FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT S
AU Go, S
Mathias, DL
Nejad, HS
AF Go, Susie
Mathias, Donovan L.
Nejad, Hamed S.
GP IEEE
TI Integrated Risk Sensitivity Study for Lunar Surface Systems
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium
on Product Quality and Integrity
CY JAN 25-28, 2010
CL San Jose, CA
SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS
DE Reliability; Risk Analysis; Monte Carlo Simulation
AB This paper illustrates an innovative approach to assessing the reliability of conceptual Lunar Surface Systems architectures using an integrated analysis model. The integrated model represents systems, dependencies, and interactions to develop risk-based reliability requirements that balance functional characteristics, needs, demands, and constraints to achieve availability goals. The model utilizes "availability" metrics based on first-order descriptions of the architecture to begin providing reliability impacts even before much design detail exists. Sensitivity analyses are performed to identify key risk parameters and find "knees" in the curve for establishment of system architecture- and element-level requirements.
C1 [Go, Susie; Mathias, Donovan L.; Nejad, Hamed S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Go, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Susie.Go@nasa.gov; Donovan.L.Mathias@nasa.gov; Hamed.Nejad@nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-5103-6
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2010
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BTL33
UT WOS:000287207000060
ER
PT S
AU Manning, TA
Lawrence, SL
Nejad, HS
Gee, K
AF Manning, Ted A.
Lawrence, Scott L.
Nejad, Hamed S.
Gee, Ken
GP IEEE
TI Intermediate Failure States in Simulation-Based Launch Vehicle Risk
Study
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium
on Product Quality and Integrity
CY JAN 25-28, 2010
CL San Jose, CA
SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS
DE Space launch vehicle; launch abort; risk analysis framework
AB A framework for representing intermediate failure states in an assessment of abort risk during the ascent phase of a crewed space launch vehicle mission is presented. The framework refines a previously established, simulation-based risk assessment approach (Ref. 1) by improving the characterization of vehicle failure prior to the onset of final, potentially catastrophic "loss of crew" (LOC) hazards through the introduction of system-level "loss of mission" (LOM) failure states, or "LOM environments." The intermediate failure state framework is found to improve the risk analysis with respect to both risk model fidelity and risk model management. While LOM environments primarily provide an incremental point of reference for failure evolution modeling and refinement, they also serve to consolidate the risk analysis in late failure evolution and thereby reduce overall analysis effort. Ultimately, the logical boundary in failure event sequences formed by LOM environments is found to effectively delineate areas of failure analysis responsibility between the teams that provide inputs to the risk assessment, and furthermore, define the data interface between those teams. The merits of this framework are illustrated in a case study concerning the treatment of upper stage liquid fuel engine failures.
C1 [Manning, Ted A.; Lawrence, Scott L.; Gee, Ken] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Nejad, Hamed S.] ELORET Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA.
RP Manning, TA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Ted.A.Manning@nasa.gov; Scott.L.Lawrence@nasa.gov; Hamed.Nejad@nasa.gov;
Ken.Gee-1@nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-5103-6
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2010
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BTL33
UT WOS:000287207000054
ER
PT S
AU Miller, I
Zampino, E
Pai, SS
Nagpal, V
AF Miller, Ian
Zampino, Edward
Pai, Shantaram S.
Nagpal, Vinod
GP IEEE
TI Potential application of FORM and SORM for PRA
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium
on Product Quality and Integrity
CY JAN 25-28, 2010
CL San Jose, CA
SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS
DE First Order Reliability Method (FORM); Second Order Reliability Method
(SORM); Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA)
AB The focus of this paper is two-fold: 1) a discussion of a process by which a probabilistic risk assessments (PRA) system model is used to direct a multi-disciplinary development project. 2) Under this framework, a potential technique for the application of the First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) and Second-Order Reliability Method (SORM) to provide probabilistic failure data for PRA of structural systems. Technique 2) is an elaboration of the analysis techniques described in chapter 14 of [1]. Specifically, the technique relies on the concept of the limit state function in conjunction with varying levels of model fidelity, sound engineering judgment, and expert opinion. This methodology is complementary to the Response Surface Method presented in [2] and is best utilized during the conceptual or preliminary stages of a design project. This technique is beneficial when reliability data is not readily available and/or one is constrained by aggressive development schedules. As the design matures, the events in the system event tree can be systematically re-defined by a process that uses the results of refined physics-based models.
C1 [Miller, Ian; Nagpal, Vinod] N&R Engn & Management Serv, 6659 Pearl Rd,Suite 400, Parma Hts, OH 44130 USA.
[Zampino, Edward] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Program & Project Assurance Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Pai, Shantaram S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Miller, I (reprint author), N&R Engn & Management Serv, 6659 Pearl Rd,Suite 400, Parma Hts, OH 44130 USA.
EM imiller@nrengineering.com; Edward.J.Zampino@nasa.gov;
vnagpal@nrengineering.com
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-5103-6
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2010
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BTL33
UT WOS:000287207000058
ER
PT S
AU Shi, Y
Kalia, P
Evans, J
DiVenti, A
AF Shi, Ying
Kalia, Prince
Evans, John
DiVenti, Anthony
GP IEEE
TI An Integrated Life Cycle-based Software Reliability Assurance Approach
for NASA Projects
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium
on Product Quality and Integrity
CY JAN 25-28, 2010
CL San Jose, CA
SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS
DE Software Reliability; Fault Tolerance; Integrated System Health
Management; Fault Detection; Isolation and Recovery
AB This paper proposes a software reliability assurance approach for NASA projects. The approach provides a success road-map of integrated system risk management from early development phases for timely identification of valued proactive improvement on software while striving for achieving mission reliability goals. The informed decision making process throughout the life cycle is supported to ensure successful deployment of the system.
C1 [Shi, Ying] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ManTech SRS Technol, Code 322, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kalia, Prince; Evans, John; DiVenti, Anthony] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 322, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Shi, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ManTech SRS Technol, Code 322, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM ying.shi@nasa.gov; prince.kalia@nasa.gov; john.winton.evans@nasa.gov;
anthony.j.diventi@nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-5103-6
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2010
PG 7
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BTL33
UT WOS:000287207000062
ER
PT S
AU Seager, S
Deming, D
AF Seager, Sara
Deming, Drake
BE Blandford, R
Faber, SM
VanDishoeck, E
Kormendy, J
TI Exoplanet Atmospheres
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 48
SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE biosignatures; infrared observations; radiative transfer
ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; INFRARED-EMISSION
SPECTRUM; SECONDARY ECLIPSE PHOTOMETRY; ORBITING M-DWARFS; LOW-MASS
STAR; HD 189733B; THERMAL EMISSION; HOT JUPITERS; BROWN DWARF
AB At the dawn of the first discovery of exoplanets orbiting Sun-like stars in the mid-1990s, few believed that observations of exoplanet atmospheres would ever be possible. After the 2002 Hubble Space Telescope detection of a transiting exoplanet atmosphere, many skeptics discounted it as a one-object, one-method success. Nevertheless, the field is now firmly established, with over two dozen exoplanet atmospheres observed today. Hot Jupiters are the type of exoplanet currently most amenable to study. Highlights include: detection of molecular spectral feature:;, observation of day-night temperature gradients, and constraints on verticil atmospheric structure. Atmospheres of giant planets far from their host stars are also being studied with direct imaging. The ultimate exoplanet goal is to answer the enigmatic and ancient question, "Are we alone?" via detection of atmospheric biosignatures. Two exciting prospects are the immediate focus on transiting super Earths orbiting in the habitable zone of M-dwarfs, and ultimately the spaceborne direct imaging of true Earth analogs.
C1 [Seager, Sara] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Deming, Drake] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Seager, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM seager@mit.edu; Leo.D.Deming@nasa.gov
NR 174
TC 148
Z9 150
U1 14
U2 73
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 0066-4146
BN 978-0-8243-0948-0
J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR
JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
PY 2010
VL 48
BP 631
EP 672
DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-081309-130837
PG 42
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BRK23
UT WOS:000282902900016
ER
PT S
AU Toon, OB
Segura, T
Zahnle, K
AF Toon, Owen B.
Segura, Teresa
Zahnle, Kevin
BE Jeanloz, R
Freeman, KH
TI The Formation of Martian River Valleys by Impacts
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 38
SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE Mars; climate change; greenhouse; erosion; rainfall
ID EARLY MARS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EVOLUTION; CRATERS; WATER;
CONSTRAINTS; GULLIES; MODELS; ROCKS
AB We explore the role of large impacts in creating the Martian valley networks. Recent dating shows that some large impact basins are contemporaneous with the valley networks. The mass deposited (and volatiles released) by impacts is large, and comparable with the mass from the Tharsis volcanic construct. Steam atmospheres formed after large impacts can produce more than 600 m of rainfall, followed by rainfall from water-vapor greenhouse atmospheres, and snowmelt. The erosion rates from impacts that created the currently visible craters are somewhat less than the erosion rates suggested for the Noachian (4.2 to 3.82 Gya). There are several possible explanations for this difference, and it is possible that erosion rates are overestimated because the burial of small craters by global debris layers from impacts has not been considered. Rainfall after the Noachian was low because the impact rate and CO2 pressure declined. We suggest tests of the hypothesis that impacts caused the river valleys.
C1 [Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Segura, Teresa] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Civil Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Zahnle, Kevin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Toon, OB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM toon@lasp.colorado.edu; Teresa.Segura@ngc.com; kzahnle@mail.arc.nasa.gov
NR 47
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 8
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 0084-6597
BN 978-0-8243-2038-6
J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC
JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.
PY 2010
VL 38
BP 303
EP 322
DI 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152354
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BPF37
UT WOS:000278757100012
ER
PT J
AU Corke, TC
Enloe, CL
Wilkinson, SP
AF Corke, Thomas C.
Enloe, C. Lon
Wilkinson, Stephen P.
TI Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Flow Control
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS
SE Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE aerodynamic control; ionized gasses; body force
ID PRESSURE TURBINE-BLADES; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GLOW-DISCHARGE;
SEPARATION CONTROL; SLIDING DISCHARGE; AIR; NITROGEN; SURFACE;
MECHANISMS; RESPONSES
AB The term plasma actuator has now been a part of the fluid dynamics flow-control vernacular for more than a decade. A particular type of plasma actuator that has gained wide use is based on a single-dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) mechanism that has desirable features for use in air at atmospheric pressures. For these actuators, the mechanism of flow control is through a generated body-force vector field that couples with the momentum in the external flow. The body force can be derived from first principles, and the effect of plasma actuators can be easily incorporated into flow solvers so that their placement and operation can be optimized. They have been used in a wide range of internal and external flow applications. Although initially considered useful only at low speeds, plasma actuators are effective in a number of applications at high subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers, owing largely to more optimized actuator designs that were developed through better understanding and modeling of the actuator physics. New applications continue to appear through a growing number of programs in the United States, Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Russia, Australia, Japan, and China. This review provides an overview of the physics and modeling of SDBD plasma actuators. It highlights some of the capabilities of plasma actuators through examples from experiments and simulations.
C1 [Corke, Thomas C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Enloe, C. Lon] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA.
[Wilkinson, Stephen P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Corke, TC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
EM tcorke@nd.edu
NR 106
TC 263
Z9 288
U1 20
U2 113
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 0066-4189
J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH
JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
PY 2010
VL 42
BP 505
EP 529
DI 10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145550
PG 25
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 550DG
UT WOS:000274107900021
ER
PT S
AU Centrella, J
Baker, JG
Kelly, BJ
van Meter, JR
AF Centrella, Joan
Baker, John G.
Kelly, Bernard J.
van Meter, James R.
BE Holstein, BR
Haxton, WC
Jawahery, A
TI The Final Merger of Black-Hole Binaries
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 60
SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE black holes; gravitational waves; numerical relativity
ID WAVE STANDARD SIRENS; NUMERICAL RELATIVITY; GRAVITATIONAL RECOIL;
INITIAL DATA; RADIATION RECOIL; COMPACT OBJECTS; MODELING KICKS;
EVOLUTION; SPIN; ACCRETION
AB Recent breakthroughs in the field of numerical relativity have led to dramatic progress in understanding the predictions of general relativity for the dynamical interactions of two black holes in the regime of very strong gravitational fields. Such black-hole binaries are important astrophysical systems and are a key target of current and developing gravitational-wave detectors. The waveform signature of strong gravitational radiation emitted as the black holes fall together and merge provides a clear, observable record of the process. After decades of slow progress, these mergers and the gravitational-wave signals they generate can now be routinely calculated using the methods of numerical relativity. We review recent advances in understanding the predicted physics of events and the consequent radiation and discuss some of the impacts of this new knowledge in various areas of astrophysics.
C1 [Centrella, Joan; Baker, John G.; Kelly, Bernard J.; van Meter, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kelly, Bernard J.; van Meter, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kelly, Bernard J.; van Meter, James R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Centrella, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Joan.M.Centrella@nasa.gov; John.G.Baker@nasa.gov;
Bernard.J.Kelly@nasa.gov; James.R.vanMeter@nasa.gov
RI van meter, james/E-7893-2011; Kelly, Bernard/G-7371-2011;
OI Kelly, Bernard/0000-0002-3326-4454
NR 150
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 6
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 0163-8998
BN 978-0-8243-1560-3
J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S
JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.
PY 2010
VL 60
BP 75
EP 100
DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.010909.083246
PG 26
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BSX34
UT WOS:000286042800004
ER
PT S
AU Schumann, J
Gupta, P
Liu, Y
AF Schumann, Johann
Gupta, Pramod
Liu, Yan
BE Schumann, J
Liu, Y
TI Application of Neural Networks in High Assurance Systems: A Survey
SO APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS
SE Studies in Computational Intelligence
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are employed in many areas of industry such as pattern recognition, robotics, controls, medicine, and defence. Their learning and generalization capabilities make them highly desirable solutions for complex problems. However, they are commonly perceived as black boxes since their behavior is typically scattered around its elements with little meaning to an observer. The primary concern in safety critical systems development and assurance is the identification and management of hazards. The application of neural networks in systems where their failure can result in loss of life or property must be backed up with techniques to minimize these undesirable effects. Furthermore, to meet the requirements of many statutory bodies such as FAA, such a system must be certified. There is a growing concern in validation of such learning paradigms as continual changes induce uncertainty that limits the applicability of conventional validation techniques to assure a reliable system performance. In this paper, we survey the application of neural networks in high assurance systems that have emerged in various fields, which include flight control, chemical engineering, power plants, automotive control, medical systems, and other systems that require autonomy. More importantly, we provide an overview of assurance issues and challenges with the neural network model based control scheme. Methods and approaches that have been proposed to validate the performance of the neural networks are outlined and discussed after a comparative examination.
C1 [Schumann, Johann] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Gupta, Pramod] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Liu, Yan] Motorola Inc, Motorola Labs, Schaumburg, IL 60196 USA.
RP Schumann, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS USRA, M-S 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Johann.M.Schumann@nasa.gov; Pramod.Gupta-1@nasa.gov; yanliu@motorola.com
NR 57
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1860-949X
BN 978-3-642-10689-7
J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL
PY 2010
VL 268
BP 1
EP 19
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10690-3
PG 19
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering,
Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BNX51
UT WOS:000275823200001
ER
PT S
AU Nguyen, NT
Jacklin, SA
AF Nguyen, Nhan T.
Jacklin, Stephen A.
BE Schumann, J
Liu, Y
TI Stability, Convergence, and Verification and Validation Challenges of
Neural Net Adaptive Flight Control
SO APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS
SE Studies in Computational Intelligence
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB This paper provides a discussion of challenges of neural net adaptive flight control and an examination of stability and convergence issues of adaptive control algorithms. Understanding stability and convergence issues with adaptive control is important in order to advance adaptive control to a higher technology readiness level. The stability and convergence of neural net learning law are investigated. The effect of unmodeled dynamics on learning law is examined. Potential improvements in the learning law and adaptive control architecture based on optimal estimation are presented. The paper provides a brief summary of the future research of the Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control (IRAC) in the area of adaptive flight control. The paper also discusses challenges and future research in verification and validation.
C1 [Nguyen, Nhan T.; Jacklin, Stephen A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Nguyen, NT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Nhan.T.Nguyen@nasa.gov; Stephen.A.Jacklin@nasa.gov
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1860-949X
BN 978-3-642-10689-7
J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL
PY 2010
VL 268
BP 77
EP 110
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10690-3
PG 34
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering,
Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BNX51
UT WOS:000275823200005
ER
PT S
AU Newman, N
AF Newman, Neal
BE Bainum, PM
Misra, AK
Morita, Y
Chi, Z
TI ADVANCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE EXPLORATION
SO APPLICATIONS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMANITY
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Space Conference of Pacific-basin Societies (ISCOPS)
CY JUL 27-30, 2010
CL Montreal, CANADA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Chinese Soc Astronaut, Japanese Rocket Soc
C1 NASA, Off Int & Integrat Relat, Washington, DC USA.
RP Newman, N (reprint author), NASA, Off Int & Integrat Relat, Washington, DC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-562-6
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 138
BP 43
EP 49
PG 7
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BDA19
UT WOS:000312276400003
ER
PT S
AU Vilnrotter, V
Andrews, K
Tkacenko, A
Hamkins, J
AF Vilnrotter, V.
Andrews, K.
Tkacenko, A.
Hamkins, J.
BE Bainum, PM
Misra, AK
Morita, Y
Chi, Z
TI OPTIMAL ESTIMATORS OF DOPPLER AND DELAY FOR DEEP-SPACE NAVIGATION
APPLICATIONS
SO APPLICATIONS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMANITY
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Space Conference of Pacific-basin Societies (ISCOPS)
CY JUL 27-30, 2010
CL Montreal, CANADA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Chinese Soc Astronaut, Japanese Rocket Soc
AB Deep-space navigation uses estimates of range and Doppler to update and improve spacecraft trajectory solutions. However, the transmission of tones or PN sequences drain power and bandwidth that could be better used for transmitting additional science data from the spacecraft. Our scheme uses a conventional uplink ranging signal, but the downlink is replaced with an asynchronous telemetry signal whose timing relative to the acquired uplink signal is measured. This measurement, along with the acquired timing of the received telemetry, enables the round-trip light-time to be computed on the ground. In this paper, the structure of the joint maximum likelihood estimator for range and Doppler is derived, and its performance determined relative to Cramer-Rao bounds via simulation and analysis. Performance of individual frequency estimators based on conventional Costas loop phase estimates where the delay is assumed to be known, and of delay-tracking loops that assume known frequency and phase are also derived, and contrasted with the performance of the optimum Doppler-delay estimator. Advantages of this new approach include the ability to simultaneously collect ranging measurements and transmit the highest supported telemetry rate throughout the pass, and compatibility with suppressed carrier signaling and higher order modulations. This approach could result in significant additional ranging data and total data volume return for future missions.
C1 [Vilnrotter, V.; Andrews, K.; Tkacenko, A.; Hamkins, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Vilnrotter, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Victor.A.Vilnrotter@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-562-6
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 138
BP 387
EP 398
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BDA19
UT WOS:000312276400034
ER
PT J
AU Ingram, GW
Richards, WJ
Lamkin, JT
Muhling, B
AF Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.
Richards, William J.
Lamkin, John T.
Muhling, Barbara
TI Annual indices of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) larvae in the
Gulf of Mexico developed using delta-lognormal and multivariate models
SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Mathematical models; Multivariate analysis; Fish larvae; Atlantic Ocean
ID BINOMIAL REGRESSION; ZERO; ABUNDANCE
AB Fishery independent indices of spawning biomass of Atlantic bluefin tuna in western North Atlantic Ocean are presented which utilize National Marine Fisheries Service ichthyoplankton survey data collected from 1977 through 2007 in the Gulf of Mexico. Indices were developed using similarly standardized data from which previous indices were developed (i.e. abundance of larvae with a first daily otolith increment formed per 100 m(2) of water sampled with bongo gear). Indices were also developed for the first time from standardized data collected with neuston gear [i.e. abundance of 5-mm larvae (i. e. seven-day-old larvae) per 10 minute tow]. Indices of larval abundance were developed using delta-lognormal models, including following covariates: time of day, time of month, area sampled and year. Due to the large frequency of zero catches during ichthyoplankton surveys, a zero-inflated delta-lognormal approach was also used to develop indices. Finally, a multivariate delta-lognormal approach was employed to develop indices of annual abundance based on both bongo and neuston catches. The results of these approaches were compared with one another and with other indices of larval abundance previously developed for the Gulf ofMexico. Residual analyses indicated that abundance indices of Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae were more appropriately developed from bongo-collected data through the zero-inflated delta-lognormal approach than other data sets and modeling approaches. Also, when modeling bongo-collected data with the zero-inflated delta-lognormal approach, the index values increased, indicating some correction for zero-inflation, and their variability decreased as compared to indices developed with the delta-lognormal approach.
C1 [Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
[Richards, William J.; Lamkin, John T.; Muhling, Barbara] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources & Biodivers Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Ingram, GW (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
EM Walter.Ingram@noaa.gov
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 6
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0990-7440
J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR
JI Aquat. Living Resour.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 1
BP 35
EP 47
DI 10.1051/alr/2009053
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 571QX
UT WOS:000275770700004
ER
PT J
AU Berman-Kowalewski, M
Gulland, FMD
Wilkin, S
Calambokidis, J
Mate, B
Cordaro, J
Rotstein, D
Leger, JS
Collins, P
Fahy, K
Dover, S
AF Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle
Gulland, Frances M. D.
Wilkin, Sarah
Calambokidis, John
Mate, Bruce
Cordaro, Joe
Rotstein, Dave
Leger, Judy St.
Collins, Paul
Fahy, Krista
Dover, Samuel
TI Association Between Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Mortality and
Ship Strikes Along the California Coast
SO AQUATIC MAMMALS
LA English
DT Article
DE blue whale; Balaenoptera musculus; ship strike; trauma; shipping lane;
Sarcocystis
ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; FIN WHALES; COLLISIONS
AB Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) are distributed worldwide, and although severely depleted by commercial whaling, their abundance off the California coast now appears to be increasing. Little is known about natural causes of mortality of blue whales, but human-related mortality continues despite legal protection. Ship strikes are a significant mortality factor for other species of baleen whale, and changes in shipping traffic have been advocated to minimize further deaths. Between 1988 and 2007, 21 blue whale deaths were reported along the California coast, typically one or two cases annually. Three pulses in strandings were observed, with three carcasses observed in fall 1988, three in 2002, and four in fall 2007. Two of the four animals in 2007 were first observed dead in the Santa Barbara Channel and had wounds typical of a ship strike. Blue whale strandings were spatially associated with locations of shipping lanes, especially those associated with the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and were most common in the fall months.
C1 [Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle; Collins, Paul; Fahy, Krista] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA.
[Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
[Wilkin, Sarah; Cordaro, Joe] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA.
[Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[Mate, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Rotstein, Dave] UCAR Smithsonian Museum Osteoprep Lab, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
[Dover, Samuel] Channel Isl Marine & Wildlife Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93140 USA.
RP Berman-Kowalewski, M (reprint author), Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA.
EM mberman@sbnature2.org
FU National Marine Fisheries Service
FX We thank all the California Marine Mammal Stranding Network participants
for assistance in generating the data reported here, the National Marine
Fisheries Service Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Event Response Fund
for financial assistance, and the numerous volunteers who made full
necropsy examinations in 2007 possible. We also thank Spencer Fire,
National Ocean Service, for his rapid bio-toxin analysis, as well as
volunteer pilot Stephen Parker and National Geographic photographer Flip
Nicklin for reporting specimen SBMNH 2007-19 during their spotting and
aerial photography in support of Oregon State University's satellite
tagging of blue whales.
NR 28
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 9
U2 50
PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS
PI MOLINE
PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD
CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA
SN 0167-5427
J9 AQUAT MAMM
JI Aquat. Mamm.
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 1
BP 59
EP 66
DI 10.1578/AM.36.1.2010.59
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 670SP
UT WOS:000283447900007
ER
PT B
AU Wheeler, KR
Kurtoglu, T
Poll, SD
AF Wheeler, Kevin R.
Kurtoglu, Tolga
Poll, Scott D.
GP ASME
TI A SURVEY OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT USER OBJECTIVES RELATED TO DIAGNOSTIC AND
PROGNOSTIC METRICS
SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND
COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2,
PTS A AND B
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers
and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009
CL San Diego, CA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div
DE IVHM; ISHM; diagnostic & prognostic metrics
AB One of the most prominent technical challenges to effective deployment of health management systems is the vast difference in user objectives with respect to engineering development In this paper, a detailed survey on the objectives of different users of health management systems is presented These user objectives are then mapped to the metrics typically encountered in the development and testing of two main systems health management functions diagnosis and prognosis Using this mapping, the gaps between user goals and the metrics associated with diagnostics and prognostics are identified and presented with a collection of lessons learned from previous studies that Include both industrial and military aerospace applications
C1 [Wheeler, Kevin R.; Poll, Scott D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Wheeler, KR (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-4899-9
PY 2010
BP 1287
EP 1298
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BSU94
UT WOS:000285850200141
ER
PT J
AU Fridlund, M
Eiroa, C
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Lammer, H
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Selsis, F
White, GJ
Absil, O
Defrere, D
Hanot, C
Stam, D
Schneider, J
Tinetti, G
Karlsson, A
Gondoin, P
den Hartog, R
D'Arcio, L
Stankov, AM
Kilter, M
Erd, C
Beichman, C
Coulter, D
Danchi, W
Devirian, M
Johnston, KJ
Lawson, P
Lay, OP
Lunine, J
Kaltenegger, L
AF Fridlund, Malcolm
Eiroa, Carlos
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Lammer, Helmut
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Selsis, Franck
White, Glenn J.
Absil, Olivier
Defrere, Denis
Hanot, C.
Stam, Daphne
Schneider, Jean
Tinetti, Giovanna
Karlsson, Anders
Gondoin, Phillipe
den Hartog, Roland
D'Arcio, Luigi
Stankov, Anna-Maria
Kilter, Mikael
Erd, Christian
Beichman, Charles
Coulter, Daniel
Danchi, William
Devirian, Michael
Johnston, Kenneth J.
Lawson, Peter
Lay, Oliver P.
Lunine, Jonathan
Kaltenegger, Lisa
TI The Search for Worlds Like Our Own
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Terrestrial exoplanets; Habitability; Planet-detection methods;
Bioastronomy
ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; NULLING INTERFEROMETER; DARWIN
PROJECT; COMPANION; MISSION; SYSTEMS; SPACE; STARS; DISK
AB The direct detection of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby stars and the characterization of such planets particularly, their evolution, their atmospheres, and their ability to host life-constitute a significant problem. The quest for other worlds as abodes of life has been one of mankind's great questions for several millennia. For instance, as stated by Epicurus similar to 300 BC: "Other worlds, with plants and other living things, some of them similar and some of them different from ours, must exist.'' Demokritos from Abdera (460-370 BC), the man who invented the concept of indivisible small parts-atoms-also held the belief that other worlds exist around the stars and that some of these worlds may be inhabited by life-forms. The idea of the plurality of worlds and of life on them has since been held by scientists like Johannes Kepler and William Herschel, among many others. Here, one must also mention Giordano Bruno. Born in 1548, Bruno studied in France and came into contact with the teachings of Nicolas Copernicus. He wrote the book De l'Infinito, Universo e Mondi in 1584, in which he claimed that the Universe was infinite, that it contained an infinite amount of worlds like Earth, and that these worlds were inhabited by intelligent beings. At the time, this was extremely controversial, and eventually Bruno was arrested by the church and burned at the stake in Rome in 1600, as a heretic, for promoting this and other equally confrontational issues (though it is unclear exactly which idea was the one that ultimately brought him to his end).
In all the aforementioned cases, the opinions and results were arrived at through reasoning-not by experiment. We have only recently acquired the technological capability to observe planets orbiting stars other than our Sun; acquisition of this capability has been a remarkable feat of our time. We show in this introduction to the Habitability Primer that mankind is at the dawning of an age when, by way of the scientific method and 21(st)-century technology, we will be able to answer this fascinating controversial issue that has persisted for at least 2500 years.
C1 [Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan] Royal Observ, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Scotland.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Selsis, Franck] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
[Absil, Olivier] Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, St Martin Dheres, France.
[Absil, Olivier; Defrere, Denis; Hanot, C.] Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, Meudon, France.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[Karlsson, Anders; Gondoin, Phillipe; den Hartog, Roland; D'Arcio, Luigi; Stankov, Anna-Maria; Kilter, Mikael; Erd, Christian] ESA, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Payload & Adv Concepts Div, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles; Coulter, Daniel; Devirian, Michael; Lawson, Peter; Lay, Oliver P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Johnston, Kenneth J.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Fridlund, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
EM malcolm.fridlund@esa.int
OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654; Absil,
Olivier/0000-0002-4006-6237
NR 62
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 11
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 5
EP 17
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0380
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900002
PM 20307179
ER
PT J
AU Alibert, Y
Broeg, C
Benz, W
Wuchterl, G
Grasset, O
Sotin, C
Eiroa, C
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Kaltenegger, L
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Lammer, H
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Fridlund, M
Lunine, J
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Selsis, F
Schneider, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
White, GJ
AF Alibert, Y.
Broeg, C.
Benz, W.
Wuchterl, G.
Grasset, O.
Sotin, C.
Eiroa, Carlos
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Kaltenegger, Lisa
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Lammer, Helmut
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Fridlund, Malcolm
Lunine, Jonathan
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Selsis, Frank
Schneider, Jean
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
White, Glenn J.
TI Origin and Formation of Planetary Systems
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Planet formation; Gas giants; Ice giants; Terrestrial exoplanets;
Habitability
ID STELLAR X-RAY; GIANT PLANETS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; MASS PLANETS;
ORBITAL MIGRATION; OCEAN-PLANETS; SOLAR NEBULA; EVOLUTION; EARTH;
ACCRETION
AB To estimate the occurrence of terrestrial exoplanets and maximize the chance of finding them, it is crucial to understand the formation of planetary systems in general and that of terrestrial planets in particular. We show that a reliable formation theory should not only explain the formation of the Solar System, with small terrestrial planets within a few AU and gas giants farther out, but also the newly discovered exoplanetary systems with close-in giant planets. Regarding the presently known exoplanets, we stress that our current knowledge is strongly biased by the sensitivity limits of current detection techniques (mainly the radial velocity method). With time and improved detection methods, the diversity of planets and orbits in exoplanetary systems will definitely increase and help to constrain the formation theory further. In this work, we review the latest state of planetary formation in relation to the origin and evolution of habitable terrestrial planets.
C1 [Alibert, Y.] Observ Besancon, Inst UTINAM, Besancon, France.
[Alibert, Y.; Broeg, C.; Benz, W.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland.
[Wuchterl, G.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte, Tautenburg, Germany.
[Grasset, O.; Sotin, C.] CNRS, UMR, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Penny, Alan] Royal Observ, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Scotland.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Selsis, Frank] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Alibert, Y (reprint author), Observ Besancon, Inst UTINAM, Besancon, France.
EM alibert@obs-besancon.fr
OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
NR 84
TC 9
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 9
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 19
EP 32
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0372
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900003
PM 20307180
ER
PT J
AU Dvorak, R
Pilat-Lohinger, E
Bois, E
Schwarz, R
Funk, B
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Eiroa, C
Fridlund, M
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Kaltenegger, L
Lammer, H
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Lunine, J
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Selsis, F
Schneider, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
White, GJ
AF Dvorak, Rudolf
Pilat-Lohinger, Elke
Bois, Eric
Schwarz, Richard
Funk, Barbara
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Eiroa, Carlos
Fridlund, Malcolm
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Kaltenegger, Lisa
Lammer, Helmut
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Lunine, Jonathan
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Selsis, Frank
Schneider, Jean
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
White, Glenn J.
TI Dynamical Habitability of Planetary Systems
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Orbital dynamics; Habitability; Terrestrial exoplanets
ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; GLOBAL DYNAMICS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; PREDICTING
PLANETS; APSIDAL RESONANCE; STABILITY LIMITS; DOUBLE STARS; ORBITS;
ZONES; MOTION
AB The problem of the stability of planetary systems, a question that concerns only multiplanetary systems that host at least two planets, is discussed. The problem of mean motion resonances is addressed prior to discussion of the dynamical structure of the more than 350 known planets. The difference with regard to our own Solar System with eight planets on low eccentricity is evident in that 60% of the known extrasolar planets have orbits with eccentricity e > 0.2. We theoretically highlight the studies concerning possible terrestrial planets in systems with a Jupiter-like planet. We emphasize that an orbit of a particular nature only will keep a planet within the habitable zone around a host star with respect to the semimajor axis and its eccentricity. In addition, some results are given for individual systems (e.g., Gl777A) with regard to the stability of orbits within habitable zones. We also review what is known about the orbits of planets in double-star systems around only one component ( e. g., gamma Cephei) and around both stars (e.g., eclipsing binaries).
C1 [Dvorak, Rudolf; Pilat-Lohinger, Elke; Schwarz, Richard; Funk, Barbara] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
[Bois, Eric] Observ Cote Azur, F-06003 Nice, France.
[Schwarz, Richard; Funk, Barbara] Univ Budapest, Dept Astron, Budapest, Hungary.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Selsis, Frank] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Dvorak, R (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
EM dvorak@astro.univie.ac.at
OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654; Funk, Barbara/0000-0001-7233-9730
FU Austrian science foundation FWF [P18930-N16, P19569-N16, J2892-N16];
Osterreichische Forschungsgesellschaft [MOEL 309]
FX R.D. (project P18930-N16), E. P.-L. (project P19569-N16), and B. F.
(Erwin Schrodinger grant J2892-N16) wish to acknowledge support by the
Austrian science foundation FWF. R. S. wishes to acknowledge the support
of the Osterreichische Forschungsgesellschaft (project MOEL 309).
NR 57
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 33
EP 43
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0379
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900004
PM 20307181
ER
PT J
AU Brack, A
Horneck, G
Cockell, CS
Berces, A
Belisheva, NK
Eiroa, C
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Kaltenegger, L
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Lammer, H
Selsis, F
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Fridlund, M
Lunine, J
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Schneider, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
White, GJ
AF Brack, A.
Horneck, G.
Cockell, C. S.
Berces, A.
Belisheva, N. K.
Eiroa, Carlos
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Kaltenegger, Lisa
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Lammer, Helmut
Selsis, Franck
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Fridlund, Malcolm
Lunine, Jonathan
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Schneider, Jean
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
White, Glenn J.
TI Origin and Evolution of Life on Terrestrial Planets
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Organic molecules; Origin of life; Astrobiology; Radiation
ID EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; GALACTIC HABITABLE ZONE; AMINO-ACIDS;
ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; BACTERIA; STARS; PERMAFROST;
BIOSPHERE; SEDIMENTS
AB The ultimate goal of terrestrial planet-finding missions is not only to discover terrestrial exoplanets inside the habitable zone (HZ) of their host stars but also to address the major question as to whether life may have evolved on a habitable Earth-like exoplanet outside our Solar System. We note that the chemical evolution that finally led to the origin of life on Earth must be studied if we hope to understand the principles of how life might evolve on other terrestrial planets in the Universe. This is not just an anthropocentric point of view: the basic ingredients of terrestrial life, that is, reduced carbon-based molecules and liquid H2O, have very specific properties. We discuss the origin of life from the chemical evolution of its precursors to the earliest life-forms and the biological implications of the stellar radiation and energetic particle environments. Likewise, the study of the biological evolution that has generated the various life-forms on Earth provides clues toward the understanding of the interconnectedness of life with its environment.
C1 [Brack, A.] CNRS, Ctr Biophys Mol, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
[Horneck, G.] DLR, Inst Aerosp Med, Cologne, Germany.
[Cockell, C. S.] Open Univ, Geochem Res Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
[Berces, A.] Hungarian Acad Sci, MTA SE Res Grp Biophys, Budapest, Hungary.
[Belisheva, N. K.] Russian Acad Sci, Kola Sci Ctr, Polar Alpine Bot Garden Inst, Apatity, Russia.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Selsis, Franck] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Brack, A (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Biophys Mol, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
EM brack@cnrs-orleans.fr
RI Berces, Attila/K-1180-2013;
OI Berces, Attila/0000-0002-7234-5660; Tinetti,
Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
NR 66
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 37
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
EI 1557-8070
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 69
EP 76
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0374
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900005
PM 20307183
ER
PT J
AU Grenfell, JL
Rauer, H
Selsis, F
Kaltenegger, L
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Eiroa, C
Fridlund, M
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Lammer, H
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Lunine, J
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Schneider, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
White, GJ
AF Grenfell, J. Lee
Rauer, Heike
Selsis, Franck
Kaltenegger, Lisa
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Eiroa, Carlos
Fridlund, Malcolm
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Lammer, Helmut
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Lunine, Jonathan
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Schneider, Jean
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
White, Glenn J.
TI Co-Evolution of Atmospheres, Life, and Climate
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Early Earth; Biomarker; Atmospheres; Climate; Exoplanets
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE;
HABITABLE ZONES; LONG-TERM; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; OZONE; EVOLUTION;
METHANE; HYDROGEN
AB After Earth's origin, our host star, the Sun, was shining 20-25% less brightly than today. Without greenhouse-like conditions to warm the atmosphere, our early planet would have been an ice ball, and life may never have evolved. But life did evolve, which indicates that greenhouse gases must have been present on early Earth to warm the planet. Evidence from the geological record indicates an abundance of the greenhouse gas CO2. CH4 was probably present as well; and, in this regard, methanogenic bacteria, which belong to a diverse group of anaerobic prokaryotes that ferment CO2 plus H-2 to CH4, may have contributed to modification of the early atmosphere. Molecular oxygen was not present, as is indicated by the study of rocks from that era, which contain iron carbonate rather than iron oxide. Multicellular organisms originated as cells within colonies that became increasingly specialized. The development of photosynthesis allowed the Sun's energy to be harvested directly by life-forms. The resultant oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and formed the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. Aided by the absorption of harmful UV radiation in the ozone layer, life colonized Earth's surface. Our own planet is a very good example of how life-forms modified the atmosphere over the planets' lifetime. We show that these facts have to be taken into account when we discover and characterize atmospheres of Earth-like exoplanets. If life has originated and evolved on a planet, then it should be expected that a strong co-evolution occurred between life and the atmosphere, the result of which is the planet's climate.
C1 [Grenfell, J. Lee; Rauer, Heike] DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany.
[Rauer, Heike] Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
[Selsis, Franck] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Grenfell, JL (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Zentrum Astron & Astrophys, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
EM lee.Grenfell@dlr.de
OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
FU Helmholtz Association; International Space Science Institute (ISSI,
Bern, Switzerland); Evolution of Habitable Planets'; Evolution of
Exoplanet Atmospheres and Their Characterization
FX The authors acknowledge the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, as this research has
been supported by the Helmholtz Association through the research
alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life,'' the International Space
Science Institute (ISSI, Bern, Switzerland) and the ISSI teams
"Evolution of Habitable Planets'' and "Evolution of Exoplanet
Atmospheres and Their Characterization.''
NR 66
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 5
U2 21
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 77
EP 88
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0375
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900006
PM 20307184
ER
PT J
AU Kaltenegger, L
Selsis, F
Fridlund, M
Lammer, H
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Eiroa, C
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Lunine, J
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Schneider, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
White, GJ
AF Kaltenegger, Lisa
Selsis, Frank
Fridlund, Malcolm
Lammer, Helmut
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Eiroa, Carlos
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Lunine, Jonathan
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Schneider, Jean
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
White, Glenn J.
TI Deciphering Spectral Fingerprints of Habitable Exoplanets
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Habitable planets; Exoplanet search; Biomarkers; Planetary atmospheres
ID EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; EXTRASOLAR TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; INFRARED RADIATION;
THERMAL EMISSION; HD 189733B; RED-EDGE; LIFE; SEARCH; STARS; ATMOSPHERES
AB We discuss how to read a planet's spectrum to assess its habitability and search for the signatures of a biosphere. After a decade rich in giant exoplanet detections, observation techniques have advanced to a level where we now have the capability to find planets of less than 10 Earth masses (M-Earth) (so-called "super Earths''), which may be habitable. How can we characterize those planets and assess whether they are habitable? This new field of exoplanet search has shown an extraordinary capacity to combine research in astrophysics, chemistry, biology, and geophysics into a new and exciting interdisciplinary approach to understanding our place in the Universe. The results of a first-generation mission will most likely generate an amazing scope of diverse planets that will set planet formation, evolution, and our planet into an overall context.
C1 [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Selsis, Frank] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Kaltenegger, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-20, Cambridge, MA USA.
EM lkaltene@cfa.harvard.edu
OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
FU Harvard Origins of Life Initiative; NASA Astrobiology Institute
FX L. Kaltenegger acknowledges the support of the Harvard Origins of Life
Initiative and the NASA Astrobiology Institute.
NR 63
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 3
U2 20
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 89
EP 102
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0381
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900007
PM 20307185
ER
PT J
AU Kaltenegger, L
Eiroa, C
Ribas, I
Paresce, F
Leitzinger, M
Odert, P
Hanslmeier, A
Fridlund, M
Lammer, H
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Lunine, J
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Selsis, F
Schneider, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
White, GJ
AF Kaltenegger, Lisa
Eiroa, Carlos
Ribas, Ignasi
Paresce, Francesco
Leitzinger, Martin
Odert, Petra
Hanslmeier, Arnold
Fridlund, Malcolm
Lammer, Helmut
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Lunine, Jonathan
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Selsis, Frank
Schneider, Jean
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
White, Glenn J.
TI Stellar Aspects of Habitability-Characterizing Target Stars for
Terrestrial Planet-Finding Missions
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Darwin/TPF; Nearby stars; Habitability; Exoplanet search
ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; M-CIRCLE-PLUS; EARTH-LIKE EXOPLANETS; EJECTION CME
ACTIVITY; LATE-TYPE DWARFS; X-RAY-EMISSION; MASS M-STARS; HARPS SEARCH;
SUPER-EARTH; MAIN-SEQUENCE
AB We present and discuss the criteria for selecting potential target stars suitable for the search for Earth-like planets, with a special emphasis on the stellar aspects of habitability. Missions that search for terrestrial exoplanets will explore the presence and habitability of Earth-like exoplanets around several hundred nearby stars, mainly F, G, K, and M stars. The evaluation of the list of potential target systems is essential in order to develop mission concepts for a search for terrestrial exoplanets. Using the Darwin All Sky Star Catalogue (DASSC), we discuss the selection criteria, configuration-dependent subcatalogues, and the implication of stellar activity for habitability.
C1 [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Ribas, Ignasi] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona, Spain.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Leitzinger, Martin; Hanslmeier, Arnold] Graz Univ, Graz, Austria.
[Odert, Petra; Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Selsis, Frank] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Kaltenegger, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM lkaltene@cfa.harvard.edu
RI Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014;
OI Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312; Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
FU Harvard Origins of Life Initiative; NASA; NSF; Austrian FWF
(Wissenschaftsfond) [P19446]
FX L.K. gratefully acknowledges support from the Harvard Origins of Life
Initiative. We thank ISSI. This research has made use of the SIMBAD
database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; NASA's Astrophysics Data
System; and data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a
joint project of the UMass and IPAC, funded by NASA and NSF. M.L., P.O.,
and A. H. acknowledge the Austrian FWF (Wissenschaftsfond), grant
P19446, for supporting this project.
NR 71
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 8
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 103
EP 112
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0367
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900008
PM 20307186
ER
PT J
AU Fridlund, M
Eiroa, C
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Kaltenegger, L
Leger, A
Liseau, R
Lammer, H
Selsis, F
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Lunine, J
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Schneider, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
White, GJ
AF Fridlund, Malcolm
Eiroa, Carlos
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Kaltenegger, Lisa
Leger, Alain
Liseau, Rene
Lammer, Helmut
Selsis, Franck
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Lunine, Jonathan
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Schneider, Jean
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
White, Glenn J.
TI A Roadmap for the Detection and Characterization of Other Earths
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Exoplanets; Life in the Universe; Space missions; Biomarkers
AB The European Space Agency and other space agencies such as NASA recognize that the question with regard to life beyond Earth in general, and the associated issue of the existence and study of exoplanets in particular, is of paramount importance for the 21(st) century. The new Cosmic Vision science plan, Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, which is built around four major themes, has as its first theme: "What are the conditions for planet formation and the emergence of life?'' This main theme is addressed through further questions:
(1) How do gas and dust give rise to stars and planets?
(2) How will the search for and study of exoplanets eventually lead to the detection of life outside Earth (biomarkers*)?
(3) How did life in the Solar System arise and evolve?
Although ESA has busied itself with these issues since the beginning of the Darwin study in 1996, it has become abundantly clear that, as these topics have evolved, only a very large effort, addressed from the ground and from space with the utilization of different instruments and space missions, can provide the empirical results required for a complete understanding. The good news is that the problems can be addressed and solved within a not-too-distant future. In this short essay, we present the present status of a roadmap related to projects that are related to the key long-term goal of understanding and characterizing exoplanets, in particular Earthlike planets.
C1 [Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Selsis, Franck] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Fridlund, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
EM malcolm.fridlund@esa.int
OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 10
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 113
EP 119
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0391
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900009
PM 20307187
ER
PT J
AU Schneider, J
Leger, A
Fridlund, M
White, GJ
Eiroa, C
Henning, T
Herbst, T
Lammer, H
Liseau, R
Paresce, F
Penny, A
Quirrenbach, A
Rottgering, H
Selsis, F
Beichman, C
Danchi, W
Kaltenegger, L
Lunine, J
Stam, D
Tinetti, G
AF Schneider, Jean
Leger, Alain
Fridlund, Malcolm
White, Glenn J.
Eiroa, Carlos
Henning, Thomas
Herbst, Tom
Lammer, Helmut
Liseau, Rene
Paresce, Francesco
Penny, Alan
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Rottgering, Huub
Selsis, Franck
Beichman, Charles
Danchi, William
Kaltenegger, Lisa
Lunine, Jonathan
Stam, Daphne
Tinetti, Giovanna
TI The Far Future of Exoplanet Direct Characterization
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Far future missions; Direct imaging; High-resolution spectroscopy;
Habitable exoplanets; Exo-moons; Surface features
ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; SIGNATURES; SEARCH; IMAGER
AB We describe future steps in the direct characterization of habitable exoplanets subsequent to medium and large mission projects currently underway and investigate the benefits of spectroscopic and direct imaging approaches. We show that, after third- and fourth-generation missions have been conducted over the course of the next 100 years, a significant amount of time will lapse before we will have the capability to observe directly the morphology of extrasolar organisms.
C1 [Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France.
[Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
[White, Glenn J.; Penny, Alan] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden.
[Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy.
[Penny, Alan] Royal Observ, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Scotland.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Selsis, Franck] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England.
RP Schneider, J (reprint author), Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, Meudon, France.
EM Jean.Schneider@obspm.fr
OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 10
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 121
EP 126
DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0371
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 572NG
UT WOS:000275838900010
PM 20307188
ER
PT S
AU Carpenter, JR
Hur-Diaz, S
Markley, FL
AF Carpenter, J. Russell
Hur-Diaz, Sun
Markley, F. Landis
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI GENERALIZED COVARIANCE ANALYSIS OF ADDITIVE DIVIDED-DIFFERENCE
SIGMA-POINT FILTERS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
ID NONLINEAR TRANSFORMATION; ESTIMATORS
AB The divided-difference sigma-point filter is a sequential estimator that replaces first-order truncations of Taylor series approximations with second-order numerical differencing equations to approximate nonlinear dynamics and measurement models. If the process and measurement noise enter the system additively, several simplifications are possible, including a substantial reduction in the number of sigma-points. As a consequence of the additive noise assumption, a generalized covariance analysis approach that partitions the contributions to the total error of a priori, process, and measurement noise may be applied to the additive divided-difference sigma-point filter. The Cholesky decompositions of the true and formal initial covariances provide true and formal a priori Cholesky factors, and true and formal measurement and process Cholesky partitions are initialized to zero. Two sets of sigma points, truth and formal, are spawned and propagated from the joint set of all three partitions for each. Divided differences are separately extracted from each partition, and factorized to derive time updates for each partition separately, as well as merged to form propagated states. This process is repeated for the measurement update, with a filter gain similarly derived from a joint set of all three partitions. The states ignored by the filter are not updated by this gain. The entire algorithm is formulated using only Cholesky factors. As an example, a simulated highly elliptical orbit is estimated from nonlinear Global Positioning System measurements. In this example, there is a significant nonlinearity at perigee.
C1 [Carpenter, J. Russell] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Carpenter, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 69
EP 84
PN 1-3
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900005
ER
PT S
AU Carpenter, JR
AF Carpenter, J. Russell
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTI-SCALE MISSION'S ORBIT PROPAGATION SENSITIVITY TO
NAVIGATION ERRORS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The objective of this paper is to address a need for onboard navigation solutions to propagate accurately, in the context of a formation of satellites in highly elliptical orbits that will study magnetic reconnection. The onboard navigation function is not intended to perform state prediction; rather, it produces definitive states that ground operators will use to generate flight dynamics and science products. Many of these products, such as maneuver plans, conjunction predictions, and tracking acquisition plans, require predictive states. In particular, the paper examines relationships between predictive navigation accuracy and the time between previously unscheduled maneuvers. Planning for such maneuvers, which are needed for formation maintenance and collision avoidance, should accommodate a trade between false alarms and missed detections, and must also meet operational constraints on maneuver frequency. The paper shows how these trades relate to secular growth in the achieved formation states and predictive navigation errors. These relationships refine previous results by including the effect of Earth's oblateness on secular growth of knowledge and execution errors.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Carpenter, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 317
EP 334
PN 1-3
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900019
ER
PT S
AU Williams, T
AF Williams, Trevor
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI MMS SEPARATION AND COMMISSIONING PHASE MANEUVERS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The four Magnetospheric Multi Scale (MMS) spacecraft are launched in a stack, and released sequentially by identical sets of springs. They then enter a four-month commissioning phase, during which they must: raise the perigee of their highly elliptical orbits from the initial altitude of 185 km, to avoid any possibility of subsequent imminent deorbit from lunisolar perturbations; deploy wire booms and other appendages; calibrate experiments, thrusters and navigation systems; and enter into the initial tetrahedron formation for science observations around apogee. This paper will discuss the design of the various maneuvers required during the commissioning phase, starting with the separation maneuvers.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Williams, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Trevor.W.Williams@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 375
EP 394
PN 1-3
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900022
ER
PT S
AU Gramling, CJ
AF Gramling, Cheryl J.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI OVERVIEW OF THE MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTISCALE FORMATION FLYING MISSION
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) Mission is a tetrahedral formation mission designed to study magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetosphere. To sample these regions of interest, the MMS mission will be divided into two main science phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2 with 1.2 x 12 Earth Radii (RE) and 1.2 x 25 RE orbits, respectively. This paper provides an overview of the MMS spacecraft and the engineering and science constraints that affect the mission design.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gramling, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013
OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 407
EP 417
PN 1-3
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900024
ER
PT S
AU Hughes, SP
AF Hughes, Steven P.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI OPTIMAL CONTROL AND NEAR OPTIMAL GUIDANCE FOR THE MAGNETOSPHERIC
MULTISCALE MISSION (MMS)
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
ID SPACECRAFT FORMATIONS; OPTIMIZATION
AB In this paper we present a method for fuel optimal formation control of the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS). MMS is a NASA mission(1) that employs 4 spacecraft that must maintain a near-regular tetrahedron in a region centered about apogee of a highly elliptic orbit. The method employs nonlinear parameter optimization to minimize total Delta V while simultaneously satisfying guidance, Delta V equalization, periodicity, eccentricity, and close approach constraints among others. The proposed approach is fully nonlinear, accommodates orbital perturbations, and is applicable to multiple flight regimes including circular, highly elliptic, hyperbolic, and libration point orbits. Furthermore, the method is applicable to small formations and large constellations. Optimal solutions for MMS are presented that illustrate the fuel savings for various tetrahedron formations.
C1 NASA, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Hughes, SP (reprint author), NASA, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013
OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 439
EP 462
PN 1-3
PG 24
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900026
ER
PT S
AU Gist, EM
Ballard, CG
Hahn, YS
Stumpf, PW
Wagner, SV
Williams, PN
AF Gist, Emily M.
Ballard, Christopher G.
Hahn, Yungsun
Stumpf, Paul W.
Wagner, Sean V.
Williams, Powtawche N.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI CASSINI-HUYGENS MANEUVER EXPERIENCE: FIRST YEAR OF THE EQUINOX MISSION
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft was launched in 1997 on a mission to observe Saturn and its many moons. After a seven-year cruise, it entered a Saturnian orbit for a four-year, prime mission. Due to the success of the prime mission, spacecraft health, and remaining propellant, a two-year extended mission, the Equinox Mission, was approved. Maneuver designs and analyses performed through the first year of the Equinox Mission are presented. Results for the 46 most recent maneuvers are given. A substantial contribution to the navigation success of the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft is the continued accurate performance, which has exceeded the pre-launch expectations and requirements.
C1 [Gist, Emily M.; Ballard, Christopher G.; Hahn, Yungsun; Stumpf, Paul W.; Wagner, Sean V.; Williams, Powtawche N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Flight Path Control Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gist, EM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Flight Path Control Grp, Mail Stop 230-205,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Emily.M.Gist@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 787
EP 807
PN 1-3
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900044
ER
PT S
AU Smith, J
Buffington, B
AF Smith, John
Buffington, Brent
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI OVERVIEW OF THE CASSINI SOLSTICE MISSION TRAJECTORY
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The Cassini Project has completed a 7.2 year mission extension (1-Jul-2010 to 15-Sep-2017) which will govern the remainder of Cassini's operational lifetime. The resultant extended mission, stemming from 1.5 years of development, includes an additional 54 close Titan flybys, 12 close Enceladus flybys, 11 close flybys of other moons, and 160 orbits about Saturn in a variety of orientations. The mission ends with a spectacular series of orbits whose periapses are only a few thousand kilometers above Saturn's cloud tops culminating with impact into Saturn. This paper describes the different phases of the Solstice mission and the associated design methodology.
