teflon (R) AF-1600 as a composite "laminated'' diaphragm. Pump rates up to 1600 nL s(-1) are achieved with pumps of this kind. These high pumping rates are possible because of the very fast response of the membranes to applied pressure, enabling extremely fast pump cycling with relatively small liquid volumes, compared to analogous diaphragm pumps. The developed technologies are robust over extremes of temperature cycling and are applicable in a wide range of chemical environments. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Willis, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM willis@jpl.nasa.gov RI Willis, Peter/I-6621-2012 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1469 EP 1474 DI 10.1039/b707892g PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 224DY UT WOS:000250428200019 PM 17960273 ER PT J AU Molcard, A Ozgokmen, TM Griffa, A Piterbarg, LI Chin, TM AF Molcard, Anne Oezgoekmen, Tamay M. Griffa, Annalisa Piterbarg, Leonid I. Chin, Toshio M. BE Griffa, A Kirwan, AD Mariano, AJ Ozgokmen, TM Rossby, T TI Lagrangian data assimilation in ocean general circulation models SO LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF COASTAL AND OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ISOPYCNIC COORDINATE MODEL; SEA-SURFACE HEIGHT; TROPICAL PACIFIC; DRIFTER DATA; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; STATISTICS; VARIABILITY C1 [Molcard, Anne] Univ Toulon & Var, LSEET, Toulon, France. [Oezgoekmen, Tamay M.; Griffa, Annalisa; Chin, Toshio M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Griffa, Annalisa] CNR, ISMAR, I-19036 La Spezia, Italy. [Piterbarg, Leonid I.] Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Chin, Toshio M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Molcard, Anne] Univ Toulon & Var, LSEET, I-19036 La Spezia, Italy. RP Molcard, A (reprint author), Univ Toulon & Var, LSEET, Toulon, France. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-87018-4 PY 2007 BP 172 EP 203 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535901.008 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535901 PG 32 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BXX26 UT WOS:000297340600008 ER PT S AU Amzajerdian, F Meadows, BL Baker, NR Bames, BW Singh, UN Kavaya, MJ AF Amzajerdian, Farzin Meadows, Byron L. Baker, Nathaniel R. Bames, Bruce W. Singh, Upendra N. Kavaya, Michael J. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Improving lifetime of quasi-CW laser diode arrays for pumping 2-micron solid state lasers - art. no. 655010 SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE laser diode array; laser diode pump; solid-state laser; lifetime; reliability; lidar; space-based laser instruments ID HIGH-POWER; FACET TEMPERATURE AB Operating high power laser diode arrays in long pulse regime of about 1 msec, which is required for pumping 2-micron thulium and holmium-based lasers, greatly limits their useful lifetime. This paper describes performance of laser diode arrays operating in long pulse mode and presents experimental data on the active region temperature and pulse-to-pulse thermal cycling that are the primary cause of their premature failure and rapid degradation. This paper will then offer a viable approach for determining the optimum design and operational parameters leading to the maximum attainable lifetime. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Amzajerdian, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6672-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6550 BP 55010 EP 55010 AR 655010 DI 10.1117/12.724777 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL48 UT WOS:000248197000026 ER PT S AU Heaps, WS AF Heaps, William S. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Progress in laser risk reduction for 1 micron lasers at GSFC - art. no. 65500Y SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB In recent years, lasers have proven themselves to be invaluable to a variety of remote sensing applications. LIDAR techniques have been used to measure atmospheric aerosols and a variety of trace species, profile winds, and develop high resolution topographical maps. Often it would be of great advantage to make these measurements from an orbiting satellite. Unfortunately, the space environment is a challenging one for the high power lasers that would enable many LIDAR missions. Optical mounts must maintain precision alignment during and after launch. Outgassing materials in the vacuum of space lead to contamination of laser optics. Electronic components and optical materials must survive the space environment, including a vacuum atmosphere, thermal cycling, and radiation exposure. Laser designs must be lightweight, compact, and energy efficient. Many LIDAR applications require frequency conversion systems that have never been designed or tested for use in space. For the last six years the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) has undertaken a program specifically directed at addressing the durability and long term reliability issues that face space-borne lasers. The effort is shared between NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. This paper is an overview of the issues facing space-borne lasers and the efforts that Goddard has been pursuing to address them. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heaps, WS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6672-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6550 BP Y5500 EP Y5500 AR 65500Y DI 10.1117/12.720340 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL48 UT WOS:000248197000025 ER PT S AU Smith, DD Chang, HR Arissian, L Diels, JC AF Smith, David D. Chang, Hongrok Arissian, L. Diels, J. C. BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH IlChenko, VS TI Dispersive elements for enhanced laser gyroscopy and cavity stabilization - art. no. 645204 SO Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE whispering gallery modes; optical resonators; optical gyroscopes; laser stabilization; dispersion ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; PROPAGATION; LIGHT; VAPOR AB We analyze the effect of a highly dispersive element placed inside a modulated optical cavity on the frequency and amplitude of the modulation to determine the conditions for cavity self-stabilization and enhanced gyroscopic sensitivity. We find an enhancement in the sensitivity of a laser gyroscope to rotation for normal dispersion, while anomalous dispersion can be used to self-stabilize an optical cavity. Our results indicate that atomic media, even coherent superpositions in multilevel atoms, are of limited use for these applications, because the amplitude and phase filters work against one another, i.e., decreasing the modulation frequency increases its amplitude and vice-versa. On the other hand, for optical resonators the dispersion reversal associated with critical coupling enables the amplitude and phase filters to work together. We find that for over-coupled resonators, the absorption and normal dispersion on-resonance increase the contrast and frequency of the beat-note, respectively, resulting in a substantial enhancement of the gyroscopic response. Under-coupled resonators can be used to stabilize the frequency of a laser cavity, but result in a concomitant increase in amplitude fluctuations. As a more ideal solution we propose the use of a variety of coupled-resonator-induced transparency that is accompanied by anomalous dispersion. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Spacecraft & Vehicle Syst Dept, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Smith, DD (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Spacecraft & Vehicle Syst Dept, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6565-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6452 BP 45204 EP 45204 AR 645204 DI 10.1117/12.698748 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGC19 UT WOS:000245978400003 ER PT S AU Matsko, AB Savchenkov, AA Ilchenko, VS Strekalov, D Maleki, L AF Matsko, Andrey B. Savchenkov, Anatoliy A. Ilchenko, Vladimir S. Strekalov, Dmitry Maleki, Lute BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH IlChenko, VS TI The maximum group delay in a resonator: an unconventional approach - art. no. 64520P SO Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE linear delay line; whispering gallery modes; slow light ID ATOMIC GAS AB We introduce a definition of group velocity for a system with a discreet spectrum and apply it to a linear resonator. We show that a positive, negative, or zero group velocity can be obtained for light propagating in the whispering gallery modes of a microspherical resonator. The associated group delay is practically independent of the ring-down time of the resonator. We demonstrate "stopped light" in an experiment with a fused silica microsphere. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Matsko, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6565-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6452 BP P4520 EP P4520 AR 64520P DI 10.1117/12.714218 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGC19 UT WOS:000245978400018 ER PT S AU Lin, Y Ilchenko, V Nadeau, J Maleki, L AF Lin, Ying Ilchenko, Vladimir Nadeau, Jay Maleki, Lute BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH IlChenko, VS TI Biochemical detection with optical whispering-gallery resonators - art. no. 64520U SO Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE microcavity; whispering-gallery modes ID MICROSPHERE RESONATORS; PROTEIN-DETECTION; MICROCAVITY; SENSORS; CAVITY; SHIFT; MODES AB We demonstrate biochemical detection based upon specific binding of untagged analytes to modified surfaces of high-Q optical microresonators with whispering-gallery (WG) modes. Extremely small absolute amounts of bound analyte, down to 0.25 fmol of streptavidin, are detected via displacement of the resonance frequencies of the WG modes. The sensitized microresonators are dry and storable, and the flow cell sensor design lends itself to cheap, expendable fabrication. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 298-100,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6565-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6452 BP U4520 EP U4520 AR 64520U DI 10.1117/12.716591 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGC19 UT WOS:000245978400020 ER PT S AU Ilchenko, VS Mohageg, M Matsko, AB Savchenkov, AA Maleki, L AF Ilchenko, Vladimir S. Mohageg, Makan Matsko, Andrey B. Savchenkov, Anatoliy A. Maleki, Lute BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH IlChenko, VS TI Efficient generation of truncated Bessel beams using cylindrical waveguides - art. no. 64520Z SO Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control IX CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE whispering gallery modes; optical beams with nonzero angular momenta; bessel beams ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; DIFFRACTION-FREE BEAMS; OPTICAL MICROSPHERE RESONATORS; NONDIFFRACTING BEAMS; LASER-BEAMS; AXICON; LIGHT; MICROCAVITIES; SCATTERING AB We propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a method for generation of beams of light possessing large angular momenta. The method utilizes cylindrical optical waveguides as well as whispering gallery mode resonators that efficiently transform a plane electromagnetic wave into truncated Bessel beams. Generation of the high order beams with well defined angular momenta is demonstrated. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ilchenko, VS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6565-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6452 BP Z4520 EP Z4520 AR 64520Z DI 10.1117/12.714219 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGC19 UT WOS:000245978400024 ER PT S AU Barnes, NP Walsh, BM Reichle, DJ AF Barnes, Norman P. Walsh, Brian M. Reichle, Donald J. BE Wood, GL Dubindkii, MA TI Line tunable visible and ultraviolet laser - art. no. 65520C SO Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orissa, FL SP SPIE DE solid state lasers; second harmonic generation; mixing; ultraviolet source AB There are many applications that require tunable lasers that operate in the visible and near ultraviolet. Among the applications are remote sensing, color displays, lithography and so forth. Although excimer lasers can operate in the near ultraviolet, they require high voltage discharges and corrosive gasses. Dye lasers can operate in the visible; however, they usually require a laser pumping. Also, many dyes degrade quickly in use and may be carcinogenic. Common solid state lasers, like Nd:YAG, operate in the near infrared rather than the visible. Fortunately, harmonics of the fundamental can be generated with nonlinear crystals. Therefore, a Nd:YAG laser at 1.064 mu m can generate 0.532 mu m second harmonic, 0.355 mu m third harmonic, as well as 0.266 mu m fourth harmonic. This additional capability merely requires the addition of 2 nonlinear crystals. What is needed is a simple method of expanding this approach to other wavelengths. A laser system was developed that utilizes a single laser and 2 nonlinear crystals and can generate a laser output that is line tunable over much of the spectrum from 0.26 to 0.67 mu m. A novel laser that simultaneously generates 2 synchronous Q-switched laser pulses at widely different wavelengths is the heart of the system. The pulses are not only synchronous but they are collinear too. Because of this, nonlinear mixing of the 2 pulses becomes as simple as second harmonic, making the entire system simple and easy to use. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Barnes, NP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, M-S 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6674-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6552 BP C5520 EP C5520 AR 65520C DI 10.1117/12.722307 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGL71 UT WOS:000248223100008 ER PT B AU Thirumalainambi, R Thompson, DE AF Thirumalainambi, Rajkumar Thompson, David E. BE Lang, C Li, X Han, Z Gay, RKL TI Gravitational wave signal identification and transformations in time-frequency domain SO LECTURE NOTES IN SIGNAL SCIENCE, INTERNET AND EDUCATION (SSIP'07/MIV'07/DIWEB'07) SE Electrical and Computer Engineering Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th WSEAS International Conference on Signal, Speech and Image Processing/7th WSEAS International Conference on Multimedia, Internet and Video Technologies/7th WSEAS International Conference on Distance Learning and Web Engineering CY SEP 15-17, 2007 CL Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Beijing Jiaotong Univ DE time frequency; chirp wave analysis; gravitational wave; spectral methods AB A gravitational wave signal carries information about an astrophysical source, a time varying quantity that has to be analyzed in the time frequency domain. There are varieties of transforms that can be applied to understand the complex evolution time-varying frequencies and chirps. This paper discusses various techniques of transforms that can be applied to various categories of this problem to identify and analyze signal, and to assess their efficacy. C1 [Thirumalainambi, Rajkumar; Thompson, David E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, PSGS, Intelligent Syst Div, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Thirumalainambi, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, PSGS, Intelligent Syst Div, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM rajkumar@mail.arc.nasa.gov; David.E.Thompson@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-960-6766-06-0 J9 ELE COM ENG PY 2007 BP 141 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHY14 UT WOS:000257380500024 ER PT S AU Gentry, B McGill, M Schwemmer, G Hardesty, M Brewer, A Wilkerson, T Atlas, R Sirota, M Lindemann, S Hovis, F AF Gentry, Bruce McGill, Matthew Schwemmer, Geary Hardesty, Michael Brewer, Alan Wilkerson, Thomas Atlas, Robert Sirota, Marcos Lindemann, Scott Hovis, Floyd BE Singh, UN TI Development of an airborne molecular direct detection Doppler lidar for tropospheric wind profiling SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring VIII CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Global measurement of tropospheric winds is a key measurement for understanding atmospheric dynamics and improving numerical weather prediction. Global wind profiles remain a high priority for the operational weather community and also for a variety of research applications including studies of the global hydrologic cycle and transport studies of aerosols and trace species. In addition to space based winds, high altitude airborne Doppler lidar systems flown on research aircraft, UAV's or other advanced sub-orbital platforms would be of great scientific benefit for studying mesoscale dynamics and storm systems such as hurricanes. The Tropospheric Wind Lidar Technology Experiment (TWiLiTE) is a three year program to advance the technology readiness level of the key technologies and subsystems of a molecular direct detection wind lidar system by validating them, at the system level, in an integrated airborne lidar system. The TWiLiTE Doppler lidar system is designed for autonomous operation on the WB57, a high altitude aircraft operated by NASA Johnson. The WB57 is capable of flying well above the mid-latitude tropopause so the downward looking lidar will measure complete profiles of the horizontal wind field through the lower stratosphere and the entire troposphere. The completed system will have the capability to profile winds in clear air from the aircraft altitude of 18 km to the surface with 250 in vertical resolution and < 3 m/s velocity accuracy. Progress in technology development and status of the instrument design will be presented. C1 [Gentry, Bruce; McGill, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gentry, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6829-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6681 BP U63 EP U68 DI 10.1117/12.739379 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGY47 UT WOS:000251355600007 ER PT S AU Kavaya, MJ Frehlich, RG AF Kavaya, Michael J. Frehlich, Rod G. BE Singh, UN TI Parameter trade studies for coherent lidar measurements of wind from space SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring VIII CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lidar; wind; coherent; laser; Earth Science; heterodyne; weather; parameter trade study AB The design of an orbiting wind profiling lidar requires selection of dozens of lidar, measurement scenario, and mission Geometry parameters; in addition to prediction of atmospheric parameters. Typical mission designs do not a thorough trade optimization of all of these parameters. We report here the integration of a recently published parameterization of coherent lidar wind velocity measurement performance with an orbiting coherent wind lidar computer simulation; and the use of these combined tools to perform some preliminary parameter trades. We use the 2006 NASA Global Wind Observing Sounder mission design as the starting point for the trades. C1 [Kavaya, Michael J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kavaya, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MC 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6829-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6681 BP U52 EP U62 DI 10.1117/12.737429 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGY47 UT WOS:000251355600006 ER PT S AU Kavaya, MJ Yu, JR Koch, GJ Amzajerdian, F Singh, UN Emmitt, GD AF Kavaya, Michael J. Yu, Jirong Koch, Grady J. Amzajerdian, Farzin Singh, Upendra N. Emmitt, G. David BE Singh, UN TI Requirements and technology advances for global wind measurement with a coherent lidar: A shrinking gap SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring VIII CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lidar; wind; coherent; laser; Earth Science; heterodyne; weather ID LASER AB Early concepts to globally measure vertical profiles of vector horizontal wind from space planned on an orbit height of 525 km, a single pulsed coherent Doppler lidar system to cover the full troposphere, and a continuously rotating telescope/scanner that mandated a vertical line of sight wind profile from each laser shot. Under these conditions system studies found that laser pulse energies of approximately 20 J at 10 Hz pulse repetition rate with a rotating telescope diameter of approximately 1.5 in was required. Further requirements to use solid state laser technology and an eyesafe wavelength led to the relatively new 2-micron solid state laser. With demonstrated pulse energies near 20 mJ at 5 Hz, and no demonstration of a rotating telescope maintaining diffraction limited performance in space, the technology gap between requirements and demonstration was formidable. Fortunately the involved scientists and engineers set out to reduce the gap, and through a combination of clever ideas and technology advances over the last 15 years, they have succeeded. This paper will detail the gap reducing factors and will present the current status. C1 [Kavaya, Michael J.; Yu, Jirong; Koch, Grady J.; Amzajerdian, Farzin; Singh, Upendra N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kavaya, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MC 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6829-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6681 BP U34 EP U41 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGY47 UT WOS:000251355600004 ER PT S AU Liu, DT Qiu, YM Wilson, DW Dubovitsky, S Forouhar, S AF Liu, Duncan T. Qiu, Yueming Wilson, Daniel W. Dubovitsky, Serge Forouhar, Siarnak BE Singh, UN TI High-reliability pump module for Non-Planar Ring Oscillator Laser SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring VIII CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NPRO laser; laser diode pump module; optical fiber array; micro lens array; reliability AB We propose and have demonstrated a prototype high-reliability pump module for pumping a Non-Planar Ring Oscillator (NPRO) laser suitable for space missions. The pump module consists of multiple fiber-coupled single-mode laser diodes and a fiber array micro-lens array based fiber combiner. The reported Single-Mode laser diode combiner laser pump module (LPM) provides a higher normalized brightness at the combined beam than multimode laser diode based LPMs. A higher brightness from the pump source is essential for efficient NPRO laser pumping and leads to higher reliability because higher efficiency requires a lower operating power for the laser diodes, which in turn increases the reliability and lifetime of the laser diodes. Single-mode laser diodes with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) stabilized wavelength permit the pump module to be operated without a thermal electric cooler (TEC) and this further improves the overall reliability of the pump module. The single-mode laser diode LPM is scalable in terms of the number of pump diodes and is capable of combining hundreds of fiber-coupled laser diodes. In the proof-of-concept demonstration, an e-beam written diffractive micro lens array, a custom fiber array, commercial 808nm single mode laser diodes, and a custom NPRO laser head are used. The reliability of the proposed LPM is discussed. C1 [Liu, Duncan T.; Qiu, Yueming; Wilson, Daniel W.; Dubovitsky, Serge; Forouhar, Siarnak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Liu, DT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6829-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6681 BP U247 EP U258 DI 10.1117/12.730898 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGY47 UT WOS:000251355600026 ER PT S AU Walsh, BM Barnes, NP AF Walsh, Brian M. Barnes, Norman P. BE Singh, UN Pappalardo, G TI A novel UV laser for lidar applications - art. no. 675004 SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing III CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE DE neodymium laser; tunable laser; ultraviolet laser; frequency conversion; non-linear optics; lidar; Nd : YAG AB A novel ultraviolet laser is demonstrated using a dual wavelength Nd:YAG oscillator, sum frequency and second harmonic process. Synchronous pulses at 1.052 and 1.319 micrometers are amplified, mixed and subsequently doubled, producing pulses at 0.293 micrometers. An attractive feature of this laser design is that it is line tunable. With a properly designed resonator, a potential of 44 possible ultraviolet laser transitions can be operated, resulting in a line tunable UV laser in the wavelength range 0.263 to 0.339 micrometers. C1 [Walsh, Brian M.; Barnes, Norman P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Walsh, BM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6908-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6750 BP 75004 EP 75004 DI 10.1117/12.737627 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHF78 UT WOS:000252771400003 ER PT S AU Burris, J Richter, D AF Burris, John Richter, Dale BE Singh, UN Pappalardo, G TI Tunable infrared radiation for atmospheric profiling - art. no. 67500E SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing III CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE DE optical parametric amplifier; nonlinear optics AB An optical parametric amplifier has been developed to generate tunable 1570 nm radiation from a 1064 nm pump at high efficiency. A micropulse Nd:YAG operating with an average power of 2 watts (10 kHz) is used to pump a PPLN crystal injection seeded by two CW distributed feedback lasers: one at 1570.824 nm and the second at 1570.973 nm. A two stage amplification process has demonstrated a conversion efficiency of similar to 28% from the pump into the signal wavelength. The 1-nanosecond signal has a measured time-averaged jitter of <40 MHz. C1 [Burris, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Burris, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6908-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6750 BP E7500 EP E7500 DI 10.1117/12.738111 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHF78 UT WOS:000252771400011 ER PT S AU Riris, H Abshire, J Allan, G Buffis, J Chen, J Kawa, S Mao, JP Krainak, M Stephen, M Sun, XL Wilson, E AF Riris, Haris Abshire, James Allan, Graham Buffis, John Chen, Jeffrey Kawa, Stephen Mao, Jian-Ping Krainak, Michael Stephen, Mark Sun, Xiaoli Wilson, Emily BE Singh, UN Pappalardo, G TI A laser sounder for measuring atmospheric trace gases from space - art. no. 67500U SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing III CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE DE remote sensing; carbon dioxide; lidar; laser sounder ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; MODULATION AB Mounting concern regarding global warming and the increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has stimulated interest in the feasibility of measuring CO2 Mixing ratios from space. Precise satellite observations with adequate spatial and temporal resolution would substantially increase our knowledge of the atmospheric CO2 distribution and allow improved modeling of the CO2 cycle. Current estimates indicate that a measurement precision of better than 1 part per million (1 ppm) will be needed in order to improve estimates of carbon uptake by land and ocean reservoirs. A 1-ppm. CO2 measurement corresponds to approximately 1 in 380 or 0.26% long-term measurement precision. This requirement imposes stringent long-term precision (stability) requirements on the instrument In this paper we discuss methods and techniques to achieve the 1-ppm precision for a space-borne lidar. C1 [Riris, Haris; Abshire, James; Buffis, John; Chen, Jeffrey; Kawa, Stephen; Krainak, Michael; Stephen, Mark; Sun, Xiaoli; Wilson, Emily] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Riris, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Allan, Graham/D-3905-2013; Wilson, Emily/C-9158-2012; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013 OI Wilson, Emily/0000-0001-5634-3713; NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6908-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6750 BP U7500 EP U7500 DI 10.1117/12.737607 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHF78 UT WOS:000252771400023 ER PT S AU Heaps, WS AF Heaps, William S. BE Singh, UN Pappalardo, G TI Measurement of carbon dioxide column via space-borne laser absorption - art. no. 67500V SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing III CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE DE greenhouse; carbon dioxide; laser; LIDAR AB In order to better understand the budget of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere it is necessary to develop a global high precision understanding of the carbon dioxide column. In order to uncover the 'missing sink" that is responsible for the large discrepancies in the budget as we presently understand it calculation has indicated that measurement accuracy on the order of 1 ppm is necessary. Because typical column average CO2 has now reached 3 80 ppm this represents a precision on the order of 25% for these column measurements. No species has ever been measured from space at such a precision. In recognition of the importance of understanding the CO2 budget in order to evaluate its impact on global warming the National Research Council in its decadal survey report to NASA recommended planning for a laser based total CO2 mapping mission in the near future. The extreme measurement accuracy requirements on this mission places very strong requirements on the laser system used for the measurement. This work presents an analysis of the characteristics necessary in a laser system used to make this measurement. Consideration is given to the temperature dependence, pressure broadening, and pressure shift of the CO2 lines themselves and how these impact the laser system characteristics Several systems for meeting these requirements that are under investigation at various institutions in the US as well as Europe will be discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heaps, WS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6908-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6750 BP V7500 EP V7500 DI 10.1117/12.746734 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHF78 UT WOS:000252771400024 ER PT J AU Pasareanu, CS Pelanek, R Visser, W AF Pasareanu, Corina S. Pelanek, Radek Visser, Willem TI PREDICATE ABSTRACTION WITH UNDER-APPROXIMATION REFINEMENT SO LOGICAL METHODS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE model checking; predicate abstraction; under-approximation; automatic abstraction refinement ID MODEL CHECKING; CTL AB We propose an abstraction-based model checking method which relies on refinement of an under-approximation of the feasible behaviors of the system under analysis. The method preserves errors to safety properties, since all analyzed behaviors are feasible by definition. The method does not require an abstract transition relation to be generated, but instead executes the concrete transitions while storing abstract versions of the concrete states, as specified by a set of abstraction predicates. For each explored transition the method checks, with the help of a theorem prover, whether there is any loss of precision introduced by abstraction. The results of these checks are used to decide termination or to refine the abstraction by generating new abstraction predicates. If the ( possibly infinite) concrete system under analysis has a finite bisimulation quotient, then the method is guaranteed to eventually explore an equivalent finite bisimilar structure. We illustrate the application of the approach for checking concurrent programs. C1 [Pasareanu, Corina S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pelanek, Radek] Masaryk Univ, CS-60177 Brno, Czech Republic. [Visser, Willem] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Pasareanu, CS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM pcorina@email.arc.nasa.gov; xpelanek@fi.muni.cz; wvisser@email.arc.nasa.gov RI Pelanek, Radek/J-3231-2013 FU Grant Agency of Czech Republic [201/07/P035]; Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic [1ET408050503] FX Partially supported by the Grant Agency of Czech Republic grant No. 201/07/P035 and by the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic grant No. 1ET408050503. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH UNIV BRAUNSCHWEIG PI BRAUNSCHWEIG PA INST THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCI, MUHLENPFORDTSTR 22-23, BRAUNSCHWEIG, 38106, GERMANY SN 1860-5974 J9 LOG METH COMPUT SCI JI Log. Meth. Comput. Sci. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 AR 5 DI 10.2168/LMCS-3(1:5)2007 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 395BL UT WOS:000262497000006 ER PT J AU Parrish, JK Bond, N Nevins, H Mantua, N Loeffel, R Peterson, WT Harvey, JT AF Parrish, Julia K. Bond, Nicholas Nevins, Hannah Mantua, Nathan Loeffel, Robert Peterson, William T. Harvey, James T. TI Beached birds and physical forcing in the California Current System SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE upwelling; seabird; common murre; Brandt's cormorant; Cassin's auklet; Rhinoceros auklet ID COASTAL OCEAN; EL-NINO; WASHINGTON COAST; PACIFIC; SEA; VARIABILITY; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; SEABIRDS; CLIMATE AB Seabirds have often been proposed as environmental indicators. Beached bird data may provide an additional data source and such data is efficacious because it can reliably be collected by volunteers. In addition to anthropogenic factors, such as oil spills, changes in the ocean-atmosphere can affect carcass beaching rate in 3 non-exclusive ways: (1) direct mortality following storms, (2) mortality via bottom-up food web processes, and (3) increase in carcass delivery due to shifts in surface water movement. We used data from 3 volunteer-based beached bird data sets collected within the California Current System (CCS) to (1) examine the level of response to anomalous ocean conditions in 2005 and (2) explore the degree to which long-term beaching patterns could be explained by one or more of our proposed mechanisms. In 2005, anomalous die-offs of Cassin's auklet Ptychorhamphus aleuticus and the rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata occurred in the winter in Monterey. By spring, anomalous die-offs of Brandt's cormorant Phalacrocorax pencillatus and the common murre Uria aalge occurred throughout the CCS. Over the longer term, increases in beaching were associated with changes in the timing and intensity of upwelling and, secondarily, with zonal winds aloft-a potential proxy of shifts in pelagic community composition. These results suggest that a bottom-up food web mechanism best explains seabird beaching, at least in the spring. Correlations of local measures of storminess to seabird beaching rates were weak to non-existent. Correlations were much stronger at the California site (8 yr) and weaker to non-existent at the Oregon site (26 yr). Collectively, these data suggest that relationships between ocean physics and beached bird response may be site specific and/or may reflect choices live birds make vis-a-vis non-breeding distribution. C1 [Parrish, Julia K.; Mantua, Nathan] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bond, Nicholas; Mantua, Nathan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nevins, Hannah; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97366 USA. RP Parrish, JK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jparrish@u.washington.edu NR 47 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.3354/meps07077 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600026 ER PT J AU Sorensen, KB Glazer, B Hannides, A Gaidos, E AF Sorensen, Ketil B. Glazer, Brian Hannides, Angelos Gaidos, Eric TI Spatial structure of the microbial community in sandy carbonate sediment SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE permeable sediment; carbonate sediment; microbial community composition; voltammetry; spatial variation ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRESH-WATER; CORAL-REEF; SP-NOV.; VOLTAMMETRIC MICROELECTRODE; PERMEABLE CARBONATE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SUBOXIC ZONE; BLACK-SEA AB The environmental conditions in permeable carbonate sands are in many ways different from those in fine-grained sediments, but little is known about how this affects the structure and composition of the microbial community. We studied the microbial community structure in relation to the geochemical zonation within a 4 m(2) patch of a sandy carbonate sediment in Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawaii. Porewater concentrations of oxygen and sulfide at depths between 15 and 52 cm were measured in situ using voltammetry, and sediment samples from 0 to 5 cm, 25 to 35 cm, and 70 to 80 cm depth were used to evaluate vertical and horizontal variation in the microbial community. Anoxic, suboxic (sulfide as well as oxygen below detection limit), or oxic conditions were measured in porewater from between 15 and 32 cm below the sediment/water interface, with no consistent depth pattern. All measurements below 32 cm indicated anoxic conditions, with sulfide concentrations ranging from <10 to about 200 mu M. The microbial community revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was homogeneous in the surface sediment, while large variations were observed at 25 to 35 cm depth, and smaller variations occurred at 70 to 80 cm depth. Richness analysis of clone libraries from each of the 3 depths indicated that the phylotype diversity was highest in the library from 25 to 35 cm depth. We suggest that the microbial community structure is correlated to local physico-chemical conditions in the sediment and that spatio-temporally heterogeneous redox conditions result in an increased microbial diversity. A monophyletic group of phylotypes that were highly divergent from any other sequences deposited in the GENBANK database was detected in the sediment. These phylotypes may represent chloroplasts or plastids associated with eukaryotes or a new lineage of Bacteria related to the Cyanobacteria. Using specific primers, members of the group were detected in sands from several coastal sites on the island of O'ahu. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, MSB, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sorensen, KB (reprint author), Teknologipk,Kongsvang Allee 29, Aarhus, Denmark. EM ketil.sorensen@nuigalway.ie RI Glazer, Brian/C-2248-2011; Hannides, Angelos/B-4724-2015 OI Hannides, Angelos/0000-0002-0588-8139 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 346 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.3354/meps06996 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 224UO UT WOS:000250472300005 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Polovina, JJ Howell, EA AF Baker, Jason D. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Howell, Evan A. TI Effect of variable oceanic productivity on the survival of an upper trophic predator, the Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE productivity; survival; time lag; Northwestern Hawaiian islands; Hawaiian monk seal ID ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; NORTH PACIFIC; BODY-SIZE; HABITAT AB The Hawaiian monk seal population is declining, and low juvenile survival due to prey limitation is believed to be a primary cause. The Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) is a large-scale oceanographic feature separating the vertically stratified, low surface chlorophyll subtropical waters and the vertically mixed, cool, high chlorophyll Transition Zone waters. The TZCF annually migrates over 1000 km in latitude, and its southern extent in winter varies. We hypothesize that when the front migrates southward, it brings colder, more productive waters into monk seal foraging habitat, thereby enhancing the prey base and consequently survival. We expect this effect will be strongest at seal populations situated farthest north and nearest the TZCF. To test this hypothesis, we explored relationships of the survival of more than 3000 monk seals during 1984-2004 to the south-ernmost latitude of the 18 degrees C isotherm (a proxy for the TZCF). We found a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between the winter position of the TZCF and survival of monk seals through 4 yr of age at the most northerly atolls. When the front remained farther north, survival was poorer. The relationship was strongest following a 1 or 2 yr lag, perhaps indicating the time required for enhanced productivity to influence the food web and improve the seals' prey base. No such relationship was found at subpopulations located farther south or among adult animals at any site. Variation in ocean productivity may mediate prey availability in monk seal foraging habitat and consequently influence juvenile survival in the northern portion of their range. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 346 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.3354/meps06968 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 224UO UT WOS:000250472300022 ER PT J AU Vitaliano, JJ Fromm, SA Packer, DB Reid, RN Pikanowski, RA AF Vitaliano, Joseph J. Fromm, Steven A. Packer, David B. Reid, Robert N. Pikanowski, Robert A. TI Recovery of benthic macrofauna from sewage sludge disposal in the New York Bight SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE benthic macrofauna; sewage sludge; ocean disposal; recovery; BACI; sediments; multidimensional scaling; marine ecosystem; New York bight ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY; SUCCESSION; PATTERNS; SHELF AB The 12-Mile Dump Site Recovery Study (12MDSRS) was a multi-year, multi- disciplinary field study to monitor the recovery of the benthic ecosystem in the inner New York (NY) Bight following termination of sewage sludge disposal in 1987. Sewage sludge had been dumped at the 12-Mile Dump Site (12MDS) for over 60 yr. In the early 1980s, the 12MDS was receiving the largest volume of sewage sludge of any dump site in the world. Monthly sampling of sediments, benthic macrofauna, and other parameters was conducted for 18 mo during phased cessation of sludge disposal and 21 mo afterward at 3 sites considered to have varying degrees of sludge influence. We used a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design in an attempt to factor out effects of background variability from the effect of termination of sludge disposal. The BACI analyses confirmed a sludge cessation effect for only some of the taxa that showed large increases in abundance after cessation. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination indicated a shift in community structure at the most contaminated site towards that at the reference sites within 21 mo post cessation. Differences observed between the Pearson & Rosenberg model and the present study appear to be related to site-specific factors in the inner NY Bight. These factors facilitated the rapid reduction of sewage sludge constituents in surficial sediments after cessation. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Vitaliano, JJ (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM joseph.vitaliano@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 342 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.3354/meps342027 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 202IR UT WOS:000248895700003 ER PT J AU Baker, JD AF Baker, Jason D. TI Post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; northern fur seal; migration; diving behavior ID DIVING BEHAVIOR; ARCTOCEPHALUS-FORSTERI; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; ELEPHANT SEALS; NEW-ZEALAND; ONTOGENY; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENTS; POPULATION; SATELLITE AB The post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands in the eastern Bering Sea was investigated using satellite-linked dive recorders deployed in November 1996 and 1997, with tracking duration ranging up to more than 6 mo. Prior to abruptly departing on the migration by early December, pups did not stray far from their natal islands. After a median travel time of 17 d, most pups transited various Aleutian Island passes, though 3 animals remained in the Bering Sea until at least late January. Pups that left the Bering Sea subsequently dispersed into a vast area of the North Pacific some 2500 km wide from the central Aleutians to the Gulf of Alaska and 1000 km from 60 to 45 degrees N. Most pups remained in offshore pelagic areas; however, 3 individuals also spent time over continental shelf waters. While the spatial dispersion and habitats used by migrating pups varied considerably, their diving behavior was remarkably consistent. All migrating pups dove largely during the night, and during evening and morning hours, but practically ceased diving during the day, suggesting they foraged on vertically migrating prey that is unattainable or too costly to reach during daytime. Dives were typically shallow and brief; 77 reached depths less than 10 m, and 81 % lasted less than 1 min. Wide dispersal presents a potential selective mechanism for differential survival, in that benefits (food availability) and risks (storms, predation, and, potentially, fishery interactions) likely vary considerably across the oceanic habitats occupied by these naive foragers on their first migration. C1 NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 341 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.3354/meps341243 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 195DI UT WOS:000248392300021 ER PT B AU Wallace, DJ AF Wallace, Debra J. BE StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Lost in space: Searching for the multiplicity of Wolf-Rayet stars SO MASSIVE STARS IN INTERACTING BINARIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Mauricie, CANADA SP Observatoire Mt Megant, Canadian Inst Theoret Phys ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY; ENIGMATIC WR46; BINARY STARS; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; PULSATOR; DISGUISE; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPANIONS AB Are all Wolf-Rayet stars multiple? While a difficult question to answer absolutely, I suggest that the path to the answer lies in searching for multiple symptoms of binarity (for example, non-thermal radio emission or dust emission). For binary systems with these markers, we can have confidence that there exists a physical relationship. Using this method, the estimated binary fraction of WR stars within the solar circle currently exceeds 54%. Given the increasing use of high-resolution observational techniques, and the corresponding likelihood of finding more distant (yet still close) companions, this percentage will likely continue to grow. As the binary fraction rises, however, it increases our need to clarify the probable role of the binary companion in the evolution of the WR star. C1 [Wallace, Debra J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Bldg 21, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wallace, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Bldg 21, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-235-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 367 BP 37 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU15 UT WOS:000250543100004 ER PT B AU Corcoran, MF Hamaguchi, K Gull, T Damineli, A Davidson, K AF Corcoran, M. F. Hamaguchi, K. Gull, T. Damineli, A. Davidson, K. BE StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI X-ray gyrations of eta Carinae, or is presence of evidence evidence of presence? SO MASSIVE STARS IN INTERACTING BINARIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Mauricie, CANADA SP Observatoire Mt Megant, Canadian Inst Theoret Phys ID VARIABILITY; STARS AB We review the properties of the variable X-ray emission from the extremely massive star eta Carinae concentrating on the last X-ray minimum, and briefly consider the possible role of a binary companion star on the observational properties of the system. C1 [Corcoran, M. F.; Hamaguchi, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LHEA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corcoran, M. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Hamaguchi, K.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Gull, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Damineli, A.; Davidson, K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Corcoran, MF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LHEA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Damineli, Augusto/D-8210-2012 OI Damineli, Augusto/0000-0002-7978-2994 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-235-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 367 BP 249 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU15 UT WOS:000250543100027 ER PT B AU Hamaguchi, K Corcoran, MF Gull, T White, NE Damineli, A Davidson, K AF Hamaguchi, K. Corcoran, M. F. Gull, T. White, N. E. Damineli, A. Davidson, K. BE StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI XMM-Newton observations of the 2003 x-ray minimum of eta carinae SO MASSIVE STARS IN INTERACTING BINARIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Mauricie, CANADA SP Observatoire Mt Megant, Canadian Inst Theoret Phys ID EMISSION AB The XMM-Newton X-ray observatory took part in the multi-wavelength observing campaign of the massive, evolved star eta Carinae in 2003 during its recent X-ray minimum. This paper reports on the results of these observations, mainly from the aspect of spectral change. Hard X-ray emission from the point source of eta Carinae was detected even during the minimum. During the minimum the observed flux above 3 keV was similar to 3x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1), which is about one percent of the flux before the minimum. Changes in the spectral shape revealed two X-ray emission components in the central point source. One component is non-variable and has relatively cool plasma of kappa T similar to 1 keV and moderate absorption, N-H similar to 5 x 10(22) cm(-2). The plasma is probably located far from the star, possibly produced by the high-speed polar wind from 77 Carinae. The other high-temperature component has kappa T similar to 5 keV and is strongly variable. This component shows an increase in the apparent column density from 5 x 10(22) cm(-2) to 2 x 10(23) cm(-2), probably originating near the heart of the binary system. These changes in NH were smaller than expected if the minimum is produced solely by an increase of hydrogen column density. The X-ray minimum seems to be dominated by a decrease of the apparent emission measure, suggesting that, the brightest part of the X-ray emitting region is completely obscured during the minimum in the form of an eclipse. A "partial covering" model might explain the residual emission seen during the minimum. C1 [Hamaguchi, K.; Corcoran, M. F.; White, N. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LHEA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hamaguchi, K.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Corcoran, M. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Gull, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Damineli, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron & Geofis, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Davidson, K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hamaguchi, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, LHEA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012; Damineli, Augusto/D-8210-2012 OI White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462; Damineli, Augusto/0000-0002-7978-2994 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-235-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 367 BP 257 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU15 UT WOS:000250543100028 ER PT B AU Gull, TR AF Gull, Theodore R. BE StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Eta carinae: HST evidence for binarity SO Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Mauricie, CANADA SP Observatoire Mt Megant, Canadian Inst Theoret Phys ID HOMUNCULUS-NEBULA; ABSORPTION; EJECTA; VARIABILITY; SPECTRUM; SHAPE AB The Luminous Blue Variable, eta Car, is immersed in material thrown out over the past 160 years. While we have considerable indirect evidence of a binary system (periodic visible-light spectroscopic changes, infrared changes in flux, and X-Ray variability), we do not yet see the secondary star directly. However, we do see changes in the central source and the nebular response to those changes that are consistent with a highly elliptical binary system with a 5.52-year period. The high spatial resolution of HST with the STIS and ACS/HRC provides considerable evidence for a hot, massive companion by revealing changes in the wind structure and the sur rounding ejecta across the time interval from the broad maximum across the 2003.5 minimum to the initial recovery of the system. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gull, TR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gull, Theodore/D-2753-2012 OI Gull, Theodore/0000-0002-6851-5380 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-235-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 367 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU15 UT WOS:000250543100029 ER PT B AU Iping, RC Sonneborn, G Kaper, L Hammerschlag-Hensberge, G AF Iping, R. C. Sonneborn, G. Kaper, L. Hammerschlag-Hensberge, G. BE StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Far ultraviolet observations of the high-mass x-ray binary 4U1700-37/HD153919 SO MASSIVE STARS IN INTERACTING BINARIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Mauricie, CANADA SP Observatoire Mt Megant, Canadian Inst Theoret Phys ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; PARAMETERS; WINDS AB The high-mass X-ray binary 4U1700-37/HD153919 has been observed with FUSE to study the effect of the X-ray source on the stellar wind of the primary. Phase-dependent changes in the wind lines have been observed, indicating the creation of an X-ray ionization zone in the stellar wind. The Xray luminosity of 4U1700-37 ionizes much of the wind and leaves a Stromgren zone. This disrupts the resonance-line acceleration of the wind in portions of the orbit, quenches the wind and stalls the mass flow. This is the so-called Hatchett-McCray effect that had been predicted for 4U1700-37, but was not previously detected. C1 [Iping, R. C.; Sonneborn, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kaper, L.; Hammerschlag-Hensberge, G.] Univ Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Iping, RC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-235-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 367 BP 459 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU15 UT WOS:000250543100049 ER PT B AU Sonneborn, G Iping, RC Massa, D Iping-Petterson, MA AF Sonneborn, G. Iping, R. C. Massa, D. Iping-Petterson, M. A. BE StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Phase-dependent changes in OVI and other stellar wind lines in SMC X-1 SO MASSIVE STARS IN INTERACTING BINARIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Mauricie, CANADA SP Observatoire Mt Megant, Canadian Inst Theoret Phys ID SMC X-1; STARS AB The high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1/Sk 160 was observed for almost one complete binary orbit (3.89 days) with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), providing spectra covering 905-1180 angstrom with a spectral resolution of 0.05 angstrom. The O VI P Cygni profile is strongly modulated by the effects of the X-ray source on the wind of the B0 I primary. O VI is absent near X-ray source conjunction and anomalously strong during and prior to X-ray source eclipse. Other stellar wind diagnostics (S IV, P V, Si IV) have strengths that are typical for a B0 supergiant in the SMC and show only small changes with orbital phase. The behavior of N V 1240 and C IV 1550 with orbital phase in archival HST spectra is similar to that of O VI. C1 [Sonneborn, G.; Iping, R. C.; Massa, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Iping-Petterson, M. A.] Roosevelt Acad, Middelburg, Netherlands. RP Sonneborn, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU FUSE GI [NNG04GK79G]; Catholic University of America FX This work was supported in part by FUSE GI grant NNG04GK79G to Catholic University of America. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-235-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 367 BP 465 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU15 UT WOS:000250543100050 ER PT S AU Gruber, A Rudolf, B Morrissey, MM Kurino, T Janowiak, J Ferraro, R Francis, R Chang, A Adler, RF AF Gruber, Arnold Rudolf, Bruno Morrissey, Mark M. Kurino, Toshiyuki Janowiak, John Ferraro, Ralph Francis, Richard Chang, Albert Adler, Robert F. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DATASET; RETRIEVAL C1 [Ferraro, Ralph] NESDIS, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, CoRP, NOAA,STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Morrissey, Mark M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kurino, Toshiyuki] JMA, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Janowiak, John] NWS, NOAA, NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Francis, Richard] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rudolf, Bruno] DWD, D-63004 Offenbach, Germany. [Francis, Richard] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Gruber, Arnold] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gruber, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, 2207 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 25 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000003 ER PT S AU Vicente, GA AF Vicente, Gilberto A. CA GES DAAC Hydrology Data Support Te BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI GLOBAL SATELLITE DATASETS: DATA AVAILABILITY FOR SCIENTISTS AND OPERATIONAL USERS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Rainfall estimation; TRMM; NASA; DAAC; satellite data; satellite products AB This article describes the global rainfall data and products collected, generated, archived and distributed by the Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) located in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). We focus on the 6-year-old Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite rainfall data and product generation and distribution by the DAAC, providing detailed information on the availability and access of other data sets and satellite products relevant for the development and validation of rainfall estimation algorithms and use. We also discuss many of the issues regarding to the rainfall data access, product generation and distribution, validation, documentation, development of standards, and intense interactions with a broad range of users. C1 [Vicente, Gilberto A.; GES DAAC Hydrology Data Support Te] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Distributed Act Arch Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Vicente, Gilberto A.] WWB, Prod Implementat Branch PIB, NOAA NESDIS SSD, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Vicente, GA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Distributed Act Arch Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000005 ER PT S AU Olson, WS Yang, S Stout, JE Grecu, M AF Olson, William S. Yang, Song Stout, John E. Grecu, Mircea BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI THE GODDARD PROFILING ALGORITHM (GPROF): DESCRIPTION AND CURRENT APPLICATIONS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS; SOUTH CHINA SEA; OCEAN C1 [Olson, William S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Olson, William S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Yang, Song; Stout, John E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yang, Song; Grecu, Mircea] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Olson, WS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 179 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000014 ER PT S AU Turk, FJ Mehta, AV AF Turk, F. Joseph Mehta, Amita V. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI TOWARD IMPROVEMENTS IN SHORT-TIME SCALE SATELLITE-DERIVED PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES USING BLENDED SATELLITE TECHNIQUES SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Passive microwave; geostationary; visible; infrared; satellite; blended; validation; gauge; NRL; TRMM; AMSR; SSM/I; precipitation; remote sensing; rainfall; rain-rate ID RAINFALL; ALGORITHMS AB This article describes a strategy for blending the intermittently spaced precipitation estimates from various passive microwave sensors onboard low-Earth orbiting meteorological satellites with the observations from rapid time-update coincident geostationary-based visible and infrared imagers. Validation datasets are presented which demonstrate the performance of the technique at 3-hourly time scales, and its capability to capture regional diurnal cycles of precipitation. C1 [Turk, F. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mehta, Amita V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mehta, Amita V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_22 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000022 ER PT S AU Huffman, GJ Adler, RF Curtis, S Bolvin, DT Nelkin, EJ AF Huffman, George J. Adler, Robert F. Curtis, Scott Bolvin, David T. Nelkin, Eric J. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI GLOBAL RAINFALL ANALYSES AT MONTHLY AND 3-H TIME SCALES SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; DATASET; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION; CLOUD C1 [Huffman, George J.; Adler, Robert F.; Bolvin, David T.; Nelkin, Eric J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huffman, George J.; Bolvin, David T.; Nelkin, Eric J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Curtis, Scott] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Huffman, GJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 291 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_23 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000023 ER PT S AU Medaglia, CM Pinori, S Adamo, C Dietrich, S Di Michele, S Fierli, F Mugnai, A Smith, EA Tripoli, GJ AF Medaglia, Carlo M. Pinori, Sabrina Adamo, Claudia Dietrich, Stefano Di Michele, Sabatino Fierli, Federico Mugnai, Alberto Smith, Eric A. Tripoli, Gregory J. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI MODEL AND SATELLITE ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEMBER 9-10, 2001 ALGERIA FLOOD SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; PRECIPITATION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; CYCLONES; SEA AB In this paper, we present the results of a numerical simulation study of the development of a devastating cyclonic storm that struck the Algerian coast on November 9-10, 2001, with over 200 mm of rainfall. The high-resolution numerical simulation of the storm suggests that the cyclone was spawned by when a filament of potential vorticity shed from an intense tropopause fold balled up into an intense local maximum, just north of Algiers. The storm developed west of a frontal occlusion, similar to the classical formation of a polar low. Similarities include: (a) the preexistence of a major trough, (b) the occlusion of the frontal cyclone, (c) the isolation of the warm core low west of the frontal fracture, and d) the growth of the warm core vortex. Strong slantwise neutral uplift over the occluded front was instrumental in producing the heavy rains that affected the city. The numerical simulation is also used to perform more accurate rainfall rate estimates based on available TMI measurements. C1 [Medaglia, Carlo M.; Pinori, Sabrina; Adamo, Claudia; Dietrich, Stefano; Di Michele, Sabatino; Fierli, Federico; Mugnai, Alberto] CNR, ISAC, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Pinori, Sabrina; Tripoli, Gregory J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Smith, Eric A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Medaglia, CM (reprint author), CNR, ISAC, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Dietrich, Stefano/C-3898-2015 OI Dietrich, Stefano/0000-0003-3808-365X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_41 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000041 ER PT S AU Tripoli, GJ Medaglia, CM Panegrossi, G Dietrich, S Mugnai, A Smith, EA AF Tripoli, Gregory J. Medaglia, Carlo M. Panegrossi, Giulia Dietrich, Stefano Mugnai, Alberto Smith, Eric A. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI MODELING MICROPHYSICAL SIGNATURES OF EXTREME EVENTS IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN TO PROVIDE A BASIS FOR DIAGNOSING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tripoli, Gregory J.; Panegrossi, Giulia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Medaglia, Carlo M.; Dietrich, Stefano; Mugnai, Alberto] CNR, ISAC, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Smith, Eric A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tripoli, GJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Panegrossi, Giulia/C-5702-2015; Dietrich, Stefano/C-3898-2015 OI Panegrossi, Giulia/0000-0002-5170-7087; Dietrich, Stefano/0000-0003-3808-365X NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 535 EP 547 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000042 ER PT S AU Liu, Z Rui, HL Teng, WL Chiu, LS Leptoukh, G Vicente, GA AF Liu, Zhong Rui, Hualan Teng, William L. Chiu, Long S. Leptoukh, Gregory Vicente, Gilberto A. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI ONLINE VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS: A NEW AVENUE TO USE SATELLITE DATA FOR WEATHER, CLIMATE, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE TRMM; precipitation; rainfall; remote sensing; visualization; rainfall analysis; flood; drought; crop monitoring; crop forecast; satellite measurement; rainfall climatology; rainfall image; ASCII rainfall data; rainfall; rain rate AB This article describes a new avenue to use satellite data for weather, climate and interdisciplinary research and applications: the TRMM Online Visualization and Analysis System (TOVAS). The system description, application examples, as well as future plans are given. C1 [Liu, Zhong; Chiu, Long S.; Leptoukh, Gregory; Vicente, Gilberto A.] George Mason Univ, CEOSR, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rui, Hualan; Teng, William L.] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Distributed Act Arch Ctr, GSFC Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Zhong; Rui, Hualan; Teng, William L.; Chiu, Long S.; Leptoukh, Gregory] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Distributed Act Arch Ctr, Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vicente, Gilberto A.] WWB, Prod Implementat Branch PIB, NOAA NESDIS SSD, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), George Mason Univ, CEOSR, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 549 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_43 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000043 ER PT S AU Smith, EA Asrar, G Furuhama, Y Ginati, A Mugnai, A Nakamura, K Adler, RF Chou, MD Desbois, M Durning, JF Entin, JK Einaudi, F Ferraro, RR Guzzi, R Houser, PR Hwang, PH Iguchi, T Joe, P Kakar, R Kaye, JA Kojima, M Kummerow, C Kuo, KS Lettenmaier, DP Levizzani, V Lu, NM Mehta, AV Morales, C Morel, P Nakazawa, T Neeck, SP Okamoto, K Oki, R Raju, G Shepherd, JM Simpson, J Sohn, BJ Stocker, EF Tao, WK Testud, J Tripoli, GJ Wood, EF Yang, S Zhang, WJ AF Smith, Eric A. Asrar, Ghassem Furuhama, Yoji Ginati, Amnon Mugnai, Alberto Nakamura, Kenji Adler, Robert F. Chou, Ming-Dah Desbois, Michel Durning, John F. Entin, Jared K. Einaudi, Franco Ferraro, Ralph R. Guzzi, Rodolfo Houser, Paul R. Hwang, Paul H. Iguchi, Toshio Joe, Paul Kakar, Ramesh Kaye, Jack A. Kojima, Masahiro Kummerow, Christian Kuo, Kwo-Sen Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Levizzani, Vincenzo Lu, Naimeng Mehta, Amita V. Morales, Carlos Morel, Pierre Nakazawa, Tetsuo Neeck, Steven P. Okamoto, Ken'ichi Oki, Riko Raju, Garudachar Shepherd, J. Marshall Simpson, Joanne Sohn, Byung-Ju Stocker, Eric F. Tao, Wei-Kuo Testud, Jacques Tripoli, Gregory J. Wood, Eric F. Yang, Song Zhang, Wenjian BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT (GPM) PROGRAM AND MISSION: AN OVERVIEW SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE NASA; JAXA; GPM; DPR; TRMM; precipitation; water; climate; forecasting; hydrology ID RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PROFILING ALGORITHM; TRMM; CLIMATE; RADAR; WATER; SYSTEM; RETRIEVAL AB The purpose of the International Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program is to develop a next-generation space-based measuring system which can fulfill the requirements for frequent, global, and accurate precipitation measurements. The associated GPM Mission is being developed as an international collaboration of space agencies, weather and hydrometeorological forecast services, research institutions, and individual scientists. The design and development of the GPM Mission is an outgrowth of valuable knowledge and published findings enabled by the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). From the TRMM experience, it was recognized that the GPM Mission must consist of a mixed nonsunsynchronous and sunsynchronous orbiting satellite constellation in order to have the capability to provide physically based retrievals on a global basis, with similar to 3-h sampling assured at any given Earth coordinate similar to 90% of the time. The heart of the GPM constellation is the Core satellite, under joint development by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), which will carry a dual frequency Ku/Ka-band precipitation radar (PR) and a high-resolution, multichannel passive microwave (PMW) rain radiometer. The core is required to serve as the calibration reference system and the fundamental microphysics probe to enable an integrated measuring system made up of additional constellation-support satellites, each carrying at a minimum some type of PMW radiometer. In this article the background, planning, design, and implementation of the GPM is described. C1 [Smith, Eric A.; Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Einaudi, Franco] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sun Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hwang, Paul H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Precipitat Measurement GPM Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Asrar, Ghassem; Entin, Jared K.; Kakar, Ramesh; Kaye, Jack A.; Neeck, Steven P.] NASA Headquarters, Div Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Furuhama, Yoji] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Furuhama, Yoji; Kojima, Masahiro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Off Space Applicat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Ginati, Amnon] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Mugnai, Alberto] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nakamura, Kenji] Nagoya Univ, Inst Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr HYARC, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Chou, Ming-Dah] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Desbois, Michel] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Guzzi, Rodolfo] Osservaz Terra, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iguchi, Toshio] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Appl Res & Stand Dept, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Joe, Paul] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kummerow, Christian] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kuo, Kwo-Sen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Caelum Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Hydrol, Wilson Ceram Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Levizzani, Vincenzo] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Lu, Naimeng] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Mehta, Amita V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, JCET UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morales, Carlos] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Morel, Pierre] Univ Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Okamoto, Ken'ichi] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Oki, Riko] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Earth Observat Res & applicat Ctr EORC, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1046023, Japan. [Raju, Garudachar] Indian Space Res Org, Bangalore 560094, Karnataka, India. [Sohn, Byung-Ju] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Testud, Jacques] Novel Initiat Meteorol & Environm Technol, Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Tripoli, Gregory J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Yang, Song] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMU, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhang, Wenjian] China Meteorol Adm, Dept Observat & Telecommun, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] George Mason Univ, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Testud, Jacques] NOVIMET SA, F-78140 Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Japan Meteorol Agcy JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Joe, Paul] Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Houser, Paul R.] Ctr Res Environm & Water CREW, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Cooperat Res Programs CoRP, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, EA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013 OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441 NR 82 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 611 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_48 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000048 ER PT S AU Mugnai, A Di Michele, S Smith, EA Baordo, F Bauer, P Bizzarri, B Joe, P Kidd, C Marzano, FS Tassa, A Testud, J Tripoli, GJ AF Mugnai, Alberto Di Michele, Sabatino Smith, Eric A. Baordo, Fabrizio Bauer, Peter Bizzarri, Bizzarro Joe, Paul Kidd, Christopher Marzano, Frank S. Tassa, Alessandra Testud, Jacques Tripoli, Gregory J. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI SNOWFALL MEASUREMENTS BY PROPOSED EUROPEAN GPM MISSION SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE EGPM; ESA; radar; precipitation; snow ID NONSPHERICAL ICE PARTICLE; INDEPENDENT SPHERES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MICROWAVE; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; SCATTERING; CLOUDS; REPRESENTATION; COLLECTION AB The European Space Agency (ESA) is currently engaged in the study of the European Global Precipitation Measurement (EGPM) Mission. This represents both a dedicated ESA mission primarily supporting research and applications in the European Community and Canada, and a contributed spacecraft element and scientific research component for the International GPM Constellation Mission. The scientific payload of the EGPM satellite consists of a multispectral, conically-scanning microwave radiometer and a 3-beam, nadir-pointing Ka-band rain radar. The radiometer operates at four window frequencies from cm to mm wavelengths (18.7, 36.5, 89.0, and 150.0 GHz), at one water vapor absorption frequency on the far wing of the 22.235 GHz H(2)O line (23.8 GHz), at four temperature sounding frequencies within 50-54 GHz on the low frequency wing of the 60 GHz molecular Oxygen complex, and at four complimentary-paired sounding frequencies in the vicinity of the strong 118.75 O(2) line. The EGPM measurements will make contributions to a number of important scientific topics vis-a-vis precipitation science and the Earth's climatically varying water cycle. In this investigation, we examine the specific contribution of the EGPM satellite to snowfall measurement. This is achieved by synthetically calculating both the radiative observations generated by the EGPM radar-radiometer instrument suite and the consequent precipitation estimates for a numerically simulated snowstorm. The storm simulation is performed by means of a time-dependent, 3-dimensional, cloud/mesoscale model using explicit multi-species microphysics. The results demonstrate that because of its unprecedented sensor/channel capacity, the EGPM mission is expected to make significant improvements in the measurement of snowfall, to extend the observed precipitation spectrum as retrieved from space, and ultimately to improve the understanding and closure of the global water cycle. C1 [Mugnai, Alberto; Di Michele, Sabatino; Baordo, Fabrizio; Bizzarri, Bizzarro; Tassa, Alessandra] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Smith, Eric A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Joe, Paul] Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Marzano, Frank S.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Tripoli, Gregory J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kidd, Christopher] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Di Michele, Sabatino; Bauer, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Res Dept, Satellite Sect, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Testud, Jacques] Novel Initiat Meteorol & Environm Technol NOVIMET, F-78140 Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Tassa, Alessandra] ESA ESRIN, SERCO DATAMAT Consortium, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Marzano, Frank S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Elect Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Mugnai, A (reprint author), CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 655 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_49 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000049 ER PT S AU Serizawa, H Katayarna, K Lewinsohn, CA Singh, M Murakawa, H AF Serizawa, Hisashi Katayarna, Kazuaki Lewinsohn, Charles A. Singh, Mrityunjay Murakawa, Hidekazu BE Nam, SW Chang, YW Lee, SB Kim, NJ TI Numerical analysis of mechanical test methods for evaluating shear strength of joint by using interface element SO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS X, PTS 1AND 2 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Metals, Korean Soc Mech Engineers DE shear strength; interface; ceramics; joining; finite element method ID COMPOSITES AB As examples of the most typical methods to determine the shear strength of SiC/SiC composite joints, the tensile test of lap joined composite and the asymmetrical four point bending test of butt joined composite were analyzed by using finite element method with the interface element. From the calculation results, it was revealed that the strength in the tensile test was strongly influenced by the residual stress as the increase of the joint layer thickness. In the case of asymmetrical bending test, it was found that the crack initiation point would move due to the residual stress and the strength was also affected by the joint layer thickness. C1 [Serizawa, Hisashi; Katayarna, Kazuaki; Murakawa, Hidekazu] Joining & Welding Res Inst, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Lewinsohn, Charles A.] Ceramatec Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Singh, Mrityunjay] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ceram Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Serizawa, H (reprint author), Joining & Welding Res Inst, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM serizawa@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp; kazuaki@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp; clewinsohn@ceramatec.com; msingh@grc.nasa.gov; murakawa@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2007 VL 345-346 BP 1489 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BGI97 UT WOS:000247370400352 ER PT S AU Salem, JA Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E Nelson, G AF Salem, Jonathan A. Radovic, Miladin Lara-Curzio, Edgar Nelson, George BE Tandon, R TI FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF THIN PLATES BY THE DOUBLE-TORSION TEST METHOD SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID CRACK-GROWTH; STRESS AB Double torsion testing can produce fracture toughness values without crack length measurement that are comparable to those measured via standardized techniques such as the chevron-notch beam, surface-crack-in-flexure and precracked beam if the appropriate geometry is employed, and the material does not exhibit increasing crack growth resistance. Results to date indicate that 8 < W/d < 80 and L/W > 2 are required if crack length is not considered in stress intensity calculations. At L/W = 2, the normalized crack length should be 0.35 < a/L < 0.65; whereas for L/W = 3, 0.2 < a/L < 0.75 is acceptable. In addition, the load-points need to roll to reduce friction. For a silicon carbide exhibiting a flat R-curve, values in good agreement with standard methods were measured. For an alumina exhibiting increasing crack growth resistance, values corresponding to the plateau of the R-curve were measured. For very thin plates (W/d > 80) small nonlinear effects were encountered. C1 [Salem, Jonathan A.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Salem, JA (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900007 ER PT S AU Halbig, MC Singh, M Shpargel, TP Kiser, JD AF Halbig, Michael C. Singh, Mrityunjay Shpargel, Tarah P. Kiser, James D. BE Tandon, R TI DIFFUSION BONDING OF SILICON CARBIDE CERAMICS USING TITANIUM INTERLAYERS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div ID THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; SILICIDES; JOINTS; TI5SI3 AB Robust joining approaches for silicon carbide ceramics are critically needed to fabricate leak free joints with high temperature mechanical capability. In this study, titanium foils and physical vapor deposited (PVD) titanium coatings were used to form diffusion bonds between SiC ceramics using hot pressing. Silicon carbide substrate materials used for bonding include sintered SiC and two types of CVD SiC. Microscopy results show the formation of well-adhered diffusion bonds. The bond strengths as determined from pull tests are on the order of several ksi. Electron microprobe results show the distribution of silicon, carbon, titanium, and other minor elements across the bonded interface. Compositions of several phases formed in the joint region were identified. Potential issues of material compatibility and optimal bond formation are also discussed. C1 [Halbig, Michael C.] USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900014 ER PT S AU Jenkins, MG Salem, JA Breder, K AF Jenkins, Michael G. Salem, Jonathan A. Breder, Kristin BE Tandon, R TI STATIC FATIGUE (SCG) MODELS AND TEST METHODS FOR DENSE CERAMICS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID CRACK-GROWTH; PROPAGATION; FRACTURE; SOLIDS; GLASS AB Long-term durability of dense ceramics in clean energy applications depends on the material's susceptibility to slow crack growth (SCG) in various environments and temperatures. Typically, the SCG behaviour is described in terms of a v-K diagram which establishes the relationship between the applied stress intensity factor, K, and the crack growth velocity, v, in a given environment. Various models have been employed to describe this v-K behaviour with varying degrees of success. For example, the power law relation is commonly applied as an average of various stages of SCG behaviour. However, other models (e.g., fracture mechanics, exponential, etc) have been employed with mixed results. In this paper, the applicability of v-K SCG models (in addition power law) is reviewed. Issues related to mathematical form of the model, a priori assumptions and predictive utility are examined. In addition, a recently approved full-consensus ASTM test method standard for determining the static fatigue behaviour and relevancy of SCG models is presented and discussed. C1 [Jenkins, Michael G.] Univ Detroit Mercy, Dept Mech Engn, 4001 W McNichols Rd, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. [Salem, Jonathan A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Breder, Kristin] Saint Gobain Abrasives, Higgins Grinding Technol Ctr, Worcester, MA 01615 USA. RP Jenkins, MG (reprint author), Univ Detroit Mercy, Dept Mech Engn, 4001 W McNichols Rd, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 543 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900053 ER PT S AU Jadaan, O Palko, J Nemeth, N Dubnisheva, A Roy, S Fleischman, A AF Jadaan, Osama Palko, Joseph Nemeth, Noel Dubnisheva, Anna Roy, Shuvo Fleischman, Aaron BE Tandon, R TI STRENGTH AND WEIBULL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYSILICON MEMBRANES FOR MEMS APPLICATIONS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID FRACTURE STRENGTH; SILICON AB Thin film polysilicon membranes are used in many MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) applications such as pressure sensors. accelerometers, and potentially drug delivery microsystems for the controlled release of pharmacological agents. The brittle nature of polysilicon makes its strength sensitive to variable surface defects and multiaxial stress states, hence necessitating a consistent probabilistic treatment to assure device reliability and durability. The Weibull and Batdorf probabilistic theories have been shown to be generally applicable at the MEMS scale for polysilicon. To apply these theories in assessing the reliability of complex MEMS devices, the fracture strength distribution and Weibull parameters obtained from specimen geometries and processing similar to these components must be determined. Therefore, to design reliable pressurized drug delivery membranes or pressure sensors, it is best to extract the strength and Weibull parameters from pressure membrane specimens fabricated using similar processing methods. By doing so, similar flaw populations are sampled and used in predicting the probability of failure for the actual devices. The objectives of this work is to: 1) present a methodology, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and the NASA CARES/Life code, to compute the strength and Weibull parameters from ruptured polysilicon thin film membranes, and 2) using these Weibull parameters as metric to determine which of four microfabrication techniques yields membranes with the highest reliability. Inherent residual stresses due to these processing techniques were included in the FEA simulation to accurately model their fracture behavior. Knowing these strengths and Weibull parameters for polysilicon would then permit their use to probabilistically design more reliable MEMS devices, including other device geometries, within a tolerable probability of failure level. C1 [Jadaan, Osama] Univ Wisconsin Platteville, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. [Palko, Joseph] Connecticut Reserve Technol Inc, Strongsville, OH 44136 USA. [Nemeth, Noel] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Dubnisheva, Anna; Roy, Shuvo; Fleischman, Aaron] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Jadaan, O (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Platteville, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. FU NASA John Glenn Biomedica Engineering Consortium FX This project was partially supported by a grant from the NASA John Glenn Biomedica Engineering Consortium. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 557 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900054 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Krause, DL AF Choi, Sung R. Krause, David L. BE Tandon, R TI LIFE LIMITING BEHAVIOR OF TWO GAS-TURBINE GRADE SILICON NITRIDES AT INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE FOR STIRLING CONVERTOR APPLICATIONS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE; TENSILE CREEP; CERAMICS; RELIABILITY; STRENGTH AB As a series of material approaches to the development of advanced technology for Stirling convertors for space power applications, two commercial, structural silicon nitrides AS800 and SN282 were downselected. Their life limiting property was characterized through slow crack growth testing in flexure at an intermediate temperature of 1050 degrees C in air. AS800 exhibited both fast-fracture strength and Weibull modulus greater than SN282. However, life limiting phenomenon was apparent in AS800 with a low slow crack growth parameter n = 15; whereas, a much increased resistance to slow crack growth (n >150) was found in SN282. The life limiting property of both silicon nitrides was found to be consistent either in dynamic fatigue (constant stress-rate) loading or in stress rupture (constant stress or static fatigue). C1 [Choi, Sung R.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Choi, Sung R.; Krause, David L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil FU Advanced Technology Development for Stirling Convertor; NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio FX The authors are grateful to Ralph Pawlik for experimental work. This work was supported by Advanced Technology Development for Stirling Convertor, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 581 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900056 ER PT J AU Tomioka, N Tomeoka, K Nakamura-Messenger, K Sekine, T AF Tomioka, Naotaka Tomeoka, Kazushige Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Sekine, Toshimori TI Heating effects of the matrix of experimentally shocked Murchison CM chondrite: Comparison with micrometeorites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; INTERPLANETARY DUST; ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY; ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES; THERMAL TRANSFORMATION; ACCRETION RATE; TAGISH LAKE; MINERALOGY; METEORITES; METAMORPHISM AB Micrometeorites have been significantly altered or melted by heating, which has been mainly ascribed to aerodynamic drag during atmospheric entry. However, if a major fraction of micrometeorites are produced by impacts on porous asteroids, they may have experienced shock heating before contact with the Earth's atmosphere (Tomeoka et al. 2003). A transmission electron microscope (TEM) study of the matrix of Murchison CM chondrite experimentally shocked at pressures of 10-49 GPa shows that its mineralogy and texture change dramatically, mainly due to shock heating, with the progressive shock pressures. Tochilinite is completely decomposed to an amorphous material at 10 GPa. Fe-Mg serpentine is partially decomposed and decreases in amount with increasing pressure from 10 to 30 GPa and is completely decomposed at 36 GPa. At 49 GPa, the matrix is extensively melted and consists mostly of aggregates of equigranular grains of Fe-rich olivine and less abundant low-Ca pyroxene embedded in Si-rich glass. The mineralogy and texture of the shocked samples are similar to those of some types of micrometeorites. In particular, the samples shocked at 10 and 21 GPa are similar to the phyllosilicate (serpentine)-rich micrometeorites, and the sample shocked at 49 GPa is similar to the olivine-rich micrometeorites. The shock heating effects also resemble the effects of pulse-heating experiments on the CI and CM chondrite matrices that were conducted to simulate atmospheric entry heating. We suggest that micrometeorites derived from porous asteroids are likely to go through both shock and atmospheric-entry heating processes. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77508 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Tomioka, N (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM nao@kobe-u.ac.jp RI Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011 OI Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 124EZ UT WOS:000243351600002 ER PT J AU Botta, O Martins, Z Ehrenfreund, P AF Botta, Oliver Martins, Zita Ehrenfreund, Pascale TI Amino acids in Antarctic CM1 meteorites and their relationship to other carbonaceous chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MURCHISON METEORITE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; MICROMETEORITES; DELIVERY; INSIGHTS; MATTER; LIFE AB CM2 carbonaceous chondrites are the most primitive material present in the solar system, and some of their subtypes, the CM and CI chondrites, contain up to 2 wt% of organic carbon. The CM2 carbonaceous chondrites contain a wide variety of complex amino acids, while the CI meteorites Orgueil and Ivuna display a much simpler composition, with only glycin, and beta-alanine present in significant abundances. CM1 carbonaceous chondrites show a higher degree of aqueous alteration than CM2 types and therefore provide an important link between the CM2 and CI1 carbonaceous chondrites. Relative amino acid concentrations have been shown to be indicative for parent body processes with respect to the formation of this class of compounds. In order to understand the relationship of the amino acid composition between these three types of meteorites, we have analyzed for the first time three Antarctic CM1 chondrites, Meteorite Hills (MET) 01070, Allan Hills (ALH) 88045, and LaPaz Icefield (LAP) 02277, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). The concentrations of the eight most abundant amino acids in these meteorites were compared to those of the CM2s Murchison, Murray, Mighei, Lewis Cliff (LEW) 90500, ALH 83100, as well as the CI1 Orgueil and Ivuna. The total amino acid concentration in CM1 carbonaceous chondrites was found to be much lower than the average of the CM2s. Relative amino acid abundances were compared in order to identify synthetic relationships between the amino acid compositions in these meteorite classes. Our data support the hypothesis that amino acids in CM- and CI-type meteorites were synthesized under different physical and chemical conditions and may best be explained with differences in the abundances of precursor compounds in the source regions of their parent bodies in combination with the decomposition of amino acids during extended aqueous alteration. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Astrobiol Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Botta, O (reprint author), Int Space Sci Inst, Hallerstasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM botta@issibern.ch RI Martins, Zita/H-4860-2015 OI Martins, Zita/0000-0002-5420-1081 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 124EZ UT WOS:000243351600007 ER PT J AU Ehrendorfer, M Errico, RM AF Ehrendorfer, Martin Errico, Ronald M. TI The seventh workshop on adjoint applications in dynamic meteorology - Special issue SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ehrendorfer, Martin] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Errico, Ronald M.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Errico, Ronald M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Office, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ehrendorfer, M (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM m.ehrendorfer@reading.ac.uk NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 591 EP 594 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0257 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600001 ER PT J AU Errico, RM Gelaro, R Novakovskaia, E Todling, R AF Errico, Ronald M. Gelaro, Ronald Novakovskaia, Elena Todling, Ricardo TI General characteristics of stratospheric singular vectors SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Adjoint Applications in Dynamic Meteorology CY OCT 08-13, 2006 CL Univ Obergurgl, Tyrol, AUSTRIA SP Univ Obergurgl HO Univ Obergurgl ID MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; GROWTH; PERTURBATIONS; TRANSIENT; ACCURACY; NORMS AB Leading singular vectors (SVs) have been computed for a numerical weather prediction model that can resolve dynamical structures within the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The norm applied at the final time is the commonly used energy norm but confined to measuring the stratosphere. These stratospheric SVs are described by presenting three examples. The SVs are produced using either of two initial norms that weight perturbations within the troposphere versus stratosphere very differently. For either initial norm, singular values are typically smaller than their tropospheric counterparts and they are less geographically local. They also retain their relevance to corresponding nonlinear evolutions for longer periods and larger amplitudes. For the initial norm that is conducive to larger tropospheric perturbation, the evolution of the leading SV begins in the mid-latitude, lower troposphere and concludes at high latitudes up to the upper stratosphere. For these reasons, stratospheric SVs may be useful for explaining observed stratospheric dynamical behaviors. C1 [Errico, Ronald M.; Gelaro, Ronald; Novakovskaia, Elena; Todling, Ricardo] NASA, GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Errico, Ronald M.] Univ Maryland, Goddarth Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Novakovskaia, Elena; Todling, Ricardo] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Errico, RM (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ronald.m.errico@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 621 EP 634 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0245 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600004 ER PT J AU Gelaro, R Zhu, Y Errico, RM AF Gelaro, Ronald Zhu, Yanqiu Errico, Ronald M. TI Examination of various-order adjoint-based approximations of observation impact SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Adjoint Applications in Dynamic Meteorology CY OCT 08-13, 2006 CL Univ Obergurgl, Tyrol, AUSTRIA SP Univ Obergurgl HO Univ Obergurgl AB The necessity, and potential implications, of considering higher-than-first-order approximations of the impact of observations on numerical weather forecasts are investigated. In particular, clarification is sought on issues raised by ERRICO (2007) concerning the interpretation of an adjoint-based measure of observation impact developed by LANGLAND and BAKER (2004). Various-order adjoint-based approximations of observation impact are examined in this context using adjoint versions of the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) atmospheric data assimilation system. Attention is given to examining the effects of nonlinearity on partial sums used to estimate the impact of particular subsets of observations, and especially whether contributions to these sums from observations outside a particular subset might cloud their interpretation. It is shown that higher-than-first-order accuracy (in terms of innovations) is required to capture adequately the impact of observations measured by the change in an energy-based metric of forecast error. When accounting for the impact of the entire set of observations, the error of the first-order approximation is roughly four times larger than that of the second- or third-order approximations. Just as importantly, no substantial evidence is found to suggest that nonlinear approximations of the impacts of selected subsets of observations, in this case corresponding to specific satellite and conventional observing systems assimilated in GEOS-5, are altered in any discernible way by cross terms with different observation types. An explanation for this is offered based on the relative contributions from linear and nonlinear terms in these approximations. C1 [Gelaro, Ronald; Zhu, Yanqiu; Errico, Ronald M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhu, Yanqiu] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Errico, Ronald M.] Univ Maryland, Goddarth Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gelaro, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ron.gelaro@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0248 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600010 ER PT J AU Tremolet, Y AF Tremolet, Yannick TI First-order and higher-order approximations of observation impact SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Adjoint Applications in Dynamic Meteorology CY OCT 08-13, 2006 CL Univ Obergurgl, Tyrol, AUSTRIA SP Univ Obergurgl HO Univ Obergurgl AB In studies by ERRICO (2007) and GELARO et al. (2007), it was found that first order approximations of the reduction of forecast error by the analysis were systematically close to twice the correct value, while higher order approximations lead to relatively accurate estimations. We show that this factor of 2 is due to the quadratic nature of the forecast error measure and to the fact that the analysis point is near the minimum of this quadratic measure. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tremolet, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ytremolet@gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 693 EP 694 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0258 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600011 ER PT J AU Errico, RM Yang, R Masutani, M Woollen, JS AF Errico, Ronald M. Yang, Runhua Masutani, Michiko Woollen, John S. TI The estimation of analysis error characteristics using an observation systems simulation experiment SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Adjoint Applications in Dynamic Meteorology CY OCT 08-13, 2006 CL Univ Obergurgl, Tyrol, AUSTRIA SP Univ Obergurgl HO Univ Obergurgl ID PREDICTABILITY AB Observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) have been performed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction primarily for the purpose of evaluating the forecast improvement potential of proposed new observation instruments. The simulations have been validated primarily by comparing results from corresponding data denial experiments in both simulated and real data assimilation contexts. Additional validation is presented here using comparisons of some statistics of analysis increments determined from a baseline simulation using the entire suite of observations utilized during a reanalysis for February 1993. By exploiting the availability of a data set representing "truth" in the simulations, the background and analysis errors produced for the baseline simulation are computed. Several statistics of these errors are then determined, including time means and variances as functions of location or spherical harmonic wave number, vertical correlations, Kalman gains, and balance as measured by projections onto normal modes. Use of an OSSE in this way is one of the few means of estimating analysis error characteristics. Although these simulation experiments are among the best calibrated ones existing, the additional validation here indicates that some unrealism remains present. With this caveat, several interesting characteristics of analysis error have been revealed. Among these are that: longitudinal variations of error variances in the Northern Hemisphere have a similar range as latitudinal variations; corresponding background and analysis error variances are very similar in most regions so that the Kalman gains are generally small with the notable exception of regions and times well observed by rawindsondes; correlation lengths (both vertical and horizontal) are very similar for background and analysis errors; error variances at horizontal scales shorter than those corresponding to approximately spherical harmonic wavenumber 70 are as large as corresponding variances of the fields themselves; approximately 30 % of the error energy resides in gravitational normal modes; and the variance spectrum of the wind error is approximately white for scales below its peak near wavenumber 20. C1 [Errico, Ronald M.; Yang, Runhua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Errico, Ronald M.; Yang, Runhua] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Yang, Runhua] Syst Sci & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko; Woollen, John S.] Natl Ctr Environm Predect, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Errico, RM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ronald.m.errico@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 695 EP 708 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0242 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600012 ER PT S AU Li, MJ Adachi, T Allen, C Babu, S Bajikar, S Beamesderfer, M Bradley, R Denis, K Costen, N Ewin, A Franz, D Hess, L Hu, R Jackson, K Jhabvala, M Kelly, D King, T Kletetschka, G Kutyrev, A Lynch, B Miller, T Moseley, H Mikula, V Mott, B Oh, L Pontius, J Rapchun, D Ray, C Schulte, E Schwinger, S Shu, P Silverberg, R Smith, W Snodgrass, S Sohl, D Sparr, L Steptoe-Jackson, R Veronica, V Wang, LQ Zheng, YT Zincke, C AF Li, Mary J. Adachi, Tomoko Allen, Christine Babu, Sachi Bajikar, Sateesh Beamesderfer, Michael Bradley, Ruth Denis, Kevin Costen, Nick Ewin, Audrey Franz, Dave Hess, Larry Hu, Ron Jackson, Kamili Jhabvala, Murzy Kelly, Dan King, Todd Kletetschka, Gunther Kutyrev, Alexander Lynch, Barney Miller, Timothy Moseley, Harvey Mikula, Vilem Mott, Brent Oh, Lance Pontius, James Rapchun, Dave Ray, Chris Schulte, Eric Schwinger, Scott Shu, Peter Silverberg, Robert Smith, Wayne Snodgrass, Steve Sohl, David Sparr, Leroy Steptoe-Jackson, Rosalind Veronica, Valeriano Wang, Liqin Zheng, Yuri Tony Zincke, Chris BE Chiao, JC Dzurak, AS Jagadish, C Thiel, DV TI MEMS microshutter arrays for James Webb space telescope - art. no. 64150B SO Micro- and Nanotechnology: Materials, Processes, Packaging, and Systems III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology - Materials, Processes, Packaging, and System III CY DEC 11-13, 2006 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, Australian Govt Dept Def, Defence Sci & Technol Org, Global Off Naval Res Sci & Technol, Off Naval Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, AF Off Sci Res, COSNet-ARC Complex Open Syst Res Network, Australian Res Council Nanotechnol Network DE rnicroshutter; MEMS; RIE; DRIE; micro-optics; near infrared; space telescope; flip chip bonding AB MEMS microshutter arrays (MSAs) are being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for use as an aperture array for the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NirSpec). The instruments will be carried on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the next generation of space telescope after Hubble Space Telescope retires. The microshutter arrays are designed for the selective transmission of light with high efficiency and high contrast. Arrays are close-packed silicon nitride membranes with a pixel size of 105x204 mu m. Individual shutters are patterned with a torsion flexure pemitting shutters to open 90 degrees with a minimized mechanical stress concentration. Light shields are made on each shutter for light leak prevention to enhance optical contrast. Shutters are actuated magnetically, latched and addressed electrostatically. The shutter arrays are fabricated using MEMS technologies. Single-side indium flip chip bonding is performed to attach microshutter arrays to substrates. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6523-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6415 BP B4150 EP B4150 AR 64150B DI 10.1117/12.706308 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BFZ95 UT WOS:000245723600009 ER PT S AU Li, MJ Adachi, T Allen, C Babu, S Bajikar, S Beamesderfer, M Bradley, R Denis, K Costen, N Ewin, A Franz, D Hess, L Hu, R Jackson, K Jhabvala, M Kelly, D King, T Kletetschka, G Kutyrev, A Lynch, B Miller, T Moseley, H Mikula, V Mott, B Oh, L Pontius, J Rapchun, D Ray, C Ray, K Schulte, E Schwinger, S Shu, P Silverberg, R Smith, W Snodgrass, S Sohl, D Sparr, L Steptoe-Jackson, R Veronica, V Wang, L Zheng, Y Zincke, C AF Li, Mary J. Adachi, Tomoko Allen, Christine Babu, Sachi Bajikar, Sateesh Beamesderfer, Michael Bradley, Ruth Denis, Kevin Costen, Nick Ewin, Audrey Franz, Dave Hess, Larry Hu, Ron Jackson, Kamili Jhabvala, Murzy Kelly, Dan King, Todd Kletetschka, Gunther Kutyrev, Alexander Lynch, Barney Miller, Timothy Moseley, Harvey Mikula, Vilem Mott, Brent Oh, Lance Pontius, James Rapchun, Dave Ray, Chris Ray, Knute Schulte, Eric Schwinger, Scott Shu, Peter Silverberg, Robert Smith, Wayne Snodgrass, Steve Sohl, David Sparr, Leroy Steptoe-Jackson, Rosalind Veronica, Valeriano Wang, Liqin Zheng, Yun (Tony) Zincke, Chris BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Complex MEMS device: Microshutter array system for space applications - art. no. 655602 SO Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE microshutter; MEMS; RIE; DRIE; micro-optics; near infrared; space telescope; flip chip bonding ID TELESCOPE AB A complex MEMS device, microshutter array system, is being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for use as an aperture array for a Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NirSpec). The instrument will be carried on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the next generation of space telescope after Hubble Space Telescope retires. The microshutter arrays (MSAs) are designed for the selective transmission of light with high efficiency and high contrast. Arrays are close-packed silicon nitride membranes with a pixel size close to 100x200 mu m. Individual shutters are patterned with a torsion flexure permitting shutters to open 90 degrees with a minimized mechanical stress concentration. Light shields are made on to each shutter for light leak leak prevention so to enhance optical contrast. Shutters are actuated magnetically, latched and addressed electrostatically. The shutter arrays are fabricated using MEMS bulk-micromachining technologies and packaged using single-sided indium flip-chip bonding technology. The MSA flight concept consists of a mosaic of 2 x 2 format of four fully addressable 365 x 171 arrays placed in the JWST optical path at the focal plane. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6556 BP 55602 EP 55602 AR 655602 DI 10.1117/12.721502 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGK10 UT WOS:000247873700001 ER PT S AU Keymeulen, D Ferguson, MI Breuer, L Peay, C Oks, B Yen-Cheng Kim, D MacDonald, E Foor, D Terrile, R Arenki, N Yee, K AF Keymeulen, Didier Ferguson, Michael I. Breuer, Luke Peay, Chris Oks, Boris Yen-Cheng Kim, Dennis MacDonald, Eric Foor, David Terrile, Richard Arenki, Nazeeh Yee, Karl BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Miniaturzed self-adaptive tuning of MEMS gyroscope for Spacele - art. no. 655613 SO Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE gyroscope; tuning; evolutionary computation; self-Adaptive Hardware AB We propose a tuning method for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) gyroscopes based on evolutionary computation that has the capacity to efficiently increase the sensitivity of MEMS gyroscopes through tuning and, furthermore, to find the optimally tuned configuration for this state of increased sensitivity. We present the results of an experiment to determine the speed and efficiency of an evolutionary algorithm applied to electrostatic tuning of MEMS micro gyros. The MEMS gyro used in this experiment is a pyrex. post resonator gyro (PRG) in a closed-loop control system. A measure of the quality of tuning is given by the difference in resonant frequencies, or frequency split, for the two orthogonal rocking axes. The current implementation of the closed-loop platform is able to measure and attain a relative stability in the sub-millihertz range, leading to a reduction of the frequency split to less than 100 mHz. C1 Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Keymeulen, D (reprint author), Jet Propuls Lab, MS 303-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6556 BP 55613 EP 55613 AR 655613 DI 10.1117/12.723605 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGK10 UT WOS:000247873700023 ER PT S AU Son, KA Yang, B Prokopuk, N Moon, JS Liao, A Gallegos, M Yang, J Khan, MA AF Son, K.-A. Yang, B. Prokopuk, N. Moon, J. S. Liao, A. Gallegos, M. Yang, J. Khan, M. A. BE George, T Cheng, Z TI GaN-based micro chemical sensor nodes for early warning of chemical agents - art. no. 655616 SO Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE chemical agent; GaN; micro chemical sensor; sensor-RF link; sensor node; sensor web ID PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES AB We are developing micro chemical sensor nodes that can be used for real time, remote detection and early warning of chemical agent threats. The chemical sensors in our sensor nodes utilize GaN HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) fabricated with catalytically active transition metal gate electrodes. The GaN HEMT chemical sensors exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity toward chemical agent simulants such as DECNP (Diethyl cyano phosphonate), and this is the first time that chemical agent simulants have been detected with GaN micro sensors. Response time of the GaN HEMT sensor to a chemical species is within a second, and the maximum electronic response speed of the sensor is similar to 3 GHz. A prototype micro chemical sensor node has been constructed with the GaN sensor, a micro controller, and an RF link. The RF sensor node is operated with a single 3V Li battery, dissipating 15 mW during the RF transmission with 5 dBm output power. The microcontroller allows the operation of the RF sensor nodes with a duty cycle down to 1 %, extending lifetime of the RF sensor nodes over 47 days. Designed to transmit RF signals only at the exposures to chemical agents and produce collective responses to a chemical agent via a sensorweb, the GaN micro chemical sensor nodes seem to be promising for chemical agent beacons. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Son, KA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6556 BP 55616 EP 55616 AR 655616 DI 10.1117/12.721721 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGK10 UT WOS:000247873700026 ER PT S AU Getty, SA King, TT Bis, RA Jones, HH Herrero, F Lynch, BA Roman, P Mahaffy, P AF Getty, Stephanie A. King, Todd T. Bis, Rachael A. Jones, Hollis H. Herrero, Federico Lynch, Bernard A. Roman, Patrick Mahaffy, Paul BE George, T Cheng, Z TI Performance of a carbon nanotube field emission electron gun - art. no. 655618 SO Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE carbon nanotube; field emission; mass spectrometry ID EMITTERS; FILMS AB A cold cathode field emission electron gun (e-gun) based on a patterned carbon nanotube (CNT) film has been fabricated for use in a miniaturized reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RTOF MS), with future applications in other charged particle spectrometers, and performance of the CNT e-gun has been evaluated. A thermionic electron gun has also been fabricated and evaluated in parallel and its performance is used as a benchmark in the evaluation of our CNT e-gun. Implications for future improvements and integration into the RTOF MS are discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mat Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Getty, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mat Engn Branch, Code 541, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6556 BP 55618 EP 55618 AR 655618 DI 10.1117/12.720995 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGK10 UT WOS:000247873700028 ER PT J AU Tan, Y Pan, S Jules, K Saghir, MZ AF Tan, Y. Pan, S. Jules, K. Saghir, M. Z. TI Vibrational effect on thermal diffusion under different microgravity environments SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID G-JITTER; SPACE-STATION; RESIDUAL-G; MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES; SORET COEFFICIENTS; BINARY-MIXTURE; CONVECTION; EQUATION; LIQUID; CELLS AB Microgravity environments may provide perspective platforms for studying the phenomenon of thermal diffusion. It is, however noted that the residual microaccelerations (g-jitters) in space laboratories may affect the accuracy of experiments due to convections that they induce. An appropriate interpretation Of experimental results from the Space relies on a thorough understanding of the influence of g-jitters on thermal diffusion. In this paper we have modelled the thermal diffusion process under different microgravity environments using measured g-jitter data onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and FOTON- 12. The fluid system consists of a rectangular cavity filled with a ternary mixture of methane, n-butane and dodecane (50:20:30 mol%). A lateral heating condition is applied. Various case scenarios have been studied with respect to different locations in the ISS and FOTON; and a detailed analysis is made in comparison with the ideal zero gravity (0-g) scenario. It is found that the diffusion process is only slightly affected by the g-jitters in both platforms. Recommendations are made according to the findings from this study for the improvement of the accuracy of diffusion experiments in Space. C1 Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Saghir, MZ (reprint author), Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. EM zsaghir@ryerson.ca NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU Z A R M TECHNIK PUBLISHING DIV PI BREMEN PA AM FALLTURM, 28359 BREMEN, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 12 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF02911863 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 200XY UT WOS:000248797300002 ER PT J AU Grugel, RN Brush, LN AF Grugel, Richard N. Brush, Lucien N. TI Solidification dynamics of spherical drops in a free fall environment SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWDERS; ALLOYS; TUBE; MICROSTRUCTURES; GAS AB Silver drops (99.9%, 4, 5, 7, and 9 mm diameter) were levitated, melted, and released to fall through Marshall Space Flight Center 105 meter drop tube in helium - 6% hydrogen and pure argon atmospheres. By varying a drop initial superheat the extent of solidification prior to impact ranged from complete to none during the similar to 4.6 seconds of free fall time. Comparison of the experimental observations is made with numerical solutions to a model of the heat transfer and solidification kinetics associated with cooling of the drop during free fall, particularly with regard to the fraction of liquid transformed. Analysis reveals the relative importance of the initial parameters affecting the cooling and solidification rates within the drop. A discussion of the conditions under which the actual observations deviate from the assumptions used in the model is presented. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Grugel, RN (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, MS-EM30, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU Z A R M TECHNIK PUBLISHING DIV PI BREMEN PA AM FALLTURM, 28359 BREMEN, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1007/BF02911865 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 200XY UT WOS:000248797300004 ER PT J AU Pojman, JA Bessonov, N Volpert, V Paley, MS AF Pojman, John A. Bessonov, Nick Volpert, Vitaly Paley, Mark S. TI Miscible fluids in microgravity (MFMG): A zero-upmass investigation on the International Space Station SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KORTEWEG STRESSES; CAPILLARY TUBES; SURFACE-TENSION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; SYSTEMS; DISPLACEMENTS; MIGRATION; GRADIENTS; GRAVITY AB Miscible Fluids in Microgravity (MFMG) was a zero-upmass investigation performed on the International Space Station. The goal of MFMG was to determine if interfacial phenomena seen with immiscible fluids could be seen with miscible fluids. The experiments had to be performed with existing materials on the ISS. Honey and water were chosen as the fluids, and urine collection syringes were used as the vessels in which the experiments were performed. In March 2004 (Increment 8) Dr. Michael Foale performed four experiments under isothermal conditions to determine: If a stream of honey injected into water would exhibit the Rayleigh-Tomotika instability and break into small drops. If an aspherical drop of water in honey would spontaneously assume a spherical shape. The experiments were performed successfully. During Increment 9, Mike Fincke performed two runs in which a stream of honey was injected into water while the syringe was attached to the surface of the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA) at approximately 31 degrees C. No change in the stream shape was observed. Two more runs were performed on Increments 10 and 11 but no additional phenomena were observed. No behavior beyond simple diffusion was observed. We performed simulations with the Navier-Stokes equations plus a Korteweg stress term. We estimated that the maximum possible value of the square gradient parameter was 10(-12) N for the honey-water system. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ Lyon 1, UMR 5585, MAPLY, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, AZ Technol, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Pojman, JA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM john@pojman.com NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF02870987 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 160KK UT WOS:000245939100006 ER PT J AU Uri, JJ AF Uri, John J. TI NASA utilization of ISS - Past, present and future SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Science on European Soyuz Missions to the ISS CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Toledo, SPAIN AB Construction of International Space Station (ISS) began in 1998, with permanent human occupancy commencing in late 2000. The first NASA research experiment reached ISS in September 2000. The February 2001 launch of the US Laboratory Destiny enabled the gradual outfitting of the module with research facilities and heralded the start of continuous research operations in March 2001. Initially the NASA utilization program consisted of basic and applied peer-reviewed research in a variety of research disciplines. Between March 2001 and June 2002, as assembly of the station continued, Destiny was outfitted with seven research racks, launched on the Space Shuttle, to support the planned investigations, also transported to and from ISS on the Shuttle. The Columbia accident in February 2003 grounded the Shuttle fleet for more than two years, during which time NASA relied on Russian vehicles for transportation of research material. This along with the reduction of the ISS crew size from three to two, dramatically impacted the research conducted. The January 2004 announcement Of the Vision for Space Exploration significantly altered the focus of NASA ISS utilization program toward developing medical countermeasures and using ISS as a technology testbed for exploration missions. The resumption of Shuttle flights in July 2005 also resumed the outfitting of Destiny with research racks, with the subsequent return of ISS crew size to three and resumption of ISS assembly. In late 2007-early 2008, we will see the addition of the European Columbus module, with its five research racks and two external payloads, followed by the Japanese Kibo pressurized modules, with two research racks, and the Canadian dexterous robotic arm. Subsequent Shuttle flights will deliver more NASA racks, the Japanese external payload platform and NASA external payloads while Japanese H-H Transfer Vehicles (HTV) will deliver racks and external payloads. Significant international collaboration is anticipated. Sometime in 2009, the infrastructure should be in place to enable the ISS crew size to increase to six, expanding the capability to conduct research. With the retirement of the Space Shuttle in late 2010, NASA will once again rely on partner vehicles for transportation until a commercial transportation system and the Crew Exploration Vehicle are in place early in the next decade. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Uri, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code OZ, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 308BN UT WOS:000256363400004 ER PT J AU Higashibata, A Higashitani, A Adachi, R Kagawa, H Honda, S Honda, Y Higashitani, N Sasagawa, Y Miyazawa, Y Szewczyk, NJ Conley, CA Fujimoto, N Fukui, K Shimazu, T Kuriyama, K Ishioka, N AF Higashibata, Akira Higashitani, Atsushi Adachi, Ryota Kagawa, Hiroaki Honda, Shuji Honda, Yoko Higashitani, Nahoko Sasagawa, Yohei Miyazawa, Yutaka Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. Conley, Catharine A. Fujimoto, Nobuyoshi Fukui, Keiji Shimazu, Toru Kuriyama, Kana Ishioka, Noriaki TI Biochemical and Molecular Biological Analyses of space-flown nematodes in Japan, the First International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment (ICE-First) SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Science on European Soyuz Missions to the ISS CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Toledo, SPAIN ID C-ELEGANS; CHECKPOINT; APOPTOSIS; DEATH; MYOD AB first International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment (ICE-First) was carried out using a Russian Soyuz spacecraft from April 19-30, 2004. This experiment was a part of the program of the DELTA (Dutch Expedition for Life science Technology and Atmospheric research) mission, and the space agencies that participate in the International Space Station (ISS) program formed international research teams. A Japanese research team that conducted by Japan aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) investigated the following aspects of the organism: (1) whether meiolic chromosomal dynamics and apoptosis in the germ cells were normal under microgravity conditions, (2) the effect of the space flight on muscle cell development, and (3) the effect of the space flight on protein aggregation. In this article, we summarize the results of these biochemical and molecular biological analyses. C1 [Higashibata, Akira; Fujimoto, Nobuyoshi; Ishioka, Noriaki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Higashitani, Atsushi; Higashitani, Nahoko; Sasagawa, Yohei; Miyazawa, Yutaka] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Adachi, Ryota] Iwate Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Welfare Engn, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. [Kagawa, Hiroaki] Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Honda, Shuji; Honda, Yoko] Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Gerontol, Tokyo 1730015, Japan. [Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Conley, Catharine A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fukui, Keiji; Shimazu, Toru; Kuriyama, Kana] Japan Space Forum, Tokyo 1000004, Japan. RP Higashibata, A (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. RI Higashitani, Atsushi/G-7086-2015; Adachi, Ryota/I-7067-2014; OI Higashitani, Atsushi/0000-0001-6920-0594; Szewczyk, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4425-9746 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR054342-01A1] NR 11 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 308BN UT WOS:000256363400028 PM 19513185 ER PT J AU Mehta, SK Pierson, DL AF Mehta, Satish K. Pierson, Duane L. TI Reactivation of latent herpes viruses in cosmonauts during a Soyuz taxi mission SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Science on European Soyuz Missions to the ISS CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Toledo, SPAIN ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; ASTRONAUTS; SPACEFLIGHT AB The hypothesis tested by this project is that space flight increases the incidence and duration of herpes virus reactivation and shedding in saliva. Saliva, urine, and blood samples were collected from 3 crew members who participated in a 14-day Odessa Soyuz taxi mission. Saliva samples were collected before, during, and after the mission, and blood and urine were collected before and after the mission. The saliva and urine samples were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of 3 important herpes viruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) were tested in saliva., and cytomegalovirus (CMV) was measured in urine samples. Plasma antibodies levels to these viruses were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after flight. EBV reactivated before, during, and after flight; CMV reactivated before and after flight; and VZV reactivated during and after flight. In other studies, greater frequencies of positive Samples and greater numbers of copies of viral DNA have been found. No increases in titer of antibodies to these viruses were found, suggesting that an immune response may not be necessary for reactivation. C1 [Pierson, Duane L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Pierson, DL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 308BN UT WOS:000256363400040 ER PT S AU Rozier, KY Vardi, MY AF Rozier, Kristin Y. Vardi, Moshe Y. BE Bosnacki, D Edelkamp, S TI LTL satisfiability checking SO MODEL CHECKING SOFTWARE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Developments in Language Theory CY JUL 03-06, 2007 CL Univ Turku, Turku, FINLAND SP Acak Finland, Finnish Cultural Fdn, Finnish Acad Sci & Letters, Nokia Fdn, Turku Univ Fdn, Ctr Hotel, Univ Turku, Dept Math & Ctr Fundamentals Comp & Discrete Math HO Univ Turku ID SYMBOLIC MODEL CHECKING; LINEAR TEMPORAL LOGIC; BUCHI AUTOMATA; VACUITY; VERIFICATION; EFFICIENT AB We report here on an experimental investigation of LTL satisfiability checking via a reduction to model checking. By using large LTL formulas, we offer challenging model-checking benchmarks to both explicit and symbolic model checkers. For symbolic model checking, we use both CadenceSMV and NuSMV. For explicit model checking, we use SPIN as the search engine, and we test essentially all publicly available LTL translation tools. Our experiments result in two major findings. First, most LTL translation tools are research prototypes and cannot be considered industrial quality tools. Second, when it comes to LTL satisfiability checking, the symbolic approach is clearly superior to the explicit approach. C1 [Rozier, Kristin Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Vardi, Moshe Y.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Rozier, KY (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Kristin.Y.Rozier@nasa.gov; vardi@cs.rice.edu FU Rice Computational Research Cluster (Ada); NSF [CNS-0421109] FX Work contributing to this paper was completed at Rice University, Cambridge University, and NASA, and was supported in part by the Rice Computational Research Cluster (Ada), funded by NSF under Grant CNS-0421109 and a partnership between Rice University, AMD and Cray. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73369-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4595 BP 149 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGK31 UT WOS:000247906900011 ER PT S AU Aldrich, JB Sherrit, S Bao, X Badescu, M Bar-Cohen, Y Chang, Z AF Aldrich, J. B. Sherrit, S. Bao, X. Badescu, M. Bar-Cohen, Y. Chang, Z. BE Lindner, DK TI Lyapunov stability of periodically-modulated cosine drivers for resonance tuning of harmonic oscillators - art. no. 65230B SO Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control for Smart Structures 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control for Smart Structures 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Resonance tracking control of harmonic oscillators whose natural frequency is unknown is investigated from a Lyapunov stability perspective. In particular, a periodically-modulated cosine driver (PMCD) is investigated for this purpose. The proposed resonance tuner is time-synchronized with periodic sampling of the harmonic oscillator's output to ensure that an analytical relationship exists between the drive frequency and the tracking error. This relation defines a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems whose origin, is shown to be asymptotically stable. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Aldrich, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 67-119, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6644-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6523 BP B5230 EP B5230 AR 65230B DI 10.1117/12.716403 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGJ20 UT WOS:000247396300010 ER PT J AU Lake, JA Herbold, CW Rivera, MC Servin, JA Skophammer, RG AF Lake, James A. Herbold, Craig W. Rivera, Maria C. Servin, Jacqueline A. Skophammer, Ryan G. TI Rooting the tree of life using nonubiquitous genes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE tree of life; root; indels; cenancestor; double-membrane prokaryotes ID UNIVERSAL TREE; PROVIDES EVIDENCE; EUKARYOTES; ORIGIN; ARCHAEBACTERIA; EUBACTERIA; SEQUENCES; DUPLICATIONS; PHYLOGENY; RELATIVES AB Insertion and deletion (indel)-based analyses have great potential for rooting the tree of life, but their use has been limited because they require ubiquitous sequences that have not been horizontally/laterally transferred. Very few such sequences exist. Here we describe and demonstrate a new algorithm that can use nonubiquitous sequences for rooting. This algorithm, top-down indel rooting, uses the traditional logical framework of indel rooting, but by considering gene gains and losses in addition to indel gains and losses, it is able to analyze incomplete data sets. The method is demonstrated using theoretical examples and incomplete gene sets. In particular, it is applied to the well-studied Hsp70/MreB indel, a sequence set thought to have been compromised by gene transfers from Firmicutes to archaebacteria. By sequentially assigning all observable character states, including gene absences, to the questionable archaebacterial Hsp70 and MreB sequences, we demonstrate that this gene set robustly excludes the root of the tree of life from the Gram-negative, double-membrane prokaryotes independently of the archaeal character states. There are very few ubiquitous paralog gene sets, and most of them contain compromised data. The ability of top-down rooting to use incomplete and/or compromised gene sets promises to make rooting analyses more robust and to greatly increase the number of useful indel sets. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM lake@mbi.ucla.edu OI Herbold, Craig/0000-0003-3479-0197 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [T32 HG002536] NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1093/molbev/msl140 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 120FK UT WOS:000243069700016 PM 17023560 ER PT S AU Osman, MA Cummings, AW Srivastava, D AF Osman, Mohamed. A. Cummings, Aron W. Srivastava, Deepak BE Mansoori, GA George, TF Assoufid, L Zhang, G TI Thermal properties of carbon nanotubes SO MOLECULAR BUILDING BLOCKS FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY: FROM DIAMONDOIDS TO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HEAT-FLOW; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAPHENE TUBULES; SECOND SOUND; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; DEVICES; COMPOSITES C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. UCSC, UARC, Moffett Field, CA USA. NASA, Ames Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Osman, MA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Cummings, Aron/A-1426-2014 OI Cummings, Aron/0000-0003-2307-497X NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 978-0-387-39937-9 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2007 VL 109 BP 154 EP 187 PG 34 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BGD74 UT WOS:000246180300008 ER PT J AU Davis, CJ Kumar, MSN Sandell, G Froebrich, D Smith, MD Currie, MJ AF Davis, C. J. Kumar, M. S. N. Sandell, G. Froebrich, D. Smith, M. D. Currie, M. J. TI WFCAM, Spitzer/IRAC and SCUBA observations of the massive star-forming region DR21/W75 - I. The collimated molecular jets SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : formation; ISM : individual : DR21; ISM : individual : DR21(OH); ISM : individual : W75; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; infrared : stars ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; DR-21 OUTFLOW SOURCE; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; METHANOL MASERS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LINE EMISSION; DUST EMISSION; WATER MASERS AB We present wide-field near-infrared (IR) images of the DR21/W75 high-mass star-forming region, obtained with the Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. Broad-band JHK and narrow-band H(2) 1-0S(1) images are compared to archival mid-IR images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and 850-mu m dust-continuum maps obtained with the Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA). Together these data give a complete picture of dynamic star formation across this extensive region, which includes at least four separate star-forming sites in various stages of evolution. The H(2) data reveal knots and bow shocks associated with more than 50 individual flows. Most are well collimated, and at least five qualify as parsec-scale flows. Most appear to be driven by embedded, low-mass protostars. The orientations of the outflows, particularly from the few higher mass sources in the region (DR21, DR21(OH), W75N and ERO 1), show some degree of order, being preferentially orientated roughly orthogonal to the chain of dusty cores that runs north-south through DR21. Clustering may inhibit disc accretion and therefore the production of outflows; we certainly do not see enhanced outflow activity from clusters of protostars. Finally, although the low-mass protostellar outflows are abundant and widely distributed, the current generation does not provide sufficient momentum and kinetic energy to account for the observed turbulent motions in the DR21/W75 giant molecular clouds. Rather, multiple epochs of outflow activity are required over the million-year time-scale for turbulent decay. C1 Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA, USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Davis, CJ (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 660 N Aohoku Pk, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM cjd@jach.hawaii.edu RI Kumar, Nanda/I-4183-2013 NR 69 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 374 IS 1 BP 29 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11163.x PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117XM UT WOS:000242906600014 ER PT J AU Catala, C Donati, JF Shkolnik, E Bohlender, D Alecian, E AF Catala, C. Donati, J. -F. Shkolnik, E. Bohlender, D. Alecian, E. TI The magnetic field of the planet-hosting star tau Bootis SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : magnetic fields; stars : planetary systems ID DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; GIANT PLANETS; ACTIVE STARS; AB-DORADUS; PHOTOMETRY; HD-192263; TOPOLOGY; SPACE AB We have obtained high-resolution spectropolarimetric data for the planet-hosting star tau Bootis, using the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). A weak but clear Stokes V signature is detected on three of the four nights of 2006 June during which we have recorded data. This polarimetric signature indicates with no ambiguity the presence of a magnetic field at the star's surface, with intensity of just a few gauss. The analysis of the photospheric lines of tau Boo at ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio reveals the presence of an 18 per cent relative differential rotation. Tentative Zeeman-Doppler imaging, using our spectropolarimetric observations covering only a fraction of the star's rotational phase, indicates a magnetic field with a dominant potential field component. The data are best fitted when a 3.1-d period of modulation and an intermediate inclination are assumed. Considering the level of differential rotation of tau Boo, this implies a rotation period of 3.0 d at the equator and of 3.7 d at the pole, and a topology of the magnetic field where its main non-axisymmetric part is located at low latitudes. The planet is probably synchronized with the star's rotation at intermediate latitudes, while the non-axisymmetric part of the magnetic field seems located at lower latitudes. Our limited data do not provide sufficient constraints on the magnetic field to study a possible interaction of the planet with the star's magnetosphere. Investigating this issue will require data with much better phase coverage. Similar studies should also be performed for other stars hosting close-in giant planets. C1 LESIA, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Observ Midi Pyrenees, LATT, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Hawaii Manoa, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Catala, C (reprint author), LESIA, Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM Claude.Catala@obspm.fr; Jean-Francois.Donati@obs-mip.fr; shkolnik@ifa.hawaii.edu; david.bohlender@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; Evelyne.Alecian@obspm.fr NR 23 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 374 IS 1 BP L42 EP L46 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00261.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117XM UT WOS:000242906600010 ER PT J AU Chin, TM Turmon, MJ Jewell, JB Ghil, M AF Chin, T. M. Turmon, M. J. Jewell, J. B. Ghil, M. TI An ensemble-based smoother with retrospectively updated weights for highly nonlinear systems SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHODS; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; FORECAST ERROR STATISTICS; KALMAN FILTER; PARTICLE FILTERS; SAMPLING METHODS; TIME-SERIES; DYNAMICS; MODELS; GENERATION AB Monte Carlo computational methods have been introduced into data assimilation for nonlinear systems in order to alleviate the computational burden of updating and propagating the full probability distribution. By propagating an ensemble of representative states, algorithms like the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the resampled particle filter (RPF) rely on the existing modeling infrastructure to approximate the distribution based on the evolution of this ensemble. This work presents an ensemble-based smoother that is applicable to the Monte Carlo filtering schemes like EnKF and RPF. At the minor cost of retrospectively updating a set of weights for ensemble members, this smoother has demonstrated superior capabilities in state tracking for two highly nonlinear problems: the double-well potential and trivariate Lorenz systems. The algorithm does not require retrospective adaptation of the ensemble members themselves, and it is thus suited to a streaming operational mode. The accuracy of the proposed backward-update scheme in estimating non-Gaussian distributions is evaluated by comparison to the more accurate estimates provided by a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. CNRS, Dept Terre Atmosphere Ocean, Paris, France. CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. RP Chin, TM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-600, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mike.chin@jpl.nasa.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1 BP 186 EP 202 DI 10.1175/MWR3353.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125FZ UT WOS:000243429100012 ER PT S AU Lau, WKM Kim, KM AF Lau, William K. M. Kim, Kyu-Myong BE Baudo, R Tartari, G Vuillermoz, E TI Does aerosol weaken or strengthen the Asian monsoon? SO MOUNTAINS WITNESSES OF GLOBAL CHANGES: RESEARCH IN THE HIMALAYA AND KARAKORAM: SHARE-ASIA PROJECT SE Developments in Earth Surface Processes LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE; INDIA AB In this paper, the relative roles of solar dimming (SDM) effects vs. atmospheric heating effects by absorbing aerosols on Asian monsoon rainfall and circulation are investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean, forced by prescribed global aerosol forcing. Comparison between experiments with and without aerosol forcing shows that equilibrium condition is attained in the Asian monsoon atmosphere-land-ocean system after approximately 30 years of integration, by which time the model sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific will have dropped by more than 1 degrees C. In spite of the reduction in SST, rainfall is found to be increased in northern India and the Tibetan Plateau in late spring and early summer (May-June). This increase is attributed to the "elevated-heat-pump (EHP) effect", i.e., heating of the middle and upper troposphere induced by absorbing aerosols (dust and black carbon) piling over the southern slopes of the Himalayas, coupled with feedback with the deep convection and the large-scale circulation. In July-August, when the aerosol loading is substantially diminished, rainfall over all the Asian monsoon regions, except over and in the vicinity of the Tibetan Plateau, is reduced. The overall reduction is due to a spin-down of the large-scale monsoon circulation, stemming from the cooler earth surface and diminished land-sea thermal contrast induced by aerosol SDM. The results are supported by preliminary observations of increased loading of absorbing aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, and enhanced monsoon rainfall in May-June over northern India during the last two decades. C1 [Lau, William K. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lau, WKM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lau@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-2025 BN 978-0-08-054874-6 J9 DEV EARTH S PY 2007 VL 10 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0928-2025(06)10003-6 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO89 UT WOS:000310921800005 ER PT S AU Hsu, NYC AF Hsu, Nai-Yung Christina BE Baudo, R Tartari, G Vuillermoz, E TI Global retrieval of aerosol properties from sources to sinks by MODIS SO MOUNTAINS WITNESSES OF GLOBAL CHANGES: RESEARCH IN THE HIMALAYA AND KARAKORAM: SHARE-ASIA PROJECT SE Developments in Earth Surface Processes LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hsu, NYC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM hsu@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-2025 BN 978-0-08-054874-6 J9 DEV EARTH S PY 2007 VL 10 BP 23 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0928-2025(06)10004-8 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO89 UT WOS:000310921800006 ER PT S AU Tsay, SC Holben, BN AF Tsay, Si-Chee Holben, Brent N. BE Baudo, R Tartari, G Vuillermoz, E TI Radiation, aerosol joint observations - monsoon experiment in Gangetic-Himalayan area (RAJO-MEGHA): synergy of satellite-surface observations SO MOUNTAINS WITNESSES OF GLOBAL CHANGES: RESEARCH IN THE HIMALAYA AND KARAKORAM: SHARE-ASIA PROJECT SE Developments in Earth Surface Processes LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsay, Si-Chee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tsay, SC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM si-chee.tsay-1@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-2025 BN 978-0-08-054874-6 J9 DEV EARTH S PY 2007 VL 10 BP 25 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0928-2025(06)10005-X PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO89 UT WOS:000310921800007 ER PT S AU Swank, JH AF Swank, Jean H. BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI Correlated temporal and spectral variability SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE accretion; accretion disks; black hole physics; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; X-RAY BINARIES; DISC INSTABILITY MODEL; LUMINOUS LMXBS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ACCRETION DISK; NEUTRON-STAR; AQUILA X-1; COHERENCE; 4U-1636-536 AB The variability of neutron star and black hole X-ray sources has several dimensions, because of the roles played by different important time-scales. The variations on time scales of hours, weeks, and months, ranging from 50% to orders of magnitude, arise out of changes in the flow in the disk. The most important driving forces for those changes are probably various possible instabilities in the disk, though there may be effects with other dominant causes. The changes in the rate of flow appear to be associated with changes in the flow's configuration, as the accreting material approaches the compact object, for there are generally correlated changes in both the Xray spectra and the character of the faster temporal variability. There has been a lot of progress in tracking these correlations, both for Z and Atoll neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries, and for black hole binaries. I will discuss these correlations and review briefly what they tell us about the physical states of the systems. C1 [Swank, Jean H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Swank, JH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 555 EP 562 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500013 ER PT S AU Gliozzi, M Sambruna, R AF Gliozzi, Mario Sambruna, Rita BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI An XMM-Newton view of low-power radio galaxies/LINERs SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE active galaxies; radio galaxies; X-ray galaxies; jets ID X-RAY-EMISSION; BLACK-HOLE; ACCRETION AB Studies of stellar dynamics have established that the presence of supermassive black holes is almost ubiquitous not only in AGN, but also in normal galaxies. Therefore, of crucial importance is the role played by low-power AGN, which represent the link between powerful AGN and normal galaxies. Here we present the preliminary results of recent XMM-Newton observations of three low-power radio galaxies hosting a LINER: NGC 1692 and PKS 0625-35, which are classified as FRI and the FRII 3C 444. All sources show complex spectra with at least two spectral components without substantial intrinsic absorption. There is suggestive evidence for a Fe K line in 3C 444. Both FRI galaxies are significantly variable on short time scales, and PKS 0625-35 also shows spectral variability on time scales of months. We plan to combine the XMM-Newton results with complementary information from other wavelengths to investigate further the origin of the X-ray emission from the nuclear region. C1 [Gliozzi, Mario] George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sambruna, Rita] NASAs, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gliozzi, M (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. FU NASA [200866] FX MG acknowledges support by the XMM-Newton Guest Investigator Program under NASA grant 200866. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 928 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500071 ER PT B AU Jafri, MJ Ely, JJ Vahala, LL AF Jafri, Madiha J. Ely, Jay J. Vahala, Linda L. BE Reformat, M Berthold, MR TI Interference path loss prediction in A319/320 airplanes using modulated fuzzy logic and neural networks SO NAFIPS 2007 - 2007 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 24-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE AB In this paper, neural network (NN) modeling is combined with fuzzy logic to estimate Interference Path Loss measurements on Airbus 319 and 320 airplanes. Interference patterns inside the aircraft are classified and predicted based on the locations of the doors, windows, aircraft structures and the communication/navigation system-of-concern. Modeled results are compared with measured data. Combining fuzzy logic and NN modeling is shown to improve estimates of measured data over estimates obtained with NN alone. A plan is proposed to enhance the modeling for better prediction of electromagnetic coupling problems inside aircraft. C1 [Jafri, Madiha J.; Vahala, Linda L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Ely, Jay J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, High Intens Radiat Fields Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jafri, MJ (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM madiha.jafri@gmail.com; j.j.ely@larc.nasa.gov; lvahala@odu.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1213-6 PY 2007 BP 337 EP + DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2007.383861 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGM71 UT WOS:000248517100061 ER PT S AU Chin, AH Ahn, TS Li, HW Vaddiraju, S Bardeen, CJ Ning, CZ Sunkara, MK AF Chin, Alan H. Ahn, Tall S. Li, Hongwei Vaddiraju, Sreeram Bardeen, Christopher J. Ning, Cun-Zheng Sunkara, Mahendra K. BE Gaburro, Z Cabrini, S TI The role of surface states in a-axis GaN nanowires - art. no. 663908 SO NANOPHOTONIC MATERIALS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonic Materials IV CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nanowires; surface states; photoluminescence; time-resolved photoluminescence ID GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALS AB GaN nanowires have been the subject of intense research lately, due to the many potential ultraviolet applications and interesting properties that they possess. Because GaN has an anisotropic wurtzite crystal structure, many of its properties are dependent upon crystal orientation. For example, the photoluminescence (PL) of GaN nanowires with growth direction along the a-axis is blue-shifted relative to the PL of wires with growth direction along the c-axis. However, the origin of the difference in PL between nanowire samples of different growth directions remains unclear. To determine if surface states play a role in the dependence of GaN nanowire photoluminescence on crystal orientation, we use time-integrated photoluminescence (TIPL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) to study the PL from GaN nanowire samples of different crystallographic orientations. We observe temporal dynamics of the blue-shifted PL feature in the a-axis GaN nanowires that is suggestive of a surface trapping process occurring, where some fraction of electron-hole pairs are prevented from recombining via the band edge emission process because carriers diffuse to the surface where they are trapped before carrier relaxation to the band edge is complete. Once a carrier is trapped and localized at a surface trap state, light emission primarily occurs only when the complementary carrier diffuses to the same surface trap. We envision that a thin oxide layer forming at the surface introduces surface traps that cause the blue emission, and that the surfaces of the a-axis GaN nanowires are more susceptible to this oxidation than the c-axis GaN nanowire surfaces. C1 [Chin, Alan H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chin, AH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6787-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6639 BP 63908 EP 63908 DI 10.1117/12.732222 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BGY15 UT WOS:000251243200003 ER PT S AU Seo, BJ Kim, SK Fetterman, H Jin, D Dinu, R AF Seo, Byoung-Joon Kim, Seongku Fetterman, Harold Jin, Dan Dinu, Raluca BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Optical signal processor using electro-optic polymer waveguides - art. no. 671302 SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical signal processor; ring resonator; electro-optic waveguides; optical filter ID PLANAR LIGHTWAVE CIRCUITS; ALL-PASS FILTERS; MODULATORS; DESIGN; INTENSITY; VOLTAGE AB We have investigated an optical signal processor using electro-optic polymer waveguides at 1.55 mu m. As a result of recent polymer development many new optical devices are becoming available such as optical filters, modulators, switches, multiplexers, etc. It would be useful to have a single optical device, which is reconfigurable, to implement all of these optical devices functions. We call such a device an 'Optical Signal Processor', which will play a similar role as digital signal processors in electrical circuits. We have realized such an optical device using optical-delay-line circuits. Since optical-delay-line circuits are based on the multiple interference of coherent light and can be integrated with enough complexity, they have been utilized for purposes of optical processing such as optical filters. However, the guiding waveguides that were used are passive and the only mechanism used to reconfigure their functions has been thermal. This is slow and cannot be used for high speed applications such as optical modulators and optical packet switches. On the other hand, electro-optic polymers have a very high electro-optic coefficient with a good velocity match between the electrical and optical signals which makes them ideal for efficient, high speed, devices. Therefore, we have investigated delay line optical signal processor circuits using the electro-optic polymer waveguides. These structures are complex enough to generate arbitrary functions and fast enough to obtain high data rates. Using these optical signal processors, we have investigated interesting applications including arbitrary waveform generators. C1 [Seo, Byoung-Joon] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 92123 USA. RP Seo, BJ (reprint author), Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 92123 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6861-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6713 BP 71302 EP 71302 DI 10.1117/12.734844 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHD60 UT WOS:000252351100001 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Taylor, EW Trivedi, S Kutcher, S Soos, J AF Prasad, Narasimha S. Taylor, Edward W. Trivedi, Sudhir Kutcher, Sue Soos, Jolanta BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Space qualification issues in acousto-optic and electro-optic devices - art. no. 67130F SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE space qualification; acousto-optic devices; electro-optic devices; acousto-optics tunable filter; electro-optic modulator; radiation hardening ID AOTF-BASED SPECTROMETER; MARS ATMOSPHERE AB Satellite and space-based applications of photonic devices and systems require operational reliability in the harsh environment of space for extended periods of time. This in turn requires every component of the systems and their packaging to meet space qualifications. Acousto- and electro-optical devices form the major components of many current space based optical systems, which is the focus of this paper. The major space qualification issues are related to: mechanical stability, thermal effects and operation of the devices in the naturally occurring space radiation environment. This paper will discuss acousto- and electro-optic materials and devices with respect to their stability against mechanical vibrations, thermal cycling in operating and non-operating conditions and device responses to space ionizing and displacement radiation effects. Selection of suitable materials and packaging to meet space qualification criteria will also be discussed. Finally, a general roadmap for production and testing of acousto- and electro-optic devices will be discussed. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6861-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6713 BP F7130 EP F7130 DI 10.1117/12.737086 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHD60 UT WOS:000252351100009 ER PT S AU Clark, N AF Clark, Natalie BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Advanced optical technologies for space exploration - art. no. 67130G SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE star tracker; active optics; adaptive optics; active pixel sensors; liquid crystals; wavefront sensors; deformable mirror device ID BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS; NETWORKS AB NASA Langley Research Center is involved in the development of photonic devices and systems for space exploration missions. Photonic technologies of particular interest are those that can be utilized for in-space communication, remote sensing, guidance navigation and control, lunar descent and landing, and rendezvous and docking. NASA Langley has recently established a class-100 clean-room which serves as a Photonics Fabrication Facility for development of prototype optoelectronic devices for aerospace applications. In this paper we discuss our design, fabrication, and testing of novel active pixels, deformable mirrors, and liquid crystal spatial light modulators. Successful implementation of these intelligent optical devices and systems in space, requires careful consideration of temperature and space radiation effects in inorganic and electronic materials. Applications including high bandwidth inertial reference units, lightweight, high precision star trackers for guidance, navigation, and control, deformable mirrors, wavefront sensing, and beam steering technologies are discussed. In addition, experimental results are presented which characterize their performance in space exploration systems. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Clark, N (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6861-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6713 BP G7130 EP G7130 DI 10.1117/12.736659 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHD60 UT WOS:000252351100010 ER PT S AU Ott, MN Jin, XDL LaRocca, FV Matuszeski, A Chuska, RF MacMurphy, SL AF Ott, Melanie N. Jin, Xiaodan Linda LaRocca, Frank V. Matuszeski, Adam Chuska, Richard F. MacMurphy, Shawn L. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Requirements validation testing on the 7 optical fiber array connector/cable assemblies for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) - art. no. 67130Q SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical; fiber; array; LIDAR; Ranging; connector; spaceflight; LRO; LOLA; qualification AB In the past year, a unique capability has been created by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in support of Lunar Exploration. The photonics group along with support from the Mechanical Systems Division, developed a seven fiber array assembly using a custom Diamond AVIM PM connector for space flight applications. This technology enabled the Laser Ranging Application for the LRO to be possible. Laser pulses at 532 nm will be transmitted from the earth to the LRO stationed at the moon and used to make distance assessments. The pulses will be collected with the Laser Ranging telescope and focused into the array assemblies. The array assemblies span down a boom, through gimbals and across the space craft to the instrument the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA). Through use of a LOLA detector the distance between the LRO and the Earth will be calculated simultaneously while LOLA is mapping the surface of the moon. The seven fiber array assemblies were designed in partnership with W.L. Gore, Diamond Switzerland, and GSFC, manufactured by the Photonics Group at NASA Goddard Space Hight Center (GSFC) and tested for environmental effects there as well. Presented here are the requirements validation testing and results used to insure that these unique assemblies would function adequately during the Laser Ranging 14-month mission. The data and results include in-situ monitoring of the optical assemblies during cold gimbal motion life-testing, radiation, vibration and thermal testing. C1 [Ott, Melanie N.; Matuszeski, Adam] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ott, MN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6861-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6713 BP Q7130 EP Q7130 DI 10.1117/12.733965 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHD60 UT WOS:000252351100018 ER PT S AU Thomes, WJ LaRocca, FV Ott, MN Jin, XDL Chuska, RF MacMurph, SL Jamison, TL AF Thomes, William J., Jr. LaRocca, Frank V. Ott, Melanie N. Jin, Xiaodan Linda Chuska, Richard F. MacMurph, Shawn L. Jamison, Tracee L. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Investigation of hermetically sealed commercial LiNbO3 optical modulator for use in laser/LIDAR space-flight applications - art. no. 67130T SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical modulator; space flight; qualification; LiNbO3; radiation; fiber laser ID NIOBATE WAVE-GUIDES AB This paper is the first in a series of publications to investigate the use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components for space flight fiber laser transmitter systems and LIDAR (laser imaging detection and ranging) detection systems. In the current study, a hermetically sealed COTS LiNbO3 optical modulator is characterized for space flight applications. The modulator investigated was part of the family of "High-Extinction Ratio Modulators" with part number MXPE-LN from Photline Technologies in Besancon, France. Device performance was monitored during exposure to a Cobalt(60) gamma-ray source. Results from the testing show little change in device operation for a total accumulated dose of 52 krad. C1 [Thomes, William J., Jr.; LaRocca, Frank V.; Chuska, Richard F.; MacMurph, Shawn L.] MEI Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RP Thomes, WJ (reprint author), MEI Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 7404 Execut Pl, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6861-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6713 BP T7130 EP T7130 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHD60 UT WOS:000252351100021 ER PT S AU Chang, DH Poberezhskiy, IY Mulder, JL AF Chang, Daniel H. Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y. Mulder, Jerry L. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Waveguide PPLN second harmonic generator for NASA's Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) - art. no. 67130U SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM; Space Interferometry Mission; stellar interferometry; laser metrology; PPLN; lithium niobate; optical waveguides; periodic poling; harmonic generation; quasi-phasematching; space qualifaction of photonic components ID WAVELENGTH CONVERTERS; LINBO3 AB The Frequency Doubler (FDR) is a component of the External Metrology subsystem on NASA's Space Interferometry Mission, performing second harmonic generation using quasi-phasematched PPLN waveguides pigtailed with polarization maintaining fiber. The need for harmonic generation on SIM is explained. Packaging and results of performance and space-qualification testing of the FDR are described. C1 [Chang, Daniel H.; Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y.; Mulder, Jerry L.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chang, DH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6861-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6713 BP U7130 EP U7130 DI 10.1117/12.731131 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHD60 UT WOS:000252351100022 ER PT S AU Chao, TH AF Chao, Tien-Hsin BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Compact electro-optic imaging Fourier transform spectrometer - art. no. 67130V SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; solid-state imaging Fourier transform spectrometer; birefringent phase retarder; liquid crystal achromatic phase switch AB JPL is developing an innovative compact, low mass, Electro-Optic Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (E-O IFTS) for hyperspectral imaging applications. The spectral region of this spectrometer will be 1 - 2.5 mu m (1000 - 4000 cm(-1)) to allow high-resolution, high-speed hyperspectral imaging applications. The specific applications for NASA's missions will focus on the measurement of a large number of different atmospheric gases simultaneously in the same airmass. Due to the use of a combination of birefringent phase retarders and multiple achromatic phase switches to achieve phase delay, this spectrometer is capable of hyperspectral measurements similar to that of the conventional Fourier transform spectrometer but without any moving parts. In this paper, the principle of operations, system architecture and recent experimental progress will be presented. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chao, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6861-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6713 BP V7130 EP V7130 DI 10.1117/12.737003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHD60 UT WOS:000252351100023 ER PT S AU Choi, SH AF Choi, Sang H. BE Varadan, VK TI "Nano-Bio quantum technology for device-specific materials" SO Nanosensors, Microsensors, and Biosensors and Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensors, Microsensors, and Biosensors and Systems 2007 CY MAR 21-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA ID BIOFUEL CELL; FERRITIN AB Progress in nanoscale science enabled a radically new perspective on the fundamental properties of materials affecting a wide range of applications. For example, nanoscale photonic materials offer size-dependent emission spectra and a high stability over a wide range of temperatures. Biologically inspired materials used as a building block or a template enable nano-fabrication of materials for quantum applications, such as quantum-dot lasers, quantum logic gates, and quantum computing. A combination of bio and nano features breeds new kinds of materials with potential for energy harvesting and storage. Artificially driven quantum constraints on intrinsic level transitions within thin-film or quantum-dot structures offer new possibilities for optical device technology. However, such application-specific nanoscale fabrication of materials requires advanced measurement and manipulation technologies to characterize the uniqueness of nanoscale materials in electromagnetic, thermal, photonic, and structural properties and functions in nanoscale materials. Several new application-specific nano-bio technologies, such as bionanobattery, bio-template for size-controlled quantum-dots, quantum aperture, and smart optical devices which were developed by a group of researchers at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) will be discussed. These applications illustrate the fusion of bio, nano, and quantum technologies. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Choi, SH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6649-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6528 BP U154 EP U163 DI 10.1117/12.721761 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BGK08 UT WOS:000247873300017 ER PT B AU Vercoutere, W Akeson, M AF Vercoutere, Wenonah Akeson, Mark BE VoDinh, T TI Nanopore Methods for DNA Detection and Sequencing SO NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; SOLID-STATE NANOPORE; HAIRPIN MOLECULES; SINGLE-MOLECULE; ION-CHANNEL; POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; SYNTHETIC NANOPORES; MEMBRANE CHANNEL; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; PORE C1 [Vercoutere, Wenonah] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Gravitat Res Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Akeson, Mark] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Akeson, Mark] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Vercoutere, W (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Gravitat Res Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-2949-4 PY 2007 D2 10.1201/9781420004441 PG 20 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKN95 UT WOS:000268735400011 ER PT B AU Stoica, A Andrei, R AF Stoica, Adrian Andrei, Radu BE Arslan, T Stoica, A Suess, M Keymeulen, D Higuchi, T Magness, R Aydin, N Erdogan, AT TI Adaptive and evolvable hardware A multifaceted analysis SO NASA/ESA CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems CY AUG 05-08, 2007 CL Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP NASA Jet Propuls Lab, European Space Agcy HO Univ Edinburgh AB The paper explores adaptive and evolvable hardware (AEH) solutions from three essential perspectives: (a) technology, (h) economics and (c) system architecture. After setting the basis for the AEH terminology and taxonomy, the paper takes a look at the "market" and what adaptation is expected to provide to satisfy user needs and to solve real-world problems. Technologies that offer adaptation are explored seeking common principles and techniques beneath the wide diversity of application areas. The focus here is on hardware that derives its flexibility from reconfiguration. The paper continues with an economic perspective and how adalability offers p better solutions not only for end users, but also for product providers. Finally, it explores system architecture ideas, to which biology offers continuous inspiration and may drive future architectural developments. Directions with maximal impact in advancing AEH appear to focus towards (1) reducing cost per function, (2) reducing reconfiguration overhead (3) increasing re-programming speed (4) improving algorithmic efficiency, (5) embedding self-reconfiguration algorithms into reconfigurable matter (or, more general, diffusing intelligence to finest HW levels), (6) ensuring that the system goes through safe states during adaptation and evolution, (7) and creating a specific development language and dedicated development tools. C1 [Stoica, Adrian; Andrei, Radu] Jet Propuls Lab & PluraTech, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Stoica, A (reprint author), Jet Propuls Lab & PluraTech, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM adrian.stoica@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would like to thank Drs. Tughrul Arslan, Anil Thakoor, Jim Torresen, and Ricardo Zebulum for their valuable comments and suggestions in reviewing this paper NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2866-3 PY 2007 BP 486 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BGN37 UT WOS:000248594600066 ER PT B AU Zebulum, R Mojarradi, M Stoica, A Keyrmeulen, D Daud, T AF Zebulum, Ricardo Mojarradi, Mohanunad Stoica, Adrian Keyrmeulen, Didier Daud, Taher BE Arslan, T Stoica, A Suess, M Keymeulen, D Higuchi, T Magness, R Aydin, N Erdogan, AT TI Self-reconfigurable analog arrays Off-the shelf adaptive electronics for space applications SO NASA/ESA CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems CY AUG 05-08, 2007 CL Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP NASA Jet Propuls Lab, European Space Agcy HO Univ Edinburgh ID EVOLVABLE HARDWARE AB Development of analog electronic solutions for space avionics is expensive and lengthy. Lack of flexible analog devices, counterparts to digital Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), prevents analog designers from benefits of rapid prototyping. This forces them to expensive and lengthy custom design, fabrication, and qualification of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The limitations come from two directions: commercial Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) have limited variability in the components offered on-chip; and they are only qualified for best case scenarios for military grade (- 55C to +125Q. In order to avoid huge overheads, there is a growing trend towards avoiding thermal and radiation protection by developing extreme environment electronics, which maintain correct operation while exposed to temperature extremes (- 180 degrees C to +125 degrees C). This paper describes a recent FPAA design, the Self-Reconfigurable Analog Array (SRAA) developed at JPL. It overcomes both limitations, offering a variety of analog cells inside the array together with the possibility of self-correction at extreme temperatures. C1 [Zebulum, Ricardo; Mojarradi, Mohanunad; Stoica, Adrian; Keyrmeulen, Didier; Daud, Taher] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Zebulum, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ricardo.s.zebulum@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2866-3 PY 2007 BP 529 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BGN37 UT WOS:000248594600071 ER PT J AU Freund, FT AF Freund, F. T. TI Pre-earthquake signals - Part I: Deviatoric stresses turn rocks into a source of electric currents SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; FIELD MEASUREMENTS; THERMAL ANOMALIES; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; PREDICTION; FRACTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; PRECURSORS AB Earthquakes are feared because they often strike so suddenly. Yet, there are innumerable reports of pre-earthquake signals. Widespread disagreement exists in the geoscience community how these signals can be generated in the Earth's crust and whether they are early warning signs, related to the build-up of tectonic stresses before major seismic events. Progress in understanding and eventually using these signals has been slow because the underlying physical process or processes are basically not understood. This has changed with the discovery that, when igneous or high-grade metamorphic rocks are subjected to deviatoric stress, dormant electronic charge carriers are activated: electrons and defect electrons. The activation increases the number density of mobile charge carriers in the rocks and, hence, their electric conductivity. The defect electrons are associated with the oxygen anion sublattice and are known as positive holes or pholes for short. The boundary between stressed and unstressed rock acts a potential barrier that lets pholes pass but blocks electrons. Therefore, like electrons and ions in an electrochemical battery, the stress-activated electrons and pholes in the 'rock battery' have to flow out in different directions. When the circuit is closed, the battery currents can flow. The discovery of such stress-activated currents in crustal rocks has far-reaching implications for understanding pre-earthquake signals. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Freund, FT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 225YK UT WOS:000250554000005 ER PT J AU Freund, FT AF Freund, F. T. TI Pre-earthquake signals - Part II: Flow of battery currents in the crust SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; IGNEOUS ROCKS; RADON; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; EMISSIONS AB When rocks are subjected to stress, dormant electronic charge carriers are activated. They turn the stressed rock volume into a battery, from where currents can flow out. The charge carriers are electrons and defect electrons, also known as positive holes or pholes for short. The boundary between stressed and unstressed rock acts as a potential barrier that lets pholes pass but blocks electrons. One can distinguish two situations in the Earth's crust: (i) only pholes spread out of a stressed rock volume into the surrounding unstressed rocks. This is expected to lead to a positive surface charge over a wide area around the future epicenter, to perturbations in the ionosphere, to stimulated infrared emission from the ground, to ionization of the near-ground air, to cloud formation and to other phenomena that have been reported to precede major earthquakes. (ii) both pholes and electrons flow out of the stressed rock volume along different paths, sideward into the relatively cool upper layers of the crust and downward into the hot lower crust. This situation, which is likely to be realized late in the earthquake preparation process, is necessary for the battery circuit to close and for transient electric currents to flow. If burst-like, these currents should lead to the emission of low frequency electromagnetic radiation. Understanding how electronic charge carriers are stress-activated in rocks, how they spread or flow probably holds the key to deciphering a wide range of pre-earthquake signals. It opens the door to a global earthquake early warning system, provided resources are pooled through a concerted and constructive community effort, including seismologists, with international participation. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Freund, FT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames Assoc, 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 225YK UT WOS:000250554000006 ER PT J AU McCauley, ME Pierce, EC Matsagas, P AF McCauley, Michael E. Pierce, Eric C. Matsagas, Panayiotis TI The high-speed navy: Vessel motion influences on human performance SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SICKNESS AB This paper presents the recent results from an ongoing analysis of the effects of high-speed naval operations on the performance, comfort, and safety of crew and passengers. A 127-m trimaran, the Benchijigua Express, which is similar in bull design to the General Dynamics Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) vessel, was investigated for motion-induced interruptions, motion sickness, and biodynamic feed-through to manual tasks. Data were obtained on two 2-hour transits per day for a total of 86 transits during February and March 2006. Survey questionnaires were obtained from nearly 2,000 passengers. The motion effects on manual dexterity were negligible, but motion sickness symptoms were reported by a majority of the passengers. The capability to manage the motion sickness issue for unadapted passengers may be important for the effective use of LCS to transport ground combatants and for Sea Basing concepts. C1 Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Human Syst Integrat Grp, Monterey, CA USA. Naval Postgraduate Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat Inst, Monterey, CA USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NSWC, Panama City, FL USA. RP McCauley, ME (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Human Syst Integrat Grp, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.0028-1425.2007.00002.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 226RL UT WOS:000250606100006 ER PT J AU Cho, J Principe, JC Erdogmus, D Motter, MA AF Cho, Jeongho Principe, Jose C. Erdogmus, Deniz Motter, Mark A. TI Quasi-sliding mode control strategy based on multiple-linear models SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE multiple models; sliding mode control; self-organizing map; unknown nonlinear system ID VARIABLE STRUCTURE SYSTEMS; SELF-TUNING CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; ADAPTIVE-CONTROL AB In this paper, a multiple discrete quasi-sliding mode (QSM) control scheme is proposed for a general class of nonlinear discrete time systems with unknown dynamical equations, provided that input-output data is available for system identification. The self-organizing map (SOM) is employed to divide the state space into local regions such that it associates the operating region where a local linear model is the winner with a local quasi-sliding mode controller (QSMC). Switching of the controllers is done synchronously with the active local linear model that tracks the different operating conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed controller outperforms tracking the desired trajectory in noisy environments either with a global controller or simpler controllers based on multiple models. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Computat Neuroengn Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Elect Syst Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Computat Neuroengn Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jeongho@cnel.ufl.edu RI Erdogmus, Deniz/A-8170-2009 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 4-6 BP 960 EP 974 DI 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.07.011 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 135EU UT WOS:000244137700041 ER PT J AU Chandrasekaran, H Li, J Delashmit, WH Narasimha, PL Yu, CH Manry, MT AF Chandrasekaran, Hema Li, Jiang Delashmit, W. H. Narasimha, P. L. Yu, Changhua Manry, Michael T. TI Convergent design of piecewise linear neural networks SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE nonlinear networks; local neural networks; piecewise linear function approximation; multilayer perceptron (MLP); generalization; conjugate gradient method ID ALGORITHM; SELECTION; BRANCH; MODEL AB Piecewise linear networks (PLNs) are attractive because they can be trained quickly and provide good performance in many nonlinear approximation problems. Most existing design algorithms for piecewise linear networks are not convergent, non-optimal, or are not designed to handle noisy data. In this paper, four algorithms are presented which attack this problem. They are: (1) a convergent design algorithm which builds the PLN one module at a time using a branch and bound technique; (2) two pruning algorithms which eliminate less useful modules from the network; and (3) a sifting algorithm which picks the best networks out of the many designed. The performance of the PLN is compared with that of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) using several benchmark data sets. Numerical results demonstrate that piecewise linear networks are adequate for many approximation problems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Fastvdo LLC, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin, Bldg 10 Room B2S231,10 Ctr Dr MSC 1182, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hchandrasekaran@mail.arc.nasa.gov; li@wcn.uta.edu; manry@uta.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 4-6 BP 1022 EP 1039 DI 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.02.021 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 135EU UT WOS:000244137700046 ER PT J AU Kateb, B Van Handel, M Zhang, LY Bronikowski, MJ Manohara, H Badie, B AF Kateb, Babak Van Handel, Michelle Zhang, Leying Bronikowski, Michael J. Manohara, Harish Badie, Behnam TI Internalization of MWCNTs by microglia: Possible application in immunotherapy of brain tumors SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE multi-walled carbon nanotubes; nanotechnology; nanomedicine; brain tumors; immunotherapy; nanoparticles; microglia ID FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBES; DRUG-DELIVERY; GENE DELIVERY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BUNDLE ARRAYS; PLASMID DNA; TRANSPORTERS; FLUORESCENCE; GROWTH AB There is a pressing need for new therapeutic, diagnostic, and drug delivery approaches for treating brain cancers. Nanotechnology offers a new method for targeted brain cancer therapy and could play a major role in gene and drug delivery. The goals of our study were to visualize in vitro ingestion, cytotoxicity, and loading capacity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) in microglia. Furthermore, we investigated internalization differences between microglia and glioma cells. BV2 microglia and GL261 glioma cells were incubated with MWCNTs, which were synthesized through catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique. Real-time RT-PCR, cell proliferation analysis, siRNA and DNA loading, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry were performed. We demonstrated that MWCNTs do not result in proliferative or cytokine changes in vitro, are capable of carrying DNA and siRNA and are internalized at higher levels in phagocytic cells as compared to tumor cells. This study suggests MWCNTs could be used as a novel, non-toxic, and biodegradable nano-vehicles for targeted therapy in brain cancers. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the full capacity of MWCNTs as nanovectors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 City Hope Natl Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Brain Tumor Program, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kateb, B (reprint author), City Hope Natl Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Brain Tumor Program, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. EM Bkateb@IBMISPS.Org; Bbadie@coh.org NR 36 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PY 2007 VL 37 SU 1 BP S9 EP S17 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.078 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 210CK UT WOS:000249434100001 PM 17601750 ER PT S AU Andrews, RJ AF Andrews, Russell J. BE Slikker, W Andrew, RJ Trembly, B TI Neuroprotection at the nanolevel - Part I - Introduction to nanoneurosurgery SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS: EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL NEUROPROTECTION SOCIETY MEETING SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents CY SEP 18-20, 2006 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Int Neuroprotect Soc DE carbon nanotubes; nanoelectrode arrays; nanoscaffolds; nanotechnology; neuromodulation; neuroprotection; quantum dots ID NANOTECHNOLOGY; EMERGENCE; NANOMEDICINE; REGENERATION; PROGRESS; WORLD AB Nanoneurosurgery demands a departure from the traditional "excise what you can see and touch" role of neurosurgeons. Moreover, there is a conceptual leap necessary for neuroscientists as well as neurosurgeons in developing and applying nanotechniques to neurosurgery at the nanolevel. After introducing the realm of nanotechnology and some unique properties of nanomaterials, I review several of the nanotechniques in development that are most likely to affect neuroprotection at the nanolevel. These techniques include quantum dot "nanobarcode" labeling of cellular and subcellular entities, as well as nanotechniques for following enzymatic reactions in real time. Nanoscaffolds offer mechanical enhancement of neurorepair; carbon nanotube electrode arrays can provide nanolevel electrical and chemical enhancement. Even traditional "cut and sew" surgery is being taken down to the micron, if not nano, level for single axon repair, and the technology can use capillaries to deliver therapeutics to virtually any portion of the nervous system with greater than pinpoint accuracy. In this report, I use these nanotechniques to introduce the multiplex nanodevices under development. C1 [Andrews, Russell J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Andrews, RJ (reprint author), 50 E Hamilton Ave,Ste 120, Campbell, CA 95032 USA. EM rja@russelljandrews.org NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-685-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2007 VL 1122 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1196/annals.1403.012 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BHD20 UT WOS:000252267100012 PM 18077572 ER PT S AU Andrews, RJ AF Andrews, Russell J. BE Slikker, W Andrew, RJ Trembly, B TI Neuroprotection at the nanolevel - Part II - Nanodevices for neuromodulation-deep brain stimulation and spinal cord injury SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS: EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL NEUROPROTECTION SOCIETY MEETING SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents CY SEP 18-20, 2006 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Int Neuroprotect Soc DE carbon nanotubes; deep brain stimulation; nanoelectrode arrays; nanoscaffolds; nanotechnology; neuromodulation; neuroprotection; quantum dots; spinal cord injury ID SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; NEXT-GENERATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NANONEUROSURGERY; EMERGENCE; TREK; NANOMEDICINE; PROGRESS AB Nanotechniques presented in this article's companion report are being multiplexed into nanodevices that promise to greatly advance our understanding and treatment of many nervous system disorders. Current neuromodulation techniques for deep brain stimulation have major drawbacks, such as large size (in comparison with ideal of small neuron group stimulation), lack of feedback monitoring of brain electrical activity, and high electrical current needs. Carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays address these drawbacks and offer the possibility of monitoring neurotransmitter levels at the synapse/neuronal level in real time. Such arrays can monitor and modulate electrochemical events occurring among neural networks, which should add greatly to our understanding of neuronal communication. A multiplex nanodevice for studying (and enhancing) axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury is also being developed. The nanotechniques described in the companion piece are combined in a micron-sized neural growth tube lined with nanodevices through which the regenerating axon extends-allowing continuous monitoring and modulation of the axon's electrochemical environment plus directional guidance with a biodegradable nanoscaffold. Multifunction nanodevices provide opportunities for neuronal (and subneuronal) monitoring and modulation that will enhance neuroprotection and neurorepair far beyond the micro- and macrolevel techniques used heretofore. C1 [Andrews, Russell J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Andrews, RJ (reprint author), 50 E Hamilton Ave,Ste 120, Campbell, CA 95032 USA. EM rja@russelljandrews.org NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-685-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2007 VL 1122 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1196/annals.1403.013 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BHD20 UT WOS:000252267100013 PM 18077573 ER PT B AU Noglik, JB Walsh, RW Ireland, J AF Noglik, Jane B. Walsh, Robert W. Ireland, Jack BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI Investigation of coronal loop temperatures using three EUV filters and implications for future work with Solar-B SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House ID TRACE AB In 2002 Chae et al. proposed a two filter ratio method for determining unambiguous temperature values for the plasma in the solar corona. When applying this method to SOHO/EIT it was found that outside the range of 0.7 - 4 MK the errors for the instrument response functions were so large that the values could not be trusted. This paper analyses a SOHO/EIT data set of loops at the solar limb. It was found that none of the points taken from along the coronal structure sat on the colour-colour curve. This could be due to a number of different reasons such as the time lapse between the three EUV images, the fairly poor resolution of EIT, plasma flows along the loop or perhaps looking through a multi-thermal atmosphere. Considering the latter, using a simple two temperature approach, it was found that it is possible to reproduce our results in this way. C1 [Noglik, Jane B.; Walsh, Robert W.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Ireland, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, L3 Commun, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Noglik, JB (reprint author), Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. FU PPARC; ESA; NASA FX JBN was supported in this Research by a PPARC research studentship.SOHO is project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 303 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600041 ER PT B AU Moore, RL Sterling, AC AF Moore, Ronald L. Sterling, Alphonse C. BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI Origin of the sheared magnetic fields that explode in flares and coronal mass ejections SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House AB From observations of 37 flare-arcade events, their magnetic settings, their sheared core fields, and the coronal mass ejections from these events, we find evidence that the sheared core fields in mature magnetic arcades are not formed by bodily emergence of a twisted flux rope along the neutral line. This implies that these sigmoidal sheared fields are instead formed by reconnection and flows above and in the photosphere. A high priority of Solar-B should be to discover the evolutionary processes that build the sigmoidal sheared fields along mature neutral lines. C1 [Moore, Ronald L.; Sterling, Alphonse C.] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Moore, RL (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM ron.moore@nasa.gov; alphonse.sterling@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 539 EP 542 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600074 ER PT B AU Ofman, L AF Ofman, Leon BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI The energetics of the slow solar wind SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; STREAMERS; ACCELERATION; VELOCITIES; WAVES AB Observations and numerical models show that the slow solar wind is associated with coronal streamers. However, the exact heating and acceleration mechanism of the slow wind is unknown. Moreover, the energization mechanism is likely to be different for electrons, protons, and heavy ions. Some of the main objectives of Solar-B is to understand the opening of magnetic field and heating of the coronal plasma that forms the solar wind. Recent results of three-fluid numerical models of the slow solar wind heating and acceleration in coronal streamers are shown. The possible heating mechanisms of electrons, protons, and heavy ions in the slow wind, and the formation of open flux in streamers is discussed. The relation of the numerical results to past observations by SOHO, and Ulysses spacecraft, and future observations with Solar-B is discussed. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ofman, L (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, GSFC, Code 612 1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 569 EP 572 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600078 ER PT B AU Yamauchi, Y Wang, H Moore, RL AF Yamauchi, Yohei Wang, Haimin Moore, Ronald L. BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI Study of small-scale dynamics in quiet regions from TRACE/BBSO observations SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House ID H-ALPHA MACROSPICULES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; CORONAL HOLES; SOLAR AB TRACE UV observations of coronal holes and quiet regions were made in September 2004 jointly with H alpha and magnetogram observations at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) to study the structure, evolution, and magnetic setting of small-scale explosive events in those regions. Such activity in the fine-scale mixed-polarity magnetic fields in the network is believed to play an important role in coronal heating and solar wind acceleration. From the observations, 373 events were identified. Of these, 343 events were in the form of a spiked jet and 10 events were in the form of an erupting loop. Twenty were un-classifiable. The spiky events were rooted in compact bipolar fields at the edges of the magnetic network and 76% of the events showed brightening at their base in C IV 1550 angstrom images. This is further evidence that spiky macrospicules are driven by reconnection between a network bipole and high-reaching magnetic fields. C1 [Yamauchi, Yohei] Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Gifu 5061314, Japan. [Wang, Haimin] CSTR, NJIT, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Moore, Ronald L.] NASA, MSFC, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Yamauchi, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Gifu 5061314, Japan. FU NASA's Office of Space Science through its Solar and Helispheric Physics Supporting Reseach and Technology program; Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator Program FX This work was supported by NASA's Office of Space Science through its Solar and Helispheric Physics Supporting Reseach and Technology program and its Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator Program. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 573 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600079 ER PT S AU Johnson, L Young, RM Montgomery, EE AF Johnson, Les Young, Roy M. Montgomery, Edward E. BE Belbruno, E TI Status of solar sail propulsion: Moving toward an interstellar probe SO NEW TRENDS IN ASTRODYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS III SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY AUG 16-18, 2006 CL Princeton, NJ SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ DE solar sail propulsion; interstellar probe; interstellar travel AB NASA's In-Space Propulsion Technology Program has developed the first-generation of solar sail propulsion systems sufficient to accomplish inner solar system science and exploration missions. These first-generation solar sails, when operational, will range in size from 40 meters to well over 100 meters in diameter and have an areal density of less than 13 grams-per-square meter. A rigorous, multiyear technology development effort culminated last year in the testing of two different 20-meter solar sail systems under thermal vacuum conditions. This effort provided a number of significant insights into the optimal design and expected performance of solar sails as well as an understanding of the methods and costs of building and using them. In a separate effort, solar sail orbital analysis tools for mission design were developed and tested. Laboratory simulations of the effects of long-term space radiation exposure were also conducted on two candidate solar sail materials. Detailed radiation and charging environnients were defined for mission trajectories outside the protection of the earth's magnetosphere, in the solar wind environment. These were used in other analytical tools to prove the adequacy of sail design features for accommodating the harsh space environment. Preceding, and in conjunction with these technology efforts, NASA sponsored several mission application studies for solar sails, including one that would use an evolved sail capability to support humanity's first mission into nearby interstellar space. The proposed mission is called the Interstellar Probe. The Interstellar Probe might be accomplished in several ways. A 200-meter sail, with an areal density approaching 1 gram-per-square meter, could accelerate a robotic probe to the very edge of the solar system in just under 20 years from launch. A sail using the technology just demonstrated could make the same mission, but take significantly longer. Conventional chemical propulsion systems would require even longer flight times. Spinner sails of the type being explored by the Japanese may also be a good option, but the level of maturity in that technology is not clear. While the technology to support a 200-meter, ultralightweigbt sail mission is not yet in hand, the recent NASA investments in solar sail technology are an essential first step toward making it a reality. This paper will describe the status of solar sail propulsion within NASA, near-term solar sail mission applications, and the plan to advance the technology to the point where the Interstellar Probe mission can be flown. C1 [Johnson, Les; Young, Roy M.; Montgomery, Edward E.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Johnson, L (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. FU In-Space Propulsion Technology Program; NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington FX The work described in this paper was funded in whole or in part by the In-Space Propulsion Technology Program, which is managed by NASAs Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C., and implemented by the In-Space Propulsion Technology Project at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. The program objective is to develop in-space propulsion technologies that can enable or benefit near- and mid-term NASA space science missions by significantly reducing cost, mass or travel times. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0389-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 886 BP 207 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGA68 UT WOS:000245812900018 ER PT S AU Smelyanskiy, VN Luchinsky, DG Duggento, A McClintock, PVE AF Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. Luchinsky, Dmitry G. Duggento, Andrea McClintock, Peter V. E. BE Bezrukov, SM TI Bayesian inferential framework for diagnosis of non-stationary systems - art. no. 66021A SO Noise and Fluctuations in Biological, Biophysical, and Biomedical Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise and Fluctuations in Biological, Biophysical, and Biomedical Systems CY MAY 21-23, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, SIOF, SPIE Europe DE nonlinear time-series analysis; Bayesian inference; varying parameters; FitzHugh-Nagumo; measurement; matrix ID EQUATIONS AB A Bayesian framework for parameter inference in non-stationary, nonlinear, stochastic, dynamical systems is introduced. It is applied to decode time variation of control parameters from time-series data modelling physiological signals. In this context a system of FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) oscillators is considered, for which synthetically generated signals are mixed via a measurement matrix. For each oscillator only one of the dynamical variables is assumed to be measured, while another variable remains hidden (unobservable). The control parameter for each FHN oscillator is varying in time. It is shown that the proposed approach allows one: (i) to reconstruct both unmeasured (hidden) variables of the FHN oscillators and the model parameters, (ii) to detect stepwise changes of control parameters for each oscillator, and (iii) to follow a continuous evolution of the control parameters in the quasi-adiabatic limit. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Smelyanskiy, VN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Luchinsky, Dmitry/N-4177-2014 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6739-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6602 BP A6021 EP A6021 AR 66021A DI 10.1117/12.724697 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BGT41 UT WOS:000250406300033 ER PT S AU Lakew, B Aslam, S Jones, H AF Lakew, B. Aslam, S. Jones, H. BE Macucci, M Vandamme, LKJ Ciofi, C Weissman, MB TI Noise in superconducting MgB2 thin film SO NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS IN CIRCUITS, DEVICES, AND MATERIALS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise and Fluctuations in Circuits, Devices and Materials CY MAY 21-24, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE DE magnesium diboride; MgB2; noise spectral density; superconductor ID BOLOMETER AB Noise was studied in an MgB2 thin film grown on a SiN substrate, with a superconducting transition temperature, Tc, near 39K. At the mid-point of the transition and at 10Hz a noise spectral density S-v = 0.34nVHz(1/2) was measured. The temperature noise, Kn, of the MgB2 film at different frequencies is compared to that of cuprate high temperature superconducting (HTS) thin films (with Tc similar to 90 K) used currently in transition-edge devices. Kn values predict that 2-D arrays of high performance infrared devices can be developed using MgB2. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lakew, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Aslam, Shahid/D-1099-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6737-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6600 AR 660022 DI 10.1117/12.724658 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BGR48 UT WOS:000250107300061 ER PT S AU Kapale, KT Didomenico, LD Lee, H Kok, P Dowling, JP AF Kapale, Kishore T. Didomenico, Leo D. Lee, Hwang Kok, Pieter Dowling, Jonathan P. BE Cohen, L TI Quantum interferometric sensors - art. no. 660316 SO Noise and Fluctuations in Photonics, Quantum Optics, and Communications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise and Fluctuations in Photonics, Quantum Optics, and Communications CY MAY 21-24, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, SIOF, SPIE Europe DE quantum imaging; quantum entanglement; quantum metrology ID LIMIT; COMPUTATION; PHOTONS; NOISE; SU(2) AB Quantum entanglement has the potential to revolutionize the entire field of interferometric sensing by providing many orders of magnitude improvement in interferometer sensitivity. The quantum-entangled particle interferometer approach is very general and applies to many types of interferometers. In particular, without nonlocal entanglement, a generic classical interferometer has a statistical-sampling shot-noise limited sensitivity that scales like 1/root N, where N is the number of particles passing through the interferometer per unit time. However, if carefully prepared quantum correlations are engineered between the particles, then the interferometer sensitivity improves by a factor of root N to scale like 1/N, which is the limit imposed by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. For optical interferometers operating at milliwatts of optical power, this quantum sensitivity boost corresponds to an eight-order-of-magnitude improvement of signal to noise. This effect can translate into a tremendous science pay-off for space missions. For example, one application of this new effect is to fiber optical gyroscopes for deep-space inertial guidance and tests of General Relativity (Gravity Probe 13). Another application is to ground and orbiting optical interferometers for gravity, wave detection, Laser Interferometer Gravity Observatory (LIGO) and the European Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), respectively. Other applications are to Satellite-to-Satellite laser Interferometry (SSI) proposed for the next generation Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE II). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kapale, KT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169315,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Kok, Pieter/B-1658-2010 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6740-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6603 BP 60316 EP 60316 AR 660316 DI 10.1117/12.724317 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGT42 UT WOS:000250406900034 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madams, EI Seebo, JP Smith, SW Lomness, JK Hintze, PE Kammerer, CC Winfree, WP Russell, RW AF Anastasi, Robert F. Madams, Eric I. Seebo, Jeffrey P. Smith, Stephen W. Lomness, Janice K. Hintze, Paul E. Kammerer, Catherine C. Winfree, William P. Russell, Richard W. BE Wu, HF Diaz, AA Shull, PJ TI Terahertz NDE application for corrosion detection and evaluation under shuttle tiles - art. no. 65310W SO Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 CY MAR 20-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE terahertz; nondestructive evaluation; corrosion ID TIME AB Pulsed Terahertz NDE is being examined as a method to inspect for possible corrosion under Space Shuttle Tiles. Other methods such as ultrasonics, infrared, eddy current and microwave technologies have demonstrable shortcomings for tile NDE. This work applies Terahertz NDE, in the frequency range between 50 GHz and 1 THz, for the inspection of manufactured corrosion samples. The samples consist of induced corrosion spots that range in diameter (2.54 to 15.2 mm) and depth (0.036 to 0.787 mm) in an aluminum substrate material covered with tiles. Results of these measurements are presented for known corrosion flaws both covered and uncovered and for blind tests with unknown corrosion flaws covered with attached tiles. The Terahertz NDE system is shown to detect all artificially manufactured corrosion regions under a Shuttle tile with a depth greater than 0.13 mm. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA,AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Langley Res Ctr,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA,AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Langley Res Ctr,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. OI Hintze, Paul/0000-0002-9962-2955 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6652-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6531 BP W5310 EP W5310 AR 65310W DI 10.1117/12.715128 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK43 UT WOS:000247961500026 ER PT B AU Baker, DN Klimas, AJ Vassiliadis, D AF Baker, D. N. Klimas, A. J. Vassiliadis, D. BE Tsonis, A Elsner, JB TI Nonlinear dynamics in the earth's magnetosphere SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP Aegean Conf, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Geosci Union ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; TURBULENCE; MAGNETOTAIL; SUBSTORMS; SYSTEM; ANALOG; MODEL AB Observational evidence and numerical modeling demonstrate that substorms are a global, coherent set of processes within the magnetosphere and ionosphere. This knowledge supports the view that magnetospheric substorms are a configurational instability of the coupled global system. The magnetosphere progresses through a specific sequence of energy-loading and stress-developing states until the entire system suddenly reconfigures. The energy loading-unloading sequence is the basis of nonlinear dynamics models that have been successful in describing the essential behavior of substorms without invoking detailed treatments of the internal substorm instability mechanism. Recent results in data analysis and modeling show that powerful concepts in statistical physics and applied mathematics can be incorporated into space plasma physical research. A number of methods for modeling complex systems, data assimilation, system estimation, and predictive methods have been applied to the recent wealth of ionospheric and magnetospheric data. Nonlinear prediction schemes, for example, have greatly improved space weather forecasting and in most instances they remain more accurate and faster than physics-based models. From the standpoint of basic physical understanding, self-organized criticality recently has been used to describe scale-free avalanching phenomena observed in space plasma domains such as the plasma sheet and its low-altitude extension in the ionosphere. Self-organized criticality arises in the bursty transport of magnetic energy (flux) from the tail lobes, through the plasma sheet, and out of the mid-tail region where reconnection occurs. Multi-point measurement techniques and missions are being developed to determine the spatial and temporal development of the global phenomena that constitute energy dissipation within the magnetosphere. C1 [Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Klimas, A. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vassiliadis, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-34917-6 PY 2007 BP 53 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-34918-3_4 PG 3 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BGV09 UT WOS:000250749100004 ER PT B AU Vassiliadis, D Pulkkinen, A Klimas, AJ Baker, DN AF Vassiliadis, D. Pulkkinen, A. Klimas, A. J. Baker, D. N. BE Tsonis, A Elsner, JB TI Predicting the multifractal geomagnetic field SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP Aegean Conf, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Geosci Union ID NONLINEAR SURROGATE DATA; INDEX TIME-SERIES; AE INDEX; MAGNETOSPHERIC DATA; DYNAMICS; SUBSTORMS; DIMENSION; MODEL; SYSTEMS; CHAOS AB The geomagnetic field at the Earth's surface is determined by a large number of current sources, internal and external, which vary at overlapping time scales. As a result, the time variation of the field, ranging from nHz to tens of Hz, can be modeled as a multifractal whose properties depend on frequency and activity level, with the latter being largely determined by the external driving due to the interplanetary medium. Multifractal properties are apparent in all measures, conventional or modem, of magnetic activity: the magnitude and individual components; regional and global nonlinear averages known as magnetic indices; and nonstationary oscillations due to wave excitation and damping. In recent years, we have developed predictive models of the three types of measures which are representations of the field's modes of response to interplanetary magnetic and plasma variables. Thus, although the field's time variation appears multifractal, many of its features are predictable since they are related to nonlinear modes in response to the turbulent interplanetary medium. We present two examples: the predictive modeling of the high-latitude field disturbances as a response to the interplanetary electric field, and that of its derivative, partial derivative B /partial derivative t, at mid- and high latitudes as a response to the solar wind plasma moments. We discuss the merits and disadvantages of the,"modal" versus the "multifractal" approach. C1 [Vassiliadis, D.] NASA, ST, GSFC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Pulkkinen, A.] NASA, GFSC, UMBC, GEST, Baltimore, MD USA. [Klimas, A. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vassiliadis, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Vassiliadis, D (reprint author), NASA, ST, GSFC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM dvassili@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov; antti.pulkkinen@nasa.gov; alex.klimas@nasa.gov; daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [0602652] FX The chapter is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0602652. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-34917-6 PY 2007 BP 581 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-34918-3_31 PG 4 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BGV09 UT WOS:000250749100031 ER PT J AU Sun, Z Tangborn, A Kuang, W AF Sun, Z. Tangborn, A. Kuang, W. TI Data assimilation in a sparsely observed one-dimensional modeled MHD system SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; FIELD; DYNAMO; EARTH; CORE AB A one dimensional non-linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system has been introduced to test a sequential optimal interpolation assimilation technique that uses a Monte-Carlo method to calculate the forecast error covariance. An ensemble of 100 model runs with perturbed initial conditions are used to construct the covariance, and the assimilation algorithm is tested using Observation Simulation Experiments (OSE's). The system is run with a variety of observation types (magnetic and/or velocity fields) and a range of observation densities. The impact of cross covariances between velocity and magnetic fields is investigated by running the assimilation with and without these terms. Sets of twin experiments show that while observing both velocity and magnetic fields has the greatest positive impact on the system, observing the magnetic field alone can also effectively constrain the system. Observations of the velocity field are ineffective as a constraint on the magnetic field, even when observations are made at every point. The implications for geomagnetic data assimilation are discussed. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Sci Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tangborn, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Sci Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM tangborn@umbc.edu RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012 OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 181 EP 192 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 179RU UT WOS:000247308600008 ER PT S AU Howard, JM AF Howard, Joseph M. BE Koshel, RJ Gregory, GG TI Optical modeling activities for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): IV. Overview and introduction of MATLAB based toolkits used to interface with optical design software - art. no. 666804 SO NOVEL OPTICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization CY AUG 28-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical design; optical Modeling; integrated Modeling; MATLAB; CODE V; OSLO; ZEMAX AB This paper is part four of a series on the ongoing optical modeling activities for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The first two papers discussed modeling JWST on-orbit performance using wavefront sensitivities to predict line of sight motion induced blur, and stability during thermal transients. The third paper investigates the aberrations resulting from alignment and figure compensation of the controllable degrees of freedom (primary and secondary mirrors), which may be encountered during ground alignment and on-orbit commissioning of the observatory. The work here introduces some of the math software tools used to perform the work of the previous three papers of this series. NASA has recently approved these in-house tools for public release as open source, so this presentation also serves as a quick tutorial on their use. The tools are collections of functions written for use in MATLAB to interface with optical design software (CODE V, OSLO, and ZEMAX) using either COM or DDE communication protocol. The functions are discussed, and examples are given. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Howard, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6816-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6668 BP 66804 EP 66804 DI 10.1117/12.735046 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Education & Educational Research; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHH94 UT WOS:000253370700003 ER PT J AU Cor, JJ Miller, TF Richter, JD AF Cor, Joseph J. Miller, Timothy F. Richter, Joel D. TI Linear Fourier and iteration-delay analysis of a computational fluid dynamics problem during execution SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID SIMPLER METHOD; FLOWS; SCHEME; ALGORITHM AB The basic equations for the Fourier error analysis are developed and then applied to the scalar conservation equation of a sample computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problem in which variables are continuously updated. The analysis helps explain basic features of numerical stability. When divergence and neutral stability are encountered, Fourier analysis provides insight into the emergence and location of the instability, but is not by itself found to be a sufficient indicator of the existence of numerical instability. Further analysis of central differencing cases is made using a variation on time-delay reconstruction, from chaos theory. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Cor, JJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, PO Box 30, N Atherton St, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM jjc19@psu.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 387 EP 407 DI 10.1080/10407790701443834 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 218AI UT WOS:000249988000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Fisher, TS Mingo, N AF Zhang, W. Fisher, T. S. Mingo, N. TI The atomistic Green's function method: An efficient simulation approach for nanoscale phonon transport SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; HEAT-TRANSFER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTANCE; QUANTUM; TEMPERATURES; SOLIDS; WIRE AB This article presents a general formulation of an atomistic Green's function (AGF) method. The atomistic Green's function approach combines atomic-scale fidelity with asymptotic treatment of large-scale (bulk) features, such that the method is particularly well suited to address an emerging class of multiscale transport problems. A detailed mathematical derivation of the phonon transmission function is provided in terms of Green's functions and, using the transmission function, the heat flux integral is written in Landauer form. Within this theoretical framework, the required inputs to calculate heat flux are equilibrium atomic locations and an appropriate interatomic potential. Relevant algorithmic and implementation details are discussed. Several examples including a homogeneous atomic chain and two heterogeneous atomic chains are included to illustrate the applications of this methodology. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Birk Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NASA, Ames Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 1205 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X NR 33 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 EI 1521-0626 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 333 EP 349 DI 10.1080/10407790601144755 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 168VA UT WOS:000246550900002 ER PT B AU Bhartia, PK AF Bhartia, Pawan K. BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI Air-quality study from geostationary/high-altitude orbits SO OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: SATELLITE, AIRCRAFT, SENSOR WEB AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; TOMS MEASUREMENTS C1 [Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 961, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bhartia, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 961, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pawan.bhartia@nasa.gov RI Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 23 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300002 ER PT B AU Trepte, C AF Trepte, Chip BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI Aerosol forcing and the A-Train SO OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: SATELLITE, AIRCRAFT, SENSOR WEB AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS ID MISSION; CLOUDS; OCEANS C1 [Trepte, Chip] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Trepte, C (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM c.r.trepte@larc.nasa.gov RI Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012 OI Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 38 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300003 ER PT B AU Bhartia, PK AF Bhartia, Pawan K. BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI Total ozone from backscattered ultraviolet measurements SO OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: SATELLITE, AIRCRAFT, SENSOR WEB AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS ID ATMOSPHERIC OZONE; TOMS C1 [Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bhartia, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pawan.bhartia@nasa.gov RI Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 48 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_3 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300004 ER PT B AU Schoeberl, MR AF Schoeberl, Mark R. BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI The EOS Aura mission SO OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: SATELLITE, AIRCRAFT, SENSOR WEB AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS ID UARS C1 [Schoeberl, Mark R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 990, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schoeberl, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 990, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mark.r.schoeberl@nasa.gov RI Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012 OI Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 64 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_4 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300005 ER PT B AU Newman, PA AF Newman, Paul A. BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI Uninhabited aerial vehicles: Current and future use SO OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: SATELLITE, AIRCRAFT, SENSOR WEB AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 916,Bldg 33,Room E320, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Newman, PA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 916,Bldg 33,Room E320, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM paul.a.newman@nasa.gov RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 106 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_8 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300009 ER PT B AU Newman, PA AF Newman, Paul A. BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI Comparison of measurements - Calibration and validation SO Observing Systems for Atmospheric Composition: Satellite, Aircraft, Sensor Web and Ground-Based Observational Methods and Strategies LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS ID OZONE; ER-2 C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Newman, PA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 916,Bldg 33,Room,E320, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 182 EP 199 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_14 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300015 ER PT B AU Schoeberl, MR Talabac, S AF Schoeberl, Mark R. Talabac, Stephen BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI The sensor web: A future technique for increasing science return SO OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: SATELLITE, AIRCRAFT, SENSOR WEB AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS C1 [Schoeberl, Mark R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Mail Code 900, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schoeberl, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Mail Code 900, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mark.r.schoeberl@nasa.gov RI Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012 OI Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 203 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_15 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300016 ER PT B AU Rood, RB AF Rood, Richard B. BE Visconti, G DiCarlo, P Brune, WH Schoeberl, M Wahner, A TI Fundamentals of modeling, data assimilation, and high-performance computing SO OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: SATELLITE, AIRCRAFT, SENSOR WEB AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Science CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL L Aquila, ITALY SP Italian Minist Environm, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS ID OZONE DATA; ART.; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rood, RB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Mail code 930,8800 Greenbalt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.B.Rood@nasa.gov RI Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012 OI Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-30719-0 PY 2007 BP 207 EP 229 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-35848-2_16 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ26 UT WOS:000243747300017 ER PT J AU Canuto, VM Dubovikov, MS AF Canuto, V. M. Dubovikov, M. S. TI Reply to the comment by T.J. McDougall, P.R. Gent and S. Drijfhout SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESIDUAL-MEAN VELOCITY; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; EQUATION; TRACER; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; THERMOCLINE; MESOSCALES; RESOLUTION AB McDougall, Gent, and Drijfhout's [McDougall, T.J., Gent, P., Drijfhout, S.S., in press. Comment on "Dynamical model of mesoscales in z-coordinates" and "The effect of mesoscales on the tracer equation in z-coordinates OGCMs" by V.M. Canuto and M.S. Dubovikov. Ocean Modell. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.11.004, cited as MGD] opening sentence is that we have suggested that OGCMs have ignored a large diapycnal flux Sigma in the mean buoyancy equation. As everybody knows, they have. The fact that in the Eulerian framework Sigma exists and is large is uncontroversial. The real question is whether one should include Sigma in OGCMs or whether there exists a formalism in which Sigma does not show up in the mean buoyancy equation while at the same time the momentum equations are the same as the ones solved by OGCMs. MGD present a defense of the TRM formalism which they claim does exactly that. The belief in TRM, they write, is widely spread among oceanographers and thus they cast our work as going against popular wisdom. Since we are not dealing with a popular context but with a scientific issue that is either correct or incorrect, the MGD claim about TRM must be scrutinized in detail. We have done so and our result, which we present in detail so that it can be checked, tested and verified, is that a key assumption concerning the TRM momentum equation is badly violated. Specifically, when compared with the OGCMs mean momentum equations, the TRM version of the Eulerian mean momentum equations contain an additional term which MGD claim is smaller than other terms and thus negligible. By contrast, we show it is much larger than the non-linear terms. Our conclusion is that MGD's contention that TRM exonerates OGCMs from having to include Sigma is true but incomplete. The question concerning the presence or not of Sigma in the mean buoyancy equation remains unresolved. A final comment may be of interest. MGD's lengthy and fervent defense of TRM is at odds with the fact that in our papers [Canuto, V.M., Dubovikov, M.S., 2006. Dynamical model of mesoscales in z-coordinates. Ocean Modell. 11, 123166; Canuto, V.M., Dubovikov, M.S., 2007. The effect of mesoscales on the tracer equation in z coordinates OGCMs. Ocean Modell. 16, 17-27] we never criticized it since it had little overlap with our mesoscale model. On the other hand, the Comments by MGD forced us to dwell into TRM and what we found is that it does not do what the authors promised and the community, including us, took to be true. At the same time, none of the criticisms of MGD has any effect on any results we have derived in our work. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.11.005 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 165CD UT WOS:000246280500006 ER PT J AU Haza, AC Mariano, AJ Chin, TM Olson, DB AF Haza, Angelique C. Mariano, Arthur J. Chin, Toshio M. Olson, Donald B. TI The mean flow and variability of the Gulf stream-slopewater system from MICOM SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NEW-ENGLAND SEAMOUNTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MODEL; OCEAN; WATER; CIRCULATION; SEPARATION; ALTIMETER; TRANSPORT AB The slopewater region is influenced by surface wind-driven, deep buoyancy-driven and shelf currents, whose complex interactions can affect both the northward heat transport and southward return flows. The mean flow and variability of the Gulf Stream-slopewater system are studied using four year outputs of Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) realistic high-resolution simulation of the North Atlantic circulation. Special attention is focused on the eastward Slopewater Jet (SJ), a surface current characterized by a mean path coinciding with the strong outcropping temperature front in the slopewater. The water mass, path and transport of the SJ in MICOM are found to be in reasonable agreement with the existing observations. The modeled SJ is associated in part with a GS' secondary branch, induced by a Taylor column effect of the New England Seamount Chain (NESC) on the upper GS. This upper-ocean-topographic coupling results in a spatial GS bifurcation, and advection of GS waters into the slopewater region shortly downstream of the NESC. An EOF analysis of the pycnocline depth confirms this tendency, as the first mode displays a qualitative dependence of the GS fan-shape streamline dispersion on the strength and intersecting latitude of the incident GS. Additionally, the model displays a strong influence of the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) on the path of the SJ, by acting as a potential vorticity barrier. Important interactions between the two currents are suggested by the statistical EOF of the slopewater column, as in observations. Downstream of the NESC, the SJ transport variability is seasonal in MICOM, due to the north-south annual oscillation of the GS path and mergings with anticyclonic eddies. However, the variability of the SJ velocity profile is dominated (49% eigenvalue) by lateral translations of the current, at a 9-month timescale characteristic of GS meander-intensity variability. South of the Grand Banks, the transport variations of both the SJ and Labrador Current (LC) are captured by the first mode of the upper-slope water (37% of the variability), with predominant timescales corresponding to the upstream variability of the GS, and seasonality of the LC. Both modes are also in reasonable agreement with observations. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Haza, AC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ahaza@rsmas.miami.edu OI Olson, Donald/0000-0001-7180-5672 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 239 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.02.003 PG 38 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 177YF UT WOS:000247187700004 ER PT J AU Canuto, VM Dubovikov, MS AF Canuto, V. M. Dubovikov, M. S. TI The effect of mesoscales on the tracer equation in z-coordinates OGCMs SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; EDDIES; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; VELOCITY AB In z-coordinates ocean codes, mesoscale fluxes entering the T,S equations are represented by three terms: an eddy-induced velocity, a diapycnal flux Sigma and a diffusion (Redi-like) term. Several eddy resolving codes have shown that the diapyenal flux Sigma is quite large. However, all ocean codes have been run with zero diapycnal flux, Sigma = 0. We model Sigma and show that its contribution is of the same order of magnitude as the other two mesoscale terms usually accounted for. We also assess the validity of the two arguments most frequently cited to neglect Sigma: (1) in an adiabatic regime, fluxes across isopycnal surfaces must vanish and so must the diapycnal flux Sigma (we show that since 2; is not the total buoyancy flux but only part of it, there is no justification in demanding that Sigma should satisfy the same conditions as the total flux) and (2) the results of a z-coordinate ocean code without Sigma can be re-interpreted as those derived from the TRM (temporal residual mean) in which there is no Sigma almost by definition since TRM is quite close to an isopycnal model. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.06.002 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 130YA UT WOS:000243833700002 ER PT J AU Canuto, VM Cheng, Y Howard, AM AF Canuto, V. M. Cheng, Y. Howard, A. M. TI Non-local ocean mixing model and a new plume model for deep convection SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; TURBULENCE CLOSURE; 4TH-ORDER MOMENTS; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; 3RD-ORDER MOMENTS; PBL MODEL; PART I; TRANSPORT; MASS AB Turbulent fluxes can be represented by a diffusivity tensor, the symmetric part of which describes "turbulent diffusion" while the anti-symmetric part describes "advection". Diffusion is a local process in the sense that it depends only on the local gradients of the mean fields while advection is non-local for it is represented by an integral over all length scales (all eddies) that can "fit" from say the bottom of the physical domain to the where the fluxes are computed. In the ocean, there are two main regimes where non-local transport is important. One regime is where storms release a sudden burst of mechanical energy to the ocean surface that is then transported downward by energetic eddies that deepen the mixed layer. Even relatively simple non-local models yield results considerably more realistic than those of local models. The second regime is deep convection (DC) caused by loss of surface buoyancy, the description of which is required for a reliable assessment of water masses formation. At present, there is no reliable model for either of these non-local regimes individually or much less a formalism capable of accounting for both regimes simultaneously. The goal of this paper is to present a formalism that provides the expressions for the non-local fluxes for momentum, heat and salinity encompassing both cases. Since the resulting number of dynamic equations involves is however large, we work out two sub-models, one when only shear must be treated non-locally (e.g., when storms release mechanical energy) and one when only buoyancy is to be treated non-locally (the DC case). We employ the Reynolds Stress formalism in which non-locality is represented by the third-order moments which in turn depend on the fourth-order moments for which we employ a new model that has been tested against LES data, aircraft data and a full PBL simulation. For the DC case, we rewrite the non-local model in terms of Plumes since thus far the only non-local model used to treat oceanic DC has been the "plume model" of Morton, Taylor and Turner (MTT model). We show that the MTT model has two key limitations, (1) an important physical process such as the rate of entrainment cannot be determined by the model and remains an adjustable parameter and (2) MTT is purely advective and thus only applicable to the initial stages of DC but not to the whole process which is both advective and diffusive. The model we derive bypasses these limitations, is a generalization of the MTT model and is applicable to the entire development of deep convection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.07.003 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 130YA UT WOS:000243833700003 ER PT B AU Asada, A Mochizuki, M Ura, T Zheng, H Tanaka, T Colombo, O Ensign, T Nagahashi, K AF Asada, Akira Mochizuki, Masashi Ura, Tamaki Zheng, Hong Tanaka, Teruki Colombo, Oscar Ensign, Tom Nagahashi, Kenji GP IEEE TI Evaluation result of new seafloor mirror transponder and AUV observation system in seafloor geodetic observation SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE AUV observation; crustal deformation; spherical acoustic transducer; seafloor geodetic observation AB Intending to capture sea-bottom crustal deformations with high accuracy, we have been developing new technologies for seafloor geodetic observations with an AUV. This has led to the development of a small high-performance geodetic observation system and an ideal spherical acoustic transducer, both to be mounted on an AUV, and the tuning and evaluation tests of them have yielded good results. C1 [Asada, Akira; Mochizuki, Masashi; Ura, Tamaki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Zheng, Hong; Tanaka, Teruki] SEA Corp, Chiba, Japan. [Colombo, Oscar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ensign, Tom] Engn Acoust Inc, Casselberry, FL 32707 USA. [Nagahashi, Kenji] Mitsui Engn Shipbldg Co, Tokyo, Japan. RP Asada, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. EM asada@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; moma@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ura@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; hzheng@seanct.co.jp; teruki@seanet.co.jp; ocolombo@puuoo.gsfc.nasa.gov; ensign@eaiinfo.com; nagahak@mes.co.jp NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 79 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200015 ER PT B AU Tweedie, MS Snyder, HD AF Tweedie, M. Sara Snyder, H. David GP IEEE TI Ocean motion in your classroom SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE education; ocean surface currents; satellites AB The Ocean Motion web site (http://oceanmotion.org) provides a toolbox of satellite data and classroom ready materials for high school teachers and students to investigate ocean surface currents. The ocean has played a major role in the history of human civilizations, explorations and commerce, which makes the ocean surface an exciting environment for scientific research, as well as, adventure. The scientific study of ocean surface currents provides numerous connections to traditional topics studied in history, geography, biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. Study of the ocean surface is also of great relevance for social, economic, and humanitarian reasons. Ocean and atmospheric circulation interact to play an essential role in sustaining life by moderating climate over the Earth's surface. Investigate a multi-year record of global data for sea surface temperature, height, winds, and ocean color. These global data are made available to teachers, students and the general public through an easy-to-use interface. The range of topics covered by the Teacher and Student Guides, their stand-alone style and focus on traditional science concepts will promote their use in traditional science and mathematics classrooms. C1 [Tweedie, M. Sara] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Tweedie, MS (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM stweedie@mac.com; henry.snyder@gallauder.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 829 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200155 ER PT B AU Snyder, HD Tweedie, MS AF Snyder, H. David Tweedie, M. Sara GP IEEE TI Satellite data visualization on the Ocean Motion website SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE data handling; education; sea surface AB The NASA-sponsored OceanMotion website (http://www.oceanmotion.org) documents humankind's experiences, observations and investigations of ocean surface currents. In addition to the information resources posted on the website, there are also investigations that lead students to explore patterns and relationships through data products (color-coded images, time series graphs and data tables). These investigations are done through an interactive browser interface that provides access to a wealth of data. This paper focuses on use of surface current data and models in student investigations to illustrate application of basic science principles. Skills developed using data to discover patterns and relationships will serve students in other courses as well as empower them to become stewards of the Earths environment. C1 [Snyder, H. David] Gallaudet Univ, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Tweedie, M. Sara] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Snyder, HD (reprint author), Gallaudet Univ, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM henry.snyder@gallaudet.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 963 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200180 ER PT J AU Short, JW Springman, KR AF Short, Jeffrey W. Springman, Kathrine R. BA Wang, Z Stout, SA BF Wang, Z Stout, SA TI Identification of Hydrocarbons in Biological Samples for Source Determination SO OIL SPILL ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS: FINGERPRINTING AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; CYTOCHROME-P450 1A INDUCTION; ISOPRENOID HYDROCARBONS; BROWN BULLHEAD; FISH EMBRYOS; ENGLISH SOLE C1 [Short, Jeffrey W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Springman, Kathrine R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95617 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-046773-3 PY 2007 BP 381 EP 403 PG 23 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCU28 UT WOS:000311430000013 ER PT S AU Li, J Andrews, RJ AF Li, J. Andrews, R. J. BE Sakas, DE Simpson, BA TI Trimodal nanoelectrode array for precise deep brain stimulation: prospects of a new technology based on carbon nanofiber arrays SO OPERATIVE NEUROMODULATION: VOL 2: NEURAL NETWORKS SURGERY SE Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Neuromodulation; bionanotechnology; carbon nanofibers; deep brain stimulation; nanoelectrode array; Parkinson's disease ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; HIGH-FREQUENCY STIMULATION; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS; EXTRACELLULAR GLUTAMATE; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; MECHANISMS; THALAMUS AB Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) has recently been shown to be effective for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, there are many limitations of the current technology: the large size of current microelectrodes (similar to 1 mm diameter); the lack of monitoring of local brain electrical activity and neurotransmitters (e. g. dopamine in Parkinson's disease); the open-loop nature of the stimulation (i.e. not guided by brain electrochemical activity). Reducing the size of the monitoring and stimulating electrodes by orders of magnitude (to the size of neural elements) allows remarkable improvements in both monitoring (spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and sensitivity) and stimulation. Carbon nano-fiber nanoelectrode technology offers the possibility of trimodal arrays (monitoring electrical activity, monitoring neurotransmitter levels, precise stimulation). DBS can then be guided by changes in brain electrical activity and/or neurotransmitter levels (i.e. closed-loop DBS). Here, we describe the basic manufacture and electrical characteristics of a prototype nanoelectrode array for DBS, as well as preliminary studies with electroconductive polymers necessary to optimize DBS in vivo. An approach such as the nanoelectrode array described here may offer a generic electrical-neural interface for use in various neural prostheses. C1 [Li, J.; Andrews, R. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Andrews, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM rja@russelljandrews.org FU NINDS NIH HHS [1 R21 NS047721-01 A1] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-1419 BN 978-3-211-33081-4 J9 ACTA NEUROCHIR SUPPL JI Acta Neurochir. Suppl. PY 2007 VL 97 BP 537 EP 545 D2 10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4 PN 2 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA BNJ30 UT WOS:000274732500062 PM 17691345 ER PT J AU Beyon, JY Koch, GJ AF Beyon, Jeffrey Y. Koch, Grady J. TI Novel nonlinear adaptive Doppler-shift estimation technique for the coherent Doppler validation lidar SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE coherent lidar; Doppler shift; maximum likelihood; nonlinear adaptive; Doppler-shift estimation technique; periodogram; subspace; validation lidar; wind profiling ID BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; SPECTRAL PEAK ESTIMATION; ACCUMULATION AB The signal-processing aspect of a 2-mu m wavelength-coherent Doppler lidar system under development at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia is investigated in this paper. The system is named VALIDAR (validation lidar), and its signal-processing program estimates and displays various wind parameters in real time as data acquisition occurs. The goal is to improve the quality of the current estimates of power, Doppler shift, wind speed, and wind direction, especially in the low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. A novel nonlinear adaptive Doppler-shift estimation technique (NADSET) is developed for this purpose, and its performance is analyzed using the wind data acquired over a long period of time by VALIDAR. The quality of Doppler-shift and power estimations by conventional Fourier-transform-based spectrum estimation methods deteriorates rapidly as the SNR decreases. NADSET compensates this deterioration by adaptively utilizing the statistics of Doppler-shift estimates in a strong SNR range and identifying sporadic range bins where good Doppler-shift estimates are found. The authenticity of NADSET is established by comparing the trend of wind parameters with and without NADSET applied to the long-period lidar return data. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Beyon, JY (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. EM jbeyon@calstatela.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 AR 016002 DI 10.1117/1.2434768 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134DZ UT WOS:000244064400029 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP AF Stahl, H. Philip BE Burge, JH Faehnle, OW Williamson, R TI JWST mirror technology development results - art. no. 667102 SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing VII CY AUG 28-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE large optics; mirror technology; optical fabrication and test; cryogenic mirrors; JWST AB Mirror technology is a critical enabling capability for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). JWST requires a Primary Mirror Segment Assembly (PMSA) that can survive launch, deploy and align itself to form a 25 square meter collecting area 6.5 meter diameter primary mirror with a 131 nm rms wavefront error at temperatures < 50K and provide stable optical performance. At the inception of JWST in 1996, such a capability did not exist. A highly successful technology development program was initiated including the Sub-scale Beryllium Mirror Demonstrator (SBMD) and Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator (AMSD) projects. These projects along with flight program activities have matured and demonstrated mirror technology for JWST. Directly traceable prototypes or flight hardware has been built, tested and operated in a relevant environment. This paper summarizes that technology development effort. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6819-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6671 BP 67102 EP 67102 DI 10.1117/12.730852 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHH95 UT WOS:000253371300001 ER PT S AU Halverson, PG Parker, TJ Levine, M AF Halverson, Peter G. Parker, Tyler J. Levine, Marie BE Goodman, WA Robichaud, JL TI Cryogenic performance of piezo-electric actuators for opto-mechanical applications - art. no. 666613 SO OPTICAL MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials and Structures Technologies III CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE cryogenic actuators; cryogenic structures; opto-mechanics; piezo-electric materials; PZT actuators ID SPACE-TELESCOPE; DILATOMETER AB Space telescope designs driven by science goals such as the infrared observation of high-redshift galaxies and the infrared observation of objects that would otherwise be obscured by dust in the visible push the operating temperatures of the optics to cryogenic temperatures. Typical temperatures, 30 to 100 K are a challenging regime for actuators, but little information is available on the low-temperature performance of Piezo-electric actuator products currently on the market. Work is underway to measure actuator stroke and CTE, at low temperatures for typical PZTs, such as those available "off-the-shelf' from P.I. and Thorlabs. C1 [Halverson, Peter G.; Parker, Tyler J.; Levine, Marie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Halverson, PG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6814-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6666 BP 66613 EP 66613 DI 10.1117/12.767306 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGZ47 UT WOS:000251499500033 ER PT S AU Howard, JM AF Howard, Joseph M. BE Kahan, MA TI Optical modeling activities for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): III. Wavefront aberrations due to alignment and figure compensation - art. no. 667503 SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical design; telescopes; optical alignment; aberrations AB This paper is part three of a series describing the ongoing optical modeling activities for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The first two papers discussed modeling JWST on-orbit performance using wavefront sensitivities to predict line of sight motion induced blur, and stability during thermal transients [1-2]. The work here investigates the aberrations resulting from alignment and figure compensation of the controllable degrees of freedom (i.e. the primary and secondary mirrors), which may be encountered during ground alignment and on-orbit commissioning of the observatory. The optical design of the telescope is a three-mirror anastigmat, with an active fold mirror at the exit pupil for fine guiding. The primary mirror is over 6.5 meters in diameter, and is composed of 18 hexagonal segments that can individually positioned on hexapods, as well as compensated for radius of curvature. This architecture effectively gives both alignment and figure control of the primary mirror. The secondary mirror can be moved in rigid body only, and the tertiary mirror is fixed. Simulations are performed of various combinations of alignment and figure errors corrected by the primary and secondary mirrors. Single field point knowledge is assumed in the corrections, and aberrations over the field are reported for the varying cases. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Howard, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP 67503 EP 67503 DI 10.1117/12.735069 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500001 ER PT S AU Fathpour, N Milman, M Zhai, CX Yu, J Morales, MJ AF Fathpour, Nanaz Milman, Mark Zhai, Chengxing Yu, Jeff Morales, Mauricio J. BE Kahan, MA TI Confusion field effects on Angle Tracking Camera centroiding estimates for SIM PlanetQuest - art. no. 667505 SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM PlanetQuest; confusion field; centroiding; Angle Tracking Camera AB SIM PlanetQuest will be the first space-based interferometer and will allow astrometric measurements that are several hundred times more accurate than the previous missions operating at optical wavelengths. SIM promises to achieve microarcsecond accuracy for astrometry on objects as faint as 20th visual magnitude. One of the challenges is to achieve this accuracy at these dim levels, in the presence of even dimmer stars inside the SIM's FOV. Therefore it is important to investigate the effects of "confusion" fields on astrometric performance for SIM. This study will look at effects of Angle Tracking Camera performance for SIM in presence of a crowded or confusion field near a target star. This will lead to a study that predicts SIM astrometric performance in a crowded field. Centroid displacements due to any perturbation including a crowded field cause a shift in the fringe and reduce visibility and performance. In this work we will devise an estimator to estimate the bias in the centroid of SIM Angle Tracking camera in presence of a crowded field. This analysis will examine pointing accuracy performance by estimating Angle Tracking centroid under different parameter variations that affect performance. These parameters are number of neighboring stars, stellar types, and angular separation as well as their relative brightness. C1 [Fathpour, Nanaz; Milman, Mark; Zhai, Chengxing; Yu, Jeff; Morales, Mauricio J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fathpour, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP 67505 EP 67505 DI 10.1117/12.734970 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500003 ER PT S AU Zhai, C Yu, J Milman, M Fathpour, N Morales, M Nemati, B Regehr, M Heflin, M Sievers, L AF Zhai, C. Yu, J. Milman, M. Fathpour, N. Morales, M. Nemati, B. Regehr, M. Heflin, M. Sievers, L. BE Kahan, MA TI Star confusion effect on SIM PlanetQuest astrometric performance - art. no. 667506 SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB SIM PlanetQuest will measure star positions to an accuracy of a few microarcseconds using precise white light fringe measurements. One challenge for the SIM observation scenario is "star confusion," where multiple stars are present in the instrument field of view. This is especially relevant for observing dim science targets because the density of number of stars increases rapidly with star magnitude. We study the effect of star confusion on the SIM astrometric performance due to systematic fringe errors caused by the extra photons from the confusion star(s). Since star confusion from multiple stars may be analyzed as a linear superposition of the effect from single star confusion, we quantify the astrometric errors due to single star confusion surveying over many spectral types, including AOV, FOV, K5III, and M0V, and for various visual magnitude differences. To the leading order, the star confusion effect is characterized by the magnitude difference, spectral difference, and the angular separation between the target and confusion stars. Strategies for dealing with star confusion are presented. For example, since the presence of additional sources in the field of view leads to inconsistent delay estimates from different channels, with sufficient signal to noise ratio, the star confusion can be detected using chi-square statistics of fringe measurements from multiple spectral channels. An interesting result is that the star confusion can be detected even though the interferometer cannot resolve the separation between the target and confusion stars when their spectra are sufficiently different. Other strategies for mitigating the star confusion effect are also discussed. C1 [Zhai, C.; Yu, J.; Milman, M.; Fathpour, N.; Morales, M.; Nemati, B.; Regehr, M.; Heflin, M.; Sievers, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhai, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP 67506 EP 67506 DI 10.1117/12.735770 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500004 ER PT S AU Kang, BH Bayard, DS Macala, G AF Kang, Bryan H. Bayard, David S. Macala, Glenn BE Kahan, MA TI SIM-Planet Quest interferometer real-time control system architecture - art. no. 667507 SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE interferometry; control architecture; pointing control; pathlength control; delay line AB This paper presents a top-level architectural overview of the instrument real-time control system currently under development at JPL for the SIM-Planet Quest interferometer. The control system must meet challenging requirements for providing milliarcsecond class pointing and nanometer class delay-line control performance while tracking science stars as dim as 20(th) visual magnitude. The driving functional requirements call for a three-interferometer system that also serves as an attitude sensing and tracking system. Due to the dim science requirements and complicated control initialization processes, the control system is architectured using complex estimators, multiloop feedforward signals, and distributed computational infrastructure. Control objectives and requirements are presented and the necessary control sensors and actuators are discussed. Initialization of the interferometer control system is explained, including processes for target star search, acquisition, and tracking. The nominal tracking control modes are then presented, including incorporation of pathlength and angle feedforward signals. The estimation architecture is explained next including its role in generating the necessary feedforward signals. The resulting overall algorithm structure and implementation using distributed processors on a ring-bus architecture is also briefly discussed. C1 [Kang, Bryan H.; Bayard, David S.; Macala, Glenn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kang, BH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP 67507 EP 67507 DI 10.1117/12.735177 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500005 ER PT S AU Bayard, DS Kang, BH AF Bayard, David S. Kang, Bryan H. BE Kahan, MA TI A covariance analysis tool for assessing fundamental limits of SIM pointing performance - art. no. 667508 SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE pointing control; covariance analysis; fast steering mirrors; fundamental performance limits AB This paper presents a performance analysis of the instrument pointing control system for NASA's Space Interferometer Mission (SIM). SIM has a complex pointing system that uses a fast steering mirror in combination with a multirate control architecture to blend feedforward information with feedback information. A pointing covariance analysis tool (PLAT) is developed specifically to analyze systems with such complexity. The development of PCAT as a mathematical tool for covariance analysis is outlined in the paper. PCAT is then applied to studying performance of SIM's science pointing system. The analysis reveals and clearly delineates a fundamental limit that exists for SIM pointing performance. The limit is especially stringent for dim star targets. Discussion of the nature of the performance limit is provided, and methods are suggested to potentially improve pointing performance. C1 [Bayard, David S.; Kang, Bryan H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bayard, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP 67508 EP 67508 DI 10.1117/12.735137 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500006 ER PT S AU Morales, MJ Fathpour, N AF Morales, Mauricio J. Fathpour, Nanaz BE Kahan, MA TI The instrument model: performance prediction simulator for SIM PlanetQuest - art. no. 667509 SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM; interferometry; performance prediction AB The SIM Instrument Model performs single tile simulations for the SIM Instrument. It provides a tool to combine the effects of errors in the different subsystems such as the science interferometer, guide interferometer, external metrology sensor, and roll sensor. The inputs to the Instrument Model are the sensor errors for the internal instrument measurements. These errors can be derived from testbeds or other physical models. The Instrument Model perturbs ideal sensors and replicates the fundamental SIM processing called delay regularization. This process reconstructs the science interferometer measurements by using additional sensor measurements. The output of the Instrument Model is the regularized delay, which is the principal science measurement for various observing scenarios such as Wide Angle Grid, and Narrow Angle observations. The primary role of the Instrument Model has been single tile performance prediction but it also serves as variety of different system engineering activities such as validation of the SIM Astrometric Error Budget, demonstration of SIM's capability for picometer sensing for the SIM Technology Milestone 8, development of instrument calibrations, analysis of system level errors, and validation of the averaging approach for the science data processing. The Instrument Model will continue to be an integral part of the SIM modeling plan to predict single tile performance for the SIM mission. C1 [Morales, Mauricio J.; Fathpour, Nanaz] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Morales, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP 67509 EP 67509 DI 10.1117/12.734994 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500007 ER PT S AU Krist, JE AF Krist, John E. BE Kahan, MA TI Proper: An optical propagation library for IDL - art. no. 66750P SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical modeling; diffraction; coronagraphs ID BEAM-PROPAGATION AB PROPER is a library of IDL (Interactive Data Language) routines for simulating optical propagation in the near and far fields using Fourier-based Fresnel and angular spectrum methods. The goal of PROPER is to provide a free, easy-to-use, and versatile means for simulating systems that require diffraction-based rather than geometrical analyses, such as spatial filtering systems with intermediate optics (e.g. a stellar coronagraph for extrasolar planet imaging). It has routines for creating complex apertures and obscurations, wavefront errors (defined by Zernikes, power spectra, or user-supplied maps), amplitude modulators (e.g. coronagraphic occulters), simple lenses, and deformable mirrors. The routines automatically select which propagator (near or far-field) is best at each surface based on analytically propagating a Gaussian pilot beam. The library includes a comprehensive manual and is distributed as IDL source code. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Krist, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP P6750 EP P6750 DI 10.1117/12.731179 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500023 ER PT S AU Matzinger, EA AF Matzinger, Elizabeth A. BE Kahan, MA TI Finite element analysis of the LOLA receiver telescope lens - art. no. 66750Q SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LRO; LOLA; finite element analysis; BK7 glass AB This paper presents the finite element stress and distortion analysis completed on the receiver telescope lens of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA). LOLA is one of six instruments on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), scheduled to launch in 2008. LOLA's main objective is to produce a high-resolution global lunar topographic model to aid in safe landings and enhance surface mobility in future exploration missions. A receiver telescope captures the laser pulses transmitted through a diffractive optical element (DOE) and reflected off the lunar surface. The largest lens of the receiver telescope was modeled with solid elements and constrained in a manner consistent with the behavior of the mounting configuration. Twenty-one temperature load cases were mapped to the nodes based on thermal analysis completed by LOLA's lead thermal analyst, and loads were applied to simulate the preload applied from the ring flexure. The thermal environment of the baseline design produces large radial and axial gradients in the lens. These large gradients create internal stresses that may lead to part failure, as well as significant bending that degrades optical performance. The high stresses and large distortions shown in the analysis precipitated a design change from BK7 glass to sapphire. C1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20740 USA. RP Matzinger, EA (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20740 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP Q6750 EP Q6750 DI 10.1117/12.732456 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500024 ER PT S AU Chao, TH Lu, T AF Chao, Tien-Hsin Lu, Thomas BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI System issues of developing grayscale optical correlator for ATR applications - art. no. 657405 SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVIII CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Grayscale Optical Correlator (GOC); real-time ATR; CAD/CAC Neural Network post-processor; ATR performance AB We have been developing Grayscale Optical Correlator (GOC) and exploring a variety of automatic target recognition (ATR) applications to take advantage of the inherent performance advantages of the GOC parallel processing, high-speed, vast parallelism and high-speed [1-4]. To date, we have built compact 512 x 512, 1000 fps GOC systems and tested/demonstrated for field ATR experiments. We have also worked with our industrial partners to develop a 1024 x 1024 Ferroelectric Spatial Light Modulator (FLCSLM) to meet the challenging applications demanding larger input scene Field-of-View (FOV) and higher resolution. In this paper, two major system issues that we have encountered during the development efforts for real-world applications will be discussed. These include: 1) SLM dynamic range limitations and 2) ATR performance for CAD/CAC, computeraided detection & classification (CAD/CAC) applications. Our simulation study has shown that the current 8-bit dynamic range possessed by the FLCSLM is adequate for both the input image and the correlation filter encodings. We will also describe the addition of a neural network (NN) post-processor to greatly decrease the false positive detection rate while retaining the high positive detection rate obtained by the by the GOC. Experimental results demonstrating the high-performance of the fused GOC and NN processor will be provided. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chao, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6696-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6574 BP 57405 EP 57405 AR 657405 DI 10.1117/12.723632 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK82 UT WOS:000248070800004 ER PT S AU Lu, TT Chao, TH AF Lu, Thomas T. Chao, Tien-Hsin BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI A neural network identification system for space-borne GCMS pattern recognition - art. no. 65740E SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVIII CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE GCMS signal processing; neural network training; pattern recognition AB We present experimental results of training a neural network to perform chemical compound identification from a portable space-borne gas chromatographic mass spectrometer (GCMS). The GCMS data has distortion, peak overlap, and noise problems. A signal processing algorithm is first applied to the GCMS to detect the peaks and to clean the MS spectra. We design neural networks to be trained on a sub-set of chemicals that are closely related in the GC graph. Each sub-neural network then identifies the compounds within the sub-set. We design the training data using mostly NIST standard MS data. The NIST mass spectral data of multiple compounds are mixed to train the neural network to identify mixed species. Back-propagation learning algorithm is used to train the neural network. Good identification results have been obtained. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lu, TT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 303-300, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6696-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6574 BP E5740 EP E5740 AR 65740E DI 10.1117/12.723633 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK82 UT WOS:000248070800013 ER PT S AU Talukder, A Panangadan, A AF Talukder, Ashit Panangadan, A. BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Distributed sensor network control for power and bandwidth allocation in large sensor networks - art. no. 65740G SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVIII CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE control; distributed sensing; data prioritization; machine learning; model predictive control; sensor networks; pattern recognition; resource management; mathematical optimization; wireless communication AB A variety of autonomous sensory platforms for earth and planetary science require distributed sensing and control capability to be able to operate in dynamic environments where the occurrence and frequency of events could be few and far-between. We discuss a novel control methodology for autonomous monitoring of space habitats and in-situ ground and ocean-based heterogeneous wireless distributed sensor networks. Such sensor networks need to have a lifetime of months or even years, while being effective at detecting and reporting events in real-time before they pose a danger. This requires an on-line resource manager or controller to economize and adaptively control all resources such as energy, communication bandwidth, and sensor sampling frequency. We present an event based control optimization formulation of the resource management problem for sensor networks and discuss a method to adaptively change desired system performance of the sensor network in response to events. This functionality is critical in rield-deployable sensor networks where continuous operation is expensive and system adaptation is critical for extended operation in the face of dynamic external events. We show results on various synthetic heterogeneous sensor networks where only partially accurate information about the sensing system is available and illustrate the efficacy of the control algorithm in handling such incorrect models with a negligible increase in transmission of the optimal control settings. We show that the run-time performance of the control algorithm scales well with increasing number of sensors. C1 Univ So Calif, CHLA, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Talukder, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, CHLA, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6696-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6574 BP G5740 EP G5740 AR 65740G DI 10.1117/12.723637 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK82 UT WOS:000248070800015 ER PT S AU Ohl, R Antonille, S Aronstein, D Dean, B Delmont, M d'Entremont, J Eichhorn, W Frey, B Hynes, S Janssen, D Kubalak, D Redman, K Shiri, R Smith, JS Thompson, P Wilson, M AF Ohl, R. Antonille, S. Aronstein, D. Dean, B. Delmont, M. d'Entremont, J. Eichhorn, W. Frey, B. Hynes, S. Janssen, D. Kubalak, D. Redman, K. Shiri, R. Smith, J. S. Thompson, P. Wilson, M. BE Sasian, JM Ruda, MC TI A scanning Hartmann focus test for the EUVI telescopes aboard STEREO - art. no. 66760G SO OPTICAL SYSTEM ALIGNMENT AND TOLERANCING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Alignment and Tolerancing CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE alignment; focus; Hartmann; STEREO; SECCHI; EUVI; ultraviolet AB The Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO), the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program, was launched in 2006 on a two year mission to study solar phenomena. STEREO consists of two nearly identical satellites, each carrying an Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) telescope as part of the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation instrument suite. EUVI is a normal incidence, 98min diameter, Ritchey-Chretien telescope designed to obtain wide field of view images of the Sun at short wavelengths (17.1-30.4nm) using a CCD detector. The telescope entrance aperture is divided into four quadrants by a mask near the secondary mirror spider veins. A mechanism that rotates another mask allows only one of these sub-apertures to accept light over an exposure. The EUVI contains no focus mechanism. Mechanical models predict a difference in telescope focus between ambient integration conditions and on-orbit operation. We describe an independent check of the ambient, ultraviolet, absolute focus setting of the EUVI telescopes after they were integrated with their respective spacecraft. A scanning Hartmann-like test design resulted from constraints imposed by the EUVI aperture select mechanism. This inexpensive test was simultaneously coordinated with other integration and test activities in a high-vibration, clean room environment. The total focus test error was required to be better than +/- 0.05mm. We cover the alignment and test procedure, sources of statistical and systematic error, data reduction and analysis, and results using various algorithms for determining focus. The results are consistent with other tests of instrument focus alignment and indicate that the EUVI telescopes meet the ambient focus offset requirements. STEREO and the EUVI telescopes are functioning well on-orbit. C1 [Ohl, R.; Antonille, S.; Aronstein, D.; Dean, B.; Delmont, M.; Eichhorn, W.; Frey, B.; Kubalak, D.; Shiri, R.; Smith, J. S.; Wilson, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ohl, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6824-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6676 BP G6760 EP G6760 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BHI45 UT WOS:000253415400014 ER PT S AU Zhang, WW Bolognese, J Chan, KW Content, DA Hadjimichael, TJ He, C Hong, M Lehan, JP Mazzarella, JM Nguyen, DT Olsen, L Owens, SM Petre, R Saha, TT Sharpe, M Sturm, J Wallace, T Gubarev, MV Jones, WD O'Dell, SL Davis, W Freeman, M Podgorski, W Reid, PB AF Zhang, W. W. Bolognese, J. Chan, K. W. Content, D. A. Hadjimichael, T. J. He, Charles Hong, M. Lehan, J. P. Mazzarella, J. M. Nguyen, D. T. Olsen, L. Owens, S. M. Petre, R. Saha, T. T. Sharpe, M. Sturm, J. Wallace, T. Gubarev, M. V. Jones, W. D. O'Dell, S. L. Davis, W. Freeman, M. Podgorski, W. Reid, P. B. CA Constellation-X Spectroscop Telesc BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI Constellation-X mirror technology development - art. no. 668802 SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; lightweight optics; Constellation-X; space optics AB As NASA's next major x-ray astronomical mission following the James Webb Space Telescope, Constellation-X requires technology advances in several areas, including x-ray optics, x-ray detectors, and x-ray gratings. In the area of x-ray optics, the technology challenge is in meeting a combination of angular resolution, effective area, mass, and production cost requirements. A vigorous x-ray optics development program has been underway to meet this challenge. Significant progress has been made in mirror fabrication, mirror mount and metrology, and mirror alignment and integration. In this paper we give a brief overview of our development strategy, technical approaches, current status, and expectations for the near future and refer interested readers to papers with an in-depth coverage of similar areas. C1 [Zhang, W. W.; Bolognese, J.; Jones, W. D.; O'Dell, S. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP 68802 EP 68802 DI 10.1117/12.731872 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500001 ER PT S AU Zhang, WW Chan, KW Hajimichael, T Lehan, JP Owens, S Petre, R Saha, TT Gubarev, M Jones, WD O'Dell, SL AF Zhang, William W. Chan, Kai-Wing Hajimichael, Theo Lehan, John P. Owens, Scott Petre, Robert Saha, Timo T. Gubarev, Mikhail Jones, William D. O'Dell, Stephen L. BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI Development of lightweight x-ray mirrors for the Constellation-X mission - art. no. 668811 SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; lightweight optics; Constellation-X; space optics AB One of the most important aspects of the Constellation-X x-ray optics development is the fabrication of lightweight mirror segments. Given its multi-faceted requirements, i.e., good angular resolution, light weight, and low production cost, we have adopted a glass slumping or forming technique that takes advantage of the naturally excellent microroughness of thin float glass sheets. In this paper we present measured quantities of formed mirror segments and compare them with requirements to show that the formed mirror segments have met all except the sag requirement. The larger than acceptable sag error may be an artifact of the measurement process. It may also be caused by coating stress or residual thermal stress resulting from the slumping process. Our immediate future task is to identify the source(s) of the sag error and address them accordingly. C1 [Zhang, William W.; Chan, Kai-Wing; Hajimichael, Theo; Lehan, John P.; Owens, Scott; Petre, Robert; Saha, Timo T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP 68811 EP 68811 DI 10.1117/12.731871 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500033 ER PT S AU Lehan, JP Owens, S Hadjimichael, T Hong, M Chan, KW Saha, TT Reid, P Zhang, WW AF Lehan, J. P. Owens, S. Hadjimichael, T. Hong, M. Chan, K. -W. Saha, T. T. Reid, P. Zhang, W. W. BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI Toward a complete metrologic solution for the mirrors for the Constellation-X spectroscopy x-ray telescope - art. no. 668818 SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical metrology; x-ray optics; Constellation-X ID GENERATION-X; OPTICS AB We present an overview update of the metrologic approach to be employed for the segmented mirror fabrication for Constellation-X spectroscopy x-ray telescope. We compare results achieved to date with mission requirements. This is discussed in terms of inherent capability versus in-practice capability. We find that all the needed metrics for the mirrors are in hand but that they are currently limited by the mounting of the mirrors themselves. C1 [Lehan, J. P.; Chan, K. -W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Lehan, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP 68818 EP 68818 DI 10.1117/12.733080 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500040 ER PT S AU Lehan, JP Hadjimichael, T Skocik, C AF Lehan, J. P. Hadjimichael, T. Skocik, C. BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI Testing of the mirrors for the Constellation-X spectroscopy x-ray telescope with a refractive null - art. no. 668819 SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical metrology; x-ray optics; Constellation-X; cylindrical optics; kinematic mounting ID OPTICS AB We present an introduction to the use of a refractive null lens for testing grazing incidence x-ray mirrors for the Constellation-X mission. The singular role of mirror mounting in glass shell mirror metrology is also touched upon. We compare results achieved to date with mission requirements along with some of the unique properties of the null lens. Additionally, uses beyond mirror metrology are briefly discussed. C1 [Lehan, J. P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Lehan, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP 68819 EP 68819 DI 10.1117/12.733096 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500041 ER PT S AU Ramsey, B Gorenstein, P AF Ramsey, Brian Gorenstein, Paul BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI A hard x-ray telescope science enhancement package for the Constellation X-ray mission - art. no. 66880D SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID MCG-6-30-15 AB Details of a hard-x-ray science enhancement package for the Constellation-X mission are presented. A scientific case is made for the inclusion of such an instrument on the planned mission and a detailed design is presented that will satisfy science requirements yet fall within the ground rules for enhancement packages: a cost of less than $100M and a mass of no more than 100 kg. C1 [Ramsey, Brian] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ramsey, B (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP D6880 EP D6880 DI 10.1117/12.736835 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500011 ER PT S AU Gubarev, M Arnold, W Benson, C Kester, T Lehner, D Ramsey, B Upton, R AF Gubarev, Mikhail Arnold, William Benson, Carl Kester, Thomas Lehner, David Ramsey, Brian Upton, Ryan BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI Mounting and alignment of full-shell replicated x-ray optics - art. no. 66881F SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE high-energy x-ray optics; high-resolution x-ray optics; electroform-nickel replication; x-ray optics alignment AB We are developing grazing-incidence x-ray optics for astronomy. The optics are full-cylinder mirror shells fabricated using electroformed-nickel replication off super-polished mandrels. For space-based applications where weight is at a premium, very-thin-walled, light-weight mirrors are required. Such shells have been fabricated at MSFC with < 15 arcsec resolution. The challenge, however, is to preserve this resolution during mounting and assembly. We present here a status report on a mounting and alignment system currently under development at Marshall Space Flight Center to meet this challenge. C1 [Gubarev, Mikhail] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Gubarev, M (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP F6881 EP F6881 DI 10.1117/12.735832 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500047 ER PT J AU Short, JW Kolak, JJ Payne, JR Van Kooten, GK AF Short, Jeffrey W. Kolak, Jonathan J. Payne, James R. Van Kooten, Gerald K. TI An evaluation of petrogenic hydrocarbons in northern Gulf of Alaska continental shelf sediments - The role of coastal oil seep inputs SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EXXON-VALDEZ-OIL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC SEDIMENTS; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; LEAST-SQUARES; BEAUFORT SEA; GEOCHEMISTRY; SPILL AB We compared hydrocarbons in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and riparian sediment collected from coastal watersheds along the Yakataga foreland with corresponding hydrocarbons in Gulf of Alaska benthic sediments. This comparison allows an evaluation of hydrocarbon contributions to marine sediments from natural oil seeps, coal and organic matter (e.g., kerogen) associated with eroding siliciclastic rocks. The samples from oil seeps show extensive loss of low-molecular weight n-alkanes (< n-C-14) and the presence of large, bimodal unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs), in contrast to the hydrocarbon fingerprints on the SPM and riparian sediment samples collected upstream from the oil seeps. After entering the fluvial systems, hydrocarbons from seep oils are rapidly diluted, and associate with the SPM phase as oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA). Johnston Creek, the watershed containing the most prolific seep, conveys detectable seep-derived hydrocarbons to the Gulf of Alaska, but overall seep inputs are largely attenuated by the (non-seep) petrogenic hydrocarbon content of the high SPM loads. In contrast to the geochemical signature of seep oil, Gulf of Alaska benthic sediments are characterized by abundant alkylated naphthalene homologues, relatively smooth n-alkane envelopes (n-C-9 through n-C-34, but with elevated levels of n-C-27, n-C-29, and n-C-31), and small UCMs. Further, hydrocarbons in benthic sediments are highly intercor-related. Taken together, these characteristics indicate that seep oil is a negligible petrogenic hydrocarbon source to the Gulf of Alaska continental shelf. Coaly material separated from the benthic sediment samples using a dense liquid (similar to 2.00 g cm(-3)) also accounted for a minor portion of the total PAH (1-6%) and total n-alkanes (0.4-2%) in the benthic samples. Most of the hydrocarbon burden in the sediments is found in the denser sediment fraction and likely derives from organic matter contributed by denudation of siliciclastic formations in the Yakutat terrane. We therefore conclude that previous investigations relying on source allocation models have considerably overestimated oil seeps as a hydrocarbon source to the Gulf of Alaska. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Payne Environm Consultants Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. Calvin Coll, Dept Geol Geog & Environm Studies, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov OI Kolak, Jonathan/0000-0003-2981-9522 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 643 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.12.005 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 165OS UT WOS:000246315400007 ER PT J AU Kohli, R AF Kohli, Rajiv TI Recent innovative methods for characterization of small particles SO PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE characterization methods; environmental TEM; neutron holography; small particles; ultrafast microscopy ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; AIRBORNE CHEMISTRY; LASER-PULSES; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SCALE; LENS AB Characterization of submicrometer and subnanometer size particles is essential to understanding their interactions and to developing micro- and nanostructures. Because of this importance, marry advances and new developments have been made in characterization techniques for particles in this size range. Examples include neutron holography, in situ wet transmission electron microscopy, ultra-fast microscopy, magnetic resonance force microscopy for imaging a single electron spin, and high-resolution X-ray crystallography of noncrystalline structures. It is now possible to completely characterize very small particles from 0.1 nm to 100nm size. Selected recent developments are discussed. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, SAIC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kohli, R (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, SAIC, 2450 NASA Pwky, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM rajiv.kohli-1@nasa.gov NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6351 J9 PARTICUL SCI TECHNOL JI Part. Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1080/02726350601146416 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 143AZ UT WOS:000244693700003 ER PT J AU Mulligan, JB Stevenson, SB AF Mulligan, J. B. Stevenson, S. B. TI Pursuit response to tritanopic stimuli SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mulligan, J. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Stevenson, S. B.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. EM jmulligan@mail.are.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2007 VL 36 SU S BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 226NA UT WOS:000250594600591 ER PT S AU Sun, XL Krainak, MA Hasselbrack, WB La Rue, RA AF Sun, Xiaoli Krainak, Michael A. Hasselbrack, William B. La Rue, Ross A. BE Prochazka, I Migdall, AL Pauchard, A Dusek, M Hillery, MS Schleich, WP TI Photon counting performance measurements of transfer electron InGaAsP photocathode hybrid photomultiplier tubes at 1064 nm wavelength SO PHOTON COUNTING APPLICATIONS, QUANTUM OPTICS, AND QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Counting Applications, Quantum Optics, and Quantum Cryptography CY APR 18-19, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE Europe, SPIE Czech Republic, COST, European Sci Fdn, Czech & Slovak Soc Photon, ePIXnet, Fyzikalni Ustav, Meta Morphose, Network Excellence Micro Opt, PhOREMOST, SPIE Poland Chapter DE single photon counting; APD; PMT ID AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; DESIGN; DIODE AB We report the test results of a hybrid photomultiplier tube (HPMT) with a transfer electron (TE) InGaAsP photocathode and GaAs Schottky avalanche photodiode (APD) anode. Unlike Geiger mode InGaAsP APDs, these HPMTs (also known as intensified photodiode (IPD), vacuum APD, or hybrid photodetector) operate in linear mode without the need for quenching and gating. Their greatest advantages are wide dynamic range, high speed, large photosensitive area, and potential for photon counting and analog detection dual mode operation. The photon detection efficiency we measured was 25% at 1064 nm wavelength with a dark count rate of 60,000/s at -22 degrees Celsius. The output pulse width in response to a single photon detection is about 0.9 ns. The maximum count rate was 90 Mcts/s and was limited solely by the speed of the discriminator used in the measurement (10 ns dead time). The spectral response of these devices extended from 900 to 1300 nm. We also measured the HPMT response to 60 ps laser pulses. The average output pulse amplitude increased monotonically with the input pulse energy, which suggested that we can resolve photon number in an incident pulse. The jitter of the HPMT output was found to be about 0.5 ns standard deviation and depended on bias voltage applied to the TE photocathode. To our knowledge, these HPMTs are the most sensitive non gating photon detectors at 1064 ran wavelength, and they will have many applications in laser altimeters, atmospheric lidars, and free space laser communication systems. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694-554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM xiaoli.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6711-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6583 AR 65830D DI 10.1117/12.722923 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGO82 UT WOS:000249095500011 ER PT J AU Brunken, S Muller, HSP Endres, C Lewen, F Giesen, T Drouin, B Pearson, JC Mader, H AF Bruenken, Sandra Mueller, Holger S. P. Endres, Christian Lewen, Frank Giesen, Thomas Drouin, Brian Pearson, John C. Maeder, Heinrich TI High resolution rotational spectroscopy on D2O up to 2.7 THz in its ground and first excited vibrational bending states SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTRUM; BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATORS; BROAD-BAND SPECTROSCOPY; HOT EMISSION-SPECTRA; INTERACTING STATES; MOLECULAR-SPECTROSCOPY; TERAHERTZ REGION; WATER MOLECULE; LINE POSITIONS AB We present highly accurate laboratory measurements on the pure rotational spectrum of doubly deuterated water, D2O, in selected frequency regions from 10 GHz up to 2.7 THz. Around 140 rotational transitions in both the vibrational ground and first excited bending states (v(2) = 0,1) were measured in total, involving energy levels with unexcelled high J and K-a rotational quantum numbers. The data give valuable information for the spectroscopic analysis of this molecule. In the case of the light and non-rigid water molecule, standard methods for its analysis are limited due to large centrifugal distortion interactions. Here, we present a global analysis of rotational and rovibrational data of the v(2) = 0 and 1 states of D2O by means of an Euler expansion of the Hamiltonian. In addition to the newly measured pure rotational transitions, around 4000 rotational and rovibrational lines have been included from previous work. It was possible to reproduce the extensive dataset to nearly its experimental uncertainty. The improved predictive capability of the model compared to previous work will be demonstrated. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Phys Chem, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RP Brunken, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbruenken@cfa.harvard.edu RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010; Giesen, Thomas /B-9476-2015; OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828; Giesen, Thomas /0000-0002-2401-0049; Mueller, Holger/0000-0002-0183-8927 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 17 BP 2103 EP 2112 DI 10.1039/b613925f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 161PK UT WOS:000246027500008 PM 17464391 ER PT J AU Miller, M AF Miller, Mark TI General-relativistic decompression of binary neutron stars during dynamic inspiral SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL DENSITY; WHITE-DWARFS; MODEL AB We investigate the dynamic stability of inspiraling neutron stars by performing multiple-orbit numerical relativity simulations of the binary neutron star inspiral process. By introducing eccentricities in the orbits of the neutron stars, significant changes in orbital separation are obtained within orbital timescales. We find that as the binary system evolves from apastron to periastron (as the binary separation decreases), the central rest mass density of each star decreases, thus stabilizing the stars against individual prompt collapse. As the binary system evolves from periastron to apastron, the central rest mass density increases; the neutron stars recompress as the binary separation increases. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 024001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.024001 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 131UQ UT WOS:000243896300039 ER PT J AU Dantchev, D Rudnick, J Barmatz, M AF Dantchev, Daniel Rudnick, Joseph Barmatz, M. TI Finite-size effects on the behavior of the susceptibility in van der Waals films bounded by strongly absorbing substrates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; VAPOR CRITICAL-POINT; CAPILLARY CONDENSATION; INTERFACE LOCALIZATION; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; PHASE-TRANSITION; COMPETING WALLS; MONTE-CARLO; ISING FILMS; ADSORPTION AB We study critical point finite-size effects in the case of the susceptibility of a film in which interactions are characterized by a van der Waals-type power law tail. The geometry is appropriate to a slablike system with two bounding surfaces. Boundary conditions are consistent with surfaces that both prefer the same phase in the low temperature, or broken symmetry, state. We take into account both interactions within the system and interactions between the constituents of the system and the material surrounding it. Specific predictions are made with respect to the behavior of He-3 and He-4 films in the vicinity of their respective liquid-vapor critical points. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dantchev, D (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Acad Georgy Bonchev St Bldg 4, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. RI Dantchev, Daniel /F-1834-2011 OI Dantchev, Daniel /0000-0002-4762-617X NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 011121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.011121 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 131TR UT WOS:000243893400023 PM 17358124 ER PT S AU Maslov, AV Ning, CZ AF Maslov, A. V. Ning, C. Z. BE Osinski, M Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y TI Size reduction of a semiconductor nanowire laser by using metal coating - art. no. 64680I SO Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanowires; lasers; waveguide dispersion; plasmons; finite-difference discretization ID GAIN AB We explore the possibility of coating semiconductor nanowires with metal (Ag) to reduce the size of nanowire lasers operating at photon energies around 0.8-2 eV. Our results show that the material gain of a typical III-V semiconductor in nanowire may be sufficient to compensate Joule losses of such metal as A& The most promising mode to achieve lasing is TM01, near its cutoff. To calculate the guiding properties of metal coated nanowires, we developed a finite-difference discretization approach, the details of which we also present. This approach allowed us to treat accurately the large index contrast of the nanowire/metal interface and to include nonperturbatively the imaginary parts of dielectric constants of the semiconductor core and metal coating. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Maslov, AV (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Ning, C. Z./D-4699-2009; Maslov, Alexey/E-5158-2011 OI Ning, C. Z./0000-0003-4583-8889; Maslov, Alexey/0000-0002-7835-2474 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6581-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6468 BP I4680 EP I4680 AR 64680I DI 10.1117/12.723786 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGC72 UT WOS:000246056200015 ER PT B AU Jordan, SD Brosius, JV AF Jordan, Stuart D. Brosius, Jeffrey V. BE Heinzel, P Dorotovic, I Rutten, RJ TI EUNIS results on He II 304 angstrom line formation SO Physics of Chromospheric Plasmas SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting on the Physics of Chromospheric Plasmas CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra ID CORONAL EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; QUIET-SUN; SPECTRUM; SERTS AB The first flight of the Goddard Extreme Ultraviolet Normal Incidence Spectrograph (EUNIS) took place from White Sands Missile Range at 18:10 UT oil April 12, 2006. Observations of the He 11304 angstrom principal resonance line were obtained with a cadence of similar to 2 seconds along ail eleven arc-minute slit. Corresponding EIT images of this line, and additional EUNIS observations of the strong coronal line of Fe XVI at 335.4 A, were used to assess the role of the photoionizing coronal flux in the formation of the He II line. In agreement with previous work of these authors and others, the results support formation by the collisional excitation mechanism by thermal electrons in the quiet Sun. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Jordan, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-36-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 368 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ13 UT WOS:000247386700027 ER PT J AU Seevaratnam, GK Suo, Y Rame, E Walker, LM Garoff, S AF Seevaratnam, G. K. Suo, Y. Rame, E. Walker, L. M. Garoff, S. TI Dynamic wetting of shear thinning fluids SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; MOVING CONTACT LINE; HYDRODYNAMICS; SURFACES; LIQUIDS AB The impact of non-Newtonian behavior on dynamic wetting is critical since many fluids exhibit such behavior somewhere in the high-shear environment inherent in the wedge flow near a moving contact line. This impact will be different for two broad categories of non-Newtonian behavior, shear thinning, and elasticity. In this paper, we discuss the steady-state wetting of a fluid, aqueous solutions of xanthan gum, dominated by shear thinning but with negligible elasticity. In the shear thinning fluid, viscous bending near the contact line is greatly reduced compared to a Newtonian fluid having the same zero-shear viscosity. Concomitant with this reduction in viscous bending, the effective dynamic contact angle has a much weaker dependence on capillary number, Ca, than is observed in, or predicted for, Newtonian fluids. A simple lubrication model using a constitutive relation with power-law shear thinning at high shear rates and a Newtonian plateau at low shear rates mimics the trends seen in our data and elucidates the origins of the reduced viscous bending. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Complex Fluids Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Raindance Technol, Guilford, CT 06437 USA. NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Complex Fluids Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Seevaratnam, GK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sg2e@andrew.cmu.edu RI Garoff, Stephen/P-7629-2014; Walker, Lynn/I-2562-2016 OI Garoff, Stephen/0000-0001-8148-8535; Walker, Lynn/0000-0002-7478-9759 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 AR 012103 DI 10.1063/1.2432107 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 132FH UT WOS:000243927500006 ER PT S AU Klimeck, G Boykin, TB Luisieir, M Kharche, N Schenk, A AF Klimeck, Gerhard Boykin, Timothy B. Luisieir, Mathieu Kharche, Neerav Schenk, Andreas BE Jantsch, W Schaffler, F TI A study of alloyed nanowires from two perspectives: Approximate dispersion and transmission SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-28) CY JUL 24-28, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Res Ctr, Infineon, Austrian Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, FFG, Austrian Nano Initiat, Vienna Convent Bur, ICPS 27, Marabun Res, Raith, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, NMA Networking, Austrian Soc Micro & Nanoelect, Austrian Airlines, Inst Phys, Austriamicrosystems, Agilent Technologies, NIST, LOT ORIEL, Panasonic, ONR Off Naval Res, Volkswagen, USAF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Darpa DE nanowire; tight binding; transmission; transport; NEGF; disorder; alloy ID QUANTUM WIRES; MODULATED NANOWIRES; DOTS; STATES AB Local atomic arrangement in hetero structures or disorder due to alloying, surface roughness and impurities strongly influence the bandstructure and charge transport. With decreasing diameters down to nanometer scales, disorder can no longer be treated in an average manner using the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) and the need for atomistic simulations arises. This work looks at the nanoscale devices from two different perspectives. The materials science perspective in which average bandstructure of the whole nanowire is computed using the nanoelectronic modeling tool (NEMO-3D) and the zone-unfolding algorithm. The device physics perspective, where the transmission coefficient is calculated with an atomistic non-equilibrium Green's function (N-EGF) approach. Both approaches use 20 band sp(3)d(5)s* empirical tight-binding model with spin orbit coupling. The connection between dispersions and transmission coefficients of AlGaAs random alloy nanowires is highlighted. Both, transmission coefficients and average bandstructures show reduced bandgaps and noisy behavior. Their complimentary and mutually supporting nature provides a significant insight into the physics of charge transport through disordered systems. C1 Purdue Univ, Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Klimeck, Gerhard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boykin, Timothy B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Klimeck, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RI Kharche, Neerav/F-4331-2015; Klimeck, Gerhard/A-1414-2012 OI Kharche, Neerav/0000-0003-1014-6022; Klimeck, Gerhard/0000-0001-7128-773X FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0228390]; ONR; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX The work at Purdue was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant No. EEC-0228390 and ONR. nanoHUB.org computational resources were used in this work. The work at UAH was supported by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and ONR. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0397-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 893 BP 711 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGE22 UT WOS:000246281800348 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GA AF Schmidt, Gavin A. TI The physics of climate modelling SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Schmidt, GA (reprint author), NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012 OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 1 BP 72 EP 73 DI 10.1063/1.2709569 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121IU UT WOS:000243152100033 ER PT B AU Zhou, DK AF Zhou, Daniel K. BE Kong, JA TI Monitoring the earth, ocean, and atmosphere with hyperspectral remote sensors SO Piers 2007 Beijing: Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Pts I and II, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Info Sci & Engn, Beijing Inst Technol, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, BIT Ctr Electromagnet Simulat, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad ID RETRIEVAL METHODOLOGY AB The success of the NAST-I program enables us to understand the great benefits achieved with current and future hyperspectral remote sensors. Validated retrieval algorithms and results demonstrate the advancement of hyperspectral remote sensing capabilities in monitoring the Earth, ocean, and atmosphere. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zhou, DK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 978-1-934142-00-4 PY 2007 BP 230 EP 233 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH12 UT WOS:000246922600048 ER PT B AU Ivashov, SI Vasiliev, IA Bechtel, TD Snapp, C AF Ivashov, S. I. Vasiliev, I. A. Bechtel, T. D. Snapp, C. BE Kong, JA TI Comparison between impulse and holographic subsurface radar for NDT of space vehicle structural materials SO PIERS 2007 BEIJING: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Info Sci & Engn, Beijing Inst Technol, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, BIT Ctr Electromagnet Simulat, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad AB A subsurface holographic radar using a multi-frequency signal has been developed for inspecting dielectric construction materials. The characteristic feature of this device is the ability to obtain one-sided radar soundings/images with a high sensitivity and high resolution (2cm) in the frequency band of 3.6-4.0GHz. One promising application of the device is nondestructive evaluation of the heat protection system and other materials on the U.S. Space Shuttle, and proposed crewed exploration vehicle (CEV). The advantages of this continuous-wave holographic radar over traditional impulse subsurface radars are discussed and illustrated by experimental results. C1 [Ivashov, S. I.; Vasiliev, I. A.] Moscow State Tech Univ, Remote Sensing Lab, Moscow, Russia. [Bechtel, T. D.] Univ Penn, Enviroscan Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Snapp, C.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Ivashov, SI (reprint author), Moscow State Tech Univ, Remote Sensing Lab, Moscow, Russia. RI Ivashov, Sergey/C-1442-2015 OI Ivashov, Sergey/0000-0002-3605-5623 FU International Science and Technology Center FX Support for this work was provided by the International Science and Technology Center. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 978-1-934142-00-4 PY 2007 BP 1375 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH12 UT WOS:000246922600303 ER PT J AU Daglis, IA Tsurutani, BT Gonzalez, WD Kozyra, JU Orsini, S Cladis, J Kamide, Y Henderson, MG Vassiliadis, D AF Daglis, I. A. Tsurutani, B. T. Gonzalez, W. D. Kozyra, J. U. Orsini, S. Cladis, J. Kamide, Y. Henderson, M. G. Vassiliadis, D. TI Key features of intense geospace storms - A comparative study of a solar maximum and a solar minimum storm SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE storms and substorms; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; energetic particles; trapped; current systems; particle acceleration ID MAGNETOSPHERIC ION COMPOSITION; RING-CURRENT; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; MAGNETIC STORMS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FEBRUARY 1986; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; PLASMA SHEET; O+ IONS; MAGNETOTAIL AB This paper addresses the question of particular causes and dynamical characteristics of intense geospace storms through the comparative study of two specific examples: a solar maximum storm (4-6 June 1991) and a solar minimum storm (24-26 September 1998). We concentrate on issues pertaining to the origin, development, dynamical evolution and recovery of intense storms. The comparative study addresses the solar and interplanetary drivers, the ring current composition and its implications, the storm-substorm relationship, and the ring current decay. Our aim has been to identify features assumed common or repeatable and to elaborate on similarities or differences between two intense storms that are separated by 7 years and which occurred in different phases of the solar cycle. In view of planetary exploration, which is becoming the focus of space science both in the US and in Europe, classifying the drivers and parameters of solar-planetary connection is of particular interest. Solar system exploration will undoubtedly benefit from detailed knowledge of the conditions leading to intense geospace storms. The main conclusions of this paper can be listed as follows. More intense solar events do not necessarily result in more intense geospace storms. Storm development is driven by the appropriate interplanetary conditions; however, storm evolution is not defined by interplanetary conditions alone, but also by internal magnetospheric conditions - namely plasma sheet density and ion composition. Storm dynamics may also be modified by solar wind pressure. Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in the form of ionospheric outflow during storms presumably is the key to substorm, influence on storm dynamics; i.e., substorms influence storm development substantially, whenever they drive intense outflow of ionospheric-origin O+ ions into the magnetosphere. In particular, substorm-driven O+ outflow is one of the main features of intense storms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, Athens 15236, Greece. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Inst Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Lockheed Martin Space Phys Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Daglis, IA (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, Athens 15236, Greece. EM daglis@space.noa.gr; bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov; gonzalez@dge.inpe.br; jukozyra@umich.edu; orsini@ifsi.rm.cnr.it; cladis@mail.spasci.com; kamide@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; mghenderson@lanl.gov; vassi@electra.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011 OI Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.007 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 130MK UT WOS:000243803500004 ER PT J AU Mahaney, WC Miyamoto, H Dohm, JM Baker, VR Cabrol, NA Grin, EA Berman, DC AF Mahaney, William C. Miyamoto, Hideaki Dohm, James M. Baker, Victor R. Cabrol, Nathalie A. Grin, Edmond A. Berman, Daniel C. TI Rock glaciers on Mars: Earth-based clues to Mars' recent paleoclimatic history SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Mars; Rock Glacier Rheology; paleoctimatology ID ABSAROKA MOUNTAINS; GALENA CREEK; NEAR-SURFACE; ICE SHEETS; SWISS ALPS; LAVA FLOWS; GROUND ICE; PERMAFROST; DYNAMICS; DEFORMATION AB The Mars Orbital Camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, which is currently orbiting about Mars, has revealed hundreds of pristine lobate and tongue-shaped flows that closely display the morphological characteristics of terrestrial rock glaciers, both tongue- and lobe-shaped forms. Generally located between 30 degrees S and 47 degrees S latitude on Mars, these terrestrial-like flows have important paleoenvironmental implications, including marking environmental change from current, present cold and dry desert martian conditions to cold wetter climates in the past. Paleoenvironmental conditions, hypothesized to have significantly influenced the dimensions of the terrestrial-like flows, is supported through a simple dynamic model with the power-law rheology. The presence of periglacial landforms on Mars indicates the possible presence of permafrost and potential caches of water for future exobiological exploration. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Quaternary Surveys, Thornhill, ON L4J 1J4, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci Div, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Mahaney, WC (reprint author), Quaternary Surveys, 26 Thornhill Ave, Thornhill, ON L4J 1J4, Canada. EM bmahaney@yorku.ca; miyamoto@geosys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; jmd@hwr.arizona.edu; baker@hwr.arizona.edu; ncabrol@mail.arc.nasa.gov; bermandc@psi.edu RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014 NR 102 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.016 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 130MK UT WOS:000243803500015 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Mission goals and system engineering SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.003 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500002 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES Preface SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP XI EP + DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500001 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Accommodation, launch, cruise and arrival from orbit or interplanetary trajectory SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.004 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500003 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Entering atmospheres SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.005 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500004 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Descent through an atmosphere SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500005 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Descent to an airless body SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.007 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500006 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Planetary balloons, aircraft, submarines and cryobots SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.008 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500007 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Arrival at a surface SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.009 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500008 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Thermal control of landers and entry probes SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500009 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Power systems SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.011 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500010 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Communication and tracking of entry probes SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.012 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500011 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Radiation environment SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 121 EP 123 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.013 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500012 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Surface activities: arms, drills, moles and mobility SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.014 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500013 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Structures SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 130 EP 131 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.015 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500014 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Contamination of spacecraft and planets SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 132 EP 146 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.016 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500015 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Previous atmosphere/surface vehicles and their payloads SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.017 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500016 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Destructive impact probes SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 151 EP 152 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.018 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500017 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Atmospheric entry probes SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 153 EP 176 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.019 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500018 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Pod landers SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 177 EP 198 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.020 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500019 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Legged landers SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 199 EP 237 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.021 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 39 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500020 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Payload delivery penetrators SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.022 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500021 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Small body surface missions SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.023 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500022 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Surveyor landers SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.025 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500023 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Galileo probe SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.026 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500024 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Huygens SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.027 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500025 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.028 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500026 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Deep Space 2 Mars Microprobes SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.029 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500027 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Rosetta Lander Philae SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.030 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500028 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.031 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500029 ER PT J AU Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV AF Ball, Andrew J. Garry, James R. C. Lorenz, Ralph D. Kerzhanovich, Viktor V. BA Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV BF Ball, AJ Garry, JRC Lorenz, RD Kerzhanovich, VV TI Some key parameters for bodies in the Solar System SO PLANETARY LANDERS AND ENTRY PROBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, Andrew J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Garry, James R. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kerzhanovich, Viktor V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ball, AJ (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82002-8 PY 2007 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.032 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511536052.002 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BXM43 UT WOS:000296375500030 ER PT S AU Kobayashi, K West, EA Davis, JM Gary, GA AF Kobayashi, K. West, E. A. Davis, J. M. Gary, G. A. BE Shaw, JA Tyo, JS TI Polarization measurements on SUMI's TVLS gratings - art. no. 66820W SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE UV polarization; Solar Magnetograph; Sun; Sounding Rocket; toroidal gratings; VLS gratings; double Wollaston polarizer ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET MAGNETOGRAPH; LINE; REGION AB We present measurements of toroidal variable-line-space (TVLS) gratings for the Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph Investigation (SUMI), currently being developed at the National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC). SUMI is a spectro-polarimeter designed to measure magnetic fields in the solar chromosphere by observing two UV emission lines sensitive to magnetic fields, the CIV line at 155nm and the MgII line at 280nm. The instrument uses a pair of TVLS gratings, to observe both linear polarizations simultaneously. Efficiency measurements were done on bare aluminum gratings and aluminum/MgF2 coated gratings, at both linear polarizations. C1 [Kobayashi, K.; West, E. A.; Davis, J. M.; Gary, G. A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Kobayashi, K (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6830-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6682 BP W6820 EP W6820 DI 10.1117/12.731870 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHD77 UT WOS:000252361200027 ER PT B AU Hill, J Baggs, R AF Hill, Janice Baggs, Rhoda GP IEEE TI Software safety risk in legacy safety-critical computer systems SO PROCEEDINGS IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2007, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2007 CY MAR 22-25, 2007 CL IEEE Virginia Council, Richmond, VA SP IEEE HO IEEE Virginia Council AB Safety-critical computer systems must be engineered to meet system and soft-ware safety requirements. For legacy safety-critical computer systems, software safety requirements may not have been formally specified during development. When process-oriented software safety requirements are levied on a legacy system after the fact, where software development artifacts don't exist or are incomplete, the question becomes 'how can this be done?' The risks associated with only meeting certain software safety requirements in a legacy safety-critical computer system must be addressed should such systems be selected as candidates for reuse. This paper proposes a method for ascertaining formally, a software safety risk assessment, that provides measurements for software safety for legacy systems which may or may not have a suite of software engineering documentation that is now normally required It relies upon the NASA Software Safety Standard, risk assessment methods based upon the Taxonomy-Based Questionnaire, and the application of reverse engineering CASE tools to produce original design documents for legacy systems. C1 [Hill, Janice] Univ Florida, NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Baggs, Rhoda] Florida Inst Technol, Assistant Prof Comp Sci, Melbourne, FL USA. RP Hill, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Janice.L.Hill@nasa.gov; rbaggs@fit.edu OI Baggs, Rhoda/0000-0001-5929-358X FU NASA Office of Safety and Mission Assurance; NASA IVV Facility FX This research is supported by the NASA Office of Safety and Mission Assurance and the NASA IV&V Facility, Software Assurance Research Program. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1028-6 PY 2007 BP 229 EP + DI 10.1109/SECON.2007.342891 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHM52 UT WOS:000254279900052 ER PT B AU Zhang, T Stackhouse, PW Chandler, WS Hoell, JM Westberg, D Whitlock, CH AF Zhang, Taiping Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Chandler, William S. Hoell, James M. Westberg, David Whitlock, Charles H. BE Goswami, DY Zhao, YW TI A global perspective on renewable energy resources: NASA'S Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) Project SO PROCEEDINGS OF ISES SOLAR WORLD CONGRESS 2007: SOLAR ENERGY AND HUMAN SETTLEMENT, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Solar World Congress of the International-Solar-Energy-Society CY SEP 18-21, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Solar Energy Soc AB The Prediction of the Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) Project, initiated under the NASA Science Mission Directorate Applied Science Energy Management Program, analyzes, synthesizes and makes available data parameters on a global scale. These data have proved to be reliable and useful to the renewable energy industries, especially to the solar energy sectors. The POWER project derives its data primarily from NASA's World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)/Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project (Version 2.9) and the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) assimilation model (Version 4). The latest development of the NASA POWER Project and its plans for the future are presented in this paper. C1 [Zhang, Taiping; Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.; Chandler, William S.; Hoell, James M.; Westberg, David; Whitlock, Charles H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SSAI, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SSAI, Mail Stop 936, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-302-16146-2 PY 2007 BP 2636 EP 2640 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BHF11 UT WOS:000252634502074 ER PT B AU Andrews, R AF Andrews, R. GP Medimond TI Nanotechnology for neurosurgery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH EUROPEAN CONGRESS OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Congress of Neurosurgery CY SEP 02-07, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND ID CARBON AB This review introduces nanotechniques relevant to neurosurgery. We consider carbon nanotube electrode arrays, with their multiplex capability (1) to monitor both electrical and chemical activity at the cellular/synaptic cleft level, and (2) to stimulate both electrically and chemically (through the controlled release of, e.g., nerve growth factors) with similar precision. Examples of nanoneuromodulation are given: (1) carbon nanotube electrode arrays for deep brain stimulation, and (2) a multiplex neural growth tube for understanding and enhancing axon regeneration in spinal cord injury. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Andrews, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 978-88-7587-385-1 PY 2007 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BGZ56 UT WOS:000251574500006 ER PT S AU Shin, JY Gregory, I AF Shin, Jong-Yeob Gregory, Irene GP IEEE TI Robust gain-scheduled fault tolerant control for a transport aircraft SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Control Applications CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE ID VARYING CONTROL SYNTHESIS; SYSTEM; DESIGN AB This paper presents an application of robust gain-scheduled control concepts using a linear parameter-varying (LPV) control synthesis method to design fault tolerant controllers for a civil transport aircraft. To apply the robust LPV control synthesis method, the nonlinear dynamics must be represented by an LPV model, which is developed using the function substitution method over the entire flight envelope. The developed LPV model associated with the aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties represents nonlinear dynamics including those outside the equilibrium manifold. Passive and active fault tolerant controllers (FTC) are designed for the longitudinal dynamics of the Boeing 747-100/200 aircraft in the presence of elevator failure. Both FTC laws are evaluated in the full nonlinear aircraft simulation in the presence of the elevator fault and the results are compared to show "pros" and "cons" of each control law. C1 [Shin, Jong-Yeob] Natl INst Aerosp, 100 Expolrat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Gregory, Irene] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Shin, JY (reprint author), Natl INst Aerosp, 100 Expolrat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM shinjy@nianet.org; i.m.gregory@larc.nasa.gov FU NASA [NCC-1-02043] FX This work was supported by NASA under NCC-1-02043 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4244-0442-1 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2007 BP 1191 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHG74 UT WOS:000253024000202 ER PT S AU Southard, L Hoeg, TM Palmer, DW Antol, J Kolacinski, RM Quinn, RD AF Southard, Lori Hoeg, Thomas M. Palmer, Daniel W. Antol, Jeffrey Kolacinski, Richard M. Quinn, Roger D. GP IEEE TI Exploring mars using a group of tumbleweed rovers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE group behavior; Mars rover; wind-driven locomotion; biologically-inspired robotics AB Current Mars exploration and science is limited to orbiters and areas close to original rover landing sites. Most of the places of geological interest lay many kilometers outside of suitable landing sites. In-situ resources such as wind can enable rovers to travel great distances on Mars while using little internal power. In this paper, a dynamic model of an individual wind driven rover is used to enhance a stochastic simulation of multiple rovers traversing the Martian environment. The results from this simulation support the claim that a group of rovers equipped with minimal control mechanisms or internal energy sources can autonomously disperse and explore Mars. C1 [Southard, Lori; Hoeg, Thomas M.; Quinn, Roger D.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Palmer, Daniel W.] John Carroll Univ, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA. [Antol, Jeffrey] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kolacinski, Richard M.] CS Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Southard, L (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM lxs97@case.edu; Thomas.hoeg@case.edu; dpalmer@jcu.edu; Jeffrey.Antol-1@nasa.gov; rkolacinski@draper.com; rdq@case.edu FU NASA Langley Research Center [NNL04AA71G] FX This work was funded by NNL04AA71G from NASA Langley Research Center. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363080 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915300124 ER PT S AU Angelova, A Matthies, L Helmick, D Perona, P AF Angelova, Anelia Matthies, Larry Helmick, Daniel Perona, Pietro GP IEEE TI Learning slip behavior using automatic mechanical supervision SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID EM ALGORITHM AB We address the problem of learning terrain traversability properties from visual input, using automatic mechanical supervision collected from sensors onboard an autonomous vehicle. We present a novel probabilistic framework in which the visual information and the mechanical supervision interact to learn particular terrain types and their properties. The proposed method is applied to learning of rover slippage from visual information in a completely automatic fashion. Our experiments show that using mechanical measurements as automatic supervision significantly improves the visual-based classification alone and approaches the results of learning with manual supervision. This work will enable the rover to drive safely on slopes, learning autonomously about different terrains and their slip characteristics. C1 [Angelova, Anelia] CALTECH, Dept Comp Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Perona, Pietro] CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Matthies, Larry; Helmick, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Angelova, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Comp Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM anelia@vision.caltech.edu; lhm@jpl.nasa.gov; dhelmick@jpl.nasa.gov; perona@vision.caltech.edu FU NASA's Mars Technology FX This work is supported by NASAs Mars Technology Program funding. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 1741 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363574 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915301119 ER PT S AU Mehling, JS Strawser, P Bridgwater, L Verdeyen, WK Rovekarnp, R AF Mehling, Joshua S. Strawser, Philip Bridgwater, Lyndon Verdeyen, W. K. Rovekarnp, Roger GP IEEE TI Centaur: NASA's mobile humanoid designed for field work SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB NASA's future lunar and martian missions will require a suite of advanced robotic systems to complete tasks during precursor visits and to assist humans while present on the surface. The Centaur is a new mobile, dexterous manipulation system designed with this future role in mind. Centaur combines the sophisticated upper body dexterity of NASA's humanoid, Robonaut, with a rugged and versatile four-wheeled base. This combination allows for robotic use of human tools and interfaces in remote locations by incorporating design improvements to the existing Robonaut that target the challenges of planetary field work: rough terrain, a varied environment (temperature, dust, wind, etc.). and distance from human operators. An overview of Centaur's design is presented focusing on the features that serve to mitigate the above risks and allow the robot to perform human-like tasks in unstructured environments. The success of this design is also demonstrated by the results of a recent coordinated field demonstration in which Centaur, under both teleoperated and autonomous control, cooperated with other NASA robots. C1 [Mehling, Joshua S.; Strawser, Philip; Bridgwater, Lyndon; Verdeyen, W. K.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Automat Robot & Simulat Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rovekarnp, Roger] ESCG Hamilton Sundstrand, Robot Syst Technol Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Mehling, JS (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Automat Robot & Simulat Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM joshua.s.mehling@nasa.gov; roger.rovekamp-1@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 2928 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363916 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915302153 ER PT S AU Serrano, N Seraji, H AF Serrano, Navid Seraji, Homayoun GP IEEE TI Landing site selection using fuzzy rule-based reasoning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION AB In this paper, multiple on-board sensors are used to assess the terrain safety in real-time during spacecraft descent. A linguistic, fuzzy rule-based reasoning engine is used to determine terrain safety from sensor measurements and, together with information about required fuel consumption and site science return, provide a figure-of-merit for all possible landing sites. Additional fuzzy rule-sets are used to address spatial and temporal dependence in the reasoning process in order to arrive at a final score for each potential landing site. This landing score is used to retarget the spacecraft if the original landing site is found to be hazardous. Simulation studies are presented for illustration. C1 [Serrano, Navid; Seraji, Homayoun] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Serrano, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM navid.serrano@jpl.nasa.gov; homayoun.seraji@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Manuscript received September 15, 2006. The research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with funding from the Mars Technology Program, NASA Science Mission Directorate. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 4899 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.364234 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915304142 ER PT S AU Estlin, T Gaines, D Chouinard, C Castano, R Bornstein, B Judd, M Nesnas, I Anderson, R AF Estlin, Tara Gaines, Daniel Chouinard, Caroline Castano, Rebecca Bornstein, Benjamin Judd, Michele Nesnas, Issa Anderson, Robert GP IEEE TI Increased mars rover autonomy using AI planning, scheduling and execution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB This paper presents technology for performing autonomous commanding of a planetary rover. Through the use of AI planning, scheduling and execution techniques, the OASIS autonomous science system provides capabilities for the automated generation of a rover activity plan based on science priorities, the handling of opportunistic science, including new science targets identified by onboard data analysis software, other dynamic decision-making such as modifying the rover activity plan in response to problems or other state and resource changes. We first describe some of the particular challenges this work has begun to address and then describe our system approach. Finally, we report on our experience testing this software with a Mars rover prototype. C1 [Estlin, Tara; Gaines, Daniel; Chouinard, Caroline; Castano, Rebecca; Bornstein, Benjamin; Judd, Michele; Nesnas, Issa; Anderson, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Estlin, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tara.Estlin@jpl.nasa.gov; Daniel.Gaines@jpl.nasa.gov; Caroline.Chouinard@jpl.nasa.gov; Rebecca.Castano@jpl.nasa.gov; Benjamin.Bornstein@jpl.nasa.gov; Michele.Judd@jpl.nasa.gov; Issa.Nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; Robert.Anderson@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Mars Technology; NASA Intelligent Systems FX Manuscript received September 15, 2006. This work was supported by the NASA Mars Technology Program and NASA Intelligent Systems Program. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 4911 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.364236 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915304144 ER PT B AU Burt, EA Diener, WA Tjoelker, RL AF Burt, E. A. Diener, W. A. Tjoelker, R. L. GP IEEE TI Improvements to JPL's compensated Multi-pole Linear Ion Trap Standard and long-term measurements at the 10(-16) level SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS; STABILITY AB The Multi-pole Linear Ion Trap Standard (LITS) being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has demonstrated excellent short and long-term stability. The technology has now demonstrated long-term field operation providing a new capability for timekeeping standards. Recently implemented enhancements have resulted in a record room temperature microwave line Q of 5x10(12), a short-term fractional frequency stability of 5x10(-14)/tau(1/2) and reduction of the combined sensitivity to the primary LITS systematic effects below 5x10(-17) fractional frequency. Initial comparisons to JPL's cesium fountain clock show a systematic floor of less than 2x10(-16) The multi-pole LITS at JPL has been operating continuously and unattended since October, 2006 and is used as the frequency reference for the JPL geodetic receiver known as JPLT, enabling comparisons to any dock used as a reference for an IGS site. Initial comparisons with UTC over a 6-month period show a frequency deviation equivalent to less than 2.5x10(-17)/day. In the capacity of a stand-alone ultra-stable flywheel, such a standard could be invaluable for long-term timekeeping applications in metrology labs while its simplicity and robustness make it ideal for space applications as well. C1 [Burt, E. A.; Diener, W. A.; Tjoelker, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Burt, EA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM eric.a.burt@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1041 EP 1049 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319238 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500222 ER PT B AU Prestage, JD Chung, SK Lim, L Matevosian, A AF Prestage, John D. Chung, Sang K. Lim, Lawrence Matevosian, Armond GP IEEE TI Compact microwave mercury ion clock for deep-space applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB We have recently completed a breadboard ion-clock physics package based on Hg ions shuttled between a quadrupole and a 16-pole rf trap. With this architecture we have demonstrated short-term stability similar to 1-2x10(-13) at 1 second, averaging to 10,15 at 1 day. This development shows that H-maser quality stabilities can be produced in a small clock package, comparable in size to an ultra-stable quartz oscillator required for holding 1-2x10(-13) at 1 second. This performance was obtained in a sealed vacuum configuration where only a getter pump was used to maintain vacuum. The vacuum tube containing the traps has now been under sealed vacuum conditions for nearly two years with no measurable degradation of ion trapping lifetimes or clock short-term performance. We have fabricated the vacuum tube, ion trap and UV windows from materials that will allow a similar to 400 degrees C tube bake-out to prepare for tube seal-off. This approach to the vacuum follows the methods used in flight vacuum tube electronics, such as flight TWTA's where tube operation lifetime and shelf life of up to 15 years is achieved. We use neon as a buffer gas with 2-3 times less pressure induced frequency pulling than helium and, being heavier, negligible diffusion losses will occur over the operation lifetime. C1 [Prestage, John D.; Chung, Sang K.; Lim, Lawrence; Matevosian, Armond] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Prestage, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1113 EP 1115 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319251 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500235 ER PT B AU Miller, JJ Gifford, A Nelson, RA Felton, L Pitts, L VanLandingham, F Brodsky, B Oria, AJ Orr, RS Welch, B AF Miller, James J. Gifford, Al Nelson, Robert A. Felton, Larry Pitts, Lee VanLandingham, Frank Brodsky, Beryl Oria, A. J. Orr, Richard S. Welch, Bryan GP IEEE TI NASA architecture for solar system time distribution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is developing an architecture for communication, navigation, and time distribution to support the future human exploration of space. Foreseeable applications span a wide range of demands for time services, including event logging by robotic and human explorers, networking of cooperative elements on a planetary surface, time transfer for navigation, and time synchronization and correlation for communication and science. This paper describes the key attributes of a flexible approach designed to meet those demands. C1 [Miller, James J.; Gifford, Al] NASA, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Nelson, Robert A.] Satellite Engn Res Corp, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Felton, Larry; Pitts, Lee; VanLandingham, Frank] Comp Sci Corp, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. [Brodsky, Beryl; Oria, A. J.] Overlook Syst Technol Inc, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. [Orr, Richard S.] SATEL, LLC, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Welch, Bryan] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Miller, JJ (reprint author), NASA, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1299 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319286 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500270 ER PT S AU Bloem, M Alpcan, T Basar, T AF Bloem, Michael Alpcan, Tansu Basar, Tamer GP IEEE TI An optimal control approach to malware filtering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, United Technol, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, Princeton Univ Press, Maplesoft, Siam AB We study and develop an optimal control theoretic approach to malware filtering in the context of network security. We investigate the malware filtering problem by capturing e tradeoff between increased security on one hand and continue usability of the network on the other. We analyze the problem using a linear control system model with a quadratic cost structure and develop algorithms based on H-infinity-optimal control theory. A dynamic feedback filter is derived and shown to be an improvement over various heuristic approaches to malware filtering via numerical analysis. The results obtained are verified and demonstrated with packet level simulations on the Ns-2 network simulator. C1 [Bloem, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Alpcan, Tansu] Univ Tech Berlin, Deutsche Telekom Lab, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Basar, Tamer] Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bloem, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM michael.j.bloem@nasa.gov; tansu.alpcan@telekom.de; tbasar@control.csl.uiuc.edu RI Alpcan, Tansu/D-7089-2014 OI Alpcan, Tansu/0000-0002-7434-3239 FU Deutsche Telekom AG; Boeing Company, through the Information Trust Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign FX 1 Research supported in part by Deutsche Telekom AG. 2 Research supported in part by a grant from the Boeing Company, through the Information Trust Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-1497-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2007 BP 3134 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP50 UT WOS:000255181701214 ER PT S AU Bloem, M Alpcan, T Basar, T AF Bloem, Michael Alpcan, Tansu Basar, Tamer GP IEEE TI Optimal and robust epidemic response for multiple networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, United Technol, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, Princeton Univ Press, Maplesoft, Siam AB We study the optimization of malicious software removal or patch deployment processes across multiple networks. The well-known classical epidemic model is adapted to model malware propagation in this multi-network framework. We capture the trade-off between the infection spread and the patching costs in a cost function, leading to an optimal control problem. We linearize the system to derive feedback controllers using pole-placement, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal control, and H-infinity optimal control, where we explicitly model measurement errors in the number of infected clients. The resulting patching strategies are analyzed numerically and their results are compared. The proportional response that is typically assumed for the classical epidemic model is shown to be sub-optimal. C1 [Bloem, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bloem, Michael; Alpcan, Tansu] Tech Univ Berlin, Deutsch Telekom Labs, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Basar, Tamer] Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bloem, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM michael.j.bloem@nasa.gov; tansu.alpcan@telekom.de; tbasar@control.csl.uiuc.edu RI Alpcan, Tansu/D-7089-2014 OI Alpcan, Tansu/0000-0002-7434-3239 FU Deutsche Telekom AG; Boeing company through Information Trust Institute at University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign FX Research supported in part by Deutsche Telekom AG. Research supported in part by a grant from the Boeing company, through the Information Trust Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-1497-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2007 BP 3160 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP50 UT WOS:000255181701218 ER PT B AU Bachnak, R Chakinarapu, R Garcia, M Kar, D Nguyen, T AF Bachnak, Rafic Chakinarapu, Ramya Garcia, Mario Kar, Dulal Nguyen, Tien BE Le, MH Demiralp, M Mladenov, V Bojkovic, Z TI Real-time acquisition and display of data and video SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY AND ARTIFICIAL VISION (ISCGAV'-07) SE Electrical and Computer Engineering Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th WSEAS International Conference on Signal Processing, Computational Geometry and Artificial Vision CY AUG 24-26, 2007 CL Vouliagmeni, GREECE SP WSEAS DE data acquisition; overlaying text over video; real-time video AB This paper describes the development of a prototype that takes in an analog National Television System Committee video signal generated by a video camera and data acquired by a microcontroller and display them in real-time on a digital panel. An 8051 microcontroller is used to acquire power dissipation by the display panel, room temperature, and camera zoom level. The paper describes the major hardware components and shows how they are interfaced into a functional prototype. Test data results are presented and discussed. C1 [Bachnak, Rafic; Chakinarapu, Ramya; Garcia, Mario; Kar, Dulal] Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Nguyen, Tien] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Bachnak, R (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM bachnak@ieee.org FU NASA [NCC5-517]; NSF xxxx FX This project is partially supported by NASA under award no. NCC5-517 and NSF xxxx. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-960-8457-97-3 J9 ELE COM ENG PY 2007 BP 233 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHX73 UT WOS:000257283500042 ER PT B AU Silk, EA Kim, J Kiger, K AF Silk, Eric A. Kim, Jungho Kiger, Ken GP ASME TI Energy conservation based spray cooling CHF correlation for flat surface small area heaters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME THERMAL ENGINEERING SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering and Summer Heat Transfer Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, JSME ID FLUX CORRELATION; FREON-113; JET AB A forced convection analysis that emphasizes heat transfer phenomena at the heat exchange surface during spray cooling was used to develop a CHF correlation by recasting the multiphase energy balance equation in the form of the Nusselt number. Although multiphase effects are accounted for, the correlation primarily applies to flow scenarios that are single phase dominated. Test cases from previously published and unpublished studies by various researchers were included. Results for comparison of predicted vs. measured CHF are presented for several different working fluids. Predictions for the modeled cases show an average mean error of +/- 18% with 88% of the data predicted within a range of +/- 30%. The correlation applies to both gassy and degassed conditions for perfluorocarbons, water, and methanol. C1 [Silk, Eric A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Thermal Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Silk, EA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Thermal Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4274-4 PY 2007 BP 805 EP 813 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BHL33 UT WOS:000254029000104 ER PT B AU Ku, J Ottenstein, L Nagano, H AF Ku, Jentung Ottenstein, Laura Nagano, Hosei GP ASME TI Thermal vacuum testing of a miniature loop heat pipe with multiple evaporators and multiple condensers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME THERMAL ENGINEERING SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering and Summer Heat Transfer Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, JSME AB This paper describes thermal vacuum testing of a miniature loop heat pipe (MLHP) with two evaporators and two condensers designed for future small systems applications requiring low mass, low power and compactness. Each evaporator contains a wick with an outer diameter of 6.4 mm, and each has its own integral compensation chamber (CC). Multiple evaporators provide flexibility for placement of instruments that need to be maintained at the same temperature, and facilitate heat load sharing among instruments, resulting in a reduced auxiliary heater power requirement. A flow regulator is used to regulate heat dissipations among all condensers, thus providing flexibility for placement of radiators on the spacecraft. A thermoelectric converter (TEC) is attached to each CC for operating temperature control and enhancement of start-up success. Tests performed include start-up, power cycle, sink temperature cycle, high power and low power operation, heat load sharing, and operating temperature control. The MLHP demonstrated excellent performance in the thermal vacuum environment. The loop started successfully and operated stably under various evaporator heat loads and condenser sink temperatures. The TECs were able to maintain the loop operating temperature within +/- 0.5K of the desired set point temperature at all power levels and all sink temperatures. The un-powered evaporator would automatically share heat from the other powered evaporator. The CC control heater power was reduced by more than 50 percent when a TEC was used instead of conventional electrical heaters. The flow regulator was able to regulate the heat dissipation among the radiators and prevent vapor from flowing into the liquid line. C1 [Ku, Jentung; Ottenstein, Laura] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ku, J (reprint author), NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4275-1 PY 2007 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BHL43 UT WOS:000254072500029 ER PT B AU Van Zante, DE Podboy, GG Miller, CJ Thorp, SA AF Van Zante, Dale E. Podboy, Gary G. Miller, Christopher J. Thorp, Scott A. GP ASME TI Testing and performance verification of a high bypass ratio turbofan rotor in an internal flow component test facility SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A 115 scale model rotor representative of a current technology, high bypass ratio, turbofan engine was installed and tested in the W8 single-stage, high-speed, compressor test facility at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). The same fan rotor was tested previously in the GRC 9x15 Low Speed Wind Tunnel as a fan module consisting of the rotor and outlet guide vanes mounted in a flight-like nacelle. The W8 test verified that the aerodynamic performance and detailed flow field of the rotor as installed in W8 were representative of the wind tunnel fan module installation. Modifications to W8 were necessary to ensure that this internal flow facility would have a flow field at the test package that is representative of flow conditions in the wind tunnel installation. Inlet flow conditioning was designed and installed in W8 to lower the fan face turbulence intensity to less than 1.0% in order to better match the wind tunnel operating environment. Also, inlet bleed was added to thin the casing boundary layer to be more representative of a flight nacelle boundary layer. On the 100% speed operating line the fan pressure rise and mass flow rate agreed with the wind tunnel data to within 1%. Detailed hot film surveys of the inlet flow, inlet boundary layer and fan exit flow were compared to results from the wind tunnel. The effect of inlet casing boundary layer thickness on fan performance was quantified. Challenges and 'lessons learned' from testing this high flow, low static pressure rise fan in an internal flow facility are discussed. C1 [Van Zante, Dale E.; Podboy, Gary G.; Miller, Christopher J.; Thorp, Scott A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Van Zante, DE (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 51 EP 65 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400006 ER PT B AU Tong, MT AF Tong, Michael T. GP ASME TI A probabilistic system analysis of intelligent propulsion system technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst DE NASA; intelligent propulsion system technologies propulsion 21; probabilistic; system analysis; fuel burn; CO2; LTO NOx AB NASA's Intelligent Propulsion System Technology (Propulsion 21) project focuses on developing adaptive technologies that will enable commercial gas turbine engines to produce fewer emissions and less noise while increasing reliability. It features adaptive technologies that have included active tip-clearance control for turbine and compressor, active combustion control, turbine aero-thermal and flow control, and enabling technologies such as sensors which are reliable at high operating temperatures and are minimally intrusive. A probabilistic system analysis is performed to evaluate the impact of these technologies on aircraft CO2 (directly proportional to fuel bum) and LTO (landing and takeoff) NO, reductions. A 300-passenger aircraft, with two 396-kN thrust (85,000-pound) engines is chosen for the study. The results show that NASA's Intelligent Propulsion System technologies have the potential to significantly reduce the Co-2 and NOx emissions. The results are used to support informed decision-making on the development of the intelligent propulsion system technology portfolio for CO2 and NO, reductions. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Tong, MT (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 153 EP 161 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400016 ER PT B AU Nemeth, NN Jadaan, OM Baker, EH Gyekenyesi, JP AF Nemeth, Noel N. Jadaan, Osama M. Baker, Eric H. Gyekenyesi, John P. GP ASME TI Lifetime reliability prediction of ceramics subjected to thermal and mechanical cyclic loads SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID TUBULAR COMPONENTS; FRACTURE; STRESSES AB A methodology is shown for predicting the time-dependent reliability (probability of survival) of ceramic components against catastrophic rupture when subjected to thermal and mechanical cyclic loads. This methodology is based on the Weibull distribution to model stochastic strength and a power law that models subcritical crack growth. Changes in material response that can occur with temperature or time (i.e. changing fatigue and Weibull parameters with temperature or time) are accommodated by segmenting a cycle into discrete time increments. Material properties are assumed to be constant within an increment, but can vary between increments. This capability has been added to the NASA CARES/Life (Ceramic Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures/Life) code. The code has been modified to have the ability to interface with commercially available finite element analysis codes such as ANSYS executed for transient load histories. Examples are provided to demonstrate the features of the methodology as implemented in the CARES/Lifie program. C1 [Nemeth, Noel N.; Gyekenyesi, John P.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Nemeth, NN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 237 EP 249 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400025 ER PT B AU Murthy, PLN Mital, SK Gyekenyesi, JZ Gyekenyesi, JP AF Murthy, Pappu L. N. Mital, Subodh K. Gyekenyesi, John Z. Gyekenyesi, John P. GP ASME TI Reliability and creep/fatigue analysis of a CMC component SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB High temperature ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are being explored as viable candidate materials for hot section gas turbine components. These advanced composites can potentially lead to reduced weight and enable higher operating temperatures requiring less cooling; thus leading to increased engine efficiencies. There is a need for convenient design tools that can accommodate various loading conditions and material data with their associated uncertainties to estimate the minimum predicted life as well as the failure probabilities of a structural component. A computer code, NASALife, is used to predict the life of a 2-D woven silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) turbine stator vane due to a mission cycle which induces low cycle fatigue and creep. The output from this program includes damage from creep loading, damage due to cyclic loading and the combined damage due to the given loading cycle. Results indicate that the trends predicted by NASALife are as expected for the loading conditions used for this study. In addition, a combination of woven composite micromechanics, finite element structural analysis and Fast Probability Integration (FPI) techniques has been used to evaluate the maximum stress and its probabilistic distribution in a CMC turbine stator vane. Input variables causing scatter are identified and ranked based upon their sensitivity magnitude. Results indicate that reducing the scatter in proportional limit strength of the vane material has the greatest effect in improving the overall reliability of the CMC vane. C1 [Murthy, Pappu L. N.; Gyekenyesi, John P.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Murthy, PLN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400037 ER PT B AU Heidmann, JD Ekkad, S AF Heidmann, James D. Ekkad, Srinath GP ASME TI A novel anti-vortex turbine film cooling hole concept SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID DENSITY RATIO; JET; MODEL AB A novel turbine film cooling hole shape has been conceived and designed at NASA Glenn Research Center. This "anti-vortex" design is unique in that it requires only easily machinable round holes, unlike shaped film cooling holes and other advanced concepts. The hole design is intended to counteract the detrimental vorticity associated with standard circular cross-section film cooling holes. This vorticity typically entrains hot freestream gas and is associated with jet separation from the turbine blade surface. The anti-vortex film cooling hole concept has been modeled computationally for a single row of 30 degree angled holes on a flat surface using the 3D Navier-Stokes solver Glenn-HT. A blowing ratio of 1.0 and density ratios of 1.05 and 2.0 are Studied. Both film effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient values are computed and compared to standard round hole cases for the same blowing rates. A net heat flux reduction is also determined using both the film effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient values to ascertain the overall effectiveness of the concept. An improvement in film effectiveness of about 0.2 and in net heat flux reduction of about 0.2 is demonstrated for the anti-vortex concept compared to the standard round hole for both blowing ratios. Detailed flow Visualization shows that as expected, the design Counteracts the detrimental vorticity of the round hole flow, allowing it to remain attached to the surface. C1 [Heidmann, James D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Heidmann, JD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RI Ekkad, Srinath/E-9112-2014 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4793-0 PY 2007 BP 487 EP 496 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHI48 UT WOS:000253415700045 ER PT B AU Pai, SS Nagpal, VK AF Pai, Shantaram S. Nagpal, Vinod K. GP ASME TI Development of probabilistic structural analysis integrated with manufacturing processes SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An effort has been initiated to integrate manufacturing process simulations with probabilistic structural analyses in order to capture the important impacts of manufacturing uncertainties on component stress levels and life. Two physics-based manufacturing process models (one for powdered metal forging and the other for annular deformation resistance welding) have been linked to the NESSUS structural analysis code. This paper describes the methodology developed to perform this integration including several examples. Although this effort is still underway, particularly for full integration of a probabilistic analysis, the progress to date has been encouraging and a software interface that implements the methodology has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to report this preliminary development. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Pai, SS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4794-7 PY 2007 BP 1111 EP 1122 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGP80 UT WOS:000249598200116 ER PT B AU Adamczyk, JJ Hansen, JL Prahst, PS AF Adamczyk, John J. Hansen, Jeffrey L. Prahst, Patricia S. GP ASME TI A post test analysis of a high-speed two-stage axial flow compressor SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Vol 6, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB In 1991 under a Space Act Agreement between then Allison Gas Turbine Division (Rolls-Royce), NASA Lewis (NASA Glenn), and the Army Propulsion Directorate, a combined experimental and analytical research program was initiated to assess the capability of advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to predict the aerodynamic performance of high-speed, high-aerodynamic- loaded axial flow compressors. Both two-stage compressors that were designed, fabricated, and tested in this study and reported upon in this paper had a design pressure ratio of 5:1. In addition, several tests were run of the first stage of each of these two-stage machines in isolation. Extensive use was made of CFD codes to support the aero-design process. The objective of this paper is to report upon what was learned from this aero- design exercise. Both experimental and post-test CFD simulation results are presented. The original build of the two stage compressor fell short of meeting the targeted aero-performance goals. The shortcomings of this design are attributed to the failure of the CFD simulations conducted in support of the design to capture key phenomena which limited the aero-performance of the compressor. This failure is not due to the inability of the CFD code to account for these key phenomena. Rather the fault lies in not accounting for them in the simulations that were conducted in support of the aerodynamic design. Finally the paper outlines the steps taken in the aerodynamic design of the second build to overcome the shortcomings of the first build. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4795-4 PY 2007 BP 377 EP 388 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGP81 UT WOS:000249599300035 ER PT B AU Podboy, GG Krupar, MJ Sutliff, DL Horvath, C AF Podboy, Gary G. Krupar, Martin J. Sutliff, Daniel L. Horvath, Csaba GP ASME TI Shock characteristics measured upstream of both a forward-swept and an aft-swept fan SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Vol 6, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Three different types of diagnostic data-blade surface flow visualization, shroud unsteady pressure, and laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) - were obtained on two fans, one forward-swept and one aft-swept, in order to learn more about the shocks which propagate upstream of these rotors when they are operated at transonic tip speeds. Flow visualization data are presented for the forward-swept fan operating at 13831 RPM, and for the aft-swept fan operating at 12500 and 13831 RPM, (corresponding to tip rotational Mach numbers of 1.07 and 1.19, respectively). The flow visualization data identify where the shocks occur on the suction side of the rotor blades. These data show that at the takeoff speed, 13831 RPM,, the shocks occurring in the tip region of the forward-swept fan are further downstream in the blade passage than with the aft-swept fan. Shroud unsteady pressure measurements were acquired using a linear array of 15 equally-spaced pressure transducers extending from two tip axial chords upstream to 0.8 tip axial chords downstream of the static position of the tip leading edge of each rotor. Such data are presented for each fan operating at one subsonic and five transonic tip speeds. The unsteady pressure data show relatively strong detached shocks propagating upstream of the aft-swept rotor at the three lowest transonic tip speeds, and weak, oblique pressure disturbances attached to the tip of the aft-swept fan at the two highest transonic tip speeds. The unsteady pressure measurements made with the forward-swept fan do not show strong shocks propagating upstream of that rotor at any of the tested speeds. A comparison of the forward-swept and aft-swept shroud unsteady pressure measurements indicates that at any given transonic speed the pressure disturbance just upstream of the tip of the forward-swept fan is much weaker than that of the aft-swept fan. The LDV data suggest that at 12500 and 13831 RPMc, the forward-swept fan swallowed the passage shocks occurring in the tip region of the blades, whereas the aft-swept fan did not. Due to this difference, the flows just upstream of the two fans were found to be quite different at both of these transonic speeds. Nevertheless, despite distinct differences just upstream of the two rotors, the two fan flows were much more alike about one axial blade chord further upstream. As a result, the LDV data suggest that it is unwise to attempt to determine the effect that the shocks have on far field noise by focusing only on measurements (or CFD predictions) made very near the rotor. Instead, these data suggest that it is important to track the shocks throughout the inlet. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Podboy, GG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Horvath, Csaba/H-3221-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4795-4 PY 2007 BP 1455 EP 1478 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGP81 UT WOS:000249599300137 ER PT B AU Hah, C Lee, YT AF Hah, Chunill Lee, Yu-Tai GP ASME TI Unsteady pressure field due to interactions among tip leakage vortex, trailing edge vortex, and vortex shedding in a ducted propeller SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Vol 6, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COMPRESSOR; CLEARANCE; FLOW AB A detailed numerical study was performed to investigate the unsteady flow field near the tip of a ducted propeller blade. The primary objective was to understand the formation of the point of minimum static pressure, where cavitation inception occurs, in a ducted propeller. An experimental study showed that cavitation inception (minimum static pressure) occurs at about 50% blade chord downstream of the rotor trailing edge, while conventional estimation predicts it about 10% blade chord downstream in the tip leakage vortex. Steady flow analysis, which indicates that the minimum static pressure occurs about 15% axial chord downstream in the tip leakage vortex, does not calculate measured cavitation inception correctly. The flow field near the tip section is unsteady due to interactions among the tip leakage vortex, the trailing edge vortex, and vortex shedding in the wake. Because the steady flow analysis does not reproduce the measured minimum static pressure location in the current rotor, it was suspected that the observed phenomenon was due to some unsteady flow phenomenon in the tip region. To capture relevant unsteady flow physics as much as possible, a large eddy simulation (LES) was applied to the current investigation. The present study reveals that periodic interaction between the tip leakage vortex and the trailing edge vortex initially creates a local low pressure point about 15% blade chord downstream. As the tip leakage vortex flows downstream, it is bent and stretched by the interaction between the shed trailing edge vortex and the tip leakage vortex originating from the adjacent blade interaction. This stretching of the tip leakage vortex creates a new lower local pressure core in the tip leakage vortex. The current unsteady flow simulation shows that the minimum pressure point, where cavitation inception occurs, is observed intermittently at about 50% blade chord downstream of the trailing edge, as the measurement shows. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-11, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4795-4 PY 2007 BP 1639 EP 1646 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGP81 UT WOS:000249599300152 ER PT J AU Villa-Gonzalez, M Marchese, AJ Easton, JW Miller, FJ AF Villa-Gonzalez, Marcos Marchese, Anthony J. Easton, John W. Miller, Fletcher J. TI Experimental measurements of two-dimensional planar propagating edge flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE edge flames; layered flames; free-layer flames; laminar flame; ethane AB The study of edge flames has received increased attention in recent years. This work reports the results of a recent study into two-dimensional, planar, propagating edge flames that are remote from solid surfaces (called here, "free-layer" flames, as opposed to layered flames along floors or ceilings). They represent an ideal case of a flame propagating down a flammable plume, or through a flammable layer in microgravity. The results were generated using a new apparatus in which a thin stream of gaseous fuel is injected into a low-speed laminar wind tunnel thereby forming a flammable layer along the centerline. An airfoil-shaped fuel dispenser downstream of the duct inlet issues ethane from a slot in the trailing edge. The air and ethane mix due to mass diffusion while flowing up towards the duct exit, forming a flammable layer with a steep lateral fuel concentration gradient and smaller axial fuel concentration gradient. We characterized the flow and fuel concentration fields in the duct using hot wire anemometer scans, flow visualization using smoke traces, and non-reacting, numerical modeling using COSMOSFloWorks. In the experiment, a hot wire near the exit ignites the ethane-air layer, with the flame propagating downwards towards the fuel source. Reported here are tests with the air inlet velocity of 25 cm/s and ethane flows of 967-1299 sccm, which gave conditions ranging from lean to rich along the centerline. In these conditions the flame spreads at a constant rate faster than the laminar burning rate for a premixed ethane-air mixture. The flame spread rate increases with increasing transverse fuel gradient (obtained by increasing the fuel flow rate), but appears to reach a maximum. The flow field shows little effect due to the flame approach near the igniter, but shows significant effect, including flow reversal, well ahead of the flame as it approaches the airfoil fuel source. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Easton, John W.; Miller, Fletcher J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Villa-Gonzalez, Marcos; Marchese, Anthony J.] Rowan Univ, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. RP Miller, FJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM fletcher@grc.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 939 EP 946 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.039 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000095 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Linteris, GT Katta, VR AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Linteris, Gregory T. Katta, Viswanath R. TI Vortex-coupled oscillations of edge diffusion flames in coflowing air with dilution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE edge diffusion flame; vortex-flame interaction; flame oscillation; flame flickering; cup burner ID REACTION KERNEL STRUCTURE; CUP-BURNER FLAMES; LIFTED FLAMES; MICROGRAVITY; JETS; STABILIZATION; PROPANE AB The unsteady characteristics of oscillating methane diffusion flames in coflowing air diluted with CO2 in earth gravity have been studied experimentally and computationally. The measured frequency of flame flickering due to buoyancy-driven large-scale vortices was bi-modal; it jumped from approximate to 11 Hz to approximate to 15 Hz with an increase in the air velocity (at approximate to 11 cm/s). As CO2 was added into coflowing air gradually, the base (edge) of the flame detached from the burner rim, oscillated at half the flickering frequency, and blew off eventually. Numerical simulations with full chemistry predicted the internal flame structure and unsteady flame behavior: flame flickering, tip separation, base detachment, oscillation, and blowoff, in good agreement with the experiment. The mechanism of the edge diffusion flame oscillation was due to a cyclic series of events: (1) flame-base detachment and drifting downstream as a result of weakening due to dilution and a momentary increase in the entrainment-flow velocity associated with the vortex evolution, (2) fuel-air mixing in widened, lower-speed, wake space between the flame base and the burner rim, and (3) flame-base propagation through the flammable mixture layer back to the burner rim. A peak reactivity spot (reaction kernel) at the edge diffusion flame controlled the unsteady behavior through its dramatic changes in characteristics from the passively drifting to (premixed-type) propagating phase during a cycle. Because a mixing time of approximately 100 ms was required before propagation was enabled, a subsequent vortex evolved and passed. Thus, the flame-base oscillation was strongly coupled with the buoyancy-driven vortex evolution and the oscillation frequency was locked-in to half the flame-flickering frequency. The results have implications in turbulent flame structure; more specifically, the local extinction-mixing-reignition processes, in that the slow molecular mixing can become rate-limiting and the edge diffusion flame structure can be significantly different, depending on the phase in the process. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Fumiaki.Takahashi@grc.nasa.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1575 EP 1582 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.227 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000169 ER PT J AU Selle, LC Bellan, J AF Selle, L. C. Bellan, J. TI Scalar-dissipation modeling for passive and active scalars: A priori study using direct numerical simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE scalar-dissipation modeling ID FLOW SIMULATIONS; TURBULENT FLOWS; MIXING LAYER; MIXTURES; JET; EVAPORATION; DROPS; COMPONENTS; PARTICLES; FLAMES AB Transitional databases from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of three-dimensional mixing layers for single-phase flows and two-phase flows with evaporation are analyzed and used to examine the typical hypothesis that the scalar-dissipation probability distribution function (PDF) may be modeled as a Gaussian. The databases encompass a singlecomponent fuel and four multicomponent fuels, two initial Reynolds numbers (Re), two mass loadings for two-phase flows and two free-stream gas temperatures. Using the DNS-calculated moments of the scalar-dissipation PDF, it is shown, consistent with existing experimental information on single-phase flows, that the Gaussian is a modest approximation of the DNS-extracted PDF, particularly poor in the range of the high scalar-dissipation values, which are significant for turbulent reaction rate modeling in non-premixed flows using flamelet models. With the same DNS-calculated moments of the scalar-dissipation PDF and making a change of variables, a model of this PDF is proposed in the form of the beta-PDF which is shown to approximate much better the DNS-extracted PDF, particularly in the regime of the high scalar-dissipation values. Several types of statistical measures are calculated over the ensemble of the 14 databases. For each statistical measure, the proposed beta-PDF model is shown to be superior to the Gaussian in approximating the DNS-extracted PDF. Additionally, the agreement between the DNS-extracted PDF and the beta-PDF even improves when the comparison is performed for higher initial-Re layers, whereas the comparison with the Gaussian is independent of the initial Re values. For two-phase flows, the comparison between the DNS-extracted PDF and the beta-PDF also improves with increasing free-stream gas temperature and mass loading. The higher fidelity approximation of the DNS-extracted PDF by the beta-PDF with increasing Re, gas temperature and mass loading bodes well for turbulent reaction rate modeling. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Selle, L. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Selle, L. C.; Bellan, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bellan, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Josette.Bellan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Selle, Laurent/I-6369-2013 OI Selle, Laurent/0000-0002-5997-3646 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1665 EP 1673 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.003 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000180 ER PT J AU Selle, LC Bellan, J AF Selle, L. C. Bellan, J. TI Evaluation of assumed-PDF methods in two-phase flows using direct numerical simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE assumed-PDF methods in two-phase flows ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; DENSITY-FUNCTION; MIXING LAYERS; HEAT RELEASE; PART 1; EVAPORATION; MIXTURES; DROPS AB The hypothesis of uncorrelated temperature (T) and vapor-fuel mass fraction (Y-v), frequently made when modeling reaction rates using assumed-PDF models, is examined utilizing transitional databases from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of three-dimensional mixing-layers two-phase (TP) flows with evaporation. Because the databases do not contain chemical reaction, which would further correlate variables, finding here a correlation between T and Y-v is sufficient for invalidating reaction rate modeling of the joint (.T, Y-v) probability distribution function (PDF) as a product of the marginal PDFs. The databases comprise four multicomponent fuels, two mass loadings and two free-stream gas temperatures. For comparison, databases for single-phase (SP) flows are also analyzed at two initial Reynolds numbers. The examination is conducted in the mixing layer excluding the free streams and in a more restricted part of the mixing layer constituting its core. The analysis is performed at the DNS and large eddy simulation (LES) scales, and subgrid scale (SGS). To obtain the LES database, the DNS database is filtered, and an evaluation of the examined correlation at the LES and SGS scales is made at two filter sizes. At the DNS scale, T and Y-v are practically uncorrelated for SP flows, showing the weak influence of the perfect-gas equation of state, whereas for TP flows the correlation is strong and increases with mass loading indicating the powerful effect of the phase change. At the LES scale, the findings emulate those at the DNS scale. The fluctuations of the SGS scale are uncorrelated for SP flows, but the product of the marginal PDFs is different from the joint PDF. For TP flows, the fluctuations are correlated and the correlation increases with temperature, casting doubt on current assumed PDFs used to model chemistry in reacting sprays. These results are independent of filter size. The joint PDFs for TP and SP fluctuations are successfully modeled. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Selle, L. C.; Bellan, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bellan, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bellan, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Josette.Bellan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Selle, Laurent/I-6369-2013 OI Selle, Laurent/0000-0002-5997-3646 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2273 EP 2281 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.004 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200067 ER PT J AU Putzey, O Bar-Ilan, A Rein, G Fernandez-Pello, AC Urban, DL AF Putzey, Olivier Bar-Ilan, Amnon Rein, Guillermo Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos Urban, David L. TI The role of secondary char oxidation in the transition from smoldering to flaming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE smoldering; transition to flaming; secondary char oxidation; polyurethane foam; ultrasound ID FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM; COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION; FLOW AB The transition from forward smoldering to flaming in polyurethane foam is observed using in-depth thermocouples and ultrasound probing. The experiments are conducted with small parallelepiped samples vertically placed in an upward wind tunnel. Three of the vertical sample sides are maintained at elevated temperature and the fourth is exposed to an upward oxidizer flow and a radiant heat flux. An ultrasound probing technique is used to measure the line-of-sight average permeability of the sample at the same heights as the thermocouples. The smolder front propagation is tracked by both the thermocouples and ultrasound data, which show an increase in temperature and permeability upon passage of the smolder front. The permeability data also show that the transition to flaming is preceded by rapid fluctuations in permeability in the char region below the smolder front, indicating the formation of pores by secondary char oxidation. The pores provide locations for the onset of gas-phase ignition (i.e., transition to flaming). The results from all the tests indicate that the formation of pores is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the transition to flaming. Two novel measures of the intensity of the secondary char oxidation are introduced: the time derivative of permeability, and the secondary char oxidation velocity. The time derivative of permeability, which provides a measure of the pore formation rate, is found to increase as the oxygen concentration and/or radiant heat flux increase, and to indicate the likelihood of the transition to flaming. The permeability data offers a means to track the propagation of the secondary char oxidation, and to calculate the secondary char oxidation velocity, which is found to be strongly correlated to the transition to flaming. A simplified energy balance model is able to predict the dependence of the secondary char oxidation velocity on oxygen concentration and radiant heat flux. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Putzey, Olivier; Bar-Ilan, Amnon; Rein, Guillermo; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Urban, David L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Fernandez-Pello, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, 6105A Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ferpelloo@me.berkeley.edu OI Rein, Guillermo/0000-0001-7207-2685 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2669 EP 2676 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.006 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200113 ER PT J AU Rein, G Fernandez-Pello, AC Urban, DL AF Rein, Guillermo Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos Urban, David L. TI Computational model of forward and opposed smoldering combustion in microgravity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE smoulder; polyurethane; fire; kinetics; porous media ID FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAMS; REVERSE SMOLDER; FLOW SMOLDER; FUEL BEDS; PROPAGATION; EXTINCTION AB A novel computational model of smoldering combustion capable of predicting both forward and opposed propagation is developed. This is accomplished by considering the one-dimensional, transient, governing equations for smoldering combustion in a porous fuel accounting for improved chemical kinetics. The heterogeneous chemistry is modeled with a 5-step mechanism for polyurethane foam. The kinetic parameters for this mechanism were obtained from thermogravimetric data in the literature and reported by the authors elsewhere. The results from previously conducted microgravity experiments with flexible polyurethane foam are used for calibration and testing of the numerical results. Both forward and opposed smoldering configurations are examined. By considering the 5-step mechanism, the numerical model is able to predict qualitatively and quantitatively the smoldering behavior, reproducing the most important features of the process. Specifically, the model predicts the transient temperature profiles, the overall structure of the reaction-front, the onset of smoldering ignition, and the propagation rate. The fact that it is possible to predict the experimental observations in both opposed and forward propagation with a single model is a significant improvement in the development of numerical models of smoldering combustion. This is particularly relevant in multidimensional simulations where distinction between forward and opposed modes is no longer applicable. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rein, Guillermo; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Urban, David L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Fernandez-Pello, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 6105A Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ferpello@me.berkeley.edu OI Rein, Guillermo/0000-0001-7207-2685 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2677 EP 2684 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.047 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200114 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Linteris, GT Katta, VR AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Linteris, Gregory T. Katta, Viswanath R. TI Extinguishment mechanisms of coflow diffusion flames in a cup-burner apparatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE fire suppression; extinguishment; flame stability; diffusion flames; cup burner AB The extinguishment processes of methane-air coflow diffusion flames formed on a cup burner in earth gravity have been investigated experimentally and computationally. As a gaseous fire-extinguishing agent (CO2, N-2, He, Ar, CF3H, CF3Br, or Br-2) was introduced gradually into a coflowing oxidizer stream, the base (edge) of the flame detached from the burner rim, oscillated, and eventually extinguished. This extinguishment occurred via a blowoff process (in which the flame base drifted downstream) rather than the global chemical extinction typical of counterflow diffusion flames. The agent concentration in the oxidizer required for extinguishment was nearly independent of the mean oxidizer velocity over a wide range, exhibiting a plateau region. Numerical simulations with full chemistry revealed the unsteady blowoff process and predicted the minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of each agent in good agreement with the measurement. The calculations indicated that flame stabilization at the flame base depended upon diffusion of radicals and heat from the trailing diffusion flame upstream into the peak reactivity spot (i.e., reaction kernel). For physically acting agents, the flame blew off as the trailing diffusion flame temperature decreased to approximate to 1700 K, at which point the back-diffusion of heat and chain radicals into the flame stabilizing region was sufficiently reduced. Consequently, the relative ranking of inert agent effectiveness depended primarily on the heat capacity of the agent-laden oxidizer. Nonetheless, for helium, the MEC was lower than that of argon (which has the same specific heat). The numerical results showed that addition of helium leads to greater heat losses from the downstream diffusion region of the flame than addition of argon because helium addition raised the thermal conductivity of the gas mixture relative to argon addition. The results highlight the importance of the downstream diffusion flame conditions for supporting the flame stabilization which ultimately occurs at the reaction kernel. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Fumiaki.Takahashi@grc.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2721 EP 2729 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.112 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200119 ER PT B AU Dimanlig, ACB Meadowcroft, ET Strawn, R Potsdam, M AF Dimanlig, Arsenio C. B. Meadowcroft, Edward T. Strawn, Roger Potsdam, Mark TI Computational modeling of the CH-47 helicopter in hover SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB This paper describes installed rotor performance computations for the CH-47 Chinook tandem-rotor helicopter. The computations were performed with a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver using overset structured grids to resolve the flow around the rotors, the fuselage, and the resulting rotor wake system. The calculations model all six rotor blades discretely while resolving the rotor motions relative to the fuselage in a time-accurate manner. The computational performance predictions are compared to Boeing flight test data and show good agreement with the experimental measurements. In addition, the computational results provide a wealth of data on the interactions between the rotor wake system and the fuselage that can't be easily obtained in any other way. C1 [Dimanlig, Arsenio C. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Meadowcroft, Edward T.] Boeing Integrated Def Syst, Rotorcraft Syst, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Strawn, Roger; Potsdam, Mark] US Army, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Dimanlig, ACB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM adimanlig@mail.arc.nasa.gov; ted.meadowcroft@boeing.com; rstrawn@mail.arc.nasa.gov; mpotsdam@mail.arc.nasa.gov FU High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) under Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative Portfolio [CST-05]; US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command [NNA05BF35C]; DoD HPCMP at the Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center FX This work was funded by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) under Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative Portfolio CST-05, and by the US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command through contract NNA05BF35C to ELORET. This work was also supported by computer time from the DoD HPCMP at the Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 98 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900015 ER PT B AU Tracy, FT Oppe, TC Gavali, S AF Tracy, Fred T. Oppe, Thomas C. Gavali, Sharad TI Testing parallel linear iterative solvers for finite element groundwater flow problems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The modeling of groundwater flow using three-dimensional finite element discretizations creates a need to solve large systems of sparse linear equations (Ax = b) at each of several nonlinear iterations. These linear systems can be difficult to solve because of the ill-conditioning of the matrix A resulting from the widely varying magnitudes of its coefficients. Because the meshes may contain millions of nodes, iterative solvers are typically used to perform the Ax = b solution. Since 80 percent or more of the computational time is spent in the iterative solver part of the computer program, choosing the most efficient solver for each application can dramatically reduce the total solution time. This paper tests 12 Krylov subspace parallel linear iterative solvers with five preconditioners (60 scenarios) on linear systems of equations resulting from a finite element study of remediation of a military site using pump-and-treat technology. Both symmetric, positive-definite matrices resulting from a Picard linearization of the nonlinear equations for the steady-state case, and nonsymmetric matrices, arising from a Newton linearization of the nonlinear equations of a transient case, are studied. The Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) library was used in this study on the Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center SGI O3K and Cray XT3 computers. Matrix data corresponding to each subdomain in a parallel groundwater finite element program were first written to a file in a compressed sparse column format. A separate program was then written in FORTRAN to read these data, renumber the nodes, call the PETSc routines to load A and b and then solve for x, and finally compute error norms. Solver time, iteration count, 2-norm and infinity-norm of the residual after convergence, weak speedup, and strong speedup are tabulated in this paper for the different scenarios and then analyzed. C1 [Tracy, Fred T.; Oppe, Thomas C.] USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. [Gavali, Sharad] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Tracy, FT (reprint author), USACE, ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. EM Fred.T.Tracy@erdc.usace.army.mil; Thomas.C.Oppe@erdc.usace.army.mil; gavali@nas.nasa.gov FU Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shred Resource Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS FX This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shred Resource Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 474 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900075 ER PT S AU Park, JM Brosten, TR Evans, AT Rasmussen, K Nellis, GF Klein, SA Feller, JR Salerno, L Gianchandani, YB AF Park, Jong M. Brosten, Tyler R. Evans, Allan T. Rasmussen, Kristian Nellis, Gregory F. Klein, Sanford A. Feller, Jeffrey R. Salerno, Louis Gianchandani, Yogesh B. GP IEEE TI A piezoelectric microvalve with integrated sensors for cryogenic applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE TWENTIETH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) CY JAN 21-25, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE AB This paper describes a normally open, self-encapsulated, gas valve that has embedded sensors for pressure and temperature monitoring. The valve has been validated at operating temperatures over 80-380 K, and at pressures up to 130 kPa. A perimeter augmentation scheme for the valve seat has been implemented to provide higher flow modulation. Two kinds of suspensions are described for the valve seat. In tests performed at room temperature, the flow was modulated from 980 mL/min. with the valve fully open (0 V), to 0 mL/min. with 60 V actuation, at an inlet pressure of 55 kPa. Cryogenic flow rate tests show similar modulation with flow from 166 mL/min. with the valve fully open, to 5.3 mL/min. with 120 V actuation voltage, at an inlet pressure of 70 kPa. The platinum RTD temperature sensor is independently tested from 40-450 K with sensitivity of 0.23%/K in its operational range of 150-450 K. The pressure sensor has sensitivity of 250 ppm/kPa at room temperature. C1 [Park, Jong M.; Evans, Allan T.; Gianchandani, Yogesh B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brosten, Tyler R.; Rasmussen, Kristian; Nellis, Gregory F.; Klein, Sanford A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Feller, Jeffrey R.; Salerno, Louis] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Park, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NASA [NNA05CP85G] FX The authors are grateful to the Michigan Nanofabrication Facility at the University of Michigan. The authors also appreciate the contribution of Daniel Hoch at the University of Wisconsin in valuable discussions. This work is supported primarily by NASA under award NNA05CP85G NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-0950-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2007 BP 128 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHS11 UT WOS:000255867800032 ER PT S AU Krimm, H AF Krimm, Hans CA Swift Science Team BE Halzen, F Karle, A Montaruli, T TI Gamma-ray observations with Swift and their impact SO Proceedings of the TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop 2006 CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Madison, WI ID BURSTS; TELESCOPE; MISSION AB The Swift gamma-ray burst explorer was launched on Nov. 20, 2004 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The first instrument onboard became fully operational less than a month later. Since that time the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on Swift has detected more than 180 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), most of which have also been observed within two minutes by the Swift narrow-field instruments: the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and the Ultra-Violet and Optical Telescope (UVOT). Swift trigger notices are distributed worldwide within seconds of the trigger through the Gamma-ray burst Coordinates Network (GCN) and a substantial fraction of GRBs have been followed up by ground and space-based telescopes, ranging in wavelength from radio to TeV. Correlations of Swift bursts with neutrino and gravity wave detectors have promise of finding the first non-electromagnetic signature of a GRB. Swift is also a sensitive X-ray observatory with capabilities to monitor galactic and extragalactic transients on a daily basis, carry out the first all-sky hard X-ray survey since HEAO-1, and study in detail the spectra of X-ray transients as part of coordinated multi-wavelength observing campaigns. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Krimm, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/018 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400018 ER PT S AU Stecker, FW AF Stecker, F. W. BE Halzen, F Karle, A Montaruli, T TI Upper limits to fluxes of neutrinos and gamma-rays from starburst galaxies SO Proceedings of the TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop 2006 CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Madison, WI ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; EMISSION; GAS AB Loeb and Waxman have argued that high energy neutrinos from the decay of pions produced in interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar gas in starburst galaxies would be produced with a large enough flux to be observable. Here we obtain an upper limit to the diffuse neutrino flux from starburst galaxies which is a factor of similar to 5 lower than the flux which they predict. Compared with predicted fluxes from other extragalactic high energy neutrino sources, starburst neutrinos with similar to PeV energies would have a flux considerably below that predicted for AGN models. We also estimate an upper limit for the diffuse GeV gamma-ray flux from starbust galaxies to be O(10(-2)) of the observed gamma-ray background, much less than the component from unresolved blazars. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stecker, FW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/045 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400045 ER PT S AU Stecker, FW Scully, ST AF Stecker, F. W. Scully, S. T. BE Halzen, F Karle, A Montaruli, T TI Power-law to power-law mapping of blazar spectra from intergalactic absorption SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TEV PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS II WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop 2006 CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Madison, WI ID ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; SPITZER VIEW; DISCOVERY AB We have derived a useful analytic approximation for determining the effect of intergalactic absorption on the gamma-ray spectra of TeV blazars the energy range 0.2 TeV < E-gamma < 2 TeV and the redshift range 0.05 < z < 0.4. In these ranges, the form of the absorption coefficient tau(E gamma) is approximately logarithmic. The effect of this energy dependence is to steepen intrinsic source spectra such that a source with an approximate power-law spectral index Gamma(s) is converted to one with an observed spectral index Gamma(o) similar or equal to Gamma(s) + Delta Gamma(z) where Delta Gamma(z) is a linear function of z in the redshift range 0.05 - 0.4. We apply this approximation to the spectra of 7 TeV blazars. C1 [Stecker, F. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Scully, S. T.] James Madison Univ, Dept Phys, Harrisonburg, VA USA. RP Stecker, FW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM stecker@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012 FU NASA [ATP03-0000-0057] FX This work was supported by NASA Grant ATP03-0000-0057. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 315 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/070 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400070 ER PT J AU Tashiro, MS Abe, K Angelini, L Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Ishikawa, N Kaluzienski, LJ Kawai, N Kelley, RL Kinugasa, K Kodaira, H Kohmura, T Kubota, K Maeda, Y Maeno, S Murakami, H Murakami, T Nakagawa, YE Nakazawa, K Nousek, J Okuno, S Onda, K Reeves, JN Ricker, G Sato, G Sonoda, E Suzuki, M Takahashi, T Tamagawa, T Torii, K Ueda, Y Urata, Y Yamaoka, K Yamauchi, M Yonetoku, D Yoshida, A Yoshinari, S AF Tashiro, Makoto S. Abe, Keiichi Angelini, Lorella Barthelmy, Scott Gehrels, Neil Ishikawa, Nobuyuki Kaluzienski, Louis J. Kawai, Nobuyuki Kelley, Richard L. Kinugasa, Kenzo Kodaira, Hironobu Kohmura, Takayoshi Kubota, Kaori Maeda, Yoshitomo Maeno, Shouta Murakami, Hiroshi Murakami, Toshio Nakagawa, Yujin E. Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Nousek, John Okuno, Shin'ya Onda, Kaori Reeves, James N. Ricker, George Sato, Goro Sonoda, Eri Suzuki, Motoko Takahashi, Tadayuki Tamagawa, Toru Torii, Ken'ichi Ueda, Yoshihiro Urata, Yuji Yamaoka, Kazutaka Yamauchi, Makoto Yonetoku, Daisuke Yoshida, Atsumasa Yoshinari, Satoru TI The Suzaku-Swift joint observation of the early X-ray afterglow of GRB060105 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID BURST AFTERGLOWS; LIGHT CURVES AB Results are presented of a Suzaku and Swift joint observation for an early X-ray afterglow of GRB 060105. The bright, long gamma-ray burst GRB 060105 triggered the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) at 06:49:28 on 5 January 2006 (To). The Suzaku team commenced a pre-planned target of opportunity observation at 12:10 and continued till 12:00 on January 6. The X-ray flux faded during the observations from 6.8 x 10(-9) erg s(-1)cm(-2) to 1.5 x 10(-13) erg s(-1)cm(-2) in the 2-10 keV energy band. Following the prompt emission and successive "very steep decay", a "shallow decay" was observed from T-0 + 187 s to T-0 + 1287 s. After an observation gap during T-0 + (1.5 - 3) ks, an extremely early steep decay was observed in To + (4 - 30) ks. The steep decay exhibited decay indices of 2.3 - 2.4. This very early break, if it is a jet break, is the earliest case among X-ray afterglow observations, suggesting a very narrow jet whose opening angle is well below 1 degrees. C1 [Tashiro, Makoto S.; Abe, Keiichi; Onda, Kaori; Urata, Yuji] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura 3388570, Japan. [Angelini, Lorella; Barthelmy, Scott; Gehrels, Neil; Kaluzienski, Louis J.; Kelley, Richard L.; Reeves, James N.; Sato, Goro] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ishikawa, Nobuyuki; Nakagawa, Yujin E.; Yamaoka, Kazutaka; Yoshida, Atsumasa] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Kawai, Nobuyuki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kinugasa, Kenzo] Gunma Astronom Observ, Gunma 3770702, Japan. [Kodaira, Hironobu; Murakami, Toshio; Okuno, Shin'ya; Yonetoku, Daisuke; Yoshinari, Satoru] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Kohmura, Takayoshi] Kogakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920015, Japan. [Kubota, Kaori; Ueda, Yoshihiro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astrophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Maeda, Yoshitomo; Murakami, Hiroshi; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Sato, Goro; Takahashi, Tadayuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Maeno, Shouta; Sonoda, Eri; Yamauchi, Makoto] Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Nousek, John] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ricker, George] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Suzuki, Motoko; Tamagawa, Toru] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Torii, Ken'ichi] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Tashiro, MS (reprint author), Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura 3388570, Japan. EM tashiro@phy.saitama-u.ac.jp RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900003 ER PT J AU Gogus, E Woods, PM Kouveliotou, C Finger, M Patel, SK Swank, J AF Gogus, Ersin Woods, Peter. M. Kouveliotou, Chryssa Finger, Mark Patel, Sandeep K. Swank, Jean TI RXTE observations of soft gamma repeater bursts SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; X-RAY; SGR 1806-20; SGR-1900+14; FIELD AB The spectra of short soft gamma repeater (SCR) bursts at photon energies above similar to 15 keV are often well described by an optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung model (i.e., F(E) proportional to E-1 e((-E/kT))) with kT = 20 - 40 keV. However, the spectral shape burst continuum at lower photon energies (down to - 2 keV) is not well established. It is important to better understand the SCR burst spectral properties at lower energies since inadequate description of the burst spectral continuum could lead to incorrect conclusions, such as existence of spectral lines. Here, we present detailed spectral investigations (in 2-200 keV) of 163 bursts from SGR 1806-20, all detected with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer during the 2004 active episode that included the giant flare on 27 December 2004. We find that the great majority of burst spectra are well represented by the combination of a blackbody plus a OTTB models. C1 [Gogus, Ersin] Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Woods, Peter. M.] Dynet Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Kouveliotou, Chryssa] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Finger, Mark; Patel, Sandeep K.] NSSTC, USRA, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Swank, Jean] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gogus, E (reprint author), Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1143/PTPS.169.12 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900005 ER PT J AU Bautz, M Miller, E Arnaud, K Porter, S Hayashida, K Henry, P Hughes, JP Kawaharada, M Maklshima, K Sato, K Sanders, J Tamura, T AF Bautz, Mark Miller, Eric Arnaud, Keath Porter, Scott Hayashida, Kiyoshi Henry, Patrick Hughes, John P. Kawaharada, Madoka Maklshima, Kazuo Sato, Kosuke Sanders, Jeremy Tamura, Takayuki TI Suzaku observations of Abell 1795: Cluster emission to r(200) SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; NEARBY CLUSTERS; SAMPLE; MASS AB We report Suzaku observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 1795 that extend to r(200) approximate to 2 Mpc, the radius within which the mean cluster mass density is 200 times the cosmic critical density. These observations roughly double the maximum radius at which X-ray emission has been detected from this object. We extend the declining cluster temperature profile beyond the radial limits (r similar to 1 Mpc) of existing Chandra and XMM data. These observations demonstrate Suzaku's capability for spatially resolved spectroscopy at very low surface brightness levels. C1 [Bautz, Mark; Miller, Eric] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Arnaud, Keath; Porter, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hayashida, Kiyoshi] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Henry, Patrick] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kawaharada, Madoka; Maklshima, Kazuo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Sato, Kosuke] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Sanders, Jeremy] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Tamura, Takayuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Bautz, M (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Sanders, Jeremy/0000-0003-2189-4501 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900007 ER PT J AU Ota, N Fukazawa, Y Fabian, AC Kanemaru, T Kawaharada, M Kawano, N Kelley, RL Kitacuchi, T Makishima, K Matsusihita, K Murase, K Nakazawa, K Ohashi, T Sanders, JS Tamura, T Urata, Y AF Ota, Naomi Fukazawa, Yasushi Fabian, Andrew C. Kanemaru, Takehiro Kawaharada, Madoka Kawano, Naomi Kelley, Richard L. Kitacuchi, Takao Makishima, Kazuo Matsusihita, Kyoko Murase, Kouichi Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Ohashi, Takaya Sanders, Jeremy S. Tamura, Takayuki Urata, Yuji CA Suzaku Team TI Absence of bulk motions of the intracluster medium in the Centaurus cluster SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID SUZAKU AB We present results from the Suzaku observations of a nearby cluster, the Centaurus cluster (z = 0.0104). Three pointing observations of the cluster were carried out with the Suzaku XIS in December 2005, and the Doppler shift of the iron K lines was investigated in detail to constrain the bulk velocity of the intracluster medium (ICM) in its core region. From the spectral analysis, no significant velocity difference was detected within calibration uncertainty of +/- 700 kms(-1) over a spatial scale of 50 kpc in the central 240 kpc region. The 90% upper limit on the line-of-sight velocity is < 1400 km s(-1), giving a tighter constraint than the previous measurements. The significant velocity gradients inferred from the previous Chandra observations were not detected in two pairs of regions near the cluster core. These results suggest that the bulk velocity does not largely exceed the thermal velocity of the gas in the central region of the Centaurus cluster. Implications of the present results for the estimation of the cluster mass are discussed. C1 [Ota, Naomi; Makishima, Kazuo] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Fukazawa, Yasushi; Kanemaru, Takehiro; Kawano, Naomi] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Fabian, Andrew C.; Sanders, Jeremy S.] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Kanemaru, Takehiro; Matsusihita, Kyoko] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Kawaharada, Madoka; Kitacuchi, Takao; Makishima, Kazuo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kelley, Richard L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Murase, Kouichi; Urata, Yuji] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Tamura, Takayuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohashi, Takaya] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RP Ota, N (reprint author), RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM ota@crab.riken.jp RI Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; OI Sanders, Jeremy/0000-0003-2189-4501 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900008 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, R Mitsuda, K Mccammon, D Takei, Y Bauer, M Ishisaki, Y Porter, FS Yamaguchi, H Hayashida, K Yamasaki, NY AF Fujimoto, Ryuichi Mitsuda, Kazuhisa McCammon, Dan Takei, Yoh Bauer, Michael Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Porter, F. Scott Yamaguchi, Hiroya Hayashida, Kiyoshi Yamasaki, Noriko Y. TI Evidence for solar-wind charge-exchange X-ray emission from the Earth's magnetosheath SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID COMETS; SUZAKU AB During the Suzaku north ecliptic pole observation of 2005 September 2-4, a long-term enhancement was observed, and the C VI 4p to 1s transition line at 459 eV was apparently detected. The observed line intensity is comparable to that of the C VI 2p to 1s line at 367 eV. This is strong evidence for the charge-exchange process. In addition, O VII, O VIII, Ne X, and Mg XI lines showed clear enhancements. There are also features in the 750-900 eV range that could be due to some combination of Fe-L lines, higher order transitions of O VIII (3p to 1s and 6p to 18), and a Ne IX line. From the correlation of the X-ray intensity with solar-wind flux on time scales of about half a day, and from the short-term (similar to 10 minutes) variations of the X-ray intensity, these lines most likely arise from solar-wind heavy ions interacting with neutral material in the Earth's magnetosheath. C1 [Fujimoto, Ryuichi] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Takei, Yoh; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [McCammon, Dan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bauer, Michael] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ishisaki, Yoshitaka] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Porter, F. Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yamaguchi, Hiroya] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hayashida, Kiyoshi] Osaka Univ, Dept Astrophys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Fujimoto, R (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RI Yamasaki, Noriko/C-2252-2008; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa/C-2649-2008 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900019 ER PT J AU Branduardi-Raymont, G Bhardwaj, A Elsner, RF Gladstone, GR Ramsay, G Rodriguez, P Soria, R Waite, JH Cravens, TE AF Branduardi-Raymont, Grazillea Bhardwaj, Anil Elsner, Ronald F. Gladstone, G. Randall Ramsay, Gavin Rodriguez, Pedro Soria, Roberto Waite, J. Hunter, Jr. Cravens, Thomas E. TI Thermal and non-thermal components of the X-ray emission from Jupiter SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID XMM-NEWTON AB Recent XMM-Newton and Chandra observations have revealed that Jupiter's X-ray emission comprises both, thermal and non-thermal spectral components. While the emission from the low-latitude planetary disk has the properties of scattered solar X-rays, with a thermal spectrum and typical coronal emission lines, the auroral soft (< 2 keV) X-rays are thought to be produced by ion charge exchange; very recently, a higher energy auroral component has been revealed by XMM-Newton: this is attributed to energetic electron bremsstrahlung, is dominant above keV, and is variable, displaying both thermal and non-thermal characteristics. The disk and soft X-ray auroral components are separated spectroscopically in the high resolution data provided by the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer. Our results on the morphology, dynamics and energetics of the aurorae support current models developed to explain Jupiter's complex magnetosphere. C1 [Branduardi-Raymont, Grazillea; Ramsay, Gavin; Soria, Roberto] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Bhardwaj, Anil] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, SPL, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Elsner, Ronald F.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Gladstone, G. Randall] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Rodriguez, Pedro] XMM Newton SOC, Madrid 28080, Spain. [Soria, Roberto] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Waite, J. Hunter, Jr.