C1 [Smith, John; Buffington, Brent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Smith, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 230-205, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 829
EP 854
PN 1-3
PG 26
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900046
ER
PT S
AU Kloster, KW
Petropoulos, AE
Longuski, JM
AF Kloster, Kevin W.
Petropoulos, Anastassios E.
Longuski, James M.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI EUROPA ORBITER MISSION DESIGN WITH IO GRAVITY ASSISTS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB Recent improvements in radiation hardening enable spacecraft to endure greater radiation exposure than previously possible, in particular allowing the current iteration of the Europa Orbiter mission to perform several consecutive flybys of Io. The strategy for designing tours with To flybys differs significantly from schemes developed for previous versions of the mission, but the Tisserand graph continues to provide important insights into the tour design. While Io flybys increase the duration of tours that are ultimately bound for Europa, they offer delta-v savings and greater scientific return, including the possibility of flying through the plume of one of Io's volcanoes.
C1 [Kloster, Kevin W.; Petropoulos, Anastassios E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kloster, KW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 875
EP 889
PN 1-3
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900048
ER
PT S
AU Petropoulos, AE
Kloster, KW
Landau, DF
AF Petropoulos, Anastassios E.
Kloster, Kevin W.
Landau, Damon F.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI MISSION DESIGN FOR THE JUPITER EUROPA ORBITER FLAGSHIP MISSION STUDY
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB With high priority given to exploration of Europa in the National Research Council's last Planetary Science Decadal Survey, NASA commissioned the development of a mission concept for a flagship-class mission to Europa, which would include international collaboration, especially with an ESA Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter mission. Here we describe the Jupiter Europa Orbiter mission design. Numerous types of gravity-assist trajectories to Jupiter are analyzed, including a nominal 2020-launch, Venus-Earth-Earth trajectory. We also present a nominal Jovian system tour, whose purpose is not only study of the system, but also reduction of the size of the insertion burn into Europan orbit.
C1 [Petropoulos, Anastassios E.; Kloster, Kevin W.; Landau, Damon F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Petropoulos, AE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Anastassios.E.Petropoulos@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 891
EP 903
PN 1-3
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900049
ER
PT S
AU Lam, T
Landau, D
Strange, N
AF Lam, Try
Landau, Damon
Strange, Nathan
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI BROAD SEARCH FOR SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION TRAJECTORIES TO SATURN WITH
GRAVITY ASSISTS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB Solar electric propulsion (SEP) trajectories to Saturn using multiple gravity assists are explored for the joint NASA and ESA Titan Saturn System Mission concept. Results show that these new set of trajectories enable greater performance compared to chemical propulsion with similar gravity assists or SEP without gravity assists. This paper will discuss the method used in finding these interplanetary trajectories and examines variations in the performance for difference SEP systems, flight times, and flyby sequences. The benefits of the SEP trajectories for a mission to Saturn are also discussed.
C1 [Lam, Try; Landau, Damon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Outer Planet Mission Anal Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Lam, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Outer Planet Mission Anal Grp, M-S 301-121, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 905
EP 918
PN 1-3
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900050
ER
PT S
AU Strange, N
Spilker, T
Landau, D
Lam, T
Lyons, D
Guzman, J
AF Strange, Nathan
Spilker, Thomas
Landau, Damon
Lam, Try
Lyons, Daniel
Guzman, Jose
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI MISSION DESIGN FOR THE TITAN SATURN SYSTEM MISSION CONCEPT
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB In 2008, NASA and ESA commissioned a study of an international flagship-class mission to Titan, Saturn, and Enceladus consisting of a NASA orbiter and two ESA in situ elements, a Montgolfiere hot air balloon and a lake lander. This paper provides an overview of the trajectory design for this mission, which consists of a solar electric interplanetary trajectory to Saturn, a gravity-assist tour of Titan and Enceladus, delivery of the two in situ elements, Titan aerobraking, and a Titan circular orbit.
C1 [Strange, Nathan; Spilker, Thomas; Landau, Damon; Lam, Try; Lyons, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Strange, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 919
EP 934
PN 1-3
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900051
ER
PT S
AU Lock, RE
Ludwinski, JM
Petropoulos, AE
Clark, KB
Pappalardo, RT
AF Lock, Robert E.
Ludwinski, Jan M.
Petropoulos, Anastassios E.
Clark, Karla B.
Pappalardo, Robert T.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE JUPITER EUROPA ORBITER CONCEPT'S EUROPA SCIENCE PHASE
ORBIT DESIGN
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO), the NASA element of the joint NASA-ESA Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM), would launch in February 2020 and arrive at Jupiter in December of 2025. In the baseline concept, JEO would perform a multi-year study of Europa and the Jupiter system, including 30 months of Jupiter system science and a comprehensive Europa orbit phase of 9 months. This paper will provide an overview of the JEO mission and describe the Europa Science phase orbit design and the related science priorities, model payload and operations scenarios needed to conduct the Europa Science phase as currently envisioned.
C1 [Lock, Robert E.; Ludwinski, Jan M.; Petropoulos, Anastassios E.; Clark, Karla B.; Pappalardo, Robert T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lock, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 935
EP 952
PN 1-3
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900052
ER
PT S
AU Lyons, DT
Strange, NJ
AF Lyons, Daniel T.
Strange, Nathan J.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI AEROBRAKING AT TITAN
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB NASA and ESA recently completed a Pre-Phase A concept study in support of a joint selection process for the next Outer Planet Flagship Mission. The following describes the aerobraking phase of the Titan Saturn System Mission concept. The mission would launch in 2020, require a solar electrically propelled, gravity assisted tour of the inner solar system before reaching Saturn 9 years later. The spacecraft would be propulsively captured into orbit around Saturn, where it would begin a two year, gravity assisted tour of the Saturnian system. A Montgolfiere Balloon would be released at the first Titan flyby, while a lander would be released on the second Titan flyby. The spacecraft would be propulsively captured into a 19.7 hour orbit around Titan and immediately begin a two month aerobraking phase that would sample the atmosphere of the entire southern hemisphere. This paper describes the details of the aerobraking phase, which ends when the orbit is circularized at 1500 km to begin a 20 month science orbit phase.
C1 [Lyons, Daniel T.; Strange, Nathan J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lyons, DT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 953
EP 966
PN 1-3
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900053
ER
PT S
AU Stumpf, PW
Ballard, CG
Gist, EM
Hahn, Y
Jones, JB
Wagner, SV
Williams, PN
AF Stumpf, P. W.
Ballard, C. G.
Gist, E. M.
Hahn, Y.
Jones, J. B.
Wagner, S. V.
Williams, P. N.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MISSION DESIGN AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE
CASSINI-HUYGENS TRAJECTORIES AND MANEUVERS OF THE PRIME MISSION
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB During the Cassini-Huygens orbital phase, the maneuver team collected data to determine the maneuver prediction accuracy and maneuver implementation accuracy as well as data to assess the ability of the navigation team to adhere to the reference trajectory. During the mission planning stage, questions arose as to what level the spacecraft would be able to maintain the reference trajectory and what value of statistical maneuver cost would be needed for each encounter. Conservative answers were provided due to the lack of similar data from past projects. Data obtained by the maneuver team and analysis that revisits these questions is presented.
C1 [Stumpf, P. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Stumpf, PW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 230-205,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 1053
EP 1064
PN 1-3
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900059
ER
PT S
AU Newman, LK
Frigm, R
McKinley, D
AF Newman, Lauri Kraft
Frigm, Ryan
McKinley, David
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI IT'S NOT A BIG SKY AFTER ALL: JUSTIFICATION FOR A CLOSE APPROACH
PREDICTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB There is often skepticism about the need for Conjunction Assessment from mission operators that invest in the "big sky theory", which states that the likelihood of a collision is so small that it can be neglected. On 10 February 2009, the collision between Iridium 33 and COSMOS 2251 provided an indication that this theory is becoming invalid and that a CA process should be considered for all missions. This paper presents statistics of the effect of the Iridium/COSMOS collision on NASA's Earth Science Constellation as well as results of analyses which characterize the debris environment for NASA's robotic missions.
C1 [Newman, Lauri Kraft] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Syst Protect Mission Support Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Newman, LK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Syst Protect Mission Support Off, Mail Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 1113
EP 1132
PN 1-3
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900063
ER
PT S
AU Wilson, RS
Kangas, JA
Chung, MKJ
AF Wilson, Roby S.
Kangas, Julie A.
Chung, Min-Kun J.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI KEPLER TRAJECTORY DESIGN
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The Kepler mission launched on March 6, 2009, placing the spacecraft in an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. The primary objective of the Kepler mission is to better understand the origins of the Solar System by determining the frequency of Earth-like planets around other stars. The Kepler science instrument itself is a highly sensitive photometer that will conduct a census of extra-solar terrestrial planets by observing the dimming of light caused by planetary transits in a fixed portion of the sky. This paper will provide a brief overview of the mission and then describe in detail the design of the Earth-trailing trajectory to support this planet finding survey.
C1 [Wilson, Roby S.; Kangas, Julie A.; Chung, Min-Kun J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Wilson, RS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 1281
EP 1295
PN 1-3
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900073
ER
PT S
AU Broschart, SB
Chung, MKJ
Hatch, SJ
Ma, JH
Sweetser, TH
Weinstein-Weiss, SS
Angelopoulos, V
AF Broschart, Stephen B.
Chung, Min-Kun J.
Hatch, Sara J.
Ma, Jin H.
Sweetser, Theodore H.
Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy S.
Angelopoulos, Vassilis
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI PRELIMINARY TRAJECTORY DESIGN FOR THE ARTEMIS LUNAR MISSION
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The ARTEMIS mission is an extension to the THEMIS mission that will send two of the Earth-orbiting THEMIS spacecraft on a circuitous route to the Moon beginning in July 2009. This paper describes the ARTEMIS trajectory design proposed to the NASA Heliophysics Senior Review in April 2008 (and accepted in May 2008). The trajectory design problem for ARTEMIS is very challenging due to the constraints imposed by the capabilities of the orbiting hardware. Nonetheless, the mission science objectives are successfully addressed by two unique trajectory solutions which include multiple lunar approaches, lunar flybys, low-energy trajectory segments, lunar Lissajous orbits, and low-lunar orbits.
C1 [Broschart, Stephen B.; Chung, Min-Kun J.; Hatch, Sara J.; Ma, Jin H.; Sweetser, Theodore H.; Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy S.; Angelopoulos, Vassilis] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Broschart, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 301-150, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Stephen.B.Broschart@jpl.nasa.gov; Min-Kun.Chung@jpl.nasa.gov;
Sara.J.Hatch@jpl.nasa.gov; Jin.H.Ma@jpl.nasa.gov;
Theodore.H.Sweetser@jpl.nasa.gov; Stacy.S.Weinstein-Weiss@jpl.nasa.gov;
vassilis@ucla.edu
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 1329
EP 1343
PN 1-3
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900076
ER
PT S
AU Capo-Lugo, PA
Bainum, PM
AF Capo-Lugo, Pedro A.
Bainum, Peter M.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI FORMATION FLYING CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION FOR HIGHLY ELLIPTICAL ORBITS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB The Tschauner-Hempel equations are used to correct the separation distance drifts between a pair of satellites within a constellation in highly elliptical orbits. This set of equations was discretized in the true anomaly angle to be used in a digital steady-state hierarchical controller. The objective of a discretized system is to develop a simple algorithm to be implemented in the computer onboard the satellite. The main advantage of discrete systems is that the computational time can be reduced by selecting a suitable sampling interval. The purpose of this paper is to show an implementation of the discrete Tschauner-Hempel equations and the steady-state hierarchical controller in the computer onboard the satellite. This set of equations is expressed in the true anomaly angle in which a relation between the time and the true anomaly angle domains is formulated.
C1 [Capo-Lugo, Pedro A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Guidance Nav & Control Syst Design & Anal Branch, EV41, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Capo-Lugo, PA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Guidance Nav & Control Syst Design & Anal Branch, EV41, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
EM Pedro.A.Capo-Lugo@nasa.gov; pbainum@fac.howard.edu
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 1553
EP 1572
PN 1-3
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900088
ER
PT S
AU Broschart, SB
Scheeres, DJ
Villac, BF
AF Broschart, Stephen B.
Scheeres, Daniel J.
Villac, Benjamin F.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI NEW FAMILIES OF MULTI-REVOLUTION TERMINATOR ORBITS NEAR SMALL BODIES
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
ID ASTEROID 1620 GEOGRAPHOS; SATELLITE DYNAMICS; RADIATION PRESSURE;
STABILITY; RADAR
AB Terminator orbits are known to be robust under the influence of a strong solar radiation pressure perturbation and a weak and irregular gravitational potential. These orbits are ideal for missions that require long-term stable motion near small asteroids and comets. This paper describes the geometry and stability characteristics of two examples of a new class of multi-revolution terminator orbits. These orbits offer improved observation geometry for some scientific observations over terminator orbits while retaining long-term stability and robustness characteristics.
C1 [Broschart, Stephen B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Broschart, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 301-150, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Stephen.B.Broschart@jpl.nasa.gov; scheeres@colorado.edu; bvillac@uci.edu
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 1685
EP 1702
PN 1-3
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900095
ER
PT S
AU Senent, JS
AF Senent, Juan S.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI AN OPTIMAL INITIAL GUESS GENERATOR FOR ENTRY INTERFACE TARGETERS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
AB If a pure numerical iterative approach is used, targeting entry interface (El) conditions for nominal and abort return trajectories or for correction maneuvers can be computationally expensive. This paper describes an algorithm to obtain an optimal impulsive maneuver that generates a trajectory satisfying a set of El targets: inequality constraints on longitude, latitude and azimuth and a fixed flight-path angle. Most of the calculations require no iterations, making it suitable for real-time applications or large trade studies. This algorithm has been used to generate initial guesses for abort trajectories during Earth-Moon transfers.
C1 Odyssey Space Res, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div EG5, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Senent, JS (reprint author), Odyssey Space Res, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div EG5, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 2057
EP 2076
PN 1-3
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900117
ER
PT S
AU Landau, D
Lam, T
Strange, N
AF Landau, Damon
Lam, Try
Strange, Nathan
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI BROAD SEARCH AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION TRAJECTORIES
TO URANUS AND NEPTUNE
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
ID MISSIONS
AB A procedure to produce a large variety of trajectories to Uranus and Neptune is presented. A small set of exceptional trajectories emerges from this broad search and expands the range of missions available to these planets. Payload mass increases dramatically when a Jupiter flyby is available, and the choice of gravity-assist sequence has a greater effect on performance than the choice of propulsion system. The combination of solar electric propulsion and gravity assists enable missions with larger payloads than with chemical propulsion over a broad range of flight times and power levels. Results are provided for both aerocapture and chemical orbit insertion.
C1 [Landau, Damon; Lam, Try] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Outer Planet Mission Anal Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Landau, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Outer Planet Mission Anal Grp, M-S 301-121, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 2093
EP 2112
PN 1-3
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900119
ER
PT S
AU Strange, NJ
Campagnola, S
Russell, RP
AF Strange, Nathan J.
Campagnola, Stefano
Russell, Ryan P.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI LEVERAGING FLYBYS OF LOW MASS MOONS TO ENABLE AN ENCELADUS ORBITER
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
ID TRAJECTORIES
AB As a result of discoveries made by the Cassini spacecraft, Saturn's moon Enceladus has emerged as a high science-value target for a future orbiter mission. However, past studies of an Enceladus orbiter mission found that entering Enceladus orbit either requires a prohibitively large orbit insertion Delta V (> 3.5 km/s) or a prohibitively long flight time. In order to reach Enceladus with a reasonable flight time and Delta V budget, a new tour design method is presented that uses gravity-assists of low-mass moons combined with v-infinity leveraging maneuvers. This new method can achieve Enceladus orbit with a combined leveraging and insertion Delta V of similar to 1 km/s and a 2.5 year Saturn tour.
C1 [Strange, Nathan J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Strange, NJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 2207
EP 2225
PN 1-3
PG 19
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900125
ER
PT S
AU Ely, TA
AF Ely, Todd A.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI MEAN ELEMENT PROPAGATIONS USING NUMERICAL AVERAGING
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
ID CUBATURE
AB The long-term evolution characteristics (and stability) of an orbit are best characterized using a mean element propagation of the perturbed two body variational equations of motion. The averaging process eliminates short period terms leaving only secular and long period effects. In this study, a non-traditional approach is taken that averages the variational equations using adaptive numerical techniques and then numerically integrating the resulting EOMs. Doing this avoids the Fourier series expansions and truncations required by the traditional analytic methods. The resultant numerical techniques can be easily adapted to propagations at most solar system bodies.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Ely, TA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 301-121, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Todd.A.Ely@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 2287
EP 2305
PN 1-3
PG 19
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900129
ER
PT S
AU Parker, JS
AF Parker, Jeffrey S.
BE Rao, AV
Lovell, TA
Chan, FK
Cangahuala, LA
TI LOW-ENERGY BALLISTIC TRANSFERS TO LUNAR HALO ORBITS
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 09-13, 2009
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut
ID RESTRICTED 3-BODY PROBLEM; PERIODIC-ORBITS; MOON; TRAJECTORIES
AB Recent lunar missions have begun to take advantage of the benefits of low-energy ballistic transfers between the Earth and the Moon rather than implementing conventional Hohmann-like lunar transfers. Both Artemis and GRAIL plan to implement low-energy lunar transfers in the next few years. This paper explores the characteristics and potential applications of many different families of low-energy ballistic lunar transfers. The transfers presented here begin from a wide variety of different orbits at the Earth and follow several different distinct pathways to the Moon. This paper characterizes these pathways to identify desirable low-energy lunar transfers for future lunar missions.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Parker, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-557-2
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2010
VL 135
BP 2339
EP 2358
PN 1-3
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BQA45
UT WOS:000280501900132
ER
PT S
AU Hanner, MS
Zolensky, ME
AF Hanner, M. S.
Zolensky, M. E.
BE Henning, T
TI The Mineralogy of Cometary Dust
SO ASTROMINERALOGY, SECOND EDITION
SE Lecture Notes in Physics
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID BOPP C/1995 O1; INTERPLANETARY DUST; HALE-BOPP; HALLEY DUST; SOLAR
NEBULA; KUIPER-BELT; EMBEDDED METAL; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; CRYSTALLINE
SILICATES; STARDUST SPACECRAFT
AB Cometary dust is a heterogeneous mixture of unequilibrated olivine and pyroxenes, amorphous silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, and minor amounts of oxides and other minerals. While forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and enstatite (MgSiO3) are the most common silicate minerals, both the olivine and pyroxenes also show a wide range in Mg/Fe in at least some comets. Carbon in the dust is enriched relative to CI chondrites; a significant fraction of the carbon is in the form of organic refractory material. The return of the particulate sample from ecliptic comet 81P/Wild 2 has opened up a new window for revealing the dust mineralogy at a level of detail not previously possible. The most interesting result from the Wild 2 sample to date is the discovery of refractory calcium aluminum-rich inclusions (CAI) similar to those found in primitive meteorites; chondrule fragments are also present.
Comets formed in the outer parts of the solar nebula where temperatures remained low enough so that interstellar grains could have survived. The small glassy silicates in comets may indeed be interstellar grains. The CAI and the widespread, abundant crystalline silicates must have condensed in the hot inner solar nebula; their presence in comets is evidence for strong radial mixing in the solar nebula. The preponderance of Mg-rich silicates has a natural explanation in the condensation sequence; they are the first to condense in a hot gas and only react with iron at lower temperatures.
This review discusses the mineralogy of cometary dust determined from infrared spectroscopy, in situ Halley measurements, IDPs, and the captured particles from comet Wild 2.
C1 [Hanner, M. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Zolensky, M. E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Hanner, MS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM mhanner@astro.umass.edu; Michael.E.Zolensky@nasa.gov
NR 140
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0075-8450
BN 978-3-642-13258-2
J9 LECT NOTES PHYS
PY 2010
VL 815
BP 203
EP 232
DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13259-9_4
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13259-9
PG 30
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mineralogy; Physics, Applied
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mineralogy; Physics
GA BRP56
UT WOS:000283333100004
ER
PT B
AU Mahabal, A
Djorgovski, SG
Donalek, C
Drake, A
Graham, M
Williams, R
Moghaddam, B
Turmon, M
AF Mahabal, Ashish
Djorgovski, S. G.
Donalek, Ciro
Drake, Andrew
Graham, Matthew
Williams, Roy
Moghaddam, Baback
Turmon, Michael
BE Mizumoto, Y
Morita, KI
Ohishi, M
TI Mixing Bayesian Techniques for Effective Real-time Classification of
Astronomical Transients
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIX
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 19th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY OCT 04-08, 2009
CL Sapporo, JAPAN
AB With the recent advent of time domain astronomy through various surveys several approaches at classification of transients are being tried. Choosing relatively interesting and rarer transients for follow-up is important since following all transients being detected per night is not possible given the limited resources available. In addition, the classification needs to be carried out using minimal number of observations available in order to catch some of the more interesting objects. We present details on two such classification methods: (1) using Bayesian networks with colors and contextual information, and (2) using Gaussian Process Regression and light-curves. Both can be carried out in real-time and from a very small number of epochs. In order to improve classification i.e. narrow down number of competing classes, it is important to combine as many different classifiers as possible. We mention how this can be accomplished using a higher order fusion network.
C1 [Mahabal, Ashish; Djorgovski, S. G.; Donalek, Ciro; Drake, Andrew; Graham, Matthew; Williams, Roy] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Moghaddam, Baback; Turmon, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mahabal, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 4
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-748-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2010
VL 434
BP 115
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science
GA BUU27
UT WOS:000290361300018
ER
PT B
AU Coulais, A
Schellens, M
Gales, J
Arabas, S
Boquien, M
Chanial, P
Messmer, P
Fillmore, D
Poplawski, O
Maret, S
Marchal, G
Galmiche, N
Mermet, T
AF Coulais, A.
Schellens, M.
Gales, J.
Arabas, S.
Boquien, M.
Chanial, P.
Messmer, P.
Fillmore, D.
Poplawski, O.
Maret, S.
Marchal, G.
Galmiche, N.
Mermet, T.
BE Mizumoto, Y
Morita, KI
Ohishi, M
TI Status of GDL - GNU Data Language
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIX
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 19th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY OCT 04-08, 2009
CL Sapporo, JAPAN
AB Gnu Data Language (GDL) is an open-source interpreted language aimed at numerical data analysis and visualisation. It is a free implementation of the Interactive Data Language (IDL) widely used in Astronomy. GDL has a full syntax compatibility with IDL, and includes a large set of library routines targeting advanced matrix manipulation, plotting, time-series and image analysis, mapping, and data input/output including numerous scientific data formats. We will present the current status of the project, the key accomplishments, and the weaknesses - areas where contributions are welcome!
C1 [Coulais, A.] CNRS, UPMC, UCP, LERMA,Obs Paris,ENS, Paris, France.
[Gales, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Arabas, S.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland.
[Boquien, M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Messmer, P.; Fillmore, D.] Tech X GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Messmer, P.; Fillmore, D.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Poplawski, O.] Northwest Res Ass Inc, Colorado Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Maret, S.] Observ Grenoble, CNRS, UJF, LAOG, Grenoble, France.
[Marchal, G.; Galmiche, N.; Mermet, T.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, Paris, France.
RP Coulais, A (reprint author), CNRS, UPMC, UCP, LERMA,Obs Paris,ENS, Paris, France.
RI Boquien, Mederic/J-5964-2015
OI Boquien, Mederic/0000-0003-0946-6176
NR 4
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-748-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2010
VL 434
BP 187
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science
GA BUU27
UT WOS:000290361300036
ER
PT B
AU Gross, MAK
Rasmussen, JJ
Moore, EM
AF Gross, Michael A. K.
Rasmussen, John J.
Moore, Elizabeth M.
BE Mizumoto, Y
Morita, KI
Ohishi, M
TI Pointing the SOFIA Telescope
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIX
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 19th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY OCT 04-08, 2009
CL Sapporo, JAPAN
AB SOFIA is an airborne, gyroscopically stabilized 2.5m infrared telescope, mounted to a spherical bearing. Unlike its predecessors, SOFIA will work in absolute coordinates, despite its continually changing position and attitude. In order to manage this, SOFIA must relate equatorial and telescope coordinates using a combination of avionics data and star identification, manage field rotation and track sky images. We describe the algorithms and systems required to acquire and maintain the equatorial reference frame, relate it to tracking imagers and the science instrument, set up the oscillating secondary mirror, and aggregate pointings into relocatable nods and dithers.
C1 [Gross, Michael A. K.; Moore, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Rasmussen, John J.] CRIT REALM CORP, San Jose, CA 95135 USA.
RP Gross, MAK (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-748-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2010
VL 434
BP 271
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science
GA BUU27
UT WOS:000290361300057
ER
PT B
AU Pence, WD
White, RL
Seaman, R
AF Pence, W. D.
White, R. L.
Seaman, R.
BE Mizumoto, Y
Morita, KI
Ohishi, M
TI Optimal Compression of Floating-Point FITS Images
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIX
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 19th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY OCT 04-08, 2009
CL Sapporo, JAPAN
AB Lossless compression (e.g., with GZIP) of floating-point format astronomical FITS images is ineffective and typically only reduces the file size by 10% to 30%. We describe a much more effective compression method that is supported by the publicly available fpack and funpack FITS image compression utilities that can compress floating point images by a factor of 10 without loss of significant scientific precision. A "subtractive dithering" technique is described which permits coarser quantization (and thus higher compression) than is possible with simple scaling methods.
C1 [Pence, W. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[White, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Seaman, R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA.
RP Pence, WD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-748-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2010
VL 434
BP 365
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science
GA BUU27
UT WOS:000290361300081
ER
PT J
AU Lazio, TJW
Carmichael, S
Clark, J
Elkins, E
Gudmundsen, P
Mott, Z
Szwajkowski, M
Hennig, LA
AF Lazio, T. Joseph W.
Carmichael, S.
Clark, J.
Elkins, E.
Gudmundsen, P.
Mott, Z.
Szwajkowski, M.
Hennig, L. A.
TI A BLIND SEARCH FOR MAGNETOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM PLANETARY COMPANIONS TO
NEARBY SOLAR-TYPE STARS
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE planetary systems
ID STELLAR WIND CONDITIONS; RADIOMETRIC BODES LAW; RADIO-EMISSION;
EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; COOL STARS; NSTARS PROJECT; MASS; DETECTABILITY;
SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTIONS
AB This paper reports a blind search for magnetospheric emissions from planets around nearby stars. Young stars are likely to have much stronger stellar winds than the Sun, and because planetary magnetospheric emissions are powered by stellar winds, stronger stellar winds may enhance the radio luminosity of any orbiting planets. Using various stellar catalogs, we selected nearby stars (less than or similar to 30 pc) with relatively young age estimates (< 3 Gyr). We constructed different samples from the stellar catalogs, finding between 100 and several hundred stars. We stacked images from the 74 MHz (4 m wavelength) VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey, obtaining 3 sigma limits on planetary emission in the stacked images of between 10 and 33 mJy. These flux density limits correspond to average planetary luminosities less than 5-10 x 10(23) erg s(-1). Using recent models for the scaling of stellar wind velocity, density, and magnetic field with stellar age, we estimate scaling factors for the strength of stellar winds, relative to the Sun, in our samples. The typical kinetic energy carried by the stellar winds in our samples is 15-50 times larger than that of the Sun, and the typical magnetic energy is 5-10 times larger. If we assume that every star is orbited by a Jupiter-like planet with a luminosity larger than that of the Jovian decametric radiation by the above factors, our limits on planetary luminosities from the stacking analysis are likely to be a factor of 10-100 above what would be required to detect the planets in a statistical sense. Similar statistical analyses with observations by future instruments, such as the Low Frequency Array and the Long Wavelength Array, offer the promise of improvements by factors of 10-100.
C1 [Lazio, T. Joseph W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Lazio, T. Joseph W.] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Carmichael, S.; Clark, J.; Elkins, E.; Gudmundsen, P.; Mott, Z.; Szwajkowski, M.; Hennig, L. A.] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA.
RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil
FU 6.1 Base funding
FX We thank N. Kassim, S. Kulkarni, and B. Farrell for discussions which
spurred this analysis, A. Cohen for discussions on the VLSS, B. Erickson
and B. Slee for discussions about solar decameter- wavelength emissions,
and the referee for several comments that improved the presentation of
these results. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database,
operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and NASA's Astrophysics Data
System. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1
Base funding.
NR 51
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 1
BP 96
EP 101
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/1/96
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 530RO
UT WOS:000272610200008
ER
PT J
AU Folatelli, G
Phillips, MM
Burns, CR
Contreras, C
Hamuy, M
Freedman, WL
Persson, SE
Stritzinger, M
Suntzeff, NB
Krisciunas, K
Boldt, L
Gonzalez, S
Krzeminski, W
Morrell, N
Roth, M
Salgado, F
Madore, BF
Murphy, D
Wyatt, P
Li, WD
Filippenko, AV
Miller, N
AF Folatelli, Gaston
Phillips, M. M.
Burns, Christopher R.
Contreras, Carlos
Hamuy, Mario
Freedman, W. L.
Persson, S. E.
Stritzinger, Maximilian
Suntzeff, Nicholas B.
Krisciunas, Kevin
Boldt, Luis
Gonzalez, Sergio
Krzeminski, Wojtek
Morrell, Nidia
Roth, Miguel
Salgado, Francisco
Madore, Barry F.
Murphy, David
Wyatt, Pamela
Li, Weidong
Filippenko, Alexei V.
Miller, Nicole
TI THE CARNEGIE SUPERNOVA PROJECT: ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST SAMPLE OF
LOW-REDSHIFT TYPE-Ia SUPERNOVAE
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE distance scale; dust, extinction; galaxies: distances and redshifts;
galaxies: ISM; supernovae: general
ID 2-PARAMETER LUMINOSITY CORRECTION; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS FLUCTUATIONS;
RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; INFRARED LIGHT CURVES; DARK ENERGY; HUBBLE
CONSTANT; DECLINE-RATE; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; IMPROVED DISTANCES;
STANDARD CANDLES
AB An analysis of the first set of low-redshift (z < 0.08) Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) monitored by the Carnegie Supernova Project between 2004 and 2006 is presented. The data consist of well-sampled, high-precision optical (ugriBV) and near-infrared (NIR; YJHK(s)) light curves in a well-understood photometric system. Methods are described for deriving light-curve parameters, and for building template light curves which are used to fit SN Ia data in the ugriBVYJH bands. The intrinsic colors at maximum light are calibrated using a subsample of supernovae (SNe) assumed to have suffered little or no reddening, enabling color excesses to be estimated for the full sample. The optical-NIR color excesses allow the properties of the reddening law in the host galaxies to be studied. A low average value of the total-to-selective absorption coefficient, R(V) approximate to 1.7, is derived when using the entire sample of SNe. However, when the two highly reddened SNe (SN 2005A and SN 2006X) in the sample are excluded, a value R(V) approximate to 3.2 is obtained, similar to the standard value for the Galaxy. The red colors of these two events are well matched by a model where multiple scattering of photons by circumstellar dust steepens the effective extinction law. The absolute peak magnitudes of the SNe are studied in all bands using a two-parameter linear fit to the decline rates and the colors at maximum light, or alternatively, the color excesses. In both cases, similar results are obtained with dispersions in absolute magnitudes of 0.12-0.16 mag, depending on the specific filter-color combination. In contrast to the results obtained from the comparison of the color excesses, these fits of absolute magnitude give R(V) approximate to 1-2 when the dispersion is minimized, even when the two highly reddened SNe are excluded. This discrepancy suggests that, beyond the "normal" interstellar reddening produced in the host galaxies, there is an intrinsic dispersion in the colors of SNe Ia which is correlated with luminosity but independent of the decline rate. Finally, a Hubble diagram for the best-observed subsample of SNe is produced by combining the results of the fits of absolute magnitude versus decline rate and color excess for each filter. The resulting scatter of 0.12 mag appears to be limited by the peculiar velocities of the host galaxies as evidenced by the strong correlation between the distance-modulus residuals observed in the individual filters. The implication is that the actual precision of SNe Ia distances is 3%-4%.
C1 [Folatelli, Gaston; Phillips, M. M.; Contreras, Carlos; Stritzinger, Maximilian; Boldt, Luis; Gonzalez, Sergio; Krzeminski, Wojtek; Morrell, Nidia; Roth, Miguel; Salgado, Francisco] Carnegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile.
[Folatelli, Gaston; Hamuy, Mario; Salgado, Francisco; Miller, Nicole] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile.
[Burns, Christopher R.; Freedman, W. L.; Persson, S. E.; Madore, Barry F.; Murphy, David] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
[Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Krisciunas, Kevin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Krisciunas, Kevin] Texas A&M Univ, Mitchell Inst Fundamental Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Madore, Barry F.; Wyatt, Pamela] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Li, Weidong; Filippenko, Alexei V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Stritzinger, Maximilian] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
RP Folatelli, G (reprint author), Carnegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile.
RI Folatelli, Gaston/A-4484-2011; Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016;
OI stritzinger, maximilian/0000-0002-5571-1833
NR 78
TC 161
Z9 162
U1 0
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 1
BP 120
EP 144
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/1/120
PG 25
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 530RO
UT WOS:000272610200010
ER
PT J
AU Hedman, MM
Nicholson, PD
Baines, KH
Buratti, BJ
Sotin, C
Clark, RN
Brown, RH
French, RG
Marouf, EA
AF Hedman, M. M.
Nicholson, P. D.
Baines, K. H.
Buratti, B. J.
Sotin, C.
Clark, R. N.
Brown, R. H.
French, R. G.
Marouf, E. A.
TI THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE CASSINI DIVISION
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE occultations; planets: rings
ID SATURNS RINGS; VOYAGER OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR OCCULTATION; PLANETARY
RINGS; SHARP EDGES; SYSTEM; SATELLITES
AB The Cassini Division in Saturn's rings contains a series of eight named gaps, three of which contain dense ringlets. Observations of stellar occultations by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft have yielded similar to 40 accurate and precise measurements of the radial position of the edges of all of these gaps and ringlets. These data reveal suggestive patterns in the shapes of many of the gap edges: the outer edges of the five gaps without ringlets are circular to within 1 km, while the inner edges of six of the gaps are eccentric, with apsidal precession rates consistent with those expected for eccentric orbits near each edge. Intriguingly, the pattern speeds of these eccentric inner gap edges, together with that of the eccentric Huygens Ringlet, form a series with a characteristic spacing of 0 degrees.06 day(-1). The two gaps with non-eccentric inner edges lie near first-order inner Lindblad resonances (ILRs) with moons. One such edge is close to the 5:4 ILR with Prometheus, and the radial excursions of this edge do appear to have an m = 5 component aligned with that moon. The other resonantly confined edge is the outer edge of the B ring, which lies near the 2:1 Mimas ILR. Detailed investigation of the B-ring-edge data confirm the presence of an m = 2 perturbation on the B-ring edge, but also show that during the course of the Cassini Mission, this pattern has drifted backward relative to Mimas. Comparisons with earlier occultation measurements going back to Voyager suggest the possibility that the m = 2 pattern is actually librating relative to Mimas with a libration frequency L similar to 0 degrees.06 day(-1) (or possibly 0 degrees.12 day(-1)). In addition to the m = 2 pattern, the B-ring edge also has an m = 1 component that rotates around the planet at a rate close to the expected apsidal precession rate ((pi) over dot(B) similar to 5 degrees.06 day(-1)). Thus, the pattern speeds of the eccentric edges in the Cassini Division can be generated from various combinations of the pattern speeds of structures observed on the edge of the B ring: Omega(p) = (pi) over dot(B) - jL for j = 1, 2, 3,..., 7. We therefore suggest that most of the gaps in the Cassini Division are produced by resonances involving perturbations from the massive edge of the Bring. We find that a combination of gravitational perturbations generated by the radial excursions in the B-ring edge and the gravitational perturbations from the Mimas 2: 1 ILR yields terms in the equations of motion that should act to constrain the pericenter location of particle orbits in the vicinity of each of the eccentric inner gap edges in the Cassini Division. This alignment of pericenters could be responsible for forming the Cassini-Division Gaps and thus explain why these gaps are located where they are.
C1 [Hedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.; Sotin, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[French, R. G.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Astron, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA.
[Marouf, E. A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu
FU NASA via the Cassini-Huygens program; Cassini Project; VIMS team
FX This work was carried out with financial support from NASA via the
Cassini-Huygens program. We acknowledge the support of the Cassini
Project and the VIMS team. We thank M. Evans, M. Tiscareno, and R.
French for help in the development and validation of the code used to
reconstruct the occultation geometries. We also thank the RSS team for
sharing their data on the B-ring edge in advance of publication. We also
thank J. Burns, J. Cuzzi, C. Murray, N. Rappaport, J. Spitale, and M.
Tiscareno for stimulating and useful conversations.
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 1
BP 228
EP 251
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/1/228
PG 24
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 530RO
UT WOS:000272610200018
ER
PT J
AU Stiles, BW
Kirk, RL
Lorenz, RD
Hensley, S
Lee, E
Ostro, SJ
Allison, MD
Callahan, PS
Gim, Y
Iess, L
del Marmo, PP
Hamilton, G
Johnson, WTK
West, RD
AF Stiles, Bryan W.
Kirk, Randolph L.
Lorenz, Ralph D.
Hensley, Scott
Lee, Ella
Ostro, Steven J.
Allison, Michael D.
Callahan, Philip S.
Gim, Yonggyu
Iess, Luciano
del Marmo, Paolo Perci
Hamilton, Gary
Johnson, William T. K.
West, Richard D.
CA Cassini RADAR Team
TI DETERMINING TITAN'S SPIN STATE FROM CASSINI RADAR IMAGES (vol 135, pg
1669, 2008)
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Stiles, Bryan W.; Hensley, Scott; Ostro, Steven J.; Callahan, Philip S.; Gim, Yonggyu; Hamilton, Gary; Johnson, William T. K.; West, Richard D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Kirk, Randolph L.; Lee, Ella] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Allison, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Iess, Luciano; del Marmo, Paolo Perci] Univ Rome, Dept Aerosp Engn & Astronaut, Rome, Italy.
RP Stiles, BW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RI IESS, Luciano/F-4902-2011; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016
OI IESS, Luciano/0000-0002-6230-5825; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644
NR 2
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 1
BP 311
EP 311
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/1/311
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 530RO
UT WOS:000272610200024
ER
PT J
AU Cocchi, M
Farinelli, R
Paizis, A
Titarchuk, L
AF Cocchi, M.
Farinelli, R.
Paizis, A.
Titarchuk, L.
TI Wide band observations of the X-ray burster GS 1826-238
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE X-rays: general; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individuals: GS 1826-238
ID COMPTONIZATION; GS-1826-238; EMISSION; BINARIES; SPECTRA
AB Context. GS 1826-238 is a well-studied X-ray bursting neutron star in a low mass binary system. Thermal Comptonisation by a hot electron cloud (kT(e) similar to 20 keV) is a widely accepted mechanism accounting for its high energy emission, while the nature of most of its soft X-ray output is not completely understood. A further low energy component is typically needed to model the observed spectra: pure blackbody and Comptonisation-modified blackbody radiation by a lower temperature (a few keV) electron plasma were suggested to explain the low energy data.
Aims. In order to better characterise the nature of the low energy emission and the bolometric output of the source, the steady emission of GS 1826-238 is studied by means of sensitive, broad band (X to soft Gamma-rays) measurements obtained by the INTEGRAL observatory.
Methods. In this data analysis, the newly developed, up-to-date Comptonisation model COMPTB is applied for the first time to study effectively the low-hard state variability of a low-luminosity neutron star in a low-mass X-ray binary system. Three joint ISGRI/JEM-X data sets (two from observations performed in 2003 and one from 2006) were analysed.
Results. We confirm that the 3-200 keV emission of GS 1826-238 is characterised by Comptonisation of soft seed photons by a hot electron plasma. A single spectral component is sufficient to model the observed spectra. At lower energies, no direct blackbody emission is observed and there is no need to postulate a low temperature Compton region. Compared to the 2003 measurements, the plasma temperature decreased from similar to 20 to similar to 14 keV in 2006, together with the seed photons temperature. The source intensity was also found to be similar to 30% lower in 2006, whilst the average recurrence frequency of the X-ray bursts significantly increased. Possible explanations for this apparent deviation from the typical limit-cycle behaviour of this burster are discussed.
C1 [Cocchi, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Sez Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Farinelli, R.; Titarchuk, L.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
[Paizis, A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy.
[Titarchuk, L.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Titarchuk, L.] USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Titarchuk, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Cocchi, M (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Sez Roma, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
EM Massimo.Cocchi@iasf-roma.inaf.it
OI Paizis, Adamantia/0000-0001-5067-0377
FU INAF [PRIN 2007]; Italian Space Agency [I/008/07/0]
FX This work has been supported by the grant from the INAF PRIN 2007 Bulk
motion Comptonization models in X-ray Binaries: from phenomenology to
physics, PI M. Cocchi. A. P. acknowledges the Italian Space Agency
financial and programmatic support via contract I/008/07/0. The authors
thank C. Ferrigno and A. Segreto for useful suggestions and tips.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 509
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912796
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 550VM
UT WOS:000274159400014
ER
PT J
AU Doherty, M
Tanaka, M
De Breuck, C
Ly, C
Kodama, T
Kurk, J
Seymour, N
Vernet, J
Stern, D
Venemans, B
Kajisawa, M
Tanaka, I
AF Doherty, M.
Tanaka, M.
De Breuck, C.
Ly, C.
Kodama, T.
Kurk, J.
Seymour, N.
Vernet, J.
Stern, D.
Venemans, B.
Kajisawa, M.
Tanaka, I.
TI Optical and near-IR spectroscopy of candidate red galaxies in two z
similar to 2.5 proto-clusters
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies: clusters: individual: MRC 1138-262; galaxies: clusters:
individual: MRC 0943-242; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift;
large-scale structure of Universe; infrared: galaxies
ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; GOODS-MUSIC SAMPLE; H-ALPHA EMITTERS;
HIGH-REDSHIFT; RADIO GALAXY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; STELLAR POPULATIONS;
SUBARU TELESCOPE; MASSIVE GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION
AB We present a spectroscopic campaign to follow-up red colour-selected candidate massive galaxies in two high redshift proto-clusters surrounding radio galaxies. We observed a total of 57 galaxies in the field of MRC0943-242 (z = 2.93) and 33 in the field of MRC 1138-262 (z = 2.16) with a mix of optical and near-infrared multi-object spectroscopy.
We confirm two red galaxies in the field of MRC 1138-262 at the redshift of the radio galaxy. Based on an analysis of their spectral energy distributions, and their derived star formation rates from the Ha and observed frame 24 mu m flux, one object belongs to the class of dust-obscured star-forming red galaxies, while the other is evolved with little ongoing star formation. This result represents the first red and mainly passively evolving galaxy to be confirmed as companion galaxies in a z > 2 proto-cluster. Both red galaxies in MRC 1138-262 are massive, of the order of 4-6 x 10(11) M(circle dot). They lie along a colour-magnitude relation which implies that they formed the bulk of their stellar population around z = 4.
In the MRC0943-242 field we find no red galaxies at the redshift of the radio galaxy but we do confirm the effectiveness of our JHK(s) selection of galaxies at 2.3 < z < 3.1, finding that 10 out of 18 (56%) of JHK(s)-selected galaxies whose redshifts could be measured fall within this redshift range. We also serendipitously identify an interesting foreground structure of 6 galaxies at z = 2.6 in the field of MRC0943-242. This may be a proto-cluster itself, but complicates any interpretation of the red sequence build-up in MRC 0943-242 until more redshifts can be measured.
C1 [Doherty, M.] European So Observ, ESO Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
[Tanaka, M.; De Breuck, C.; Vernet, J.; Venemans, B.] European So Observ, ESO Garching, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Ly, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Kodama, T.; Kajisawa, M.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
[Kurk, J.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Kurk, J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-68165 Garching, Germany.
[Seymour, N.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Kajisawa, M.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Tanaka, I.] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
RP Doherty, M (reprint author), European So Observ, ESO Santiago, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago, Chile.
EM mdoherty@eso.org
OI Vernet, Joel/0000-0002-8639-8560; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536;
De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315
FU Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Science [18684004,
21340045]; NASA [NNX08AW14H]; DFG [SFB 439]
FX We thank the referee G. Zamorani for a very constructive referee report,
which has substantially improved this paper. This work was financially
supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos.
18684004 and 21340045) by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports and Science. CL is supported by NASA grant NNX08AW14H through
their Graduate Student Researcher Program (GSRP). We thank Dr. Bruzual
and Dr. Charlot for kindly providing us with their latest population
synthesis code. M. D. thanks Andy Bunker and Rob Sharp for useful
discussions on manipulating MOIRCS data. The work of DS was carried out
at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
a contract with NASA. J. K. acknowledges financial support from DFG
grant SFB 439. The authors wish to respectfully acknowledge the
significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has
always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are fortunate to
have the opportunity to conduct scientific observations from this
mountain.
NR 49
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 509
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912868
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 550VM
UT WOS:000274159400094
ER
PT J
AU Perlman, ES
Georganopoulos, M
May, EM
Kazanas, D
AF Perlman, Eric S.
Georganopoulos, Markos
May, Emily M.
Kazanas, Demosthenes
TI CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 445 AND THE HOT SPOT X-RAY
EMISSION MECHANISM
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (3C 445); galaxies: jets; radio
continuum: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTHS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC
NUCLEI; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; PICTOR-A; CYGNUS-A; EXTRAGALACTIC JETS;
RELATIVISTIC JETS; OPTICAL-EMISSION; SYNCHROTRON
AB We present new Chandra observations of the radio galaxy 3C 445, centered on its southern radio hot spot. Our observations detect X-ray emission displaced upstream and to the west of the radio-optical hot spot. Attempting to reproduce both the observed spectral energy distribution and the displacement excludes all one-zone models. Modeling of the radio-optical hot spot spectrum suggests that the electron distribution has a low-energy cutoff or break approximately at the proton rest mass energy. The X-rays could be due to external Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background coming from the fast (Lorentz factor Gamma approximate to 4) part of a decelerating flow, but this requires a small angle between the jet velocity and the observer's line of sight (theta approximate to 14 degrees). Alternatively, the X-ray emission can be synchrotron from a separate population of electrons. This last interpretation does not require the X-ray emission to be beamed.
C1 [Perlman, Eric S.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Georganopoulos, Markos] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Georganopoulos, Markos; Kazanas, Demosthenes] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[May, Emily M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Perlman, ES (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
OI Perlman, Eric/0000-0002-3099-1664
FU Chandra [G07-8113A]; NASA LTSA [NNX07AM17G]; National Science Foundation
[NSFAST-0552798]; Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU);
Department of Defense (DoD)
FX We thank an anonymous referee for comments that significantly
strengthened this paper. This work was supported at FIT and UMBC by the
Chandra grant G07-8113A and the NASA LTSA grant NNX07AM17G. This project
was also partially funded by a partnership between the National Science
Foundation (NSFAST-0552798), Research Experiences for Undergraduates
(REU), and the Department of Defense (DoD) ASSURE (Awards to Stimulate
and Support Undergraduate Research Experiences) programs.
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/1
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400001
ER
PT J
AU Schnee, S
Enoch, M
Noriega-Crespo, A
Sayers, J
Terebey, S
Caselli, P
Foster, J
Goodman, A
Kauffmann, J
Padgett, D
Rebull, L
Sargent, A
Shetty, R
AF Schnee, Scott
Enoch, Melissa
Noriega-Crespo, Alberto
Sayers, Jack
Terebey, Susan
Caselli, Paola
Foster, Jonathan
Goodman, Alyssa
Kauffmann, Jens
Padgett, Deborah
Rebull, Luisa
Sargent, Anneila
Shetty, Rahul
TI THE DUST EMISSIVITY SPECTRAL INDEX IN THE STARLESS CORE TMC-1C
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE dust, extinction; stars: formation
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; INITIAL CONDITIONS;
SILICATE GRAINS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; MU-M; CONTINUUM; SPITZER; PERSEUS;
TAURUS
AB In this paper, we present a dust emission map of the starless core TMC-1C taken at 2100 mu m. Along with maps at 160, 450, 850, and 1200 mu m, we study the dust emissivity spectral index from the (sub)millimeter spectral energy distribution, and find that it is close to the typically assumed value of beta = 2. We also map the dust temperature and column density in TMC-1C, and find that at the position of the dust peak (A(V) similar to 50) the line-of-sight-averaged temperature is similar to 7 K. Employing simple Monte Carlo modeling, we show that the data are consistent with a constant value for the emissivity spectral index over the whole map of TMC-1C.
C1 [Schnee, Scott; Shetty, Rahul] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Enoch, Melissa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Noriega-Crespo, Alberto; Padgett, Deborah; Rebull, Luisa] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Sayers, Jack] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Terebey, Susan] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron PS315, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
[Caselli, Paola] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Foster, Jonathan; Goodman, Alyssa; Kauffmann, Jens; Shetty, Rahul] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Schnee, S (reprint author), NRC HIA, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada.
EM scott.schnee@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
RI Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010;
OI Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X
FU National Science Foundation [AST 05-40399]; NASA Postdoctoral Program;
Spitzer Space Telescope; INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain);
NSF [AST 02-29008]
FX We thank our referee, Yancy Shirley, for comments that improved the
clarity of this paper. S.S. acknowledges support from the Owens Valley
Radio Observatory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation
through grant AST 05-40399. J.S. was partially supported by a NASA
Postdoctoral Program Fellowship. Support was provided to M.E. by NASA
through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program. The JCMT is
operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre on behalf of the Particle Physics
and Astronomy Research Council of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands
Organisation for Scientific Research, and the National Research Council
of Canada. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and
IGN (Spain). The CSO is supported by the NSF fund under contract AST
02-29008.
NR 43
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 127
EP 136
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/127
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400013
ER
PT J
AU Perlman, ES
Padgett, CA
Georganopoulos, M
Worrall, DM
Kastner, JH
Franz, G
Birkinshaw, M
Dulwich, F
O'Dea, CP
Baum, SA
Sparks, WB
Biretta, JA
Lara, L
Jester, S
Martel, A
AF Perlman, E. S.
Padgett, C. A.
Georganopoulos, M.
Worrall, D. M.
Kastner, J. H.
Franz, G.
Birkinshaw, M.
Dulwich, F.
O'Dea, C. P.
Baum, S. A.
Sparks, W. B.
Biretta, J. A.
Lara, L.
Jester, S.
Martel, A.
TI A MULTI-WAVELENGTH SPECTRAL AND POLARIMETRIC STUDY OF THE JET OF 3C 264
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies: active; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies:
jets; polarization; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
ID I RADIO-GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL SYNCHROTRON JET;
EMISSION-LINE NEBULAE; X-RAY-EMISSION; M87 JET; FR-I;
PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; EXTRAGALACTIC JETS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS
AB We present a comprehensive multi-band spectral and polarimetric study of the jet of 3C 264 (NGC 3862). Included in this study are three Hubble Space Telescope (HST) optical and ultraviolet polarimetry data sets, along with new and archival Very Large Array radio imaging and polarimetry, a re-analysis of numerous HST broadband data sets from the near infrared to the far ultraviolet, and a Chandra ACIS-S observation. We investigate similarities and differences between optical and radio polarimetry, in both degree of polarization and projected magnetic field direction. We also examine the broadband spectral energy distribution of both the nucleus and jet of 3C 264, from the radio through the X-rays. From this, we place constraints on the physics of the 3C 264 system, the jet and its dynamics. We find significant curvature of the spectrum from the near-IR to ultraviolet, and synchrotron breaks steeper than 0.5, a situation also encountered in the jet of M87. This likely indicates velocity and/or magnetic field gradients and more efficient particle acceleration localized in the faster/higher magnetic field parts of the flow. The magnetic field structure of the 3C 264 jet is remarkably smooth; however, we do find complex magnetic field structure that is correlated with changes in the optical spectrum. We find that the X-ray emission is due to the synchrotron process; we model the jet spectrum and discuss mechanisms for accelerating particles to the needed energies, together with implications for the orientation of the jet under a possible spine-sheath model.
C1 [Perlman, E. S.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Perlman, E. S.; Padgett, C. A.; Georganopoulos, M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Padgett, C. A.; Georganopoulos, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.; Dulwich, F.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England.
[Kastner, J. H.; Franz, G.; O'Dea, C. P.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Baum, S. A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Sparks, W. B.; Biretta, J. A.; Martel, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Lara, L.] Univ Granada, Dpto Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
[Jester, S.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Perlman, ES (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
EM eperlman@fit.edu
FU National Aeronautics; Space Administration; Chandra X-rayObservatory
Center [SAO-05701071]; National Aeronautics Space Administration
[NAS8-03060]; NASA LTSA [NNX07AM17G, NNG05GD63ZG, NAG5-9997]; NASA ATFP
[NNX08AG77G]; HST [GO-9847.01, GO-9142.01]
FX Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS
5-26555. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number SAO-05701071
issued by the Chandra X-rayObservatory Center, which is operated by the
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National
Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. The National
Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science
Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated
Universities, Inc. Research on jets at FIT and UMBC is funded by NASA
LTSA grants NNX07AM17G, NNG05GD63ZG, and NAG5-9997, as well as NASA ATFP
grant NNX08AG77G. Other support for this work came from HST grants
GO-9847.01 and GO-9142.01. We thank an anonymous referee for comments
that significantly improved this work.
NR 82
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 171
EP 187
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/171
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400016
ER
PT J
AU Turner, NJ
Carballido, A
Sano, T
AF Turner, N. J.
Carballido, A.
Sano, T.
TI DUST TRANSPORT IN PROTOSTELLAR DISKS THROUGH TURBULENCE AND SETTLING
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE circumstellar matter; instabilities; MHD; solar system: formation;
stars: formation
ID T-TAURI STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE;
SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; HH-30
CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; WEAKLY MAGNETIZED DISKS; ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; 2
SPACE DIMENSIONS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
AB We apply ionization balance and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) calculations to investigate whether magnetic activity moderated by recombination on dust grains can account for the mass accretion rates and the mid-infrared spectra and variability of protostellar disks. The MHD calculations use the stratified shearing-box approach and include grain settling and the feedback from the changing dust abundance on the resistivity of the gas. The two-decade spread in accretion rates among solar-mass T Tauri stars is too large to result solely from variations in the grain size and stellar X-ray luminosity, but can plausibly be produced by varying these parameters together with the disk magnetic flux. The diverse shapes and strengths of the mid-infrared silicate bands can come from the coupling of grain settling to the distribution of the magnetorotational turbulence, through the following three effects. First, recombination on grains 1 mu m or smaller yields a magnetically inactive dead zone extending more than two scale heights from the midplane, while turbulent motions in the magnetically active disk atmosphere overshoot the dead zone boundary by only about one scale height. Second, grains deep in the dead zone oscillate vertically in wave motions driven by the turbulent layer above, but on average settle at the rates found in laminar flow, so that the interior of the dead zone is a particle sink and the disk atmosphere will become dust-depleted unless resupplied from elsewhere. Third, with sufficient depletion, the dead zone is thinner and mixing dredges grains off the midplane. The last of these processes enables evolutionary signatures such as the degree of settling to sometimes decrease with age. The MHD results also show that the magnetic activity intermittently lifts clouds of small grains into the atmosphere. Consequently the photosphere height changes by up to one-third over timescales of a few orbits, while the extinction along lines of sight grazing the disk surface varies by factors of 2 over times down to a tenth of an orbit. We suggest that the changing shadows cast by the dust clouds on the outer disk are a cause of the daily to monthly mid-infrared variability found in many young stars.
C1 [Turner, N. J.; Carballido, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Carballido, A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Sano, T.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
RP Turner, NJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM neal.turner@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Sano, Takayoshi/E-7860-2010
FU JPL Research and Technology Development; NASA
FX We gratefully acknowledge discussions with S. Desch, C. Dullemond, A.
Glassgold, J. Goodman, K. Kretke, and M. Wardle. The work was carried
out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, with the support of the JPL Research and Technology
Development and NASA Solar Systems Origins Programs.
NR 84
TC 76
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U1 0
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 188
EP 201
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/188
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400017
ER
PT J
AU Abbas, MM
Kandadi, H
LeClair, A
Achterberg, RK
Flasar, FM
Kunde, VG
Conrath, BJ
Bjoraker, G
Brasunas, J
Carlson, R
Jennings, DE
Segura, M
AF Abbas, M. M.
Kandadi, H.
LeClair, A.
Achterberg, R. K.
Flasar, F. M.
Kunde, V. G.
Conrath, B. J.
Bjoraker, G.
Brasunas, J.
Carlson, R.
Jennings, D. E.
Segura, M.
TI D/H RATIO OF TITAN FROM OBSERVATIONS OF THE CASSINI/COMPOSITE INFRARED
SPECTROMETER
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE molecular data; planetary nebulae: individual (Saturn); planets and
satellites: individual (Saturn, Titan)
ID ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS;
SOLAR-SYSTEM; ORIGIN; SPECTRA; METHANE; ABUNDANCE; SURFACE; SATURN
AB The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) aboard the Cassini spacecraft, launched in 1997 October and inserted into Saturn's orbit in 2004 July for exploration of the Saturnian system, has been making observations of Titan during its close flybys. The infrared spectra of Titan observed over a wide range of latitudes cover the 10-1400 cm(-1) spectral region with variable apodized resolutions from 0.53 to 15 cm-1. The spectra exhibit features of the nu(4) band of methane (CH(4)) in the 1300 cm(-1) region, and the deuterated isotope of methane (CH(3)D) centered around 1156 cm(-1), along with features of many trace constituents in other spectral regions, comprising hydrocarbons and nitriles in Titan's atmosphere. An analysis of the observed infrared spectra in the 1300 cm(-1) and 1156 cm(-1) regions, respectively, permits retrieval of the thermal structure and the CH(3)D distributions of Titan's atmosphere. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the CIRS infrared spectra for retrieval of the CH(3)D abundance and the corresponding D/H ratio in Titan's atmosphere. The analysis is based on the 0.53 cm(-1) resolution infrared spectra obtained during the Titan flybys from 2004 July 3 to 2008 May 28 over a range of latitudes extending from 74.degrees 4 N to 84.degrees 9 S. Using the CH(4) mixing ratio of 1.4 x 10(-2) as measured by the Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer on the Huygens probe on the Cassini mission, we determine the D/H ratio of Titan as (1.58 +/- 0.16) x 10(-4), where the 1 sigma uncertainty includes the standard deviation due to spectral noise and the estimated errors arising from uncertainties in the temperature retrieval, the mixing ratio of CH(4), and the spectral line parameters. Comparison of this value with the previously measured values for Titan as well as in other astrophysical sources, and its possible implications are discussed.
C1 [Abbas, M. M.; LeClair, A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Kandadi, H.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Achterberg, R. K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Flasar, F. M.; Bjoraker, G.; Brasunas, J.; Carlson, R.; Jennings, D. E.; Segura, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kunde, V. G.; Segura, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Conrath, B. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Carlson, R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RP Abbas, MM (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
EM mian.m.abbas@nasa.gov; harini.kandadi@uah.edu; andre.c.leClair@nasa.gov;
richard.achterberg@nasa.gov; f.m.flasar@nasa.gov;
virgil.g.kunde@gsfc.nasa.gov; conrath@astro.cornell.edu;
gordon.l.bjoraker@nasa.gov; john.c.brasunas@nasa.gov;
ronald.c.carlson@nasa.gov; donald.e.jennings@nasa.gov;
maraa.e.garcia@nasa.gov
RI Flasar, F Michael/C-8509-2012; Bjoraker, Gordon/D-5032-2012; Jennings,
Donald/D-7978-2012; brasunas, john/I-2798-2013
NR 68
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 342
EP 353
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/342
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400030
ER
PT J
AU Berghea, CT
Dudik, RP
Weaver, KA
Kallman, TR
AF Berghea, C. T.
Dudik, R. P.
Weaver, K. A.
Kallman, T. R.
TI THE FIRST DETECTION OF [O IV] FROM AN ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE WITH
SPITZER. I. OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS FOR HOLMBERG II ULX
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE black hole physics; galaxies: individual (Holmberg II); infrared: ISM;
X-rays: binaries
ID NEARBY GALAXIES SURVEY; MASS BLACK-HOLES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS;
XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; EXTERNAL GALAXIES;
ACCRETION DISKS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO-EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We present the first Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph observations of the [O IV] 25.89 mu m emission line detected from the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in Holmberg II. This line is a well-established signature of high excitation, usually associated with active galactic nucleus (AGN). Its detection suggests that the ULX has a strong impact on the surrounding gas. A Spitzer high-resolution spectral map shows that the [O IV] is coincident with the X-ray position of the ULX. The ratios of the [O IV] to lower-ionization lines are similar to those observed in AGN, suggesting that a strong UV and X-ray source is responsible for the photoionization. The best XMM-Newton data are used to model the X-ray band which is then extrapolated into the UV. We perform infrared and ultraviolet photometry, and use previously published optical and radio data to construct the full spectral energy distribution (SED) for the ULX and its companion. The preferred model to describe the SED includes an accretion disk which dominates the soft X-rays but contributes little at UV and optical wavelengths. The optical counterpart is consistent with a B supergiant as previously suggested in other studies. The bolometric luminosity of the ULX suggests the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole with mass >85 M(circle dot) for sub-Eddington accretion or, alternatively, a stellar-mass black hole that is accreting at super-Eddington rates. In a follow-up second paper, we perform detailed photoionization modeling of the infrared lines in order to constrain the bolometric luminosity of the ULX.
C1 [Berghea, C. T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Berghea, C. T.; Dudik, R. P.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA.
[Weaver, K. A.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Berghea, CT (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
EM 79berghea@cardinalmail.cua.edu; rpdudik@usno.navy.mil
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX C. T. B. is grateful to Lisa Winter for allowing us to use the processed
XMM-Newton data. He thanks Richard Mushotzky, Lisa Winter, and Marcio
Melendez for helpful discussions, R. P. D. gratefully acknowledges
financial support from the NASA Graduate Student Research Program. This
research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)
which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer
Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. SMART was
developed by the IRS Team at Cornell University and is available through
the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech. We thank the referee for very
helpful and constructive comments that have significantly improved this
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PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 354
EP 363
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/354
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400031
ER
PT J
AU Berghea, CT
Dudik, RP
Weaver, KA
Kallman, TR
AF Berghea, C. T.
Dudik, R. P.
Weaver, K. A.
Kallman, T. R.
TI THE FIRST DETECTION OF [O IV] FROM AN ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE WITH
SPITZER. II. EVIDENCE FOR HIGH LUMINOSITY IN HOLMBERG II ULX
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE black hole physics; galaxies: individual (Holmberg II); infrared: ISM;
X-rays: binaries
ID MASS BLACK-HOLES; NEARBY GALAXIES; RADIO-EMISSION; NEBULA; SPECTROSCOPY;
DIAGNOSTICS; REGIONS; MODELS
AB This is the second of two papers examining Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in Holmberg II. Here, we perform detailed photoionization modeling of the infrared lines. Our analysis suggests that the luminosity and morphology of the [O IV] 25.89 mu m emission line is consistent with photoionization by the soft X-ray and far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from the accretion disk of the binary system and inconsistent with narrow beaming. We show that the emission nebula is matter-bounded both in the line-of-sight direction and to the east, and probably radiation-bounded to the west. A bolometric luminosity in excess of 10(40) erg s(-1) would be needed to produce the measured [O IV] flux. We use modeling and previously published studies to conclude that shocks likely contribute very little, if at all, to the high-ionization line fluxes observed in the Holmberg II ULX. Additionally, we find that the spectral type of the companion star has a surprisingly strong effect on the predicted strength of the [O IV] emission. This finding could explain the origin of [O IV] in some starburst systems containing black hole binaries.
C1 [Berghea, C. T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Berghea, C. T.; Dudik, R. P.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA.
[Weaver, K. A.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Berghea, CT (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
EM 79berghea@cardinalmail.cua.edu; rpdudik@usno.navy.mil
FU NASA
FX C. T. B. thanks Richard Mushotzky and Lisa Winter for helpful
discussions, and Nicholas Sterling and Marcio Melendez for their help
with CLOUDY. R. P. D. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the
NASA Graduate Student Research Program. This work is based on
observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under
a contract with NASA. We thank the referee for very helpful and
constructive comments that have significantly improved this paper.
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PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 364
EP 374
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/364
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400032
ER
PT J
AU Crenshaw, DM
Schmitt, HR
Kraemer, SB
Mushotzky, RF
Dunn, JP
AF Crenshaw, D. M.
Schmitt, H. R.
Kraemer, S. B.
Mushotzky, R. F.
Dunn, J. P.
TI RADIAL VELOCITY OFFSETS DUE TO MASS OUTFLOWS AND EXTINCTION IN ACTIVE
GALACTIC NUCLEI
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies: active; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: Seyfert
ID NARROW-LINE REGION; QUASAR SDSS J092712.65+294344.0; SEYFERT-2 GALAXY
NGC-1068; EMISSION-LINE; BLACK-HOLE; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; NGC 4151;
RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; DUST MORPHOLOGY; IONIZED-GAS
AB We present a study of the radial velocity offsets between narrow emission lines and host galaxy lines (stellar absorption and Hi 21 cm emission) in Seyfert galaxies with observed redshifts less than 0.043. We find that 35% of the Seyferts in the sample show [O III] emission lines with blueshifts with respect to their host galaxies exceeding 50 km s(-1), whereas only 6% show redshifts this large, in qualitative agreement with most previous studies. We also find that a greater percentage of Seyfert 1 galaxies show blueshifts than Seyfert 2 galaxies. Using Hubble Spce Talescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spatially resolved spectra of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 and the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we generate geometric models of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and inner galactic disks, and show how these models can explain the blueshifted [O III] emission lines in collapsed STIS spectra of these two Seyferts. We conclude that the combination of mass outflow of ionized gas in the NLR and extinction by dust in the inner disk (primarily in the form of dust spirals) is primarily responsible for the velocity offsets in Seyfert galaxies. More exotic explanations are not needed. We discuss the implications of this result for the velocity offsets found in higher redshift active galactic nuclei.
C1 [Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Astron Off, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
[Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Schmitt, H. R.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA.
[Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Mushotzky, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Dunn, J. P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Crenshaw, DM (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Astron Off, Dept Phys & Astron, 1 Pk Pl S SE,Suite 700, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
EM crenshaw@chara.gsu.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)
which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data
System Bibliographic Services.
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PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 419
EP 426
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/419
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400037
ER
PT J
AU Shanmugaraju, A
Moon, YJ
Cho, KS
Bong, SC
Gopalswamy, N
Akiyama, S
Yashiro, S
Umapathy, S
Vrsnak, B
AF Shanmugaraju, A.
Moon, Y. -J.
Cho, K. -S.
Bong, S. C.
Gopalswamy, N.
Akiyama, S.
Yashiro, S.
Umapathy, S.
Vrsnak, B.
TI QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS IN LASCO CORONAL MASS EJECTION SPEEDS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); solar wind
ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; AERODYNAMIC DRAG; ACCELERATION; ERUPTIONS; DYNAMICS;
FORCES; LOOPS
AB Quasi-periodic oscillations in the speed profile of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the radial distance range 2-30 solar radii are studied. We considered the height-time data of the 307 CMEs recorded by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) during 2005 January-March. In order to study the speed-distance profile of the CMEs, we have used only 116 events for which there are at least 10 height-time measurements made in the LASCO field of view. The instantaneous CME speed is estimated using a pair of height-time data points, providing the speed-distance profile. We found quasi-periodic patterns in at least 15 speed-distance profiles, where the speed amplitudes are larger than the speed errors. For these events we have determined the speed amplitude and period of oscillations. The periods of quasi-periodic oscillations are found in the range 48-240 minutes, tending to increase with height. The oscillations have similar properties as those reported by Krall et al., who interpreted them in terms of the flux-rope model. The nature of forces responsible for the motion of CMEs and their oscillations are discussed.
C1 [Shanmugaraju, A.] Arul Anandar Coll, Dept Phys, Karumathur 625514, India.
[Moon, Y. -J.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, South Korea.
[Cho, K. -S.; Bong, S. C.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea.
[Gopalswamy, N.; Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Umapathy, S.] Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Sch Phys, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Vrsnak, B.] Hvar Observ, Fac Geodesy, Zagreb, Croatia.
RP Shanmugaraju, A (reprint author), Arul Anandar Coll, Dept Phys, Karumathur 625514, India.
EM shanmugaraju_a@yahoo.com; moonyj@khu.ac.kr
RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013
FU WCU; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10016];
Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-314-C00158, 20090071744]
FX We thank the referee for his/ her comments on this paper. This work has
been supported by the " Development of Korean Space Weather Center" of
KASI and KASI basic research funds. Y. J. M. has been supported by the
WCU grant (No. R31-10016) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology, and by the Korea Research Foundation Grant
funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund;
KRF-2008-314-C00158, 20090071744). This CME catalog is generated and
maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University
of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a
project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.
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PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 450
EP 455
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/450
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400041
ER
PT J
AU Todorov, K
Deming, D
Harrington, J
Stevenson, KB
Bowman, WC
Nymeyer, S
Fortney, JJ
Bakos, GA
AF Todorov, Kamen
Deming, Drake
Harrington, Jospeph
Stevenson, Kevin B.
Bowman, William C.
Nymeyer, Sarah
Fortney, Jonathan J.
Bakos, Gaspar A.
TI SPITZER IRAC SECONDARY ECLIPSE PHOTOMETRY OF THE TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR
PLANET HAT-P-1b
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE eclipses; planetary systems; techniques: photometric
ID INFRARED-EMISSION SPECTRUM; EXOPLANET HD 189733B; THERMAL EMISSION;
TEMPERATURE INVERSION; HOT JUPITERS; GIANT PLANETS; LIGHT CURVES;
ATMOSPHERES; 209458B; SEARCH
AB We report Spitzer/IRAC photometry of the transiting giant exoplanet HAT-P-1b during its secondary eclipse. This planet lies near the postulated boundary between the pM and pL-class of hot Jupiters, and is important as a test of models for temperature inversions in hot Jupiter atmospheres. We derive eclipse depths for HAT-P-1b, in units of the stellar flux, that are: 0.080%+/- 0.008% [3.6 mu m], 0.135%+/- 0.022% [4.5 mu m], 0.203%+/- 0.031% [5.8 mu m], and 0.238%+/- 0.040% [8.0 mu m]. These values are best fit using an atmosphere with a modest temperature inversion, intermediate between the archetype inverted atmosphere (HD 209458b) and a model without an inversion. The observations also suggest that this planet is radiating a large fraction of the available stellar irradiance on its dayside, with little available for redistribution by circulation. This planet has sometimes been speculated to be inflated by tidal dissipation, based on its large radius in discovery observations, and on a non-zero orbital eccentricity allowed by the radial velocity data. The timing of the secondary eclipse is very sensitive to orbital eccentricity, and we find that the central phase of the eclipse is 0.4999 +/- 0.0005. The difference between the expected and observed phase indicates that the orbit is close to circular, with a 3 sigma limit of vertical bar e cos omega vertical bar < 0.002.
C1 [Todorov, Kamen; Deming, Drake] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Harrington, Jospeph; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Bowman, William C.; Nymeyer, Sarah] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Planetary Sci Grp, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Fortney, Jonathan J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Bakos, Gaspar A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Todorov, Kamen] Connecticut Coll, Dept Phys Astron & Geophys, New London, CT 06320 USA.
RP Todorov, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RI Harrington, Joseph/E-6250-2011;
OI Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354; Todorov,
Kamen/0000-0002-9276-8118; Stevenson, Kevin/0000-0002-7352-7941;
Harrington, Joseph/0000-0002-8955-8531
FU NASA
FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space
Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support
for this work was provided by NASA. We are grateful to the anonymous
referee for thoughtful comments that improved this paper.
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PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 498
EP 504
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/498
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400047
ER
PT J
AU Eckart, ME
McGreer, ID
Stern, D
Harrison, FA
Helfand, DJ
AF Eckart, Megan E.
McGreer, Ian D.
Stern, Daniel
Harrison, Fiona A.
Helfand, David J.
TI A COMPARISON OF X-RAY AND MID-INFRARED SELECTION OF OBSCURED ACTIVE
GALACTIC NUCLEI
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies: active; infrared: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies
ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; DEEP-FIELD-NORTH;
DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SPECTRAL
ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; IDENTIFICATION SEXSI PROGRAM; MULTIBAND IMAGING
PHOTOMETER; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; OPTICAL-IDENTIFICATION
AB We compare the relative merits of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selection at X-ray and mid-infrared wavelengths using data from moderately deep fields observed by both Chandra and Spitzer. The X-ray-selected AGN sample and associated photometric and spectroscopic optical follow-up are drawn from a subset of fields studied as part of the Serendipitous Extragalactic X-ray Source Identification (SEXSI) program. Mid-infrared data in these fields are derived from targeted and archival Spitzer imaging, and mid-infrared AGN selection is accomplished primarily through application of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) color-color AGN "wedge" selection technique. Nearly all X-ray sources in these fields which exhibit clear spectroscopic signatures of AGN activity have mid-infrared colors consistent with IRAC AGN selection. These are predominantly the most luminous X-ray sources. X-ray sources that lack high-ionization and/or broad lines in their optical spectra are far less likely to be selected as AGNs by mid-infrared color selection techniques. The fraction of X-ray sources identified as AGNs in the mid-infrared increases monotonically as the X-ray luminosity increases. Conversely, only 22% of mid-infrared-selected AGNs are detected at X-ray energies in the moderately deep (< t(exp)> approximate to 100 ks) SEXSI Chandra data. We hypothesize that IRAC sources with AGN colors that lack X-ray detections are predominantly high-luminosity AGNs that are obscured and/or lie at high redshift. A stacking analysis of X-ray-undetected sources shows that objects in the mid-infrared AGN selection wedge have average X-ray fluxes in the 2-8 keV band 3 times higher than sources that fall outside the wedge. Their X-ray spectra are also harder. The hardness ratio of the wedge-selected stack is consistent with moderate intrinsic obscuration, but is not suggestive of a highly obscured, Compton-thick source population. It is evident from this comparative study that in order to create a complete, unbiased census of supermassive black hole growth and evolution, a combination of sensitive infrared, X-ray, and hard X-ray selection is required. We conclude by discussing what samples will be provided by upcoming survey missions such as WISE, eROSITA, and NuSTAR.
C1 [Eckart, Megan E.; Harrison, Fiona A.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Eckart, Megan E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[McGreer, Ian D.; Helfand, David J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[McGreer, Ian D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Helfand, David J.] Quest Univ Canada, Squamish, BC V8B0N8, Canada.
RP Eckart, ME (reprint author), CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Mail Stop 290-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
FU NASA [1314516]
FX This work is based on observations made with Spitzer, which is operated
by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of the Technology
under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA). Support for this work was provided by NASA through award number
1314516 issued by JPL/Caltech. The authors thank the anonymous referee
for his/her careful read and unusually diligent comments as well as
Lewis Kotredes for assistance with Spitzer data reduction. M. E. E.
acknowledges support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program.
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PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 584
EP 597
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/584
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400052
ER
PT J
AU Abbasi, R
Abdou, Y
Ackermann, M
Adams, J
Ahlers, M
Andeen, K
Auffenberg, J
Bai, X
Baker, M
Barwick, SW
Bay, R
Alba, JLB
Beattie, K
Bechet, S
Becker, JK
Becker, KH
Benabderrahmane, ML
Berdermann, J
Berghaus, P
Berley, D
Bernardini, E
Bertrand, D
Besson, DZ
Bissok, M
Blaufuss, E
Boersma, DJ
Bohm, C
Bolmont, J
Boeser, S
Botner, O
Bradley, L
Braun, J
Breder, D
Burgess, T
Castermans, T
Chirkin, D
Christy, B
Clem, J
Cohen, S
Cowen, DF
D'Agostino, MV
Danninger, M
Day, CT
De Clercq, C
Demirors, L
Depaepe, O
Descamps, F
Desiati, P
de Vries-Uiterweerd, G
DeYoung, T
Diaz-Velez, JC
Dreyer, J
Dumm, JP
Duvoort, MR
Edwards, WR
Ehrlich, R
Eisch, J
Ellsworth, RW
Engdegard, O
Euler, S
Evenson, PA
Fadiran, O
Fazely, AR
Feusels, T
Filimonov, K
Finley, C
Foerster, MM
Fox, BD
Franckowiak, A
Franke, R
Gaisser, TK
Gallagher, J
Ganugapati, R
Gerhardt, L
Gladstone, L
Goldschmidt, A
Goodman, JA
Gozzini, R
Grant, D
Griesel, T
Gross, A
Grullon, S
Gunasingha, RM
Gurtner, M
Ha, C
Hallgren, A
Halzen, F
Han, K
Hanson, K
Hasegawa, Y
Heise, J
Helbing, K
Herquet, P
Hickford, S
Hill, GC
Hoffman, KD
Hoshina, K
Hubert, D
Huelsnitz, W
Hulss, JP
Hulth, PO
Hultqvist, K
Hussain, S
Imlay, RL
Inaba, M
Ishihara, A
Jacobsen, J
Japaridze, GS
Johansson, H
Joseph, JM
Kampert, KH
Kappes, A
Karg, T
Karle, A
Kelley, JL
Kenny, P
Kiryluk, J
Kislat, F
Klein, SR
Klepser, S
Knops, S
Kohnen, G
Kolanoski, H
Kopke, L
Kowalski, M
Kowarik, T
Krasberg, M
Kuehn, K
Kuwabara, T
Labare, M
Laihem, K
Landsman, H
Lauer, R
Leich, H
Lennarz, D
Lucke, A
Lundberg, J
Lunemann, J
Madsen, J
Majumdar, P
Maruyama, R
Mase, K
Matis, HS
McParland, CP
Meagher, K
Merck, M
Meszaros, P
Middell, E
Milke, N
Miyamoto, H
Mohr, A
Montaruli, T
Morse, R
Movit, SM
Munich, K
Nahnhauer, R
Nam, JW
Nieen, P
Nygren, DR
Odrowski, S
Olivas, A
Olivo, M
Ono, M
Panknin, S
Patton, S
de los Heros, CP
Petrovic, J
Piegsa, A
Pieloth, D
Pohl, AC
Porrata, R
Potthoff, N
Price, PB
Prikockis, M
Przybylski, GT
Rawlins, K
Redl, P
Resconi, E
Rhode, W
Ribordy, M
Rizzo, A
Rodrigues, JP
Roth, P
Rothmaier, F
Rott, C
Roucelle, C
Rutledge, D
Ryckbosch, D
Sander, HG
Sarkar, S
Satalecka, K
Schlenstedt, S
Schmidt, T
Schneider, D
Schukraft, A
Schulz, O
Schunck, M
Seckel, D
Semburg, B
Seo, SH
Sestayo, Y
Seunarine, S
Silvestri, A
Slipak, A
Spiczak, GM
Spiering, C
Stamatikos, M
Stanev, T
Stephens, G
Stezelberger, T
Stokstad, RG
Stoufer, MC
Stoyanov, S
Strahler, EA
Straszheim, T
Sulanke, KH
Sullivan, GW
Swillens, Q
Taboada, I
Tarasova, O
Tepe, A
Ter-Antonyan, S
Terranova, C
Tilav, S
Tluczykont, M
Toale, PA
Tosi, D
Turcan, D
van Eijndhoven, N
Vandenbroucke, J
Van Overloop, A
Voigt, B
Walck, C
Waldenmaier, T
Walter, M
Wendt, C
Westerhoff, S
Whitehorn, N
Wiebusch, CH
Wiedemann, A
Wikstrom, G
Williams, DR
Wischnewski, R
Wissing, H
Woschnagg, K
Xu, XW
Yodh, G
Yoshida, S
AF Abbasi, R.
Abdou, Y.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Ahlers, M.
Andeen, K.
Auffenberg, J.
Bai, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Bay, R.
Alba, J. L. Bazo
Beattie, K.
Bechet, S.
Becker, J. K.
Becker, K. -H.
Benabderrahmane, M. L.
Berdermann, J.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bertrand, D.
Besson, D. Z.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Boersma, D. J.
Bohm, C.
Bolmont, J.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Bradley, L.
Braun, J.
Breder, D.
Burgess, T.
Castermans, T.
Chirkin, D.
Christy, B.
Clem, J.
Cohen, S.
Cowen, D. F.
D'Agostino, M. V.
Danninger, M.
Day, C. T.
De Clercq, C.
Demiroers, L.
Depaepe, O.
Descamps, F.
Desiati, P.
de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
DeYoung, T.
Diaz-Velez, J. C.
Dreyer, J.
Dumm, J. P.
Duvoort, M. R.
Edwards, W. R.
Ehrlich, R.
Eisch, J.
Ellsworth, R. W.
Engdegard, O.
Euler, S.
Evenson, P. A.
Fadiran, O.
Fazely, A. R.
Feusels, T.
Filimonov, K.
Finley, C.
Foerster, M. M.
Fox, B. D.
Franckowiak, A.
Franke, R.
Gaisser, T. K.
Gallagher, J.
Ganugapati, R.
Gerhardt, L.
Gladstone, L.
Goldschmidt, A.
Goodman, J. A.
Gozzini, R.
Grant, D.
Griesel, T.
Gross, A.
Grullon, S.
Gunasingha, R. M.
Gurtner, M.
Ha, C.
Hallgren, A.
Halzen, F.
Han, K.
Hanson, K.
Hasegawa, Y.
Heise, J.
Helbing, K.
Herquet, P.
Hickford, S.
Hill, G. C.
Hoffman, K. D.
Hoshina, K.
Hubert, D.
Huelsnitz, W.
Huelss, J. -P.
Hulth, P. O.
Hultqvist, K.
Hussain, S.
Imlay, R. L.
Inaba, M.
Ishihara, A.
Jacobsen, J.
Japaridze, G. S.
Johansson, H.
Joseph, J. M.
Kampert, K. -H.
Kappes, A.
Karg, T.
Karle, A.
Kelley, J. L.
Kenny, P.
Kiryluk, J.
Kislat, F.
Klein, S. R.
Klepser, S.
Knops, S.
Kohnen, G.
Kolanoski, H.
Koepke, L.
Kowalski, M.
Kowarik, T.
Krasberg, M.
Kuehn, K.
Kuwabara, T.
Labare, M.
Laihem, K.
Landsman, H.
Lauer, R.
Leich, H.
Lennarz, D.
Lucke, A.
Lundberg, J.
Luenemann, J.
Madsen, J.
Majumdar, P.
Maruyama, R.
Mase, K.
Matis, H. S.
McParland, C. P.
Meagher, K.
Merck, M.
Meszaros, P.
Middell, E.
Milke, N.
Miyamoto, H.
Mohr, A.
Montaruli, T.
Morse, R.
Movit, S. M.
Muenich, K.
Nahnhauer, R.
Nam, J. W.
Nieen, P.
Nygren, D. R.
Odrowski, S.
Olivas, A.
Olivo, M.
Ono, M.
Panknin, S.
Patton, S.
de los Heros, C. Perez
Petrovic, J.
Piegsa, A.
Pieloth, D.
Pohl, A. C.
Porrata, R.
Potthoff, N.
Price, P. B.
Prikockis, M.
Przybylski, G. T.
Rawlins, K.
Redl, P.
Resconi, E.
Rhode, W.
Ribordy, M.
Rizzo, A.
Rodrigues, J. P.
Roth, P.
Rothmaier, F.
Rott, C.
Roucelle, C.
Rutledge, D.
Ryckbosch, D.
Sander, H. -G.
Sarkar, S.
Satalecka, K.
Schlenstedt, S.
Schmidt, T.
Schneider, D.
Schukraft, A.
Schulz, O.
Schunck, M.
Seckel, D.
Semburg, B.
Seo, S. H.
Sestayo, Y.
Seunarine, S.
Silvestri, A.
Slipak, A.
Spiczak, G. M.
Spiering, C.
Stamatikos, M.
Stanev, T.
Stephens, G.
Stezelberger, T.
Stokstad, R. G.
Stoufer, M. C.
Stoyanov, S.
Strahler, E. A.
Straszheim, T.
Sulanke, K. -H.
Sullivan, G. W.
Swillens, Q.
Taboada, I.
Tarasova, O.
Tepe, A.
Ter-Antonyan, S.
Terranova, C.
Tilav, S.
Tluczykont, M.
Toale, P. A.
Tosi, D.
Turcan, D.
van Eijndhoven, N.
Vandenbroucke, J.
Van Overloop, A.
Voigt, B.
Walck, C.
Waldenmaier, T.
Walter, M.
Wendt, C.
Westerhoff, S.
Whitehorn, N.
Wiebusch, C. H.
Wiedemann, A.
Wikstroem, G.
Williams, D. R.
Wischnewski, R.
Wissing, H.
Woschnagg, K.
Xu, X. W.
Yodh, G.
Yoshida, S.
CA IceCube Collaboration
TI SEARCH FOR HIGH-ENERGY MUON NEUTRINOS FROM THE "NAKED-EYE" GRB 080319B
WITH THE ICECUBE NEUTRINO TELESCOPE (vol 701, pg 1721, 2009)
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Abbasi, R.; Andeen, K.; Baker, M.; Berghaus, P.; Boersma, D. J.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Dumm, J. P.; Eisch, J.; Finley, C.; Ganugapati, R.; Gladstone, L.; Grullon, S.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hill, G. C.; Hoshina, K.; Jacobsen, J.; Kappes, A.; Karle, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Krasberg, M.; Landsman, H.; Maruyama, R.; Merck, M.; Montaruli, T.; Morse, R.; Rodrigues, J. P.; Ryckbosch, D.; Schneider, D.; Strahler, E. A.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Whitehorn, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Abdou, Y.; Descamps, F.; de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.; Feusels, T.; Van Overloop, A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[Ackermann, M.; Alba, J. L. Bazo; Benabderrahmane, M. L.; Berdermann, J.; Bernardini, E.; Bolmont, J.; Boeser, S.; Franke, R.; Kislat, F.; Klepser, S.; Lauer, R.; Leich, H.; Majumdar, P.; Middell, E.; Nahnhauer, R.; Pieloth, D.; Satalecka, K.; Schlenstedt, S.; Spiering, C.; Sulanke, K. -H.; Tarasova, O.; Tluczykont, M.; Tosi, D.; Voigt, B.; Walter, M.; Wischnewski, R.] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
[Adams, J.; Danninger, M.; Han, K.; Hickford, S.; Seunarine, S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
[Ahlers, M.; Sarkar, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England.
[Auffenberg, J.; Becker, K. -H.; Breder, D.; Gurtner, M.; Helbing, K.; Kampert, K. -H.; Karg, T.; Potthoff, N.; Semburg, B.; Tepe, A.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
[Bai, X.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Nieen, P.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Bai, X.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Nieen, P.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Barwick, S. W.; Nam, J. W.; Silvestri, A.; Yodh, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Bay, R.; D'Agostino, M. V.; Filimonov, K.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Porrata, R.; Price, P. B.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Woschnagg, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Beattie, K.; Day, C. T.; Edwards, W. R.; Gerhardt, L.; Goldschmidt, A.; Joseph, J. M.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Matis, H. S.; McParland, C. P.; Nygren, D. R.; Patton, S.; Przybylski, G. T.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Stoufer, M. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bechet, S.; Bertrand, D.; Labare, M.; Petrovic, J.; Swillens, Q.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci CP 230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Becker, J. K.; Dreyer, J.; Milke, N.; Muenich, K.; Rhode, W.; Wiedemann, A.] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
[Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Christy, B.; Ehrlich, R.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Goodman, J. A.; Hoffman, K. D.; Huelsnitz, W.; Meagher, K.; Olivas, A.; Redl, P.; Roth, P.; Schmidt, T.; Straszheim, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Turcan, D.; Wissing, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Besson, D. Z.; Kenny, P.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Huelss, J. -P.; Laihem, K.; Lennarz, D.; Schukraft, A.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Wissing, H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
[Bohm, C.; Burgess, T.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Johansson, H.; Nygren, D. R.; Seo, S. H.; Walck, C.; Wikstroem, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Botner, O.; Engdegard, O.; Hallgren, A.; Lundberg, J.; Olivo, M.; de los Heros, C. Perez; Pohl, A. C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Bradley, L.; Cowen, D. F.; DeYoung, T.; Foerster, M. M.; Fox, B. D.; Grant, D.; Ha, C.; Meszaros, P.; Prikockis, M.; Rutledge, D.; Slipak, A.; Stephens, G.; Toale, P. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Castermans, T.; Herquet, P.; Kohnen, G.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
[Cohen, S.; Demiroers, L.; Ribordy, M.; Terranova, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Cowen, D. F.; Meszaros, P.; Movit, S. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[De Clercq, C.; Depaepe, O.; Hubert, D.; Rizzo, A.] Vrije Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Duvoort, M. R.; Heise, J.; van Eijndhoven, N.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Fadiran, O.; Japaridze, G. S.] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA.
[Fazely, A. R.; Gunasingha, R. M.; Imlay, R. L.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Xu, X. W.] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.
[Franckowiak, A.; Kolanoski, H.; Kowalski, M.; Lucke, A.; Mohr, A.; Panknin, S.; Waldenmaier, T.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Kappes, A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
[Pohl, A. C.] Kalmar Univ, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden.
[Gozzini, R.; Griesel, T.; Koepke, L.; Kowarik, T.; Luenemann, J.; Piegsa, A.; Rothmaier, F.; Sander, H. -G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
[Gross, A.; Odrowski, S.; Resconi, E.; Roucelle, C.; Schulz, O.; Sestayo, Y.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Hasegawa, Y.; Inaba, M.; Ishihara, A.; Mase, K.; Miyamoto, H.; Ono, M.; Yoshida, S.; IceCube Collaboration] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.
[Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Madsen, J.; Spiczak, G. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA.
[Rawlins, K.] Univ Alaska, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Stamatikos, M.] NASA, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Taboada, I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Taboada, I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Williams, D. R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
RP Abbasi, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Botner,
Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012;
Auffenberg, Jan/D-3954-2014; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Sarkar,
Subir/G-5978-2011
OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Auffenberg,
Jan/0000-0002-1185-9094; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Sarkar,
Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X
NR 1
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP 911
EP 912
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/911
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 532ZM
UT WOS:000272790400077
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, X
Ajello, JM
Yung, YL
AF Zhang, X.
Ajello, J. M.
Yung, Y. L.
TI ATOMIC CARBON IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE OF TITAN
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE planets and satellites: individual (Titan); radiative transfer;
scattering
ID PIONEER VENUS ORBITER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY
AB The atomic carbon emission C-I line feature at 1657 angstrom (P-3(J)0-P-3(J)) in the upper atmosphere of Titan is first identified from the airglow spectra obtained by the Cassini Ultra-violet Imaging Spectrograph. A one-dimensional photochemical model of Titan is used to study the photochemistry of atomic carbon on Titan. Reaction between CH and atomic hydrogen is the major source of atomic carbon, and reactions with hydrocarbons (C2H2 and C2H4) are the most important loss processes. Resonance scattering of sunlight by atomic carbon is the dominant emission mechanism. The emission intensity calculations based on model results show good agreement with the observations.
C1 [Zhang, X.; Yung, Y. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Ajello, J. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zhang, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
FU NASA PATM [NNX09AB72G]
FX We thank M. C. Liang and J. I. Moses for making their updated kinetics
for the Titan model available and D. E. Shemansky for providing the
Cassini UVIS stellar occultation data, V. Natraj, M. Line, and M.
Gerstell for reading the manuscript. We thank an anonymous referee for
providing updates of reaction coefficients. The research was supported
in part by NASA PATM grant NNX09AB72G to the California Institute of
Technology.
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
EI 2041-8213
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD JAN 1
PY 2010
VL 708
IS 1
BP L18
EP L21
DI 10.1088/2041-8205/708/1/L18
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 540BX
UT WOS:000273306700005
ER
PT J
AU Arendt, RG
Kashlinsky, A
Moseley, SH
Mather, J
AF Arendt, Richard G.
Kashlinsky, A.
Moseley, S. H.
Mather, J.
TI COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND FLUCTUATIONS IN DEEP SPITZER INFRARED ARRAY
CAMERA IMAGES: DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmology: observations; diffuse radiation; early universe
ID POPULATION-III STARS; COBE DIRBE MAPS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SPACE-TELESCOPE;
1ST STARS; EXPERIMENT SEARCH; PRIMORDIAL STARS; LIGHT; CONSTRAINTS;
EMISSION
AB This paper provides a detailed description of the data reduction and analysis procedures that have been employed in our previous studies of spatial fluctuation of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) using deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera observations. The self-calibration we apply removes a strong instrumental signal from the fluctuations that would otherwise corrupt the results. The procedures and results for masking bright sources and modeling faint sources down to levels set by the instrumental noise are presented. Various tests are performed to demonstrate that the resulting power spectra of these fields are not dominated by instrumental or procedural effects. These tests indicate that the large-scale (greater than or similar to 30') fluctuations that remain in the deepest fields are not directly related to the galaxies that are bright enough to be individually detected. We provide the parameterization of these power spectra in terms of separate instrument noise, shot noise, and power-law components. We discuss the relationship between fluctuations measured at different wavelengths and depths, and the relations between constraints on the mean intensity of the CIB and its fluctuation spectrum. Consistent with growing evidence that the similar to 1-5 mu m mean intensity of the CIB may not be as far above the integrated emission of resolved galaxies as has been reported in some analyses of DIRBE and IRTS observations, our measurements of spatial fluctuations of the CIB intensity indicate the mean emission from the objects producing the fluctuations is quite low (greater than or similar to 1 nW m(-2) sr(-1) at 3-5 mu m), and thus consistent with current gamma-ray absorption constraints. The source of the fluctuations may be high-z Population III objects, or a more local component of very low luminosity objects with clustering properties that differ from the resolved galaxies. Finally, we discuss the prospects of the upcoming space-based surveys to directly measure the epochs inhabited by the populations producing these source-subtracted CIB fluctuations, and to isolate the individual fluxes of these populations.
C1 [Arendt, Richard G.; Kashlinsky, A.; Moseley, S. H.; Mather, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Arendt, Richard G.; Kashlinsky, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Arendt, Richard G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Arendt, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Richard.G.Arendt@nasa.gov; Alexander.Kashlinsky@nasa.gov;
Harvey.Moseley@nasa.gov; John.C.Mather@nasa.gov
RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012;
OI Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548
FU National Science Foundation [AST 04-06587]
FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation through grant
NSF AST 04-06587. This work is based on archival data obtained with the
Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with
NASA. Additional support for the First Look Survey (FLS) portion of this
work was provided by an award issued by JPL/Caltech (NASA Spitzer
NM0710076).
NR 57
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 186
IS 1
BP 10
EP 47
DI 10.1088/0067-0049/186/1/10
PG 38
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 538JH
UT WOS:000273179900002
ER
PT J
AU Burton, SP
Thomason, LW
Zawodny, JM
AF Burton, S. P.
Thomason, L. W.
Zawodny, J. M.
TI Technical Note: Time-dependent limb-darkening calibration for solar
occultation instruments
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS EXPERIMENT-II; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; CHLORINE; ERUPTION
AB Solar occultation has proven to be a reliable technique for the measurement of atmospheric constituents in the stratosphere. NASA's Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments ( SAGE, SAGE II, and SAGE III) together have provided over 25 years of quality solar occultation data, a data record which has been an important resource for the scientific exploration of atmospheric composition and climate change. Herein, we describe an improvement to the processing of SAGE data that corrects for a previously uncorrected short-term time-dependence in the calibration function. The variability relates to the apparent rotation of the scanning track with respect to the face of the sun due to the motion of the satellite. Correcting for this effect results in a decrease in the measurement noise in the Level 1 line-of-sight optical depth measurements of approximately 40% in the middle and upper stratospheric SAGE II and III observations where it has been applied. The technique is potentially useful for any scanning solar occultation instrument and suggests further improvement for future occultation measurements if a full disk imaging system can be included.
C1 [Burton, S. P.] SAIC, Hampton, VA USA.
[Thomason, L. W.; Zawodny, J. M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Burton, SP (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
EM sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov
OI Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 1
EP 8
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 551QR
UT WOS:000274224600001
ER
PT J
AU Mao, H
Chen, M
Hegarty, JD
Talbot, RW
Koermer, JP
Thompson, AM
Avery, MA
AF Mao, H.
Chen, M.
Hegarty, J. D.
Talbot, R. W.
Koermer, J. P.
Thompson, A. M.
Avery, M. A.
TI A comprehensive evaluation of seasonal simulations of ozone in the
northeastern US during summers of 2001-2005
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID 1999 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; AIR-QUALITY; REGIONAL CLIMATE; PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MODEL EVALUATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
UNITED-STATES; PART I; EPISODE
AB Regional air quality simulations were conducted for summers 2001-2005 in the eastern US and subjected to extensive evaluation using various ground and airborne measurements. A brief climate evaluation focused on transport by comparing modeled dominant map types with ones from reanalysis. Reasonable agreement was found for their frequency of occurrence and distinctness of circulation patterns. The two most frequent map types from reanalysis were the Bermuda High (22%) and passage of a Canadian cold frontal over the northeastern US (20%). The model captured their frequency of occurrence at 25% and 18% respectively. The simulated five average distributions of 1-h ozone (O-3) daily maxima using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system reproduced salient features in observations. This suggests that the ability of the regional climate model to depict transport processes accurately is critical for reasonable simulations of surface O-3. Comparison of mean bias, root mean square error, and index of agreement for CMAQ summer surface 8-h O-3 daily maxima and observations showed -0.6 +/- 14 nmol/mol, 14 nmol/mol, and 71% respectively. CMAQ performed best in moderately polluted conditions and less satisfactorily in highly polluted ones. This highlights the common problem of overestimating/underestimating lower/higher modeled O-3 levels. Diagnostic analysis suggested that significant overestimation of inland nighttime low O-3 mixing ratios may be attributed to underestimates of nitric oxide (NO) emissions at night. The absence of the second daily peak in simulations for the Appledore Island marine site possibly resulted from coarse grid resolution misrepresentation of land surface type. Comparison with shipboard measurements suggested that CMAQ has an inherent problem of underpredicting O-3 levels in continental outflow. Modeled O-3 vertical profiles exhibited a lack of structure indicating that key processes missing from CMAQ, such as lightning produced NO and stratospheric intrusions, are important for accurate upper tropospheric representations.
C1 [Mao, H.; Hegarty, J. D.; Talbot, R. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Chen, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth & Sun Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Koermer, J. P.] Plymouth State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci & Chem, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Avery, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Mao, H (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM hmao@gust.sr.unh.edu
RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014
OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
FU Environment Protection Agency under STAR [RD-83145401]; Office of
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration [NA06OAR4600189]
FX We thank two referees' constructive comments. We thank Eric Williams and
Brian Lerner of NOAA/ESRL/CSD for the Ronald Brown O3
measurements. We thank T. Hagan's assistance in model simulation and the
help of C. Hogrefe with technical questions on SMOKE and CMAQ runs. This
work was funded by the Environment Protection Agency under STAR grant
#RD-83145401 and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under
AIRMAP grant #NA06OAR4600189 to UNH.
NR 49
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 9
EP 27
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 551QR
UT WOS:000274224600002
ER
PT J
AU Koch, D
Schulz, M
Kinne, S
McNaughton, C
Spackman, JR
Balkanski, Y
Bauer, S
Berntsen, T
Bond, TC
Boucher, O
Chin, M
Clarke, A
De Luca, N
Dentener, F
Diehl, T
Dubovik, O
Easter, R
Fahey, DW
Feichter, J
Fillmore, D
Freitag, S
Ghan, S
Ginoux, P
Gong, S
Horowitz, L
Iversen, T
Kirkevag, A
Klimont, Z
Kondo, Y
Krol, M
Liu, X
Miller, R
Montanaro, V
Moteki, N
Myhre, G
Penner, JE
Perlwitz, J
Pitari, G
Reddy, S
Sahu, L
Sakamoto, H
Schuster, G
Schwarz, JP
Seland, O
Stier, P
Takegawa, N
Takemura, T
Textor, C
van Aardenne, JA
Zhao, Y
AF Koch, D.
Schulz, M.
Kinne, S.
McNaughton, C.
Spackman, J. R.
Balkanski, Y.
Bauer, S.
Berntsen, T.
Bond, T. C.
Boucher, O.
Chin, M.
Clarke, A.
De Luca, N.
Dentener, F.
Diehl, T.
Dubovik, O.
Easter, R.
Fahey, D. W.
Feichter, J.
Fillmore, D.
Freitag, S.
Ghan, S.
Ginoux, P.
Gong, S.
Horowitz, L.
Iversen, T.
Kirkevag, A.
Klimont, Z.
Kondo, Y.
Krol, M.
Liu, X.
Miller, R.
Montanaro, V.
Moteki, N.
Myhre, G.
Penner, J. E.
Perlwitz, J.
Pitari, G.
Reddy, S.
Sahu, L.
Sakamoto, H.
Schuster, G.
Schwarz, J. P.
Seland, O.
Stier, P.
Takegawa, N.
Takemura, T.
Textor, C.
van Aardenne, J. A.
Zhao, Y.
TI Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models (vol 9,
pg 9001, 2009)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA GISS, New York, NY USA.
[Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Textor, C.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Kinne, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
[van Aardenne, J. A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McNaughton, C.; Clarke, A.; Freitag, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Sakamoto, H.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, RCAST, Tokyo 1138654, Japan.
[Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Berntsen, T.; Iversen, T.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
[Boucher, O.; Dubovik, O.; Reddy, S.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Dentener, F.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, EC, Ispra, Italy.
[Diehl, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Gong, S.] ARQM Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Zhao, Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Liu, X.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[De Luca, N.; Montanaro, V.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
[Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
[Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway.
RP Koch, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM dkoch@giss.nasa.gov
RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski,
Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013;
U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Fahey,
David/G-4499-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010;
Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Kondo,
Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Miller,
Ron/E-1902-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher,
Olivier/K-7483-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; schwarz,
joshua/G-4556-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009
OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955;
Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928;
Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988;
Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Takemura,
Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769;
Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; schwarz,
joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460
NR 1
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 28
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 79
EP 81
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 551QR
UT WOS:000274224600007
ER
PT J
AU Jourdain, L
Kulawik, SS
Worden, HM
Pickering, KE
Worden, J
Thompson, AM
AF Jourdain, L.
Kulawik, S. S.
Worden, H. M.
Pickering, K. E.
Worden, J.
Thompson, A. M.
TI Lightning NOx emissions over the USA constrained by TES ozone
observations and the GEOS-Chem model
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; UNITED-STATES; TROPOPAUSE REGION;
DISTRIBUTIONS; SATELLITE; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; SPECTROMETER;
VARIABILITY
AB Improved estimates of NOx from lightning sources are required to understand tropospheric NOx and ozone distributions, the oxidising capacity of the troposphere and corresponding feedbacks between chemistry and climate change. In this paper, we report new satellite ozone observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument that can be used to test and constrain the parameterization of the lightning source of NOx in global models. Using the National Lightning Detection (NLDN) and the Long Range Lightning Detection Network (LRLDN) data as well as the HYPSLIT transport and dispersion model, we show that TES provides direct observations of ozone enhanced layers downwind of convective events over the USA in July 2006. We find that the GEOS-Chem global chemistry-transport model with a parameterization based on cloud top height, scaled regionally and monthly to OTD/LIS (Optical Transient Detector/Lightning Imaging Sensor) climatology, captures the ozone enhancements seen by TES. We show that the model's ability to reproduce the location of the enhancements is due to the fact that this model reproduces the pattern of the convective events occurrence on a daily basis during the summer of 2006 over the USA, even though it does not well represent the relative distribution of lightning intensities. However, this model with a value of 6 Tg N/yr for the lightning source (i.e.: with a mean production of 260 moles NO/Flash over the USA in summer) underestimates the intensities of the ozone enhancements seen by TES. By imposing a production of 520 moles NO/Flash for lightning occurring in midlatitudes, which better agrees with the values proposed by the most recent studies, we decrease the bias between TES and GEOS-Chem ozone over the USA in July 2006 by 40%. However, our conclusion on the strength of the lightning source of NOx is limited by the fact that the contribution from the stratosphere is underestimated in the GEOS-Chem simulations.
C1 [Worden, H. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Pickering, K. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Jourdain, L.; Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Jourdain, L (reprint author), Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, Orleans, France.
EM line.jourdain@cnrs-orleans.fr
RI Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Thompson, Anne
/C-3649-2014
OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
NR 50
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 107
EP 119
DI 10.5194/acp-10-107-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 551QR
UT WOS:000274224600010
ER
PT J
AU Konopka, P
Grooss, JU
Gunther, G
Ploeger, F
Pommrich, R
Muller, R
Livesey, N
AF Konopka, P.
Grooss, J. -U.
Guenther, G.
Ploeger, F.
Pommrich, R.
Mueller, R.
Livesey, N.
TI Annual cycle of ozone at and above the tropical tropopause: observations
versus simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the
Stratosphere (CLaMS)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERE; MONSOON; HALOE;
LAYER; CONVECTION; EXCHANGE
AB Multi-annual simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) were conducted to study the seasonality of O(3) within the stratospheric part of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), i.e. above theta = 360K potential temperature level. In agreement with satellite (HALOE) and in-situ observations (SHADOZ), CLaMS simulations show a pronounced annual cycle in O(3), at and above theta = 380 K, with the highest mixing ratios in the late boreal summer. Within the model, this cycle is driven by the seasonality of both upwelling and in-mixing. The latter process occurs through enhanced horizontal transport from the extratropics into the TTL that is mainly driven by the meridional, isentropic winds. The strongest in-mixing occurs during the late boreal summer from the Northern Hemisphere in the potential temperature range between 370 and 420 K. Complementary, the strongest upwelling occurs in winter reducing O(3) to the lowest values in early spring. Both CLaMS simulations and Aura MLS O(3) observations consistently show that enhanced in-mixing in summer is mainly driven by the Asian monsoon anticyclone.
C1 [Konopka, P.; Grooss, J. -U.; Guenther, G.; Ploeger, F.; Pommrich, R.; Mueller, R.] Forschungszentrum Julich ICG 1 Stratosphere, Julich, Germany.
[Livesey, N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Konopka, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich ICG 1 Stratosphere, Julich, Germany.
EM p.konopka@fz-juelich.de
RI GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; Konopka, Paul/A-7329-2013; Guenther,
Gebhard/K-7583-2012; Ploeger, Felix/A-1393-2013; Muller,
Rolf/A-6669-2013
OI GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; Guenther,
Gebhard/0000-0003-4111-6221; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977
NR 40
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 121
EP 132
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 551QR
UT WOS:000274224600011
ER
PT J
AU Notholt, J
Toon, GC
Fueglistaler, S
Wennberg, PO
Irion, FW
McCarthy, M
Scharringhausen, M
Rhee, TS
Kleinbohl, A
Velazco, V
AF Notholt, J.
Toon, G. C.
Fueglistaler, S.
Wennberg, P. O.
Irion, F. W.
McCarthy, M.
Scharringhausen, M.
Rhee, T. Siek
Kleinboehl, A.
Velazco, V.
TI Trend in ice moistening the stratosphere - constraints from isotope data
of water and methane
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; VAPOR;
TRANSPORT; CLOUDS; RATIOS; HDO
AB Water plays a major role in the chemistry and radiative budget of the stratosphere. Air enters the stratosphere predominantly in the tropics, where the very low temperatures around the tropopause constrain water vapour mixing ratios to a few parts per million. Observations of stratospheric water vapour show a large positive long-term trend, which can not be explained by change in tropopause temperatures. Trends in the partitioning between vapour and ice of water entering the stratosphere have been suggested to resolve this conundrum. We present measurements of stratospheric H2O, HDO, CH4 and CH3D in the period 1991-2007 to evaluate this hypothesis. Because of fractionation processes during phase changes, the hydrogen isotopic composition of H2O is a sensitive indicator of changes in the partitioning of vapour and ice. We find that the seasonal variations of H2O are mirrored in the variation of the ratio of HDO to H2O with a slope of the correlation consistent with water entering the stratosphere mainly as vapour. The variability in the fractionation over the entire observation period is well explained by variations in H2O. The isotopic data allow concluding that the trend in ice arising from particulate water is no more than (0.01 +/- 0.13) ppmv/decade in the observation period. Our observations suggest that between 1991 and 2007 the contribution from changes in particulate water transported through the tropopause plays only a minor role in altering in the amount of water entering the stratosphere.