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cravens, Thomas E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Branduardi-Raymont, G (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. OI Bhardwaj, Anil/0000-0003-1693-453X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900020 ER PT J AU Ueno, M Kataoka, J Harrus, I Petre, R Sato, R AF Ueno, Masaru Kataoka, Jun Harrus, Ilana Petre, Robert Sato, Rie CA Suzaku RCW 86 Team TI A Suzaku observation of the low-ionization Fe-line emission from RCW 86 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT RCW-86; SHOCK ACCELERATION; ELECTRONS; TAIL AB The newly operational X-ray satellite Suzaku observed the southwestern quadrant of the supernova remnant (SNR) RCW 86 in February 2006 to study the nature of the 6.4 keV emission line. The new data localize it for the first time; most of the line emission is adjacent and interior to the forward shock and not at the locus of the continuum hard emission. We also report the first detection of a 7.1 keV line that we interpret as the K,3 emission from low-ionization iron. The Fe-K line features are consistent with a non-equilibrium plasma of Fe-rich ejecta with n(e)t > 10(9) cm(-3) s and kT(e) similar to 5 keV. This combination of low n(e)t and high kT(e) suggests collisionless electron heating in an SNR shock. The Fe K alpha line shows evidence for intrinsic broadening, with a width of 47 (34-59) eV (99% error region). The difference of the spatial distributions of the hard continuum above 3 keV and the Fe-K line emission support a synchrotron origin for the hard continuum. C1 [Ueno, Masaru; Kataoka, Jun; Sato, Rie] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. [Harrus, Ilana] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Harrus, Ilana; Petre, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ueno, M (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900022 ER PT J AU Hwang, U Petre, R Flanagan, KA AF Hwang, Una Petre, Robert Flanagan, Kathryn A. TI X-ray spectral imaging of Puppis A with Suzaku SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci AB We report the detection of X-ray emitting ejecta in the middle-aged Galactic supernova remnant Puppis A from an imaging and spectral survey with the Suzaku Observatory. Energy-selected images from five observations covering the eastern and middle portions of the remnant reveal a region inside the northern apex that is very highly enriched in Si. Regions with lesser enhancements of other elements such as O, Ne, and Mg are also seen, and confirmed by the spectra. The location of the large Si clump is radially outside that of X-ray emitting O ejecta relative to the expansion center, indicating that the explosively synthesized Si ejecta were mixed with and propelled beyond hydrostatically synthesized O ejecta. There appears to be little spatial correlation between the compact ejecta knots seen in O emission in the optical and the large-scale ejecta enhancements seen in X-rays by Suzaku. C1 [Hwang, Una] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hwang, Una; Petre, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Flanagan, Kathryn A.] Harvard Univ, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hwang, U (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 88 EP 91 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900023 ER PT J AU Miyata, E Hughes, JP Kokubun, M Porter, FS Masai, K AF Miyata, Emi Hughes, John P. Kokubun, Motohide Porter, F. Scott Masai, Kuniaki CA Suzaku Team TI Suzaku observation of the CNO emission lines from the Cygnus Loop SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SUPERNOVA REMNANT AB We present the result of the Suzaku observation at the northeastern limb of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant. The high detection efficiency together with the high spectral resolution of the Suzaku X-ray CCD camera enables us to detect highly-ionized C and N emission lines from the Cygnus Loop for the first time. Since there is a significant plasma structure over the field of view, we selected the softest region based on the ROSAT observation. The data are well characterized by a two-component non-equilibrium ionization model with different values of electron temperature. Abundances of C to Fe are all depleted to typically 0.3 solar except O. We found that the optical depth effect for resonance lines for O plays an important role in the X-ray emission of the Cygnus Loop. C1 [Miyata, Emi] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kokubun, Motohide] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Porter, F. Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Masai, Kuniaki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RP Miyata, E (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 92 EP 96 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900024 ER PT J AU Bamba, A Yamaguchi, H Koyama, K Hiraga, JS Holt, S Hughes, JP Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kitamoto, S Kokubun, M Matumoto, H Miyata, E Mori, K Nakajima, H Ozaki, M Petre, R Sekiguchi, A Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Terada, Y Tomida, H Tsunemi, H Tsub, Y Tsujimoto, M Uchiyama, Y Ueno, M Watanabe, S AF Bamba, Aya Yamaguchi, Hiroya Koyama, Katsuji Hiraga, Junko S. Holt, Steve Hughes, John P. Katagiri, Hideaki Kataoka, Jun Kitamoto, Shunji Kokubun, Motohide Matumoto, Hironori Miyata, Emi Mori, Koji Nakajima, Hiroshi Ozaki, Masanobu Petre, Robert Sekiguchi, Akiko Takahashi, Tadayuki Tanaka, Takaaki Terada, Yukikatsu Tomida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Tsub, Yohko Tsujimoto, Masahiro Uchiyama, Yasunobu Ueno, Masaru Watanabe, Shin TI Millenium study of SN 1006 with suzaku SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID COSMIC-RAY ACCELERATION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANT; SHOCK ACCELERATION; EMISSION AB SN 1006 is the milestone of understanding the acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays, and this year is the millennium year for the remnant. We carried out SN 1006 mapping observations with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers (XIS) onboard Suzaku satellite. Thanks to the excellent spectral response of XIS, K emission lines from highly ionized oxygen were clearly resolved. The intensity maps of these lines have been made additional to the intensity and photon index maps of the nonthermal component. We discovered that regions with strong and hard nonthermal component has weak thermal emission. The north rim of the SNR has the hardest nonthermal component. These facts might have information of efficient cosmic ray acceleration and background plasma. C1 [Bamba, Aya; Hiraga, Junko S.; Terada, Yukikatsu] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Grp, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Koyama, Katsuji; Matumoto, Hironori; Nakajima, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Holt, Steve] Franklin W Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Katagiri, Hideaki] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kataoka, Jun; Ueno, Masaru] Tokyo Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kitamoto, Shunji; Sekiguchi, Akiko; Tsujimoto, Masahiro] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. [Kokubun, Motohide] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Miyata, Emi; Tsunemi, Hiroshi] Osaka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astrophys, Toyonako 5600043, Japan. [Mori, Koji] Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8992192, Japan. [Ozaki, Masanobu; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Watanabe, Shin] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Petre, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tomida, Hiroshi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Tsub, Yohko] Chuo Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128551, Japan. RP Bamba, A (reprint author), RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Grp, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RI Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900034 ER PT J AU Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Uchiyama, Y Hiraga, JS Nakazawa, K Watanabe, S Bamba, A Hughes, JP Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kokubun, M Koyama, K Mopa, K Petre, R Takahashi, H Tsub, Y AF Takahashi, Tadayuki Tanaka, Takaaki Uchiyama, Yasunobu Hiraga, Junko S. Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Shin Bamba, Aya Hughes, John P. Katagiri, Hideaki Kataoka, Jun Kokubun, Motohide Koyama, Katsuji Mopa, Koji Petre, Robert Takahashi, Hiromitsu Tsub, Yoko TI Suzaku observation of TeV SNR RX J1713.7-3946 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID X-RAY-DETECTOR; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; RX J1713.7-3946; BOARD SUZAKU; SHELL; ACCELERATION; EMISSION AB We report on results from Suzaku broadband X-ray observations of the Galactic supernova, remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 with an energy coverage of 0.4-40 keV. With a sensitive hard X-ray measurement from the HXD PIN on board Suzaku, we determine the hard X-ray spectrum in the 12-40 keV range to be described by a power law with photon index Gamma = 3.2 +/- 0.2, significantly steeper than the soft X-ray index of Gamma = 2.4 +/- 0.05 measured previously with ASCA and other missions. We find that a simple power law fails to describe the full spectral range of 0.4-40 keV and instead a cutoff power law with bard index Gamma = 1.96 +/- 0.05 and high energy cutoff epsilon(c) = 9 +/- 1 keV provides an excellerit fit over the full bandpass. C1 [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Watanabe, Shin; Kokubun, Motohide] JAXA, ISAS, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Tanaka, Takaaki] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hiraga, Junko S.; Bamba, Aya] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Katagiri, Hideaki] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kataoka, Jun] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Koyama, Katsuji] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Mopa, Koji] Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Petre, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tsub, Yoko] Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 112855, Japan. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), JAXA, ISAS, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900037 ER PT J AU Hamaguchi, K AF Hamaguchi, Kenji CA Suzaku n Carinae Team Carinae D-1 Team TI Diffuse X-ray emission from the Carina Nebula observed with Suzaku SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID ETA-CARINAE AB A number of giant HII regions are associated with soft diffuse X-ray emission. Among these, the Carina Nebula possesses the brightest soft diffuse emission. The required plasma temperature and thermal energy can be produced by collisions or termination of fast winds from main-sequence or embedded young O stars, but the extended emission is often observed from regions apart from massive stellar clusters. The origin of the X-ray emission is unknown. The XIS CCD camera onboard Suzaku has the best spectral resolution for extended soft sources so far, and is therefore capable of measuring key emission lines in the soft band. Suzaku observed the core and the eastern side of the Carina Nebula (Car-D1) in 2005 Aug. and 2006 June, respectively. Spectra of the south part of the core and Car-D1 similarly showed strong L-shell lines of iron ions and K-shell lines of silicon ions, while in the north of the core these lines were much weaker. Fitting the spectra with an absorbed thin-thermal plasma model showed kT similar to 0.2. 0.6 keV and NH similar to 1 - 2 x 10(21) cm(-2) with a factor of 2-3 abundance variation in oxygen, magnesium, silicon and iron. The plasma might originate from an old supernova, or a super shell of multiple supernovae. C1 [Hamaguchi, Kenji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hamaguchi, Kenji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hamaguchi, Kenji] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Hamaguchi, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 174 EP 177 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900041 ER PT J AU Ishida, M Okada, S Nakamura, R Terada, Y Hayashi, T Mukai, K Hamaguchi, K AF Ishida, Manabu Okada, Shunsaku Nakamura, Ryoko Terada, Yukikatsu Hayashi, Takayuki Mukai, Koji Hamaguchi, Kenji TI Suzaku observations of the dwarf nova SS Cyg in quiescence and outburst SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID X-RAY; ACCRETION MODEL AB We present the results from the Suzaku observations of SS Cyg in quiescence and outburst carried out in November, 2005. Owing to an excellent energy-resolving power of the XIS, we resolved the 6.4 keV iron K alpha line into a narrow component and a broad tail in quiescence, which probably originate from the white dwarf and inner accretion disk, respectively. The 6.4 keV line in outburst is dominated by an extremely broad component. These 6.4 keV line features are first recognized by Suzaku this time. Using the iron abundance of 0.30 +/- 0.03Z(circle dot) obtained from our analysis of the outburst spectra, we set the upper limit of the radial extent of the BL to be < 0.15R(WD) in quiescence. C1 [Ishida, Manabu; Okada, Shunsaku; Nakamura, Ryoko] ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Terada, Yukikatsu] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Hayashi, Takayuki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Mukai, Koji; Hamaguchi, Kenji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ishida, M (reprint author), ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RI Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900042 ER PT J AU Mukai, K Zietsman, E Still, M AF Mukai, Koji Zietsman, Ewald Still, Martin TI The X-ray properties of the dwarf nova V893 scorpii SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID CLASSICAL NOVAE; POPULATION; ASCA AB V893 Sco is an eclipsing dwarf nova that had attracted little attention from X-ray astronomers until it was proposed as the identification of an RXTE all-sky slew survey (XSS) source. Here we report on the first ever pointed X-ray observation of this object using Suzaku. We confirm V893 Sco to be an X-ray bright dwarf nova, although the flux we measure is 30% less than the XSS flux. We then consider the reliability of the X-ray luminosity function of dwarf novae inferred from the XSS. Finally, we analyze the X-ray light curve of V893 Sco and show that it has a partial X-ray eclipse. C1 [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zietsman, Ewald] Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Still, Martin] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Mukai, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900043 ER PT J AU Corbet, R Markwardt, C Barbier, L Barthelmy, S Cummings, J Gehrels, N Krimm, H Palmer, D Sakamoto, T Sato, G Tueller, J AF Corbet, Robin Markwardt, Craig Barbier, Louis Barthelmy, Scott Cummings, Jay Gehrels, Neil Krimm, Hans Palmer, David Sakamoto, Takanori Sato, Goro Tueller, Jack CA Swift BAT Survey Team TI Periodicities in X-ray binaries from Swift/BAT observations SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID 4U-2206+54; PERIOD; BAT AB The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board Swift has accumulated extensive light curves for 265 sources (not including GRBs) in the energy range 14 to 200 keV. We present here a summary of searches for periodic modulation in the flux from X-ray binaries. Our results include: determination of the orbital periods of IGR J16418-4532 and IGR J16320-4751; the disappearance of a previously known 9.6 day period in 4U 2206+54; the detection of a 5 hour period in the symbiotic X-ray binary 4U 1954+31, which might be the slowest neutron star rotation period yet discovered; and the detection of flares in the supergiant system 1E 1145.1-6141 which occur at both periastron and apastron passage with nearly equal amplitude. We compare techniques of weighting data points in power spectra and present a method related to the semi-weighted mean which, unlike conventional weighting, works well over a wide range of source brightness. C1 [Corbet, Robin; Markwardt, Craig; Barbier, Louis; Barthelmy, Scott; Cummings, Jay; Gehrels, Neil; Krimm, Hans; Sakamoto, Takanori; Sato, Goro; Tueller, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corbet, Robin; Krimm, Hans] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Markwardt, Craig] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cummings, Jay; Sakamoto, Takanori] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Palmer, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sato, Goro] ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Corbet, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 200 EP 203 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900047 ER PT J AU Kubota, A Dotani, T Cottam, J Kotani, T Done, C Ueda, Y Fabian, AC Yasuda, T Takahashi, H Fukazawa, Y Yamaoka, K Makishima, K Yamada, S Kohmura, T Angelini, L AF Kubota, Aya Dotani, Tadayasu Cottam, Jean Kotani, Taro Done, Chris Ueda, Yoshihiro Fabian, Andy C. Yasuda, Tomonori Takahashi, Hiromitsu Fukazawa, Yasushi Yamaoka, Kazutaka Makishima, Kazuo Yamada, Shinya Kohmura, Takayoshi Angelini, Lorella CA Suzaku Team TI Suzaku discovery of absorption lines from the black hole transient 4U1630-472 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID SOURCE GRO J1655-40; RAY BINARY GX-13+1; X-RAY; BOARD SUZAKU; XMM-NEWTON; FEATURES; SPECTRA; ACCRETION; OUTBURST; DETECTOR AB We present the results of six Suzaku observations of the recurrent black hole transient 4U 1630-472 during its decline from its most recent outburst in 2006. All observations show the typical high/soft state spectral shape in the 2-50 keV band, roughly described by an optically thick disk spectrum in the soft energy band plus a weak power-law tail. The disk temperature decreases from 1.4 keV to 1.2 keV as the flux decreases by a factor 2, consistent with a constant radius as expected for disk-dominated spectra. All the observations reveal significant absorption lines from highly ionized (H-like and He-like) iron K alpha at 7.0 keV and 6.7 keV. The energies of these absorption lines suggest a blue shift with an outflow velocity of similar to 1000 km s(-1). The H-like iron K alpha equivalent width remains approximately constant at similar to 30 eV over all the observations, while that of the He-like K alpha line increases from 7 eV to 20 eV. Thus the ionization state of the material decreases, as expected from the decline in flux. The data constrain the velocity dispersion of the absorber to 200-2000 km s(-1) and the size of the plasma as similar to 10(10) cm assuming a source distance of 10 kpc. C1 [Kubota, Aya; Makishima, Kazuo] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Dotani, Tadayasu; Done, Chris] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Cottam, Jean; Angelini, Lorella] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Univ Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Done, Chris] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Kotani, Taro] Tokyo Tech, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Ueda, Yoshihiro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Fabian, Andy C.] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Yasuda, Tomonori; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Fukazawa, Yasushi] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Yamaoka, Kazutaka] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Makishima, Kazuo; Yamada, Shinya] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kohmura, Takayoshi] Kogakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920015, Japan. RP Kubota, A (reprint author), Shibaura Inst Technol, Minuma Ku, 307 Ohji Fukasaku, Saitama 3378570, Japan. EM aya@shibaura-it.ac.jp RI done, chris/D-4605-2016 OI done, chris/0000-0002-1065-7239 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900052 ER PT J AU Mizuno, T Miyawaki, R Ebisawa, K Kubota, A Miyamoto, M Winter, L Ueda, Y Isobe, N Makishima, K AF Mizuno, Tsunefumi Miyawaki, Ryohei Ebisawa, Ken Kubota, Aya Miyamoto, Masao Winter, Lisa Ueda, Yoshihiro Isobe, Naoki Makishima, Kazuo CA NGC 1313 Team TI Suzaku observation of two ultralurninous X-ray sources in NGC1313 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; HIGH STATE; ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK-HOLES; VARIABILITY; NGC-1313; SPECTRA AB We report about the Suzaku observation of two ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), X-1 and X-2, in NGC1313, together with their spectra by XMM-Newton. During the observation, both showed intensity-correlated spectral changes. The brighter source, X-1, exhibited the highest luminosity (similar to 3 x 10(40) erg s(-1)) ever recorded from this source. Its spectral variation is ascribed to a strong power-law like component with a mild high energy curvature, while about 10% of the flux is carried by a stable soft component modeled by a cool disk emission. These properties suggest that the source was in the "very high" state, wherein the disk emission is strongly Comptonized and the optically-thick disk is truncated at a large radii or cooled off. The spectrum of X-2 is best represented, in its fainter phase, by a multicolor disk model with the innermost disk temperature of 1.2-1.3 keV, and becomes flatter as the source gets brighter. Hence X-2 is interpreted to be in a slim disk state. These results suggest that the two ULXs host black holes of a few tens to a few hundreds solar masses. C1 [Mizuno, Tsunefumi] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Miyawaki, Ryohei; Makishima, Kazuo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ebisawa, Ken] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kubota, Aya; Isobe, Naoki] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Miyamoto, Masao] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Winter, Lisa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Expolrat Univ Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ueda, Yoshihiro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Mizuno, T (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. OI Winter, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-020X NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900053 ER PT J AU Reeves, J AF Reeves, James TI An overview of Suzaku results on AGN SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ALPHA PROFILE; BLACK-HOLE; NGC-3516; REFLECTION; EMISSION AB Initial results on several AGN observed as part of the Suzaku Guaranteed time program are reviewed. This paper discusses a small sample of 7 Compton-thin Seyferts observed to date with Suzaku. The broad iron K alpha emission line appears to be present in all but one of these Seyfert galaxies, while the narrow core of the line from distant matter is ubiquitous in all the observations. The iron line in MCG-6-30-15 appears to show the most extreme relativistic blurring of all the objects, the red-wing of the line can require the inner accretion disk to extend inwards to within 2.2R(g) of the black hole. Strong excess emission in the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) above 10 keV is observed in many of these Seyfert galaxies, consistent with the presence of a reflection component from reprocessing in Compton-thick matter (e.g. the accretion disk). Only one Seyfert galaxy (NGC 2110) shows neither a broad iron line nor a reflection component and can be fitted with a partial covering absorption model. The spectral variability of MCG-6-30-15, MCG-5-23-16 and NGC 4051 is also discussed. In all 3 cases, the spectra appear harder when the source is fainter, while there is little variability of the iron line or reflection component with source flux. This agrees with a simple two component spectral model, whereby the variable emission is the primary power-law, while the iron line and reflection component remain relatively constant. C1 [Reeves, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reeves, James] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Reeves, James] Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Reeves, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 234 EP 239 PG 6 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900054 ER PT J AU Ptak, A Yaqoob, T Murphy, K AF Ptak, Andrew Yaqoob, Tahir Murphy, Kendra CA Suzaku Ngc 2992 Team TI Precision Fe Kalpha and Fe Kbeta line Spectroscopy of the Seyfert 1.9 galaxy NGC 2992 with Suzaku SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ASCA OBSERVATIONS; K-LINES; IRON AB We present detailed time-averaged X-ray spectroscopy of the Seyfert 1.9 galaxy NCC 2992 with the XIS. The XIS spectrum of NGC 2992 can be described by several components. There is a primary continuum that is obscured by a Compton-thin absorber with a column density of 8.0(-0.5)(+0.6) x 10(21) cm(-2). There is another, weaker, unabsorbed power-law component that is likely to be due to the primary continuum being electron-scattered into our line-ofsight by a region extended on a scale of hundreds of parsecs. We measure the Thomson depth of the scattering zone to be tau(es) = 0.072 +/- 0.021. There is also optically-thin thermal emission with a temperature of kT = 0.656(-0.061)(+0.088) keV. We detect an Fe K emission complex which we model with broad and narrow lines and we show that the intensities of the two components are decoupled at a condence level > 3 sigma. We also detect the Fe-K beta line (corresponding to the narrow Fe-K alpha line) with a high signal-to-noise ratio and describe a new robust method to constrain the ionization state of Fe responsible for the Fe-K alpha and Fe-K beta lines that rules out states higher than Fe VII. C1 [Ptak, Andrew; Yaqoob, Tahir; Murphy, Kendra] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Yaqoob, Tahir; Murphy, Kendra] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ptak, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 252 EP 255 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900058 ER PT J AU Miniutti, G Fabian, AC Crummy, J Larsson, J Anabuki, N Fukazawa, Y Gallo, LC Haba, Y Hayashida, K Holt, S Kunieda, H Makowitz, A Matsumoto, C Ohno, M Reeves, JN Takahashi, T Tanaka, Y Terashima, Y Torii, K Ueda, Y Ushio, M Watanabe, S Yamauchi, M Yaqoob, T AF Miniutti, Giovanni Fabian, Andrew C. Crummy, Jamie Larsson, Josefin Anabuki, Naohisa Fukazawa, Yasushi Gallo, Luigi C. Haba, Yoshito Hayashida, Kiyoshi Holt, Steve Kunieda, Hideyo Makowitz, Alex Matsumoto, Chiho Ohno, Masanori Reeves, James N. Takahashi, Tadayuki Tanaka, Yasuo Terashima, Yuichi Torii, Ken'ichi Ueda, Yoshihiro Ushio, Masayoshi Watanabe, Shin Yamauchi, Makoto Yaqoob, Tahir TI The long Suzaku observation of MCG-6-30-15 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID GALAXY MCG-6-30-15; BLACK-HOLE; IRON LINE; EMISSION; HARD; BROAD AB We report results from a long observation of MCG-6-30-15 with Suzaku. Thanks to its unprecedented sensitivity in the hard band, we could, for the first time, investigate the hard X-ray variability of the source. The variability in the HXD/PIN 14-45 keV band (dominated by a strong reflection hump) is suppressed relative to that at a few keV. This directly demonstrates that the whole reflection spectrum is much less variable than the power-law continuum. The broadband spectral variability can be decomposed into two components - a highly variable power-law and constant reflection - as previously inferred from other observations in the 2-10 keV band. The strong reflection and high iron abundance give rise to a strong broad iron line, which requires the inner disc radius to be at about 2 gravitational radii, confirming that MCG-6-30-15 most likely harbours a rapidly spinning Kerr black hole. C1 [Miniutti, Giovanni; Fabian, Andrew C.; Crummy, Jamie; Larsson, Josefin] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Crummy, Jamie] SISSA ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Anabuki, Naohisa; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Torii, Ken'ichi] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Fukazawa, Yasushi; Ohno, Masanori] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gallo, Luigi C.] Univ St Andrews, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Haba, Yoshito] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Holt, Steve] FW Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA. [Kunieda, Hideyo; Matsumoto, Chiho] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Makowitz, Alex; Reeves, James N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reeves, James N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Terashima, Yuichi; Ushio, Masayoshi; Watanabe, Shin] JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Tanaka, Yasuo] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. [Terashima, Yuichi] Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Ueda, Yoshihiro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Yamauchi, Makoto] Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RP Miniutti, G (reprint author), Inst Astron, Madingley Ed, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM miniutti@ast.cam.ac.uk RI Miniutti, Giovanni/L-2721-2014 OI Miniutti, Giovanni/0000-0003-0707-4531 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 260 EP 264 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900060 ER PT J AU Hayashda, K Anabuki, N Gallo, L Iwasawa, K Tanaka, Y Miniutti, G Fabian, AC Reeves, JN Yaqoob, T Okajima, T Matsumoto, C Haba, Y Terashima, Y Kubota, A Ueda, Y AF Hayashda, Kiyoshi Anabuki, Naohisa Gallo, Luigi Iwasawa, Kazushi Tanaka, Yasuo Miniutti, Giovanni Fabian, Andy C. Reeves, James N. Yaqoob, Tahir Okajima, Takashi Matsumoto, Chiho Haba, Yoshito Terashima, Yuichi Kubota, Aya Ueda, Yoshihiro CA Suzaku Team TI Suzaku observation of 1H0707-495: Puzzling spectral drop around 7 keV SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID LINE SEYFERT-1 GALAXY-1H-0707-495 AB Suzaku observation of the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H0707-495 reveals a spectral drop around 7.3 keV, deepest ever observed. We propose a new model for the spectral drop in which absorption in corona is considered, alternative to the previously proposed partial covering model or the relativistically blurred disk line model. C1 [Hayashda, Kiyoshi; Anabuki, Naohisa] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Gallo, Luigi; Iwasawa, Kazushi; Tanaka, Yasuo] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. [Miniutti, Giovanni; Fabian, Andy C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Reeves, James N.; Yaqoob, Tahir; Okajima, Takashi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Univ Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Haba, Yoshito] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Terashima, Yuichi] Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Kubota, Aya] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Ueda, Yoshihiro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Hayashda, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RI Miniutti, Giovanni/L-2721-2014 OI Miniutti, Giovanni/0000-0003-0707-4531 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900062 ER PT J AU Markowitz, A AF Markowitz, Alex CA Suzaku Cen A Team TI The Suzaku observation of the nucleus of the radio loud active galaxy Centaurus A SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID X-RAY; METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION; HALO STARS; NGC 5128; NGC-5128; EMISSION; LINES; FIELD AB A Suzaku observation of the nucleus of the radio-loud AGN Centaurus A in 2005 has yielded a broadband spectrum spanning 0.3 to 250 keV. The hard X-rays are fit by two power laws. absorbed by columns of 1.5 and 7 x 10(23) cm(-2) respectively. The spectrum consistent with previous suggestions that the power-law components are X-ray emission from the sub-pc VLBI jet and from Bondi accretion at the core, or are consistent with a partial covering interpretation. The soft band is dominated by thermal emission from the diffuse plasma and is fit well by a two-temperature collisional ionization emission model, plus a third power-law component to account for scattered nuclear emission, kpc-scale jet emission, and emission from X-ray Binaries and other point sources. Narrow fluorescent emission lines from Fe, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Ni are detected. The width of the Fe K alpha line yields a 200 light-day lower limit on the distance from the black hole to the line-emitting gas. K-shell absorption edges due to Fe. Ca, and S are detected. The high metallicity ([Fe/H] = +0.1) of the circumnuclear material suggests that the accreting material could not have originated in the metal-poor outer halo unless enrichment by local star formation has occurred. Relative element abundances are consistent with enrichment due to local star formation processes. C1 [Markowitz, Alex] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys LAb, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Markowitz, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys LAb, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900064 ER PT J AU Ueda, Y Ecuchi, S Terashima, Y Mushotzky, R Tueller, J Markwardt, C Gehrels, N AF Ueda, Yoshihiro Ecuchi, Satoshi Terashima, Yuichi Mushotzky, Richard Tueller, Jack Markwardt, Craig Gehrels, Neil TI Suzaku observations of active galactic nuclei detected in the Swift/BAT survey SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID X-RAY; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; AGN; OBSCURATION; ABSORPTION AB We present the first results of Suzaku follow-up of new AGNs detected in the Swift/BAT survey. The Suzaku spectra of Swift J0601.9-8636 and Swift J0138.6-4001 reveal a heavily absorbed power law component with a column density of N-H similar or equal to 10(23.5-24) cm(-2) that dominates above 10 keV, and an intense reflection component with a solid angle greater than or similar to 2 pi from a cold, optically thick medium. We find that these AGNs have an extremely small fraction of scattered light from the nucleus (less than or similar to 0.5%) with respect to the intrinsic power law component. This indicates that they are buried in a very geometrically-thick torus with a small opening angle and/or have unusually small amount of gas responsible for scattering. Our results imply that there must be a significant number of yet unrecognized, very Compton thick AGNs in the local universe, which are difficult to detect even in the currently most sensitive optical or hard X-ray surveys. C1 [Ueda, Yoshihiro; Ecuchi, Satoshi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Terashima, Yuichi] Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Mushotzky, Richard; Tueller, Jack; Markwardt, Craig; Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ueda, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900068 ER PT J AU Diehl, R Roques, JP Knolseder, J Strong, AW Beckmann, V AF Diehl, Roland Roques, Jean-Pierre Knolseder, Jurgen Strong, Andrew W. Beckmann, Volker TI INTEGRAL science results and connections to Suzaku SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID HARD X-RAY; GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; ANNIHILATION EMISSION; MILKY-WAY; PLANE; SPI; ORIGIN; GALAXY AB INTEGRAL has now completed 4 years of successful operations, producing new results on nucleosynthesis sources, on accreting binaries in the Galaxy, and on sources of high-energy emission where matter in the line of sight absorbs lower-energy emission. The measurements of continuum emission along the Galactic ridge illustrate the importance of a broader bandwidth for such high-energy astronomy, extending well beyond the thermal regime above 100 keV. Known X-ray sources with their spectra declining towards higher energies do not play a role for emission above 100 keV. Yet, unresolved emission from the Galactic ridge remains, even if underlying emission from positron annihilation is accounted for. INTEGRAL observations found embedded high-energy sources in the Galaxy, through more-penetrating emission above similar or equal to 20 keV. Emission from active galaxies, which has been shown to dominate the cosmic-diffuse background < 20 keV, is poorly measured above this energy, and among INTEGRAL's main targets. We discuss these findings and their connections to Suzaku, but also INTEGRAL's science results on nucleosynthesis sources and positron annihilation in the Galaxy, which only become accessible with such dedicated MeV-gamma-ray instrumentation. C1 [Diehl, Roland; Strong, Andrew W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Roques, Jean-Pierre; Knolseder, Jurgen] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Beckmann, Volker] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Chavannes Des Bois, Switzerland. [Beckmann, Volker] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Diehl, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900069 ER PT J AU Terada, Y Bamba, A Hiraga, JS Isobe, N Kubota, A Ota, N Ranalli, P Senda, A Suzuki, M Tamagawa, T Urata, Y Ozaki, M Ebisawa, K Ishisaki, Y Matsumoto, H Yamagishi, I Tamura, T Mukai, K Angellini, L Hamaguchi, K AF Terada, Yukikatsu Bamba, Aya Hiraga, Junko S. Isobe, Naoki Kubota, Aya Ota, Naomi Ranalli, Piero Senda, Atsushi Suzuki, Motoko Tamagawa, Toru Urata, Yuji Ozaki, Masanobu Ebisawa, Ken Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Matsumoto, Hironori Yamagishi, Izumi Tamura, Takayuki Mukai, Koji Angellini, Lorella Hamaguchi, Kenji CA Suzaku Processing Members TI The 7-steps of the data analysis SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID RAY-DETECTOR HXD; BOARD SUZAKU AB It may seem to be difficult to analyze the Suzaku data, but the data structure and the tools are rather simple. We have constructed the way to process Suzaku FITS data and ftools for over ten years. We have prepared three kinds of manuals to analyze the data; Seven step manual of the XIS and the HXD for beginners, first step manual to walk through the analyses, and the ABC guide as a full manual. In the actual analyses, we have to be careful about events in operation and the limitations in the calibration of instruments. In this paper, the data structure, tools, and manuals with activities of help desks, current status of processing are summarized. C1 [Terada, Yukikatsu; Bamba, Aya; Hiraga, Junko S.; Isobe, Naoki; Kubota, Aya; Ota, Naomi; Ranalli, Piero; Senda, Atsushi; Suzuki, Motoko; Tamagawa, Toru] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Urata, Yuji] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Ozaki, Masanobu; Ebisawa, Ken; Tamura, Takayuki] JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ishisaki, Yoshitaka] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Matsumoto, Hironori] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Mukai, Koji; Angellini, Lorella] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Terada, Y (reprint author), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM terada@riken.jp RI Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Ranalli, Piero/K-6363-2013 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; Ranalli, Piero/0000-0003-3956-755X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 312 EP 315 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900071 ER PT J AU Maeda, Y Ebara, M Fujimoto, R Hayashi, T Inoue, H Ishsaki, Y Mori, H Okada, S Suzuki, K Uchiyama, Y Serlemttsos, PJ Soonc, Y Chan, KW Okajima, T Lehan, JP Itoh, K Itoh, A Yokoyama, Y Itoh, Y Nakamura, R Ishida, M Hayakawa, A Inoue, C Okuma, S Kubota, R Suzuki, M Osawa, T Yamashita, K Kunieda, H Tawara, Y Ogasaka, Y Furuzawa, A Tamura, K Shibata, R Haba, Y Naitou, M Misaki, K Iizuka, R AF Maeda, Yoshitomo Ebara, Masatoshi Fujimoto, Ryuichi Hayashi, Takayuki Inoue, Hirohiko Ishsaki, Yoshitaka Mori, Hideyuki Okada, Shunsaku Suzuki, Kensuke Uchiyama, Yasunobu Serlemttsos, Peter J. Soonc, Yang Chan, Kai-Wing Okajima, Takashi Lehan, John P. Itoh, Kei Itoh, Akiharu Yokoyama, Yushi Itoh, Yumi Nakamura, Ryoko Ishida, Manabu Hayakawa, Akira Inoue, Chiaki Okuma, Satoshi Kubota, Ren Suzuki, Masaki Osawa, Takeyuki Yamashita, Koujun Kunieda, Hideyo Tawara, Yuzuru Ogasaka, Yasushi Furuzawa, Akihiro Tamura, Keisuke Shibata, Ryo Haba, Yoshito Naitou, Masataka Misaki, Kazutami Iizuka, Ryo TI On-orbit performance of the X-ray telescopes and thermal wobbling of the Suzaku satellite SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci AB We present the in-flight performance of the X-ray telescopes (XRTs) onboard Suzaku. The imaging capability is significantly improved over the ASCA XRT, which had half-power diameters of 3'.6, to 1'.8-2'.3 for all four XRT-I modules. Contemporaneous fits of a power law to all the XIS spectra of the Crab Nebula taken at the two standard observing positions (XIS/HXD-default positions) gives a flux consistent with that obtained by Toor & Seward (1974) to within similar to 2%. The pre-collimator on the top of each XRT module successfully reduces the intensity of the stray light from the 20' and 50'-off directions down to the level of pre-flight expectations. We also present the thermal wobbling of the satellite. The wobbling causes the alignment error between the XRT-XIS system and the attitude and orbit control system. The wobbling of the alignment is as large as similar to larcmin. In the currently processed data, the absolute coordinate also has systematic uncertainty of up to similar to larcmin. C1 [Maeda, Yoshitomo; Ebara, Masatoshi; Fujimoto, Ryuichi; Inoue, Hirohiko; Okada, Shunsaku; Suzuki, Kensuke; Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Itoh, Kei; Itoh, Akiharu; Yokoyama, Yushi; Itoh, Yumi; Nakamura, Ryoko; Ishida, Manabu] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Div High Energy Astrophys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Hayashi, Takayuki; Ishsaki, Yoshitaka; Hayakawa, Akira; Inoue, Chiaki; Okuma, Satoshi; Kubota, Ren; Suzuki, Masaki; Osawa, Takeyuki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Mori, Hideyuki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Serlemttsos, Peter J.; Soonc, Yang; Chan, Kai-Wing; Okajima, Takashi; Lehan, John P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yamashita, Koujun; Kunieda, Hideyo; Tawara, Yuzuru; Ogasaka, Yasushi; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Tamura, Keisuke; Shibata, Ryo; Haba, Yoshito; Naitou, Masataka] Nagoya Univ, Dept Particle & Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Misaki, Kazutami] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Iizuka, Ryo] Nishi Harima Astron Observ, Hyogo 6795313, Japan. RP Maeda, Y (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Div High Energy Astrophys, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 322 EP 325 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900073 ER PT B AU Pierson, DL Mehta, SK Stowe, RP AF Pierson, Duane L. Mehta, Satish K. Stowe, Raymond P. BE Ader, R TI Reactivation of Latent Herpes Viruses in Astronauts SO PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY, VOLS I AND II, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; SHORT-TERM SPACEFLIGHT; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; MARITAL CONFLICT; T-CELLS; SUBCLINICAL REACTIVATION; SALIVARY CORTISOL C1 [Pierson, Duane L.; Mehta, Satish K.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Stowe, Raymond P.] Microgen Labs, La Marque, TX 77568 USA. RP Pierson, DL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 126 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-046501-2; 978-0-12-088576-3 PY 2007 BP 851 EP 868 PG 18 WC Immunology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BCU03 UT WOS:000311389200046 ER PT J AU Davis, J Booth, AJ Ireland, MJ Jacob, AP North, JR Owens, SM Robertson, JG Tango, WJ Tuthill, PG AF Davis, J. Booth, A. J. Ireland, M. J. Jacob, A. P. North, J. R. Owens, S. M. Robertson, J. G. Tango, W. J. Tuthill, P. G. TI The emergent flux and effective temperature of delta Canis Majoris SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (delta CMa); techniques : interferometric ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; UNIVERSITY STELLAR INTERFEROMETER; EARLY-TYPE STARS; ANGULAR DIAMETERS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; SOUTHERN; SCALE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SUPERGIANTS AB New angular diameter determinations for the bright southern F8 supergiant delta CMa enable the bolometric emergent flux and effective temperature of the star to be determined with improved accuracy. The spectral flux distribution and bolometric flux have been determined from published photometry and spectrophotometry and combined with the angular diameter to derive the bolometric emergent flux F =(6.50 +/- 0.24) x 10(7) Wm(-2) and the effective temperature T-eff = 5818 +/- 53 K. The new value for the effective temperature is compared with previous interferometric and infrared flux method determinations. The accuracy of the effective temperature is now limited by the uncertainty in the bolometric flux rather than by the uncertainty in the angular diameter. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM j.davis@physics.usyd.edu.au NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1071/AS07017 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 223QZ UT WOS:000250388700004 ER PT J AU Plume, R Fuller, GA Helmich, F van der Tak, FFS Roberts, H Bowey, J Buckle, J Butner, H Caux, E Ceccarelli, C van Dishoeck, EF Friberg, P Gibb, AG Hatchell, J Hogerheijde, MR Matthews, H Millar, TJ Mitchell, G Moore, TJT Ossenkopf, V Rawlings, JMC Richer, J Roellig, M Schilke, P Spaans, M Tielens, AGGM Thompson, MA Viti, S Weferling, B White, GJ Wouterloot, J Yates, J Zhu, M AF Plume, R. Fuller, G. A. Helmich, F. van der Tak, F. F. S. Roberts, H. Bowey, J. Buckle, J. Butner, H. Caux, E. Ceccarelli, C. van Dishoeck, E. F. Friberg, P. Gibb, A. G. Hatchell, J. Hogerheijde, M. R. Matthews, H. Millar, T. J. Mitchell, G. Moore, T. J. T. Ossenkopf, V. Rawlings, J. M. C. Richer, J. Roellig, M. Schilke, P. Spaans, M. Tielens, A. G. G. M. Thompson, M. A. Viti, S. Weferling, B. White, Glenn J. Wouterloot, J. Yates, J. Zhu, M. TI The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope spectral legacy survey SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR LINE SURVEY; H-II-REGIONS; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; PHOTON-DOMINATED REGIONS; SPIRAL-ARM CLOUDS; SULFUR CHEMISTRY; FORMING REGIONS; HOT CORES; ORION-BAR; SUBMILLIMETER OBSERVATIONS AB Stars form in the densest, coldest, most quiescent regions of molecular clouds. Molecules provide the only probes that can reveal the dynamics, physics, chemistry, and evolution of these regions, but our understanding of the molecular inventory of sources and how this is related to their physical state and evolution is rudimentary and incomplete. The Spectral Legacy Survey (SLS) is one of seven surveys recently approved by the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Board of Directors. Beginning in 2007, the SLS will produce a spectral imaging survey of the content and distribution of all the molecules detected in the 345 GHz atmospheric window ( between 332 and 373 GHz) toward a sample of five sources. Our intended targets are a low-mass core (NGC 1333 IRAS 4), three high-mass cores spanning a range of star-forming environments and evolutionary states (W49, AFGL 2591, and IRAS 20126), and a photodissociation region ( the Orion Bar). The SLS will use the unique spectral imaging capabilities of HARP-B/ACSIS ( Heterodyne Array Receiver Programme B/Auto-Correlation Spectrometer and Imaging System) to study the molecular inventory and the physical structure of these objects, which span different evolutionary stages and physical environments and to probe their evolution during the star formation process. As its name suggests, the SLS will provide a lasting data legacy from the JCMT that is intended to benefit the entire astronomical community. As such, the entire data set ( including calibrated spectral data cubes, maps of molecular emission, line identifications, and calculations of the gas temperature and column density) will be publicly available. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Groningen, Netherlands. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. CNRS, CESP UPS, Toulouse, France. Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, Grenoble, France. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Leiden, Netherlands. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC, Canada. St Marys Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-5000 Cologne, Germany. Max Planck Inst, Bonn, Germany. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astropys Res, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Plume, R (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM plume@ism.ucalgary.ca; gary.a.fuller@manchester.ac.uk; f.p.helmich@sron.rug.nl OI Butner, Harold/0000-0003-4899-2064; Millar, Tom/0000-0001-5178-3656 NR 87 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 851 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1086/511161 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 132KV UT WOS:000243942600009 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Hill, CJ Ting, DZ Liu, JK Rafol, SB Blazejewski, ER Mumolo, JM Keo, SA Krishna, S Chang, YC Shott, CA AF Gunapala, S. D. Bandara, S. V. Hill, C. J. Ting, D. Z. Liu, J. K. Rafol, S. B. Blazejewski, E. R. Mumolo, J. M. Keo, S. A. Krishna, S. Chang, Y.-C. Shott, C. A. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Demonstration of 640x512 pixels long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) focal plane array - art. no. 64790V SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dots (QDs); infrared detector; focal plane array ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OPERATION; A-WELL DETECTOR; RESPONSIVITY; DETECTIVITY AB Epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are exploited for the development of large-format long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs). The Dot-in-a-Well (DWELL) structures were experimentally shown to absorb both 45 degrees and normal incident light, therefore a reflection grating structure was used to enhance the quantum efficiency. The devices exhibit peak responsivity out to 8.1 microns, with peak detectivity reaching similar to 1 x 10(10) Jones at 77 K. The devices were fabricated into the first long-wavelength 640 x 512 pixel QDIP imaging FPA, which has produced excellent infrared imagery with noise equivalent temperature difference of 40 mK at 60K operating temperature. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rafol, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6479 BP V4790 EP V4790 AR 64790V DI 10.1117/12.698051 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF07 UT WOS:000246393600014 ER PT J AU Joiner, J Brin, E Treadon, R Derber, J Van Delst, P Da Silva, A Le Marshall, J Poli, P Atlas, R Bungato, D Cruz, C AF Joiner, J. Brin, E. Treadon, R. Derber, J. Van Delst, P. Da Silva, A. Le Marshall, J. Poli, P. Atlas, R. Bungato, D. Cruz, C. TI Effects of data selection and error specification on the assimilation of AIRS data SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE forecast; numerical; weather; climate; radiances; satellite ID METEOROLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; WEATHER PREDICTION; CHANNEL SELECTION; CLOUD; RADIANCES; PRODUCTS AB The Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS), flying aboard NASA's Aqua satellite with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and four other instruments, has been providing data for use in numerical weather prediction and data assimilation systems for over three years. The full -AIRS data set is currently not transmitted in near-realtime to the prediction/assimilation centres. Instead, data sets with reduced spatial and spectral information are produced and made available within three hours of the observation time. In this paper, we evaluate the use of different channel selections and error specifications. We achieve significant positive impact from the Aqua AIRS/AMSU-A combination during our experimental time period of January 2003. The best results are obtained using a set of 156 channels that do not include any in the H(2)O band between 1080 and 2100 cm(-1). The H(2)O band channels have a large influence on both temperature and humidity analyses. If observation and background errors are not properly specified, the partitioning of temperature and humidity information from these channels will not be correct, and this can lead to a degradation in forecast skill. Therefore, we suggest that it is important to focus on background error specification in order to maximize the impact from AIRS and similar instruments. In addition, we find that changing the specified channel errors has a significant effect on the amount of data that enters the analysis as a result of quality control thresholds that are related to the errors. However, moderate changes to the channel errors do not significantly impact forecast skill with the 156 channel set. We also examine the effects of different types of spatial data reduction on assimilated data sets and NWP forecast skill. Whether we pick the centre or the warmest AIRS pixel in a 3x3 array affects the amount of data ingested by the analysis but does not have a statistically significant impact on the forecast skill. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Meteo France, CNRS, Toulouse, France. RP Joiner, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Joanna.Joiner@nasa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030; Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 622 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1002/qj.8 PN A PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 145EG UT WOS:000244847500015 ER PT J AU Muscheler, R Joos, F Beer, J Muller, SA Vonmoos, M Snowball, I AF Muscheler, Raimund Joos, Fortunat Beer, Juerg Mueller, Simon A. Vonmoos, Maura Snowball, Ian TI Solar activity during the last 1000 yr inferred from radionuclide records SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE PRODUCTION; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; CAL KYR BP; ICE CORE; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; POLAR ICE; CO2 DATA AB Identification of the causes of past climate change requires detailed knowledge of one of the most important natural factors-solar forcing. Prior to the period of direct solar observations, radionuclide abundances in natural archives provide the best-known proxies for changes in solar activity. Here we present two independent reconstructions of changes in solar activity during the last 1000 yr, which are inferred from Be-10 and C-14 records. We analyse the tree-ring C-14 data (SHCal, IntCa104 from 1000 to 1510 AD and annual data from 1511 to 1950 AD) and four Be-10 records from Greenland ice cores (Camp Century, GRIP, Milcent and Dye3) together with two Be-10 records from Antarctic ice cores (Dome Concordia and South Pole). In general, the Be-10 and C-14 records exhibit good agreement that allows us to obtain reliable estimates of past solar magnetic modulation of the radionuclide production rates. Differences between Be-10 records from Antarctica and Greenland indicate that climatic changes have influenced the deposition of Be-10 during some periods of the last 1000 yr. The radionuclide-based reconstructions of past changes in solar activity do not always agree with the sunspot record, which indicates that the coupling between those proxies is not as close as has been sometimes assumed. The tree-ring C-14 record and Be-10 from Antarctica indicate that recent solar activity is high but not exceptional with respect to the last 1000 yr. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. RP Muscheler, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Mail Code 613-3,Bldg 33,Room C327, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM raimund@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; joos@climate.unibe.ch; beer@eawag.ch; smueller@climate.unibe.ch; maura.vonmoos@eawag.ch; lan.Snowball@geol.lu.se OI Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 NR 64 TC 172 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.012 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 133PM UT WOS:000244024800006 ER PT B AU Johnston, AH Rax, BG Thorbourn, D AF Johnston, A. H. Rax, B. G. Thorbourn, D. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Total Dose Effects in Op-Amps with Compensated Input Stages SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE operational amplifier; total dose; hardness assurance; space radiation effects ID LINEAR INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; IONIZING-RADIATION; DEGRADATION; DEVICES AB This paper discusses total dose damage in operational amplifiers with compensated input stages. The impact of this design approach on unit-to-unit variability of radiation damage is examined, along with hardness assurance methods that can be used to bound the radiation behavior. Data is included for an unusually large sample (100 devices) of one device type. Half of those devices were subjected to burn-in before irradiation to investigate the effect of burn-in on radiation response. C1 [Johnston, A. H.; Rax, B. G.; Thorbourn, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Johnston, AH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500006 ER PT B AU Najafizadeh, L Sutton, AK Jun, B Cressler, JD Vo, T Momeni, O Mojarradi, M Ulaganathan, C Chen, SH Blalock, BJ Yao, YA Yu, XF Dai, F Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ AF Najafizadeh, Laleh Sutton, Akil K. Jun, Bongim Cressler, John D. Vo, Tuan Momeni, Omeed Mojarradi, Mohammad Ulaganathan, Chandradevi Chen, Suheng Blalock, Benjamin J. Yao, Yuan Yu, Xuefeng Dai, Foster Marshall, Paul W. Marshall, Cheryl J. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Radiation Response of SiGe BiCMOS Mixed-Signal Circuits Intended for Emerging Lunar Applications SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order; separated by commas ID PROTON TOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; REFERENCES; OPERATION AB The effects of proton irradiation on the performance of key devices and mixed-signal circuits fabricated in a SiGe BiCMOS IC design platform and intended for emerging lunar missions are presented. High-voltage (HV) transistors, SiGe bandgap reference (BGR) circuits, a general-purpose high input impedance operational amplifier (op amp), and a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are investigated. The circuits were designed and implemented in a first-generation SiGe BiCMOS technology and were irradiated with 63 MeV protons. The degradation due to proton fluence in each device and circuit was found to be minor, suggesting that SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology could be a robust platform for building electronic components intended for operation under extreme environments. C1 [Najafizadeh, Laleh; Sutton, Akil K.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jun, Bongim] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Vo, Tuan; Momeni, Omeed; Mojarradi, Mohammad] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ulaganathan, Chandradevi; Chen, Suheng; Blalock, Benjamin J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yao, Yuan; Yu, Xuefeng; Dai, Foster] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Jun, Bongim] Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. [Momeni, Omeed] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Najafizadeh, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM laleh@ece.gatech.edu FU NASA SiGe ETDP; Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; NASA-GSFC under the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) program; AFOSR MURI program; Georgia Electronic Design Center at Georgia Tech FX The authors would like to thank M. Watson, D. Frazier, A. Keys, D. Hope, K. LaBel, L. Cohn, A. Joseph, the NASA SiGe ETDP team for their contributions and support of this work. This work was supported by the NASA SiGe ETDP program, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program, NASA-GSFC under the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) program, an AFOSR MURI program, and the Georgia Electronic Design Center at Georgia Tech. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 78 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500008 ER PT B AU Attia, JO Zhang, DX Issa, E Kankam, MD AF Attia, John O. Zhang, Dexin Issa, Elie Kankam, M. David BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Effects of TID on Transistor Parameters of DC-DC Converters SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Buck converter; Buck-Boost converter; total ionizing dose; turn-on time ID POWER MOSFETS AB The output voltages of Buck and Buck-Boost converters, built using IRF250 power MOSFETs, increased with total dose up to 20 Krads(Si). The MOSFET turn-on time was found to increase with total dose. The increased turn-on time of the power MOSFET was found to cause the output voltage of the converters to increase. C1 [Attia, John O.; Zhang, Dexin; Issa, Elie] Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, POB 519 MS 2520, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Kankam, M. David] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Attia, JO (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, POB 519 MS 2520, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM joattia@pvamu.edu RI Attia, John/F-5376-2013 OI Attia, John/0000-0001-9800-1308 FU NASA [NAG32065]; Texas AM University FX The work was supported by the NASA grant, NAG32065. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NASA.; The authors would like to acknowledge the support given by Mr. Penrose Cofie for his assistance in designing the dc-dc converters. In addition, the authors acknowledge the support given by the staff at Texas A&M University while the total ionizing dose radiation studies were being performed NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 127 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500016 ER PT B AU Buchner, S McMorrow, D Bernard, M Roche, N Dusseau, L AF Buchner, Stephen McMorrow, Dale Bernard, Muriel Roche, Nicolas Dusseau, Laurent BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Total Dose Effects on Error Rates in Linear Bipolar Systems SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Bipolar circuit; single event transient; total dose; error rate ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; CIRCUITS AB The shapes of single event transients in linear bipolar circuits are distorted by exposure to total ionizing dose radiation. Some transients become broader and others become narrower. Such distortions may affect the Single Event Transient (SET) system error rates in a radiation environment. If the transients are broadened by total ionizing dose (TID) exposure, the error rate could increase during the course of a mission, a possibility that has implications for hardness assurance. C1 [Buchner, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McMorrow, Dale] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernard, Muriel; Roche, Nicolas; Dusseau, Laurent] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; bernard@ies.univ-montp2.fr; nicolas.roche@ies.univ-montp2.fr; dusseau@ies.univ-montp2.fr FU NASA's Electronic Parts and Packaging Program FX This work was supported in part by NASA's Electronic Parts and Packaging Program. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 210 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500030 ER PT B AU Label, KA Ladbury, RL Cohn, LM Oldham, TR AF LaBel, Kenneth A. Ladbury, Ray L. Cohn, Lewis M. Oldham, Timothy R. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Radiation Test Challenges for Scaled Commercial Memories SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE CMOS; radiation effects; commercial memories ID HEAVY-ION; SEE; TECHNOLOGY AB As sub-100nm CMOS technologies gather interest, the radiation effects performance of these technologies provide a significant challenge. In this paper, we shall discuss the radiation testing challenges as related to commercial memory devices. The focus will be on complex test and failure modes emerging in state-of-the-art Flash non-volatile memories (NVMs) and synchronous dynamic random access memories (SDRAMs), which are volatile. Due to their very high bit density, these device types are highly desirable for use in the natural space environment. In this paper, we shall discuss these devices with emphasis on considerations for test and qualification methods required. C1 [LaBel, Kenneth A.; Ladbury, Ray L.; Oldham, Timothy R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cohn, Lewis M.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Label, KA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Kenneth.A.Label@nasa.gov; Raymond.L.Ladbury@nasa.gov; lewis.cohn@dtra.mil; Timothy.R.Oldham@nasa.gov FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [07-42071] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 07-42071. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 378 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500055 ER PT B AU Adell, PC McClure, S Pease, RL Rax, BG Dunham, GW Barnaby, HJ Chen, XJ AF Adell, P. C. McClure, S. Pease, R. L. Rax, B. G. Dunham, G. W. Barnaby, H. J. Chen, X. J. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Impact of Hydrogen Contamination on the Total Dose Response of Linear Bipolar Microcircuits SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Enhanced low-dose rate sensitivity; radiation effects; total ionizing dose; passivation; hydrogen; temperature transducer; linear regulator AB Several linear bipolar microcircuits commonly used in space have been selected to investigate whether hydrogen contamination has an impact on their total dose response. Results obtained from irradiations performed on the HSYE117 linear voltage regulator from Intersil and the AD590 temperature transducer from Analog Devices show a causal relationship between in-package hydrogen content and total dose response. Silicon nitride passivation has been found to play a key role in this study. A recommended approach to hardening bipolar linear circuits with poor total dose response is to characterize them as processed through metallization. C1 [Adell, P. C.; McClure, S.; Rax, B. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Pease, R. L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Dunham, G. W.] NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Barnaby, H. J.; Chen, X. J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Adell, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM philippe.c.adell@jpl.nasa.gov; Steven.S.McClure@jpl.nasa.gov; lsrlpease@wildblue.net; Bernard.g.rax@jpl.nasa.gov; gary.dunham@navy.mil; hbarnaby@asu.edu; j.chen@asu.edu FU NASA NEPP FX The authors would like to thank the NASA NEPP program for their support. The author would like to thank Marty Shaneyfelt and Dan Fleetwood for their key discussions. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 405 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500059 ER PT B AU Laird, JS Onoda, S Hirao, T Edmonds, L Ohshima, T AF Laird, Jamie S. Onoda, Shinobu Hirao, Toshio Edmonds, Larry Ohshima, Takeshi BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Quenching of Impact Ionization in Heavy Ion Induced Tracks in Wide Bandwidth Si Avalanche Photodiodes SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE ID SINGLE-EVENT BURNOUT; POWER MOSFETS; SILICON; DIODES; IRRADIATION AB High-injection effects on the impulse response and high-frequency gain of a Si Avalanche Photodiode have been observed for a series of MeV heavy ions species with the same track structure but different injection levels. Focused picosecond laser results have also been collected as a function of laser waist. For the ultra-high injection levels present in the ion track, space-charge screening distorts the field profile leading to reduced impact ionization rates. Synopsis TCAD simulations are performed to clarify the role of screening in quenching or enhancing avalanche mechanisms and under what conditions one occurs over the other for an APD. C1 [Laird, Jamie S.; Edmonds, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Onoda, Shinobu; Hirao, Toshio; Ohshima, Takeshi] JAEA, Dept Severe Environm Mat, Radiat Effect Grp, Takasaki, Gumma, Japan. RP Laird, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Laird, Jamie/A-7683-2011 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 508 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500076 ER PT B AU Hoffmann, L Gardner, G Lintz, J Samson, J Kouba, C Some, R AF Hoffmann, L. Gardner, G. Lintz, J. Samson, J. Kouba, C. Some, R. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Designing the Dependable Multiprocessor Space Experiment SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE AB During development of the Dependable Multiprocessor experiment, high-fidelity environment analyses and radiation tests were performed in order to demonstrate that a meaningful on-orbit experiment was probable. C1 [Hoffmann, L.; Gardner, G.; Lintz, J.; Samson, J.] Honeywell Int, Clearwater, FL 33764 USA. [Kouba, C.] NASA JSC, Avion Syst Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Some, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hoffmann, L (reprint author), Honeywell Int, Clearwater, FL 33764 USA. EM lee.hoffmann@honeywell.com; coy.kouba-1@nasa.gov; rsome@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 561 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500083 ER PT B AU Poivey, C Berg, M Friendlich, M Kim, H Petrick, D Stansberry, S LaBel, KA Seidleck, C Phan, A Irwin, T AF Poivey, Christian Berg, Melanie Friendlich, Mark Kim, Hak Petrick, Dave Stansberry, Scot LaBel, Kenneth A. Seidleck, Christina Phan, Anthony Irwin, Tim BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Single Event Effects (SEE) Response of Embedded Power PCs in a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA for a Space Application SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE AB We present heavy ion and proton SEE data on Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA XC4VFX60. XC4VFX60 FPGA embeds two power PC405 processors. Purpose of these tests was the validation of this FPGA for use on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) next servicing mission. C1 [Poivey, Christian; Berg, Melanie; Friendlich, Mark; Kim, Hak; Petrick, Dave; LaBel, Kenneth A.; Seidleck, Christina; Phan, Anthony; Irwin, Tim] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Poivey, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM cpoivey@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 590 EP 594 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500087 ER PT B AU Nguyen, DN Irom, F AF Nguyen, D. N. Irom, F. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Radiation Effects on MRAM SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE MRAM; In-situ; TID; SEL; Radiation AB We report on SEL and TID tests of a Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM). Single Event Latch-up was observed with a static configuration. In-situ irradiations were used to characterize the response of the total accumulated dose failures. C1 [Nguyen, D. N.; Irom, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nguyen, DN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM duc.n.nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov; farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 628 EP 631 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500094 ER PT B AU Laird, JS Scheik, L Miyahira, T Mojarradi, MM Blalock, B Greenwell, R Vizkelethy, G Adell, PC Irom, F Doyle, B AF Laird, Jamie S. Scheik, Leif Miyahira, Testuo Mojarradi, Mohammad M. Blalock, Benjamin Greenwell, Robert Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Adell, Philippe C. Irom, Farokh Doyle, Barney BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Analog Single Event Transient Susceptibility of an SOI Operational Amplifier for Use in Low-Temperature Radiation Environments SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE AB The next generations of Martian rovers are to examine the polar regions where temperatures are extremely low and the absence of an earth-like atmosphere results in a plethora of radiation issues including Analogue Single Event Transients. To this end, a radiation-hardened, temperature compensated CMOS Single-On-Insulator operational amplifier was designed and fabricated using Honeywell's SOI V process. Broad beam heavy-ion tests at the University of Texas A&M were performed to ascertain the duration and severity of any SET's for low and high gain application. Ambiguity regarding the location of transient formation required the use of an ion microbeam to confirm a region of major concern in the internal bias circuitry. C1 [Laird, Jamie S.; Scheik, Leif; Miyahira, Testuo; Mojarradi, Mohammad M.; Adell, Philippe C.; Irom, Farokh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Blalock, Benjamin; Greenwell, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Vizkelethy, Gyorgy; Doyle, Barney] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Laird, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Laird, Jamie/A-7683-2011 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 636 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500096 ER PT B AU Harris, RD Rax, BG McClure, SS Johnston, AH AF Harris, Richard D. Rax, Bernard G. McClure, Steven S. Johnston, Allan H. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Degradation of RH1056 Parameters at Low Total Dose SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE JFET Input Operational Amplifier; RH1056; TID; Total Dose ID LINEAR INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; TRANSISTORS AB The behavior of the RH1056 JFET Input Operational Amplifier from Linear Technologies following Co-60 irradiation has been studied at both high and low dose rates. A significant amount of unexpected degradation of the input offset voltage for this radiation hardened part is observed at low doses. The amount of degradation peaks between about 2 and 6 krad(Si) depending on irradiation conditions. At higher doses, above about 20 krad(Si), the input offset voltage recovers to near pre-irradiation values. This degradation at low doses is not anticipated by the manufacturer's data sheet and could present unexpected surprises for missions operating in the total dose range of 2 - 10 krad(Si). This performance also suggests some potential issues with the typical hardness assurance methodology of step-level testing if the steps are too large. C1 [Harris, Richard D.; Rax, Bernard G.; McClure, Steven S.; Johnston, Allan H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Harris, RD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM richard.d.harris@jpl.nasa.gov; bernard.g.rax@jpl.nasa.gov; steven.s.mcclure@jpl.nasa.gov; allan.h.johnston@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 646 EP 650 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500098 ER PT J AU Emfietzoglou, D Pathak, A Nikjoo, H AF Emfietzoglou, D. Pathak, A. Nikjoo, H. TI Electronic stopping power of liquid water for protons down to the bragg peak SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID CHARGED-PARTICLES; CONDENSED MATTER; CROSS-SECTIONS; MAXIMUM; MODEL AB An improved dielectric response model that accurately represents the recent experimental data for liquid water over the whole Bethe surface is used to calculate the electronic stopping power of protons (of fixed-charge) in liquid water from several MeV down to the Bragg peak region. The results are by similar to 20% lower than the ICRU values and earlier studies. A shell-correction term with a contribution of 15-20% to Bethe's high-energy stopping number is obtained. The present work offers a first-principle approach for stopping power calculations that overcomes the well-known limitations of Bethe's stopping theory, namely, the need for separate determination of the mean excitation energy (the I-value) and the shell-corrections. In particular, all type of inner-shell effects are built into the model through the kinematically restricted integrals over the Bethe surface. The net contribution of higher-order corrections is found to be minimal over most of the present range. Thus, within the uncertainty of the dielectric model (few %) the present calculations are 'exact' down to similar to 100 keV. C1 [Emfietzoglou, D.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Med Phys Lab, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Pathak, A.] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Nikjoo, H.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, USRA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Emfietzoglou, D (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Med Phys Lab, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM demfietz@cc.uoi.gr RI Emfietzoglou, Dimitris/G-7168-2012 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm020 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400020 PM 17504748 ER PT J AU Emfietzoglou, D Papamichael, G Pathak, A Fotopoulos, A Nikjoo, H AF Emfietzoglou, D. Papamichael, G. Pathak, A. Fotopoulos, A. Nikjoo, H. TI Monte-Carlo study of energy deposition by heavy charged particles in sub-cellular volumes SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; LIQUID WATER; TRACK-STRUCTURE; RADIATION BIOLOGY; CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTONS; SIMULATION; ELECTRONS; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Detailed-history Monte-Carlo code is used to study the energy deposition from proton and alpha particle tracks at the sub-cellular level. Inelastic cross sections for both the vapour and liquid phases of water have been implemented into the code in order to explore the influence of non-linear density effects associated with the condensed-phase cellular environment. Results of energy deposition and its straggling for 0.5 to 5 MeV amu(-1) protons and alpha particles traversing or passing near spherical volumes of 2-200 nm in diameter relevant to DNA- and chromosome-size targets are presented. It is shown that the explicit account of delta-ray transport reduces the dose by as much as 10-60%, whereas stochastic fluctuations lead to a relative uncertainty ranging from 20% to more than 100%. Protons and alpha particles of the same velocity exhibit a similar delta-ray effect, whereas the relative uncertainty of the alphas is almost half that of protons. The effect of the phase is noticeable (10-15%) mainly through differences on the transport of delta-rays, which in liquid water have higher penetration distances. It is expected that the implementation of such results into multi-scale biophysical models of radiation effects will lead to a more realistic predictions on the efficacy of new radiotherapeutic modalities that employ either external proton beam irradiation or internal alpha-emitting radionuclides. C1 [Nikjoo, H.] NASA, USRA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Emfietzoglou, D.; Papamichael, G.] Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Med Phys Lab, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Papamichael, G.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Mech Engn, Athens 15710, Greece. [Pathak, A.] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Fotopoulos, A.] Univ Hosp Ioannina, Dept Nucl Med, Ioannina 45110, Greece. RP Nikjoo, H (reprint author), NASA, USRA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM hooshang.nikjoo1@jsc.nasa.gov RI Emfietzoglou, Dimitris/G-7168-2012 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm092 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400093 PM 17513851 ER PT J AU Grindborg, JE Lillhok, JE Lindborg, L Gudowska, I Soderberg, I Carlsson, GA Nikjoo, H AF Grindborg, J. -E. Lillhok, J. E. Lindborg, L. Gudowska, I. Soderberg, I. Carlsson, G. Alm Nikjoo, H. TI Nanodosimetric measurements and calculations in a neutron therapy beam SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID VARIANCE-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; MONTE-CARLO; DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA; RANGE AB A comparison of calculated and measured values of the dose mean lineal energy ((gamma) over bar (D)) for the former neutron therapy beam at Louvain-la-Neuve is reported. The measurements were made with wall-less tissue-equivalent proportional counters using the variance-covariance method and simulating spheres with diameters between 10 nm and 15 mu m. The calculated (gamma) over bar (D)-values were obtained from simulated energy distributions of neutrons and charged particles inside an A-150 phantom and from published (gamma) over bar (D)-values for mono-energetic ions. The energy distributions of charged particles up to oxygen were determined with the SHIELD-HIT code using an MCNPX simulated neutron spectrum as an input. The mono-energetic ion (gamma) over bar (D)-values in the range 3-100 nm were taken from track-structure simulations in water vapour done with PITS/KURBUC. The large influence on the dose mean lineal energy from the light ion (A > 4) absorbed dose fraction, may explain an observed difference between experiment and calculation. The latter being larger than earlier reported result. Below 50 nm, the experimental values increase while the calculated decrease. C1 [Grindborg, J. -E.; Lillhok, J. E.; Lindborg, L.] Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Stockholm, Sweden. [Soderberg, I.; Carlsson, G. Alm] Hlth Univ, Dept Radiat Phys, Linkoping, Sweden. [Gudowska, I.] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Gudowska, I.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Nikjoo, H.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Grindborg, JE (reprint author), Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Stockholm, Sweden. EM jan-erik.grindborg@ssi.se NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 463 EP 466 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm093 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400094 PM 17704506 ER PT J AU Nikjoo, H Uehara, S Pinsky, L Cucinotta, FA AF Nikjoo, H. Uehara, S. Pinsky, L. Cucinotta, Francis A. TI Modelling and calculations of the response of tissue equivalent proportional counter to charged particles SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID DNA-DAMAGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA AB Space activities in earth orbit or in deep space pose challenges to the estimation of risk factors for both astronauts and instrumentation. In space, risk from exposure to ionising radiation is one of the main factors limiting manned space exploration. Therefore, characterising the radiation environment in terms of the types of radiations and the quantity of radiation that the astronauts are exposed to is of critical importance in planning space missions. In this paper, calculations of the response of TEPC to protons and carbon ions were reported. The calculations have been carried out using Monte Carlo track structure simulation codes for the walled and the wall-less TEPC counters. The model simulates nonhomogenous tracks in the sensitive volume of the counter and accounts for direct and indirect events. Calculated frequency- and dose-averaged lineal energies 0.3 MeV- 1 GeV protons are presented and compared with the experimental data. The calculation of quality factors (QF) were made using individual track histories. Additionally, calculations of absolute frequencies of energy depositions in cylindrical targets, 100 nm height by 100 nm diameter, when randomly positioned and oriented in water irradiated with 1 Gy of protons of energy 0.3-100 MeV, is presented. The distributions show the clustering properties of protons of different energies in a 100 nm by 100 nm cylinder. C1 [Nikjoo, H.; Cucinotta, Francis A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, USRA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Uehara, S.] Kyushu Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Pinsky, L.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Nikjoo, H (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, USRA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM hooshang.nikjoo@jsc.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm103 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400104 PM 17513858 ER PT J AU Emfietzoglou, D Nikjoo, H AF Emfietzoglou, D. Nikjoo, H. TI Accurate electron inelastic cross sections and stopping powers for liquid water over the 0.1-10 keV range based on an improved dielectric description of the bethe surface SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; MEAN-FREE-PATH; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; OPTICAL-DATA MODEL; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CONDENSED MATTER; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRACK STRUCTURE AB Electron inelastic cross sections and stopping powers for liquid water over the 0.1-10 keV range are presented based on a recently developed dielectric response model for liquid water (D. Emfietzoglou, F. Cucinotta and H. Nikjoo, Radiat. Res. 164, 202-211, 2005) that is consistent with the experimental data over the whole energy-momentum plane. Both exchange and second-order Born corrections are included in a material-specific way using the dielectric functions of liquid water. The numerical results are fitted by simple analytic functions to facilitate their further use. Compared to previous studies, differential cross sections are shifted toward smaller energy losses resulting in smaller inelastic and stopping cross sections with differences reaching, on average, the similar to 20% and similar to 50% level, respectively. Contrary to higher energies, it is shown that the dispersion model for the momentum dependence of the dielectric functions (Bethe ridge) is as important as the optical model used. Within the accuracy of the experimental data (a few percent) upon which our dielectric model is based, the calculations are "exact" to first order, while the uncertainty of the results beyond first order is estimated at the 5-10% level. The present work overcomes the limitations of Bethe's theory at low energies by a self-consistent account of inner-shell effects and may serve to extend the ICRU electron stopping power database for liquid water down to 100 eV with a level of uncertainty similar to that for the higherenergy values. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Ctr Adv Space Studies, USRA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Med Phys Lab, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Nikjoo, H (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Ctr Adv Space Studies, USRA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Hooshang.nikjoo@jsc.nasa.gov RI Emfietzoglou, Dimitris/G-7168-2012 NR 56 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 20 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 167 IS 1 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1667/RR0551.1 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 123HX UT WOS:000243288100011 PM 17214512 ER PT S AU Bounoua, L AF Bounoua, Lahouari BE Mellouki, A Ravishankara, AR TI Radiative and physiological effects of increased CO2: How does this interaction affect climate in the Mediterranean region? SO REGIONAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND ITS IMPACTS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regional Climate Variability and its Impacts in the Mediterranean Area CY SEP 01, 2006 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP NATO DE doubling CO2; physiological and radiative interactions; Mediterranean region ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; DOUBLED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; MODEL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES; GCMS AB The radiative and physiological effects of doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) on climate are described using climate simulations. When CO2 was increased for vegetation only assuming no radiative effect, the response was a decrease in stomatal conductance followed by a temperature increase. This temperature increase was stronger when the vegetation physiological "down-regulation" was allowed in the model. The radiative forcing alone did not affect the global mean photosynthesis, however, some stimulation was observed in cold places. The interactions between the physiological and the radiative effects of doubled CO2 are not linearly "additive" and when acting together they tend to reduce the warming in the Mediterranean region. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. RP Bounoua, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 978-1-4020-6427-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2007 VL 79 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BGV88 UT WOS:000250831400003 ER PT S AU Mattmann, CA Medvidovic, N AF Mattmann, Chris A. Medvidovic, Nenad BE Kordon, F Sztipanovits, J TI The GridLite DREAM: Bringing the grid to your pocket SO RELIABLE SYSTEMS ON UNRELIABLE NETWORKED PLATFORMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Monterey Workshop CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Laguna Beach, CA SP Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn ID SOFTWARE; STYLE AB The emergence of small, mobile, inexpensive computing platforms has made computation possible virtually anywhere, and has opened up countless opportunities for distributed and decentralized collaboration and information sharing among a wide range of actors. The software-intensive systems of today are increasingly shaped by their decentralized., resource-constrained, embedded, autonomic, and mobile (DREAM) computing environments. In this paper we present GridLite, a software architecture-based grid platform suitable for deployment in DREAM environments. Our prototype implementation of GridLite represents an effective and highly efficient marriage of our OODT data grid and Prism-MW architectural middleware solutions. The ultimate goal of GridLite is to extend the reach of the grid all the way to people's "pockets". Our initial experience suggests that this goal is achievable and worthy of further active pursuit. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mattmann, CA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM mattmann@usc.edu; neno@usc.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-71155-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4322 BP 70 EP 87 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGA27 UT WOS:000245770400004 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS Chahine, MT Aumann, HH Fetzer, E Broberg, S AF Pagano, Thomas S. Chahine, Moustafa T. Aumann, Hartmut H. Fetzer, E. Broberg, S. BE Comeron, A Picard, RH Schafer, KS Slusser, JR Amodeo, A TI Accomplishments from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the need for higher spatial resolution in the future - art. no. 674504 SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XII CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE hyperspectral infrared; atmosphere; sounding; AIRS AB The wide range of products available from AIRS have made it invaluable as a tool for operational weather forecasting and climate modeling. AIRS has improved the 5 day forecast by 6 hours in the NCEP operational system and researchers have identified further improvement potential by assimilation of more channels and footprints. AIRS data have been used to validate the distribution and transport of water vapor and greenhouse gases in climate models, resulting in the identification of significant errors in the handling of these quantities. We present the AIRS Version 5 products and their accuracies and reference key papers involving their use. We also touch briefly on the limitations of AIRS due to its coarse spatial resolution, particularly in achieving boundary layer sensitivity. C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.; Chahine, Moustafa T.; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Fetzer, E.; Broberg, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6903-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6745 BP 74504 EP 74504 DI 10.1117/12.738095 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BHK54 UT WOS:000253868600003 ER PT S AU Pitts, MC Thomason, LW Hu, Y Winker, DM AF Pitts, Michael C. Thomason, Larry W. Hu, Yongxiang Winker, David M. BE Comeron, A Picard, RH Schafer, KS Slusser, JR Amodeo, A TI An assessment of the on-orbit performance of the CALIPSO Wide Field Camera - art. no. 67450K SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XII CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY ID MISSION; CLOUDS AB The Wide Field Camera (WFC) is one of three instruments in the CALIPSO science payload, with the other two being the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR). The WFC is a narrow-band, push-broom imager that provides continuous high-spatial-resolution imagery during the daylight segments of the orbit over a swath centered on the CALIOP footprint. The instantaneous field of view of each WFC pixel is approximately 125 m x 125 m when projected on the Earth's surface from an orbit altitude of 705 km. The spectral band of the WFC, with a center wavelength of 645 nm and a FWHM bandwidth of 50 nm, is designed to match the Aqua MODIS instrument's channel 1. The primary WFC Level I products are radiance and reflectance registered to an Earth-based grid centered on the CALIOP ground track. "First light" WFC images were acquired on 18 May 2006 and routine data acquisition began in early June 2006. An initial science assessment of the WFC on-orbit performance was conducted based on analysis of the first twelve months of flight data. Comparisons of the WFC measurements with the well-calibrated Aqua MODIS channel I data were performed to evaluate the on-orbit radiometric performance of the WFC. Overall agreement is excellent, especially over bright deep convective clouds where the WFC measurements agree to within a few percent of MODIS. This paper provides a summary of our overall assessment of the on-orbit radiometric performance of the WFC. C1 [Pitts, Michael C.; Thomason, Larry W.; Hu, Yongxiang; Winker, David M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Pitts, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 23A Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6903-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6745 BP K7450 EP K7450 DI 10.1117/12.737377 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BHK54 UT WOS:000253868600017 ER PT S AU Mertens, CJ Winick, JR Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG Evans, DS Bilitza, D Xu, X AF Mertens, C. J. Winick, J. R. Russell, J. M., III Mlynczak, M. G. Evans, D. S. Bilitza, Dieter Xu, X. BE Comeron, A Picard, RH Schafer, KS Slusser, JR Amodeo, A TI Empirical storm-time correction to the international reference ionosphere model E-region electron and ion density parameterizations using observations from TIMED/SABER SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XII CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; MU-M BANDS; AURORAL ELECTRONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; INFRARED BANDS; LIMB EMISSION; ALGORITHMS; RADIANCE AB The response of the ionospheric E-region to solar-geomagnetic storms can be characterized using observations of infrared 4.3 um emission. In particular, we utilize nighttime TIMED/SABER measurements of broadband 4.3 um limb emission and derive a new data product, the NO+(v) volume emission rate, which is our primary observation-based quantity for developing an empirical storm-time correction the IRI E-region electron density. In this paper we describe our E-region proxy and outline our strategy for developing the empirical storm model. In our initial studies, we analyzed a six day storm period during the Halloween 2003 event. The results of this analysis are promising and suggest that the ap-index is a viable candidate to use as a magnetic driver for our model. C1 [Mertens, C. J.; Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Mertens, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6903-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6745 AR 67451L DI 10.1117/12.737318 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BHK54 UT WOS:000253868600042 ER PT S AU Rault, D Loughman, R AF Rault, Didier Loughman, Robert BE Comeron, A Picard, RH Schafer, KS Slusser, JR Amodeo, A TI Stratospheric and upper tropospheric aerosol retrieval from limb scatter signals SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XII CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE stratospheric aerosols; remote sensing; limb scatter ID O-3 PROFILES; SCIAMACHY AB Solar occultation observations made by the SAGE family of space instruments have provided a record of global stratospheric and upper tropospheric aerosols that extends over 25 years. Since the demise of SAGE H and SAGE M however, there are presently no space instruments devoted to continuing this aerosol data set. The paper aims to demonstrate that aerosol extinction profiles, together with a moment of the size distribution, can be accurately retrieved from Limb Scatter measurements. The methodology is described, and retrieval examples are presented using data from a limb Scatter instrument, namely SAGE M. The retrieved extinction profiles are compared with SAGE 11 and SAGE III occultation aerosol products for a series of wavelengths. It is shown that the relative retrieval accuracy is good (less than 5%), with a relative precision on the order of 25%. Once operational, it is planned to apply the retrieval method to the data collected by the two still-operating Limb Scatter instruments (namely OSIRIS and SCIAMACHY) in order to extend the aerosol data record into the present time. In the future, the OMPS Limb Profiler instrument, which is presently manifested on NPP with a launch date of September 2009, will be used for additional stratospheric aerosol research. C1 [Rault, Didier] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rault, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6903-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6745 AR 674509 DI 10.1117/12.737325 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BHK54 UT WOS:000253868600007 ER PT J AU Lutz, R Patterson-Hine, A Nelson, S Frost, CR Tal, D Harris, R AF Lutz, Robyn Patterson-Hine, Ann Nelson, Stacy Frost, Chad R. Tal, Doron Harris, Robert TI Using obstacle analysis to identify contingency requirements on an unpiloted aerial vehicle SO REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE contingency requirements; obstacle analysis; safety-critical software; requirements evolution; autonomy; anomaly handling ID ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION; SOFTWARE; TOOLS AB This paper describes the use of Obstacle Analysis to identify anomaly handling requirements for a safety-critical, autonomous system. The software requirements for the system evolved during operations due to an on-going effort to increase the autonomous system's robustness. The resulting increase in autonomy also increased system complexity. This investigation used Obstacle Analysis to identify and to reason incrementally about new requirements for handling failures and other anomalous events. Results reported in the paper show that Obstacle Analysis complemented standard safety-analysis techniques in identifying undesirable behaviors and ways to resolve them. The step-by-step use of Obstacle Analysis identified potential side effects and missing monitoring and control requirements. Adding an Availability Indicator and feature-interaction patterns proved useful for the analysis of obstacle resolutions. The paper discusses the consequences of these results in terms of the adoption of Obstacle Analysis to analyze anomaly handling requirements in evolving systems. C1 CALTECH, JPL, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NelsonConsulting QSS, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Ames Res Ctr, Grp Inc 255, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lutz, R (reprint author), CALTECH, JPL, 226 Atanasoff Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rlutz@cs.iastate.edu; apatterson-hine@mail.arc.nasa.gov; NelsonConsult@aol.com; cfrost@mail.arc.nasa.gov; dt97@cornell.edu; trebor@trebor.org NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-3602 EI 1432-010X J9 REQUIR ENG JI Requir. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s00766-006-0039-4 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 102FZ UT WOS:000241797700003 ER PT S AU Melapudi, VR Nair, NV Udpa, L Udpa, SS Winfree, WP AF Melapudi, Vikram R. Nair, Naveen V. Udpa, Lalita Udpa, Satish S. Winfree, William P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Imaging and modeling techniques for terahertz inspection of NASA-SOFI SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE terahertz imaging; ray tracing; windowed fourier transform imaging; profiling ID DOMAIN; TIME AB Short-pulsed terahertz imaging techniques have found application in recent years especially in the areas of nondestructive evaluation, homeland security and biomedical imaging. One such application involves the inspection of bonding between spray on foam insulation (SOFI) and the external tank in the NASA space shuttle. This work discusses a suite of image enhancement techniques that was developed to improve the probability of detection of voids and disbands SOFI. Physics based defect detection and profiling methods are detailed along with initial results. In addition a ray-tracing model was developed to simulate the inspection process. Results comparing the model and experimental images will also be presented. C1 Michigan State Univ, ECE, NDEL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Melapudi, VR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, ECE, NDEL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000052 ER PT S AU Banks, HT Gibson, NL Winfree, WP AF Banks, H. T. Gibson, N. L. Winfree, W. P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Modeling of pulsed THZ interrogation of sofi with knit lines SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE THz interrogation; SOFI knit lines; FEM; time domain AB This paper examines the scattering effect of knit lines and voids in SOFI through simulations of THz interrogation at non-normal angles of incidence using focused single-cycle plane waves. We model the electromagnetic field using the TE mode of the 2D Maxwell's equations reduced to a wave equation, which are then solved with a finite-element time-domain method. The knit lines are modeled by changing the dielectric constant. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res & Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Banks, HT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res & Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000053 ER PT S AU Roth, DJ Seebo, JP Trinh, LB Walker, JL Aldrin, JC AF Roth, D. J. Seebo, J. P. Trinh, L. B. Walker, J. L. Aldrin, J. C. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Signal processing approaches for terahertz data obtained from inspection of the shuttle external tank thermal protection system foam SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE space shuttle; external tank; thermal protection system; sprayed-on foam insulation AB Foam shedding from the shuttle external tank remains a critical problem regarding Shuttle orbiter safety. Haws present in the foam can result in initiation sites for foam loss, and NASA is continuing to look at improving existing NDE methods for foam inspection as well as developing new methods. Terahertz NDE, greatly enhanced over the last several years with respect to its use for external tank foam inspection, has been a focus for continued improvement through signal and image processing improvements. In this study, results from various signal processing approaches to improve terahertz image flaw resolution for external tank foam are described. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, New Orleans, LA 70129 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Computat Tools Inc, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 415 EP 424 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000054 ER PT S AU Chiou, CP Thompson, RB Winfree, WP Madaras, EI Seebo, J AF Chiou, Chien-Ping Thompson, R. Bruce Winfree, William P. Madaras, Eric I. Seebo, Jeffrey BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Processing terahertz ray data in space shuttle inspection SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE terahertz imaging; space shuttle foam inspection; T-ray signal processing; bayesian classification; probabilistic neural network AB Terahertz ray imaging is one of the most capable techniques to inspect the space shuttle external tank foam insulation. This technique, however, is limited in its current inspection protocol using indirect substrate reflections. An alternate signal processing approach, working directly on the flaw responses, was lately demonstrated to be able to overcome some of these limitations. In this paper, we report recent progresses made by utilizing this alternate signal processing procedure in additional samples to detect flaws that were missed by the current protocol. We also present a new detection approach using the probabilistic neural network in the context of Bayesian classification. Preliminary results showed that the new Bayesian classification approach can achieve even greater improvement over the alternate signal processing approach. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Lockheed Martin, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Chiou, CP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 425 EP 431 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000055 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Roth, DJ Seeb, JP Winfree, WP AF Aldrin, John C. Roth, Don J. Seeb, Jeffrey P. Winfree, William P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Protocol and assessment of signal processing and feature extraction methods for terahertz nde for spray-on foam insulation SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE feature extraction; signal processing; spray-on foam insulation; terahertz NDE AB A quantitative assessment protocol was developed to evaluate potential signal processing methods for THz NDE of spray-on foam insulation. Automated feature extraction methods were developed to replicate the important visual classification characteristics used by inspectors and a new merit assessment approach was developed to identify the most promising combination of signal processing algorithms. Through application of the protocol to test data, several signal processing methods were found to improve the discrimination of defects. C1 Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 432 EP 439 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000056 ER PT S AU Kharkovsky, S Zoughi, R Hepburn, F AF Kharkovsky, S. Zoughi, R. Hepburn, F. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI High resolution millimeter wave detection of vertical SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE SOFI; nondestructive testing and evaluation; millimeter wave; space shuttle; crack ID TANK INSULATING FOAM AB Space Shuttle Columbia's catastrophic failure, the separation of a piece of spray-on-foam insulation (SOFI) from the external tank (ET) in the Space Shuttle Discovery's flight in 2005 and crack detected in its ET foam prior to its successful launch in 2006 emphasize the need for effective nondestructive methods for inspecting the shuttle ET SOFI. Millimeter wave nondestructive testing methods have been considered as potential and effective inspection tools for evaluating the integrity of the SOFI. This paper presents recent results of an investigation for the purpose of detecting vertical cracks in SOFI panels using a focused millimeter wave (150 GHz) reflectometer. The presented images of the SOFI panels show the capability of this reflectometer for detecting tight vertical cracks (also as a function of crack opening dimension) in exposed SOFI panels and while covered by a piece of SOH ramp simulating a more realistic and challenging situation. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Kharkovsky, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1065 EP 1070 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000137 ER PT S AU Prosser, WH AF Prosser, W. H. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NASA Engineering and Safety Center NDE super froblem resolution team SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE NDE; problem resolution; structural safety AB The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) is an independent organization, which was charted in the wake of the Space Shuttle Columbia accident to serve as an Agency-wide technical resource focused on engineering excellence. The objective of the NESC is to improve safety by performing in-depth independent engineering assessments, testing, and analysis to uncover technical vulnerabilities and to determine appropriate preventative and corrective actions for problems, trends or issues within NASA's programs, projects and institutions. Critical to the NESC are teams of experts in a number of core disciplines including nondestructive evaluation (NDE). These teams, designated Super Problem Resolution Teams (SPRTs), draw upon the best engineering expertise from across the Agency and include partnerships with other government agencies, national laboratories, universities and industry. The NESC NDE SPRT provides a ready resource of NDE technical expertise to support NESC Independent Technical Assessments and Investigations. ne purpose of this session will be to provide an overview of the NESC and the NDE SPRT along with a few examples of NDE related problems that the team has addressed for NASA Programs. It is hoped that this session will be of interest to the general NDE community and will foster contacts with additional NDE experts that might provide future support to the NASA NESC NDE SPRT. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Engn & Safety Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Prosser, WH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Bldg 1230B Room 185, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1915 EP 1920 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000246 ER PT J AU Chin, KB Buehler, MG Seshadri, S Keymeulen, D Anderson, RC Dutz, S Narayanan, SR AF Chin, K. B. Buehler, M. G. Seshadri, S. Keymeulen, D. Anderson, R. C. Dutz, S. Narayanan, S. R. TI Investigation of water and ice by ac impedance using electrochemical properties cup SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Water and ice were investigated by ac impedance with the electrochemical properties cup in an effort to develop an in situ instrument for water characterization. In liquid water, the impedance modulus decreased with the increase in charge carriers. In the ice, the impedance measurements were characterized by the dielectric relaxation and its corresponding activation energy. The activation energy of 0.400 eV was determined for pure ice. With ice containing Cl- anions, the activation energy was 0.24 eV. H+ and OH- doped ice has the lowest activation energy for dielectric relaxation. Results from previous works are similar to the results reported in this study. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Chin, KB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 016104 DI 10.1063/1.2424443 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300055 PM 17503953 ER PT J AU Gehrz, RD Roellig, TL Werner, MW Fazio, GG Houck, JR Low, FJ Rieke, GH Soifer, BT Levine, DA Romana, EA AF Gehrz, R. D. Roellig, T. L. Werner, M. W. Fazio, G. G. Houck, J. R. Low, F. J. Rieke, G. H. Soifer, B. T. Levine, D. A. Romana, E. A. TI The NASA Spitzer Space Telescope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; POINTING CALIBRATION; REFERENCE SENSOR; BROWN DWARF; REDUCTION ALGORITHMS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; EXTRASOLAR PLANET AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility) is the fourth and final facility in the Great Observatories Program, joining Hubble Space Telescope (1990), the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (1991-2000), and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (1999). Spitzer, with a sensitivity that is almost three orders of magnitude greater than that of any previous ground-based and space-based infrared observatory, is expected to revolutionize our understanding of the creation of the universe, the formation and evolution of primitive galaxies, the origin of stars and planets, and the chemical evolution of the universe. This review presents a brief overview of the scientific objectives and history of infrared astronomy. We discuss Spitzer's expected role in infrared astronomy for the new millennium. We describe pertinent details of the design, construction, launch, in-orbit checkout, and operations of the observatory and summarize some science highlights from the first two and a half years of Spitzer operations. More information about Spitzer can be found at http://spitzer.caltech.edu/. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gehrz, RD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St,SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gehrz@astro.umn.edu; thomas.l.roellig@nasa.gov; mwerner@sirtfweb.jpl.nasa.gov; gfazio@cfa.harvard.edu; houck@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu; flow@as.arizona.edu; grieke@as.arizona.edu; bts@irastro.caltech.edu; erom@earthlink.net NR 70 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 011302 DI 10.1063/1.2431313 PG 38 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300002 PM 17503900 ER PT J AU Barmatz, M Hahn, I Lipa, JA Duncan, RV AF Barmatz, M. Hahn, Inseob Lipa, J. A. Duncan, R. V. TI Critical phenomena in microgravity: Past, present, and future SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID VAPOR CRITICAL-POINT; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP THEORY; GAS CRITICAL-POINT; NEAR-CRITICAL FLUID; HEAT-CAPACITY MEASUREMENTS; NONASYMPTOTIC CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; LIQUID CRITICAL-POINT; PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL APPROXIMANTS; NONUNIVERSAL CRITICAL PHENOMENA; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS AB This review provides an overview of the progress in using the low-gravity environment of space to explore critical phenomena and test modern theoretical predictions. Gravity-induced variations in the hydrostatic pressure and the resulting density gradients adversely affect ground-based measurements near fluid critical points. Performing measurements in a low-gravity environment can significantly reduce these difficulties. A number of significant experiments have been performed in low-Earth orbit. Experiments near the lambda transition in liquid helium explored the regime of large correlation lengths and tested the theoretical predictions to a level of precision that could not be obtained on Earth. Other studies have validated theoretical predictions for the divergence in the viscosity as well as the unexpected critical speeding up of the thermal equilibrium process in pure fluids near the liquid-gas critical point. We describe the scientific content of previously flown low-gravity investigations of critical phenomena as well as those in the development stage, and associated ground-based work. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Barmatz, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 440 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 1 EP 52 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.79.1 PG 52 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 145LW UT WOS:000244867600001 ER PT J AU Kallman, TR Palmeri, P AF Kallman, T. R. Palmeri, P. TI Atomic data for x-ray astrophysics SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-IMPACT-IONIZATION; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION RATE; SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; NA-LIKE IONS; LITHIUM-LIKE IONS AB The available atomic data used for interpreting and modeling x-ray observations are reviewed. The applications for these data can be divided into several levels of detail, ranging from compilations which can be used with direct inspection of raw data, such as line finding lists, to synthetic spectra which attempt to fit to an entire observed dataset simultaneously. This review covers cosmic sources driven by both electron ionization and photoionization and touches briefly on planetary surfaces and atmospheres. The applications to x-ray astronomy, the available data, and recommendations for astronomical users are all reviewed, and an attempt to point out the applications where the shortcomings are greatest is also given. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RP Kallman, TR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 837 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 79 EP 133 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.79.79 PG 55 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 145LW UT WOS:000244867600003 ER PT S AU Biesiadecki, JJ Leger, C Maimone, MW AF Biesiadecki, Jeffrey J. Leger, Chris Maimone, Mark W. BE Thrun, S Brooks, R DurrantWhyte, H TI Tradeoffs between directed and autonomous driving on the mars exploration rovers SO ROBOTICS RESEARCH SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Robotics Research (ISRR) CY OCT 12-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA DE mars rover; MER; space robotics; autonomy; mission planning AB NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) have collected a great diversity of geological science results, thanks in large part to their surface mobility capabilities. The six wheel rocker/bogie suspension provides driving capabilities in many distinct terrain types, the onboard IMU measures actual rover attitude changes (roll, pitch and yaw, but not position) quickly and accurately, and stereo camera pairs provide accurate position knowledge and/or terrain assessment. Solar panels generally provide enough power to drive the vehicle for at most four hours each day, but drive time is often restricted by other planned activities. Driving along slopes in nonhomogeneous terrain injects unpredictable amounts of slip into each drive. These restrictions led us to create driving strategies that maximize drive speed and distance, at the cost of increased complexity in the sequences of commands built by human Rover Planners each day. The MER rovers have driven more than a combined 10 kilometers over Martian terrain during their first 21 months of operation using these basic modes. In this paper we describe the strategies adopted for selecting between human-planned directed drives versus rover-adaptive Autonomous Navigation and Visual Odometry drives. C1 [Biesiadecki, Jeffrey J.; Leger, Chris; Maimone, Mark W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Biesiadecki, JJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Jeffrey.Biesiadecki@pl.nasa.gov; Chris.Leger@pl.nasa.gov; Mark.Maimone@pl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-540-48110-2 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2007 VL 28 BP 254 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGB39 UT WOS:000245915500017 ER PT S AU Sibley, G Matthies, L Sukhatme, G AF Sibley, Gabe Matthies, Larry Sukhatme, Gaurav BE Thrun, S Brooks, R DurrantWhyte, H TI Bias reduction and filter convergence for long range stereo SO ROBOTICS RESEARCH SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Robotics Research (ISRR) CY OCT 12-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA AB We are concerned here with improving long range stereo by filtering image sequences. Traditionally, measurement errors from stereo camera systems have been approximated as 3-D Caussians, where the mean is derived by triangulation and the covariance by linearized error propagation. However, there are two problems that arise when filtering such 3-D measurements. First, stereo triangulation suffers from a range dependent statistical bias; when filtering this leads to over-estimating the true range. Second, filtering 3-D measurements derived via linearized error propagation leads to apparent filter divergence; the estimator is biased to under-estimate range. To address the first issue, we examine the statistical behavior of stereo triangulation and show how to remove the bias by series expansion. The solution to the second problem is to filter with image coordinates as measurements instead of triangulated 3-D coordinates. Compared to the traditional approach, we show that bias is reduced by more than an order of magnitude, and that the variance of the estimator approaches the Cramer-Rao lower bound. C1 [Sibley, Gabe] Univ So Calif, Robot Embedded Syst Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Matthies, Larry; Sukhatme, Gaurav] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Signal Proc Grp, Oldenburg, Germany. [Sibley, Gabe; Matthies, Larry] California Inst Technol, Jet Propul Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Sibley, G (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Robot Embedded Syst Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM gsibley@usc.edu; lhm@helios.jpl.nasa.gov; gaurav@usc.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-540-48110-2 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2007 VL 28 BP 285 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGB39 UT WOS:000245915500019 ER PT B AU Kolano, PZ AF Kolano, Paul Z. GP ACM TI Mesh: Secure, Lightweight Grid Middleware Using Existing SSH Infrastructure SO SACMAT'07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH ACM SYMPOSIUM ON ACCESS CONTROL MODELS AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (SACMAT 2007) CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL Sophia Antipolis, FRANCE DE SSH; access control; authentication; authorization; delegation; distributed systems; grids; middleware; security; single sign-on AB Grid computing promises gains in effective computational power. resource utilization, and resource accessibility, but in order to achieve these gains. organizations must deploy grid middleware that, in most cases. does not adhere to fundamental security principles. This paper introduces a new lightweight grid middleware called Mesh, which is based oil the addition of a single sign-on capability to the built-in public key authentication mechanism of SSH using system call interposition. The initial Mesh implementation is compatible; with approximately 90% of the world's SSH servers and any SSH client that supports public key authentication. Resources may be added to a Mesh-based grid in a matter of minutes using just five small files and two environment variable settings. Mesh adheres to fundamental security principles and was designed to be compatible with strong security mechanisms including two-factor authentication, SSH bastions, and restrictive firewalls. Mesh uses a remote command model, which is based on the syntax and commands already understood by users, thus requires no additional knowledge to utilize effectively. Several existing services have been integrated with Mesh to provide resource discovery and query, high performance file transfer, and job management. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kolano, PZ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, M-S 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM kolano@nas.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-745-2 PY 2007 BP 111 EP 120 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BJI41 UT WOS:000266108500012 ER PT S AU Callahan, P Franceschetti, G Iodice, A Riccio, D Wall, S AF Callahan, Philip Franceschetti, Giorgio Iodice, Antonio Riccio, Daniele Wall, Stephen BE Notarnicola, C Posa, F TI Cassini altimeter data meet fractals - art. no. 674602 SO SAR IMAGE ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TECHNIQUES IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on SAR Image Analysis, Modeling, and Techniques IX CY SEP 18, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE Europe, European Opt Soc, NASA, Soc Italiana Ottica Foton DE radar altimetry; Cassini mission; fractal geometry AB Fractal geometry provides the correct scientific approach to model natural environments. The altimeter of the Cassini mission is acquiring profiles of the Titan surfaces. In this paper the rationale for a fractal analysis of the profiles acquired by the Cassini altimeter is presented. The quantitative analysis proves that the fractal models provide meaningful information on the Titan surface. It is also shown that the classical (non-fractal) analysis leads to erroneous results. C1 [Callahan, Philip; Wall, Stephen] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Callahan, P (reprint author), Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. OI Iodice, Antonio/0000-0001-6173-3601 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6904-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6746 BP 74602 EP 74602 DI 10.1117/12.753799 PG 4 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHJ21 UT WOS:000253486800001 ER PT J AU Kharuk, VI Ranson, KJ Fedotova, EV AF Kharuk, Viacheslav I. Ranson, Kenneth J. Fedotova, Elena V. TI Spatial pattern of Siberian silkmoth outbreak and taiga mortality SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Scientific Conference of the International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association CY AUG, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc, Swedish Univ Agr Sci DE 3D analysis; landscape; pest outbreaks; Siberian silkmoth ID DEFOLIATION AB The latest catastrophic Siberian silkmoth (Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Tschetw.) outbreak occurred in central Siberia during 1994-1996. The relationship between forest stand mortality from insects and topographic features (azimuth, elevation, slope steepness) was analyzed based on a high-resolution digital elevation model, a pest damage map and Terra/MODIS data. It was found that pest-induced forest mortality patterns depend on topographic features. Before the outbreak the major part of host forest species was found within the elevation zone of 150-500 m. After the outbreak, surviving darkneedle stands were found mainly at elevations higher than 400 m. The greatest damage was observed at elevations between 210 and 320 m, whereas maximum mortality was observed at elevations of about 200 m and minimal mortality at elevations of 300 m. With respect to slope steepness, maximum damage for all categories was observed for slopes of 5-20 degrees. Slightly damaged stands were most common at low slope angle (about 5 degrees or less), whereas the highest proportion of stands with high tree mortality was found on steeper slopes. With respect to azimuth, insect damage is mostly uniform, with a small increase in damage on the south-west-facing slopes. The spatial pattern of the silkmoth outbreak can provide a basis for prioritizing Siberian silkmoth outbreak monitoring. C1 [Kharuk, Viacheslav I.; Fedotova, Elena V.] Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. [Ranson, Kenneth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kharuk, VI (reprint author), Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. EM kharuk@ksc.krasn.ru RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012; Fedotova, Elena/K-4573-2015 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270; NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1080/02827580701763656 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 240RB UT WOS:000251603600009 ER PT S AU Centrella, JM Baker, JG Boggs, WD Kelly, BJ McWilliams, ST van Meter, JR AF Centrella, Joan M. Baker, John G. Boggs, William D. Kelly, Bernard J. McWilliams, Sean T. van Meter, James R. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Binary black holes, gravitational waves, and numerical relativity SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID RADIATION; EXCISION; CONSTRUCTION; EVOLUTION; MERGER; GAUGE AB The final merger of comparable mass binary black holes produces an intense burst of gravitational radiation and is one of the strongest sources for both ground-based and space-based gravitational wave detectors. Since the merger occurs in the strong-field dynamical regime of general relativity, numerical relativity simulations of the full Einstein equations in 3-D are required to calculate the resulting gravitational dynamics and waveforms. While this problem has been pursued for more than 30 years, the numerical codes have long been plagued by various instabilities and, overall, progress was incremental. Recently, however, dramatic breakthrough have occurred, resulting in robust simulations of merging black holes. In this paper, we examine these developments and the exciting new results that are emerging. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Centrella, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Joan.Centrella@nasa.gov RI van meter, james/E-7893-2011; OI Kelly, Bernard/0000-0002-3326-4454 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012010 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200010 ER PT S AU Larsson, J Cook, A Lele, SK Moin, P Cabot, B Sjogreen, B Yee, H Zhong, X AF Larsson, J. Cook, A. Lele, S. K. Moin, P. Cabot, B. Sjoegreen, B. Yee, H. Zhong, X. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Computational issues and algorithm assessment for shock/turbulence interaction problems SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID SHOCK-TURBULENCE INTERACTION; SCHEMES AB The paper provides an overview of the challenges involved in the computation of flows with interactions between turbulence, strong shockwaves, and sharp density interfaces. The prediction and physics of such flows is the focus of an ongoing project in the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. While the project is fundamental in nature, there are many important potential applications of scientific and engineering interest ranging from inertial confinement fusion to exploding supernovae. The essential challenges will be discussed, and some representative numerical results that highlight these challenges will be shown. In addition, the overall approach taken in this project will be outlined. C1 [Larsson, J.; Lele, S. K.; Moin, P.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cook, A.; Cabot, B.; Sjoegreen, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Yee, H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zhong, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Larsson, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM lele@stanford.edu RI Larsson, Johan/B-9543-2017 OI Larsson, Johan/0000-0001-8387-1933 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012014 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200014 ER PT S AU Deming, D Agol, E Charbonneau, D Cowan, N Knutson, H Marengo, M AF Deming, Drake Agol, Eric Charbonneau, David Cowan, Nicolas Knutson, Heather Marengo, Massimo BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI Observations of extrasolar planets during the non-Cryogenic Spitzer space telescope mission SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; extrasolar planets ID HOT JUPITER; HD 209458B; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SECONDARY ECLIPSE; EPSILON-ERIDANI; INFRARED RADIUS; N2K CONSORTIUM; NEARBY; DWARF; STAR AB Precision infrared photometry from Spitzer has enabled the first direct studies of light from extrasolar planets, via observations at secondary eclipse in transiting systems. Current Spitzer results include the first longitudinal temperature map of an extrasolar planet, and the first spectra of their atmospheres. Spitzer has also measured a temperature and precise radius for the first transiting Neptune-sized exoplanet and is beginning to make precise transit timing, measurements to infer the existence of unseen low mass planets. The lack of stellar limb darkening in the infrared facilitates precise radius and transit timing measurements of transiting planets. Warm Spitzer will be capable of a precise radius measurement for Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M-dwarfs, thereby constraining their bulk composition. It will continue to measure thermal emission at secondary eclipse for transiting hot Jupiters, and be able to distinguish between planets having broad band emission vs. absorption spectra. It will also be able to measure the orbital phase variation of thermal emission for close-in planets, even non-transiting planets, and these measurements will be of special interest for planets in eccentric orbits. Warm Spitzer will be a significant complement to Kepler, particularly as regards transit timing in the Kepler field. In addition to studying close-in planets, Warm Spitzer will have significant application in sensitive imaging searches for young planets at relatively large angular separations from their parent stars. C1 [Deming, Drake] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Agol, Eric; Cowan, Nicolas] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Charbonneau, David; Knutson, Heather] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marengo, Massimo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deming, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI /0000-0002-0802-9145 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 89 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800005 ER PT S AU van Dokkum, P Cooray, A Labbe, I Papovich, C Stern, D AF van Dokkum, Pieter Cooray, Asantha Labbe, Ivo Papovich, Casey Stern, Daniel BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI The Spitzer Warm Mission: Prospects for studies of the distant universe SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; external galaxies; quasars; distances; redshifts ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT; RED GALAXIES; MIDINFRARED SELECTION; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; COSMIC REIONIZATION AB IRAC excels at detecting distant objects. Due to a combination of the shapes of the spectral energy distributions of galaxies and the low background achieved from space, IRAC reaches greater depth in comparable exposure time at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m than any ground- or space-based facility currently can at 2.2 mu m. Furthermore, the longer wavelengths probed by IRAC enable studies of the rest-frame optical and near-infrared light of galaxies and AGN to much higher redshift than is possible from the ground. This white paper explores the merits of different survey strategies for studying the distant universe during the warm mission. A three-fiered approach serves a wide range of science goals and uses the spacecraft effectively: 1) an ultra-deep survey of approximate to 0.04 square degrees to a depth of 250 hrs (in conj unction with an HST/WFC3 program), to study the Universe at 7 < z < 14; 2) a survey of 2 square degrees to the GOODS depth of 20 hrs, to identify luminous galaxies at z > 6 and characterize the relation between the build-up of dark matter halos and their constituent galaxies at 2 < z < 6, and 3) a 500 square degree survey to the SWIRE depth of 120 s, to systematically study large scale structure at 1 < z < 2 and characterize high redshift AGN. One or more of these programs could conceivably be implemented by the SSC, following the example of the Hubble Deep Field campaigns. As priorities in this field continuously shift it is also crucial that a fraction of the exposure time remains unassigned, thus enabling science that will reflect the frontiers of 2010 and beyond rather than those of 2007. C1 [van Dokkum, Pieter] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Cooray, Asantha] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Labbe, Ivo] Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Papovich, Casey] Univ Arizona, Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP van Dokkum, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 122 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800007 ER PT S AU Gardner, JR Fan, X Wilson, G Stiavelli, M AF Gardner, Jonathan R. Fan, Xiaohui Wilson, Gillian Stiavelli, Massimo BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI A Spitzer Warm Mission ultra-wide survey as a target finder for the James Webb Space Telescope SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; extragalactic objects; origin and formation of the universe ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; SEQUENCE CLUSTER SURVEY; Z-GREATER-THAN-5.7 QUASARS; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6 QUASARS; ADDITIONAL QUASARS; REIONIZATION HISTORY AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the successor to the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. It has a broad scientific mission which includes spectroscopic studies of the epoch of reionization through observations of z > 8 quasars. The Spitzer warm mission provides a unique opportunity to conduct an infrared survey of several hundred square degrees to a depth of several micro-Janskys, capable of finding quasars out to z = 10. Deep JWST continuum spectroscopy of these quasars will establish the epoch and history of the Universe through detection of the Gunn-Peterson trough and/or Lyman-alpha damping wings. The statistics and luminosity function of high-z quasars will reveal the early history of accretion in the most extreme systems, providing insights in the role of black holes in galaxy evolution. Data obtained from an ultra-wide warm Spitzer survey will also be useful for other science, including studies of high-redshift galaxy clusters. C1 [Gardner, Jonathan R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fan, Xiaohui] Univ Arizona, Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wilson, Gillian] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stiavelli, Massimo] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gardner, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 229 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800014 ER PT S AU Wright, EL Eisenhardt, PRM Mainzer, AK Kirkpatrick, JD Cohen, M AF Wright, Edward L. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Mainzer, A. K. Kirkpatrick, J. D. Cohen, M. BE LombardiStorrie, LJ Silbermann, NA TI The porcupine survey: A distributed survey and WISE Followup SO SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WARM SPITZER MISSION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science Opportunities for the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop CY JUN 04-05, 2007 CL Pasadena, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr DE Spitzer Space Telescope; infrared astronomical observations; brown dwarfs; Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) AB Spitzer post-cryogen observations to perform a moderate depth survey distributed around the sky are proposed. Field centers are chosen to be WISE brown dwarf candidates, which will typically be 160 mu Jy at 4.7 mu m and randomly distributed around the sky. The Spitzer observations will give much higher sensitivity, higher angular resolution, and a time baseline to measure both proper motions and possibly parallaxes. The distance and velocity data obtained on the WISE brown dwarf candidates will greatly improve our knowledge of the mass and age distribution of brown dwarfs. The outer parts of the Spitzer fields surrounding the WISE positions will provide a deep survey in many narrow fields of view distributed around the sky, and the volume of this survey will contain many more distant brown dwarfs, and many extragalactic objects. C1 [Wright, Edward L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Eisenhardt, P. R. M.; Mainzer, A. K.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirkpatrick, J. D.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cohen, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wright, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0457-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 943 BP 242 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGV26 UT WOS:000250750800015 ER PT J AU Van Snyder, W AF Van Snyder, W. TI Scientific programming in Fortran SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article AB The Fortran programming language was designed by John Backus and his colleagues at IBM to reduce the cost of programming scientific applications. IBM delivered the first compiler for its model 704 in 1957. IBM's competitors soon offered incompatible versions. ANSI (ASA at the time) developed a standard, largely based on IBM's Fortran IV in 1966. Revisions of the standard were produced in 1977, 1990, 1995 and 2003. Development of a revision, scheduled for 2008, is under way. Unlike most other programming languages, Fortran is periodically revised to keep pace with developments in language and processor design, while revisions largely preserve compatibility with previous versions. Throughout, the focus on scientific programming, and especially on efficient generated programs, has been maintained. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Van Snyder, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 183-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM van.snyder@jpl.nasa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V09RW UT WOS:000207414500002 ER PT J AU Norton, CD Decyk, VK Szymanski, BK Gardner, H AF Norton, Charles D. Decyk, Viktor K. Szymanski, Boleslaw K. Gardner, Henry TI The transition and adoption to modern programming concepts for scientific computing in Fortran SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB This paper describes our experiences in the early exploration of modern concepts introduced in Fortran90 for large-scale scientific programming. We review our early work in expressing object-oriented concepts based on the new Fortran90 constructs-foreign to most programmers at the time-our experimental work in applying them to various applications, the impact on the WG5/J3 standards committees to consider formalizing object-oriented constructs for later versions of Fortran, and work in exploring how other modern programming techniques such as Design Patterns can and have impacted our software development. Applications will be drawn from plasma particle simulation and finite element adaptive mesh refinement for solid earth crustal deformation modeling. C1 [Norton, Charles D.; Decyk, Viktor K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Decyk, Viktor K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Szymanski, Boleslaw K.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Gardner, Henry] Australian Natl Univ, FEIT, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Norton, CD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Szymanski, Boleslaw/A-9121-2009 OI Szymanski, Boleslaw/0000-0002-0307-6743 FU US Department of Energy FX The work of C.D.N was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work of V. K. D. was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It was also supported in part by the US Department of Energy, under the SCIDAC program. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 27 EP 44 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V09RW UT WOS:000207414500004 ER PT J AU Norton, CD AF Norton, Charles D. TI High performance computing for mission-enabling space applications SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Norton, CD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V09RX UT WOS:000207414600001 ER PT J AU Jacob, JC Eisenhardt, P Makovoz, D AF Jacob, Joseph C. Eisenhardt, Peter Makovoz, David TI Parallel MOPEX: Computing mosaics of large-area Spitzer surveys on a cluster computer SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Astronomy; image mosaicking; cluster computing; parallel processing; Spitzer space telescope AB The Spitzer Science Center's MOPEX software is a part of the Spitzer Space Telescope's operational pipeline that enables detection of cosmic ray collisions with the detector array, masking of the corrupted pixels due to these collisions, subsequent mosaicking of image fields, and extraction of point sources to create catalogs of celestial objects. This paper reports on our experiences in parallelizing the parts of MOPEX related to cosmic ray rejection and mosaicking on a 1,024-processor cluster computer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The architecture and performance of the new Parallel MOPEX software are described. This work was done in order to rapidly mosaic the IRAC shallow survey data, covering a region of the sky observed with one of Spitzer's infrared instruments for the study of galaxy clusters, large-scale structure, and brown dwarfs. C1 [Jacob, Joseph C.; Eisenhardt, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Makovoz, David] CACI Int Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Jacob, JC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 126-347, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Joseph.C.Jacob@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V09RX UT WOS:000207414600002 ER PT J AU Wang, J Cao, Y Kafafy, R Decyk, V AF Wang, Joseph Cao, Yong Kafafy, Raed Decyk, Viktor TI Electric propulsion plume simulations using parallel computer SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article AB A parallel, three-dimensional electrostatic PIC code is developed for large-scale electric propulsion simulations using parallel supercomputers. This code uses a newly developed immersed-finite-element particle-in-cell (IFE-PIC) algorithm designed to handle complex boundary conditions accurately while maintaining the computational speed of the standard PIC code. Domain decomposition is used in both field solve and particle push to divide the computation among processors. Two simulations studies are presented to demonstrate the capability of the code. The first is a full particle simulation of near-thruster plume using real ion to electron mass ratio. The second is a high-resolution simulation of multiple ion thruster plume interactions for a realistic spacecraft using a domain enclosing the entire solar array panel. Performance benchmarks show that the IFE-PIC achieves a high parallel efficiency of >= 90%. C1 [Wang, Joseph; Cao, Yong; Kafafy, Raed] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wang, Joseph; Decyk, Viktor] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Decyk, Viktor] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jowang@vt.edu RI Kafafy, Raed/D-6091-2013 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Air Force Research Laboratory FX We acknowledge many useful discussions with Charles Norton of JPL and Tao Lin of Virginia Tech. This research is supported by contracts from Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Air Force Research Laboratory. Access to the Dell Xeon parallel cluster is provided by the JPL Supercomputing Project. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V09RX UT WOS:000207414600003 ER PT J AU Madison, R Jain, A Lim, C Maimone, M AF Madison, Richard Jain, Abhinandan Lim, Christopher Maimone, Mark TI Performance characterization of a rover navigation algorithm using large-scale simulation SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Simulation; autonomous navigation; mars rover AB Autonomous rover navigation is a critical technology for robotic exploration of Mars. Simulation allows more extensive testing of such technologies than would be possible with hardware test beds alone. A large number of simulations, running in parallel, can test an algorithm under many different operating conditions to quickly identify the operational envelope of the technology and identify failure modes that were not discovered in more limited testing. GESTALT is the autonomous navigation algorithm developed for NASA's Mars rovers. ROAMS is a rover simulator developed to support the Mars program. We have integrated GESTALT into ROAMS to test closed-loop, autonomous navigation in simulation. We have developed a prototype capability to run many copies of ROAMS in parallel on a supercomputer, varying input parameters to rapidly explore GESTALT's performance across a parameter space. Using these tools, we have demonstrated that large scale simulation can identify performance limits and unexpected behaviors in an algorithm. Such parallel simulation was able to test approximately 500 parameter combinations in the time required for a single test on a hardware test bed. C1 [Madison, Richard; Jain, Abhinandan; Lim, Christopher; Maimone, Mark] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Madison, R (reprint author), M-S 125-109,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM armadison@earthlink.net FU internal Research and Technology Development; JPL Research and Technology Demonstration program FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the internal Research and Technology Development program. The research was sponsored by the JPL Research and Technology Demonstration program. We would like to thank Gerard Benenyan and Leonard Reder for writing the data visualizer tool and running the experiments. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V09RX UT WOS:000207414600004 ER PT J AU Hill, C Menemenlis, D Ciotti, B Henze, C AF Hill, Chris Menemenlis, Dimitris Ciotti, Bob Henze, Chris TI Investigating solution convergence in a global ocean model using a 2048-processor cluster of distributed shared memory machines SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Computational fluid dynamics; ocean modeling; parallel computing AB Up to 1920 processors of a cluster of distributed shared memory machines at the NASA Ames Research Center are being used to simulate ocean circulation globally at horizontal resolutions of 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16-degree with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model, a finite volume code that can scale to large numbers of processors. The study aims to understand physical processes responsible for skill improvements as resolution is increased and to gain insight into what resolution is sufficient for particular purposes. This paper focuses on the computational aspects of reaching the technical objective of efficiently performing these global eddy-resolving ocean simulations. At 1/16-degree resolution the model grid contains 1.2-billion cells. At this resolution it is possible to simulate approximately one month of ocean dynamics in about 17 hours of wallclock time with a model timestep of two minutes on a cluster of four 512-way NUMA Altix systems. The Altix systems' large main memory and I/O subsystems allow computation and disk storage of rich sets of diagnostics during each integration, supporting the scientific objective to develop a better understanding of global ocean circulation model solution convergence as model resolution is increased. C1 [Hill, Chris] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Menemenlis, Dimitris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hill, C (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Room 54-1515,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cnh@mit.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V09RX UT WOS:000207414600005 ER PT S AU Bar-Cohen, Y Lih, SS Bao, X Sherrit, S Badescu, M AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Lih, Shyh-Shiuh Bao, Xiaoqi Sherrit, Stewart Badescu, Mircea BE Peters, KJ TI Emission of multiple types of radiation using a miniature ferroelectric-based single source - art. no. 653008 SO Sensor Systems and Networks: Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE NDE; nondestructive testing; in-situ planetary analysis; ferrosource AB NASA exploration missions are increasingly seeking to determine existence of past or present life, detect water and examine the mineralogy of various planets in the solar system. Determination of the surface and bulk properties of selected samples currently requires multiple analytical instruments, each with an independent type of radiation source. Using multitude of instruments requires high power, mass and volume resulting in high cost and complexity. Recently, the authors developed a ferroelectric based radiation source, which they named Ferrosource, that was demonstrated to emit five radiation types enabling a new generation of compact, lo", power, low mass multifunctional NDE analytical instruments. The emitted radiation types include visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, as well as electron and ion beams. These radiation types are already in use in a multitude of instruments for detecting water, performing mineralogical/chemical analysis and for identifying biological markers. This ferroelectric-based source consists of a disk having a continuous ground electrode on one side and a grid-shaped cathode on the other side. This source is placed in a vacuum tube and is used to generate plasma by switching high voltage pulses and the plasma is harnessed to generate the radiation. To make the source more practical and applicable for NASA missions it was miniaturized by about 50 times the original chamber volume and efforts were made to increase its efficiency to compensate for the size reduction. A series of experiments were performed to demonstrate the capability of the developed miniature source. The source, the experiments, and the test results will be described and discussed in this paper. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6530 BP 53008 EP 53008 AR 653008 DI 10.1117/12.716505 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGJ49 UT WOS:000247600200007 ER PT S AU Grant, J Banks, C AF Grant, Joseph Banks, Curtis BE Peters, KJ TI Strain measurements using FBG on composite over wrap pressure vessels (COPV) in stress rupture test - art. no. 653011 SO Sensor Systems and Networks: Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE COPV; FBG; NDE; stress rupture; strain ID BRAGG-GRATING SENSORS AB Thirty six Fiber Optic Braggs Grating sensors were used during an ambient temperature hydrostatic pressurization testing of a Space Transportation System (STS) 40-inch Kevlar Composite Over-wrapped Pressure Vessel (COPV). The 40-inch vessel was of the same design and approximate age as the STS Main Propulsion System (MPS) and Orbiter Maneuvering System (OMS) vessels. The sensors were surfaces mounted to on the vessel to measure strain during a stress rupture event. The Bragg signals were linear with the applied pressure. The results indicated that the vessel was under an uneven force distribution at various locations on the vessel. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Grant, J (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6530 BP 53011 EP 53011 AR 653011 DI 10.1117/12.723513 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGJ49 UT WOS:000247600200034 ER PT J AU Yang, EH Lee, C Khodadadi, JM AF Yang, Eui-Hyeok Lee, Choonsup Khodadadi, J. M. TI Development of MEMS-based piezoelectric microvalve technologies SO SENSORS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE microvalve; low power consumption; liquid-compatible; piezoelectric; proportional flow control; microfluidics; modeling; CFD; gas flow; liquid flow ID ACTUATED MICROVALVE; FABRICATION AB In this paper, we describe an overview of our development of piezoelectric microvalves for microspacecraft applications, and a summary of the results of the computational modeling of the microvalves. The microvalves have been designed, fabricated and characterized for the proportional flow control of propellant for spacecraft micropropulsion. The microvalve consists of a custom-designed piezoelectric stack actuator bonded onto silicon valve components with the entire assembly contained within a metal housing. The valves seat configuration includes narrow-edge seating rings and tensile-stressed silicon tethers that enable the normally closed and leak-tight operation. A concentric series of narrow rings simulates a "knife-edge" seal by greatly reducing the valve contact area, thereby increasing the seating pressure and consequently reducing leakage. Leak testing of the microvalve, conducted using a Helium leak detector, showed a leak rate of approximately 5 x 10(-3) sccm at 800 psi for the gas-compatible version and a leak rate of approximately 3 x 10(-6) scc/s at 50 psi for the liquid-compatible version, respectively. Dynamic microvalve operations (switching rates of up to 1 kHz) have also been successfully demonstrated. The measured static flow rate for the gas-compatible microvalve under an applied potential of 10 V was 52 seem at an inlet pressure of 300 psi. The measured forward flow rate for deionized (DI) water for the liquid-compatible microvalve is approximately 64 mg/min at an inlet pressure of 20 psi and an applied voltage of 50 V. The measured power consumption, in the fully open state, was 3 mW at an applied potential of 30 V. The measured dynamic power consumption was 180 mW for 100 Hz continuous operation at 100 psi. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package was used for the 3-dimensional modeling of the flow in the liquid microvalve. The liquid experienced the greatest pressure loss as it moved over the rings in the gap between the seat and boss plates. A correlation for the pressure drop coefficient as a function of the gap spacing between the seat and boss plate was obtained. As for the gaseous microvalve, a 1-dimensional compressible flow model was developed, accounting for the excessive frictional effects of the seat rings. The variations of compressible flow quantities due to friction were studied, showing the drastic increase in density and static pressure in contrast to a rather small increase in the Mach number. Also of great importance, the total pressure drop was shown to be significant across the seat rings. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Yang, EH (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM eyang@stevens.edu OI Yang, Eui-Hyeok/0000-0003-4893-1691 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU MYU, SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING DIVISION PI TOKYO PA 1-23-3-303 SENDAGI, TOKYO, 113-0022, JAPAN SN 0914-4935 J9 SENSOR MATER JI Sens. Mater. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 175FJ UT WOS:000246998100002 ER PT S AU Badescu, M Kassab, S Sherrit, S Aldrich, J Bao, X Bar-Cohen, Y Chang, Z AF Badescu, M. Kassab, S. Sherrit, S. Aldrich, J. Bao, X. Bar-Cohen, Y. Chang, Z. BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V TI Ultrasonic/sonic driller/corer as a hammer-rotary drill SO Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2007, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE ultrasonic drilling; rotary-hammer drill; soil drill; piezoelectric devices AB Rock, soil, and ice penetration by coring, drilling or abrading is of great importance for a large number of space and earth applications. Proven techniques to sample Mars subsurface will be critical for future NASA astrobiology missions that will search for past and present life on the planet. The Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC has been developed as an adaptable tool for many of these applications [Bar-Cohen et al., 2001]. The USDC uses a novel drive mechanism to transform the ultrasonic or sonic vibrations of the tip of a horn into a sonic hammering of a drill bit through an intermediate free-flying mass. For shallow drilling the cuttings travel outside the hole due to acoustic vibrations of the bit. Various methods to enhance the drilling/coring depth of this device have been considered including pneumatic [Badescu et al., 2006] and bit rotation [Chang et al., 2006]. The combination of bit rotation at low speed for cuttings removal and bit hammering at sonic frequencies are described in this paper. The theoretical background and testing results are presented. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Badescu, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6650-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6529 BP U276 EP U282 DI 10.1117/12.716493 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ87 UT WOS:000247832000025 ER PT S AU Bao, X Doty, BJ Sherrit, S Badescu, M Bar-Cohen, Y Aldrich, J Chang, Z AF Bao, Xiaoqi Doty, Benjamin J. Sherrit, Stewart Badescu, Mircea Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Aldrich, Jack Chang, Zensheu BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V TI Wireless piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru SO Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2007, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE piezoelectric devices; acoustic wave; electric power supply; wireless power feed; pressure vessels AB There are numerous engineering applications where there is a need to transfer power and communication data thru the walls of a structure. A piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru system was developed in this reported study allowing for wireless transfer of electric power through a metallic wall using elastic waves. The technology is applicable to the transfer of power for actuation, sensing and other tasks inside sealed containers and vacuum/pressure vessels. A network equivalent circuit including material damping loss was developed to analyze the performance of the devices. Experimental test devices were constructed and tested. The power transfer capability and the transfer efficiency were measured. A 100W feed though capability with 38 mm diameter device and 88% transmission efficiency were demonstrated. Both analytical and experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bao, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6650-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6529 BP U1227 EP U1233 DI 10.1117/12.716429 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ87 UT WOS:000247832000120 ER PT S AU Bar-Cohen, Y Sherrit, S Bao, XQ Badescu, M Aldrich, J Chang, ZS AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Sherrit, Stewart Bao, Xiaoqi Badescu, Mircea Aldrich, Jack Chang, Zensheu BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V TI Subsurface sampler and sensors platform using the ultrasonic/sonic driller/corer (USDC) SO Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2007, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE sampling; drilling; ultrasonic/sonic driller/corer (USDC); gopher; subsurface exploration AB The search for existing or past life in the Universe is one of the most important objectives of NASA's mission. For this purpose, effective instruments that can sample and conduct in-situ astrobiology analysis are being developed. In support of this objective, a series of novel mechanisms that are driven by an Ultrasonic/Sonic actuator have been developed to probe and sample rocks, ice and soil. This mechanism is driven by an ultrasonic piezoelectric actuator that impacts a bit at sonic frequencies through the use of an intermediate free-mass. Ultrasonic/Sonic Driller/Corer (USDC) devices were made that can produce both core and powdered cuttings, operate as a sounder to emit elastic waves and serve as a platform for sensors. For planetary exploration, this mechanism has the important advantage of requiring low axial force, virtually no torque, and can be duty cycled for operation at low average power. The advantage of requiring low axial load allows overcoming a major limitation of planetary sampling in low gravity environments or when operating from lightweight robots and rovers. The ability to operate at duty cycling with low average power produces a minimum sample temperature rise allowing for control of the sample integrity and preventing damage to potential biological markers in the acquired sample. The development of the USDC is being pursued on various fronts ranging from analytical modeling to mechanisms improvements while considering a wide range of potential applications. While developing the analytical capability to predict and optimize its performance, efforts are made to enhance its capability to drill at higher power and high speed. Taking advantage of the fact that the bit does not require rotation, sensors (e.g., thermocouple and fiberoptics) were integrated into the bit to examine the borehole during drilling. The sounding effect of the drill was used to emit elastic waves in order to evaluate the surface characteristics of rocks. Since the USDC is driven by piezoelectric actuation mechanism it can designed to operate at extreme temperature environments from very cold as on Titan and Europa to very hot as on Venus. In this paper, a review of the latest development and applications of the USDC will be given. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6650-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6529 BP U160 EP U167 DI 10.1117/12.715048 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ87 UT WOS:000247832000013 ER PT S AU Chang, Z Bao, X Doty, BJ Sherrit, S Bar-Cohen, Y Badescu, M Aldrich, J AF Chang, Zensheu Bao, Xiaoqi Doty, Benjamin J. Sherrit, Stewart Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Badescu, Mircea Aldrich, Jack BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V TI Power loss consideration in wireless piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru SO Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2007, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE piezoelectric devices; acoustic wave; electric power supply; wireless power feed; Lamb wave AB Piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru devices that are able to transfer electric power through metallic/ferromagnetic wall are investigated. Electric energy is converted to acoustic energy by piezoelectric transducer at one side of the wall. The acoustic wave propagates through the wall and, then, it is converted back to electric energy by another transducer on the other side. For high efficient transmission, it is critical that all the energy loss should be minimized. In addition to the electrical, mechanical and electromechanical loss in the transducers and the thickness of the wall, Lamb (plate) waves are excited by the transducers in the wall and they also result in energy losses. In this study, the energy loss caused by the Lamb waves are analyzed analytically and by finite element simulations. The results and the methods to reduce the loss are presented and discussed in this presentation. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chang, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6650-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6529 BP U1245 EP U1250 DI 10.1117/12.716433 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ87 UT WOS:000247832000122 ER PT S AU Howard, RT Williamson, ML Johnston, AS Brewster, LL Mitchell, JD Cryan, SP Strack, D Key, K AF Howard, Richard T. Williamson, Marlin L. Johnston, Albert S. (Nick) Brewster, Linda L. Mitchell, Jennifer D. Cryan, Scott P. Strack, David Key, Kevin BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI Automated rendezvous and docking sensor testing at the flight robotics laboratory - art. no. 655512 SO Sensors and Systems for Space Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE automated rendezvous and docking; rendezvous; proximity operations and docking AB The Exploration Systems Architecture defines missions that require rendezvous, proximity operations, and docking (RPOD) of two spacecraft both in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and in Low Lunar Orbit (LLO). Uncrewed spacecraft must perform automated and/or autonomous rendezvous, proximity operations and docking operations (commonly known as Automated Rendezvous and Docking, (AR&D).) The crewed versions of the spacecraft may also perform AR&D, possibly with a different level of automation and/or autonomy, and must also provide the crew with relative navigation information for manual piloting. The capabilities of the RPOD sensors are critical to the success of the Exploration Program. NASA has the responsibility to determine whether the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) contractor-proposed relative navigation sensor suite will meet the CEV requirements. The relatively low technology readiness of relative navigation sensors for AR&D has been carried as one of the CEV Projects top risks. The AR&D Sensor Technology Project seeks to reduce this risk by increasing technology maturation of selected relative navigation sensor technologies through testing and simulation, and to allow the CEV Project to assess the relative navigation sensors. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Howard, RT (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6677-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6555 BP 55512 EP 55512 AR 655512 DI 10.1117/12.723437 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGK28 UT WOS:000247903100030 ER PT S AU Riris, H Sun, X Cavanaugh, JF Jackson, GB Ramos-Izquierdo, L Smith, DE Zuber, M AF Riris, Haris Sun, Xiaoli Cavanaugh, John F. Jackson, Glenn B. Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis Smith, David E. Zuber, Maria BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI The lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA) on NASA's lunar reconnaissance orbiter (LRO) mission - art. no. 65550I SO Sensors and Systems for Space Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; laser altimeter; lidar AB The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission, scheduled to launch in October 2008, will provide a precise global lunar topographic map using laser altimetry. LOLA uses short pulses from a single laser through a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) to produce a five-beam pattern that illuminates the lunar surface. For each beam, LOLA measures the time of flight (range), pulse spreading (surface roughness), and transmit/return energy (surface reflectance). LOLA will produce a high-resolution global topographic model and global geodetic framework that enables precise targeting, safe landing, and surface mobility to carry out exploratory activities. In addition, it will characterize the polar illumination environment, and image permanently shadowed polar regions of the lunar surface to identify possible locations of surface ice crystals in shadowed polar craters. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Riris, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6677-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6555 BP I5550 EP I5550 AR 65550I DI 10.1117/12.719266 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGK28 UT WOS:000247903100013 ER PT S AU Howard, RT Bryan, TC AF Howard, Richard T. Bryan, Thomas C. BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI DART AVGS flight results - art. no. 65550L SO Sensors and Systems for Space Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE automated rendezvous and docking; video guidance sensor; AR&C; AR&D; AVGS; DART AB The Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS) was designed to be the proximity operations sensor for the Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technologies (DART). The DART mission flew in April of 2005 and was a partial success. The AVGS did not get the opportunity to operate in every mode in orbit, but those modes in which it did operate were completely successful. This paper will detail the development, testing, and on-orbit performance of the AVGS. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EV21 Avion Syst Test Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Howard, RT (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EV21 Avion Syst Test Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6677-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6555 BP L5550 EP L5550 AR 65550L DI 10.1117/12.720242 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGK28 UT WOS:000247903100016 ER PT S AU Lu, T Snapp, C Chao, TH Thakoor, A Bechtel, T Ivashov, S Vasiliev, I AF Lu, Thomas Snapp, Cooper Chao, Tien-Hsin Thakoor, Anilkumar Bechtel, Tim Ivashov, Sergey Vasiliev, Igor BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI Evaluation of holographic subsurface radar for NDE of space shuttle thermal protection tiles - art. no. 65550S SO Sensors and Systems for Space Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE holographic radar; non-destructive testing; space shuttle thermal protection tile bonding AB Experiments have been carried out to evaluate holographic subsurface radar (RASCAN) for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of subnominal bond conditions between the Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System tiles and the aluminum substrate. Initial results have shown detection of small voids and spots of moisture between Space Shuttle thermal protection tiles and underlying aluminum substrate. The characteristic feature of this device is the ability to obtain one-sided radar soundings/images with high sensitivity (detecting of wire of 20 micron and less in diameter), and high resolution (2 cm lateral resolution) in the frequency band of 3.6-4.0 GHz. JPL's advanced high-speed image processing and pattern recognition algorithms can be used to process the data generated by the holographic radar and automatically detect and measure the defects. Combining JPL's technologies with the briefcase size, portable RASCAN system will produce a simple and fully automated scanner capable of inspecting dielectric heat shielding materials or other spacecraft structures for cracks, voids, inclusions, delamination, debonding, etc.. We believe this technology holds promise to significantly enhance the safety of the Space Shuttle and the future CEV and other space exploration missions. C1 NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Bioinspired Syst & Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lu, T (reprint author), NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Bioinspired Syst & Technol Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Ivashov, Sergey/C-1442-2015 OI Ivashov, Sergey/0000-0002-3605-5623 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6677-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6555 BP S5550 EP S5550 AR 65550S DI 10.1117/12.719911 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGK28 UT WOS:000247903100022 ER PT S AU Okojie, RS AF Okojie, Robert S. BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI Stable 600 degrees C silicon carbide MEMS pressure transducers - art. no. 65550V SO Sensors and Systems for Space Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE silicon carbide; high temperature; pressure sensors; packaging AB This paper presents a review of recent results of silicon carbide (SiC) piezoresistive pressure transducers that have been demonstrated to operate up to 600 T. The results offer promise to extend pressure measurement to higher temperatures beyond the capability of conventional semiconductor pressure transducers. The development also provides three immediate significant technological benefits: i) wider frequency bandwidth (overcomes acoustic attenuation associated with pitot tubes), ii) accuracy (improved stable output at high temperature), and iii) reduced packaging complexity (no package cooling required). Operation at 600 degrees C provides immediate applications in military and commercial jet engines in which critical static and dynamic pressure measurements are performed to improve engine performance (i.e., reduced emission and combustor instabilities) and improved CFD code validation. The pressure sensor is packaged by a novel MEMS direct chip attach (MEMS-DCA) technique that eliminates the need for wire bonding, thereby removing some reliability issues encountered at high temperature. Generally, at 600 degrees C the full-scale output (FSO) of these transducers drops by about 50-65 % of the room temperature values, which can be compensated for with external signal conditioning circuitry. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Okojie, RS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,Mail Stop 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6677-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6555 BP V5550 EP V5550 AR 65550V DI 10.1117/12.723406 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGK28 UT WOS:000247903100023 ER PT S AU Larar, AM Cook, WB Flood, MA Campbell, JF Boyer, CM Remus, RG Burcher, EE Puschell, JJ AF Larar, Allen M. Cook, William B. Flood, Michael A. Campbell, Joel F. Boyer, Charles M. Remus, Ruben G. Burcher, Ernest E. Puschell, Jeffery J. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI Overview of laboratory testing results for an imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer - art. no. 674423 SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE Fabry-Perot interferometer; imaging spectrometer characterization; tropospheric ozone ID OZONE AB An airborne imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) system was developed within NASA's Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) to mitigate risk associated with implementation, of such a device in future space-based atmospheric remote sensing missions. This system is focused on observing tropospheric ozone through measuring a narrow spectral interval within the strong 9.6 micron infrared ozone band at high spectral resolution, while the concept and technology also have applicability toward measurement of other trace species and other applications. The latest results from laboratory testing and characterization of enabling subsystems and the overall instrument system will be reported, with an emphasis placed on testing performed to evaluate system-level radiometric, spatial, and spectral measurement fidelity. C1 [Larar, Allen M.; Cook, William B.; Flood, Michael A.; Campbell, Joel F.; Boyer, Charles M.; Remus, Ruben G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6744 BP 74423 EP 74423 DI 10.1117/12.737765 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700056 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Oki, R AF Neeck, Steven P. Oki, Riko BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI CEOS precipitation constellation - art. no. 674428 SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY AB The outcomes of the 19th Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS) Plenary held in London in November 2005 1,2, recognized that the CEOS Implementation Plan for Space-Based Observations for Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) should: identify the supply of space-based observations required to satisfy the requirements expressed by the 10-year implementation plan for GEOSS(3); and propose an innovative process whereby the many disparate types of Earth observing programs funded by CEOS Member agencies might contribute to the supply of the required observations. The CEOS Task Force charged with drafting the CEOS Implementation Plan for Space-Based Observations for GEOSS focused its early efforts on the creation of a 'new planning process' which would satisfy the various criteria demanded by member space agencies, and which would hopefully encourage a new phase of specificity and focus in the multi-lateral co-operation efforts undertaken by space agencies under the CEOS umbrella - resulting in improved engagement of all CEOS Members and real implementation results. The CEOS Constellations is the title given to this new process, and four pilot studies have been initiated in order to pioneer and test the concept. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) were selected as the lead agencies for the study of the development of a CEOS Precipitation Constellation with the support of other CEOS space agency and user community participants. The goals, approach, and anticipated outcomes for the study will be discussed. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6744 BP 74428 EP 74428 DI 10.1117/12.746142 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700058 ER PT S AU Barsi, JA Markham, BL Helder, DL Chanderd, G AF Barsi, Julia A. Markham, Brian L. Helder, Dennis L. Chanderd, Gyanesh BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI Radiometric calibration status of Landsat-7 and Landsat-5 - art. no. 67441F SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE Landsat; ETM; TM; radiometry; calibration ID SENSORS AB Launched in April 1999, Landsat-7 ETM+ continues to acquire data globally. The Scan Line Corrector in failure in 2003 has affected ground coverage and the recent switch to Bumper Mode operations in April 2007 has degraded the internal geometric accuracy of the data, but the radiometry has been unaffected. The best of the three on-board calibrators for the reflective bands, the Full Aperture Solar Calibrator, has indicated slow changes in the ETM+, but this is believed to be due to contamination on the panel rather then instrument degradation. The Internal Calibrator lamp 2, though it has not been used regularly throughout the whole mission, indicates smaller changes than the FASC since 2003. The changes indicated by lamp 2 are only statistically significant in band 1, circa 0.3% per year, and may be lamp as opposed to instrument degradations. Regular observations of desert targets in the Saharan and Arabian deserts indicate the no change in the ETM+ reflective band response, though the uncertainty is larger and does not preclude the small changes indicated by lamp 2. The thermal band continues to be stable and well-calibrated since an offset error was corrected in late-2000. Launched in 1984, Landsat-5 TM also continues to acquire global data; though without the benefit of an on-board recorder, data can only be acquired where a ground station is within range. Historically, the calibration of the TM reflective bands has used an onboard calibration system with multiple lamps. The calibration procedure for the TM reflective bands was updated in 2003 based on the best estimate at the time, using only one of the three lamps and a cross-calibration with Landsat-7 ETM+. Since then, the Saharan desert sites have been used to validate this calibration model. Problems were found with the lamp based model of up to 13% in band 1. Using the Saharan data, a new model was developed and implemented in the US processing system in April 2007. The TM thermal band was found to have a calibration offset error of 0.092 W/m(2) sr mu m (0.68K at 300K) based on vicarious calibration data between 1999 and 2006. The offset error was corrected in the US processing system on April 2007 for all data acquired since April 1999. C1 [Barsi, Julia A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barsi, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6744 BP F7441 EP F7441 DI 10.1117/12.738221 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700036 ER PT S AU Xiong, X Sun, J Angal, A Chiang, K Barnes, WL AF Xiong, X. Sun, J. Angal, A. Chiang, K. Barnes, W. L. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI Applications and results of MODIS lunar observations - art. no. 67441H SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE terra; Aqua; MODIS; moon; radiometric calibration; spatial characterization ID ORBIT SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION; TERRA MODIS; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; MOON; PERFORMANCE; WATER AB Since launch, both Terra and Aqua MODIS have been making regular lunar observations with a primary objective of providing an independent stability monitoring for the reflective solar bands (RSB) calibration. To a large extent, this approach is based on the fact that the Moon has extremely stable surface reflectance properties. When combined with a lunar radiometric model, the applications of lunar observations can be significantly enhanced. Using MODIS as an example, this paper discusses various applications developed from its lunar observations. In addition to the RSB stability monitoring, MODIS lunar observations are regularly used to examine its calibration consistency between Terra and Aqua MODIS and to track the sensor's band-to-band registration (BBR) stability. Examples also presented in this paper include optical leak and electronic crosstalk characterization for MODIS thermal emissive bands (TEB) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. Results from multi-year lunar observations show that the MODIS RSB calibration stability has been satisfactory when compared to its solar calibration, and that Terra and Aqua MODIS are calibrated consistently to within +/- 1% for most RSB. The spatial characterization results derived from MODIS lunar observations agree very well with that determined from its on-board calibrator. It is clear that the applications and results of MODIS lunar observations presented here will serve as good examples or references for other sensors that also make use of lunar surface observations. C1 [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6744 BP H7441 EP H7441 DI 10.1117/12.736787 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700038 ER PT S AU Xiong, X Wu, A Guenther, B Bames, WL AF Xiong, X. Wu, A. Guenther, B. Bames, W. L. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI On-orbit monitoring of MODIS thermal emissive bands response versus scan angle SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE MODIS; calibration; thermal emissive bands; spacecraft maneuvers; RVS AB MODIS is a scanning radiometer that uses a two-sided scan mirror, making the Earth view (EV) observations over an angular range of 550 relative to instrument nadir. The 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB) are calibrated on a scan-by-scan basis using a quadratic algorithm that includes corrections for the sensor response versus scan angle (RVS). Currently, there are two MODIS instruments operated on-orbit. For Terra MODIS (launched in December 1999), the TEB RVS was characterized on-orbit using deep space observations made during spacecraft maneuvers. For Aqua MODIS (launched in May 2002), the TEB RVS was measured pre-launch. In this paper, we describe an approach used to monitor the on-orbit stability of MODIS TEB RVS using observations made during its data sector rotation (SR). The SR is implemented via flight software commands, during which the EV data collection is purposely shifted such that the EV data is taken when the sensor actually views the instrument scan cavity. We will show that this approach can accurately determine the TEB RVS differences between the mirror sides and track the TEB RVS changes on-orbit. C1 [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6744 BP U374 EP U382 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700039 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS Chahine, MT Aumann, HH Broberg, SE AF Pagano, Thomas. S. Chahine, Moustafa. T. Aumann, Hartmut H. Broberg, Steven E. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI Advanced remote-sensing imaging emission spectrometer (ARIES): An instrument concept for a next-generation imager/sounder SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE atmospheric sounding; sounder; hyperspectral; infrared; AIRS; ARIES AB It is now possible to combine high spectral resolution observations (like AIRS) with moderate spatial resolution (like MODIS) in a single instrument. The ARIES instrument concept provides over 3000 spectral channels in the 0.4-15.4 pm spectral region with spatial resolution of 1.0 km while still scanning +/- 55 degrees. The ARIES has size and mass less than half that of AIRS or MODIS primarily due to the advancements in focal plane assemblies and wide field optical systems developed under the NASA IIP and in US industry. The combined capability will allow more cloud free observations per unit area, and improve the overall cloud-clearing approach applied on AIRS. It will also improve sensitivity to atmospheric water vapor, temperature and trace gases in the boundary layer and facilitate studies of surface and atmospheric interaction for global climate studies. Improvements are expected in regional weather forecasts and hurricane prediction. This paper discusses the primary requirements for ARIES, the expected science and operational benefits and an instrument concept that demonstrates the viability and low risk of the approach. C1 [Pagano, Thomas. S.; Chahine, Moustafa. T.; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Broberg, Steven E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Thomas.S.Pagano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6744 AR 67440Q DI 10.1117/12.738079 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700021 ER PT B AU Pandey, JC Singh, KP Sagar, R Drake, SA AF Pandey, J. C. Singh, K. P. Sagar, R. Drake, S. A. BE Kang, YW Lee, HW Cheng, KS Leung, KC TI Multiwavelength studies of five chromospherically active stars SO SEVENTH PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics CY NOV 15, 2005 CL Sejong Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Astrophy Res Ctr Structure & Evolut Cosmos, Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Korean Spac Sci Soc, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn HO Sejong Univ ID X-RAY; BINARY; CORONAE AB We present a multiwavelength study of five chromospherically active stars, including newly obtained optical photometry, low-resolution optical spectroscopy, as well as archival X-ray observations. The bulk of the optical, Xray, and kinematical data indicate that the stars FR Cnc, HD 95559, HD 160934 and LO Peg are all active, young stars of 100 Myrs or less, whose activity levels are primarily due to their youth. All the photometric, spectroscopic and X-ray observations suggest that the star HD 81032 is a, newly identified, evolved RS CVn-type binary. C1 [Pandey, J. C.; Sagar, R.] ARIES, Naini Tal, India. [Singh, K. P.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Drake, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Drake, S. A.] USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pandey, JC (reprint author), ARIES, Naini Tal, India. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-30-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 362 BP 74 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ44 UT WOS:000247563200011 ER PT S AU Trunek, AJ Neudeck, PG Spry, DJ AF Trunek, Andrew J. Neudeck, Philip G. Spry, David J. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Improved mesa designs for the growth of thin 4H-SiC homoepitaxial cantilevers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE homoepitaxial; cantilever; on-axis; web growth; mesa; KOH etching; dislocations; etch pits AB The lateral expansion of thin homoepitaxial cantilevers from mesas has been used to produce areas of on-axis 4H-SiC completely free of dislocations. Cantilever expansion is influenced by the geometric shape and crystallographic orientation of the pregrowth mesa. In order to form larger areas of defect free silicon carbide (SiC), progressive coalescence must occur when adjoining cantilevers merge. The progressive coalescence is largely dictated by the shape and orientation of the pregrowth mesa. We report on refinements to the pregrowth mesa geometry and orientation that allows rapid initiation of cantilever growth and promotes progressive coalescence of merging cantilevers. These modifications to the pregrowth mesa geometry permit larger areas of defect free 4H-SiC to be realized. C1 [Trunek, Andrew J.; Spry, David J.] NASA Glenn, OAI, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Neudeck, Philip G.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Trunek, AJ (reprint author), NASA Glenn, OAI, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Andrew.J.Trunek@grc.nasa.gov; Neudeck@nasa.gov; David.J.Spry@grc.nasa.gov FU NASA FX This work was funded and carried out by NASA Glenn Research Center under the Hazardous Gas Leak Sensor and Internal Research and Development projects. The authors greatly appreciate the contributions of Dr. Gary Hunter, Dr. Lawrence G. Matus, Dr. Mary Zeller, Beth Osborn, Michelle Mrdenovich, Brent Gardner, and Kevin Speer. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 117 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900027 ER PT S AU Speer, KM Spry, DJ Trunek, AJ Neudeck, PG Crimp, MA Hile, JT Burda, C Pirouz, P AF Speer, K. M. Spry, D. J. Trunek, A. J. Neudeck, P. G. Crimp, M. A. Hile, J. T. Burda, C. Pirouz, P. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Absence of dislocation motion in 3C-SiC pn diodes under forward bias SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE 3C-SiC; stacking faults; partial dislocations; electroluminescence; electron channeling contrast imaging ID PIN DIODES; STABILITY; DEVICES AB pn diodes have recently been fabricated from 3C-SiC material heteroepitaxially grown atop on-axis 4H-SiC mesa substrate arrays [1,2]. Using an optical emission microscope (OEM), we have investigated these diodes under forward bias, particularly including defective 3C-SiC films with in-grown stacking faults (SFs) nucleated on 4H-SiC mesas with steps from screw dislocations. Bright linear features are observed along < 110 > directions in electroluminescence (EL) images. These features have been further investigated using electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) [3]. The general characteristics of the ECCI images-together with the bright to dark contrast reversal with variations of the excitation error-strongly suggest that the bright linear features are partial dislocations bounding triangular SFs in the 3C-SiC films. However, unlike partial dislocations in 4H-SiC diodes whose recombination-enhanced dislocation motion serves to expand SF regions, all the partial dislocations we observed during the electrical stressing were immobile across a wide range of current injection levels (1 to 1000 A/cm(2)). C1 [Speer, K. M.; Pirouz, P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Spry, D. J.; Trunek, A. J.] NASA Glenn, OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Neudeck, P. G.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Crimp, M. A.; Hile, J. T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Burda, C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Speer, KM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM kevin.m.speer@case.edu RI Burda, Clemens/C-5107-2008 OI Burda, Clemens/0000-0002-7342-2840 FU NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowship [04-HA03H] FX This work was funded by NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowship grant number 04-HA03H. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Augustinas Galeckas of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden. Contributions of Dr. Robert Stahlbush of the Naval Research Laboratory are also greatly appreciated. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 223 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900052 ER PT S AU Neudeck, PG Spry, DJ Chen, LY Okojie, RS Beheim, GM Meredith, R Ferrier, T AF Neudeck, Philip G. Spry, David J. Chen, Liang-Yu Okojie, Robert S. Beheim, Glenn M. Meredith, Roger Ferrier, Terry BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI SiC field effect transistor technology demonstrating prolonged stable operation at 500 degrees C SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE high temperature; MESFET; amplifier; packaging; durability; reliability AB While there have been numerous reports of short-term transistor operation at 500 degrees C or above, these devices have previously not demonstrated sufficient long-term operational durability at 500 degrees C to be considered viable for most envisioned applications. This paper reports the development of SiC field effect transistors capable of long-term electrical operation at 500 degrees C. A 6H-SiC MESFET was packaged and subjected to continuous electrical operation while residing in a 500 degrees C oven in oxidizing air atmosphere for over 2400 hours. The transistor gain, saturation current (loss), and on-resistance (R-DS) changed by less than 20% from initial values throughout the duration of the biased 500 degrees C test. Another high-temperature packaged 6H-SiC MESFET was employed to form a simple one-stage high-temperature low-frequency voltage amplifier. This single-stage common-source amplifier demonstrated stable continuous electrical operation (negligible changes to gain and operating biases) for over 600 hours while residing in a 500 degrees C air ambient oven. In both cases, increased leakage from annealing of the Schottky gate-to-channel diode was the dominant transistor degradation mechanism that limited the duration of 500 degrees C electrical operation. C1 [Neudeck, Philip G.; Okojie, Robert S.; Beheim, Glenn M.; Meredith, Roger; Ferrier, Terry] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Spry, David J.; Chen, Liang-Yu] NASA Glenn, OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Neudeck, PG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Neudeck@nasa.gov; David.J.Spry@grc.nasa.gov; Liangyu.Chen@grc.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 831 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900198 ER PT B AU Savchenkov, AA Matsko, AB Ilchenko, VS Yu, N Maleki, L AF Savchenkov, A. A. Matsko, A. B. Ilchenko, V. S. Yu, N. Maleki, L. GP IEEE TI Microwave photonics applications of whispering gallery mode resonators SO SIXTH INT KHARKOV SYMPOSIUM ON PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING OF MICROWAVES, MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES/WORKSHOP ON TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves/Workshop on Terahertz Technologies CY JUN 25-30, 2007 CL Kharkov, UKRAINE SP URSI, IEEE, EDS, MITTS, APS, EuMA ID MICRORING RESONATORS; FILTER RESPONSE; WAVE RECEIVER; MODULATOR AB Whispering gallery resonators (WGRs) made of electro-optic crystals are suitable for the realization of widely tunable microwave photonic filters as well as electro-optical modulators. We review recent progress in the field and discuss possible solutions of problems related to design and fabrication of narrow-band widely tunable highorder filters based on high-Q LiNbO3 WGRs and demonstrate fifth-order filter function with the resonators. C1 [Savchenkov, A. A.; Matsko, A. B.; Ilchenko, V. S.; Yu, N.; Maleki, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Savchenkov, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrey.Matsko@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; DARPA FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and with support from DARPA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1237-2 PY 2007 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1109/MSMW.2007.4294580 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000249653400012 ER PT B AU Serabyn, E AF Serabyn, E. GP IEEE TI Toward a 25-meter submillimeter telescope SO SIXTH INT KHARKOV SYMPOSIUM ON PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING OF MICROWAVES, MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES/WORKSHOP ON TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves/Workshop on Terahertz Technologies CY JUN 25-30, 2007 CL Kharkov, UKRAINE SP URSI, IEEE, EDS, MITTS, APS, EuMA C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Serabyn, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1237-2 PY 2007 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1109/MSMW.2007.4294597 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000249653400029 ER PT S AU Brugali, D Agah, A MacDonald, B Nesnas, LAD Smart, WD AF Brugali, Davide Agah, Arvin MacDonald, Bruce Nesnas, Lssa A. D. Smart, William D. BE Brugali, D TI Trends in robot software domain engineering SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING FOR EXPERIMENTAL ROBOTICS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE C1 [Brugali, Davide] Univ Study Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. [Agah, Arvin] Univ Kansas, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS USA. [MacDonald, Bruce] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. [Nesnas, Lssa A. D.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Smart, William D.] Washington Univ St Louis, Washington, DC USA. RP Brugali, D (reprint author), Univ Study Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. EM brugali@unibg.it; agah@ku.edu; b.macdonald@auckland.ac.nz; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-540-68949-2 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2007 VL 30 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68951-5_1 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGD56 UT WOS:000246174000001 ER PT S AU Nesnas, IAD AF Nesnas, Issa A. D. BE Brugali, D TI The CLARAty project: Coping with hardware and software heterogeneity SO Software Engineering for Experimental Robotics SE SPRINGER TRACTS IN ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nesnas, IAD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-540-68949-2 J9 SPR TRA ADV ROBOT PY 2007 VL 30 BP 31 EP 70 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68951-5_3 PG 40 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGD56 UT WOS:000246174000003 ER PT S AU Brugali, D Broten, GS Cisternino, A Colombo, D Fritsch, J Gerkey, B Kraetzschmar, G Vaughan, R Utz, H AF Brugali, Davide Broten, Gregory S. Cisternino, Antonio Colombo, Diego Fritsch, Jannik Gerkey, Brian Kraetzschmar, Gerhard Vaughan, Richard Utz, Hans BE Brugali, D TI Trends in robotic software frameworks SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING FOR EXPERIMENTAL ROBOTICS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE C1 [Brugali, Davide] Univ Study Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. [Broten, Gregory S.] Def R&D, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cisternino, Antonio] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Colombo, Diego] IMT Alti Studi, Lucca, Italy. [Fritsch, Jannik] Univ Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. [Gerkey, Brian] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kraetzschmar, Gerhard] Fraunhofer Inst Autonom Intelligent Syst, Munich, Germany. [Vaughan, Richard] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Utz, Hans] Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Brugali, D (reprint author), Univ Study Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. EM brugali@unibg.it; Greg.roten@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; cisterni@di.unipi.it; colombo@imtlucca.it; jannik@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de; gerkey@ai.sri.com; gerhard.kraetzschmar@ais.fraunhofer.de; vaughan@sfu.ca; hutz@mail.arc.nasa.gov OI CISTERNINO, ANTONIO/0000-0001-5302-3335 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-540-68949-2 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2007 VL 30 BP 259 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68951-5_15 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGD56 UT WOS:000246174000015 ER PT S AU Utz, H Mayer, G Kaufmann, U Kraetzschmar, G AF Utz, Haris Mayer, Gerd Kaufmann, Ulrich Kraetzschmar, Gerhard BE Brugali, D TI VIP: The video image processing framework based on the MIRO middleware SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING FOR EXPERIMENTAL ROBOTICS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE C1 [Utz, Haris; Mayer, Gerd; Kaufmann, Ulrich] Univ Ulm, Neuroinformat, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Utz, Haris] Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Kraetzschmar, Gerhard] Fraunhofer Inst Autonomous Intelligent Syst, St Augustin, Germany. [Kraetzschmar, Gerhard] Univ Appl Sci Bonn Rhein Sieg, St Augustin, Germany. RP Utz, H (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Neuroinformat, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM hutz@mail.arc.nasa.gov; gerd.mayer@uni-ulm.de; ulrich.kaufmann@uni-ulm.de; gerhard.kraetzschmar@ais.fraunhofer.de NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-540-68949-2 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2007 VL 30 BP 325 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68951-5_19 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGD56 UT WOS:000246174000019 ER PT S AU West, EA Kobayashi, K Davis, JM Gary, GA AF West, E. A. Kobayashi, K. Davis, J. M. Gary, G. A. BE Fineschi, S Viereck, RA TI The Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph Investigation Sounding Rocket Program - art. no. 66890E SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation II CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, MA SP SPIE DE UV polarization; solar magnetograph; Sun; sounding rocket; toroidal gratings; VLS gratings; double wollaston polarizer ID GRATINGS; LINE; REGION AB This paper will describe the objectives of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph Investigation (SUMI) and the unique optical components that have been developed to meet those objectives. A sounding rocket payload has been developed to test the feasibility of magnetic field measurements in the Sun's transition region. The optics have been optimized for simultaneous measurements of two magnetic sensitive lines formed in the transition region (CIV at 1550 angstrom and MgII at 2800 angstrom). This paper will concentrate on the polarization properties SUMI's toroidal varied-line-space (TVLS) gratings and its system level testing as we prepare to launch in the Summer of 2008. C1 [West, E. A.; Kobayashi, K.; Davis, J. M.; Gary, G. A.] NASA NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP West, EA (reprint author), NASA NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6837-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6689 BP E6890 EP E6890 DI 10.1117/12.731659 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGZ49 UT WOS:000251542300009 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Novo-Gradac, AM Shaw, GB Cavanaugh, J Guzek, J Liiva, P Nagao, L Rosanova, A AF Yu, Anthony W. Novo-Gradac, Anne Marie Shaw, George B. Cavanaugh, John Guzek, Jeff Liiva, Peter Nagao, Lou Rosanova, Alberto BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK Hodgson, N TI Thermal vacuum testing of the lunar orbiter laser altimeter engineering model laser - art. no. 64511R SO Solid State Lasers XVI: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVI CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE lunar orbiter laser altimeter; laser; topography; LIDAR; altimeter; thermal vacuum test; space flight AB We present the thermal vacuum (TVAC) test results of the engineering model laser transmitter for the NASA Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6564-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6451 BP R4511 EP R4511 AR 64511R DI 10.1117/12.726668 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BGC48 UT WOS:000246023600049 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Novo-Gradac, AM Shaw, GB Li, SX Stephen, M Krebs, D Unger, G Karsh, J Mamakos, W Guzek, J Lukemire, A AF Yu, Anthony W. Novo-Gradac, Anne Marie Shaw, George B. Li, Steve X. Stephen, Mark Krebs, Danny Unger, Glenn Karsh, Jeremy Mamakos, William Guzek, Jeff Lukemire, Alan BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK Hodgson, N TI Design considerations of the LOLA laser transmitter - art. no. 64511S SO Solid State Lasers XVI: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVI CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE lunar orbiter laser altimeter; laser; topography; LIDAR; altimeter; space laser AB We present the design of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter laser transmitter which consists of two oscillators on a single bench, each capable of providing one billion shots. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Opt Branch, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6564-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6451 BP S4511 EP S4511 AR 64511S DI 10.1117/12.726669 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BGC48 UT WOS:000246023600050 ER PT S AU Carpenter, JR AF Carpenter, J. Russell BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Non-parametric collision probability for low-velocity encounters SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB An implicit, but not necessarily obvious, assumption in many of the current techniques for assessing satellite collision probability over an interval of time is that the relative position uncertainty is perfectly correlated in time. If there is any mis-modeling of the dynamics in the propagation of the relative position error covariance matrix, time-wise de-correlation of the uncertainty will increase the probability of collision over a given time interval. The paper gives some examples that illustrate this point. This paper argues that, for the present, Monte Carlo analysis is the best available tool for handling low-velocity encounters, and suggests some techniques for addressing the issues just described. One proposal is for the use of a non-parametric technique that is widely used in actuarial and medical studies. The other suggestion is that accurate process noise models be used in the Monte Carlo trials to which the non-parametric estimate is applied. A further contribution of this paper is a description of how the time-wise de-correlation of uncertainty increases the probability of collision. C1 [Carpenter, J. Russell] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Carpenter, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 227 EP 242 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412700013 ER PT S AU Russell, RP Strange, NJ AF Russell, Ryan P. Strange, Nathan J. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Planetary moon cycler trajectories SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID EARTH-MARS CYCLERS AB Free-return cycler trajectories repeatedly shuttle a spacecraft between two bodies using little or no fuel. Here, the cycler architecture is proposed as a complementary and alternative method for designing planetary moon tours. Previously applied enumerative cycler search and optimization techniques are generalized and specifically implemented in the Jovian and Saturnian moon systems. In addition, the algorithms are tested for general use to find non-Earth heliocentric cyclers. Overall, hundreds of ideal model ballistic cycler geometries are found and several representative cases are documented and discussed. Many of the ideal model solutions are found to remain ballistic in a zero radius sphere of influence patched conic ephemeris model, and preliminary work in a high-fidelity fully integrated model demonstrates near-ballistic cycles for several example cases. In the context of recent Cassini discoveries, the Saturn-Titan-Enceladus system is investigated in the most detail and many promising solutions result. Several of the high energy Titan-Enceladus eyelets find immediate application as Cassini extended missions options that provide frequent low altitude Enceladus flybys. C1 [Russell, Ryan P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Russell, RP (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 301-121, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 301 EP 320 PN 1-2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412700018 ER PT S AU Fisher, JL Striepe, SA AF Fisher, Jody L. Striepe, Scott A. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Post2 end-to-end descent and landing simulation for the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology project SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) is used as a basis for an end-to-end descent and landing trajectory simulation that is essential in determining the design and performance capability of lunar descent and landing-system models and lunar environment models for the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project. This POST2-based ALHAT simulation provides descent and landing simulation capability by integrating lunar environment and lander system models (including terrain, sensor, guidance, navigation, and control models), along with the data necessary to design and operate a landing system for robotic, human, and cargo lunar-landing success. This paper presents the current and planned development and model-validation of the POST2-based end-to-end trajectory simulation used for the testing, performance and evaluation of ALHAT project system and models. C1 [Fisher, Jody L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Fisher, JL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 1 N Dryden St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 321 EP 335 PN 1-2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412700019 ER PT S AU Park, BMA Wright, H AF Park, Brooke M. Anderson Wright, Henry BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Comparison of a simple patched conic trajectory code to commericially available software SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Often in spaceflight proposal development, mission designers must evaluate numerous trajectories as different design factors are investigated. Although there are numerous commercial software packages available to help develop and analyze trajectories, most take a significant amount of time to develop the trajectory itself, which is ineffective when developing proposals. Thus a new code, PatCon, which is both quick and easy to use, was developed at NASA Langley by Brooke Park to aid mission designers in conducting trade studies on launch and arrival times for any given target planet. The code is able to run quick analyses, due to the incorporation of the patched conic approximation, to determine the trajectory. PatCon provides a simple but accurate approximation of the four body motion problem that would be needed to Solve any planetary trajectory. PatCon has been compared to a patched conic test case for verification, but has had no validation or comparison to other commercial off the self (COTS) software. This paper describes the patched conic approximation and its implementation in PatCon. A description of the results and comparison of PatCon to other more evolved codes such as AGI's Satellite Tool Kit and JAQAR Astrodynamics' Swingby Calculator is provided. The results will include percent differences in values such as C3 numbers, and V-infinity at arrival, and other more subjective results such as the time required to develop the simulation, and ease of use. C1 [Park, Brooke M. Anderson; Wright, Henry] NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Park, BMA (reprint author), NASA, 1 N Dryden St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 917 EP 927 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412700051 ER PT S AU Heaton, AF Brinckerhoff, AT AF Heaton, Andrew F. Brinckerhoff, Adam T. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Solar sail model validation from echo trajectories SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The NASA In-Space Propulsion program has been engaged in a project to increase the technology readiness of solar sails. Recently, these efforts came to fruition in the form of several software tools to model solar sail guidance, navigation, and control. Furthermore, solar sails are one of five technologies competing for the New Millennium Program Space Technology 9 flight demonstration mission. The historic Echo 1 and Echo 2 balloons were comprised of aluminized Mylar, which is the near-term material of choice for solar sails. Both spacecraft, but particularly Echo 2, were in low Earth orbits with characteristics similar to the proposed Space Technology 9 orbit. Therefore, the Echo balloons are excellent test cases for solar sail model validation. We present the results of studies of Echo trajectories that validate solar sail models of optics, solar radiation pressure, shape, and low-thrust orbital dynamics. C1 [Heaton, Andrew F.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Guidance Navigat & Control Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Heaton, AF (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Guidance Navigat & Control Grp, EV42, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 999 EP 1008 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412700056 ER PT S AU Striepe, SA Blanchard, RC Kirsch, MF Fowler, WT AF Striepe, Scott A. Blanchard, Robert C. Kirsch, Michael F. Fowler, Wallace T. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Huygens Titan probe trajectory reconstruction using traditional methods and the program to optimize simulated trajectories II SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID DESCENT; WINDS AB On January 14, 2005, ESA's Huygens probe separated from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, entered the Titan atmosphere and landed on its surface. As part of NASA Engineering Safety Center Independent Technical Assessment of the Huygens entry, descent, and landing, and an agreement with ESA, NASA provided results of all EDL analyses and associated findings to the Huygens project team prior to probe entry. In return, NASA was provided the flight data from the probe so that trajectory reconstruction could be done and simulation models assessed. Trajectory reconstruction of the Huygens entry probe at Titan was accomplished using two independent approaches: a traditional method and a POST2-based method. Results from both approaches are discussed in this paper. C1 [Striepe, Scott A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Striepe, SA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 1853 EP 1880 PN 1-2 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412701039 ER PT S AU Halsell, CA You, TH Bhat, RS Demcak, SW Graat, EJ Higa, ES Highsmith, DE Long, SM Mottinger, NA Jah, MK AF Halsell, C. Allen You, Tung-Han Bhat, Ramachand S. Demcak, Stuart W. Graat, Eric J. Higa, Earl S. Highsmith, Dolan E. Long, Stacia M. Mottinger, Neil A. Jah, Moriba K. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Mars reconnaissance orbiter aerobraking control SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft reached Mars on March 10, 2006 and successfully entered Mars orbit. The Mars capture orbit was highly elliptical, with a periapsis altitude of 400 km and an orbit period near 35 hours. The final Primary Science Orbit (PSO) for the orbiter is closer to Mars than any other spacecraft currently operating at Mars, with periapsis near 255 km and apoapsis near 320 km. Aerobraking techniques were used to establish this orbit with 445 orbits over a 6-month period, saving a total of 1200 m/sec. This paper describes the strategy and implementation of the MRO aerobraking phase. It explains the aerobraking constraints,. the trajectory design and maneuver choices, and the overall aerobraking control process. The aerobraking similarities and differences between MRO and Mars Global Surveyor and Odyssey will be discussed. C1 [Halsell, C. Allen; You, Tung-Han; Bhat, Ramachand S.; Demcak, Stuart W.; Graat, Eric J.; Highsmith, Dolan E.; Long, Stacia M.; Mottinger, Neil A.; Jah, Moriba K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Navigat & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Halsell, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Navigat & Control Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 2071 EP 2088 PN 1-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412701051 ER PT S AU Prince, JL Striepe, SA AF Prince, Jill L. Striepe, Scott A. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Mars reconnaissance orbiter operational aerobraking phase assessment SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ACCELEROMETER DATA AB The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) was inserted into orbit around Mars on March 10, 2005. After a brief delay, it began the process of aerobraking - using the atmospheric drag on the vehicle to reduce orbital :period. The aerobraking phase lasted approximately 5 months (April 4 to August 30, 2006), during which teams from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Corporation, and NASA Langley Research Center worked together to monitor and maneuver the spacecraft such that thermal margin on the solar arrays was maintained while schedule margin was upheld to provide a final local mean solar time (LMST) at ascending node of 3:00pm on the final aerobraking orbit. This paper will focus on the contribution of the flight mechanics team at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) during the aerobraking phase of the MRO mission. C1 [Prince, Jill L.; Striepe, Scott A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Prince, JL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RI Prince, Jerry/A-3281-2010 OI Prince, Jerry/0000-0002-6553-0876 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 2089 EP 2102 PN 1-2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412701052 ER PT S AU Demcak, SW You, TH Bhao, RS Graat, EJ Halsell, CA Higa, ES Highsmith, DE Long, SM Mottinger, NA Jah, MK AF Demcak, Stuart W. You, Tung-Han Bhao, Ramachandra S. Graat, Eric J. Halsell, C. Allen Higa, Earl S. Highsmith, Dolan E. Long, Stacia M. Mottinger, Neil A. Jah, Moriba K. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Mars reconnaissance orbiter orbit determination during aerobraking SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft reached Mars on 10 March 2006 and was inserted into a highly elliptical Mars capture orbit with an orbital period of 35 hours and a periapsis altitude of 426 km. Aerobraking through the Mars atmosphere was used, along with propulsive maneuvers, to transfer the spacecraft into the final low, near circular, sun-synchronous Primary Science Orbit. This paper describes the orbit determination performed during the MRO aerobraking phase for generating reconstructed and predicted trajectories. The predicted trajectories had several constraints on their accuracies, including spacecraft safety, sequence design and collision avoidance with other spacecraft. In order to meet the constraints, the atmospheric density was estimated for each aerobraking orbit. The estimated densities were analyzed and used to generate improved short-term predict models. The aerobraking similarities and differences between MRO and Mars Global Surveyor and Odyssey will be discussed. C1 [Demcak, Stuart W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Demcak, SW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 2103 EP 2118 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412701053 ER PT S AU Garcia, MD Fujii, KK AF Garcia, Mark D. Fujii, Kenneth K. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Mission design overview for the Phoenix Mars Scout mission SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Phoenix Mars Scout Lander - the first robotic explorer in NASA's "Scout Program" - is scheduled to launch in August 2007, and will land on the northern plains of Mars in May 2008, prior to the start of the northern, Martian summer. The Phoenix mission "follows the water" by landing in a region where NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter has discovered evidence of ice-rich soil very near the Martian surface. For three months after landing, the fixed Lander will perform in-situ and remote sensing investigations that will characterize the chemistry of the materials at the local surface, sub-surface, and atmosphere, and will identify potential provenance of key indicator elements of significance to the biological potential of Mars, including potential organics and any accessible water ice. The Lander will employ a robotic arm to dig to the ice layer, and will analyze the acquired samples using a suite of deck-mounted, science instruments. The development of the baseline strategy to achieve the objectives of this mission involves the integration of a variety of elements into a coherent mission plan. These elements have been involved in developing plans for the launch phase, interplanetary trajectory and navigation, atmospheric entry, descent, and landing (EDL), landing site selection, and the surface mission. An overview of the integrated mission plan, from launch through surface operations, is described. C1 [Garcia, Mark D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Garcia, MD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 2133 EP 2147 PN 1-2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412701055 ER PT S AU Mackenzie, RA Antreasian, PG Bordi, JJ Criddle, KE Ionasescu, R Jacobson, RA Jones, JB Parcher, DW Pelletier, FJ Roth, DC Stauch, JR AF Mackenzie, R. A. Antreasian, P. G. Bordi, J. J. Criddle, K. E. Ionasescu, R. Jacobson, R. A. Jones, J. B. Parcher, D. W. Pelletier, F. J. Roth, D. C. Stauch, J. R. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI A determination of rhea's gravity field from Cassini navigation analysis SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Cassini spacecraft flyby of Saturn's moon Rhea during November 26, 2005 was continually tracked through the encounter as part of a radio science gravity experiment. The resulting Doppler data have enabled the determination of the low harmonics of the Rhea gravity field as part of the routine orbit determination for Cassini navigation. This paper presents the results and analysis performed to obtain best estimates of the gravity field coefficients and their associated uncertainties. Particular attention was paid to examining the sensitivity of the solutions to the orbit determination arc length and the treatment of the data weighting. The effect on the solution of applying the hydrostatic constraint 3J(2) = 10C(22) is studied to gauge whether the tracking data are consistent with this constraint. C1 [Mackenzie, R. A.; Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E.; Ionasescu, R.; Jacobson, R. A.; Jones, J. B.; Parcher, D. W.; Pelletier, F. J.; Roth, D. C.; Stauch, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Navigat & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mackenzie, RA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Navigat & Control Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 2149 EP 2168 PN 1-2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412701056 ER PT S AU Barkley, E Pechkam, P Pietras, J Quintela, P AF Barkley, Erik Pechkam, Paul Pietras, John Quintela, Paula BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI CCSDS Space Link Extension service management: Real-world use cases SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Barkley, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 101 EP 117 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600006 ER PT S AU Woo, SS Gao, JL AF Woo, Simon S. Gao, Jay L. BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI CCSDS File Delivery Protocol performance over weather-dependent Ka-band channel SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Woo, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 129 EP 152 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600008 ER PT S AU Seaton, B Johns, A Gal-Edd, J Fatig, C Jones, R Wasiak, F AF Seaton, Bonnie Johns, Alan Gal-Edd, Jonathan Fatig, Curtis Jones, Ronald Wasiak, Francis BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Development of JWST's ground systems using an open adaptable architecture SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Seaton, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 155 EP 165 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600009 ER PT S AU Bradford, RN AF Bradford, Robert N. BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Using globally connected Research and Education Networks for space-based science operations SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mission Operat Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Bradford, RN (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mission Operat Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 217 EP 232 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600013 ER PT S AU Shambayati, S Morabito, D Border, JS Davarian, F AF Shambayati, Shervin Morabito, David Border, James S. Davarian, Faramaz BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Ka-band demonstration: Cruise phase operations SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Ka Band Demonstrat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Shambayati, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Ka Band Demonstrat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 251 EP + PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600015 ER PT S AU Pham, T AF Pham, Timothy BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Perspective on Deep Space Network system performance analysis SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, DSN, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Pham, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, DSN, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 275 EP + PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600016 ER PT S AU Sherwood, R Chien, S AF Sherwood, Rob Chien, Steve BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Enhancing science and automating operations using onboard autonomy SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sherwood, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 323 EP + PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600019 ER PT S AU Jaap, J Meyer, P Davis, E Richardson, L AF Jaap, John Meyer, Patrick Davis, Elizabeth Richardson, Lea BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI In-space crew-collaborative task scheduling SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Jaap, J (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 363 EP 378 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600021 ER PT S AU Kitmacher, G Maxwell, TG AF Kitmacher, Gary Maxwell, Theresa G. BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Furthering exploration - International Space Station experience SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 NASA Headquarters, NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Int Space Stn Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Kitmacher, G (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Int Space Stn Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 429 EP 454 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600025 ER PT S AU Bliss, DA Voskanian, V Weise, TM AF Bliss, David A. Voskanian, Vicken Weise, Timothy M. BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Spitzer Space Telescope sequencing operations software, strategies, and lessons learned SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bliss, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 455 EP 472 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600026 ER PT S AU Lewicki, CA Krajewski, JA Ilott, PA Dates, JA AF Lewicki, Christopher A. Krajewski, Joel A. Ilott, Peter A. Dates, Jason A. BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Phoenix Mars Scout ultra-high frequency relay-only operations SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy RP Lewicki, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 503 EP + PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600029 ER PT S AU Matijevic, J Dewell, E AF Matijevic, J. Dewell, E. BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Anomaly recovery and the Mars Exploration Rovers SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy RP Matijevic, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 547 EP 568 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600031 ER PT S AU Maxwell, JL Heventhal, WM Javidnia, S AF Maxwell, Jennifer Long Heventhal, William M., III Javidnia, Shahram BE Bruca, L Douglas, JP Sorensen, T TI Cassini-Huygens sequence development process SO Space Operations: Mission Management, Technologies, and Current Applications SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Italian Space Acgy RP Maxwell, JL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-919-9 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2007 VL 220 BP 581 EP 592 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGT90 UT WOS:000250478600033 ER PT J AU Hansen, KC Bagdonat, T Motschmann, U Alexander, C Combi, MR Cravens, TE Gombosi, TI Jia, YD Robertson, IP AF Hansen, K. C. Bagdonat, T. Motschmann, U. Alexander, C. Combi, M. R. Cravens, T. E. Gombosi, T. I. Jia, Y.-D. Robertson, I. P. TI The plasma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko throughout the Rosetta main mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE comet; huryumov-Gerasimenko; plasma; hybrid simulation; MHD simulation ID HYBRID SIMULATION CODES; MULTISCALE MHD MODEL; P GRIGG-SKJELLERUP; SOLAR-WIND; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; PICKUP IONS; HALLEY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; CHEMISTRY; SHOCKS AB The plasma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the Rosetta mission target comet, is explored over a range of heliocentric distances throughout the mission: 3.25 AU (Rosetta instruments on), 2.7 AU (Lander down), 2.0 AU, and 1.3 AU (perihelion). Because of the large range of gas production rates, we have used both a fluid-based magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model as well as a semi-kinetic hybrid particle model to study the plasma distribution. We describe the variation in plasma environs over the mission as well as the differences between the two modeling approaches under different conditions. In addition, we present results from a field aligned, two-stream transport electron model of the suprathermal electron flux when the comet is near perihelion. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Theoret Phys, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Hansen, KC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kenhan@umich.edu RI Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Hansen, Kenneth/F-3693-2011; Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012 OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Hansen, Kenneth/0000-0002-8502-1980; Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078 NR 40 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9142-6 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185RQ UT WOS:000247728500006 ER PT J AU Kofman, W Herique, A Goutail, JP Hagfors, T Williams, IP Nielsen, E Barriot, JP Barbin, Y Elachi, C Edenhofer, P Levasseur-Regourd, AC Plettemeier, D Picardi, G Seu, R Svedhem, V AF Kofman, W. Herique, A. Goutail, J.-P. Hagfors, T. Williams, I. P. Nielsen, E. Barriot, J.-P. Barbin, Y. Elachi, C. Edenhofer, P. Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C. Plettemeier, D. Picardi, G. Seu, R. Svedhem, V. TI The comet nucleus sounding experiment by radiowave transmission (CONSERT): A short description of the instrument and of the commissioning stages SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE rosetta; radio tomography; cometary interior AB The primary scientific goal of the CONSERT experiment on the Rosetta space mission is to investigate the deep interior of the nucleus of comet 67/P Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This will be achieved through the use of long wavelength radio-waves, transmitted from the orbiter and returned from the lander. In this overview, a description of the instrument is presented together with a brief description of the experiment. Some important results from the tests carried out during the commissioning phase and results from a trial run in the French Alps on the temperate glacier near Argentiere are also described. During these latter tests we installed the CONSERT Lander in a tunnel under the glacier while the CONSERT Orbiter was moved along the surface. The signals received showed that the experiment is working satisfactorily. References are also provided to articles that contain a more detailed description of the instrument capabilities and in-depth analysis of the potential scientific outcome. C1 Lab Planetol Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, UMR 7620, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Sud Toulon Var, LSET, F-83957 La Garde, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst High Frequency Tech, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. INFOCOM, I-00184 Rome, Italy. ESA, Estec, NL-2200 Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Kofman, W (reprint author), Lab Planetol Grenoble, Batiment D Phys,BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM wlodek.kofman@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Kofman, Wlodek/C-4556-2008; Herique, Alain/E-7210-2017; OI Herique, Alain/0000-0003-3699-883X; Williams, Iwan Prys/0000-0002-8069-1344 NR 11 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 413 EP 432 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9034-9 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185RQ UT WOS:000247728500019 ER PT J AU Coradini, A Capaccioni, F Drossart, P Arnold, G Ammannito, E Angrilli, F Barucci, A Bellucci, G Benkhoff, J Bianchini, G Bibring, JP Blecka, M Bockelee-Morvan, D Capria, MT Carlson, R Carsenty, U Cerroni, P Colangeli, L Combes, M Combi, M Crovisier, J Desanctis, MC Encrenaz, ET Erard, S Federico, C Filacchione, G Fink, U Fonti, S Formisano, V Ip, WH Jaumann, R Kuehrt, E Langevin, Y Magni, G Mccord, T Mennella, V Mottola, S Neukum, G Palumbo, P Piccioni, G Rauer, H Saggin, B Schmitt, B Tiphene, D Tozzi, G AF Coradini, A. Capaccioni, F. Drossart, P. Arnold, G. Ammannito, E. Angrilli, F. Barucci, A. Bellucci, G. Benkhoff, J. Bianchini, G. Bibring, J. P. Blecka, M. Bockelee-Morvan, D. Capria, M. T. Carlson, R. Carsenty, U. Cerroni, P. Colangeli, L. Combes, M. Combi, M. Crovisier, J. Desanctis, M. C. Encrenaz, E. T. Erard, S. Federico, C. Filacchione, G. Fink, U. Fonti, S. Formisano, V. Ip, W. H. Jaumann, R. Kuehrt, E. Langevin, Y. Magni, G. Mccord, T. Mennella, V. Mottola, S. Neukum, G. Palumbo, P. Piccioni, G. Rauer, H. Saggin, B. Schmitt, B. Tiphene, D. Tozzi, G. TI VIRTIS: An imaging spectrometer for the Rosetta mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE comets; spectroscopy; space missions ID THERMAL EVOLUTION; DUST PRODUCTION; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS; COMA MORPHOLOGY; B2 HYAKUTAKE; KUIPER-BELT; MU-M; COMETS; WATER; 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO AB The VIRTIS (Visual IR Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) experiment has been one of the most successful experiments built in Europe for Planetary Exploration. VIRTIS, developed in cooperation among Italy, France and Germany, has been already selected as a key experiment for 3 planetary missions: the ESA-Rosetta and Venus Express and NASA-Dawn. VIRTIS on board Rosetta and Venus Express are already producing high quality data: as far as Rosetta is concerned, the Earth-Moon system has been successfully observed during the Earth Swing-By manouver (March 2005) and furthermore, VIRTIS will collect data when Rosetta flies by Mars in February 2007 at a distance of about 200 kilometres from the planet. Data from the Rosetta mission will result in a comparison - using the same combination of sophisticated experiments - of targets that are poorly differentiated and are representative of the composition of different environment of the primordial solar system. Comets and asteroids, in fact, are in close relationship with the planetesimals, which formed from the solar nebula 4.6 billion years ago. The Rosetta mission payload is designed to obtain this information combining in situ analysis of comet material, obtained by the small lander Philae, and by a long lasting and detailed remote sensing of the comet, obtained by instrument on board the orbiting Spacecraft. The combination of remote sensing and in situ measurements will increase the scientific return of the mission. In fact, the "in situ" measurements will provide "ground-truth" for the remote sensing information, and, in turn, the locally collected data will be interpreted in the appropriate context provided by the remote sensing investigation. VIRTIS is part of the scientific payload of the Rosetta Orbiter and will detect and characterise the evolution of specific signatures - such as the typical spectral bands of minerals and molecules - arising from surface components and from materials dispersed in the coma. The identification of spectral features is a primary goal of the Rosetta mission as it will allow identification of the nature of the main constituent of the comets. Moreover, the surface thermal evolution during comet approach to sun will be also studied. C1 Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosmica, INAF, Rome, Italy. Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Observ Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France. DLR, Berlin, Germany. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan, Padua, Italy. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatial, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw, Poland. NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. MPI, Katlenburg, Germany. RP Capaccioni, F (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosmica, INAF, Rome, Italy. EM fabrizio.capaccioni@iasf-roma.inaf.it RI Schmitt, Bernard/A-1064-2009; Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/G-5232-2013; OI Tozzi, Gian Paolo/0000-0003-4775-5788; Schmitt, Bernard/0000-0002-1230-6627; Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; saggin, bortolino/0000-0002-4033-3585; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-3463-4437; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Piccioni, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7893-6808 NR 43 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 529 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9127-5 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185RQ UT WOS:000247728500022 ER PT J AU Gulkis, S Frerking, M Crovisier, J Beaudin, G Hartogh, P Encrenaz, P Koch, T Kahn, C Salinas, Y Nowicki, R Irigoyen, R Janssen, M Stek, P Hofstadter, M Allen, M Backus, C Kamp, L Jarchow, C Steinmetz, E Deschamps, A Krieg, J Gheudin, M Bockelee-Morvan, D Biver, N Encrenaz, T Despois, D Ip, W Lellouch, E Mann, I Muhleman, D Rauer, H Schloerb, R Spilkeri, T AF Gulkis, S. Frerking, M. Crovisier, J. Beaudin, G. Hartogh, P. Encrenaz, P. Koch, T. Kahn, C. Salinas, Y. Nowicki, R. Irigoyen, R. Janssen, M. Stek, P. Hofstadter, M. Allen, M. Backus, C. Kamp, L. Jarchow, C. Steinmetz, E. Deschamps, A. Krieg, J. Gheudin, M. Bockelee-Morvan, D. Biver, N. Encrenaz, T. Despois, D. Ip, W. Lellouch, E. Mann, I. Muhleman, D. Rauer, H. Schloerb, R. Spilkeri, T. TI MIRO: Microwave instrument for rosetta orbiter SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE comets; MIRO; Rosetta; submillimeter spectroscopy; spacecraft instruments AB The European Space Agency Rosetta Spacecraft, launched on March 2,2004 toward Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, carries a relatively small and lightweight millimeter-submillimeter spectrometer instrument, the first of its kind launched into deep space. The instrument will be used to study the evolution of outgassing water and other molecules from the target comet as a function of heliocentric distance. During flybys of the asteroids (2867) Steins and (21) Lutetia in 2008 and 2010 respectively. the instrument will measure thermal emission and search for water vapor in the vicinity of these asteroids. The instrument, named MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter), consists of a 30-cm diameter, offset parabolic reflector telescope followed by two heterodyne receivers. Center-band operating frequencies of the receivers are near 190 GHz (1.6 mm) and 562 GHz (0.5 mm). Broadband continuum channels are implemented in both frequency hands for the measurement of near surface temperatures and temperature gradients in Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and the asteroids (2867) Steins and (21) Lutetia. A 4096 channel CTS (Chirp Transform Spectrometer) spectrometer having 180MHz total bandwidth and 44kHz resolution is, in addition to the continuum channel, connected to the submillimeter receiver. The submillimeter radiometer/spectrometer is fixed tuned to measure four volatile species -CO, CH3OH, NH3 and three, oxygen-related isotopologues of water, (H2O)-O-16, (H2O)-O-17 and (H2O)-O-18. The basic quantities measured with the MIRO instrument are surface temperature, gas production rates and relative abundances, and velocity and excitation temperature of each species, along with their spatial and temporal variability. This paper provides a short discussion of the scientific objectives of the investigation, and a detailed discussion of the MIRO instrument system. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Observ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. Univ Munster, D-4400 Munster, Germany. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. DLR, Inst Plantenerkundung, Berlin, Germany. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Gulkis, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM samuel.gulkis@ipl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 561 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9032-y PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185RQ UT WOS:000247728500023 ER PT J AU Patzold, M Hausler, B Aksnes, K Anderson, JD Asmar, SW Barriot, JP Bird, MK Boehnhardt, H Eidel, W Grun, E Ip, WH Marouf, E Morley, T Neubauer, FM Rickman, H Thomas, N Tsurutani, BT Wallis, MK Wickramasinghe, NC Mysen, E Olson, O Remus, S Tellmann, S Andert, T Carone, L Fels, M Stanzel, C Audenrieth-Kersten, I Gahr, A Muller, AL Stupar, D Walter, C AF Paetzold, Martin Haeusler, Bernd Aksnes, Kaare Anderson, John D. Asmar, Sami W. Barriot, Jean-Pierre Bird, Michael K. Boehnhardt, Hermann Eidel, Werner Gruen, Eberhardt Ip, Wing H. Marouf, Essam Morley, Trevor Neubauer, Fritz M. Rickman, Hans Thomas, Nicolas Tsurutani, Bruce T. Wallis, Max K. Wickramasinghe, N. C. Mysen, Eirik Olson, Oystein Remus, Stefan Tellmann, Silvia Andert, Thomas Carone, Ludmila Fels, Markus Stanzel, Christina Audenrieth-Kersten, Iris Gahr, Alexander Mueller, Anna-Liane Stupar, Dusan Walter, Christina TI Rosetta Radio Science Investigations (RSI) SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Rosetta; comets; 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko; radio-science ID INNER DUST COMA; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; GRAVITY-FIELD; SATURNS RINGS; ULYSSES SPACECRAFT; GIOTTO SPACECRAFT; NUCLEUS; MISSION; OCCULTATION; MASS AB The Rosetta spacecraft has been successfully launched on 2nd March 2004 to its new target comet 67 P/Churyurnov-Gerasimenko. The science objectives of the Rosetta Radio Science Investigations (RSI) experiment address fundamental aspects of cometary physics such as the mass and bulk density of the nucleus, its gravity field, its interplanetary orbit perturbed by nongravitational forces, its size and shape, its internal structure, the composition and roughness of the nucleus surface, the abundance of large dust grains, the plasma content in the coma and the combined dust and gas mass flux. The masses of two asteroids, Steins and Lutetia, shall be determined during flybys in 2008 and 2010. respectively. Secondary objectives are the radio sounding of the solar corona during the superior conjunctions of the spacecraft with the Sun during the cruise phase. The radio carrier links of the spacecraft Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) subsystem between the orbiter and the Earth will be used for these investigations. An Ultrastable oscillator (USO) connected to both transponders of the radio subsystem serves as a stable frequency reference source for both radio downlinks at X-band (8.4 GHz) and S-band (2.3 GHz) in the one-way mode. The Simultaneous and coherent dual-frequency downlinks via the High Gain Antenna (HGA) permit separation of contributions from the classical Doppler shift and the dispersive media effects caused by the motion of the spacecraft with respect to the Earth and the propagation of the signals through the dispersive media, respectively. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-5000 Cologne, Germany. Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Inst Raumfahrttech, Neubiberg, Germany. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Oslo, Norway. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CNES, GRGS, GTP, Toulouse, France. Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Astron Inst, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. San Jose State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. ESA, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Uppsala, Astron Observ, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Math, Cardiff, Wales. RP Patzold, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-5000 Cologne, Germany. EM paetzold@geo.uni-koeln.de OI Carone, Ludmila/0000-0001-9355-3752 NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 599 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9117-7 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185RQ UT WOS:000247728500024 ER PT J AU Glassmeier, KH Richter, I Diedrich, A Musmann, G Auster, U Motschmann, U Balogh, A Carr, C Cupido, E Coates, A Rother, M Schwingenschuh, K Szego, K Tsurutani, B AF Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz Richter, Ingo Diedrich, Andrea Musmann, Guenter Auster, Uli Motschmann, Uwe Balogh, Andre Carr, Chris Cupido, Emanuele Coates, Andrew Rother, Martin Schwingenschuh, Konrad Szegoe, Karoly Tsurutani, Bruce TI RPC-MAG - The fluxgate magnetometer in the ROSETTA plasma consortium SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE comet; solar wind; plasma; fluxgate magnetometer; ROSETTA ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; GIACOBINI-ZINNER; COMET HALLEY; BOUNDARIES; WAVES; MODEL; TAIL AB The fluxgate magnetometer experiment onboard the ROSETTA spacecraft aims to measure the magnetic field in the interaction region of the solar wind plasma with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It consists of a system of two ultra light (about 28 g each) triaxial fluxgate magnetometer sensors, mounted on the 1.5 m long spacecraft boom. The measurement range of each sensor is +/- 16384 nT with quantization steps of 31 pT. The magnetometer sensors are operated with a time resolution of up to 0.05 s, corresponding to a bandwidth of 0-10 Hz. This performance of the RPC-MAG sensors allows detailed analyses of magnetic field variations in the cometary environment. RPC-MAG furthermore is designed to study possible remnant magnetic fields of the nucleus, measurements which will be done in close cooperation with the ROSETTA lander magnetometer experiment ROMAP. C1 Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. GeoFroschungsZentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. Inst Weltraumforsch, Graz, Austria. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Glassmeier, KH (reprint author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. EM kh.glassmeier@tu-braunschweig.de RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008 OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125 NR 40 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 649 EP 670 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9114-x PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185RQ UT WOS:000247728500026 ER PT S AU Nagano, H Ku, J AF Nagano, Hosei Ku, Jentung BE ElGenk, MS TI Gravity effect on capillary limit in a miniature loop heat pipe with multiple evaporators and multiple condensers SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE loop heat pipe; two-phase; spacecraft thermal control; multiple evaporators and condensers; gravity effect; capillary limit AB This paper describes the gravity effect on heat transport characteristics in a miniature loop heat pipe with multiple evaporators and multiple condensers. Tests were conducted in three different orientations: horizontal, 45deg tilt, and vertical. The gravity affected the loop's natural operating temperature, the maximum heat transport capability, and the thermal conductance. In the case that temperatures of compensation chambers were actively controlled, the required control hatter power was also dependent on the test configuration. In the vertical configuration, the secondary wick was not able to pump the liquid from the CC to the evaporator against the gravity. Thus, the loop could operate stably or display some peculiar behaviors depending on the initial liquid distribution between the evaporator and the CC. Because such an initial condition was not known prior to the test, the subsequent loop performance was unpredictable. C1 [Nagano, Hosei] JAXA, ISAS, NASA Visiting Res, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ku, Jentung] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nagano, H (reprint author), JAXA, ISAS, NASA Visiting Res, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500001 ER PT S AU Gaier, JR Jaworske, DA AF Gaier, James R. Jaworske, Donald A. BE ElGenk, MS TI Lunar dust on heat rejection system surfaces: Problems and prospects SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE heat rejection systems; thermal control surfaces; optical properties; lunar dust AB Heat rejection from power systems will be necessary for human and robotic activity on the lunar surface. Functional operation of such heat rejection systems is at risk of degradation as a consequence of dust accumulation. The Apollo astronauts encountered marked degradation of performance in heat rejection systems for the lunar roving vehicle, science packages, and other components. Although ground testing of dust mitigation concepts in support of the Apollo mission identified candidate mitigation tools, the brush concept adopted by the Apollo astronauts proved essentially ineffective. A better understanding of the issues associated with the impact of lunar dust on the functional performance of heat rejection systems and its removal is needed as planning gets underway for human and robotic missions to the Moon. Renewed emphasis must also be placed on ground testing of pristine and dust-covered heat rejection system surfaces to quantify degradation and address mitigation concepts. This paper presents a review of the degradation of heat rejection systems encountered on the lunar surface to-date, and discusses current activities underway to evaluate the durability of candidate heat rejection system surfaces and current dust mitigation concepts. C1 [Gaier, James R.; Jaworske, Donald A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Gaier, JR (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM James.R.Gaier@.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 27 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500004 ER EF