C1 [Notholt, J.; Scharringhausen, M.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
[Toon, G. C.; Irion, F. W.; Kleinboehl, A.; Velazco, V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fueglistaler, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[McCarthy, M.] Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Rhee, T. Siek] Korean Polar Res Inst, Ansan 426744, South Korea.
RP Notholt, J (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
EM notholt@uni-bremen.de
RI McCarthy, Michael/E-5970-2010; Velazco, Voltaire/H-2280-2011; Wennberg,
Paul/A-5460-2012; Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Notholt,
Justus/P-4520-2016
OI Velazco, Voltaire/0000-0002-1376-438X; Notholt,
Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X
FU EU-project SCOUT; national Helmholtz Association within the virtual
institute PEP; NASA
FX This research was financially supported by the EU-project SCOUT and by
the national Helmholtz Association within the virtual institute PEP. We
gratefully acknowledge Robert Toth (JPL/NASA, Pasadena) for updates of
the H2O and HDO spectral line list. We thank the Columbia
Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) who launched the balloons from which
the MkIV data were acquired and the financial support from NASA. We
acknowledge Jean-Francois Blavier, Bhaswar Sen, and David Petterson of
JPL for their various contributions to the JPL MkIV instrument.
NR 36
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 201
EP 207
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 551QR
UT WOS:000274224600015
ER
PT J
AU Froyd, KD
Murphy, DM
Lawson, P
Baumgardner, D
Herman, RL
AF Froyd, K. D.
Murphy, D. M.
Lawson, P.
Baumgardner, D.
Herman, R. L.
TI Aerosols that form subvisible cirrus at the tropical tropopause
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ICE NUCLEATION; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; AMMONIUM-SULFATE;
CLOUD FORMATION; DEHYDRATION; THIN; SUPERSATURATIONS; SPECTROMETER;
INSTRUMENT
AB The composition of residual particles from evaporated cirrus ice crystals near the tropical tropopause as well as unfrozen aerosols were measured with a single particle mass spectrometer. Subvisible cirrus residuals were predominantly composed of internal mixtures of neutralized sulfate with organic material and were chemically indistinguishable from unfrozen sulfate-organic aerosols. Ice residuals were also similar in size to unfrozen aerosol. Heterogeneous ice nuclei such as mineral dust were not enhanced in these subvisible cirrus residuals. Biomass burning particles were depleted in the residuals. Cloud probe measurements showing low cirrus ice crystal number concentrations were inconsistent with conventional homogeneous freezing. Recent laboratory studies provide heterogeneous nucleation scenarios that may explain tropopause level subvisible cirrus formation.
C1 [Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Froyd, K. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lawson, P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Herman, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Froyd, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
EM Karl.Froyd@noaa.gov
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
FU NOAA; NASA
FX The authors thank Eric Jensen and Benjamin Murray for their valuable
input. This work was funded by NOAA base and climate change programs as
well as NASA funding for aircraft deployments. Work performed at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was under a
contract with NASA.
NR 52
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 209
EP 218
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 551QR
UT WOS:000274224600016
ER
PT J
AU Larar, AM
Smith, WL
Zhou, DK
Liu, X
Revercomb, H
Taylor, JP
Newman, SM
Schlussel, P
AF Larar, A. M.
Smith, W. L.
Zhou, D. K.
Liu, X.
Revercomb, H.
Taylor, J. P.
Newman, S. M.
Schluessel, P.
TI IASI spectral radiance validation inter-comparisons: case study
assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AQUA THERMODYNAMIC EXPERIMENT; INTERFEROMETER NAST-I;
RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; MODEL; PERFORMANCES;
SATELLITE; EAQUATE
AB Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled.
C1 [Larar, A. M.; Zhou, D. K.; Liu, X.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Smith, W. L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
[Smith, W. L.; Revercomb, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Taylor, J. P.; Newman, S. M.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Schluessel, P.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany.
RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM allen.m.larar@nasa.gov
RI Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013
FU NASA Langley Research Center; NASA SMD; NPOESS Integrated Program
Office; UK Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the NASA Langley Research Center, NASA
SMD, NPOESS Integrated Program Office, and the various team members and
their respective institutions for their continued, enabling support of
the NAST program. The authors greatly appreciate the contributions from
members of the NAST instrument and JAIVEx field campaign teams for
making JAIVEx and this work possible. The FAAM is jointly funded by the
UK Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council. IASI has
been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National
dEtudes Spatiales (CNES). It is flown onboard the Metop satellites as
part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 data are received through
the Unified Meteorological Archival and Retrieval Facility (UMARF) of
EUMETSAT.
NR 47
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 2
BP 411
EP 430
DI 10.5194/acp-10-411-2010
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 548IK
UT WOS:000273954200008
ER
PT J
AU Kopacz, M
Jacob, DJ
Fisher, JA
Logan, JA
Zhang, L
Megretskaia, IA
Yantosca, RM
Singh, K
Henze, DK
Burrows, JP
Buchwitz, M
Khlystova, I
McMillan, WW
Gille, JC
Edwards, DP
Eldering, A
Thouret, V
Nedelec, P
AF Kopacz, M.
Jacob, D. J.
Fisher, J. A.
Logan, J. A.
Zhang, L.
Megretskaia, I. A.
Yantosca, R. M.
Singh, K.
Henze, D. K.
Burrows, J. P.
Buchwitz, M.
Khlystova, I.
McMillan, W. W.
Gille, J. C.
Edwards, D. P.
Eldering, A.
Thouret, V.
Nedelec, P.
TI Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion
of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SURFACE
EMISSIONS; OZONE POLLUTION; WFM-DOAS; ACE-FTS; INTEX-B; TRANSPORT;
AIRCRAFT
AB We combine CO column measurements from the MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and TES satellite instruments in a full-year (May 2004-April 2005) global inversion of CO sources at 4 degrees x 5 degrees spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution. The inversion uses the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) and its adjoint applied to MOPITT, AIRS, and SCIAMACHY. Observations from TES, surface sites (NOAA/GMD), and aircraft (MOZAIC) are used for evaluation of the a posteriori solution. Using GEOS-Chem as a common intercomparison platform shows global consistency between the different satellite datasets and with the in situ data. Differences can be largely explained by different averaging kernels and a priori information. The global CO emission from combustion as constrained in the inversion is 1350 Tg a(-1). This is much higher than current bottom-up emission inventories. A large fraction of the correction results from a seasonal underestimate of CO sources at northern mid-latitudes in winter and suggests a larger-than-expected CO source from vehicle cold starts and residential heating. Implementing this seasonal variation of emissions solves the long-standing problem of models underestimating CO in the northern extratropics in winter-spring. A posteriori emissions also indicate a general underestimation of biomass burning in the GFED2 inventory. However, the tropical biomass burning constraints are not quantitatively consistent across the different datasets.
C1 [Singh, K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA.
[Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Burrows, J. P.; Buchwitz, M.; Khlystova, I.] Univ Bremen, IUP, Bremen, Germany.
[McMillan, W. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Eldering, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Gille, J. C.; Edwards, D. P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Thouret, V.; Nedelec, P.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, LA, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Thouret, V.; Nedelec, P.] CNRS, LA, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Kopacz, M.; Jacob, D. J.; Fisher, J. A.; Logan, J. A.; Zhang, L.; Megretskaia, I. A.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Kopacz, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Int & Publ Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM mkopacz@princeton.edu
RI Buchwitz, Michael/G-1510-2011; Henze, Daven/A-1920-2012; Zhang,
Lin/A-6729-2008; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Yantosca,
Robert/F-7920-2014; Zhang, Lin/H-9801-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014;
Singh, Kumaresh/P-4857-2016; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014
OI Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691;
Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580
FU NASA [NGT5 06-ESSF06-45]; European Commission; Airbus; Airlines
(Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France); INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France;
Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany); ETHER
FX This work was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and
Analysis Program and by NASA Headquarters under the Earth System Science
Fellowship Grant NGT5 06-ESSF06-45 to Monika Kopacz. The authors
acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and
the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge
the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is
presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and
Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC database is
supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). MK would also like to thank
Christopher Holmes, Eric Leibensperger, Kevin Wecht, Jos de Laat,
Annemieke Gloudemans and Ilse Aben for useful insight and discussions.
NR 95
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 855
EP 876
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 554BH
UT WOS:000274410000001
ER
PT J
AU Correira, J
Aikin, AC
Grebowsky, JM
Burrows, JP
AF Correira, J.
Aikin, A. C.
Grebowsky, J. M.
Burrows, J. P.
TI Metal concentrations in the upper atmosphere during meteor showers
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID STREAMS; REGION; IMPACT; RADAR; MODEL
AB Using the nadir-viewing Global Ozone Measuring Experiment (GOME) UV/VIS spectrometer on the ERS-2 satellite, we investigate short term variations in the vertical magnesium column densities in the atmosphere and any connection to possible enhanced mass deposition during a meteor shower. Time-dependent mass influx rates are derived for all the major meteor showers using published estimates of mass density and temporal profiles of meteor showers. An average daily sporadic background mass flux rate is also calculated and used as a baseline against which calculated shower mass flux rates are compared. These theoretical mass flux rates are then compared with GOME derived metal vertical column densities of Mg and Mg(+) from the years 1996-2001. There is no correlation between theoretical mass flux rates and changes in the Mg and Mg(+) metal column densities. A possible explanation for the lack of a shower related increase in metal concentrations may be differences in the mass regimes dominating the average background mass flux and shower mass flux.
C1 [Grebowsky, J. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, IUP, Bremen, Germany.
[Correira, J.; Aikin, A. C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RP Correira, J (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA.
EM john.correira@gmail.com
RI Grebowsky, Joseph/I-7185-2013; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014
OI Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580
FU United States Air Force [0710035]; NASA [G06GC53A]
FX We are grateful for the financial support from the United States Air
Force, grant number 0710035, and NASA, grant number G06GC53A. We would
also like to acknowledge the assistance of W. Dean Pesnell in
development of early versions of the GOME data analysis algorithm and
Fred Bruhweiler for his suggestions which helped improve this paper.
NR 19
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PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 909
EP 917
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 554BH
UT WOS:000274410000004
ER
PT J
AU Fisher, JA
Jacob, DJ
Purdy, MT
Kopacz, M
Le Sager, P
Carouge, C
Holmes, CD
Yantosca, RM
Batchelor, RL
Strong, K
Diskin, GS
Fuelberg, HE
Holloway, JS
Hyer, EJ
McMillan, WW
Warner, J
Streets, DG
Zhang, Q
Wang, Y
Wu, S
AF Fisher, J. A.
Jacob, D. J.
Purdy, M. T.
Kopacz, M.
Le Sager, P.
Carouge, C.
Holmes, C. D.
Yantosca, R. M.
Batchelor, R. L.
Strong, K.
Diskin, G. S.
Fuelberg, H. E.
Holloway, J. S.
Hyer, E. J.
McMillan, W. W.
Warner, J.
Streets, D. G.
Zhang, Q.
Wang, Y.
Wu, S.
TI Source attribution and interannual variability of Arctic pollution in
spring constrained by aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and satellite (AIRS)
observations of carbon monoxide
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; OZONE POLLUTION; ASIAN OUTFLOW;
BLACK CARBON; BERING-SEA; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; PACIFIC; CO
AB We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003-2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month(-1) for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Russian biomass burning makes little contribution to mean CO (reflecting the long CO lifetime) but makes a large contribution to CO variability in the form of combustion plumes. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS can successfully observe pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003-2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. AIRS CO columns over Alaska are highly correlated with the Ocean Nino Index, suggesting a link between El Nino and Asian pollution transport to the Arctic. AIRS shows lower-than-average CO columns over Alaska during April 2008, despite the Russian fires, due to a weakened Aleutian Low hindering transport from Asia and associated with the moderate 2007-2008 La Nina. This suggests that Asian pollution influence over the Arctic may be particularly large under strong El Nino conditions.
C1 [Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Batchelor, R. L.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Hyer, E. J.] USN, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA.
[McMillan, W. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[McMillan, W. W.; Warner, J.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Zhang, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM jafisher@fas.harvard.edu
RI Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Hyer,
Edward/E-7734-2011; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Strong,
Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Fisher,
Jenny/J-3979-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014;
Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014
OI Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Streets,
David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Carouge,
Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Holloway,
John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Holmes,
Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954
FU NASA; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science; Canadian
Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Space Agency; Environment Canada,
Government of Canada; Ontario Research Fund; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training Program;
Polar Continental Shelf Program; Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario
Innovation Trusts; AIRS Project Office; National Defense Science and
Engineering
FX This work was supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and
the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. The FTS
measurements at Eureka were made as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE
validation campaigns and by the Canadian Network for the Detection of
Atmospheric Change, supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and
Atmospheric Science, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Space
Agency, Environment Canada, Government of Canada International Polar
Year funding, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council, Northern Scientific Training Program, Polar
Continental Shelf Program, and the Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario
Innovation Trusts. WWM thanks the AIRS Project Office for support. JAF
acknowledges support from a National Defense Science and Engineering
Graduate Fellowship.
NR 81
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 977
EP 996
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 554BH
UT WOS:000274410000009
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JD
McFiggans, G
Allan, JD
Baker, AR
Ball, SM
Benton, AK
Carpenter, LJ
Commane, R
Finley, BD
Evans, M
Fuentes, E
Furneaux, K
Goddard, A
Good, N
Hamilton, JF
Heard, DE
Herrmann, H
Hollingsworth, A
Hopkins, JR
Ingham, T
Irwin, M
Jones, CE
Jones, RL
Keene, WC
Lawler, MJ
Lehmann, S
Lewis, AC
Long, MS
Mahajan, A
Methven, J
Moller, SJ
Muller, K
Muller, T
Niedermeier, N
O'Doherty, S
Oetjen, H
Plane, JMC
Pszenny, AAP
Read, KA
Saiz-Lopez, A
Saltzman, ES
Sander, R
von Glasow, R
Whalley, L
Wiedensohler, A
Young, D
AF Lee, J. D.
McFiggans, G.
Allan, J. D.
Baker, A. R.
Ball, S. M.
Benton, A. K.
Carpenter, L. J.
Commane, R.
Finley, B. D.
Evans, M.
Fuentes, E.
Furneaux, K.
Goddard, A.
Good, N.
Hamilton, J. F.
Heard, D. E.
Herrmann, H.
Hollingsworth, A.
Hopkins, J. R.
Ingham, T.
Irwin, M.
Jones, C. E.
Jones, R. L.
Keene, W. C.
Lawler, M. J.
Lehmann, S.
Lewis, A. C.
Long, M. S.
Mahajan, A.
Methven, J.
Moller, S. J.
Mueller, K.
Mueller, T.
Niedermeier, N.
O'Doherty, S.
Oetjen, H.
Plane, J. M. C.
Pszenny, A. A. P.
Read, K. A.
Saiz-Lopez, A.
Saltzman, E. S.
Sander, R.
von Glasow, R.
Whalley, L.
Wiedensohler, A.
Young, D.
TI Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe): the tropical
North Atlantic experiments
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; OZONE DESTRUCTION; DOAS
MEASUREMENTS; IODINE CHEMISTRY; EASTERN ATLANTIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; MACE
HEAD; TROPOSPHERE; BROMINE
AB The NERC UK SOLAS-funded Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) programme comprised three field experiments. This manuscript presents an overview of the measurements made within the two simultaneous remote experiments conducted in the tropical North Atlantic in May and June 2007. Measurements were made from two mobile and one ground-based platforms. The heavily instrumented cruise D319 on the RRS Discovery from Lisbon, Portugal to Sao Vicente, Cape Verde and back to Falmouth, UK was used to characterise the spatial distribution of boundary layer components likely to play a role in reactive halogen chemistry. Measurements onboard the ARSF Dornier aircraft were used to allow the observations to be interpreted in the context of their vertical distribution and to confirm the interpretation of atmospheric structure in the vicinity of the Cape Verde islands. Long-term ground-based measurements at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) on Sao Vicente were supplemented by long-term measurements of reactive halogen species and characterisation of additional trace gas and aerosol species during the intensive experimental period.
This paper presents a summary of the measurements made within the RHaMBLe remote experiments and discusses them in their meteorological and chemical context as determined from these three platforms and from additional meteorological analyses. Air always arrived at the CVAO from the North East with a range of air mass origins (European, Atlantic and North American continental). Trace gases were present at stable and fairly low concentrations with the exception of a slight increase in some anthropogenic components in air of North American origin, though NOx mixing ratios during this period remained below 20 pptv (note the non-IUPAC adoption in this manuscript of pptv and ppbv, equivalent to pmol mol(-1) and nmol mol(-1) to reflect common practice). Consistency with these air mass classifications is observed in the time series of soluble gas and aerosol composition measurements, with additional identification of periods of slightly elevated dust concentrations consistent with the trajectories passing over the African continent. The CVAO is shown to be broadly representative of the wider North Atlantic marine boundary layer; measurements of NO, O-3 and black carbon from the ship are consistent with a clean Northern Hemisphere marine background. Aerosol composition measurements do not indicate elevated organic material associated with clean marine air. Closer to the African coast, black carbon and NO levels start to increase, indicating greater anthropogenic influence. Lower ozone in this region is possibly associated with the increased levels of measured halocarbons, associated with the nutrient rich waters of the Mauritanian upwelling. Bromide and chloride deficits in coarse mode aerosol at both the CVAO and on D319 and the continuous abundance of inorganic gaseous halogen species at CVAO indicate significant reactive cycling of halogens.
Aircraft measurements of O-3 and CO show that surface measurements are representative of the entire boundary layer in the vicinity both in diurnal variability and absolute levels. Above the inversion layer similar diurnal behaviour in O-3 and CO is observed at lower mixing ratios in the air that had originated from south of Cape Verde, possibly from within the ITCZ. ECMWF calculations on two days indicate very different boundary layer depths and aircraft flights over the ship replicate this, giving confidence in the calculated boundary layer depth.
C1 [McFiggans, G.; Allan, J. D.; Fuentes, E.; Good, N.; Irwin, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Lee, J. D.; Carpenter, L. J.; Hamilton, J. F.; Hopkins, J. R.; Jones, C. E.; Lewis, A. C.; Moller, S. J.; Read, K. A.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Lee, J. D.; Hopkins, J. R.; Lewis, A. C.] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Baker, A. R.; von Glasow, R.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Ball, S. M.; Hollingsworth, A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Benton, A. K.; Jones, R. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Commane, R.; Furneaux, K.; Goddard, A.; Heard, D. E.; Ingham, T.; Mahajan, A.; Oetjen, H.; Plane, J. M. C.; Whalley, L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Finley, B. D.; Lawler, M. J.; Saltzman, E. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Evans, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Heard, D. E.; Ingham, T.; Whalley, L.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Herrmann, H.; Lehmann, S.; Mueller, K.; Mueller, T.; Niedermeier, N.; Wiedensohler, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
[Keene, W. C.; Long, M. S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Methven, J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England.
[O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
[Pszenny, A. A. P.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Pszenny, A. A. P.] Mt Washington Observ, N Conway, NH 03860 USA.
[Saiz-Lopez, A.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Sander, R.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany.
RP McFiggans, G (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
EM g.mcfiggans@manchester.ac.uk
RI Wiedensohler, Alfred/D-1223-2013; Herrmann, Hartmut/C-2486-2009;
Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Sander, Rolf/A-5725-2011; Baker,
Alex/D-1233-2011; von Glasow, Roland/E-2125-2011; McFiggans,
Gordon/B-8689-2011; Mahajan, Anoop/D-2714-2012; Evans,
Mathew/A-3886-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Carpenter,
Lucy/E-6742-2013; Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Plane, John/C-7444-2015;
Mueller, Thomas/E-5426-2015; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Oetjen,
Hilke/H-3708-2016;
OI Herrmann, Hartmut/0000-0001-7044-2101; Saiz-Lopez,
Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Sander, Rolf/0000-0001-6479-2092; Baker,
Alex/0000-0002-8365-8953; von Glasow, Roland/0000-0002-3944-2784;
McFiggans, Gordon/0000-0002-3423-7896; Mahajan,
Anoop/0000-0002-2909-5432; Evans, Mathew/0000-0003-4775-032X; Allan,
James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Lewis, Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; Plane,
John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Moller, Sarah/0000-0003-4923-9509; Heard,
Dwayne/0000-0002-0357-6238; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Oetjen,
Hilke/0000-0002-3542-1337; Carpenter, Lucy/0000-0002-6257-3950; Jones,
Roderic /0000-0002-6761-3966
FU NERC UK SOLAS [NE/D006570/1, NE/E01111X/1, NE/E011454/1, NE/D005175/1,
NE/C001931/1]; UK National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences (NCAS);
School of Chemistry, University of Leeds; US National Science Foundation
[ATM-0646865, ATM-0646854]; US Department of Energy; NSF [ATM-0614816]
FX This work was supported by the NERC UK SOLAS programme under the
"Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer" (RHaMBLe) grant number
NE/D006570/1. The aircraft measurements were made within the UK SOLAS
"Chemical and Physical Structure Of The Lower Atmosphere Of The Tropical
Eastern North Atlantic" project (NE/E01111X/1). Additional support for
University of Manchester personnel was provided by the UK SOLAS "Aerosol
Characterisation and Modelling in the Marine Environment" (ACMME,
NE/E011454/1) grant and the NERC "Composition Of Microlayer Produced
AeroSol" (COMPAS, NE/D005175/1) grant and results were presented through
the "Integration & synthesis of current research into the formation,
evolution and roles of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine
environment" (UK SOLAS CCN Knowledge Transfer) activity (NE/G000247/1).
JDL, JDA, DEH, TI, LJW were all supported in part or in whole by UK
National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences (NCAS) funding. ARB was funded
under UK SOLAS grant number NE/C001931/1. ASM thanks the School of
Chemistry, University of Leeds for his Ph.D. studentship. The University
of New Hampshire and University of Virginia components were funded by
the US National Science Foundation through award numbers ATM-0646865 and
ATM-0646854, respectively; additional support was provided by the US
Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
Global Change Education Program. J. Maben (University of Virginia), R.
Deegan (Mount Washington Observatory, Conway, NH, USA), and E. Crete
(University of New Hampshire) assisted in sample collection and
analysis. The University of California at Irvine participation was
supported by NSF grant ATM-0614816. This is a contribution to SOLAS and
the SOLAS/IGAC task Halogens in the Troposphere (HitT).
NR 86
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 3
U2 49
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1031
EP 1055
DI 10.5194/acp-10-1031-2010
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 554BH
UT WOS:000274410000012
ER
PT J
AU Russell, PB
Bergstrom, RW
Shinozuka, Y
Clarke, AD
DeCarlo, PF
Jimenez, JL
Livingston, JM
Redemann, J
Dubovik, O
Strawa, A
AF Russell, P. B.
Bergstrom, R. W.
Shinozuka, Y.
Clarke, A. D.
DeCarlo, P. F.
Jimenez, J. L.
Livingston, J. M.
Redemann, J.
Dubovik, O.
Strawa, A.
TI Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator
of aerosol composition
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
LIGHT-ABSORPTION; MEXICO-CITY; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
SOLAR IRRADIANCE; RETRIEVAL; PARTICLES
AB Recent results from diverse air, ground, and laboratory studies using both radiometric and in situ techniques show that the fractions of black carbon, organic matter, and mineral dust in atmospheric aerosols determine the wavelength dependence of absorption (often expressed as Absorption Angstrom Exponent, or AAE). Taken together, these results hold promise of improving information on aerosol composition from remote measurements. The main purpose of this paper is to show that AAE values for an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) set of retrievals from Sun-sky measurements describing full aerosol vertical columns are also strongly correlated with aerosol composition or type. In particular, we find AAE values near 1 (the theoretical value for black carbon) for AERONET-measured aerosol columns dominated by urban-industrial aerosol, larger AAE values for biomass burning aerosols, and the largest AAE values for Sahara dust aerosols. These AERONET results are consistent with results from other, very different, techniques, including solar flux-aerosol optical depth (AOD) analyses and airborne in situ analyses examined in this paper, as well as many other previous results. Ambiguities in aerosol composition or mixtures thereof, resulting from intermediate AAE values, can be reduced via cluster analyses that supplement AAE with other variables, for example Extinction Angstrom Exponent (EAE), which is an indicator of particle size. Together with previous results, these results strengthen prospects for determining aerosol composition from space, for example using the Glory Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS), which seeks to provide retrievals of multi-wavelength single-scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol optical depth (and therefore aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and AAE), as well as shape and other aerosol properties. Multidimensional cluster analyses promise additional information content, for example by using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to add AAOD in the near ultraviolet and CALIPSO aerosol layer heights to reduce height-absorption ambiguity.
C1 [Russell, P. B.; Strawa, A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Bergstrom, R. W.; Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA.
[Shinozuka, Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Livingston, J. M.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
RP Russell, PB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM philip.b.russell@nasa.gov
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Dubovik,
Oleg/A-8235-2009
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149;
Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460
FU NASA [NNX08AD39G]; NSF [ATM05-11521, NSF-ATM-0513116]; NSF/UCAR
[S05-39607]
FX PBR, RWB, JML, JR, and AS were supported by the NASA Radiation Science
Program. ADC and YS were supported by NSF grant number ATM05-11521. PFD
and JLJ were supported by NASA NNX08AD39G, NSF/UCAR S05-39607, and
NSF-ATM-0513116. We appreciate helpful discussions with Brent Holben and
Lorraine Remer on AERONET measurements, with Omar Torres on OMI future
measurements and with Brian Cairns on Glory APS measurements, as well as
internal reviews by Robert Chatfield and Laura Iraci.
NR 72
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Z9 205
U1 4
U2 62
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1155
EP 1169
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 554BH
UT WOS:000274410000019
ER
PT J
AU Pfister, GG
Emmons, LK
Edwards, DP
Arellano, A
Sachse, G
Campos, T
AF Pfister, G. G.
Emmons, L. K.
Edwards, D. P.
Arellano, A.
Sachse, G.
Campos, T.
TI Variability of springtime transpacific pollution transport during
2000-2006: the INTEX-B mission in the context of previous years
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ASIAN EMISSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; FAST-RESPONSE;
PACIFIC; OZONE; INSTRUMENT; PATHWAYS; OUTFLOW
AB We analyze the transport of pollution across the Pacific during the NASA INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Part B) campaign in spring 2006 and examine how this year compares to the time period for 2000 through 2006. In addition to aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) collected during INTEX-B, we include in this study multi-year satellite retrievals of CO from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument and simulations from the chemistry transport model MOZART-4. Model tracers are used to examine the contributions of different source regions and source types to pollution levels over the Pacific. Additional modeling studies are performed to separate the impacts of inter-annual variability in meteorology and dynamics from changes in source strength.
Interannual variability in the tropospheric CO burden over the Pacific and the US as estimated from the MOPITT data range up to 7% and a somewhat smaller estimate (5%) is derived from the model. When keeping the emissions in the model constant between years, the year-to-year changes are reduced (2%), but show that in addition to changes in emissions, variable meteorological conditions also impact transpacific pollution transport. We estimate that about 1/3 of the variability in the tropospheric CO loading over the contiguous US is explained by changes in emissions and about 2/3 by changes in meteorology and transport. Biomass burning sources are found to be a larger driver for inter-annual variability in the CO loading compared to fossil and biofuel sources or photochemical CO production even though their absolute contributions are smaller. Source contribution analysis shows that the aircraft sampling during INTEX-B was fairly representative of the larger scale region, but with a slight bias towards higher influence from Asian contributions.
C1 [Pfister, G. G.; Emmons, L. K.; Edwards, D. P.; Arellano, A.; Campos, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Pfister, GG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM pfister@ucar.edu
RI Arellano, Avelino, Jr./F-5674-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008;
Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016
OI Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212
FU NASA [EOS/03-0601-0145, NNG04GA459]; National Science Foundation
FX The authors acknowledge Helen Worden, Steve Massie and three anonymous
reviewers for valuable input to the manuscript. We further acknowledge
the INTEX-B teams for providing an extensive and unique set of
measurements and Paul Novelli for providing NOAA surface CO
measurements. The work was supported by NASA grants EOS/03-0601-0145 and
NNG04GA459. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation of
Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science
Foundation.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1345
EP 1359
DI 10.5194/acp-10-1345-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 554BH
UT WOS:000274410000031
ER
PT J
AU Jensen, EJ
Pfister, L
Bui, TP
Lawson, P
Baumgardner, D
AF Jensen, E. J.
Pfister, L.
Bui, T. -P.
Lawson, P.
Baumgardner, D.
TI Ice nucleation and cloud microphysical properties in tropical tropopause
layer cirrus
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE PARTICLES; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL;
RADIATIVE IMPACTS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; MINERAL DUST; TEMPERATURE;
AIRCRAFT; LIDAR; VARIABILITY
AB In past modeling studies, it has generally been assumed that the predominant mechanism for nucleation of ice in the uppermost troposphere is homogeneous freezing of aqueous aerosols. However, recent in situ and remote-sensing measurements of the properties of cirrus clouds at very low temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are broadly inconsistent with theoretial predictions based on the homogeneous freezing assumption. The nearly ubiquitous occurence of gravity waves in the TTL makes the predictions from homogeneous nucleation theory particularly difficult to reconcile with measurements. These measured properties include ice number concentrations, which are much lower than theory predicts; ice crystal size distributions, which are much broader than theory predicts; and cloud extinctions, which are much lower than theory predicts. Although other explanations are possible, one way to limit ice concentrations is to have on the order of 50 L-1 effective ice nuclei (IN) that could nucleate ice at relatively low supersaturations. We suggest that ammonium sulfate particles, which would be dry much of the time in the cold TTL, are a potential IN candidate for TTL cirrus. However, this mechanism remains to be fully quantified for the size distribution of ammonium sulfate (possibly internally mixed with organics) actually present in the upper troposphere. Possible implications of the observed cloud microphysical properties for ice sedimentation, dehydration, and cloud persistence are also discussed.
C1 [Jensen, E. J.; Pfister, L.; Bui, T. -P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lawson, P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Circuito Exterior, Mexico.
RP Jensen, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov
FU NASA's Radiation Science Program
FX We thank Qiang Fu and Qiong Yang for providing the tropical tropopause
layer heating rates used in this work. We also than Mark Vaughan and
Charles Trepte for helpful discussions. This work was supported by
NASA's Radiation Science Program.
NR 61
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U1 3
U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1369
EP 1384
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 554BH
UT WOS:000274410000033
ER
PT J
AU Martin, MV
Logan, JA
Kahn, RA
Leung, FY
Nelson, DL
Diner, DJ
AF Martin, M. Val
Logan, J. A.
Kahn, R. A.
Leung, F. -Y.
Nelson, D. L.
Diner, D. J.
TI Smoke injection heights from fires in North America: analysis of 5 years
of satellite observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOREST-FIRES; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
BOREAL FOREST; PLUME-RISE; TRANSPORT; MODIS; MISR; CO
AB We analyze an extensive record of aerosol smoke plume heights derived from observations over North America for the fire seasons of 2002 and 2004-2007 made by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument on board the NASA Earth Observing System Terra satellite. We characterize the magnitude and variability of smoke plume heights for various biomes, and assess the contribution of local atmospheric and fire conditions to this variability. Plume heights are highly variable, ranging from a few hundred meters up to 5000 m above the terrain at the Terra overpass time (11: 00-14: 00 local time). The largest plumes are found over the boreal region (median values of similar to 850 m height, 24 km length and 940m thickness), whereas the smallest plumes are found over cropland and grassland fires in the contiguous US (median values of similar to 530 m height, 12 km length and 550-640 m thickness). The analysis of plume heights in combination with assimilated meteorological observations from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System indicates that a significant fraction (4-12%) of plumes from fires are injected above the boundary layer (BL), consistent with earlier results for Alaska and the Yukon Territories during summer 2004. Most of the plumes located above the BL (>83%) are trapped within stable atmospheric layers. We find a correlation between plume height and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire radiative power (FRP) thermal anomalies associated with each plume. Smoke plumes located in the free troposphere (FT) exhibit larger FRP values (1620-1640 MW) than those remaining within the BL (174-465 MW). Plumes located in the FT without a stable layer reach higher altitudes and are more spread-out vertically than those associated with distinct stable layers (2490 m height and 2790 m thickness versus 1880 m height and 1800 m thickness). The MISR plume climatology exhibits a well-defined seasonal cycle of plume heights in boreal and temperate biomes, with greater heights during June-July. MODIS FRP measurements indicate that larger summertime heights are the result of higher fire intensity, likely due to more severe fire weather during these months. This work demonstrates the significant effect of fire intensity and atmospheric structure on the ultimate rise of fire emissions, and underlines the importance of considering such physical processes in modeling smoke dispersion.
C1 [Martin, M. Val; Logan, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Leung, F. -Y.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Nelson, D. L.] Raytheon Intelligence & Informat Syst, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Diner, D. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Martin, MV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM mvalmart@seas.harvard.edu
RI Val Martin, Maria/D-6955-2011; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012
OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359
FU National Science Foundation [ATM0554804]; STAR Research Assistance
[RD-83227501-0]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
FX This worked was supported by the National Science Foundation, grant
ATM0554804, and by STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. RD-83227501-0
awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This
publication has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views
expressed in this document are solely those of authors and the EPA does
not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this
publication. Part of this research was carried out by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We thank Charles
Ichoku for helpful discussions about MODIS fire radiative power; the
work of many summer students who contributed to the digitizing effort at
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 71
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U1 1
U2 30
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 1491
EP 1510
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 559TS
UT WOS:000274851500002
ER
PT J
AU Lin, B
Chambers, L
Stackhouse, P
Wielicki, B
Hu, Y
Minnis, P
Loeb, N
Sun, W
Potter, G
Min, Q
Schuster, G
Fan, TF
AF Lin, B.
Chambers, L.
Stackhouse, P., Jr.
Wielicki, B.
Hu, Y.
Minnis, P.
Loeb, N.
Sun, W.
Potter, G.
Min, Q.
Schuster, G.
Fan, T. -F.
TI Estimations of climate sensitivity based on top-of-atmosphere radiation
imbalance
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DECADAL VARIABILITY; ENERGY BUDGET; MODEL
AB Large climate feedback uncertainties limit the accuracy in predicting the response of the Earth's climate to the increase of CO2 concentration within the atmosphere. This study explores a potential to reduce uncertainties in climate sensitivity estimations using energy balance analysis, especially top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation imbalance. The time-scales studied generally cover from decade to century, that is, middle-range climate sensitivity is considered, which is directly related to the climate issue caused by atmospheric CO2 change. The significant difference between current analysis and previous energy balance models is that the current study targets at the boundary condition problem instead of solving the initial condition problem. Additionally, climate system memory and deep ocean heat transport are considered. The climate feedbacks are obtained based on the constraints of the TOA radiation imbalance and surface temperature measurements of the present climate. In this study, the TOA imbalance value of 0.85 W/m(2) is used. Note that this imbalance value has large uncertainties. Based on this value, a positive climate feedback with a feedback coefficient ranging from -1.3 to -1.0 W/m(2)/K is found. The range of feedback coefficient is determined by climate system memory. The longer the memory, the stronger the positive feedback. The estimated time constant of the climate is large (70 similar to 120 years) mainly owing to the deep ocean heat transport, implying that the system may be not in an equilibrium state under the external forcing during the industrial era. For the doubled-CO2 climate (or 3.7 W/m(2) forcing), the estimated global warming would be 3.1K if the current estimate of 0.85 W/m(2) TOA net radiative heating could be confirmed. With accurate long-term measurements of TOA radiation, the analysis method suggested by this study provides a great potential in the estimations of middle-range climate sensitivity.
C1 [Lin, B.; Chambers, L.; Stackhouse, P., Jr.; Wielicki, B.; Hu, Y.; Minnis, P.; Loeb, N.; Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Sun, W.; Fan, T. -F.] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Potter, G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Min, Q.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
RP Lin, B (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM bing.lin@nasa.gov
RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010
OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148
FU NASA
FX The authors would like to express their appreciation to T. Wong, G.
Gibson, D. Young, and D. Garber for their valuable comments and
encouragement. This research was supported by NASA CERES mission and
Energy and Water cycle Studies (NEWS) program.
NR 22
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 1923
EP 1930
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 559TS
UT WOS:000274851500028
ER
PT J
AU Adhikary, B
Carmichael, GR
Kulkarni, S
Wei, C
Tang, Y
D'Allura, A
Mena-Carrasco, M
Streets, DG
Zhang, Q
Pierce, RB
Al-Saadi, JA
Emmons, LK
Pfister, GG
Avery, MA
Barrick, JD
Blake, DR
Brune, WH
Cohen, RC
Dibb, JE
Fried, A
Heikes, BG
Huey, LG
O'Sullivan, DW
Sachse, GW
Shetter, RE
Singh, HB
Campos, TL
Cantrell, CA
Flocke, FM
Dunlea, EJ
Jimenez, JL
Weinheimer, AJ
Crounse, JD
Wennberg, PO
Schauer, JJ
Stone, EA
Jaffe, DA
Reidmiller, DR
AF Adhikary, B.
Carmichael, G. R.
Kulkarni, S.
Wei, C.
Tang, Y.
D'Allura, A.
Mena-Carrasco, M.
Streets, D. G.
Zhang, Q.
Pierce, R. B.
Al-Saadi, J. A.
Emmons, L. K.
Pfister, G. G.
Avery, M. A.
Barrick, J. D.
Blake, D. R.
Brune, W. H.
Cohen, R. C.
Dibb, J. E.
Fried, A.
Heikes, B. G.
Huey, L. G.
O'Sullivan, D. W.
Sachse, G. W.
Shetter, R. E.
Singh, H. B.
Campos, T. L.
Cantrell, C. A.
Flocke, F. M.
Dunlea, E. J.
Jimenez, J. L.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Crounse, J. D.
Wennberg, P. O.
Schauer, J. J.
Stone, E. A.
Jaffe, D. A.
Reidmiller, D. R.
TI A regional scale modeling analysis of aerosol and trace gas
distributions over the eastern Pacific during the INTEX-B field campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; POLLUTION
TRANSPORT; ASIAN AEROSOLS; AIR-POLLUTION; MINERAL DUST; ORGANIC MASS;
EMISSIONS; AIRCRAFT
AB The Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) is applied to the analysis of observations obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B), conducted over the eastern Pacific Ocean during spring 2006. Predicted trace gas and aerosol distributions over the Pacific are presented and discussed in terms of transport and source region contributions. Trace species distributions show a strong west (high) to east (low) gradient, with the bulk of the pollutant transport over the central Pacific occurring between similar to 20 degrees N and 50 degrees N in the 2-6 km altitude range. These distributions are evaluated in the eastern Pacific by comparison with the NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 airborne measurements along with observations from the Mt. Bachelor (MBO) surface site. Thirty different meteorological, trace gas and aerosol parameters are compared. In general the meteorological fields are better predicted than gas phase species, which in turn are better predicted than aerosol quantities. PAN is found to be significantly overpredicted over the eastern Pacific, which is attributed to uncertainties in the chemical reaction mechanisms used in current atmospheric chemistry models in general and to the specifically high PAN production in the SAPRC-99 mechanism used in the regional model. A systematic underprediction of the elevated sulfate layer in the eastern Pacific observed by the C-130 is another issue that is identified and discussed. Results from source region tagged CO simulations are used to estimate how the different source regions around the Pacific contribute to the trace gas species distributions. During this period the largest contributions were from China and from fires in South/Southeast and North Asia. For the C-130 flights, which operated off the coast of the Northwest US, the regional CO contributions range as follows: China (35%), South/Southeast Asia fires (35%), North America anthropogenic (20%), and North Asia fires (10%). The transport of pollution into the western US is studied at MBO and a variety of events with elevated Asian dust, and periods with contributions from China and fires from both Asia and North America are discussed. The role of heterogeneous chemistry on the composition over the eastern Pacific is also studied. The impacts of heterogeneous reactions at specific times can be significant, increasing sulfate and nitrate aerosol production and reducing gas phase nitric acid levels appreciably (similar to 50%).
C1 [Adhikary, B.; Carmichael, G. R.; Kulkarni, S.; Wei, C.; Tang, Y.; D'Allura, A.; Mena-Carrasco, M.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
[Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Pierce, R. B.; Al-Saadi, J. A.; Avery, M. A.; Barrick, J. D.; Sachse, G. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Emmons, L. K.; Pfister, G. G.; Fried, A.; Shetter, R. E.; Campos, T. L.; Cantrell, C. A.; Flocke, F. M.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[O'Sullivan, D. W.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Schauer, J. J.; Stone, E. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI USA.
[Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA.
[Reidmiller, D. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Kulkarni, S (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM sarika-kulkarni@uiowa.edu
RI Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Crounse,
John/C-3700-2014; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011;
wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/F-5609-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Zhang,
Qiang/D-9034-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Mena-Carrasco,
Marcelo/B-8483-2012
OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212;
Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; O'Sullivan,
Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Cohen,
Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643;
FU NASA [NNG04GC58G]; NSF [0613124]
FX We would like to thank the INTEX-B science team. This work was supported
by a NASA grants (NNG04GC58G and INTEX-B). The heterogeneous chemistry
portion was based on work done under a NSF grant (0613124). The authors
would also like to acknowledge NOAA and Atmospheric Brown Cloud project
for support of the Trinidad Head and Kathmandu measurements.
NR 55
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U1 0
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 5
BP 2091
EP 2115
DI 10.5194/acp-10-2091-2010
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 568ER
UT WOS:000275505500002
ER
PT J
AU Thomason, LW
Moore, JR
Pitts, MC
Zawodny, JM
Chiou, EW
AF Thomason, L. W.
Moore, J. R.
Pitts, M. C.
Zawodny, J. M.
Chiou, E. W.
TI An evaluation of the SAGE similar to III version 4 aerosol extinction
coefficient and water vapor data products
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; POAM-III; OZONE OBSERVATIONS; VALIDATION; SENSOR;
VORTEX; HALOE; GAS; NM
AB Herein, we provide an assessment of the data quality of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE similar to III) Version 4 aerosol extinction coefficient and water vapor data products. The evaluation is based on comparisons with data from four instruments: SAGE II, the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Since only about half of the SAGE III channels have a direct comparison with measurements by other instruments, we have employed some empirical techniques to evaluate measurements at some wavelengths. We find that the aerosol extinction coefficient measurements at 449, 520, 755, 869, and 1021 nm are reliable with accuracies and precisions on the order of 10% in the mission's primary aerosol target range of 15 to 25 km. We also believe this to be true of the aerosol measurements at 1545 nm though we cannot exclude some positive bias below 15 km. We recommend use of the 385 nm measurements above 16 km where the accuracy is on par with other aerosol channels. The 601 nm measurement is much noisier (similar to 20%) than other channels and we suggest caution in the use of these data. We believe that the 676 nm data are clearly defective particularly above 20 km (accuracy as poor as 50%) and the precision is also low (similar to 30%). We suggest excluding this channel under most circumstances. The SAGE III Version 4 water vapor data product appears to be high quality and is recommended for science applications in the stratosphere below 45 km. In this altitude range, the mean differences with all four corroborative data sets are no bigger than 15% and often less than 10% with exceptional agreement with POAM III and MLS. Above 45 km, it seems likely that SAGE III water vapor values are increasingly too large and should be used cautiously or avoided. We believe that SAGE III meets its preflight goal of 15% accuracy and 10% precision between 15 and 45 km. SAGE III water vapor data does not appear to be affected by aerosol loading in the stratosphere.
C1 [Thomason, L. W.; Pitts, M. C.; Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Moore, J. R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Chiou, E. W.] ADNET Syst Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Thomason, LW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM l.w.thomason@nasa.gov
OI Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840
FU NASA [TM 2003-243]
FX The solar attenuator test was performed by Ed Burcher, Joseph Goad, and
Michael Cisewski of NASA Langley Research Center and archived as SAGE
III Technical Memorandum TM 2003-243 and is available from the authors.
NR 32
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U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 5
BP 2159
EP 2173
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 568ER
UT WOS:000275505500006
ER
PT J
AU Liang, Q
Stolarski, RS
Kawa, SR
Nielsen, JE
Douglass, AR
Rodriguez, JM
Blake, DR
Atlas, EL
Ott, LE
AF Liang, Q.
Stolarski, R. S.
Kawa, S. R.
Nielsen, J. E.
Douglass, A. R.
Rodriguez, J. M.
Blake, D. R.
Atlas, E. L.
Ott, L. E.
TI Finding the missing stratospheric Br-y: a global modeling study of CHBr3
and CH2Br2
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC EXPLORATORY MISSION; BROMINE CHEMISTRY; TROPICAL PACIFIC;
ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PEM-TROPICS; TRANSPORT; BROMOFORM; TROPOSPHERE; AIR;
HALOCARBONS
AB Recent in situ and satellite measurements suggest a contribution of similar to 5 pptv to stratospheric inorganic bromine from short-lived bromocarbons. We conduct a modeling study of the two most important short-lived bromocarbons, bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), with the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to account for this missing stratospheric bromine. We derive a 'top-down' emission estimate of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 using airborne measurements in the Pacific and North American troposphere and lower stratosphere obtained during previous NASA aircraft campaigns. Our emission estimate suggests that to reproduce the observed concentrations in the free troposphere, a global oceanic emission of 425 Gg Br yr(-1) for CHBr3 and 57 Gg Br yr(-1) for CH2Br2 is needed, with 60% of emissions from open ocean and 40% from coastal regions. Although our simple emission scheme assumes no seasonal variations, the model reproduces the observed seasonal variations of the short-lived bromocarbons with high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. This indicates that the seasonality of short-lived bromocarbons is largely due to seasonality in their chemical loss and transport. The inclusion of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 contributes similar to 5 pptv bromine throughout the stratosphere. Both the source gases and inorganic bromine produced from source gas degradation (Br-y(VSLS)) in the troposphere are transported into the stratosphere, and are equally important. Inorganic bromine accounts for half (2.5 pptv) of the bromine from the inclusion of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 near the tropical tropopause and its contribution rapidly increases to similar to 100% as altitude increases. More than 85% of the wet scavenging of Br-y(VSLS) occurs in large-scale precipitation below 500 hPa. Our sensitivity study with wet scavenging in convective updrafts switched off suggests that Br-y(VSLS) in the stratosphere is not sensitive to convection. Convective scavenging only accounts for similar to 0.2 pptv (4%) difference in inorganic bromine delivered to the stratosphere.
C1 [Liang, Q.; Stolarski, R. S.; Kawa, S. R.; Douglass, A. R.; Rodriguez, J. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Liang, Q.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Nielsen, J. E.; Ott, L. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Ott, L. E.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Liang, Q (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM qing.liang@nasa.gov
RI Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012; Douglass,
Anne/D-4655-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012;
Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013
OI Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Rodriguez,
Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649
FU NASA
FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral
Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge
Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We thank Stephan
Fueglistaler for helpful discussions on transport in the tropical
tropopause layer. We also acknowledge the useful comments from two
anonymous reviewers.
NR 72
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U1 2
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 5
BP 2269
EP 2286
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 568ER
UT WOS:000275505500013
ER
PT J
AU Voulgarakis, A
Savage, NH
Wild, O
Braesicke, P
Young, PJ
Carver, GD
Pyle, JA
AF Voulgarakis, A.
Savage, N. H.
Wild, O.
Braesicke, P.
Young, P. J.
Carver, G. D.
Pyle, J. A.
TI Interannual variability of tropospheric composition: the influence of
changes in emissions, meteorology and clouds
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID 1997-1998 EL-NINO; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OZONE; IMPACT; MODEL; SIMULATION; PHOTOLYSIS;
GOME
AB We have run a chemistry transport model (CTM) to systematically examine the drivers of interannual variability of tropospheric composition during 1996-2000. This period was characterised by anomalous meteorological conditions associated with the strong El Nino of 1997-1998 and intense wildfires, which produced a large amount of pollution. On a global scale, changing meteorology (winds, temperatures, humidity and clouds) is found to be the most important factor driving interannual variability of NO2 and ozone on the timescales considered. Changes in stratosphere-troposphere exchange, which are largely driven by meteorological variability, are found to play a particularly important role in driving ozone changes. The strong influence of emissions on NO2 and ozone interannual variability is largely confined to areas where intense biomass burning events occur. For CO, interannual variability is almost solely driven by emission changes, while for OH meteorology dominates, with the radiative influence of clouds being a very strong contributor. Through a simple attribution analysis for 1996-2000 we conclude that changing cloudiness drives 25% of the interannual variability of OH over Europe by affecting shortwave radiation. Over Indonesia this figure is as high as 71%. Changes in cloudiness contribute a small but non-negligible amount (up to 6%) to the interannual variability of ozone over Europe and Indonesia. This suggests that future assessments of trends in tropospheric oxidizing capacity should account for interannual variability in cloudiness, a factor neglected in many previous studies.
C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Braesicke, P.; Young, P. J.; Carver, G. D.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
[Savage, N. H.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England.
RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM avoulgarakis@giss.nasa.gov
RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Braesicke,
Peter/D-8330-2016;
OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887;
Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Savage,
Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100
FU NERC; NCAS (UK); IKY (Greece)
FX The authors wish to thank NERC and NCAS (UK), and IKY (Greece) for
funding. A. V. thanks Paul Telford for useful suggestions on the data
analysis methods. The authors thank Paul Berrisford for providing the
ECMWF data. Emission datasets were obtained from the RETRO Project
website (http://retro.enes.org/). We also acknowledge the local staffs
of the NyAlesund, Saturna, Zugspitze, Tsukuba, Izana, Mauna Loa, Baltic
Sea, Ulaan Uul, Ascension Island, Tutuila and Palmer Station measurement
stations, as well as NOAA-ESRL-GMD and WDCGG.
NR 46
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U1 0
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 5
BP 2491
EP 2506
DI 10.5194/acp-10-2491-2010
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 568ER
UT WOS:000275505500027
ER
PT J
AU Liu, X
Bhartia, PK
Chance, K
Spurr, RJD
Kurosu, TP
AF Liu, X.
Bhartia, P. K.
Chance, K.
Spurr, R. J. D.
Kurosu, T. P.
TI Ozone profile retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC;
SATELLITE; POLLUTION; ALGORITHM; VALIDATION; DERIVATION; RADIANCES;
TRANSPORT
AB Ozone profiles from the surface to about 60 km are retrieved from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet radiances using the optimal estimation technique. OMI provides daily ozone profiles for the entire sunlit portion of the earth at a horizontal resolution of 13 kmx48 km for the nadir position. The retrieved profiles have sufficient accuracy in the troposphere to see ozone perturbations caused by convection, biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution, and to track their spatiotemporal transport. However, to achieve such accuracy it has been necessary to calibrate OMI radiances carefully (using two days of Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder data taken in the tropics). The retrieved profiles contain similar to 6-7 degrees of freedom for signal, with 5-7 in the stratosphere and 0-1.5 in the troposphere. Vertical resolution varies from 7-11 km in the stratosphere to 10-14 km in the troposphere. Retrieval precisions range from 1% in the middle stratosphere to 10% in the lower stratosphere and troposphere. Solution errors (i.e., root sum square of precisions and smoothing errors) vary from 1-6% in the middle stratosphere to 6-35% in the troposphere, and are dominated by smoothing errors. Total, stratospheric, and tropospheric ozone columns can be retrieved with solution errors typically in the few Dobson unit range at solar zenith angles less than 80 degrees.
C1 [Liu, X.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Liu, X.; Chance, K.; Kurosu, T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Liu, X.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Spurr, R. J. D.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA.
RP Liu, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM xliu@cfa.harvard.edu
RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016;
OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137;
Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577
FU NASA [NNG06GH99G]; New Investigator Program in Earth Science
[NNX08AN98G]; Smithsonian Institution
FX This study was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Program
(NNG06GH99G), the New Investigator Program in Earth Science
(NNX08AN98G), and the Smithsonian Institution. The Dutch-Finnish OMI
instrument is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI
Project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. We acknowledge
the OMI International Science Team and MLS science team for providing
satellite data used in this study. NCEP Reanalysis data are provided by
NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA, from their Web site at
http://www.cdc.noaa.gov. We also thank J. Joiner, S. Taylor, and G.
Jaross for discussions on OMI radiance calibration.
NR 60
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U1 6
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 5
BP 2521
EP 2537
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 568ER
UT WOS:000275505500029
ER
PT J
AU Liu, X
Bhartia, PK
Chance, K
Froidevaux, L
Spurr, RJD
Kurosu, TP
AF Liu, X.
Bhartia, P. K.
Chance, K.
Froidevaux, L.
Spurr, R. J. D.
Kurosu, T. P.
TI Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ozone profiles and
stratospheric ozone columns with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS)
measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB We validate OMI ozone profiles between 0.22-215 hPa and stratospheric ozone columns down to 215 hPa (SOC215) against v2.2 MLS data from 2006. The validation demonstrates convincingly that SOC can be derived accurately from OMI data alone, with errors comparable to or smaller than those from current MLS retrievals, and it demonstrates implicitly that tropospheric ozone column can be retrieved accurately from OMI or similar nadir-viewing ultraviolet measurements alone. The global mean biases are within 2.5% above 100 hPa and 5-10% below 100 hPa; the standard deviations of the differences (1 sigma) are 3.5-5% between 1-50 hPa, 6-9% above 1 hPa and 8-15% below 50 hPa. OMI shows some latitude and solar zenith angle dependent biases, but the mean biases are mostly within 5% and the standard deviations are mostly within 2-5% except for low altitudes and high latitudes. The excellent agreement with MLS data shows that OMI retrievals can be used to augment the validation of MLS and other stratospheric ozone measurements made with even higher vertical resolution than that for OMI. OMI SOC215 shows a small bias of -0.6% with a standard deviation of 2.8%. When compared as a function of latitude and solar zenith angle, the mean biases are within 2% and the standard deviations range from 2.1 to 3.4%. Assuming 2% precision for MLS SOC215, we deduce that the upper limits of random-noise and smoothing errors for OMI SOC215 range from 0.6% in the southern tropics to 2.8% at northern middle latitudes.
C1 [Liu, X.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Liu, X.; Chance, K.; Kurosu, T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Liu, X.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Froidevaux, L.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Spurr, R. J. D.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA.
RP Liu, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM xliu@cfa.harvard.edu
RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016;
OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137;
Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577
FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Program [NNG06GH99G]; Smithsonian
Institution
FX This study was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Program
(NNG06GH99G) and by the Smithsonian Institution. The Dutch-Finnish OMI
instrument is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI
Project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. We acknowledge
the OMI International Science Team and MLS science team for the
satellite data used in this study.
NR 14
TC 27
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U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 5
BP 2539
EP 2549
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 568ER
UT WOS:000275505500030
ER
PT J
AU Gatebe, CK
Dubovik, O
King, MD
Sinyuk, A
AF Gatebe, C. K.
Dubovik, O.
King, M. D.
Sinyuk, A.
TI Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface optical properties from
combined airborne- and ground-based direct and diffuse radiometric
measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; REFLECTANCE CSAR MODEL; BIDIRECTIONAL
REFLECTANCE; EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TURBIDITY; SOUTHERN
AFRICA; INVERSION; ALGORITHM; SUNLIGHT; AERONET
AB This paper presents a new method for simultaneously retrieving aerosol and surface reflectance properties from combined airborne and ground-based direct and diffuse radiometric measurements. The method is based on the standard Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) method for retrieving aerosol size distribution, complex index of refraction, and single scattering albedo, but modified to retrieve aerosol properties in two layers, below and above the aircraft, and parameters on surface optical properties from combined datasets (Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) and AERONET data). A key advantage of this method is the inversion of all available spectral and angular data at the same time, while accounting for the influence of noise in the inversion procedure using statistical optimization. The wide spectral (0.34-2.30 mu m) and angular range (180 degrees) of the CAR instrument, combined with observations from an AERONET sunphotometer, provide sufficient measurement constraints for characterizing aerosol and surface properties with minimal assumptions. The robustness of the method was tested on observations made during four different field campaigns: (a) the Southern African Regional Science Initiative 2000 over Mongu, Zambia, (b) the Intercontinental Transport Experiment-Phase B over Mexico City, Mexico (c) Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Central Facility, Oklahoma, USA, and (d) the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) over Elson Lagoon in Barrow, Alaska, USA. The four areas are dominated by different surface characteristics and aerosol types, and therefore provide good test cases for the new inversion method.
C1 [Gatebe, C. K.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Gatebe, C. K.; King, M. D.; Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Dubovik, O.] Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[King, M. D.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sinyuk, A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Gatebe, CK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM charles.k.gatebe@nasa.gov
RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Gatebe, Charles/G-7094-2011; Dubovik,
Oleg/A-8235-2009
OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Gatebe, Charles/0000-0001-9261-2239;
Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460
FU NASA [NNX08AF89G]
FX This research was supported by the Science Mission Directorate of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of the Radiation
Sciences Program under Hal B. Maring and Airborne Science Program under
Andrew C. Roberts. Special thanks to Gala Wind and Thomas Arnold for
their facilitating of CAR data processing and Rajesh Poudyal for help
with Fig. 3. We thank the AERONET project and staff for supporting and
providing access to the sunphotometer raw data, and RickWagener for
establishing and maintaining AERONET sun/sky radiometers at the ARM
sites in Oklahoma and Barrow, Alaska. This work was performed under NASA
Grant NNX08AF89G.
NR 58
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 6
BP 2777
EP 2794
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 576XA
UT WOS:000276182100015
ER
PT J
AU Lohmann, U
Rotstayn, L
Storelvmo, T
Jones, A
Menon, S
Quaas, J
Ekman, AML
Koch, D
Ruedy, R
AF Lohmann, U.
Rotstayn, L.
Storelvmo, T.
Jones, A.
Menon, S.
Quaas, J.
Ekman, A. M. L.
Koch, D.
Ruedy, R.
TI Total aerosol effect: radiative forcing or radiative flux perturbation?
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE AEROSOLS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION
MODELS; CLIMATE SYSTEM PROPERTIES; MODIS SATELLITE DATA; GLOBAL CLIMATE;
SPECTRAL DISPERSION; SULFUR CYCLE; BLACK CARBON; SENSITIVITY
AB Uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcings, especially those associated with clouds, contribute to a large extent to uncertainties in the total anthropogenic forcing. The interaction of aerosols with clouds and radiation introduces feedbacks which can affect the rate of precipitation formation. In former assessments of aerosol radiative forcings, these effects have not been quantified. Also, with global aerosol-climate models simulating interactively aerosols and cloud microphysical properties, a quantification of the aerosol forcings in the traditional way is difficult to define properly. Here we argue that fast feedbacks should be included because they act quickly compared with the time scale of global warming. We show that for different forcing agents (aerosols and greenhouse gases) the radiative forcings as traditionally defined agree rather well with estimates from a method, here referred to as radiative flux perturbations (RFP), that takes these fast feedbacks and interactions into account. Based on our results, we recommend RFP as a valid option to compare different forcing agents, and to compare the effects of particular forcing agents in different models.
C1 [Lohmann, U.; Storelvmo, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Rotstayn, L.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Jones, A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Quaas, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Ekman, A. M. L.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Koch, D.; Ruedy, R.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Lohmann, U (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
EM ulrike.lohmann@env.ethz.ch
RI Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann,
Ulrike/B-6153-2009
OI Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X;
Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785
NR 92
TC 94
Z9 95
U1 3
U2 38
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 3235
EP 3246
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 583HD
UT WOS:000276663600006
ER
PT J
AU Shindell, D
Faluvegi, G
AF Shindell, D.
Faluvegi, G.
TI The net climate impact of coal-fired power plant emissions
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENHOUSE GASES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE;
SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CARBON EMISSIONS; GISS MODELE; AEROSOLS;
SIMULATIONS; PREINDUSTRIAL; 20TH-CENTURY
AB Coal-fired power plants influence climate via both the emission of long-lived carbon dioxide (CO2) and short-lived ozone and aerosol precursors. Using a climate model, we perform the first study of the spatial and temporal pattern of radiative forcing specifically for coal plant emissions. Without substantial pollution controls, we find that near-term net global mean climate forcing is negative due to the well-known aerosol masking of the effects of CO2. Imposition of pollution controls on sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides leads to a rapid realization of the full positive forcing from CO2, however. Long-term global mean forcing from stable (constant) emissions is positive regardless of pollution controls. Emissions from coal-fired power plants until similar to 1970, including roughly 1/3 of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions, likely contributed little net global mean climate forcing during that period though they may have induce weak Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude (NHml) cooling. After that time many areas imposed pollution controls or switched to low-sulfur coal. Hence forcing due to emissions from 1970 to 2000 and CO2 emitted previously was strongly positive and contributed to rapid global and especially NHml warming. Most recently, new construction in China and India has increased rapidly with minimal application of pollution controls. Continuation of this trend would add negative near-term global mean climate forcing but severely degrade air quality. Conversely, following the Western and Japanese pattern of imposing air quality pollution controls at a later time could accelerate future warming rates, especially at NHmls. More broadly, our results indicate that due to spatial and temporal inhomogenaities in forcing, climate impacts of multi-pollutant emissions can vary strongly from region to region and can include substantial effects on maximum rate-of-change, neither of which are captured by commonly used global metrics. The method we introduce here to estimate regional temperature responses may provide additional insight.
C1 [Shindell, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
RP Shindell, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM dshindell@giss.nasa.gov
RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012
NR 64
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 5
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 3247
EP 3260
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 583HD
UT WOS:000276663600007
ER
PT J
AU Nam, J
Wang, Y
Luo, C
Chu, DA
AF Nam, J.
Wang, Y.
Luo, C.
Chu, D. A.
TI Trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust and CO: accumulation of biomass
burning CO in the subtropics and dipole structure of transport
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; MINERAL DUST; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT;
UNITED-STATES; INTEX-B; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT;
OZONE POLLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA
AB In May 2003, both MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements from MOPITT show significant trans-Pacific transport to North America. We apply the global chemical transport model, GEOSChem, to analyze the main features of the long-range transport events. Enhancements of MOPITT CO over the tropical Pacific are much broader than MODIS AOD enhancements. We find in model simulations that a major fraction of the CO enhancements in the subtropics in May is due to biomass burning in Southeast Asia in April. Biomass burning CO was recirculated into the subtropical high-pressure system and lingered for a much longer period than aerosols transported at higher latitudes. Simulated AOD enhancements are due to a combination of dust, sulfate, and organic and elemental carbons. Dust contribution dominates the AOD enhancements in early May. Model results indicate that dust transport takes place at higher altitude than the other aerosols. MODIS observations indicate a bias in model simulated pathway of dust transport in one out of the three cases analyzed. Sensitivities of dust transport pathways are analyzed in the model. The dipole structure of transport, consisting of the Aleutian Low to the north and the Pacific High to the south, over the Pacific is found to be a key factor. The placement of the dipole structure relative to model parameters such as up-stream wind field and source location may lead to the high sensitivity of simulated transport pathways.
C1 [Nam, J.; Wang, Y.; Luo, C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Chu, D. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Nam, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM junsang.nam@eas.gatech.edu
RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014
FU NASA; National Science Foundation
FX The authors thank the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science
Data Center for providing the MOIPITT data. We thank Jennifer Logan for
the suggestion of using NOAA ESRL CO measurements in this work. The
GEOS-CHEM model is managed at Harvard University with support from the
NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. We used in
this work the NASA's Giovanni, an online data visualization and analysis
tool maintained by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information
Services Center (DISC), a part of the NASA Earth-Sun System Division.
This work was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and
Analysis Program and the National Science Foundation Atmospheric
Chemistry Program.
NR 52
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 3297
EP 3308
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 583HD
UT WOS:000276663600010
ER
PT J
AU Aghedo, AM
Rast, S
Schultz, MG
AF Aghedo, A. M.
Rast, S.
Schultz, M. G.
TI Sensitivity of tracer transport to model resolution, prescribed
meteorology and tracer lifetime in the general circulation model ECHAM5
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; INTEGRATION SCHEME;
AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERE; SF6; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; RN-222; GCM
AB Atmospheric transport of traces gases and aerosols plays an important role in the distribution of air pollutants and radiatively active compounds. For model simulations of chemistry-climate interactions it is important to know how the transport of tracers depends on the geographical resolution of the general circulation model. However, this aspect has been scarcely investigated until now. Here, we analyse tracer transport in the ECHAM5 general circulation model using 6 independent idealized tracers with constant lifetimes, which are released in two different altitudes at the surface and in the stratosphere, respectively. Model resolutions from T21L19 to T106L31 were tested by performing multi-annual simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures and sea ice fields of the 1990s. The impacts of the tracer lifetime were investigated by varying the globally uniform exponential decay time between 0.5 and 50 months. We also tested the influence of using prescribed meteorological fields (ERA40) instead of climatological sea surface temperature and sea ice fields. Meridional transport of surface tracers decreases in the coarse resolution model due to enhanced vertical mixing, with the exception of the advection into the tropical region, which shows an inconsistent trend between the resolutions. Whereas, the meridional transport of tracers released in the stratosphere was enhanced with higher model resolutions, except in the transport from tropical stratosphere to the Southern Hemisphere, which exhibits an increase trend with increasing model resolution. The idealized tracers exhibit a seasonal cycle, which is modulated by the tracer lifetime. In comparison to the run with prescribed sea surface temperature and sea ice fields, the simulation with prescribed meteorological fields did not exhibit significant change in the meridional transport, except in the exchange of stratospheric tracers between both hemispheres, where it causes about 100% increase. The import of the surface tracers into the stratosphere is increased by up to a factor of 2.5, and the export from the stratosphere into the troposphere was increased by up to 60% when prescribed meteorological fields is used. The ERA40 simulation also showed larger interannual variability (up to 24% compared to 12% in the standard simulations). Using our surface tracers released in either the northern or Southern Hemisphere, respectively, we calculate inter-hemispheric transport times between 11 and 17 months, consistent with values reported in the literature. While this study cannot be used to relate differences in model results to specific changes in transport processes, it nevertheless provides some insight into the characteristics of tracer transport in the widely used ECHAM5 general circulation model.
C1 [Aghedo, A. M.; Rast, S.; Schultz, M. G.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Aghedo, AM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM adetutu.m.aghedo@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012
OI Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X
FU ZEIT foundation through the International Max Planck Research School on
Earth System Modelling (IMPRS-ESM); EU [EVK2-CT-2002-00170]
FX This work was carried out during the doctoral work of AMA, sponsored by
the ZEIT foundation through the International Max Planck Research School
on Earth System Modelling (IMPRS-ESM). SR and MGS acknowledge funding
from the EU project RETRO (EVK2-CT-2002-00170). We are grateful to the
ECMWF for providing the reanalysis data, and to Erich Roeckner, Marco
Giorgetta, and Kevin W Bowman for their useful comments, and also to
Luis Kornblueh for the technical assistance. The model runs were
performed on the Sun Computing system (YANG) at the Max Planck Institute
for Meteorology, Hamburg and the NEC SX-6 computer at the German Climate
Computing Centre ("Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum"). We thank the editor,
Peter Haynes, and appreciate the comments of Kenneth Bowman, and three
other anonymous referees, which have significantly improve the
manuscript.
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 3385
EP 3396
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 583HD
UT WOS:000276663600017
ER
PT J
AU Millet, DB
Guenther, A
Siegel, DA
Nelson, NB
Singh, HB
de Gouw, JA
Warneke, C
Williams, J
Eerdekens, G
Sinha, V
Karl, T
Flocke, F
Apel, E
Riemer, DD
Palmer, PI
Barkley, M
AF Millet, D. B.
Guenther, A.
Siegel, D. A.
Nelson, N. B.
Singh, H. B.
de Gouw, J. A.
Warneke, C.
Williams, J.
Eerdekens, G.
Sinha, V.
Karl, T.
Flocke, F.
Apel, E.
Riemer, D. D.
Palmer, P. I.
Barkley, M.
TI Global atmospheric budget of acetaldehyde: 3-D model analysis and
constraints from in-situ and satellite observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS;
BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; OXYGENATED VOC EMISSIONS; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE;
CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TROPICAL PACIFIC;
PEROXY-RADICALS
AB We construct a global atmospheric budget for acetaldehyde using a 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem), and use an ensemble of observations to evaluate present understanding of its sources and sinks. Hydrocarbon oxidation provides the largest acetaldehyde source in the model (128 Tg a(-1), a factor of 4 greater than the previous estimate), with alkanes, alkenes, and ethanol the main precursors. There is also a minor source from isoprene oxidation. We use an updated chemical mechanism for GEOSChem, and photochemical acetaldehyde yields are consistent with the Master Chemical Mechanism. We present a new approach to quantifying the acetaldehyde air-sea flux based on the global distribution of light absorption due to colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) derived from satellite ocean color observations. The resulting net ocean emission is 57 Tg a(-1), the second largest global source of acetaldehyde. A key uncertainty is the acetaldehyde turnover time in the ocean mixed layer, with quantitative model evaluation over the ocean complicated by known measurement artifacts in clean air. Simulated concentrations in surface air over the ocean generally agree well with aircraft measurements, though the model tends to overestimate the vertical gradient. PAN: NOx ratios are well-simulated in the marine boundary layer, providing some support for the modeled ocean source. We introduce the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) for acetaldehyde and ethanol and use it to quantify their net flux from living terrestrial plants. Including emissions from decaying plants the total direct acetaldehyde source from the land biosphere is 23 Tg a(-1). Other terrestrial acetaldehyde sources include biomass burning (3 Tg a(-1)) and anthropogenic emissions (2 Tg a(-1)). Simulated concentrations in the continental boundary layer are generally unbiased and capture the spatial gradients seen in observations over North America, Europe, and tropical South America. However, the model underestimates acetaldehyde levels in urban outflow, suggesting a missing source in polluted air. Ubiquitous high measured concentrations in the free troposphere are not captured by the model, and based on present understanding are not consistent with concurrent measurements of PAN and NOx: we find no compelling evidence for a widespread missing acetaldehyde source in the free troposphere. We estimate the current US source of ethanol and acetaldehyde (primary + secondary) at 1.3 Tg a(-1) and 7.8 Tg a(-1), approximately 60% and 480% of the corresponding increases expected for a national transition from gasoline to ethanol fuel.
C1 [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Flocke, F.; Apel, E.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA.
[Siegel, D. A.; Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Williams, J.; Eerdekens, G.; Sinha, V.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Palmer, P. I.; Barkley, M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Millet, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM dbm@umn.edu
RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Palmer,
Paul/F-7008-2010; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Sinha, Vinayak/C-2309-2009;
Siegel, David/C-5587-2008; Nelson, Norman/B-7343-2014; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Sinha, Vinayak/0000-0002-5508-0779;
Nelson, Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
FU NERC [NE/D001471]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the science teams for the GABRIEL, INTEX-A,
INTEX-B, ITCT-2K2, ITCT-2K4, MILAGRO, PEM-TB, TEXAQS-II, and TROFFEE
aircraft experiments. Particular thanks go to B. Brune, X. Ren, J. Mao,
T. Ryerson, G. Huey, A. Weinheimer, and R. Cohen for the use of their
airborne NO and NO2 measurements. MPB and PIP acknowledge
funding from NERC (grant NE/D001471).
NR 125
TC 93
Z9 94
U1 7
U2 66
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 3405
EP 3425
DI 10.5194/acp-10-3405-2010
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 583HD
UT WOS:000276663600019
ER
PT J
AU Torres, O
Chen, Z
Jethva, H
Ahn, C
Freitas, SR
Bhartia, PK
AF Torres, O.
Chen, Z.
Jethva, H.
Ahn, C.
Freitas, S. R.
Bhartia, P. K.
TI OMI and MODIS observations of the anomalous 2008-2009 Southern
Hemisphere biomass burning seasons
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMAZON; DEFORESTATION; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS; SMOKE
AB Significant inter-annual variability of biomass burning was observed in South America over the 2007-2009 period. The 2007 number of fires detected from space in South America, as well as the magnitude of the atmospheric aerosol load resulting from fire activity, was the largest over the last ten years. The huge 2007 increase in fire activity was followed by large reductions in the 2008 and 2009 burning seasons. Large drops of the atmospheric load of carbonaceous aerosols over the subcontinent, relative to previous years, was registered in 2008 and 2009 by the OMI sensor onboard the Aura platform, and the MODIS sensors on the Terra and Aqua satellites. The 2009 fire season in South America was the least active of the last ten years. Satellite observations of fire statistics, precipitation, and aerosol optical depth data were used to analyze the fire season over South America and Central Africa during the last ten years to understand the factors that led to the 2007 and 2009 extremes. An analysis of precipitation anomaly data shows that the largest 6-month (May-October) precipitation deficit of the last ten years in South America occurred during 2007. The same analysis indicates that in 2009, this region experienced the largest excess precipitation of the decade. Since precipitation is the most important meteorological factor controlling biomass burning activity, it can be concluded that the 2007 maximum and 2009 minimum in fire activity and aerosol load were driven by the observed levels of precipitation. Analysis of the precipitation record, however, does not explain the extremely low 2008 biomass burning activity. Although the 2008 precipitation deficit was similar in magnitude to the one that in 2005 contributed to the second most intense biomass burning season in the last ten years, the 2008 fire season was surprisingly weak. The combined analysis of satellite data on atmospheric aerosol load, fire counts and precipitation strongly suggests that the observed 2008 decline in aerosol load and fire activity in South America was heavily influenced by conditions other than meteorological factors.
C1 [Torres, O.; Chen, Z.; Jethva, H.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
[Ahn, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Freitas, S. R.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
[Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Torres, O (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
EM omar.torres@hamptonu.edu
RI Jethva, Hiren/H-2258-2012; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Torres,
Omar/G-4929-2013; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016
OI Jethva, Hiren/0000-0002-5408-9886; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X;
Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137
NR 24
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3505
EP 3513
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 589WR
UT WOS:000277185400004
ER
PT J
AU Ziemke, JR
Chandra, S
Oman, LD
Bhartia, PK
AF Ziemke, J. R.
Chandra, S.
Oman, L. D.
Bhartia, P. K.
TI A new ENSO index derived from satellite measurements of column ozone
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; 1997-1998 EL-NINO; OSCILLATION; DYNAMICS;
WAVES; TOMS
AB Column Ozone measured in tropical latitudes from Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS), Earth Probe TOMS, solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV), and Aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) are used to derive an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index. This index, which covers a time period from 1979 to the present, is defined as the 'Ozone ENSO Index' (OEI) and is the first developed from atmospheric trace gas measurements. The OEI is constructed by first averaging monthly mean column ozone over two broad regions in the western and eastern Pacific and then taking their difference. This differencing yields a self-calibrating ENSO index which is independent of individual instrument calibration offsets and drifts in measurements over the long record. The combined Aura OMI and MLS ozone data confirm that zonal variability in total column ozone in the tropics caused by ENSO events lies almost entirely in the troposphere. As a result, the OEI can be derived directly from total column ozone instead of tropospheric column ozone. For clear-sky ozone measurements a +1 K change in Nino 3.4 index corresponds to +2.9 Dobson Unit (DU) change in the OEI, while a +1 hPa change in SOI coincides with a -1.7 DU change in the OEI. For ozone measurements under all cloud conditions these numbers are +2.4 DU and -1.4 DU, respectively. As an ENSO index based upon ozone, it is potentially useful in evaluating climate models predicting long term changes in ozone and other trace gases.
C1 [Ziemke, J. R.; Chandra, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Ziemke, J. R.; Chandra, S.; Oman, L. D.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Ziemke, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM j.r.ziemke@nasa.gov
RI Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016
OI Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137
FU Goddard Earth Science Technology (GEST) [NGC5-494]
FX The authors thank the Aura OMI and MLS instrument and algorithm teams
for producing the satellite measurements used in this study. We
especially thank Stacey Hollandsworth Frith and Richard Stolarski for
development of the extensive "merged" total ozone data set from combined
TOMS and SBUV measurements. We also especially thank Nathaniel Livesey
and Lucien Froidevaux from the MLS team for their helpful guidance
regarding the MLS data. Funding for this research was provided in part
by Goddard Earth Science Technology (GEST) grant NGC5-494.
NR 28
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3711
EP 3721
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 589WR
UT WOS:000277185400017
ER
PT J
AU Fairlie, TD
Jacob, DJ
Dibb, JE
Alexander, B
Avery, MA
van Donkelaar, A
Zhang, L
AF Fairlie, T. D.
Jacob, D. J.
Dibb, J. E.
Alexander, B.
Avery, M. A.
van Donkelaar, A.
Zhang, L.
TI Impact of mineral dust on nitrate, sulfate, and ozone in transpacific
Asian pollution plumes
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; NITRIC-ACID;
SULFUR-DIOXIDE; INTEX-B; HETEROGENEOUS REACTION; CALCIUM-CARBONATE;
UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC
AB We use a 3-D global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret aircraft observations of nitrate and sulfate partitioning in transpacific dust plumes during the INTEX-B campaign of April-May 2006. The model includes explicit transport of size-resolved mineral dust and its alkalinity, nitrate, and sulfate content. The observations show that particulate nitrate is primarily associated with dust, sulfate is primarily associated with ammonium, and Asian dust remains alkaline across the Pacific. This can be reproduced in the model by using a reactive uptake coefficient for HNO3 on dust (gamma(HNO3) similar to 10(-3)) much lower than commonly assumed in models and possibly reflecting limitation of uptake by dust dissolution. The model overestimates gas-phase HNO3 by a factor of 2-3, typical of previous model studies; we show that this cannot be corrected by uptake on dust. We find that the fraction of aerosol nitrate on dust in the model increases from similar to 30% in fresh Asian outflow to 80-90% over the Northeast Pacific, reflecting in part the volatilization of ammonium nitrate and the resulting transfer of nitrate to the dust. Consumption of dust alkalinity by uptake of acid gases in the model is slow relative to the lifetime of dust against deposition, so that dust does not acidify (at least not in the bulk). This limits the potential for dust iron released by acidification to become bio-available upon dust deposition. Observations in INTEX-B show no detectable ozone depletion in Asian dust plumes, consistent with the model. Uptake of HNO3 by dust, suppressing its recycling to NOx, reduces Asian pollution influence on US surface ozone in the model by 10-15% or up to 1 ppb.
C1 [Fairlie, T. D.; Avery, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Fairlie, T. D.; Jacob, D. J.; Zhang, L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Alexander, B.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[van Donkelaar, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
RP Fairlie, TD (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM t.d.fairlie@nasa.gov
RI Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008; Alexander, Becky/N-7048-2013; Zhang,
Lin/H-9801-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431; Alexander, Becky/0000-0001-9915-4621;
FU NASA; NASA Langley Research Center Science Directorate; Advanced Study
Program
FX This work was funded by the NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program,
the NASA Langley Research Center Science Directorate, and the Advanced
Study Program. Thanks to the following colleagues for discussions in the
course of this work: M. Ammann, B. Anderson, J. Baltrusaitis, G. Chen,
J. Crawford, J. Crounse, B. Doddridge, V. Grassian, C. Jordan, C.
Kittaka, A. Laskin, H. Liu, C. McNaughton, R. Martin, S. Martin, N.
Meskhidze, J. Olson, R. Park, E. Scheuer, Z. Shi, F. Solmon, C. Song, P.
Wennberg. Thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments.
NR 94
TC 75
Z9 77
U1 8
U2 75
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3999
EP 4012
DI 10.5194/acp-10-3999-2010
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 589WR
UT WOS:000277185400036
ER
PT J
AU Chen, B
Huang, J
Minnis, P
Hu, Y
Yi, Y
Liu, Z
Zhang, D
Wang, X
AF Chen, B.
Huang, J.
Minnis, P.
Hu, Y.
Yi, Y.
Liu, Z.
Zhang, D.
Wang, X.
TI Detection of dust aerosol by combining CALIPSO active lidar and passive
IIR measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID APRIL 1998; MINERAL DUST; STORMS; CLOUD; MODIS; CIRRUS; MODEL; CERES;
PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION
AB The version 2 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) dust layer detection method, which is based only on lidar measurements, misclassified about 43% dust layers (mainly dense dust layers) as cloud layers over the Taklamakan Desert. To address this problem, a new method was developed by combining the CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and passive Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) measurements. This combined lidar and IR measurement (hereafter, CLIM) method uses the IIR tri-spectral IR brightness temperatures to discriminate between ice cloud and dense dust layers, and lidar measurements alone to detect thin dust and water cloud layers. The brightness temperature difference between 10.60 and 12.05 mu m (BTD(11-12)) is typically negative for dense dust and generally positive for ice cloud, but it varies from negative to positive for thin dust layers, which the CALIPSO lidar correctly identifies. Results show that the CLIM method could significantly reduce misclassification rates to as low as similar to 7% for the active dust season of spring 2008 over the Taklamakan Desert. The CLIM method also revealed 18% more dust layers having greatly intensified backscatter between 1.8 and 4 km altitude over the source region compared to the CALIPSO version 2 data. These results allow a more accurate assessment of the effect of dust on climate.
C1 [Chen, B.; Huang, J.; Zhang, D.; Wang, X.] Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
[Minnis, P.; Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Yi, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Liu, Z.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Chen, B (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM chenb03@lzu.cn
RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Minnis,
Patrick/G-1902-2010; wang, xin/H-3936-2015
OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148;
wang, xin/0000-0002-8839-8345
FU National Science Foundation of China [40725015, 40633017]; NASA
FX This research is supported by National Science Foundation of China under
grant (40725015, and 40633017) and by the NASA Science Mission through
the CALIPSO Project and the Radiation Sciences Program. CloudSat data
were obtained through the CloudSat Data Processing Center
(http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu). CALIPSO data have been
obtained from the Atmospheric Sciences Data Center (ASDC) at NASA
Langley Research Center. The MODIS data were obtained from the NASA
Earth Observing System Data and Information System, Distributed Active
Archive Center (DAAC) at the GSFC.
NR 46
TC 42
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U1 6
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 9
BP 4241
EP 4251
DI 10.5194/acp-10-4241-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 595HQ
UT WOS:000277601700010
ER
PT J
AU Lyapustin, A
Gatebe, CK
Kahn, R
Brandt, R
Redemann, J
Russell, P
King, MD
Pedersen, CA
Gerland, S
Poudyal, R
Marshak, A
Wang, Y
Schaaf, C
Hall, D
Kokhanovsky, A
AF Lyapustin, A.
Gatebe, C. K.
Kahn, R.
Brandt, R.
Redemann, J.
Russell, P.
King, M. D.
Pedersen, C. A.
Gerland, S.
Poudyal, R.
Marshak, A.
Wang, Y.
Schaaf, C.
Hall, D.
Kokhanovsky, A.
TI Analysis of snow bidirectional reflectance from ARCTAS Spring-2008
Campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIRBORNE SUN PHOTOMETER; SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; IN-SITU
MEASUREMENTS; GRAIN-SIZE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; NADIR REFLECTANCE; ANTARCTIC SNOW; WATER-VAPOR
AB The spring 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment was one of major intensive field campaigns of the International Polar Year aimed at detailed characterization of atmospheric physical and chemical processes in the Arctic region. A part of this campaign was a unique snow bidirectional reflectance experiment on the NASA P-3B aircraft conducted on 7 and 15 April by the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) jointly with airborne Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) and ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sunphotometers. The CAR data were atmospherically corrected to derive snow bidirectional reflectance at high 1 degrees angular resolution in view zenith and azimuthal angles along with surface albedo. The derived albedo was generally in good agreement with ground albedo measurements collected on 15 April. The CAR snow bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) was used to study the accuracy of analytical Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS), Modified Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete (MRPV) and Asymptotic Analytical Radiative Transfer (AART) BRF models. Except for the glint region (azimuthal angles phi < 40A degrees), the best fit MRPV and RTLS models fit snow BRF to within +/- 0.05. The plane-parallel radiative transfer (PPRT) solution was also analyzed with the models of spheres, spheroids, randomly oriented fractal crystals, and with a synthetic phase function. The latter merged the model of spheroids for the forward scattering angles with the fractal model in the backscattering direction. The PPRT solution with synthetic phase function provided the best fit to measured BRF in the full range of angles. Regardless of the snow grain shape, the PPRT model significantly over-/underestimated snow BRF in the glint/backscattering regions, respectively, which agrees with other studies. To improve agreement with experiment, we introduced a model of macroscopic snow surface roughness by averaging the PPRT solution over the slope distribution function and by adding a simple model of shadows. With macroscopic roughness described by two parameters, the AART model achieved an accuracy of about +/- 0.05 with a possible bias of +/- 0.03 in the spectral range 0.4-2.2 mu m. This high accuracy holds at view zenith angles below 55-60 degrees covering the practically important range for remote sensing applications, and includes both glint and backscattering directions.
C1 [Lyapustin, A.; Gatebe, C. K.; Wang, Y.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Lyapustin, A.; Gatebe, C. K.; Kahn, R.; Poudyal, R.; Marshak, A.; Wang, Y.; Hall, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Brandt, R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Redemann, J.] BAERI, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Russell, P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[King, M. D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pedersen, C. A.; Gerland, S.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Poudyal, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Schaaf, C.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Kokhanovsky, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov
RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Gatebe,
Charles/G-7094-2011; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Lyapustin,
Alexei/H-9924-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Kokhanovsky,
Alexander/C-6234-2016
OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Gatebe, Charles/0000-0001-9261-2239;
Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359;
Kokhanovsky, Alexander/0000-0001-7370-1164
FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program; NASA's Radiation Sciences Program
[NNX08AF89G]; NASA ARCTAS Field Campaign Program; NASA [NNX08AE94A];
NASA Cryosphere Program; ESA; NSF [ARC-06-12636]; Norwegian Research
Council
FX The research of A. Lyapustin and Y. Wang was funded by the NASA
Terrestrial Ecology Program (D. Wickland). Research by C. K. Gatebe and
R. Poudyal was sponsored by NASA's Radiation Sciences Program through
Grant NNX08AF89G. The contribution of R. Kahn to this work is supported
in part by the NASA ARCTAS Field Campaign Program, under J. Crawford,
and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program (H. Maring). J. Redemann and P.
Russell were supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program (H.
Maring). C. Schaaf was funded by the NASA grant NNX08AE94A. A. Marshak
was supported by the NASA Cryosphere Program (T. Wagner) as part of
ICESat-2 Science Definition Team. A. Kokhanovsky was supported by the
ESA Snow Radiance Project. The surface measurements were supported by
funding from NSF Grant ARC-06-12636 and by Norwegian Research Council
through the project Measurements of black carbon aerosols in Arctic
snow- interpretation of effect on snow reflectance. Terje Berntsen and
Borgar Aamaas assisted with the surface measurements at Barrow. We thank
Glen Sheehan of the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium (BASC) for
logistical support. We also thank the site managers of the AERONET and
AEROCan sun photometer stations at Barrow and Eureka, respectively, for
providing data for the snow BRF/albedo experiment. We appreciate the
assistance of many individuals who made ARCTAS a success, particularly
NASA P-3B pilots and supporting crew, and other members of the ARCTAS
Science Team. S. Warren is particularly thanked for reading the
manuscript and providing valuable discussion and suggestions.
NR 53
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Z9 26
U1 2
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 9
BP 4359
EP 4375
DI 10.5194/acp-10-4359-2010
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 595HQ
UT WOS:000277601700018
ER
PT J
AU Menon, S
Koch, D
Beig, G
Sahu, S
Fasullo, J
Orlikowski, D
AF Menon, S.
Koch, D.
Beig, G.
Sahu, S.
Fasullo, J.
Orlikowski, D.
TI Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLIMATE; IMPACTS; INDIA; TRENDS; MODEL; SNOW; SOOT;
ASIA; SEA
AB Recent thinning of glaciers over the Himalayas (sometimes referred to as the third polar region) have raised concern on future water supplies since these glaciers supply water to large river systems that support millions of people inhabiting the surrounding areas. Black carbon (BC) aerosols, released from incomplete combustion, have been increasingly implicated as causing large changes in the hydrology and radiative forcing over Asia and its deposition on snow is thought to increase snow melt. In India BC emissions from biofuel combustion is highly prevalent and compared to other regions, BC aerosol amounts are high. Here, we quantify the impact of BC aerosols on snow cover and precipitation from 1990 to 2010 over the Indian subcontinental region using two different BC emission inventories. New estimates indicate that Indian BC emissions from coal and biofuel are large and transport is expected to expand rapidly in coming years. We show that over the Himalayas, from 1990 to 2000, simulated snow/ice cover decreases by similar to 0.9% due to aerosols. The contribution of the enhanced Indian BC to this decline is similar to 36%, similar to that simulated for 2000 to 2010. Spatial patterns of modeled changes in snow cover and precipitation are similar to observations (from 1990 to 2000), and are mainly obtained with the newer BC estimates.
C1 [Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY USA.
[Beig, G.; Sahu, S.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
[Fasullo, J.] CGD NCAR, Climate Anal Sect, Boulder, CO USA.
[Orlikowski, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Menon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM smenon@lbl.gov
OI Beig, Gufran/0000-0002-5564-7210; FASULLO, JOHN/0000-0003-1216-892X
FU US Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA; DOE
FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and under
Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. S.
M. acknowledges support from the NASA MAP Program and the DOE
Atmospheric Radiation Program and thanks Hugh Morrison (NCAR) and Igor
Sednev (LBNL) for help with the cloud scheme used in the climate model
and Nadine Unger (NASA GISS) for help with determining the statistical
significance of the results.
NR 39
TC 98
Z9 101
U1 7
U2 39
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 10
BP 4559
EP 4571
DI 10.5194/acp-10-4559-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 603CE
UT WOS:000278184700008
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, L
Jacob, DJ
Liu, X
Logan, JA
Chance, K
Eldering, A
Bojkov, BR
AF Zhang, L.
Jacob, D. J.
Liu, X.
Logan, J. A.
Chance, K.
Eldering, A.
Bojkov, B. R.
TI Intercomparison methods for satellite measurements of atmospheric
composition: application to tropospheric ozone from TES and OMI
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; EMISSION SPECTROMETER;
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MODEL DESCRIPTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AIR-QUALITY;
3-D MODELS; A-PRIORI; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB We analyze the theoretical basis of three different methods to validate and intercompare satellite measurements of atmospheric composition, and apply them to tropospheric ozone retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The first method (in situ method) uses in situ vertical profiles for absolute instrument validation; it is limited by the sparseness of in situ data. The second method (CTM method) uses a chemical transport model (CTM) as an intercomparison platform; it provides a globally complete intercomparison with relatively small noise from model error. The third method (averaging kernel smoothing method) involves smoothing the retrieved profile from one instrument with the averaging kernel matrix of the other; it also provides a global intercomparison but dampens the actual difference between instruments and adds noise from the a priori. We apply the three methods to a full year (2006) of TES and OMI data. Comparison with in situ data from ozonesondes shows mean positive biases of 5.3 parts per billion volume (ppbv) (10%) for TES and 2.8 ppbv (5%) for OMI at 500 hPa. We show that the CTM method (using the GEOS-Chem CTM) closely approximates results from the in situ method while providing global coverage. It reveals that differences between TES and OMI are generally less than 10 ppbv (18%), except at northern mid-latitudes in summer and over tropical continents. The CTM method further allows for CTM evaluation using both satellite observations. We thus find that GEOS-Chem underestimates tropospheric ozone in the tropics due to possible underestimates of biomass burning, soil, and lightning emissions. It overestimates ozone in the northern subtropics and southern mid-latitudes, likely because of excessive stratospheric influx of ozone.
C1 [Zhang, L.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jacob, D. J.; Logan, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Liu, X.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Liu, X.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Liu, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Eldering, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bojkov, B. R.] European Space Agcy ESA ESRIN, Sci Applicat & Future Technol Dept, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy.
RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM linzhang@fas.harvard.edu
RI Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008; Zhang, Lin/H-9801-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014;
Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014;
OI Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance,
Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577
FU NASA [NNX07AN65H, NNX08AN98G, NNG06GH99G]; Smithsonian Institution
FX This work was funded by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and
Analysis Program and by NASA Headquarters under the Earth and Space
Science Fellowship Program Grant NNX07AN65H to Lin Zhang, and by the New
Investigator Program in Earth Science (NNX08AN98G) to Xiong Liu. Xiong
Liu and Kelly Chance also acknowledge support from the NASA Atmospheric
Composition Program (NNG06GH99G) and the Smithsonian Institution.
NR 66
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U1 1
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 10
BP 4725
EP 4739
DI 10.5194/acp-10-4725-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 603CE
UT WOS:000278184700020
ER
PT J
AU Remsberg, E
Natarajan, M
Marshall, BT
Gordley, LL
Thompson, RE
Lingenfelser, G
AF Remsberg, E.
Natarajan, M.
Marshall, B. T.
Gordley, L. L.
Thompson, R. E.
Lingenfelser, G.
TI Improvements in the profiles and distributions of nitric acid and
nitrogen dioxide with the LIMS version 6 dataset
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONLOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; INFRARED MONITOR; NIMBUS-7 LIMS;
STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; POLAR WINTER; WATER-VAPOR;
MU-M; OZONE; MODEL
AB The quality of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) nitric acid (HNO(3)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) profiles and distributions of 1978/1979 are described after their processing with an updated, Version 6 (V6) algorithm and subsequent archival in 2002. Estimates of the precision and accuracy of both of those species are developed and provided herein. The character of the V6 HNO(3) profiles is relatively unchanged from that of the earlier LIMS Version 5 (V5) profiles, except in the upper stratosphere where the interfering effects of CO(2) are accounted for better with V6. The accuracy of the retrieved V6 NO(2) is also significantly better in the middle and upper stratosphere, due to improvements in its spectral line parameters and in the reduced biases for the accompanying V6 temperature and water vapor profiles. As a result of these important updates, there is better agreement with theoretical calculations for profiles of the HNO(3)/NO(2) ratio, day-to-night NO(2) ratio, and with estimates of the production of NO(2) in the mesosphere and its descent to the upper stratosphere during polar night. In particular, the findings for middle and upper stratospheric NO(2) should also be more compatible with those obtained from more recent satellite sensors because the effects of the spin-splitting of the NO(2) lines are accounted for now with the LIMS V6 algorithm. The improved precisions and more frequent retrievals of the LIMS profiles along their orbit tracks provide for better continuity and detail in map analyses of these two species on pressure surfaces. It is judged that the chemical effects of the oxides of nitrogen on ozone can be studied quantitatively throughout the stratosphere with the LIMS V6 data.
C1 [Remsberg, E.; Natarajan, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Marshall, B. T.; Gordley, L. L.; Thompson, R. E.] GATS Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Lingenfelser, G.] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23661 USA.
RP Remsberg, E (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov
FU NASA NRA [NNH08ZDA001N]
FX We recognize the extensive efforts of John Gille and Jim Russell III
(Co-PIs) and the members of the original Project and Science Teams for
their development and conduct of the LIMS experiment. Yun-fei Wang
conducted analyses of the LIMS HNO3 radiances for evidence of
any spurious effects from its FOV side lobes. The comments and
suggestions from the two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript have been
helpful and are appreciated. The research leading to the improvement and
generation of the LIMS V6 Level 2 dataset was conducted with the
consistent support of Jack Kaye of NASA Headquarters. The archival of
the LIMS Level 3 product and the analyses in this manuscript were
supported with funds from the NASA NRA NNH08ZDA001N of the MAP Program
administered by David Considine.
NR 61
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 10
BP 4741
EP 4756
DI 10.5194/acp-10-4741-2010
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 603CE
UT WOS:000278184700021
ER
PT J
AU Wyant, MC
Wood, R
Bretherton, CS
Mechoso, CR
Bacmeister, J
Balmaseda, MA
Barrett, B
Codron, F
Earnshaw, P
Fast, J
Hannay, C
Kaiser, JW
Kitagawa, H
Klein, SA
Kohler, M
Manganello, J
Pan, HL
Sun, F
Wang, S
Wang, Y
AF Wyant, M. C.
Wood, R.
Bretherton, C. S.
Mechoso, C. R.
Bacmeister, J.
Balmaseda, M. A.
Barrett, B.
Codron, F.
Earnshaw, P.
Fast, J.
Hannay, C.
Kaiser, J. W.
Kitagawa, H.
Klein, S. A.
Koehler, M.
Manganello, J.
Pan, H. -L.
Sun, F.
Wang, S.
Wang, Y.
TI The PreVOCA experiment: modeling the lower troposphere in the Southeast
Pacific
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LAYER MIXING
SCHEME; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; LIQUID WATER PATH; PART I; CLIMATE MODEL;
MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCES
AB The Preliminary VOCALS Model Assessment (PreVOCA) aims to assess contemporary atmospheric modeling of the subtropical South East Pacific, with a particular focus on the clouds and the marine boundary layer (MBL). Models results from fourteen modeling centers were collected including operational forecast models, regional models, and global climate models for the month of October 2006. Forecast models and global climate models produced daily forecasts, while most regional models were run continuously during the study period, initialized and forced at the boundaries with global model analyses. Results are compared in the region from 40 degrees S to the equator and from 110 degrees W to 70 degrees W, corresponding to the Pacific coast of South America. Mean-monthly model surface winds agree well with QuikSCAT observed winds and models agree fairly well on mean weak large-scale subsidence in the region next to the coast. However they have greatly differing geographic patterns of mean cloud fraction with only a few models agreeing well with MODIS observations. Most models also underestimate the MBL depth by several hundred meters in the eastern part of the study region. The diurnal cycle of liquid water path is underestimated by most models at the 85 degrees W 20 degrees S stratus buoy site compared with satellite, consistent with previous modeling studies. The low cloud fraction is also underestimated during all parts of the diurnal cycle compared to surface-based climatologies. Most models qualitatively capture the MBL deepening around 15 October 2006 at the stratus buoy, associated with colder air at 700 hPa.
C1 [Wyant, M. C.; Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Mechoso, C. R.; Wang, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Bacmeister, J.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimiliat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Balmaseda, M. A.; Kaiser, J. W.; Koehler, M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Dept Res, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Barrett, B.] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile.
[Codron, F.] Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France.
[Earnshaw, P.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Hannay, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Kitagawa, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Coll, Tokyo, Japan.
[Klein, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA.
[Manganello, J.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA.
[Pan, H. -L.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Wang, S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Wang, Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Wyant, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM mwyant@atmos.washington.edu
RI Earnshaw, Paul/F-7148-2010; Earnshaw, Paul/A-3289-2009; Wood,
Robert/A-2989-2008; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Codron,
Francis/F-2719-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016
OI Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123;
Codron, Francis/0000-0001-7038-6189; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; US Department of Energy
by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA
[NX06AB74G]; NSF [ATM0745702]; NOAA [NA070AR4310282]
FX Thanks to D. Painemal and P. Zuidema for providing MODIS retrieved
cloud-top heights. Also thanks to S. Park who provided his gridded EECRA
data. COSMIC data was provided by B. Kuo. Many thanks to L. O'Neill at
NRL who provided diurnal fits and monthly mean of LWP from satellite.
CALIPSO cloud top-height data was provided by D. Wu of the Ocean
University of China. Thanks also to Virendra Ghate for providing diurnal
cloud fraction data. QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing
Systems and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. S.
deSzoeke's archive of ship observations was very helpful to this work.
The ISCCP FD data were obtained from the ISCCP web site
http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov maintained at NASA GISS. S. A. Klein
acknowledges M. Zhao (GFDL) for performing GFDL model integrations, J.
Boyle (LLNL) for preparing analysis data, and the U.S. Department of
Energy's Office of Science Climate Change Prediction and Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement programs for financial support. The contribution
of S. A. Klein to this work is performed under the auspices of the US
Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under
contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We acknowledge the support of NASA award No.
NX06AB74G for C. Hannay. This work was also supported by NSF grant
ATM0745702 and NOAA grant NA070AR4310282.
NR 65
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 10
BP 4757
EP 4774
DI 10.5194/acp-10-4757-2010
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 603CE
UT WOS:000278184700022
ER
PT J
AU Koren, I
Remer, LA
Altaratz, O
Martins, JV
Davidi, A
AF Koren, I.
Remer, L. A.
Altaratz, O.
Martins, J. V.
Davidi, A.
TI Aerosol-induced changes of convective cloud anvils produce strong
climate warming
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; POLLUTION; ALBEDO; AMAZON; SMOKE; MODIS; WATER;
RAIN; AIR
AB The effect of aerosol on clouds poses one of the largest uncertainties in estimating the anthropogenic contribution to climate change. Small human-induced perturbations to cloud characteristics via aerosol pathways can create a change in the top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing of hundreds of Wm(-2). Here we focus on links between aerosol and deep convective clouds of the Atlantic and Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zones, noting that the aerosol environment in each region is entirely different. The tops of these vertically developed clouds consisting of mostly ice can reach high levels of the atmosphere, overshooting the lower stratosphere and reaching altitudes greater than 16 km. We show a link between aerosol, clouds and the free atmosphere wind profile that can change the magnitude and sign of the overall climate radiative forcing.
We find that increased aerosol loading is associated with taller cloud towers and anvils. The taller clouds reach levels of enhanced wind speeds that act to spread and thin the anvil clouds, increasing areal coverage and decreasing cloud optical depth. The radiative effect of this transition is to create a positive radiative forcing (warming) at top-of-atmosphere.
Furthermore we introduce the cloud optical depth (tau), cloud height (Z) forcing space and show that underestimation of radiative forcing is likely to occur in cases of non homogenous clouds. Specifically, the mean radiative forcing of towers and anvils in the same scene can be several times greater than simply calculating the forcing from the mean cloud optical depth in the scene.
Limitations of the method are discussed, alternative sources of aerosol loading are tested and meteorological variance is restricted, but the trend of taller clouds, increased and thinner anvils associated with increased aerosol loading remains robust through all the different tests and perturbations.
C1 [Koren, I.; Altaratz, O.; Davidi, A.] Dept Environm Sci Weizmann Inst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
[Remer, L. A.; Martins, J. V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Koren, I (reprint author), Dept Environm Sci Weizmann Inst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il
RI Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012
OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265
FU Minerva Foundation; Weizmann-Argentina Cooperation program; Yeda-Sela
program; NASA
FX I. K. would like to thank A. Kostinski for helpful comments on the
research. This research was supported in part by the Minerva Foundation,
the Weizmann-Argentina Cooperation program, the Yeda-Sela program and
the NASA's Interdisciplinary Sciences Program under the direction of Hal
Maring. I. K. is incumbent of the Benjamin H. Swig and Jack D. Weiler
career development chair.
NR 31
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 10
BP 5001
EP 5010
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5001-2010
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 603CE
UT WOS:000278184700038
ER
PT J
AU Jacob, DJ
Crawford, JH
Maring, H
Clarke, AD
Dibb, JE
Emmons, LK
Ferrare, RA
Hostetler, CA
Russell, PB
Singh, HB
Thompson, AM
Shaw, GE
McCauley, E
Pederson, JR
Fisher, JA
AF Jacob, D. J.
Crawford, J. H.
Maring, H.
Clarke, A. D.
Dibb, J. E.
Emmons, L. K.
Ferrare, R. A.
Hostetler, C. A.
Russell, P. B.
Singh, H. B.
Thompson, A. M.
Shaw, G. E.
McCauley, E.
Pederson, J. R.
Fisher, J. A.
TI The Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft
and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission: design, execution, and first results
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
AIR-POLLUTION; NORTH-AMERICA; DIODE-LASER; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS;
ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
AB The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June-July 2008). Its goal was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) influx of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest fires, (3) aerosol radiative forcing, and (4) chemical processes. The June-July deployment was preceded by one week of flights over California (ARCTAS-CARB) focused on (1) improving state emission inventories for greenhouse gases and aerosols, (2) providing observations to test and improve models of ozone and aerosol pollution. ARCTAS involved three aircraft: a DC-8 with a detailed chemical payload, a P-3 with an extensive aerosol and radiometric payload, and a B-200 with aerosol remote sensing instrumentation. The aircraft data augmented satellite observations of Arctic atmospheric composition, in particular from the NASA A-Train. The spring phase (ARCTAS-A) revealed pervasive Asian pollution throughout the Arctic as well as significant European pollution below 2 km. Unusually large Siberian fires in April 2008 caused high concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and also affected ozone. Satellite observations of BrO column hotspots were found not to be related to Arctic boundary layer events but instead to tropopause depressions, suggesting the presence of elevated inorganic bromine (5-10 pptv) in the lower stratosphere. Fresh fire plumes from Canada and California sampled during the summer phase (ARCTAS-B) indicated low NOx emission factors from the fires, rapid conversion of NOx to PAN, no significant secondary aerosol production, and no significant ozone enhancements except when mixed with urban pollution.
C1 [Jacob, D. J.; Fisher, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Crawford, J. H.; Ferrare, R. A.; Hostetler, C. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Maring, H.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA.
[Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Emmons, L. K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Russell, P. B.; Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA.
[Shaw, G. E.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[McCauley, E.; Pederson, J. R.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA.
RP Jacob, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM djacob@fas.harvard.edu
RI Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Crawford,
James/L-6632-2013; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Thompson, Anne
/C-3649-2014
OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934;
Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
FU NASA; California Air Resources Board
FX This work was funded by the NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program,
the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the California Air Resources
Board. We thank Kelly Chance, Charles Gatebe, and Ross Salawitch for
useful comments.
NR 177
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U1 6
U2 47
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 11
BP 5191
EP 5212
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5191-2010
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 610PI
UT WOS:000278745300014
ER
PT J
AU Kar, J
Fishman, J
Creilson, JK
Richter, A
Ziemke, J
Chandra, S
AF Kar, J.
Fishman, J.
Creilson, J. K.
Richter, A.
Ziemke, J.
Chandra, S.
TI Are there urban signatures in the tropospheric ozone column products
derived from satellite measurements?
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION; CITY; EMISSIONS; NORTHEASTERN;
CAMPAIGN; EPISODE; PLUMES; SPACE
AB In view of the proposed geostationary satellite missions to monitor air quality from space, it is important to first assess the capability of the current suite of satellite instruments to provide information on the urban scale pollution. We explore the possibility of detecting urban signatures in the tropospheric column ozone data derived from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)/Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite data. We find that distinct isolated plumes of tropospheric ozone near several large and polluted cities around the world may be detected in these data sets. The ozone plumes generally correspond with the tropospheric column NO2 plumes around these cities as observed by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIA-MACHY) instrument. Similar plumes are also seen in tropospheric mean ozone mixing ratio distribution after accounting for the surface and tropopause pressure variations. The total column ozone retrievals indicate fairly significant sensitivity to the lower troposphere over the polluted land areas, which might help explain these detections. These results indicate that ultraviolet (UV) measurements may, in principle, be able to capture the urban signatures and may have implications for future missions using geostationary satellites.
C1 [Kar, J.; Creilson, J. K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Fishman, J.; Creilson, J. K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Ziemke, J.; Chandra, S.] Univ Maryland, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Kar, J (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
EM jayanta.kar@nasa.gov
RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008
OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X
NR 37
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U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 11
BP 5213
EP 5222
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5213-2010
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 610PI
UT WOS:000278745300015
ER
PT J
AU Chen, B
Huang, J
Minnis, P
Hu, Y
Yi, Y
Liu, Z
Zhang, D
Wang, X
AF Chen, B.
Huang, J.
Minnis, P.
Hu, Y.
Yi, Y.
Liu, Z.
Zhang, D.
Wang, X.
TI Detection of dust aerosol by combining CALIPSO active lidar and passive
IIR measurements (vol 10, pg 4241, 2010)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Chen, B.; Huang, J.; Zhang, D.; Wang, X.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
[Minnis, P.; Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Yi, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Liu, Z.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Chen, B (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM chenb03@lzu.cn
RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; zhang, zhijuan/H-9917-2016
OI zhang, zhijuan/0000-0002-5328-7506
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 12
BP 5359
EP 5359
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5359-2010
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618YC
UT WOS:000279391100005
ER
PT J
AU Naik, V
Fiore, AM
Horowitz, LW
Singh, HB
Wiedinmyer, C
Guenther, A
de Gouw, JA
Millet, DB
Goldan, PD
Kuster, WC
Goldstein, A
AF Naik, V.
Fiore, A. M.
Horowitz, L. W.
Singh, H. B.
Wiedinmyer, C.
Guenther, A.
de Gouw, J. A.
Millet, D. B.
Goldan, P. D.
Kuster, W. C.
Goldstein, A.
TI Observational constraints on the global atmospheric budget of ethanol
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEROXY-RADICALS;
EMISSIONS; ACETALDEHYDE; METHANOL; MODEL; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY;
TRANSPORT
AB Energy security and climate change concerns have led to the promotion of biomass-derived ethanol, an oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC), as a substitute for fossil fuels. Although ethanol is ubiquitous in the troposphere, our knowledge of its current atmospheric budget and distribution is limited. Here, for the first time we use a global chemical transport model in conjunction with atmospheric observations to place constraints on the ethanol budget, noting that additional measurements of ethanol (and its precursors) are still needed to enhance confidence in our estimated budget. Global sources of ethanol in the model include 5.0 Tg yr(-1) from industrial sources and biofuels, 9.2 Tg yr(-1) from terrestrial plants, similar to 0.5 Tg yr(-1) from biomass burning, and 0.05 Tg yr(-1) from atmospheric reactions of the ethyl peroxy radical (C2H5O2) with itself and with the methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2). The resulting atmospheric lifetime of ethanol in the model is 2.8 days. Gas-phase oxidation by the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary global sink of ethanol in the model (65%), followed by dry deposition (25%), and wet deposition (10%). Over continental areas, ethanol concentrations predominantly reflect direct anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources. Uncertainty in the biogenic ethanol emissions, estimated at a factor of three, may contribute to the 50% model underestimate of observations in the North American boundary layer. Current levels of ethanol measured in remote regions are an order of magnitude larger than those in the model, suggesting a major gap in understanding. Stronger constraints on the budget and distribution of ethanol and OVOCs are a critical step towards assessing the impacts of increasing the use of ethanol as a fuel.
C1 [Naik, V.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Naik, V.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA AMES, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Wiedinmyer, C.; Guenther, A.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[de Gouw, J. A.; Goldan, P. D.; Kuster, W. C.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[de Gouw, J. A.; Goldan, P. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Goldstein, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Naik, V (reprint author), NOAA, High Performance Technol Inc, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
EM vaishali.naik@noaa.gov
RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Kuster,
William/E-7421-2010; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik,
Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster,
William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik,
Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; de
Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
FU Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University; Atmospheric
and Oceanic Sciences at Princeton; NOAA/GFDL
FX We thank Michael Oppenheimer for helpful discussions and Erin Czech for
providing INTEX-B data. We are grateful to Hiram Levy and Song-Miao Fan
for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. V. Naik was
supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) of the Princeton
Environmental Institute at Princeton University
(http://cmi.princeton.edu) which is sponsored by BP and Ford, and the
visiting scientist program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at
Princeton and NOAA/GFDL.
NR 43
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U1 1
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 12
BP 5361
EP 5370
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5361-2010
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618YC
UT WOS:000279391100006
ER
PT J
AU Kulawik, SS
Jones, DBA
Nassar, R
Irion, FW
Worden, JR
Bowman, KW
Machida, T
Matsueda, H
Sawa, Y
Biraud, SC
Fischer, ML
Jacobson, AR
AF Kulawik, S. S.
Jones, D. B. A.
Nassar, R.
Irion, F. W.
Worden, J. R.
Bowman, K. W.
Machida, T.
Matsueda, H.
Sawa, Y.
Biraud, S. C.
Fischer, M. L.
Jacobson, A. R.
TI Characterization of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) CO2 for
carbon cycle science
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SATELLITE DATA; ABSOLUTE INTENSITIES; SOURCE
INVERSIONS; WESTERN PACIFIC; LASER BANDS; SPACE; SINKS; DIOXIDE;
(CO2)-C-12-O-16
AB We present carbon dioxide (CO2) estimates from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the EOS-Aura satellite launched in 2004. For observations between 40 degrees S and 45 degrees N, we find about 1 degree of freedom with peak sensitivity at 511 hPa. The estimated error is similar to 10 ppm for a single target and 1.3-2.3 ppm for monthly averages on spatial scales of 20 degrees x30 degrees. Monthly spatially-averaged TES data from 2005-2008 processed with a uniform initial guess and prior are compared to CONTRAIL aircraft data over the Pacific ocean, aircraft data at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) ARM site in the southern US, and the Mauna Loa and Samoa surface stations. Comparisons to Mauna Loa data show a correlation of 0.92, a standard deviation of 1.3 ppm, a predicted error of 1.2 ppm, and a similar to 2% low bias, which is subsequently corrected. Comparisons to SGP aircraft data over land show a correlation of 0.67 and a standard deviation of 2.3 ppm. TES data between 40 degrees S and 45 degrees N for 2006-2007 are compared to surface flask data, GLOBALVIEW, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and CarbonTracker. Comparison to GLOBALVIEW-CO2 ocean surface sites shows a correlation of 0.60 which drops when TES is offset in latitude, longitude, or time. At these same locations, TES shows a 0.62 and 0.67 correlation to Carbon-Tracker at the surface and 5 km, respectively. We also conducted an observing system simulation experiment to assess the potential utility of the TES data for inverse modeling of CO2 fluxes. We find that if biases in the data and model are well characterized, the averaged data have the potential to provide sufficient information to significantly reduce uncertainty on annual estimates of regional CO2 sources and sinks. Averaged pseudo-data at 10 degrees x10 degrees reduced uncertainty in flux estimates by as much as 70% for some tropical regions.
C1 [Kulawik, S. S.; Irion, F. W.; Worden, J. R.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Jones, D. B. A.; Nassar, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Nassar, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Machida, T.; Sawa, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Matsueda, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
[Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Fischer, M. L.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Kulawik, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM susan.kulawik@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014;
OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725;
Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division;
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
FX SGP data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)
Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and
Environmental Sciences Division. Contact: Margaret Torn, Lead
Scientist.; Work at the University of Toronto was funded through grants
from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC).;
Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, was performed under a contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration and funded through the NASA Roses 2007
Atmospheric Composition: Aura Science Team proposal, "Estimation of
CO2 Profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer
(TES) and Application to Carbon Dioxide Source and Sink Estimates".
NR 73
TC 49
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 12
BP 5601
EP 5623
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5601-2010
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618YC
UT WOS:000279391100021
ER
PT J
AU Jonson, JE
Stohl, A
Fiore, AM
Hess, P
Szopa, S
Wild, O
Zeng, G
Dentener, FJ
Lupu, A
Schultz, MG
Duncan, BN
Sudo, K
Wind, P
Schulz, M
Marmer, E
Cuvelier, C
Keating, T
Zuber, A
Valdebenito, A
Dorokhov, V
De Backer, H
Davies, J
Chen, GH
Johnson, B
Tarasick, DW
Stubi, R
Newchurch, MJ
von der Gathen, P
Steinbrecht, W
Claude, H
AF Jonson, J. E.
Stohl, A.
Fiore, A. M.
Hess, P.
Szopa, S.
Wild, O.
Zeng, G.
Dentener, F. J.
Lupu, A.
Schultz, M. G.
Duncan, B. N.
Sudo, K.
Wind, P.
Schulz, M.
Marmer, E.
Cuvelier, C.
Keating, T.
Zuber, A.
Valdebenito, A.
Dorokhov, V.
De Backer, H.
Davies, J.
Chen, G. H.
Johnson, B.
Tarasick, D. W.
Stuebi, R.
Newchurch, M. J.
von der Gathen, P.
Steinbrecht, W.
Claude, H.
TI A multi-model analysis of vertical ozone profiles
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; TRANSPORT; EUROPE
AB A multi-model study of the long-range transport of ozone and its precursors from major anthropogenic source regions was coordinated by the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). Vertical profiles of ozone at 12-h intervals from 2001 are available from twelve of the models contributing to this study and are compared here with observed profiles from ozonesondes. The contributions from each major source region are analysed for selected sondes, and this analysis is supplemented by retroplume calculations using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model to provide insight into the origin of ozone transport events and the cause of differences between the models and observations.
In the boundary layer ozone levels are in general strongly affected by regional sources and sinks. With a considerably longer lifetime in the free troposphere, ozone here is to a much larger extent affected by processes on a larger scale such as intercontinental transport and exchange with the stratosphere. Such individual events are difficult to trace over several days or weeks of transport. This may explain why statistical relationships between models and ozonesonde measurements are far less satisfactory than shown in previous studies for surface measurements at all seasons. The lowest bias between model-calculated ozone profiles and the ozonesonde measurements is seen in the winter and autumn months. Following the increase in photochemical activity in the spring and summer months, the spread in model results increases, and the agreement between ozonesonde measurements and the individual models deteriorates further.
At selected sites calculated contributions to ozone levels in the free troposphere from intercontinental transport are shown. Intercontinental transport is identified based on differences in model calculations with unperturbed emissions and emissions reduced by 20% by region. Intercontinental transport of ozone is finally determined based on differences in model ensemble calculations. With emissions perturbed by 20% per region, calculated intercontinental contributions to ozone in the free troposphere range from less than 1 ppb to 3 ppb, with small contributions in winter. The results are corroborated by the retroplume calculations. At several locations the seasonal contributions to ozone in the free troposphere from intercontinental transport differ from what was shown earlier at the surface using the same dataset. The large spread in model results points to a need of further evaluation of the chemical and physical processes in order to improve the credibility of global model results.
C1 [Jonson, J. E.; Wind, P.; Valdebenito, A.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Stohl, A.] NILU, Kjeller, Norway.
[Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Szopa, S.; Schulz, M.] CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England.
[Zeng, G.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
[Dentener, F. J.; Marmer, E.; Cuvelier, C.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy.
[Lupu, A.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
[Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environ Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
[Keating, T.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Environm Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium.
[Dorokhov, V.] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia.
[De Backer, H.] RMIB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Davies, J.; Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Chen, G. H.] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Johnson, B.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Stuebi, R.] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, Payerne, Switzerland.
[Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[von der Gathen, P.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
RP Jonson, JE (reprint author), Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
EM j.e.jonson@met.no
RI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Schultz,
Martin/I-9512-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Schulz,
Michael/A-6930-2011; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Szopa,
Sophie/F-8984-2010; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Stohl,
Andreas/A-7535-2008; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009
OI Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Steinbrecht,
Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Hess,
Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Wild,
Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lupu,
Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; von
der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556
FU Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) under UNECE;
Belgian Federal Government
FX This work was supported by the Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and
Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe
(EMEP) under UNECE. We would like to thank Asmund Fahre Vik, NILU and
Johannes Stahelin, ETH Zurich, for valuable advice on the interpretation
of ozonesonde data. We would also like to thank WOUDC for making the
ozonesonde measurements available. The ozone sounding program in Uccle
is supported by the Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence, a research
collaboration established by the Belgian Federal Government through the
action plan for reinforcement of the federal scientific institutes
(decision council of ministers taken on 22/03/2006).
NR 30
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 12
BP 5759
EP 5783
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5759-2010
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618YC
UT WOS:000279391100030
ER
PT J
AU Mao, J
Jacob, DJ
Evans, MJ
Olson, JR
Ren, X
Brune, WH
St Clair, JM
Crounse, JD
Spencer, KM
Beaver, MR
Wennberg, PO
Cubison, MJ
Jimenez, JL
Fried, A
Weibring, P
Walega, JG
Hall, SR
Weinheimer, AJ
Cohen, RC
Chen, G
Crawford, JH
McNaughton, C
Clarke, AD
Jaegle, L
Fisher, JA
Yantosca, RM
Le Sager, P
Carouge, C
AF Mao, J.
Jacob, D. J.
Evans, M. J.
Olson, J. R.
Ren, X.
Brune, W. H.
St Clair, J. M.
Crounse, J. D.
Spencer, K. M.
Beaver, M. R.
Wennberg, P. O.
Cubison, M. J.
Jimenez, J. L.
Fried, A.
Weibring, P.
Walega, J. G.
Hall, S. R.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Cohen, R. C.
Chen, G.
Crawford, J. H.
McNaughton, C.
Clarke, A. D.
Jaegle, L.
Fisher, J. A.
Yantosca, R. M.
Le Sager, P.
Carouge, C.
TI Chemistry of hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx) in the Arctic troposphere in
spring
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 2; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL-PARTICLES;
UNITED-STATES; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CONVECTIVE
INJECTION; ACCURATE SIMULATION; PEROXY-RADICALS; CHEMICAL-MODELS
AB We use observations from the April 2008 NASA ARCTAS aircraft campaign to the North American Arctic, interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), to better understand the sources and cycling of hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx H+OH+peroxy radicals) and their reservoirs (HOy HOx+peroxides) in the springtime Arctic atmosphere. We find that a standard gas-phase chemical mechanism overestimates the observed HO2 and H2O2 concentrations. Computation of HOx and HOy gasphase chemical budgets on the basis of the aircraft observations also indicates a large missing sink for both. We hy-pothesize that this could reflect HO2 uptake by aerosols, favored by low temperatures and relatively high aerosol loadings, through a mechanism that does not produce H2O2. We implemented such an uptake of HO2 by aerosol in the model using a standard reactive uptake coefficient parameterization with gamma(HO2) values ranging from 0.02 at 275K to 0.5 at 220 K. This successfully reproduces the concentrations and vertical distributions of the different HOx species and HOy reservoirs. HO2 uptake by aerosol is then a major HOx and HOy sink, decreasing mean OH and HO2 concentrations in the Arctic troposphere by 32% and 31% respectively. Better rate and product data for HO2 uptake by aerosol are needed to understand this role of aerosols in limiting the oxidizing power of the Arctic atmosphere.
C1 [Mao, J.; Jacob, D. J.; Yantosca, R. M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jacob, D. J.; Fisher, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Evans, M. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Olson, J. R.; Chen, G.; Crawford, J. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Ren, X.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[St Clair, J. M.; Crounse, J. D.; Spencer, K. M.; Beaver, M. R.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Walega, J. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Hall, S. R.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[McNaughton, C.; Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Jaegle, L.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Mao, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM mao@fas.harvard.edu
RI Evans, Mathew/A-3886-2012; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Cohen,
Ronald/A-8842-2011; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Yantosca,
Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015;
Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Carouge,
Claire/A-4755-2012; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012
OI Evans, Mathew/0000-0003-4775-032X; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691;
Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934;
Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666;
Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385;
FU NASA
FX The authors would like to thank Scot T. Martin, Hongyu Liu, Charles E.
Miller, Richard A. Ferrare, Karl D. Froyd and Daniel M. Murphy for
helpful discussions. We also would like to thank Yuhang Wang for
providing the TOPSE dataset, Huisheng Bian for providing Fast-JX updates
and Dirk Richter for contributing to the HCHO measurement. J. Mao also
thanks David M. Shelow and the NASA DC-8 crew for their generous help
with making HOx measurements on the aircraft. This work was
supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program.
NR 113
TC 99
Z9 99
U1 2
U2 48
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 5823
EP 5838
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5823-2010
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400003
ER
PT J
AU Anton, M
Cachorro, VE
Vilaplana, JM
Toledano, C
Krotkov, NA
Arola, A
Serrano, A
de la Morena, B
AF Anton, M.
Cachorro, V. E.
Vilaplana, J. M.
Toledano, C.
Krotkov, N. A.
Arola, A.
Serrano, A.
de la Morena, B.
TI Comparison of UV irradiances from Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)
with Brewer measurements at El Arenosillo (Spain) - Part 1: Analysis of
parameter influence
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIANCE; TOTAL OZONE;
SATELLITE ESTIMATION; AEROSOLS; AREA; NETWORK; AERONET
AB The main objective of this study is to compare the erythemal UV irradiance (UVER) and spectral UV irradiances (at 305, 310 and 324 nm) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA EOS/Aura polar sun-synchronous satellite (launched in July 2004, local equator crossing time 01: 45 p. m.) with ground-based measurements from the Brewer spectrophotometer #150 located at El Arenosillo (South of Spain). The analyzed period comprises more than four years, from October 2004 to December 2008. The effects of several factors (clouds, aerosols and the solar elevation) on OMI-Brewer comparisons were analyzed. The proxies used for each factor were: OMI Lambertian Equivalent Reflectivity (LER) at 360 nm (clouds), the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm measured from the ground-based Cimel sun-photometer (http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov), and solar zenith angle (SZA) at OMI overpass time. The comparison for all sky conditions reveals positive biases (OMI higher than Brewer) 12.3% for UVER, 14.2% for UV irradiance at 305 nm, 10.6% for 310 nm and 8.7% for 324 nm. The OMI-Brewer root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced when cloudy cases are removed from the analysis, (e. g., RMSE similar to 20% for all sky conditions and RMSE smaller than 10% for cloud-free conditions). However, the biases remain and even become more significant for the cloud-free cases with respect to all sky conditions. The mentioned overestimation is partially due to aerosol extinction influence. In addition, the differences OMI-Brewer typically decrease with SZA except days with high aerosol loading, when the bias is near constant. The seasonal dependence of the OMI-Brewer difference for cloud-free conditions is driven by aerosol climatology.
To account for the aerosol effect, a first evaluation in order to compare with previous TOMS results (Anton et al., 2007) was performed. This comparison shows that the OMI bias is between +14% and +19% for UVER and spectral UV irradiances for moderately-high aerosol load (AOD>0.25). The OMI bias is decreased by a factor of 2 (the typical bias varies from +8% to +12%) under cloud-free and low aerosol load conditions (AOD<0.1). More detailed analysis of absorbing aerosols influence on OMI bias at our station is presented in a companion paper (Cachorro et al., 2010).
C1 [Cachorro, V. E.; Toledano, C.] Univ Valladolid GOA UVA, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain.
[Anton, M.; Serrano, A.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Fis, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain.
[Vilaplana, J. M.; de la Morena, B.] INTA, ESAt El Arenosillo, Huelva, Spain.
[Krotkov, N. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Arola, A.] FMI, Kuopio, Finland.
[Krotkov, N. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Cachorro, VE (reprint author), Univ Valladolid GOA UVA, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain.
EM chiqui@goa.uva.es
RI Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Anton,
Manuel/A-8477-2010; Serrano, Antonio/M-2789-2014;
OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Toledano,
Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Serrano, Antonio/0000-0001-8881-0785; Anton,
Manuel/0000-0002-0816-3758; Cachorro, Victoria/0000-0002-4627-9444;
Arola, Antti/0000-0002-9220-0194
FU MICIN, UVA-INTA-UEX [CGL2008-05939-C03/CLI]; Junta de Castilla y Leon
[GR220]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; Fondo Social Europeo
FX The authors thank the OMI International Science Team for the satellite
data used in this study and also to the teams of aerosol networks
GSFC-NASA and PHOTONS. This work has been partially supported by MICIN
under coordinated project CGL2008-05939-C03/CLI of UVA-INTA-UEX. Also
this work is financed by GR220 project of "Junta de Castilla y Leon".
Manuel Anton thanks Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Fondo Social
Europeo for the award of a postdoctoral grant (Juan de la Cierva).
NR 46
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 5979
EP 5989
DI 10.5194/acp-10-5979-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400014
ER
PT J
AU Claeyman, M
Attie, JL
El Amraoui, L
Cariolle, D
Peuch, VH
Teyssedre, H
Josse, B
Ricaud, P
Massart, S
Piacentini, A
Cammas, JP
Livesey, NJ
Pumphrey, HC
Edwards, DP
AF Claeyman, M.
Attie, J. -L.
El Amraoui, L.
Cariolle, D.
Peuch, V. -H.
Teyssedre, H.
Josse, B.
Ricaud, P.
Massart, S.
Piacentini, A.
Cammas, J. -P.
Livesey, N. J.
Pumphrey, H. C.
Edwards, D. P.
TI A linear CO chemistry parameterization in a chemistry-transport model:
evaluation and application to data assimilation
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE PHOTOCHEMISTRY PARAMETERIZATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL;
BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UPPER
TROPOSPHERE; NITROUS-OXIDE; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; ODIN/SMR
AB This paper presents an evaluation of a new linear parameterization valid for the troposphere and the stratosphere, based on a first order approximation of the carbon monoxide (CO) continuity equation. This linear scheme (hereinafter noted LINCO) has been implemented in the 3-D Chemical Transport Model (CTM) MOCAGE (MOdele de Chimie Atmospherique Grande Echelle). First, a one and a half years of LINCO simulation has been compared to output obtained from a detailed chemical scheme output. The mean differences between both schemes are about +/- 25 ppbv (part per billion by volume) or 15% in the troposphere and +/- 10 ppbv or 100% in the stratosphere. Second, LINCO has been compared to diverse observations from satellite instruments covering the troposphere (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere: MOPITT) and the stratosphere (Microwave Limb Sounder: MLS) and also from aircraft (Measurements of ozone and water vapour by Airbus in-service aircraft: MOZAIC programme) mostly flying in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In the troposphere, the LINCO seasonal variations as well as the vertical and horizontal distributions are quite close to MOPITT CO observations. However, a bias of similar to -40 ppbv is observed at 700 hPa between LINCO and MOPITT. In the stratosphere, MLS and LINCO present similar large-scale patterns, except over the poles where the CO concentration is underestimated by the model. In the UTLS, LINCO presents small biases less than 2% compared to independent MOZAIC profiles. Third, we assimilated MOPITT CO using a variational 3D-FGAT (First Guess at Appropriate Time) method in conjunction with MOCAGE for a long run of one and a half years. The data assimilation greatly improves the vertical CO distribution in the troposphere from 700 to 350 hPa compared to independent MOZAIC profiles. At 146 hPa, the assimilated CO distribution is also improved compared to MLS observations by reducing the bias up to a factor of 2 in the tropics. This study confirms that the linear scheme is able to simulate reasonably well the CO distribution in the troposphere and in the lower stratosphere. Therefore, the low computing cost of the linear scheme opens new perspectives to make free runs and CO data assimilation runs at high resolution and over periods of several years.
C1 [Claeyman, M.; Attie, J. -L.; Ricaud, P.; Cammas, J. -P.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, CNRS, INSU, Toulouse, France.
[Claeyman, M.; Attie, J. -L.; El Amraoui, L.; Peuch, V. -H.; Teyssedre, H.; Josse, B.] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France.
[Claeyman, M.; Attie, J. -L.; El Amraoui, L.; Peuch, V. -H.; Teyssedre, H.; Josse, B.] CNRS, URA 1357, Toulouse, France.
[Massart, S.; Piacentini, A.] CERFACS, CNRS, URA 1875, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Livesey, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edimburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Edwards, D. P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Claeyman, M (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, CNRS, INSU, Toulouse, France.
EM marine.claeyman@aero.obs-mip.fr
RI Peuch, Vincent-Henri/A-7308-2008
FU Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques (CNRS); Astrium-EADS; Centre
National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) of Meteo-France; INSU-CNRS
(France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany); ETHER
(CNES and INSU-CNRS)
FX This work was funded by the Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques
(CNRS), Astrium-EADS and the Centre National de Recherches
Meteorologiques (CNRM) of Meteo-France. The authors acknowledge for the
strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines
(Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge the MOZAIC
equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is presently
funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France and Forschungszentrum (FZJ,
Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC data based is supported by ETHER (CNES and
INSU-CNRS). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. ETHER (ADOMOCA programme) and the Region
Midi-Pyrenees are also acknowledged.
NR 75
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 6097
EP 6115
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6097-2010
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400022
ER
PT J
AU Carlon, NR
Papanastasiou, DK
Fleming, EL
Jackman, CH
Newman, PA
Burkholder, JB
AF Carlon, N. Rontu
Papanastasiou, D. K.
Fleming, E. L.
Jackman, C. H.
Newman, P. A.
Burkholder, J. B.
TI UV absorption cross sections of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) between 210 and 350 K and the atmospheric
implications
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION; STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; WATER-VAPOR; NM;
PHOTOABSORPTION; METHANES; SINK
AB Absorption cross sections of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are reported at five atomic UV lines (184.95, 202.548, 206.200, 213.857, and 228.8 nm) at temperatures in the range 210-350 K. In addition, UV absorption spectra of CCl4 are reported between 200-235 nm as a function of temperature (225-350 K). The results from this work are critically compared with results from earlier studies. For N2O, the present results are in good agreement with the current JPL recommendation enabling a reduction in the estimated uncertainty in the N2O atmospheric photolysis rate. For CCl4, the present cross section results are systematically greater than the current recommendation at the reduced temperatures most relevant to stratospheric photolysis. The new cross sections result in a 5-7% increase in the modeled CCl4 photolysis loss, and a slight decrease in the stratospheric lifetime, from 51 to 50 years, for present day conditions. The corresponding changes in modeled inorganic chlorine and ozone in the stratosphere are quite small. A CCl4 cross section parameterization for use in atmospheric model calculations is presented.
C1 [Carlon, N. Rontu; Papanastasiou, D. K.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Carlon, N. Rontu; Papanastasiou, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fleming, E. L.; Jackman, C. H.; Newman, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fleming, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov
RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Burkholder,
James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Papanastasiou,
Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X;
FU NOAA; NASA
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and in part by
NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. We thank S. Ciciora for
technical assistance, M. Baasandorj for assistance with the FTIR
measurements, J. Gilman for the GC/MS sample analyses and A. R.
Ravishankara for helpful discussions.
NR 45
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 6137
EP 6149
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6137-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400025
ER
PT J
AU Emmons, LK
Apel, EC
Lamarque, JF
Hess, PG
Avery, M
Blake, D
Brune, W
Campos, T
Crawford, J
DeCarlo, PF
Hall, S
Heikes, B
Holloway, J
Jimenez, JL
Knapp, DJ
Kok, G
Mena-Carrasco, M
Olson, J
O'Sullivan, D
Sachse, G
Walega, J
Weibring, P
Weinheimer, A
Wiedinmyer, C
AF Emmons, L. K.
Apel, E. C.
Lamarque, J. -F.
Hess, P. G.
Avery, M.
Blake, D.
Brune, W.
Campos, T.
Crawford, J.
DeCarlo, P. F.
Hall, S.
Heikes, B.
Holloway, J.
Jimenez, J. L.
Knapp, D. J.
Kok, G.
Mena-Carrasco, M.
Olson, J.
O'Sullivan, D.
Sachse, G.
Walega, J.
Weibring, P.
Weinheimer, A.
Wiedinmyer, C.
TI Impact of Mexico City emissions on regional air quality from MOZART-4
simulations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MILAGRO FIELD
CAMPAIGN; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTEX-B; SOURCE
APPORTIONMENT; METROPOLITAN-AREA; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; OZONE PRODUCTION
AB An extensive set of measurements was made in and around Mexico City as part of the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) experiments in March 2006. Simulations with the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), a global chemical transport model, have been used to provide a regional context for these observations and assist in their interpretation. These MOZART-4 simulations reproduce the aircraft observations generally well, but some differences in the modeled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the observations result from incorrect VOC speciation assumed for the emission inventories. The different types of CO sources represented in the model have been "tagged" to quantify the contributions of regions outside Mexico, as well as the various emissions sectors within Mexico, to the regional air quality of Mexico. This analysis indicates open fires have some, but not a dominant, impact on the atmospheric composition in the region around Mexico City when averaged over the month. However, considerable variation in the fire contribution (2-15% of total CO) is seen during the month. The transport and photochemical aging of Mexico City emissions were studied using tags of CO emissions for each day, showing that typically the air downwind of Mexico City was a combination of many ages. Ozone production in MOZART-4 is shown to agree well with the net production rates from box model calculations constrained by the MILAGRO aircraft measurements. Ozone production efficiency derived from the ratio of O-x to NOz is higher in MOZART-4 than in the observations for moderately polluted air. OH reactivity determined from the MOZART-4 results shows the same increase in relative importance of oxygenated VOCs downwind of Mexico City as the reactivity inferred from the observations. The amount of ozone produced by emissions from Mexico City and surrounding areas has been quantified in the model by tracking NO emissions, showing little influence beyond Mexico's borders, and also relatively minor influence from fire emissions on the monthly average tropospheric ozone column.
C1 [Emmons, L. K.; Apel, E. C.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Hess, P. G.; Campos, T.; Hall, S.; Knapp, D. J.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.; Weinheimer, A.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Avery, M.; Crawford, J.; Olson, J.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Brune, W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Heikes, B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Holloway, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Holloway, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kok, G.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Mena-Carrasco, M.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[O'Sullivan, D.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
RP Emmons, LK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM emmons@ucar.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Pfister,
Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Mena-Carrasco,
Marcelo/B-8483-2012; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Hess,
Peter/M-3145-2015; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons,
Louisa/R-8922-2016; Wiedinmyer, Christine/E-2049-2013
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149;
O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Holloway,
John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796;
Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212;
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG06GB27G]; NSF
[ATM-0449815]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310565]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge all of the efforts of the Science
Teams of the MILAGRO experiments in producing the comprehensive data
sets of atmospheric composition in and around Mexico City. The helpful
and thorough comments of two anonymous reviewers are greatly
appreciated. This material is based upon work supported by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. NNG06GB27G
issued by the Tropospheric Chemistry Program. PFD and JLJ were supported
by NSF ATM-0449815 and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. The National Center for
Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
NR 62
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 31
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 6195
EP 6212
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6195-2010
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400029
ER
PT J
AU Lu, Z
Streets, DG
Zhang, Q
Wang, S
Carmichael, GR
Cheng, YF
Wei, C
Chin, M
Diehl, T
Tan, Q
AF Lu, Z.
Streets, D. G.
Zhang, Q.
Wang, S.
Carmichael, G. R.
Cheng, Y. F.
Wei, C.
Chin, M.
Diehl, T.
Tan, Q.
TI Sulfur dioxide emissions in China and sulfur trends in East Asia since
2000
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; MIYAKEJIMA VOLCANO; SO2 EMISSIONS; MT.
TATEYAMA; AIR-QUALITY; ACID-RAIN; JAPAN; TRANSPORT; INVENTORY; AEROSOLS
AB With the rapid development of the economy, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission from China since 2000 is of increasing concern. In this study, we estimate the annual SO2 emission in China after 2000 using a technology-based methodology specifically for China. From 2000 to 2006, total SO2 emission in China increased by 53%, from 21.7 Tg to 33.2 Tg, at an annual growth rate of 7.3%. Emissions from power plants are the main sources of SO2 in China and they increased from 10.6 Tg to 18.6 Tg in the same period. Geographically, emission from north China increased by 85%, whereas that from the south increased by only 28%. The emission growth rate slowed around 2005, and emissions began to decrease after 2006 mainly due to the wide application of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) devices in power plants in response to a new policy of China's government. This paper shows that the trend of estimated SO2 emission in China is consistent with the trends of SO2 concentration and acid rain pH and frequency in China, as well as with the increasing trends of background SO2 and sulfate concentration in East Asia. A longitudinal gradient in the percentage change of urban SO2 concentration in Japan is found during 2000-2007, indicating that the decrease of urban SO2 is lower in areas close to the Asian continent. This implies that the transport of increasing SO2 from the Asian continent partially counteracts the local reduction of SO2 emission downwind. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) products of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are found to be highly correlated with the surface solar radiation (SSR) measurements in East Asia. Using MODIS AOD data as a surrogate of SSR, we found that China and East Asia excluding Japan underwent a continuous dimming after 2000, which is in line with the dramatic increase in SO2 emission in East Asia. The trends of AOD from both satellite retrievals and model over East Asia are also consistent with the trend of SO2 emission in China, especially during the second half of the year, when sulfur contributes the largest fraction of AOD. The arrested growth in SO2 emissions since 2006 is also reflected in the decreasing trends of SO2 and SO42- concentrations, acid rain pH values and frequencies, and AOD over East Asia.
C1 [Lu, Z.; Streets, D. G.; Wang, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Zhang, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Wang, S.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Carmichael, G. R.; Cheng, Y. F.; Wei, C.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Chin, M.; Diehl, T.; Tan, Q.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM zlu@anl.gov
RI Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Zhang,
Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lu, Zifeng/F-3266-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012;
OI Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350
FU NASA's ARCTAS mission [07-ARCTAS07-0023]; NASA; US Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was funded by NASA's ARCTAS mission under proposal No.
07-ARCTAS07-0023. The authors are grateful to Jay Al-Saadi, Jim
Crawford, and Hal Maring of NASA for their support. Argonne National
Laboratory is operated by University of Chicago Argonne, LLC, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the US Department of Energy.
NR 82
TC 239
Z9 261
U1 32
U2 171
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 6311
EP 6331
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6311-2010
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400037
ER
PT J
AU Bergstrom, RW
Schmidt, KS
Coddington, O
Pilewskie, P
Guan, H
Livingston, JM
Redemann, J
Russell, PB
AF Bergstrom, R. W.
Schmidt, K. S.
Coddington, O.
Pilewskie, P.
Guan, H.
Livingston, J. M.
Redemann, J.
Russell, P. B.
TI Aerosol spectral absorption in the Mexico City area: results from
airborne measurements during MILAGRO/INTEX B
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; METROPOLITAN-AREA;
ORGANIC-CARBON; BLACK CARBON
AB This paper presents estimates of the spectral solar absorption due to atmospheric aerosols during the 2006 MILAGRO/INTEX-B (Megacity Initiative-Local And Global Research Observations/Phase B of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment) field campaign. The aerosol absorption was derived from measurements of the spectral solar radiation and the spectral aerosol optical depth made on the J31 aircraft flying over the Gulf of Mexico and over Mexico City. We present the spectral single scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) for two flights over the Gulf of Mexico and three flights over Mexico City for wavelengths from 350 to approximately 1650 nm. The spectral aerosol optical properties of each case are different and illustrate the variability of the aerosol optical properties in the Mexico City area.
The results can be described in terms of three different wavelength regions: The 350-500 nm region where the aerosol absorption often falls off sharply presumably due to organic carbonaceous particles and windblown dust; the 500-1000 nm region where the decrease with wavelength is slower presumably due to black carbon; and the near infrared spectral region (1000 nm to 1650 nm) where it is difficult to obtain reliable results since the aerosol absorption is relatively small and the gas absorption dominates. However, there is an indication of a small and somewhat wavelength independent absorption in the region beyond 1000 nm.
For one of the flights over the Gulf of Mexico near the coastline it appears that a cloud/fog formation and evaporation led to an increase of absorption possibly due to a water shell remaining on the particles after the cloud/fog had dissipated. For two of the Mexico City cases, the single scattering albedo is roughly constant between 350-500 nm consistent with other Mexico City results. In three of the cases a single absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) fits the aerosol absorption optical depth over the entire wavelength range of 350 to 1650 nm relatively well (r(2)>0.86).
C1 [Bergstrom, R. W.; Guan, H.; Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Schmidt, K. S.; Coddington, O.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Livingston, J. M.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Russell, P. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Bergstrom, RW (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
EM bergstrom@baeri.org
RI Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013
OI Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028; SCHMIDT, KONRAD
SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X
FU NASA [NNX08AH60, NNX08AI83G]
FX All of the authors were supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program,
under the direction of Hal Maring. RWB and HG were supported by NASA
Grant NNX08AH60. KSS, OC and PP were supported by NASA Grant NNX08AI83G.
NR 30
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 6333
EP 6343
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6333-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400038
ER
PT J
AU Keim, C
Eremenko, M
Orphal, J
Dufour, G
Flaud, JM
Hopfner, M
Boynard, A
Clerbaux, C
Payan, S
Coheur, PF
Hurtmans, D
Claude, H
De Backer, H
Dier, H
Johnson, B
Kelder, H
Kivi, R
Koide, T
Bartolome, ML
Lambkin, K
Moore, D
Schmidlin, FJ
Stubi, R
AF Keim, C.
Eremenko, M.
Orphal, J.
Dufour, G.
Flaud, J. -M.
Hoepfner, M.
Boynard, A.
Clerbaux, C.
Payan, S.
Coheur, P. -F.
Hurtmans, D.
Claude, H.
De Backer, H.
Dier, H.
Johnson, B.
Kelder, H.
Kivi, R.
Koide, T.
Lopez Bartolome, M.
Lambkin, K.
Moore, D.
Schmidlin, F. J.
Stuebi, R.
TI Tropospheric ozone from IASI: comparison of different inversion
algorithms and validation with ozone sondes in the northern middle
latitudes (vol 9, pg 9329, 2009)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Keim, C.; Eremenko, M.; Orphal, J.; Dufour, G.; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 12, LISA, CNRS, Creteil, France.
[Keim, C.; Eremenko, M.; Orphal, J.; Dufour, G.; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, Creteil, France.
[Hoepfner, M.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Boynard, A.; Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR8190, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France.
[Payan, S.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, Paris, France.
[Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium.
[Claude, H.] DWD, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.
[De Backer, H.] RMIB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Dier, H.] DWD, Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany.
[Johnson, B.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kelder, H.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[Kivi, R.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland.
[Koide, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Ozone Layer Monitoring Off, Tokyo 1008122, Japan.
[Lopez Bartolome, M.] AEMET, Madrid, Spain.
[Lambkin, K.] Valentia Observ, Irish Meteorol Serv, Cahirciveen, Kerry, Ireland.
[Moore, D.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Schmidlin, F. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
[Stuebi, R.] MeteoSwiss, Federal Off Meteorol & Climatol, Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland.
RP Eremenko, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 12, LISA, CNRS, Creteil, France.
EM maxim.eremenko@lisa.univ-paris12.fr
RI Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Orphal, Johannes/A-8667-2012; clerbaux,
cathy/I-5478-2013
OI Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Orphal,
Johannes/0000-0002-1943-4496;
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 13
BP 6345
EP 6345
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6345-2010
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 624VY
UT WOS:000279851400039
ER
PT J
AU Guan, H
Esswein, R
Lopez, J
Bergstrom, R
Warnock, A
Follette-Cook, M
Fromm, M
Iraci, LT
AF Guan, H.
Esswein, R.
Lopez, J.
Bergstrom, R.
Warnock, A.
Follette-Cook, M.
Fromm, M.
Iraci, L. T.
TI A multi-decadal history of biomass burning plume heights identified
using aerosol index measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRE; SMOKE INJECTION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPORT; CARBON; SENSITIVITY;
EMISSIONS; AFRICA
AB We have quantified the relationship between Aerosol Index (AI) measurements and plume height for young biomass burning plumes using coincident Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) measurements. This linear relationship allows the determination of high-altitude plumes wherever AI data are available, and it provides a data set for validating global fire plume heights in chemistry transport models. We find that all plumes detected from June 2006 to February 2009 with an AI value >= 9 are located at altitudes higher than 5 km. Older high-altitude plumes have lower AI values than young plumes at similar altitudes. We have examined available AI data from the OMI and TOMS instruments (1978-2009) and find that large AI plumes occur more frequently over North America than over Australia or Russia/Northeast Asia. According to the derived relationship, during this time interval, 181 plumes, in various stages of their evolution, reached altitudes above 8 km.
C1 [Guan, H.; Esswein, R.; Lopez, J.; Bergstrom, R.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Guan, H.; Esswein, R.; Lopez, J.; Bergstrom, R.; Iraci, L. T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Warnock, A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Follette-Cook, M.; Fromm, M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
RP Guan, H (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
EM hong.guan-1@nasa.gov
RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010
NR 54
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6461
EP 6469
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6461-2010
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600001
ER
PT J
AU Yasunari, TJ
Bonasoni, P
Laj, P
Fujita, K
Vuillermoz, E
Marinoni, A
Cristofanelli, P
Duchi, R
Tartari, G
Lau, KM
AF Yasunari, T. J.
Bonasoni, P.
Laj, P.
Fujita, K.
Vuillermoz, E.
Marinoni, A.
Cristofanelli, P.
Duchi, R.
Tartari, G.
Lau, K. -M.
TI Estimated impact of black carbon deposition during pre-monsoon season
from Nepal Climate Observatory - Pyramid data and snow albedo changes
over Himalayan glaciers
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID 5079 M A.S.L.; TIBETAN PLATEAU; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; SPECTRAL ALBEDO;
DIRTY SNOW; ICE CORE; AEROSOL; DUST; PARTICLES; SURFACE
AB The possible minimal range of reduction in snow surface albedo due to dry deposition of black carbon (BC) in the pre-monsoon period (March-May) was estimated as a lower bound together with the estimation of its accuracy, based on atmospheric observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory - Pyramid (NCO-P) sited at 5079 m a.s.l. in the Himalayan region. A total BC deposition rate was estimated as 2.89 mu g m(-2) day(-1) providing a total deposition of 266 mu g m(-2) for March-May at the site, based on a calculation with a minimal deposition velocity of 1.0x10(-4) ms(-1) with atmospheric data of equivalent BC concentration. Main BC size at NCO-P site was determined as 103.1-669.8 nm by correlation analyses between equivalent BC concentration and particulate size distributions in the atmosphere. The BC deposition from the size distribution data was also estimated. It was found that 8.7% of the estimated dry deposition corresponds to the estimated BC deposition from equivalent BC concentration data. If all the BC is deposited uniformly on the top 2-cm pure snow, the corresponding BC concentration is 26.0-68.2 mu g kg(-1), assuming snow density variations of 195-512 kg m(-3) of Yala Glacier close to NCO-P site. Such a concentration of BC in snow could result in 2.0-5.2% albedo reductions. By assuming these albedo reductions continue throughout the year, and then applying simple numerical experiments with a glacier mass balance model, we estimated reductions would lead to runoff increases of 70-204 mm of water. This runoff is the equivalent of 11.6-33.9% of the annual discharge of a typical Tibetan glacier. Our estimates of BC concentration in snow surface for pre-monsoon season is comparable to those at similar altitudes in the Himalayan region, where glaciers and perpetual snow regions begin, in the vicinity of NCO-P. Our estimates from only BC are likely to represent a lower bound for snow albedo reductions, because we used a fixed slower deposition velocity. In addition, we excluded the effects of atmospheric wind and turbulence, snow aging, dust deposition, and snow albedo feedbacks. This preliminary study represents the first investigation of BC deposition and related albedo on snow, using atmospheric aerosol data observed at the southern slope in the Himalayas.
C1 [Yasunari, T. J.; Lau, K. -M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Yasunari, T. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Bonasoni, P.; Marinoni, A.; Cristofanelli, P.; Duchi, R.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
[Bonasoni, P.; Vuillermoz, E.] Ev K2 CNR Comm, Bergamo, Italy.
[Laj, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, UMR5183, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France.
[Fujita, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
[Tartari, G.] CNR, Water Res Inst, Brugherio, Italy.
RP Yasunari, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM teppei.j.yasunari@nasa.gov
RI Fujita, Koji/E-6104-2010; Yasunari, Teppei/E-5374-2010; Lau, William
/E-1510-2012; Bonasoni, Paolo/C-6338-2015;
OI Fujita, Koji/0000-0003-3753-4981; Yasunari, Teppei/0000-0002-9896-9404;
Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Bonasoni, Paolo/0000-0002-8812-5291;
Cristofanelli, Paolo/0000-0001-5666-9131
NR 45
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 3
U2 39
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6603
EP 6615
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6603-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600013
ER
PT J
AU Park, S
Atlas, EL
Jimenez, R
Daube, BC
Gottlieb, EW
Nan, J
Jones, DBA
Pfister, L
Conway, TJ
Bui, TP
Gao, RS
Wofsy, SC
AF Park, S.
Atlas, E. L.
Jimenez, R.
Daube, B. C.
Gottlieb, E. W.
Nan, J.
Jones, D. B. A.
Pfister, L.
Conway, T. J.
Bui, T. P.
Gao, R. -S.
Wofsy, S. C.
TI Vertical transport rates and concentrations of OH and Cl radicals in the
Tropical Tropopause Layer from observations of CO2 and halocarbons:
implications for distributions of long- and short-lived chemical species
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDE LOWER STRATOSPHERE; EMPIRICAL AGE
SPECTRA; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; RESIDENCE TIME; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PIPE MODEL;
MEAN AGES; OZONE; BROMINE
AB Rates for large-scale vertical transport of air in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) were determined using high-resolution, in situ observations of CO2 concentrations in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the NASA Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) campaign in August 2007. Upward movement of trace gases in the deep tropics was notably slower in TC4 than during the Costa Rica AURA Validation Experiment (CR-AVE), in January 2006. Transport rates in the TTL were combined with in situ measurements of chlorinated and brominated organic compounds from whole air samples to determine chemical loss rates for reactive chemical species, providing empirical vertical profiles for 24-h mean concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and chlorine atoms in the TTL. The analysis shows that important short-lived species such as CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH2Br2 have longer chemical lifetimes than the time for transit of the TTL, implying that these species, which are not included in most models, could readily reach the stratosphere and make significant contributions of chlorine and/or bromine to stratospheric loading.
C1 [Park, S.; Jimenez, R.; Daube, B. C.; Gottlieb, E. W.; Nan, J.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Park, S.; Jimenez, R.; Daube, B. C.; Gottlieb, E. W.; Nan, J.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Pfister, L.; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Conway, T. J.; Gao, R. -S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wofsy, SC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM swofsy@seas.harvard.edu
RI JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/B-6112-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Jones,
Dylan/O-2475-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725;
NR 51
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6669
EP 6684
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6669-2010
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600018
ER
PT J
AU Huang, D
Gasiewski, AJ
Wiscombe, W
AF Huang, D.
Gasiewski, A. J.
Wiscombe, W.
TI Tomographic retrieval of cloud liquid water fields from a single
scanning microwave radiometer aboard a moving platform - Part 1: Field
trial results from the Wakasa Bay experiment
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL-VARIATION MINIMIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION; PRECIPITATION; SURFACE;
VAPOR; ART
AB Tomographic methods offer great potential for retrieving three-dimensional spatial distributions of cloud liquid water from radiometric observations by passive microwave sensors. Fixed tomographic systems require multiple radiometers, while mobile systems can use just a single radiometer. Part 1 (this paper) examines the results from a limited cloud tomography trial with a single-radiometer airborne system carried out as part of the 2003 AMSR-E validation campaign over Wakasa Bay of the Sea of Japan. During this trial, the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) and Microwave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) aboard the NASA P-3 research aircraft provided a useful dataset for testing the cloud tomography method over a system of low-level clouds. We do tomographic retrievals with a constrained inversion algorithm using three configurations: PSR, MIR, and combined PSR and MIR data. The liquid water paths from the PSR retrieval are consistent with those from the MIR retrieval. The retrieved cloud field based on the combined data appears to be physically plausible and consistent with the cloud image obtained by a cloud radar. We find that some vertically-uniform clouds appear at high altitudes in the retrieved field where the radar shows clear sky. This is likely due to the sub-optimal data collection strategy. This sets the stage for Part 2 of this study that aims to define optimal data collection strategies using observation system simulation experiments.
C1 [Huang, D.; Wiscombe, W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Gasiewski, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wiscombe, W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Huang, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM dhuang@bnl.gov
RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Huang, Dong/H-7318-2014
OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Huang, Dong/0000-0001-9715-6922
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6685
EP 6697
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6685-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600019
ER
PT J
AU Huang, D
Gasiewski, A
Wiscombe, W
AF Huang, D.
Gasiewski, A.
Wiscombe, W.
TI Tomographic retrieval of cloud liquid water fields from a single
scanning microwave radiometer aboard a moving platform - Part 2:
Observation system simulation experiments
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; RADAR
AB Part 1 of this research concluded that many conditions of the 2003 Wakasa Bay experiment were not optimal for the purpose of tomographic retrieval. Part 2 (this paper) then aims to find possible improvements to the mobile cloud tomography method using observation system simulation experiments. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the L(1) norm total variation regularization in the tomographic retrieval algorithm better reproduces discontinuous structures than the widely used L(2) norm Tikhonov regularization. The simulation experiments reveal that a typical ground-based mobile setup substantially outperforms an airborne one because the ground-based setup usually moves slower and has greater contrast in microwave brightness between clouds and the background. It is shown that, as expected, the error in the cloud tomography retrievals increases monotonically with both the radiometer noise level and the uncertainty in the estimate of background brightness temperature. It is also revealed that a lower speed of platform motion or a faster scanning radiometer results in more scan cycles and more overlap between the swaths of successive scan cycles, both of which help to improve the retrieval accuracy. The last factor examined is aircraft height. It is found that the optimal aircraft height is 0.5 to 1.0 km above the cloud top. To summarize, this research demonstrates the feasibility of tomographically retrieving the spatial structure of cloud liquid water using current microwave radiometric technology and provides several general guidelines to improve future field-based studies of cloud tomography.
C1 [Huang, D.; Wiscombe, W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Gasiewski, A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wiscombe, W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Huang, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM dhuang@bnl.gov
RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Huang, Dong/H-7318-2014
OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Huang, Dong/0000-0001-9715-6922
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6699
EP 6709
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6699-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600020
ER
PT J
AU Huang, J
Minnis, P
Yan, H
Yi, Y
Chen, B
Zhang, L
Ayers, JK
AF Huang, J.
Minnis, P.
Yan, H.
Yi, Y.
Chen, B.
Zhang, L.
Ayers, J. K.
TI Dust aerosol effect on semi-arid climate over Northwest China detected
from A-Train satellite measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; CLOUD; MODEL;
CERES; POLLUTION; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION
AB The impact of dust aerosols on the semi-arid climate of Northwest China is analyzed by comparing aerosol and cloud properties derived over the China semi-arid region (hereafter, CSR) and the United States semi-arid region (hereafter, USR) using several years of surface and A-Train satellite observations during active dust event seasons. These regions have similar climatic conditions, but aerosol concentrations are greater over the CSR. Because the CSR is close to two major dust source regions (Taklamakan and Gobi deserts), the aerosols over the CSR not only contain local anthropogenic aerosols (agricultural dust, black carbon and other anthropogenic aerosols), but also include natural dust transported from the source regions. The aerosol optical depth, averaged over a 3-month period, derived from MODIS for the CSR is 0.27, which is 47% higher than that over the USR (0.19). Although transported natural dust only accounts for 53% of this difference, it is a major contributor to the average absorbing aerosol index, which is 27% higher in the CSR (1.07) than in the USR (0.84). During dust event periods, liquid water cloud particle size, optical depth and liquid water path are smaller by 9%, 30% and 33% compared to dust-free conditions, respectively.
C1 [Huang, J.; Yan, H.; Chen, B.; Zhang, L.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
[Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Yi, Y.; Ayers, J. K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Huang, J (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM hjp@lzu.edu.cn
RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010
OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148
NR 47
TC 60
Z9 67
U1 3
U2 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6863
EP 6872
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6863-2010
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600032
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, D
Wang, J
Ichoku, C
Remer, LA
AF Peterson, D.
Wang, J.
Ichoku, C.
Remer, L. A.
TI Effects of lightning and other meteorological factors on fire activity
in the North American boreal forest: implications for fire weather
forecasting
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE ENERGY; WILDLAND FIRE; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; INTERIOR ALASKA;
HAINES INDEX; EOS-MODIS; SATELLITE; CANADA; PRODUCTS; PATTERNS
AB The effects of lightning and other meteorological factors on wildfire activity in the North American boreal forest are statistically analyzed during the fire seasons of 2000-2006 through an integration of the following data sets: the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 2 fire products, the 3-hourly 32-km gridded meteorological data from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), and the lightning data collected by the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN) and the Alaska Lightning Detection Network (ALDN). Positive anomalies of the 500 hPa geopotential height field, convective available potential energy (CAPE), number of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes, and the number of consecutive dry days are found to be statistically important to the seasonal variation of MODIS fire counts in a large portion of Canada and the entirety of Alaska. Analysis of fire occurrence patterns in the eastern and western boreal forest regions shows that dry (in the absence of precipitation) lightning strikes account for only 20% of the total lightning strikes, but are associated with (and likely cause) 40% of the MODIS observed fire counts in these regions. The chance for ignition increases when a threshold of at least 10 dry strikes per NARR grid box and at least 10 consecutive dry days is reached. Due to the orientation of the large-scale pattern, complex differences in fire and lightning occurrence and variability were also found between the eastern and western sub-regions. Locations with a high percentage of dry strikes commonly experience an increased number of fire counts, but the mean number of fire counts per dry strike is more than 50% higher in western boreal forest sub-region, suggesting a geographic and possible topographic influence. While wet lightning events are found to occur with a large range of CAPE values, a high probability for dry lightning occurs only when 500 hPa geopotential heights are above similar to 5700 m and CAPE values are near the maximum observed level, underscoring the importance of low-level instability to boreal fire weather forecasts.
C1 [Peterson, D.; Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Wang, J.; Ichoku, C.; Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM jwang7@unl.edu
RI Ichoku, Charles/E-1857-2012; peterson, david/L-2350-2016; Wang,
Jun/A-2977-2008
OI Ichoku, Charles/0000-0003-3244-4549; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490
NR 43
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6873
EP 6888
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6873-2010
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600033
ER
PT J
AU Xie, F
Wu, DL
Ao, CO
Mannucci, AJ
AF Xie, F.
Wu, D. L.
Ao, C. O.
Mannucci, A. J.
TI Atmospheric diurnal variations observed with GPS radio occultation
soundings
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MESOPAUSE
REGION; PART II; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES;
WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; TIDES
AB The diurnal variation, driven by solar forcing, is a fundamental mode in the Earth's weather and climate system. Radio occultation (RO) measurements from the six COSMIC satellites (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) provide nearly uniform global coverage with high vertical resolution, all-weather and diurnal sampling capability. This paper analyzes the diurnal variations of temperature and refractivity from three-year (2007-2009) COSMIC RO measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere between 30 degrees S and 30 degrees N. The RO observations reveal both propagating and trapped vertical structures of diurnal variations, including transition regions near the tropopause where data with high vertical resolution are critical. In the tropics the diurnal amplitude in refractivity shows the minimum around 14 km and increases to a local maximum around 32 km in the stratosphere. The upward propagating component of the migrating diurnal tides in the tropics is clearly captured by the GPS RO measurements, which show a downward progression in phase from stratopause to the upper troposphere with a vertical wavelength of about 25 km. At similar to 32 km the seasonal variation of the tidal amplitude maximizes at the opposite side of the equator relative to the solar forcing. The vertical structure of tidal amplitude shows strong seasonal variations and becomes asymmetric along the equator and tilted toward the summer hemisphere in the solstice months. Such asymmetry becomes less prominent in equinox months.
C1 [Xie, F.; Wu, D. L.; Ao, C. O.; Mannucci, A. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Xie, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM feiqin.xie@jpl.nasa.gov
RI XIE, FEIQIN/J-4569-2013; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012
NR 60
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6889
EP 6899
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6889-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600034
ER
PT J
AU Huang, M
Carmichael, GR
Adhikary, B
Spak, SN
Kulkarni, S
Cheng, YF
Wei, C
Tang, Y
Parrish, DD
Oltmans, SJ
D'Allura, A
Kaduwela, A
Cai, C
Weinheimer, AJ
Wong, M
Pierce, RB
Al-Saadi, JA
Streets, DG
Zhang, Q
AF Huang, M.
Carmichael, G. R.
Adhikary, B.
Spak, S. N.
Kulkarni, S.
Cheng, Y. F.
Wei, C.
Tang, Y.
Parrish, D. D.
Oltmans, S. J.
D'Allura, A.
Kaduwela, A.
Cai, C.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Wong, M.
Pierce, R. B.
Al-Saadi, J. A.
Streets, D. G.
Zhang, Q.
TI Impacts of transported background ozone on California air quality during
the ARCTAS-CARB period - a multi-scale modeling study
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; WEST-COAST; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE;
AEROSOL; MISSION; SYSTEM; MODIS
AB Multi-scale tracer and full-chemistry simulations with the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are used to analyze the effects of transported background ozone (O-3) from the eastern Pacific on California air quality during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment conducted in June, 2008. Previous work has focused on the importance of long-range transport of O-3 to North America air quality in springtime. However during this summer experiment the long-range transport of O-3 is also shown to be important. Simulated and observed O-3 transport patterns from the coast to inland northern California are shown to vary based on meteorological conditions and the O-3 profiles over the oceans, which are strongly episodically affected by Asian inflows. Analysis of the correlations of O-3 at various altitudes above the coastal site at Trinidad Head and at a downwind surface site in northern California, show that under long-range transport events, high O-3 air-masses (O-3>60 ppb) at altitudes between about 2 and 4 km can be transported inland and can significantly influence surface O-3 20-30 h later. These results show the importance of characterizing the vertical structure of the lateral boundary conditions (LBC) needed in air quality simulations. The importance of the LBC on O-3 prediction during this period is further studied through a series of sensitivity studies using different forms of LBC. It is shown that the use of the LBC downscaled from RAQMS global model that assimilated MLS and OMI data improves the model performance. We also show that the predictions can be further improved through the use of LBC based on NASA DC-8 airborne observations during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment. These results indicate the need to develop observational strategies to provide information on the three-dimensional nature of pollutant distributions, in order to improve our capability to predict pollution levels and to better quantify the influence of these Asian inflows on the US west coast air quality.
C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Adhikary, B.; Spak, S. N.; Kulkarni, S.; Cheng, Y. F.; Wei, C.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
[Tang, Y.] NOAA, W NP2, EMC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Parrish, D. D.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[D'Allura, A.] ARIANET Srl, Milan, Italy.
[Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Weinheimer, A. J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wong, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA.
[Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu
RI Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; wei,
chao/E-4379-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Spak,
Scott/B-7331-2008; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Spak,
Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Kaduwela,
Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698
NR 47
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 14
BP 6947
EP 6968
DI 10.5194/acp-10-6947-2010
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 633PL
UT WOS:000280515600037
ER
PT J
AU Lamarque, JF
Bond, TC
Eyring, V
Granier, C
Heil, A
Klimont, Z
Lee, D
Liousse, C
Mieville, A
Owen, B
Schultz, MG
Shindell, D
Smith, SJ
Stehfest, E
Van Aardenne, J
Cooper, OR
Kainuma, M
Mahowald, N
McConnell, JR
Naik, V
Riahi, K
van Vuuren, DP
AF Lamarque, J. -F.
Bond, T. C.
Eyring, V.
Granier, C.
Heil, A.
Klimont, Z.
Lee, D.
Liousse, C.
Mieville, A.
Owen, B.
Schultz, M. G.
Shindell, D.
Smith, S. J.
Stehfest, E.
Van Aardenne, J.
Cooper, O. R.
Kainuma, M.
Mahowald, N.
McConnell, J. R.
Naik, V.
Riahi, K.
van Vuuren, D. P.
TI Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning
emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GLOBAL-MODEL;
TRACE GASES; FOSSIL-FUEL; OZONE; CLIMATE; INVENTORY; SCENARIOS
AB We present and discuss a new dataset of gridded emissions covering the historical period (1850-2000) in decadal increments at a horizontal resolution of 0.5 degrees in latitude and longitude. The primary purpose of this inventory is to provide consistent gridded emissions of reactive gases and aerosols for use in chemistry model simulations needed by climate models for the Climate Model Intercomparison Program #5 (CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment report (AR5). Our best estimate for the year 2000 inventory represents a combination of existing regional and global inventories to capture the best information available at this point; 40 regions and 12 sectors are used to combine the various sources. The historical reconstruction of each emitted compound, for each region and sector, is then forced to agree with our 2000 estimate, ensuring continuity between past and 2000 emissions. Simulations from two chemistry-climate models are used to test the ability of the emission dataset described here to capture long-term changes in atmospheric ozone, carbon monoxide and aerosol distributions. The simulated long-term change in the Northern mid-latitudes surface and mid-troposphere ozone is not quite as rapid as observed. However, stations outside this latitude band show much better agreement in both present-day and long-term trend. The model simulations indicate that the concentration of carbon monoxide is underestimated at the Mace Head station; however, the long-term trend over the limited observational period seems to be reasonably well captured. The simulated sulfate and black carbon deposition over Greenland is in very good agreement with the ice-core observations spanning the simulation period. Finally, aerosol optical depth and additional aerosol diagnostics are shown to be in good agreement with previously published estimates and observations.
C1 [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhoffen, Germany.
[Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Granier, C.; Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Granier, C.; Mieville, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UPMC, INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR 8190, Paris, France.
[Heil, A.; Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Klimont, Z.; Riahi, K.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
[Lee, D.; Owen, B.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England.
[Liousse, C.] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
[Shindell, D.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Agcy, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
[Smith, S. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA.
[Stehfest, E.; van Vuuren, D. P.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
[Van Aardenne, J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, DG, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Kainuma, M.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
[McConnell, J. R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
[Naik, V.] NOAA, High Performance Technol Inc, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Lamarque, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM lamar@ucar.edu
RI Heil, Angelika/J-7182-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Pfister,
Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Granier,
Claire/D-5360-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Naik,
Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; van Vuuren,
Detlef/A-4764-2009; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; Riahi,
Keywan/B-6426-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Schultz,
Martin/I-9512-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Heil, Angelika/0000-0002-8768-5027; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928;
Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Granier,
Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700;
Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; van Vuuren,
Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X;
Riahi, Keywan/0000-0001-7193-3498; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X;
Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885;
FU ACCENT European Network; EU; European Union; National Science Foundation
FX The authors would like to thank the ACCENT European Network, which
provided funding for meetings to develop the emissions dataset. Suvi
Monni, Lorenzo Orlandini and Valerio Pagliari are acknowledged for
providing support in the gridding of emissions and making available
official reported data from EMEP and UNFCCC inventories. O. Buhaug and
J. Corbett provided helpful comments on ship emissions. Z. K. would like
to acknowledge the support received from the European Integrated project
on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI), a
project within EU's Sixth Framework Program. A. H. acknowledges funding
from the European Union's CITYZEN project. Surface data was obtained
from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse gases, maintained by the Japan
Meteorological Agency in cooperation with the World Meteorological
Organization. We would like to thank D. Parrish and H.-E. Scheel for
providing access to their ozone datasets. AERONET data was kindly made
available by the AERONET investigators and used for this study. The
National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University
Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National
Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science
Foundation.
NR 122
TC 719
Z9 736
U1 32
U2 271
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 15
BP 7017
EP 7039
DI 10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637VV
UT WOS:000280847700002
ER
PT J
AU Perring, AE
Bertram, TH
Farmer, DK
Wooldridge, PJ
Dibb, J
Blake, NJ
Blake, DR
Singh, HB
Fuelberg, H
Diskin, G
Sachse, G
Cohen, RC
AF Perring, A. E.
Bertram, T. H.
Farmer, D. K.
Wooldridge, P. J.
Dibb, J.
Blake, N. J.
Blake, D. R.
Singh, H. B.
Fuelberg, H.
Diskin, G.
Sachse, G.
Cohen, R. C.
TI The production and persistence of Sigma RONO2 in the Mexico City plume
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IN-SITU;
PEROXY NITRATES; CHEMICAL MECHANISM; ATMOSPHERIC NO2; NITROGEN-OXIDES;
ALKYL NITRATES; MIXING RATIOS; DIODE-LASER
AB Alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (RONO2, Sigma ANs) have been observed to be a significant fraction of NOy in a number of different chemical regimes. Their formation is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. Sigma ANs also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere. Numerous studies have investigated the role of nitrate formation from biogenic compounds and in the remote atmosphere. Less attention has been paid to the role Sigma ANs may play in the complex mixtures of hydrocarbons typical of urban settings. Measurements of total alkyl and multifunctional nitrates, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (Sigma PNs), HNO3 and a representative suite of hydrocarbons were obtained from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during spring of 2006 in and around Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico. Sigma ANs were observed to be 10-20% of NOy in the Mexico City plume and to increase in importance with increased photochemical age. We describe three conclusions: (1) Correlations of Sigma ANs with odd-oxygen (O-x) indicate a stronger role for Sigma ANs in the photochemistry of Mexico City than is expected based on currently accepted photochemical mechanisms, (2) Sigma AN formation suppresses peak ozone production rates by as much as 40% in the near-field of Mexico City and (3) Sigma ANs play a significant role in the export of NOy from Mexico City to the Gulf Region.
C1 [Perring, A. E.; Bertram, T. H.; Farmer, D. K.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Inst, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Blake, N. J.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Fuelberg, H.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Diskin, G.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Perring, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM anne.perring@noaa.gov
RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011
OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691
FU NASA [NAG5-13668]
FX The work presented here was funded by NASA headquarters under the NASA
Earth Systems Science Fellowship Program and by NASA grant #NAG5-13668.
The authors would also like to sincerely thank Brian Heikes and Alan
Fried for the use of their formaldehyde data, Melody Avery for the use
of her ozone data, Bill Brune for the use of his HOx
measurements and Greg Huey for the use of his NO measurements.
NR 49
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U1 0
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 15
BP 7215
EP 7229
DI 10.5194/acp-10-7215-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637VV
UT WOS:000280847700015
ER
PT J
AU Bauer, SE
Menon, S
Koch, D
Bond, TC
Tsigaridis, K
AF Bauer, S. E.
Menon, S.
Koch, D.
Bond, T. C.
Tsigaridis, K.
TI A global modeling study on carbonaceous aerosol microphysical
characteristics and radiative effects
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BLACK CARBON; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EMISSIONS; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING;
PARTICLES; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; AEROCOM; SOOT
AB Recently, attention has been drawn towards black carbon aerosols as a short-term climate warming mitigation candidate. However the global and regional impacts of the direct, indirect and semi-direct aerosol effects are highly uncertain, due to the complex nature of aerosol evolution and the way that mixed, aged aerosols interact with clouds and radiation. A detailed aerosol microphysical scheme, MATRIX, embedded within the GISS climate model is used in this study to present a quantitative assessment of the impact of microphysical processes involving black carbon, such as emission size distributions and optical properties on aerosol cloud activation and radiative effects.
Our best estimate for net direct and indirect aerosol radiative flux change between 1750 and 2000 is -0.56 W/m(2). However, the direct and indirect aerosol effects are quite sensitive to the black and organic carbon size distribution and consequential mixing state. The net radiative flux change can vary between -0.32 to -0.75 W/m(2) depending on these carbonaceous particle properties at emission. Taking into account internally mixed black carbon particles let us simulate correct aerosol absorption. Absorption of black carbon aerosols is amplified by sulfate and nitrate coatings and, even more strongly, by organic coatings. Black carbon mitigation scenarios generally showed reduced radiative fluxeswhen sources with a large proportion of black carbon, such as diesel, are reduced; however reducing sources with a larger organic carbon component as well, such as bio-fuels, does not necessarily lead to a reduction in positive radiative flux.
C1 [Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.; Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA.
[Menon, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Bauer, SE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM sbauer@giss.nasa.gov
RI Tsigaridis, Kostas/K-8292-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Bauer,
Susanne/P-3082-2014
OI Tsigaridis, Kostas/0000-0001-5328-819X; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928;
FU NASA [NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N, NNH08ZDA001N-MAP]; NASA at the Goddard
Institute for Space Studies; US Department of Energy at Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE
FX This work has been supported by the NASA MAP program Modeling, Analysis
and Prediction Climate Variability and Change (NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N) and
(NNH08ZDA001N-MAP). KT was supported by an appointment to the NASA
Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies,
administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract
with NASA. SM was supported by the US Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
and also acknowledges support from the DOE Atmospheric System Research
Program and the NASA MAP program. We thank Andy Lacis for never getting
tired of explaining the GISS radiation code to us, and Jessica Sagona
for her work with the AERONET data sets. We acknowledge AERONET data,
available at http://aeronet/gsfc.nasa.gov; IMPROVE data available from
http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/IMPROVE; and EMEP data from
http://tarantula.nilu.no/projects/ccc. We are acknowledging the aircraft
measurements made available to us by groups at NOAA: David Fahey,
Ru-shan Gao, Joshua Schwarz, Ryan Spackman, Laurel Watts; University of
Tokyo: Yutaka Kondo, Nobuhiro Moteki; and University of Hawaii: Antony
Clarke, Cameron McNaughton, Steffen Freitag.
NR 43
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Z9 69
U1 1
U2 27
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 15
BP 7439
EP 7456
DI 10.5194/acp-10-7439-2010
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637VV
UT WOS:000280847700031
ER
PT J
AU Koch, D
Del Genio, AD
AF Koch, D.
Del Genio, A. D.
TI Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRADE-WIND CUMULI; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; INDIAN-OCEAN; AEROSOL; CLIMATE;
SMOKE; SIMULATIONS; MONSOON; MODEL; INHIBITION
AB Absorbing aerosols (AAs) such as black carbon (BC) or dust absorb incoming solar radiation, perturb the temperature structure of the atmosphere, and influence cloud cover. Previous studies have described conditions under which AAs either increase or decrease cloud cover. The effect depends on several factors, including the altitude of the AA relative to the cloud and the cloud type. We attempt to categorize the effects into several likely regimes. Cloud cover is decreased if the AAs are embedded in the cloud layer. AAs below cloud may enhance convection and cloud cover. AAs above cloud top stabilize the underlying layer and tend to enhance stratocumulus clouds but may reduce cumulus clouds. AAs can also promote cloud cover in convergent regions as they enhance deep convection and low level convergence as it draws in moisture from ocean to land regions. Most global model studies indicate a regional variation in the cloud response but generally increased cloud cover over oceans and some land regions, with net increased low-level and/or reduced upper level cloud cover. The result is a net negative semi-direct effect feedback from the cloud response to AAs. In some of these climate model studies, the cooling effect of BC due to cloud changes is strong enough to essentially cancel the warming direct effects.
C1 [Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Koch, D.; Del Genio, A. D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Koch, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM dkoch@giss.nasa.gov
RI Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012
OI Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359
FU NASA MAP
FX We thank Olivier Boucher, Ralph Kahn, Tami Bond and an anonymous
reviewer for their helpful comments. We also acknowledge helpful
discussions with members of the Bounding Black Carbon author group. This
study was supported by NASA MAP.
NR 48
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Z9 160
U1 7
U2 49
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 16
BP 7685
EP 7696
DI 10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 645ED
UT WOS:000281432800011
ER
PT J
AU Daniel, JS
Fleming, EL
Portmann, RW
Velders, GJM
Jackman, CH
Ravishankara, AR
AF Daniel, J. S.
Fleming, E. L.
Portmann, R. W.
Velders, G. J. M.
Jackman, C. H.
Ravishankara, A. R.
TI Options to accelerate ozone recovery: ozone and climate benefits
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GASES NITROUS-OXIDE; FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS; DEPLETION; CHLORINE;
21ST-CENTURY; MIDLATITUDES; POTENTIALS; METHANE; N2O
AB Hypothetical reductions in future emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and N2O are evaluated in terms of effects on equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), globally-averaged total column ozone, and radiative forcing through 2100. Due to the established success of the Montreal Protocol, these actions can have only a fraction of the impact on ozone depletion that regulations already in force have had. If all anthropogenic ODS and N2O emissions were halted beginning in 2011, ozone is calculated to be higher by about 1-2% during the period 2030-2100 compared to a case of no additional restrictions. Direct radiative forcing by 2100 would be about 0.23 W/m(2) lower from the elimination of anthropogenic N2O emissions and about 0.005 W/m(2) lower from the destruction of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) bank. Due to the potential impact of N2O on future ozone levels, we provide an approach to incorporate it into the EESC formulation, which is used extensively in ozone depletion analyses. The ability of EESC to describe total ozone changes arising from additional ODS and N2O controls is also quantified.
C1 [Daniel, J. S.; Portmann, R. W.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Fleming, E. L.; Jackman, C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fleming, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Velders, G. J. M.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands.
RP Daniel, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM john.s.daniel@noaa.gov
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009;
Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Ravishankara,
Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087;
FU NASA
FX We appreciate the effort and comments of two anonymous reviewers, who
have helped improve the manuscript. We thank S. Solomon for helpful
discussions and comments. We thank V. Fioletov for making the
ground-based ozone data used in WMO (2007) available for us to include.
E. L. Fleming and C. H. Jackman were supported by the NASA Atmospheric
Composition: Modeling and Analysis (ACMA) Program. Work at NOAA was
funded in part by NOAA's Climate Program.
NR 34
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U1 2
U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 16
BP 7697
EP 7707
DI 10.5194/acp-10-7697-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 645ED
UT WOS:000281432800012
ER
PT J
AU Schmidt, KS
Pilewskie, P
Bergstrom, R
Coddington, O
Redemann, J
Livingston, J
Russell, P
Bierwirth, E
Wendisch, M
Gore, W
Dubey, MK
Mazzoleni, C
AF Schmidt, K. S.
Pilewskie, P.
Bergstrom, R.
Coddington, O.
Redemann, J.
Livingston, J.
Russell, P.
Bierwirth, E.
Wendisch, M.
Gore, W.
Dubey, M. K.
Mazzoleni, C.
TI A new method for deriving aerosol solar radiative forcing and its first
application within MILAGRO/INTEX-B
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; MEXICO-CITY; SPECTRAL
ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SUNPHOTOMETER; AIRCRAFT; CAMPAIGN
AB We introduce a method for deriving aerosol spectral radiative forcing along with single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, and surface albedo from airborne vertical profile measurements of shortwave spectral irradiance and spectral aerosol optical thickness. The new method complements the traditional, direct measurement of aerosol radiative forcing efficiency from horizontal flight legs below gradients of aerosol optical thickness, and is particularly useful over heterogeneous land surfaces and for homogeneous aerosol layers where the horizontal gradient method is impractical. Using data collected by the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and the Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) during the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) experiment, we validate an over-ocean spectral aerosol forcing efficiency from the new method by comparing with the traditional method. Retrieved over-land aerosol optical properties are compared with in-situ measurements and AERONET retrievals. The spectral forcing efficiencies over ocean and land are remarkably similar and agree with results from other field experiments.
C1 [Schmidt, K. S.; Pilewskie, P.; Coddington, O.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bergstrom, R.; Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Livingston, J.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Russell, P.; Gore, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Bierwirth, E.; Wendisch, M.] Univ Leipzig, Leipzig Inst Meteorol, Leipzig, Germany.
[Dubey, M. K.; Mazzoleni, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Mazzoleni, C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
RP Schmidt, KS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sebastian.schmidt@lasp.colorado.edu
RI Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010;
Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013;
Wendisch, Manfred/E-4175-2013
OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Coddington,
Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028; SCHMIDT, KONRAD
SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Wendisch, Manfred/0000-0002-4652-5561
FU NASA [NNX08AI83G]; Robert Bergstrom [NNX08AH60]; NASA Ames Research
Center
FX This work was financed by the NASA atmospheric radiation program
(directed by Hal Maring). Sebastian Schmidt and Peter Pilewskie were
supported by NASA grant NNX08AI83G, Robert Bergstrom by NNX08AH60. We
thank John Pommier and Tony Trias, NASA Ames Research Center, for their
technical support before and during the MILAGRO experiment, the crew of
the J-31 aircraft, and for the support of the NASA ESPO team in
Veracruz, Mexico. We also thank the staff of the AERONET stations in
Tamihua (Mexico) and in the Mexico City urban area for maintaining the
AERONET sites; the T0, T1, and T2 AERONET sites were established
specifically for the MILAGRO experiment. The major part of this paper
was written while the first author worked at the Meteorological
Institute of the University for Natural Resources and Applied Life
Sciences in Vienna, Austria. Thanks for the hospitality of P. Weihs, J.
Wagner, and H. Kromp-Kolb.
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 16
BP 7829
EP 7843
DI 10.5194/acp-10-7829-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 645ED
UT WOS:000281432800021
ER
PT J
AU Gasso, S
Stein, A
Marino, F
Castellano, E
Udisti, R
Ceratto, J
AF Gasso, S.
Stein, A.
Marino, F.
Castellano, E.
Udisti, R.
Ceratto, J.
TI A combined observational and modeling approach to study modern dust
transport from the Patagonia desert to East Antarctica
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-SEBASTIAN BAY; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; DOME-C; MINERAL DUST; ICE CORES;
ATLANTIC-OCEAN; AEROSOL; CLIMATE; MODIS; IRON
AB The understanding of present atmospheric transport processes from Southern Hemisphere (SH) landmasses to Antarctica can improve the interpretation of stratigraphic data in Antarctic ice cores. In addition, long range transport can deliver key nutrients normally not available to marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and may trigger or enhance primary productivity. However, there is a dearth of observational based studies of dust transport in the SH.
This work aims to improve current understanding of dust transport in the SH by showing a characterization of two dust events originating in the Patagonia desert (south end of South America). The approach is based on a combined and complementary use of satellite retrievals (detectors MISR, MODIS, GLAS, POLDER, OMI), transport model simulation (HYSPLIT) and surface observations near the sources and aerosol measurements in Antarctica (Neumayer and Concordia sites).
Satellite imagery and visibility observations confirm dust emission in a stretch of dry lakes along the coast of the Tierra del Fuego (TdF) island (similar to 54A degrees S) and from the shores of the Colihue Huapi lake in Central Patagonia (similar to 46A degrees S) in February 2005. Model simulations initialized by these observations reproduce the timing of an observed increase in dust concentration at the Concordia Station and some of the observed increases in atmospheric aerosol absorption (here used as a dust proxy) in the Neumayer station. The TdF sources were the largest contributors of dust at both sites. The transit times from TdF to the Neumayer and Concordia sites are 6-7 and 9-10 days respectively. Lidar observations and model outputs coincide in placing most of the dust cloud in the boundary layer and suggest significant deposition over the ocean immediately downwind. Boundary layer dust was detected as far as 1800 km from the source and similar to 800 km north of the South Georgia Island over the central sub-Antarctic Atlantic Ocean. Although the analysis suggests the presence of dust at similar to 1500 km SW of South Africa five days after, the limited capabilities of existing satellite platforms to differentiate between aerosol types do not permit a definitive conclusion. In addition, the model simulations show dust lifting to the free troposphere as it travels south but it could not be confirmed by the satellite observations due to cloudiness.
This work demonstrates that complementary information from existing transport models, satellite and surface data can yield a consistent picture of the dust transport from the Patagonia desert to Antarctica. It also illustrates the limitation of using any of these approaches individually to characterize the transport of dust in a heavily cloudy area.
C1 [Gasso, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Gasso, S.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Stein, A.] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol & Air Resource Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Marino, F.; Castellano, E.; Udisti, R.] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
[Ceratto, J.] NASA, Summer Inst, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Gasso, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM santiago.gasso@nasa.gov
RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Udisti,
Roberto/M-7966-2015; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014;
OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Udisti, Roberto/0000-0003-4440-8238;
Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018; Becagli, Silvia/0000-0003-3633-4849
NR 75
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 17
BP 8287
EP 8303
DI 10.5194/acp-10-8287-2010
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 650JS
UT WOS:000281845800011
ER
PT J
AU Dikty, S
Schmidt, H
Weber, M
von Savigny, C
Mlynczak, MG
AF Dikty, S.
Schmidt, H.
Weber, M.
von Savigny, C.
Mlynczak, M. G.
TI Daytime ozone and temperature variations in the mesosphere: a comparison
between SABER observations and HAMMONIA model
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; MAECHAM5 MODEL; SOLAR;
STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; INSTRUMENT; MIDDLE
AB This paper investigates the latest version 1.07 SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) tropical ozone from the 1.27 mu m as well as from the 9.6 mu m retrieval and temperature data with respect to day time variations in the upper mesosphere. The processes involved are compared to day time variations of the three-dimensional general circulation and chemistry model HAMMONIA (Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere). The results show a good qualitative agreement for ozone. The amplitude of daytime variations is in both cases approximately 60% of the daytime mean. During equinox the daytime maximum ozone abundance is for both, the observations and the model, higher than during solstice, especially above 0.01 hPa (approx. 80 km). The influence of tidal signatures either directly in ozone or indirectly via a temperature response above 0.01 hPa can not be fully eliminated. Below 0.01 hPa (photo-)chemistry is the main driver for variations. We also use the HAMMONIA output of daytime variation patterns of several other different trace gas species, e.g., water vapor and atomic oxygen, to discuss the daytime pattern in ozone. In contrast to ozone, temperature data show little daytime variations between 65 and 90 km and their amplitudes are on the order of less than 1.5%. In addition, SABER and HAMMONIA temperatures show significant differences above 80 km.
C1 [Dikty, S.; Weber, M.; von Savigny, C.] Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Schmidt, H.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Dikty, S (reprint author), Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
EM dikty@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
RI Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Schmidt,
Hauke/J-4469-2013; von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014
OI Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Schmidt, Hauke/0000-0001-8271-6456;
FU German national CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth-System)
FX We thank the SABER science team for providing data used in this study.
This work was funded within the SOLOZON project as part of the German
national CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth-System) priority
program. The numerical simulations with HAMMONIA have been performed at
the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 17
BP 8331
EP 8339
DI 10.5194/acp-10-8331-2010
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 650JS
UT WOS:000281845800014
ER
PT J
AU Walker, TW
Martin, RV
van Donkelaar, A
Leaitch, WR
MacDonald, AM
Anlauf, KG
Cohen, RC
Bertram, TH
Huey, LG
Avery, MA
Weinheimer, AJ
Flocke, FM
Tarasick, DW
Thompson, AM
Streets, DG
Liu, X
AF Walker, T. W.
Martin, R. V.
van Donkelaar, A.
Leaitch, W. R.
MacDonald, A. M.
Anlauf, K. G.
Cohen, R. C.
Bertram, T. H.
Huey, L. G.
Avery, M. A.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Flocke, F. M.
Tarasick, D. W.
Thompson, A. M.
Streets, D. G.
Liu, X.
TI Trans-Pacific transport of reactive nitrogen and ozone to Canada during
spring
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION INFLUENCES; EXPERIMENT
INTEX-B; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE;
ASIAN EMISSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; NOX EMISSIONS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT
AB We interpret observations from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment, Phase B (INTEX-B) in spring 2006 using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate sensitivities of the free troposphere above the North Pacific Ocean and North America to Asian anthropogenic emissions. We develop a method to use satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to provide timely estimates of trends in NOx emissions. NOx emissions increased by 33% for China and 29% for East Asia from 2003 to 2006. We examine measurements from three aircraft platforms from the INTEX-B campaign, including a Canadian Cessna taking vertical profiles of ozone near Whistler Peak. The contribution to the mean simulated ozone profiles over Whistler below 5.5 km is at least 7.2 ppbv for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.5 ppbv for global lightning NOx emissions. Tropospheric ozone columns from OMI exhibit a broad Asian outflow plume across the Pacific, which is reproduced by simulation. Mean modelled sensitivities of Pacific (30 degrees N-60 degrees N) tropospheric ozone columns are at least 4.6 DU for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.3 DU for lightning, as determined by simulations excluding either source. Enhancements of ozone over Canada from Asian anthropogenic emissions reflect a combination of trans-Pacific transport of ozone produced over Asia, and ozone produced in the eastern Pacific through decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs). A sensitivity study decoupling PANs globally from the model's chemical mechanism establishes that PANs increase ozone production by removing NOx from regions of low ozone production efficiency (OPE) and injecting it into regions with higher OPE, resulting in a global increase in ozone production by 2% in spring 2006. PANs contribute up to 4 ppbv to surface springtime ozone concentrations in western Canada. Ozone production due to PAN transport is greatest in the eastern Pacific; commonly occurring transport patterns advect this ozone northeastward into Canada. Transport events observed by the aircraft confirm that polluted airmasses were advected in this way.
C1 [Walker, T. W.; Martin, R. V.; van Donkelaar, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Leaitch, W. R.; MacDonald, A. M.; Anlauf, K. G.; Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bertram, T. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Avery, M. A.] NASA, Div Atmospher Sci, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
[Weinheimer, A. J.; Flocke, F. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Liu, X.] Univ Baltimore Cty UMBC, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Walker, TW (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
EM twalker@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014;
OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402;
Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920;
Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692
FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada;
NSERC; NASA; NSF
FX This work was supported by the Special Research Opportunity Program of
the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.
Thomas Walker was supported by an NSERC Canadian Graduate Scholarship.
The DC-8 and C-130 measurements were supported by NASA and NSF.
NR 89
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 17
BP 8353
EP 8372
DI 10.5194/acp-10-8353-2010
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 650JS
UT WOS:000281845800016
ER
PT J
AU Xu, M
Liang, XZ
Gao, W
Krotkov, N
AF Xu, M.
Liang, X. -Z.
Gao, W.
Krotkov, N.
TI Comparison of TOMS retrievals and UVMRP measurements of surface spectral
UV radiation in the United States
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT OMI; TOTAL OZONE;
SATELLITE ESTIMATION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS;
ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; B RADIATION; ALGORITHM; AEROSOLS
AB Surface noontime spectral ultraviolet (UV) irradiances during May-September of 2000-2004 from the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite retrievals are systematically compared with the ground measurements at 27 climatological sites maintained by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program. The TOMS retrievals are evaluated by two cloud screening methods and local air quality conditions to determine their bias dependencies on spectral bands, cloudiness, aerosol loadings, and air pollution. Under clear-sky conditions, TOMS retrieval biases vary from -3.4% (underestimation) to 23.6% (overestimation). Averaged over all sites, the relative mean biases for 305, 311, 325, and 368 nm are respectively 15.4, 7.9, 7.6, and 7.0% (overestimation). The bias enhancement for 305 nm by approximately twice that of other bands likely results from absorption by gaseous pollutants (SO2, O-3), and aerosols that are not included in the TOMS algorithm. For all bands, strong positive correlations of the TOMS biases are identified with aerosol optical depth, which explains nearly 50% of the variances of TOMS biases. The more restrictive in-situ cloud screening method reduces the biases by 3.4-3.9% averaged over all sites. This suggests that the TOMS biases from the in-situ cloud contamination may account for approximately 25% for 305 nm and 50% for other bands of the total bias. The correlation coefficients between total-sky and clear-sky biases across 27 sites are 0.92, 0.89, 0.83, and 0.78 for 305, 311, 325, and 368 nm, respectively. The results show that the spatial characteristics of the TOMS retrieval biases are systematic, representative of both clear and total-sky conditions.
C1 [Xu, M.; Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Gao, W.] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UB B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Krotkov, N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, 2204 Griffith, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
EM xliang@illinois.edu
RI Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016
OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750;
FU United States Department of Agriculture [AG CSU G-1459-1]
FX The authors thank the TOMS team for the UV product and the TEMIS team
for the SO2 and NO2 data. We are grateful to two
anonymous reviewers and the ACP editor for instructive suggestions that
help a more concise presentation. We also thank Dr. Torres for providing
the OMI Level-3 aerosol product. This research was supported by the
United States Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research
Program (UVMRP) grant to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
(AG CSU G-1459-1). We thank Drs. John Davis, Becky Olson, Gwen Scott,
and George Janson from UVMRP for providing the ground UV in situ
measurements and valuable discussions. The data processing was mainly
conducted at the NCSA/UIUC supercomputing facility. The views expressed
are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the
sponsoring agencies or the Illinois State Water Survey.
NR 60
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 18
BP 8669
EP 8683
DI 10.5194/acp-10-8669-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 657RC
UT WOS:000282429000003
ER
PT J
AU Molina, LT
Madronich, S
Gaffney, JS
Apel, E
de Foy, B
Fast, J
Ferrare, R
Herndon, S
Jimenez, JL
Lamb, B
Osornio-Vargas, AR
Russell, P
Schauer, JJ
Stevens, PS
Volkamer, R
Zavala, M
AF Molina, L. T.
Madronich, S.
Gaffney, J. S.
Apel, E.
de Foy, B.
Fast, J.
Ferrare, R.
Herndon, S.
Jimenez, J. L.
Lamb, B.
Osornio-Vargas, A. R.
Russell, P.
Schauer, J. J.
Stevens, P. S.
Volkamer, R.
Zavala, M.
TI An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and
their transport and transformation
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CHARACTERIZING OZONE
PRODUCTION; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR;
MCMA-2003 FIELD CAMPAIGN; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS
AB MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) - one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city - was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities.
The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City during March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully.
In this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate.
This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.
C1 [Molina, L. T.; Zavala, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Madronich, S.; Apel, E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Gaffney, J. S.] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA.
[de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
[Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ferrare, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Herndon, S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Osornio-Vargas, A. R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Russell, P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Schauer, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA.
EM ltmolina@mit.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Liu, Yanan/J-3680-2012; de Foy,
Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Osornio Vargas,
Alvaro/B-4645-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922;
Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; Osornio Vargas,
Alvaro/0000-0001-8287-7102; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369
FU Mexican Metropolitan Environmental Commission; Mexican Ministry of the
Environment; CONACyT; PEMEX; NSF; DOE; NASA
FX The MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign is the collaborative efforts of a large
number of participants with the support of multi-national agencies. The
MILAGRO/INTEX-B participants would like to thank the governments of the
Federal District, the States of Mexico, Hidalgo and Veracruz, the
Mexican Ministries of the Environment, Foreign Relations, Defense and
Finance, the US Embassy in Mexico and the Molina Center for Energy and
the Environment for their logistical support; IMP, U-Tecamac, and Rancho
La Bisnega for hosting the supersites as well as many other Mexican
institutions for their support. The MILAGRO/INTEX-B participants are
grateful for funding from the Mexican Metropolitan Environmental
Commission, Mexican Ministry of the Environment, CONACyT, PEMEX, NSF
Atmospheric Chemistry Program, DOE Atmospheric Science Program and NASA
Tropospheric Chemistry and Radiation Science Programs.
NR 273
TC 155
Z9 157
U1 7
U2 85
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 18
BP 8697
EP 8760
DI 10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010
PG 64
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 657RC
UT WOS:000282429000005
ER
PT J
AU Koren, I
Feingold, G
Remer, LA
AF Koren, I.
Feingold, G.
Remer, L. A.
TI The invigoration of deep convective clouds over the Atlantic: aerosol
effect, meteorology or retrieval artifact?
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; GLOBAL-MODEL GOCART; OPTICAL-THICKNESS;
SPECTRAL RADIANCES; POLLUTION AEROSOL; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; DUST
TRANSPORT; AMAZON SMOKE; SATELLITE; MODIS
AB Associations between cloud properties and aerosol loading are frequently observed in products derived from satellite measurements. These observed trends between clouds and aerosol optical depth suggest aerosol modification of cloud dynamics, yet there are uncertainties involved in satellite retrievals that have the potential to lead to incorrect conclusions. Two of the most challenging problems are addressed here: the potential for retrieved aerosol optical depth to be cloud-contaminated, and as a result, artificially correlated with cloud parameters; and the potential for correlations between aerosol and cloud parameters to be erroneously considered to be causal. Here these issues are tackled directly by studying the effects of the aerosol on convective clouds in the tropical Atlantic Ocean using satellite remote sensing, a chemical transport model, and a reanalysis of meteorological fields. Results show that there is a robust positive correlation between cloud fraction or cloud top height and the aerosol optical depth, regardless of whether a stringent filtering of aerosol measurements in the vicinity of clouds is applied, or not. These same positive correlations emerge when replacing the observed aerosol field with that derived from a chemical transport model. Model-reanalysis data is used to address the causality question by providing meteorological context for the satellite observations. A correlation exercise between the full suite of meteorological fields derived from model reanalysis and satellite-derived cloud fields shows that observed cloud top height and cloud fraction correlate best with model pressure updraft velocity and relative humidity. Observed aerosol optical depth does correlate with meteorological parameters but usually different parameters from those that correlate with observed cloud fields. The result is a near-orthogonal influence of aerosol and meteorological fields on cloud top height and cloud fraction. The results strengthen the case that the aerosol does play a role in invigorating convective clouds.
C1 [Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
[Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265;
FU Cooperative Institute for research in the Environmental Sciences
(CIRES); NOAA; NASA
FX IK acknowledges a visiting fellowship from the Cooperative Institute for
research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) for supporting this work.
GF and IK acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Goal. LR and IK
acknowledge support from NASA's Interdisciplinary Science program.
NR 98
TC 68
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 18
BP 8855
EP 8872
DI 10.5194/acp-10-8855-2010
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 657RC
UT WOS:000282429000011
ER
PT J
AU Eyring, V
Cionni, I
Bodeker, GE
Charlton-Perez, AJ
Kinnison, DE
Scinocca, JF
Waugh, DW
Akiyoshi, H
Bekki, S
Chipperfield, MP
Dameris, M
Dhomse, S
Frith, SM
Garny, H
Gettelman, A
Kubin, A
Langematz, U
Mancini, E
Marchand, M
Nakamura, T
Oman, LD
Pawson, S
Pitari, G
Plummer, DA
Rozanov, E
Shepherd, TG
Shibata, K
Tian, W
Braesicke, P
Hardiman, SC
Lamarque, JF
Morgenstern, O
Pyle, JA
Smale, D
Yamashita, Y
AF Eyring, V.
Cionni, I.
Bodeker, G. E.
Charlton-Perez, A. J.
Kinnison, D. E.
Scinocca, J. F.
Waugh, D. W.
Akiyoshi, H.
Bekki, S.
Chipperfield, M. P.
Dameris, M.
Dhomse, S.
Frith, S. M.
Garny, H.
Gettelman, A.
Kubin, A.
Langematz, U.
Mancini, E.
Marchand, M.
Nakamura, T.
Oman, L. D.
Pawson, S.
Pitari, G.
Plummer, D. A.
Rozanov, E.
Shepherd, T. G.
Shibata, K.
Tian, W.
Braesicke, P.
Hardiman, S. C.
Lamarque, J. F.
Morgenstern, O.
Pyle, J. A.
Smale, D.
Yamashita, Y.
TI Multi-model assessment of stratospheric ozone return dates and ozone
recovery in CCMVal-2 models
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE
MODEL; GASES NITROUS-OXIDE; GREENHOUSE GASES; FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; TECHNICAL NOTE; 21ST-CENTURY; SIMULATIONS
AB Projections of stratospheric ozone from a suite of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) have been analyzed. In addition to a reference simulation where anthropogenic halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) vary with time, sensitivity simulations with either ODS or GHG concentrations fixed at 1960 levels were performed to disaggregate the drivers of projected ozone changes. These simulations were also used to assess the two distinct milestones of ozone returning to historical values (ozone return dates) and ozone no longer being influenced by ODSs (full ozone recovery). The date of ozone returning to historical values does not indicate complete recovery from ODSs in most cases, because GHG-induced changes accelerate or decelerate ozone changes in many regions. In the upper stratosphere where CO2-induced stratospheric cooling increases ozone, full ozone recovery is projected to not likely have occurred by 2100 even though ozone returns to its 1980 or even 1960 levels well before (similar to 2025 and 2040, respectively). In contrast, in the tropical lower stratosphere ozone decreases continuously from 1960 to 2100 due to projected increases in tropical upwelling, while by around 2040 it is already very likely that full recovery from the effects of ODSs has occurred, although ODS concentrations are still elevated by this date. In the midlatitude lower stratosphere the evolution differs from that in the tropics, and rather than a steady decrease in ozone, first a decrease in ozone is simulated from 1960 to 2000, which is then followed by a steady increase through the 21st century. Ozone in the midlatitude lower stratosphere returns to 1980 levels by similar to 2045 in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and by similar to 2055 in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and full ozone recovery is likely reached by 2100 in both hemispheres. Overall, in all regions except the tropical lower stratosphere, full ozone recovery from ODSs occurs significantly later than the return of total column ozone to its 1980 level. The latest return of total column ozone is projected to occur over Antarctica (similar to 2045-2060) whereas it is not likely that full ozone recovery is reached by the end of the 21st century in this region. Arctic total column ozone is projected to return to 1980 levels well before polar stratospheric halogen loading does so (similar to 2025-2030 for total column ozone, cf. 2050-2070 for Cl-y+60xBr(y)) and it is likely that full recovery of total column ozone from the effects of ODSs has occurred by similar to 2035. In contrast to the Antarctic, by 2100 Arctic total column ozone is projected to be above 1960 levels, but not in the fixed GHG simulation, indicating that climate change plays a significant role.
C1 [Eyring, V.; Cionni, I.; Dameris, M.; Garny, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, South Africa.
[Charlton-Perez, A. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Kinnison, D. E.; Gettelman, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Scinocca, J. F.; Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Waugh, D. W.; Oman, L. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Bekki, S.; Marchand, M.] Serv Aeron, Inst Pierre Simone Laplace, Paris, France.
[Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Frith, S. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Kubin, A.; Langematz, U.] Freie Univ ,Berlin, Inst Meteorol, Berlin, Germany.
[Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Oman, L. D.; Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observatorium Davos, Davos, Switzerland.
[Rozanov, E.] Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
[Braesicke, P.; Morgenstern, O.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Hardiman, S. C.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Morgenstern, O.; Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Yamashita, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo 1138654, Japan.
RP Eyring, V (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
EM veronika.eyring@dlr.de
RI Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Oman,
Luke/C-2778-2009; Bodeker, Greg/A-8870-2008; Chipperfield,
Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki,
slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke,
Peter/D-8330-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Waugh,
Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Dhomse,
Sandip/C-8198-2011; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/F-4079-2010
OI Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292;
Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Rozanov,
Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Bodeker,
Greg/0000-0003-1094-5852; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149;
Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki,
slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392;
Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pawson,
Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Pitari,
Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383;
Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220
FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; DECC/Defra [GA01101];
National Science Foundation
FX We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity
for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric
Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and
coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British
Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal
model output. We thank John Austin (AMTRAC3, NOAA GFDL, USA), Martine
Michou and Hubert Teyssedre (CNRM-ACM, Meteo-France, France) for
supplying model data from the REF-B2 reference simulations. We thank
David B. Stephenson (Mathematics Research Institute, University of
Exeter, UK) for his work on the TSAM method. CCSRNIES research was
supported by the Global Environmental Research Found of the Ministry of
the Environment of Japan (A-071) and the simulations were completed with
the super computer at CGER, NIES. The MRI simulation was made with the
supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies,
Japan. The MetOffice simulation was supported by the Joint DECC and
Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). NCAR is
operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under
sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.
NR 69
TC 82
Z9 83
U1 0
U2 33
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 19
BP 9451
EP 9472
DI 10.5194/acp-10-9451-2010
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 665WG
UT WOS:000283066300015
ER
PT J
AU Charlton-Perez, AJ
Hawkins, E
Eyring, V
Cionni, I
Bodeker, GE
Kinnison, DE
Akiyoshi, H
Frith, SM
Garcia, R
Gettelman, A
Lamarque, JF
Nakamura, T
Pawson, S
Yamashita, Y
Bekki, S
Braesicke, P
Chipperfield, MP
Dhomse, S
Marchand, M
Mancini, E
Morgenstern, O
Pitari, G
Plummer, D
Pyle, JA
Rozanov, E
Scinocca, J
Shibata, K
Shepherd, TG
Tian, W
Waugh, DW
AF Charlton-Perez, A. J.
Hawkins, E.
Eyring, V.
Cionni, I.
Bodeker, G. E.
Kinnison, D. E.
Akiyoshi, H.
Frith, S. M.
Garcia, R.
Gettelman, A.
Lamarque, J. F.
Nakamura, T.
Pawson, S.
Yamashita, Y.
Bekki, S.
Braesicke, P.
Chipperfield, M. P.
Dhomse, S.
Marchand, M.
Mancini, E.
Morgenstern, O.
Pitari, G.
Plummer, D.
Pyle, J. A.
Rozanov, E.
Scinocca, J.
Shibata, K.
Shepherd, T. G.
Tian, W.
Waugh, D. W.
TI The potential to narrow uncertainty in projections of stratospheric
ozone over the 21st century
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; GASES NITROUS-OXIDE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; FUTURE
CONCENTRATIONS; TECHNICAL NOTE; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; DEPLETION;
AEROSOLS; METHANE
AB Future stratospheric ozone concentrations will be determined both by changes in the concentration of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and by changes in stratospheric and tropospheric climate, including those caused by changes in anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Since future economic development pathways and resultant emissions of GHGs are uncertain, anthropogenic climate change could be a significant source of uncertainty for future projections of stratospheric ozone. In this pilot study, using an "ensemble of opportunity" of chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations, the contribution of scenario uncertainty from different plausible emissions pathways for ODSs and GHGs to future ozone projections is quantified relative to the contribution from model uncertainty and internal variability of the chemistry-climate system. For both the global, annual mean ozone concentration and for ozone in specific geographical regions, differences between CCMs are the dominant source of uncertainty for the first two-thirds of the 21st century, upto and after the time when ozone concentrations return to 1980 values. In the last third of the 21st century, dependent upon the set of greenhouse gas scenarios used, scenario uncertainty can be the dominant contributor. This result suggests that investment in chemistry-climate modelling is likely to continue to refine projections of stratospheric ozone and estimates of the return of stratospheric ozone concentrations to pre-1980 levels.
C1 [Charlton-Perez, A. J.; Hawkins, E.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Eyring, V.; Cionni, I.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Elms, Alexandra, South Africa.
[Kinnison, D. E.; Garcia, R.; Gettelman, A.; Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Frith, S. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bekki, S.; Marchand, M.] Serv Aeron, Inst Pierre Simone Laplace, Paris, France.
[Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Reasearch, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Plummer, D.; Scinocca, J.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observatorium Davos, Davos, Switzerland.
[Rozanov, E.] Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
[Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Charlton-Perez, AJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
EM a.j.charlton@reading.ac.uk
RI Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov,
Eugene/A-9857-2012; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/F-4079-2010; Bodeker,
Greg/A-8870-2008; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Hawkins,
Ed/B-7921-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki,
slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke,
Peter/D-8330-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Waugh,
Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016
OI Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292;
Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Dhomse,
Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488;
Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220; Bodeker,
Greg/0000-0003-1094-5852; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149;
Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800;
Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Braesicke,
Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Waugh,
Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578
FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]
FX This work was carried out as part of the ongoing CCMVal2 project. We
acknowledge the support of Martine Michou and Hubert Teyssedre
(CNRM-ACM, Meteo-France) and John Austin (AMTRAC3, GFDL) for supplying
model data from the REF-B2 runs along with the support of the many
scientists who contributed analysis and data to the SPARC CCMVal report
which allowed us to make rapid progress on understanding the different
model simulations. We also acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data
Centre for providing the data archive for the simulations. CCSRNIES
research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund of the
Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071) and the simulations were
completed with the super computer at CGER, NIES. The MRI simulation was
made with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental
Studies, Japan.
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 19
BP 9473
EP 9486
DI 10.5194/acp-10-9473-2010
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 665WG
UT WOS:000283066300016
ER
PT J
AU Warner, JX
Wei, Z
Strow, LL
Barnet, CD
Sparling, LC
Diskin, G
Sachse, G
AF Warner, J. X.
Wei, Z.
Strow, L. L.
Barnet, C. D.
Sparling, L. C.
Diskin, G.
Sachse, G.
TI Improved agreement of AIRS tropospheric carbon monoxide products with
other EOS sensors using optimal estimation retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NADIR RETRIEVALS; SPRING 2006; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; MOPITT; TES; CO;
MISSION; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; VARIABILITY
AB We present in this paper an alternative retrieval algorithm for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) tropospheric Carbon Monoxide (CO) products using the Optimal Estimation (OE) technique, which is different from the AIRS operational algorithm. The primary objective for this study was to compare AIRS CO, as well as the other retrieval properties such as the Averaging Kernels (AKs), the Degrees of Freedom for Signal (DOFS), and the error covariance matrix, against the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO, which were also derived using the OE technique. We also demonstrate that AIRS OE CO results are much more realistic than AIRS V5 operational CO, especially in the lower troposphere and in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). These products are validated with in situ profiles obtained by the Differential Absorption Carbon Monoxide Measurements (DACOM), which took place as part of NASA's Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) field mission that was conducted over the northern Pacific in Spring 2006. To demonstrate the differences existing in the current operational products we first show a detailed direct comparison between AIRS V5 and TES operational V3 CO for the global datasets from December 2005 to July 2008. We then present global CO comparisons between AIRS OE, TES V3, and MOPITT V4 at selected pressure levels as well as for the total column amounts. We conclude that the tropospheric CO retrievals from AIRS OE and TES V3 agree to within 5-10 ppbv or 5% on average globally and throughout the free troposphere. The agreements in total column CO amounts between AIRS OE and MOPITT V4 have improved significantly compared to AIRS V5 with global relative RMS differences now being 12.7%.
C1 [Warner, J. X.; Wei, Z.; Strow, L. L.; Sparling, L. C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Barnet, C. D.] NOAA NESDIS ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Diskin, G.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23693 USA.
RP Warner, JX (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, 5523 Res Pk Dr,Suite 320, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM juying@umbc.edu
RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010
FU NASA [NNX07AM45G, NNG06GB04G]
FX This study was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Program
(NNX07AM45G) and the Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program (NNG06GB04G).
We acknowledge the AIRS, TES, and MOPITT Science Teams for the satellite
products used in this study. We also acknowledge the INTEX-B Science
Team for providing high quality in situ measurements.
NR 40
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 19
BP 9521
EP 9533
DI 10.5194/acp-10-9521-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 665WG
UT WOS:000283066300019
ER
PT J
AU Zinner, T
Wind, G
Platnick, S
Ackerman, AS
AF Zinner, T.
Wind, G.
Platnick, S.
Ackerman, A. S.
TI Testing remote sensing on artificial observations: impact of drizzle and
3-D cloud structure on effective radius retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS;
OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; STRATOCUMULUS; MODIS;
UNCERTAINTIES; SCATTERING; EXAMPLES
AB Remote sensing of cloud effective particle size with passive sensors like the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is an important tool for cloud microphysical studies. As a measure of the radiatively relevant droplet size, effective radius can be retrieved with different combinations of visible through shortwave and midwave infrared channels. In practice, retrieved effective radii from these combinations can be quite different. This difference is perhaps indicative of different penetration depths and path lengths for the spectral reflectances used. In addition, operational liquid water cloud retrievals are based on the assumption of a relatively narrow distribution of droplet sizes; the role of larger precipitation particles in these distributions is neglected. Therefore, possible explanations for the discrepancy in some MODIS spectral size retrievals could include 3-D radiative transport effects, including sub-pixel cloud inhomogeneity, and/or the impact of drizzle formation.
For three cloud cases the possible factors of influence are isolated and investigated in detail by the use of simulated cloud scenes and synthetic satellite data: marine boundary layer cloud scenes from large eddy simulations (LES) with detailed microphysics are combined with Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations that explicitly account for the detailed droplet size distributions as well as 3-D radiative transfer to simulate MODIS observations. The operational MODIS optical thickness and effective radius retrieval algorithm is applied to these and the results are compared to the given LES microphysics.
We investigate two types of marine cloud situations each with and without drizzle from LES simulations: (1) a typical daytime stratocumulus deck at two times in the diurnal cycle and (2) one scene with scattered cumulus. Only small impact of drizzle formation on the retrieved domain average and on the differences between the three effective radius retrievals is noticed for both cloud scene types for different reasons. For our, presumably typical, overcast stratocumulus scenes with an optical thickness of 8 to 9 and rain rates at cloud bottom up to 0.05 mm/h clear drizzle impact on the retrievals can be excluded. The cumulus scene does not show much drizzle sensitivity either despite extended drizzle areas being directly visible from above (locally >1 mm/h), which is mainly due to technical characteristics of the standard retrieval approach. 3-D effects, on the other hand, produce large discrepancies between the 1.6 and 2.1 mu m channel observations compared to 3.7 mu m retrievals in the latter case. A general sensitivity of MODIS particle size data to drizzle formation is not corroborated by our case studies.
C1 [Zinner, T.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Wind, G.; Platnick, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ackerman, A. S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Zinner, T (reprint author), Univ Munich, Munich, Germany.
EM tobias.zinner@lmu.de
RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Zinner,
Tobias/B-8991-2013
OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Platnick,
Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567;
FU German Research Foundation (DFG); NASA
FX T. Zinner was supported by a German Research Foundation (DFG) Fellowship
and the NASA visiting scientists program. We thank M. Hagen for his
helpful comments and two anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews
which helped to improve the final manuscript.
NR 30
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 19
BP 9535
EP 9549
DI 10.5194/acp-10-9535-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 665WG
UT WOS:000283066300020
ER
PT J
AU Alvarado, MJ
Logan, JA
Mao, J
Apel, E
Riemer, D
Blake, D
Cohen, RC
Min, KE
Perring, AE
Browne, EC
Wooldridge, PJ
Diskin, GS
Sachse, GW
Fuelberg, H
Sessions, WR
Harrigan, DL
Huey, G
Liao, J
Case-Hanks, A
Jimenez, JL
Cubison, MJ
Vay, SA
Weinheimer, AJ
Knapp, DJ
Montzka, DD
Flocke, FM
Pollack, IB
Wennberg, PO
Kurten, A
Crounse, J
St Clair, JM
Wisthaler, A
Mikoviny, T
Yantosca, RM
Carouge, CC
Le Sager, P
AF Alvarado, M. J.
Logan, J. A.
Mao, J.
Apel, E.
Riemer, D.
Blake, D.
Cohen, R. C.
Min, K-E
Perring, A. E.
Browne, E. C.
Wooldridge, P. J.
Diskin, G. S.
Sachse, G. W.
Fuelberg, H.
Sessions, W. R.
Harrigan, D. L.
Huey, G.
Liao, J.
Case-Hanks, A.
Jimenez, J. L.
Cubison, M. J.
Vay, S. A.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Knapp, D. J.
Montzka, D. D.
Flocke, F. M.
Pollack, I. B.
Wennberg, P. O.
Kurten, A.
Crounse, J.
St Clair, J. M.
Wisthaler, A.
Mikoviny, T.
Yantosca, R. M.
Carouge, C. C.
Le Sager, P.
TI Nitrogen oxides and PAN in plumes from boreal fires during ARCTAS-B and
their impact on ozone: an integrated analysis of aircraft and satellite
observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; HIGH NORTHERN
LATITUDES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; ACCURATE
SIMULATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE
AB We determine enhancement ratios for NOx, PAN, and other NOy species from boreal biomass burning using aircraft data obtained during the ARCTAS-B campaign and examine the impact of these emissions on tropospheric ozone in the Arctic. We find an initial emission factor for NOx of 1.06 g NO per kg dry matter (DM) burned, much lower than previous observations of boreal plumes, and also one third the value recommended for extratropical fires. Our analysis provides the first observational confirmation of rapid PAN formation in a boreal smoke plume, with 40% of the initial NOx emissions being converted to PAN in the first few hours after emission. We find little clear evidence for ozone formation in the boreal smoke plumes during ARCTAS-B in either aircraft or satellite observations, or in model simulations. Only a third of the smoke plumes observed by the NASA DC8 showed a correlation between ozone and CO, and ozone was depleted in the plumes as often as it was enhanced. Special observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) also show little evidence for enhanced ozone in boreal smoke plumes between 15 June and 15 July 2008. Of the 22 plumes observed by TES, only 4 showed ozone increasing within the smoke plumes, and even in those cases it was unclear that the increase was caused by fire emissions. Using the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model, we show that boreal fires during ARCTAS-B had little impact on the median ozone profile measured over Canada, and had little impact on ozone within the smoke plumes observed by TES.
C1 [Alvarado, M. J.; Logan, J. A.; Mao, J.; Yantosca, R. M.; Carouge, C. C.; Le Sager, P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Apel, E.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Knapp, D. J.; Montzka, D. D.; Flocke, F. M.; Pollack, I. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
[Cohen, R. C.; Min, K-E; Perring, A. E.; Browne, E. C.; Wooldridge, P. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Diskin, G. S.; Sachse, G. W.; Vay, S. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Fuelberg, H.; Sessions, W. R.; Harrigan, D. L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Huey, G.; Liao, J.; Case-Hanks, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.; Kurten, A.; Crounse, J.; St Clair, J. M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
RP Alvarado, MJ (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA.
EM matthew.alvarado@aer.com
RI Browne, Eleanor/J-4517-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Perring,
Anne/G-4597-2013; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Min, Kyung-Eun/I-2839-2013;
Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Mao,
Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Crounse,
John/E-4622-2011; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Sessions,
Walter/O-8096-2014; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Pollack,
Ilana/F-9875-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X;
Kurten, Andreas/0000-0002-8955-4450; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503;
Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870;
Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Sessions,
Walter/0000-0002-5376-4894;
FU NASA [NNX09AC51G, NBNX08AD39G]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency;
Tiroler Zukunftstiftung
FX We thank all of the members of the ARCTAS Science Team and the TES
Science Team for their work. We thank D. J. Jacob, J. A. Fisher, and Q.
Wang of Harvard and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
This research was supported by NASA grant NNX09AC51G to Harvard
University (MJA and JAL) and NASA grant NBNX08AD39G to the University of
Colorado (MJC and JLJ). PTR-MS measurements were supported by the
Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung
and the research groups led by A. Hansel and T. D. Mark.
NR 62
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Z9 85
U1 1
U2 35
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 20
BP 9739
EP 9760
DI 10.5194/acp-10-9739-2010
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673LH
UT WOS:000283663000002
ER
PT J
AU Randles, CA
Ramaswamy, V
AF Randles, C. A.
Ramaswamy, V.
TI Direct and semi-direct impacts of absorbing biomass burning aerosol on
the climate of southern Africa: a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GCM sensitivity study
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SAFARI 2000; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL;
MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SIMULATION; ANOMALIES; AERONET; MODELS; CLOUDS
AB Tropospheric aerosols emitted from biomass burning reduce solar radiation at the surface and locally heat the atmosphere. Equilibrium simulations using an atmospheric general circulation model (GFDL AGCM) indicate that strong atmospheric absorption from these particles can cool the surface and increase upward motion and low-level convergence over southern Africa during the dry season. These changes increase sea level pressure over land in the biomass burning region and spin-up the hydrologic cycle by increasing clouds, atmospheric water vapor, and, to a lesser extent, precipitation. Cloud increases serve to reinforce the surface radiative cooling tendency of the aerosol. Conversely, if the climate over southern Africa were hypothetically forced by high loadings of scattering aerosol, then the change in the low-level circulation and increased subsidence would serve to decrease clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. Surface cooling associated with scattering-only aerosols is mitigated by warming from cloud decreases. The direct and semi-direct climate impacts of biomass burning aerosol over southern Africa are sensitive to the total amount of aerosol absorption and how clouds change in response to the aerosol-induced heating of the atmosphere.
C1 [Randles, C. A.; Ramaswamy, V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Randles, CA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM crandles@umbc.edu
RI Randles, Cynthia/B-6972-2013
FU Department of Energy (DOE); Princeton AOS program
FX The authors thank Paul Ginoux and Hiram Levy II for thoughtful comments
on the manuscript. We thank Omar Torres for providing daily EP-TOMS
retrievals of AOD and SSA for 2000 and the AERONET investigators and
their staff for establishing and maintaining the 18 sites used in this
investigation. We also thank the four anonymous reviewers for their
constructive comments that have improved this work. CAR acknowledges
funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) Graduate Research
Environmental Fellowship (GREF) and the Princeton AOS program.
NR 44
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Z9 15
U1 3
U2 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 20
BP 9819
EP 9831
DI 10.5194/acp-10-9819-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673LH
UT WOS:000283663000007
ER
PT J
AU Boxe, CS
Worden, JR
Bowman, KW
Kulawik, SS
Neu, JL
Ford, WC
Osterman, GB
Herman, RL
Eldering, A
Tarasick, DW
Thompson, AM
Doughty, DC
Hoffmann, MR
Oltmans, SJ
AF Boxe, C. S.
Worden, J. R.
Bowman, K. W.
Kulawik, S. S.
Neu, J. L.
Ford, W. C.
Osterman, G. B.
Herman, R. L.
Eldering, A.
Tarasick, D. W.
Thompson, A. M.
Doughty, D. C.
Hoffmann, M. R.
Oltmans, S. J.
TI Validation of northern latitude Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer stare
ozone profiles with ARC-IONS sondes during ARCTAS: sensitivity, bias and
error analysis
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TOMS MEASUREMENTS; AURA MISSION; SATELLITE; RETRIEVAL; TES; CONVECTION;
MODEL; SCALE
AB We compare Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) versions 3 and 4, V003 and V004, respectively, nadirstare ozone profiles with ozonesonde profiles from the Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study (ARCIONS, http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/arcions/) during the Arctic Research on the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field mission. The ozonesonde data are from launches timed to match Aura's overpass, where 11 coincidences spanned 44 degrees N to 71 degrees N from April to July 2008. Using the TES "stare" observation mode, 32 observations are taken over each coincidental ozonesonde launch. By effectively sampling the same air mass 32 times, comparisons are made between the empirically-calculated random errors to the expected random errors from measurement noise, temperature and interfering species, such as water. This study represents the first validation of high latitude (>70 degrees) TES ozone. We find that the calculated errors are consistent with the actual errors with a similar vertical distribution that varies between 5% and 20% for V003 and V004 TES data. In general, TES ozone profiles are positively biased (by less than 15%) from the surface to the upper-troposphere (similar to 1000 to 100 hPa) and negatively biased (by less than 20%) from the upper-troposphere to the lower-stratosphere (100 to 30 hPa) when compared to the ozonesonde data. Lastly, for V003 and V004 TES data between 44 degrees N and 71 degrees N there is variability in the mean biases (from -14 to +15%), mean theoretical errors (from 6 to 13%), and mean random errors (from 9 to 19%).
C1 [Boxe, C. S.; Ford, W. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.; Doughty, D. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Boxe, CS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM christopher.boxe@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014;
OI Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920;
Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The work described here is performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contracts with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 44
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U1 0
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 20
BP 9901
EP 9914
DI 10.5194/acp-10-9901-2010
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673LH
UT WOS:000283663000012
ER
PT J
AU Zander, R
Duchatelet, P
Mahieu, E
Demoulin, P
Roland, G
Servais, C
Auwera, JV
Perrin, A
Rinsland, CP
Crutzen, PJ
AF Zander, R.
Duchatelet, P.
Mahieu, E.
Demoulin, P.
Roland, G.
Servais, C.
Auwera, J. V.
Perrin, A.
Rinsland, C. P.
Crutzen, P. J.
TI Formic acid above the Jungfraujoch during 1985-2007: observed
variability, seasonality, but no long-term background evolution
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; ALPINE SITE JUNGFRAUJOCH; WESTERN
PACIFIC-OCEAN; ACETIC-ACIDS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS;
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PEM-WEST
AB This paper reports on daytime total vertical column abundances of formic acid (HCOOH) above the Northern mid-latitude, high altitude Jungfraujoch station (Switzerland; 46.5 degrees N, 8.0 degrees E, 3580 m alt.). The columns were derived from the analysis of infrared solar observations regularly performed with high spectral resolution Fourier transform spectrometers during over 1500 days between September 1985 and September 2007. The investigation was based on the spectrometric fitting of five spectral intervals, one encompassing the HCOOH nu(6) band Q branch at 1105 cm(-1), and four additional ones allowing to optimally account for critical temperature-sensitive or time-evolving interferences by other atmospheric gases, in particular HDO, CCl2F2 and CHClF2. The main results derived from the 22 years long database indicate that the free tropospheric burden of HCOOH above the Jungfraujoch undergoes important short-term daytime variability, diurnal and seasonal modulations, inter-annual anomalies, but no significant long-term background change.
A major progress in the remote determination of the atmospheric HCOOH columns reported here has resulted from the adoption of new, improved absolute spectral line intensities for the infrared nu(6) band of trans-formic acid, resulting in retrieved free tropospheric loadings being about a factor two smaller than if derived with previous spectroscopic parameters. Implications of this significant change with regard to earlier remote measurements of atmospheric formic acid and comparison with relevant Northern mid-latitude findings, both in situ and remote, will be assessed critically. Sparse HCOOH model predictions will also be evoked and assessed with respect to findings reported here.
C1 [Zander, R.; Duchatelet, P.; Mahieu, E.; Demoulin, P.; Roland, G.; Servais, C.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
[Auwera, J. V.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Perrin, A.] Univ Paris Est Creteil & Paris 7, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France.
[Rinsland, C. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Crutzen, P. J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Airchem Div, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
RP Duchatelet, P (reprint author), Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
EM p.duchatelet@ulg.ac.be
RI Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012;
OI Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286
FU Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Brussels; Belgian Fonds National
de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels; Belgian Communaute Francaise,
Brussels; European Commission, Brussels; Belgian Fonds de la Recherche
Scientifique; Actions de Recherches Concertees of the Communaute
Francaise de Belgique; INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de
l'Univers); NASA
FX This work is part of an overall atmospheric monitoring effort conducted
at the University of Liege and primarily financed by the Belgian Federal
Science Policy Office, the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche
Scientifique, the Belgian Communaute Francaise, and the European
Commission, all in Brussels. We thank all colleagues and collaborators
who have contributed to the decades long production of the database used
here, and to the operation and upgrading of the Liege laboratory at the
Jungfraujoch. Thanks are also extended to colleagues from the Royal
Observatory of Belgium and from the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy
for their participation to intensive observational campaigns.
Acknowledgements further go to the Swiss Jungfraubahnen for their
continuous maintenance of and year-round access to the Jungfraujoch
Station, as well as to the HFSJG Directorate for the logistic management
of the numerous researches conducted at the Jungfraujoch site. The
affiliation of the Jungfraujoch site to the International Network for
the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDSCC) since 1989 has
significantly boosted the implication of the University of Liege group
in monitoring Earth's atmospheric composition changes, while further
providing overall international visibility of various research
activities performed at that site. J. VDA acknowledges financial support
from the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (contracts FRFC and
IISN), and the Actions de Recherches Concertees of the Communaute
Francaise de Belgique. A. P. gratefully acknowledges financial support
from INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers). Analysis
at the NASA Langley Research Center was supported by NASA's Upper
Atmospheric Chemistry and Modeling Program (ACMAP) and Upper Atmospheric
Research Program (UARP). We finally thank two designated referees whose
remarks and suggestions have allowed clarifying various aspects raised
in this research.
NR 81
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Z9 9
U1 1
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 20
BP 10047
EP 10065
DI 10.5194/acp-10-10047-2010
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673LH
UT WOS:000283663000024
ER
PT J
AU Damiani, A
Storini, M
Santee, ML
Wang, S
AF Damiani, A.
Storini, M.
Santee, M. L.
Wang, S.
TI Variability of the nighttime OH layer and mesospheric ozone at high
latitudes during northern winter: influence of meteorology
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; POLAR WINTERS; AURA-MLS;
STRATOSPHERE; SATELLITE; ENHANCEMENTS; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION
AB Analyses of OH zonal means, recorded at boreal high latitudes by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in winters of 2005-2009, have shown medium- (weeks) and short- (days) term variability of the nighttime OH layer.
Because of the exceptional descent of air from the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region, medium-term variability occurred during February 2006 and February/ March 2009. The layer normally situated at about 82 km descended by about 5-7 km, and its density increased to more than twice January values. In these periods and location the abundance of the lowered OH layer is comparable to the OH values induced by Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) forcing (e. g., SEP events of January 2005) at the same altitudes. In both years, the descent of the OH layer was coupled with increased mesospheric temperatures, elevated carbon monoxide and an almost complete disappearance of ozone at the altitude of the descended layer (which was not observed in other years). Moreover, under these exceptional atmospheric conditions, the third ozone peak, normally at about 72 km, is shown to descend about 5 km to lower altitude and increase in magnitude, with maximum values recorded during February 2009.
Short-term variability occurred during Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events, in particular in January 2006, February 2008 and January 2009, when dynamics led to a smaller abundance of the OH layer at its typical altitude. During these periods, there was an upward displacement of the OH layer coupled to changes in ozone and carbon monoxide. These perturbations were the strongest during the SSW of January 2009; coincident upper mesospheric temperatures were the lowest recorded over the late winters of 2005-2009. Finally, the series of SSW events that occurred in late January/February 2008 induced noticeable short-term variability in ozone at altitudes of both the ozone minimum and the third ozone peak.
These phenomena, confined inside the polar vortex, are an additional tool that can be used to investigate mesospheric vortex dynamics.
C1 [Damiani, A.; Storini, M.] INAF, Inst Interplanetary Space Phys, Rome, Italy.
[Santee, M. L.; Wang, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Damiani, A (reprint author), Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Phys, Santiago, Chile.
EM alessandro.damiani@ifsi-roma.inaf.it
FU ASI [I/015/07/0]; PNRA of Italy; Spanish CSIC [200950I081]; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This work was supported by ASI contract I/015/07/0 (ESS2 Project) and
PNRA of Italy. A. D. also acknowledges support from project 200950I081
of the Spanish CSIC. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 50
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U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 21
BP 10291
EP 10303
DI 10.5194/acp-10-10291-2010
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680CQ
UT WOS:000284210400009
ER
PT J
AU Levy, RC
Remer, LA
Kleidman, RG
Mattoo, S
Ichoku, C
Kahn, R
Eck, TF
AF Levy, R. C.
Remer, L. A.
Kleidman, R. G.
Mattoo, S.
Ichoku, C.
Kahn, R.
Eck, T. F.
TI Global evaluation of the Collection 5 MODIS dark-target aerosol products
over land
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNIFIED SATELLITE CLIMATOLOGY; OPTICAL DEPTH; CLOUD; REFLECTANCE;
RETRIEVAL; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; AERONET; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT
AB NASA's MODIS sensors have been observing the Earth from polar orbit, from Terra since early 2000 and from Aqua since mid 2002. We have applied a consistent retrieval and processing algorithm to both sensors to derive the Collection 5 (C005) dark-target aerosol products over land. Here, we validate the MODIS along-orbit Level 2 products by comparing to quality assured Level 2 AERONET sunphotometer measurements at over 300 sites. From 85 463 collocations, representing mutually cloud-free conditions, we find that >66% (one standard deviation) of MODIS-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) values compare to AERONET-observed values within an expected error (EE) envelope of +/-(0.05 + 15%), with high correlation (R = 0.9). Thus, the MODIS AOD product is validated and quantitative. However, even though we can define EEs for MODIS-reported Angstrom exponent and fine AOD over land, these products do not have similar physical validity. Although validated globally, MODIS-retrieved AOD does not fall within the EE envelope everywhere. We characterize some of the residual biases that are related to specific aerosol conditions, observation geometry, and/or surface properties, and relate them to situations where particular MODIS algorithm assumptions are violated. Both Terra's and Aqua's-retrieved AOD are similarly comparable to AERONET, however, Terra's global AOD bias changes with time, overestimating (by similar to 0.005) before 2004, and underestimating by similar magnitude after. This suggests how small calibration uncertainties of <2% can lead to spurious conclusions about long-term aerosol trends.
C1 [Levy, R. C.; Kleidman, R. G.; Mattoo, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Levy, R. C.; Remer, L. A.; Kleidman, R. G.; Mattoo, S.; Ichoku, C.; Kahn, R.; Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Eck, T. F.] Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Levy, RC (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
EM robert.c.levy@nasa.gov
RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Ichoku, Charles/E-1857-2012; Levy,
Robert/M-7764-2013; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012
OI Ichoku, Charles/0000-0003-3244-4549; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303;
Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359
FU NASA [NNH06ZDA001N-EOS]
FX We are deeply grateful to the many AERONET Principal Investigators and
site managers; without their attention to detail, this study would not
exist. This work has been funded by NASA research announcement
NNH06ZDA001N-EOS, managed by Hal Maring.
NR 65
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Z9 411
U1 14
U2 72
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 21
BP 10399
EP 10420
DI 10.5194/acp-10-10399-2010
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680CQ
UT WOS:000284210400016
ER
PT J
AU van Gijsel, JAE
Swart, DPJ
Baray, JL
Bencherif, H
Claude, H
Fehr, T
Godin-Beekmann, S
Hansen, GH
Keckhut, P
Leblanc, T
McDermid, IS
Meijer, YJ
Nakane, H
Quel, EJ
Stebel, K
Steinbrecht, W
Strawbridge, KB
Tatarov, BI
Wolfram, EA
AF van Gijsel, J. A. E.
Swart, D. P. J.
Baray, J. -L.
Bencherif, H.
Claude, H.
Fehr, T.
Godin-Beekmann, S.
Hansen, G. H.
Keckhut, P.
Leblanc, T.
McDermid, I. S.
Meijer, Y. J.
Nakane, H.
Quel, E. J.
Stebel, K.
Steinbrecht, W.
Strawbridge, K. B.
Tatarov, B. I.
Wolfram, E. A.
TI GOMOS ozone profile validation using ground-based and balloon sonde
measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; STRATOSPHERIC CHANGE; ENVISAT-GOMOS;
TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; OZONESONDES; SCIAMACHY; NETWORK; MIPAS;
INSTRUMENTS
AB The validation of ozone profiles retrieved by satellite instruments through comparison with data from ground-based instruments is important to monitor the evolution of the satellite instrument, to assist algorithm development and to allow multi-mission trend analyses.
In this study we compare ozone profiles derived from GO-MOS night-time observations with measurements from lidar, microwave radiometer and balloon sonde. Collocated pairs are analysed for dependence on several geophysical and instrument observational parameters. Validation results are presented for the operational ESA level 2 data (GOMOS version 5.00) obtained during nearly seven years of observations and a comparison using a smaller dataset from the previous processor (version 4.02) is also included.
The profiles obtained from dark limb measurements (solar zenith angle >107 degrees) when the provided processing flag is properly considered match the ground-based measurements within +/- 2 percent over the altitude range 20 to 40 km. Outside this range, the pairs start to deviate more and there is a latitudinal dependence: in the polar region where there is a higher amount of straylight contamination, differences start to occur lower in the mesosphere than in the tropics, whereas for the lower part of the stratosphere the opposite happens: the profiles in the tropics reach less far down as the signal reduces faster because of the higher altitude at which the maximum ozone concentration is found compared to the mid and polar latitudes. Also the bias is shifting from mostly negative in the polar region to more positive in the tropics
Profiles measured under "twilight" conditions are often matching the ground-based measurements very well, but care has to be taken in all cases when dealing with "straylight" contaminated profiles.
For the selection criteria applied here (data within 800 km, 3 degrees in equivalent latitude, 20 h (5 h above 50 km) and a relative ozone error in the GOMOS data of 20% or less), no dependence was found on stellar magnitude, star temperature, nor the azimuth angle of the line of sight. No evidence of a temporal trend was seen either in the bias or frequency of outliers, but a comparison applying less strict data selection criteria might show differently.
C1 [van Gijsel, J. A. E.; Swart, D. P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Ctr Environm Monitoring, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
[Baray, J. -L.; Bencherif, H.] Univ La Reunion, St Denis, France.
[Claude, H.; Steinbrecht, W.] German Weather Serv DWD, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.
[Fehr, T.; Meijer, Y. J.] European Space Agcy ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy.
[Godin-Beekmann, S.] CNRS UPMC UVSQ, Paris, France.
[Hansen, G. H.; Stebel, K.] Norwegian Air Res Inst NILU, Tromso, Norway.
[Keckhut, P.] Lab Atmospheres Milieux Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Verrieres Le Buisson, France.
[Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] Table Mt Facil, CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA.
[Nakane, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Asian Environm Res Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Quel, E. J.; Wolfram, E. A.] CITEFA CONICET, Laser & Applicat Res Ctr CEILAP, Villa Martelli, Argentina.
[Tatarov, B. I.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Atmospher Remote Sensing Sect, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP van Gijsel, JAE (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Ctr Environm Monitoring, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
EM anne.van.gijsel@rivm.nl
RI van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010;
Stebel, Kerstin/F-6465-2013
OI Nakane, Hideaki/0000-0002-9032-6105; Steinbrecht,
Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Stebel, Kerstin/0000-0002-6935-7564
NR 50
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 21
BP 10473
EP 10488
DI 10.5194/acp-10-10473-2010
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680CQ
UT WOS:000284210400020
ER
PT J
AU Pommier, M
Law, KS
Clerbaux, C
Turquety, S
Hurtmans, D
Hadji-Lazaro, J
Coheur, PF
Schlager, H
Ancellet, G
Paris, JD
Nedelec, P
Diskin, GS
Podolske, JR
Holloway, JS
Bernath, P
AF Pommier, M.
Law, K. S.
Clerbaux, C.
Turquety, S.
Hurtmans, D.
Hadji-Lazaro, J.
Coheur, P-F
Schlager, H.
Ancellet, G.
Paris, J-D
Nedelec, P.
Diskin, G. S.
Podolske, J. R.
Holloway, J. S.
Bernath, P.
TI IASI carbon monoxide validation over the Arctic during POLARCAT spring
and summer campaigns
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ACE-FTS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; TROPOSPHERIC
OZONE; CO; IASI/METOP; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; RETRIEVALS
AB In this paper, we provide a detailed comparison between carbon monoxide (CO) data measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/MetOp and aircraft observations over the Arctic. The CO measurements were obtained during North American (NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC) and European campaigns (POLARCAT-France, POLARCAT-GRACE and YAK-AEROSIB) as part of the International Polar Year (IPY) POLARCAT activity in spring and summer 2008. During the campaigns different air masses were sampled including clean air, polluted plumes originating from anthropogenic sources in Europe, Asia and North America, and forest fire plumes originating from Siberia and Canada. The paper illustrates that CO-rich plumes following different transport pathways were well captured by the IASI instrument, in particular due to the high spatial coverage of IASI. The comparison between IASI CO total columns, 0-5 km partial columns and profiles with collocated aircraft data was achieved by taking into account the different sensitivity and geometry of the sounding instruments. A detailed analysis is provided and the agreement is discussed in terms of information content and surface properties at the location of the observations. For profiles, the data were found to be in good agreement in spring with differences lower than 17%, whereas in summer the difference can reach 20% for IASI profiles below 8 km for polluted cases. For total columns the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.74 (from 0.47 to 0.77 for partial columns) in spring and from 0.26 to 0.84 (from 0.66 to 0.88 for partial columns) in summer. A better agreement is seen over the sea in spring (0.73 for total column and 0.78 for partial column) and over the land in summer (0.69 for total columns and 0.81 for partial columns). The IASI vertical sensitivity was better over land than over sea, and better over land than over sea ice and snow allowing a higher potential to detect CO vertical distribution during summer.
C1 [Pommier, M.; Law, K. S.; Clerbaux, C.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR 8190, Paris, France.
[Turquety, S.] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CNRS, LMD IPSL,UMR 8539, Palaiseau, France.
[Clerbaux, C.; Hurtmans, D.; Coheur, P-F] Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
[Schlager, H.] DLR, Inst Phys & Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Paris, J-D] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, Saclay, France.
[Nedelec, P.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, LA, CNRS,UMR 5560, Toulouse, France.
[Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Podolske, J. R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bernath, P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
RP Pommier, M (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR 8190, Paris, France.
EM matthieu.pommier@latmos.ipsl.fr
RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; clerbaux,
cathy/I-5478-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594;
FU CNES (Centre national d'Etudes Spatiales); NOVELTIS; "Actions de
Recherche Concertees" (Communaute Francaise); Fonds National de la
Recherche Scientifique [FRS-FNRS F.4511.08]; Belgian State Federal
Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space
Agency [ESA-Prodex C90-327]; French ANR; CNES; CNRS-INSU (LEFE-CHAT);
IPEV; EUFAR; DLR; CNRS-DRI (France); French Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
CEA (France); POLARCAT France/Norway; RAS (Russia); RFBR (Russia);
Canadian Space Agency; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
FX M. Pommier was supported by a grant from CNES (Centre national d'Etudes
Spatiales) and by NOVELTIS. IASI was developed and built under the
responsibility of CNES and flies onboard the MetOp satellite as part of
the Eumetsat Polar system. The IASI L1 data are received through the
Eumetcast near real time data distribution service. IASI L1 and L2 data
are stored in the Ether French atmospheric database
(http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr). We thank Raphael Adam de Villiers for
his contribution to this work. The research in Belgium was funded by the
"Actions de Recherche Concertees" (Communaute Francaise), the Fonds
National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS F.4511.08), the Belgian
State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs and
the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex C90-327). POLARCAT-France was
funded by French ANR, CNES, CNRS-INSU (LEFE-CHAT), IPEV and also EUFAR.
POLARCAT-GRACE was funded by DLR. The YAK-AEROSIB campaigns were funded
by the CNRS-DRI (France), the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CEA
(France), POLARCAT France/Norway, RAS (Russia) and RFBR (Russia), and
operated in collaboration with IAO-SB-RAS, Tomsk, Russia. The ACE
mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency and the UK
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The authors are grateful to
CNRS-INSU for publication support.
NR 50
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 21
BP 10655
EP 10678
DI 10.5194/acp-10-10655-2010
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680CQ
UT WOS:000284210400029
ER
PT J
AU Lihavainen, H
Kerminen, VM
Remer, LA
AF Lihavainen, H.
Kerminen, V. -M.
Remer, L. A.
TI Aerosol-cloud interaction determined by both in situ and satellite data
over a northern high-latitude site
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCTIC BACKGROUND SITE; EXPERIMENT 2ND PACE; DROPLET ACTIVATION;
PARTICLE FORMATION; SIZE; FINLAND; REGIONS; REGIMES; MODELS; NUMBER
AB The first aerosol indirect effect over a clean, northern high-latitude site was investigated by determining the aerosol cloud interaction (ACI) using three different approaches; ground-based in situ measurements, combined ground-based in situ measurements and satellite retrievals and using only satellite retrievals. The obtained values of ACI were highest for in situ ground-based data, clearly lower for combined ground-based and satellite data, and lowest for data relying solely on satellite retrievals. One of the key findings of this study was the high sensitivity of ACI to the definition of the aerosol burden. We showed that at least a part of the variability in ACI can be explained by how different investigators have related different cloud properties to "aerosol burden".
C1 [Lihavainen, H.; Kerminen, V. -M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Lihavainen, H (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
EM heikki.lihavainen@fmi.fi
RI Kerminen, Veli-Matti/M-9026-2014; Lihavainen, Heikki/N-4840-2014
FU Academy of Finland Center of Excellence [1118615]; European Commission
[036833-2]; Academy of Finland [126276]
FX Authors would like to thank you Academy of Finland Center of Excellence
program (project number 1118615), Academy of Finland Researcher training
and research abroad program (project number 126276) and European
Commissions 6th Framework project EUCAARI (European Integrated project
on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions, No. 036833-2) for
financial support.
NR 37
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 22
BP 10987
EP 10995
DI 10.5194/acp-10-10987-2010
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 687EG
UT WOS:000284759500018
ER
PT J
AU Morris, GA
Thompson, AM
Pickering, KE
Chen, S
Bucsela, EJ
Kucera, PA
AF Morris, G. A.
Thompson, A. M.
Pickering, K. E.
Chen, S.
Bucsela, E. J.
Kucera, P. A.
TI Observations of ozone production in a dissipating tropical convective
cell during TC4
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHTNING-PRODUCED NOX; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MONITORING INSTRUMENT;
NITROGEN-FIXATION; ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; DEEP CONVECTION;
AIR-POLLUTANTS; MEXICO-CITY; TRANSPORT; THUNDERSTORMS
AB From 13 July-9 August 2007, 25 ozonesondes were launched from Las Tablas, Panama as part of the Tropical Composition, Cloud, and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission. On 5 August, a strong convective cell formed in the Gulf of Panama. World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data indicated 563 flashes (09: 00-17: 00 UTC) in the Gulf. NO2 data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) show enhancements, suggesting lightning production of NOx. At 15: 05 UTC, an ozonesonde ascended into the southern edge of the now dissipating convective cell as it moved west across the Azuero Peninsula. The balloon oscillated from 2.5-5.1 km five times (15: 12-17: 00 UTC), providing a unique examination of ozone (O-3) photochemistry on the edge of a convective cell. Ozone increased at a rate of similar to 1.6-4.6 ppbv/hr between the first and last ascent, resulting cell wide in an increase of similar to(2.1-2.5) x 10(6) moles of O-3. This estimate agrees to within a factor of two of our estimates of photochemical lightning O-3 production from the WWLLN flashes, from the radar-inferred lightning flash data, and from the OMI NO2 data (similar to 1.2, similar to 1.0, and similar to 1.7 x 10(6) moles, respectively), though all estimates have large uncertainties. Examination of DC-8 in situ and lidar O-3 data gathered around the Gulf that day suggests 70-97% of the O-3 change occurred in 2.5-5.1 km layer. A photochemical box model initialized with nearby TC4 aircraft trace gas data suggests these O-3 production rates are possible with our present understanding of photochemistry.
C1 [Morris, G. A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.; Chen, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Pickering, K. E.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Bucsela, E. J.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Kucera, P. A.] NCAR, Appl Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Morris, GA (reprint author), Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA.
EM gary.morris@valpo.edu
RI Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014
OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
FU NASA
FX Funding for this work was provided by NASA's Upper Air Research Program
(M. J. Kurylo and K. W. Jucks, program managers). Thanks to the OMI team
for the total column ozone data; to Robert Holzworth for the WWLLN
lightning data; to William Brune (Penn State University) for the
chemical box model; to Ron Cohen, Paul Wooldridge, and Anne Perring
(Univ. of California, Berkeley) for the DC-8 NO and NO2 data;
and to undergraduate students Kelsey Obenour and Danielle Slotke for
helpful calculations. Special thanks to Alex Bryan and David Lutz for
spending a month in the field launching our ozonesondes and to Brett
Taubman (Appalatian State University) for leading the deployment of the
NATIVE trailer. We also would like to thank the reviewers for their
helpful comments for improving our manuscript. Finally, the authors
gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the
provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY
website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php).
NR 90
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Z9 6
U1 2
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 22
BP 11189
EP 11208
DI 10.5194/acp-10-11189-2010
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 687EG
UT WOS:000284759500026
ER
PT J
AU Chiu, JC
Marshak, A
Knyazikhin, Y
Wiscombe, WJ
AF Chiu, J. C.
Marshak, A.
Knyazikhin, Y.
Wiscombe, W. J.
TI Spectrally-invariant behavior of zenith radiance around cloud edges
simulated by radiative transfer
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL CUMULUS CLOUDS; DROPLET SPECTRA; EVOLUTION; HUMIDITY
AB In a previous paper, we discovered a surprising spectrally-invariant relationship in shortwave spectrometer observations taken by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. The relationship suggests that the shortwave spectrum near cloud edges can be determined by a linear combination of zenith radiance spectra of the cloudy and clear regions. Here, using radiative transfer simulations, we study the sensitivity of this relationship to the properties of aerosols and clouds, to the underlying surface type, and to the finite field-of-view (FOV) of the spectrometer. Overall, the relationship is mostly sensitive to cloud properties and has little sensitivity to other factors. At visible wavelengths, the relationship primarily depends on cloud optical depth regardless of cloud phase function, thermodynamic phase and drop size. At water-absorbing wavelengths, the slope of the relationship depends primarily on cloud optical depth; the intercept, by contrast, depends primarily on cloud absorbing and scattering properties, suggesting a new retrieval method for cloud drop effective radius. These results suggest that the spectrally-invariant relationship can be used to infer cloud properties near cloud edges even with insufficient or no knowledge about spectral surface albedo and aerosol properties.
C1 [Chiu, J. C.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Marshak, A.; Wiscombe, W. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Knyazikhin, Y.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA USA.
[Wiscombe, W. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmos Sci Div, New York, NY USA.
RP Chiu, JC (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
EM c.j.chiu@reading.ac.uk
RI Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013
OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913
FU Office of Science [DE-AI02-08ER64562, DE-FG02-08ER64563,
DE-FG02-08ER54564]
FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER, US Department
of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-08ER64562,
DE-FG02-08ER64563, DE-FG02-08ER54564) as part of the ARM program.
NR 23
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U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 22
BP 11295
EP 11303
DI 10.5194/acp-10-11295-2010
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 687EG
UT WOS:000284759500032
ER
PT J
AU van der Werf, GR
Randerson, JT
Giglio, L
Collatz, GJ
Mu, M
Kasibhatla, PS
Morton, DC
DeFries, RS
Jin, Y
van Leeuwen, TT
AF van der Werf, G. R.
Randerson, J. T.
Giglio, L.
Collatz, G. J.
Mu, M.
Kasibhatla, P. S.
Morton, D. C.
DeFries, R. S.
Jin, Y.
van Leeuwen, T. T.
TI Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna,
forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997-2009)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; DIRECT CARBON EMISSIONS; BURNED-AREA;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; SATELLITE DATA; BOREAL
FOREST; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; EQUATORIAL ASIA
AB New burned area datasets and top-down constraints from atmospheric concentration measurements of pyrogenic gases have decreased the large uncertainty in fire emissions estimates. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural waste, and peat fires to total global fire emissions. Here we used a revised version of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model and improved satellite-derived estimates of area burned, fire activity, and plant productivity to calculate fire emissions for the 1997-2009 period on a 0.5 degrees spatial resolution with a monthly time step. For November 2000 onwards, estimates were based on burned area, active fire detections, and plant productivity from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. For the partitioning we focused on the MODIS era. We used maps of burned area derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) active fire data prior to MODIS (1997-2000) and estimates of plant productivity derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations during the same period. Average global fire carbon emissions according to this version 3 of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED3) were 2.0 PgC year(-1) with significant interannual variability during 1997-2001 (2.8 Pg C year(-1) in 1998 and 1.6 PgC year(-1) in 2001). Globally, emissions during 2002-2007 were relatively constant (around 2.1 Pg C year(-1)) before declining in 2008 (1.7 Pg C year(-1)) and 2009 (1.5 Pg C year(-1)) partly due to lower deforestation fire emissions in South America and tropical Asia. On a regional basis, emissions were highly variable during 2002-2007 (e. g., boreal Asia, South America, and Indonesia), but these regional differences canceled out at a global level. During the MODIS era (2001-2009), most carbon emissions were from fires in grasslands and savannas (44%) with smaller contributions from tropical deforestation and degradation fires (20%), woodland fires (mostly confined to the tropics, 16%), forest fires (mostly in the extratropics, 15%), agricultural waste burning (3%), and tropical peat fires (3%). The contribution from agricultural waste fires was likely a lower bound because our approach for measuring burned area could not detect all of these relatively small fires. Total carbon emissions were on average 13% lower than in our previous (GFED2) work. For reduced trace gases such as CO and CH4, deforestation, degradation, and peat fires were more important contributors because of higher emissions of reduced trace gases per unit carbon combusted compared to savanna fires. Carbon emissions from tropical deforestation, degradation, and peatland fires were on average 0.5 Pg C year(-1). The carbon emissions from these fires may not be balanced by regrowth following fire. Our results provide the first global assessment of the contribution of different sources to total global fire emissions for the past decade, and supply the community with an improved 13-year fire emissions time series.
C1 [van der Werf, G. R.; van Leeuwen, T. T.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Randerson, J. T.; Mu, M.; Jin, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
[Giglio, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Giglio, L.; Collatz, G. J.; Morton, D. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kasibhatla, P. S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[DeFries, R. S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA.
RP van der Werf, GR (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM guido.van.der.werf@falw.vu.nl
RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012; van der Werf,
Guido/M-8260-2016;
OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Kasibhatla,
Prasad/0000-0003-3562-3737
FU EU [218793]; NASA [NNX08AF64G, NNX08AE97A, NNX08AL03G]
FX This research was supported by the EU Seventh Research Framework
Programme (MACC project, contract number 218793), and NASA grants
NNX08AF64G, NNX08AE97A, and NNX08AL03G.
NR 117
TC 924
Z9 932
U1 65
U2 360
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 23
BP 11707
EP 11735
DI 10.5194/acp-10-11707-2010
PG 29
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694XJ
UT WOS:000285334900025
ER
PT J
AU Remsberg, E
Lingenfelser, G
AF Remsberg, E.
Lingenfelser, G.
TI Analysis of SAGE II ozone of the middle and upper stratosphere for its
response to a decadal-scale forcing
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-CYCLE; TRENDS; WINTERS; HALOE; 1990S; MODEL
AB Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) Version 6.2 ozone profiles are analyzed for their decadal-scale responses in the middle and upper stratosphere from September 1991 to August 2005. The profile data are averaged within twelve, 20 degrees-wide latitude bins from 55 degrees S to 55 degrees N and at twelve altitudes from 27.5 to 55.0 km. The separate, 14-yr data time series are analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) models that include seasonal, 28 and 21-month, 11-yr sinusoid, and linear trend terms. Proxies are not used for the 28-mo (QBO-like), 11-yr solar uv-flux, or reactive chlorine terms. Instead, the present analysis focuses on the periodic 11-yr terms to see whether they are in-phase with that of a direct, uv-flux forcing or are dominated by some other decadal-scale influence. It is shown that they are in-phase over most of the latitude/altitude domain and that they have max minus min variations between 25 degrees S and 25 degrees N that peak near 4% between 30 and 40 km. Model simulations of the direct effects of uv-flux forcings agree with this finding. The shape of the 11-yr ozone response profile from SAGE II also agrees with that diagnosed for the stratosphere over the same time period from the HALOE data. Ozone in the middle stratosphere of the northern subtropics is perturbed during 1991-1992 following the eruption of Pinatubo, and there are pronounced decadal-scale variations in the ozone of the upper stratosphere for the northern middle latitudes presumably due to dynamical forcings. The 11-yr ozone responses of the Southern Hemisphere appear to be free of those extra influences. The associated linear trend terms from the SAGE II analyses are slightly negative (-2 to -4%/decade) between 35 and 45 km and nearly constant across latitude. This finding is consistent with the fact that ozone is estimated to have decreased by no more than 1.5% due to the increasing chlorine from mid-1992 to about 2000 but with little change thereafter. It is concluded that a satellite, solar occultation measurement provides both the signal sensitivity and the vertical resolution to record the stratospheric ozone response to the forcing from the solar uv-flux, as well as those due to any other long-term changes.
C1 [Remsberg, E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Lingenfelser, G.] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Remsberg, E (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX The SAGE II Version 6.2 data were generated by personnel of the
Radiation and Aerosols Branch of NASA Langley. We thank Randy Moore
(SSAI) for his assistance with the download of the data and for
providing software for reading the archived data. This research was
supported by funds from Jack Kaye of NASA Headquarters and administered
by Joe Zawodny within his Solar Occultation Satellite Science Team
(SOSST) study activity. Funds were also provided from a proposal of the
NASA MAP Program administered by David Considine. EER completed this
manuscript while serving as a Distinguished Research Associate at NASA
Langley under the sponsorship of Malcolm Ko.
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 23
BP 11779
EP 11790
DI 10.5194/acp-10-11779-2010
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694XJ
UT WOS:000285334900029
ER
PT J
AU Riedi, J
Marchant, B
Platnick, S
Baum, BA
Thieuleux, F
Oudard, C
Parol, F
Nicolas, JM
Dubuisson, P
AF Riedi, J.
Marchant, B.
Platnick, S.
Baum, B. A.
Thieuleux, F.
Oudard, C.
Parol, F.
Nicolas, J. -M.
Dubuisson, P.
TI Cloud thermodynamic phase inferred from merged POLDER and MODIS data
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; ICE
CLOUDS; AVHRR; RETRIEVALS; PRODUCTS; IMAGERY; MODELS; VIIRS
AB The global spatial and diurnal distribution of cloud properties is a key issue for understanding the hydrological cycle, and critical for advancing efforts to improve numerical weather models and general circulation models. Satellite data provides the best way of gaining insight into global cloud properties. In particular, the determination of cloud thermodynamic phase is a critical first step in the process of inferring cloud optical and microphysical properties from satellite measurements. It is important that cloud phase be derived together with an estimate of the confidence of this determination, so that this information can be included with subsequent retrievals (optical thickness, effective particle radius, and ice/liquid water content).
In this study, we combine three different and well documented approaches for inferring cloud phase into a single algorithm. The algorithm is applied to data obtained by the MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and POLDER3 (Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectance) instruments. It is shown that this synergistic algorithm can be used routinely to derive cloud phase along with an index that helps to discriminate ambiguous phase from confident phase cases.
The resulting product provides a semi-continuous index ranging from confident liquid to confident ice instead of the usual discrete classification of liquid phase, ice phase, mixed phase (potential combination of ice and liquid particles), or simply unknown phase clouds. The index value provides simultaneously information on the phase and the associated confidence. This approach is expected to be useful for cloud assimilation and modeling efforts while providing more insight into the global cloud properties derived from satellite data.
C1 [Riedi, J.; Marchant, B.; Thieuleux, F.; Oudard, C.; Parol, F.; Dubuisson, P.] Univ Lille 1 Sci & Technol, Opt Atmospher Lab, CNRS, UMR 8518, Lille, France.
[Platnick, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Baum, B. A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Nicolas, J. -M.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, ICARE Data & Serv Ctr, Lille, France.
RP Riedi, J (reprint author), Univ Lille 1 Sci & Technol, Opt Atmospher Lab, CNRS, UMR 8518, Lille, France.
EM jerome.riedi@univ-lille1.fr
RI Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014
OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567
FU University of Lille; region Nord-Pas-de-Calais; CNRS; CNES; Programme
National de Teledetection Spatial
FX The authors are very grateful to CNES and NASA for providing the POLDER
and MODIS data. Cecile Oudard and Francois Thieuleux were supported by
University of Lille, region Nord-Pas-de-Calais, CNRS and CNES, in the
framework of the ICARE project. This research project was supported by
CNES and the Programme National de Teledetection Spatial. Finally, the
authors would like to acknowledge the two reviewers for their numerous
comments and help in improving the manuscript.
NR 36
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 23
BP 11851
EP 11865
DI 10.5194/acp-10-11851-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694XJ
UT WOS:000285334900034
ER
PT J
AU Cachorro, VE
Toledano, C
Anton, M
Berjon, A
de Frutos, A
Vilaplana, JM
Arola, A
Krotkov, NA
AF Cachorro, V. E.
Toledano, C.
Anton, M.
Berjon, A.
de Frutos, A.
Vilaplana, J. M.
Arola, A.
Krotkov, N. A.
TI Comparison of UV irradiances from Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)
with Brewer measurements at El Arenosillo (Spain) - Part 2: Analysis of
site aerosol influence
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH MEASUREMENTS; SINGLE SCATTERING
ALBEDO; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SUN-PHOTOMETER; OZONE; RETRIEVAL;
ABSORPTION; THICKNESS; URBAN
AB Several validation studies have shown a notable overestimation of the clear sky ultraviolet (UV) irradiance at the Earth's surface derived from satellite sensors such as the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with respect to ground-based UV data at many locations. Most of this positive bias is attributed to boundary layer aerosol absorption that is not accounted for in the TOMS/OMI operational UV algorithm. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse the aerosol effect on the bias between OMI erythemal UV irradiance (UVER) and spectral UV (305 nm, 310 nm and 324 nm) surface irradiances and ground-based Brewer spectroradiometer measurements from October 2004 to December 2008 at El Arenosillo station (37.1 degrees N, 6.7 degrees W, 20ma.s.l.), with meteorological conditions representative of the South-West of Spain.
The effects of other factors as clouds, ozone and the solar elevation over this intercomparison were analysed in detail in a companion paper (Anton et al., 2010). In that paper the aerosol effects were studied making only a rough evaluation based on aerosol optical depth (AOD) information at 440 nm wavelength (visible range) without applying any correction. We have used the precise information given by single scattering albedo (SSA) from AERONET for the determination of absorbing aerosols which has allowed the correction of the OMI UV data.
An aerosol correction expression was applied to the OMI operational UV data using two approaches to estimate the UV absorption aerosol optical depth, AAOD. The first approach was based on an assumption of constant SSA value of 0.91. This approach reduces the OMI UVER bias against the reference Brewer data from 13.4% to 8.4%. Second approach uses daily AERONET SSA values reducing the bias only to 11.6%. Therefore we have obtained a 37% and 12% of improvement respectively. For the spectral irradiance at 324 nm, the OMI bias is reduced from 10.5% to 6.98% for constant SSA and to 9.03% for variable SSA. Similar results were obtained for spectral irradiances at 305 nm, and 310 nm. Contrary to what was expected, the constant SSA approach has a greater bias reduction than variable SSA, but this is a reasonable result according to the discussion about the reliability of SSA values. Our results reflect the level of accuracy that may be reached at the present time in this type of comparison, which may be considered as satisfactory taking into account the remaining dependence on other factors. Nevertheless, improvements must be accomplished to determine reliable absorbing aerosol properties, which appear as a limiting factor for improving OMI retrievals.
C1 [Cachorro, V. E.; Toledano, C.; Berjon, A.; de Frutos, A.] Univ Valladolid GOA UVA, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain.
[Anton, M.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Fis, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain.
[Vilaplana, J. M.] INTA, ESAt El Arenosillo, Huelva, Spain.
[Arola, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst FMI, Kuopio, Finland.
[Krotkov, N. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Krotkov, N. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Cachorro, VE (reprint author), Univ Valladolid GOA UVA, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain.
EM chiqui@goa.uva.es
RI Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Anton, Manuel/A-8477-2010; Berjon,
Alberto/M-4203-2015; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012
OI Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Berjon,
Alberto/0000-0002-4508-7037; Anton, Manuel/0000-0002-0816-3758;
Cachorro, Victoria/0000-0002-4627-9444; Arola,
Antti/0000-0002-9220-0194; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750
FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; Fondo Social Europeo; MICIN
[CGL2008-05939-C03/CLI]; Junta de Castilla y Leon
FX The authors thank the OMI International Science Team for the satellite
data used in this study and also to the teams of aerosol networks
GSFC-NASA and PHOTONS. Also thanks to Antonio Serrano for his help in
editing the manuscript. Manuel Anton thanks Ministerio de Ciencia e
Innovacion and Fondo Social Europeo for the award of a postdoctoral
grant (Juan de la Cierva). This work has been partially supported by
MICIN under coordinated project CGL2008-05939-C03/CLI of UVA-INTA-UNEX.
Also this work is financed by GR220 project of "Junta de Castilla y
Leon".
NR 42
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 23
BP 11867
EP 11880
DI 10.5194/acp-10-11867-2010
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694XJ
UT WOS:000285334900035
ER
PT J
AU Simpson, IJ
Blake, NJ
Barletta, B
Diskin, GS
Fuelberg, HE
Gorham, K
Huey, LG
Meinardi, S
Rowland, FS
Vay, SA
Weinheimer, AJ
Yang, M
Blake, DR
AF Simpson, I. J.
Blake, N. J.
Barletta, B.
Diskin, G. S.
Fuelberg, H. E.
Gorham, K.
Huey, L. G.
Meinardi, S.
Rowland, F. S.
Vay, S. A.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Yang, M.
Blake, D. R.
TI Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining
operations: 76 speciated C-2-C-10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O-3 and SO2
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; ATMOSPHERIC CARBONYL SULFIDE;
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SEASONAL CYCLE;
MEXICO-CITY; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; BIOGENIC
HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS
AB Oil sands comprise 30% of the world's oil reserves and the crude oil reserves in Canada's oil sands deposits are second only to Saudi Arabia. The extraction and processing of oil sands is much more challenging than for light sweet crude oils because of the high viscosity of the bitumen contained within the oil sands and because the bitumen is mixed with sand and contains chemical impurities such as sulphur. Despite these challenges, the importance of oil sands is increasing in the energy market. To our best knowledge this is the first peer-reviewed study to characterize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from Alberta's oil sands mining sites. We present high-precision gas chromatography measurements of 76 speciated C-2-C-10 VOCs (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, monoterpenes, oxygenated hydrocarbons, halocarbons and sulphur compounds) in 17 boundary layer air samples collected over surface mining operations in northeast Alberta on 10 July 2008, using the NASA DC-8 airborne laboratory as a research platform. In addition to the VOCs, we present simultaneous measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O-3 and SO2, which were measured in situ aboard the DC-8.
Carbon dioxide, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, SO2 and 53 VOCs (e.g., non-methane hydrocarbons, halocarbons, sulphur species) showed clear statistical enhancements (1.1-397x) over the oil sands compared to local background values and, with the exception of CO, were greater over the oil sands than at any other time during the flight. Twenty halocarbons (e.g., CFCs, HFCs, halons, brominated species) either were not enhanced or were minimally enhanced (<10%) over the oil sands. Ozone levels remained low because of titration by NO, and three VOCs (propyne, furan, MTBE) remained below their 3 pptv detection limit throughout the flight. Based on their correlations with one another, the compounds emitted by the oil sands industry fell into two groups: (1) evaporative emissions from the oil sands and its products and/or from the diluent used to lower the viscosity of the extracted bitumen (i.e., C-4-C-9 alkanes, C-5-C-6 cycloalkanes, C-6-C-8 aromatics), together with CO; and (2) emissions associated with the mining effort, such as upgraders (i.e., CO2, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, NOy, SO2, C-2-C-4 alkanes, C-2-C-4 alkenes, C-9 aromatics, short-lived solvents such as C2Cl4 and C2HCl3, and longer-lived species such as HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b). Prominent in the second group, SO2 and NO were remarkably enhanced over the oil sands, with maximum mixing ratios of 38.7 ppbv and 5.0 ppbv, or 383x and 319x the local background, respectively. These SO2 levels are comparable to maximum values measured in heavily polluted megacities such as Mexico City and are attributed to coke combustion. By contrast, relatively poor correlations between CH4, ethane and propane suggest low levels of natural gas leakage despite its heavy use at the surface mining sites. Instead the elevated CH4 levels are attributed to methanogenic tailings pond emissions.
In addition to the emission of many trace gases, the natural drawdown of OCS by vegetation was absent above the surface mining operations, presumably because of the widespread land disturbance. Unexpectedly, the mixing ratios of alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were much greater over the oil sands (up to 217 pptv and 610 pptv, respectively) than over vegetation in the background boundary layer (20 +/- 7 pptv and 84 +/- 24 pptv, respectively), and the pinenes correlated well with several industrial tracers that were elevated in the oil sands plumes. Because so few independent measurements from the oil sands mining industry exist, this study provides an important initial characterization of trace gas emissions from oil sands surface mining operations.
C1 [Simpson, I. J.; Blake, N. J.; Barletta, B.; Gorham, K.; Meinardi, S.; Rowland, F. S.; Yang, M.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Diskin, G. S.; Vay, S. A.; Yang, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Simpson, IJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM isimpson@uci.edu
FU NASA [NNX09AB22G]
FX We thank the ARCTAS crew and science team for their hard work throughout
the mission, and we gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with many
of our colleagues, especially Jim Crawford (NASA Langley) and Joost de
Gouw (NOAA/ESRL). We also thank David Spink (Fort McKay IRC) for many
helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by NASA
grant NNX09AB22G.
NR 113
TC 64
Z9 65
U1 8
U2 82
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 23
BP 11931
EP 11954
DI 10.5194/acp-10-11931-2010
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694XJ
UT WOS:000285334900039
ER
PT J
AU Stroppiana, D
Brivio, PA
Gregoire, JM
Liousse, C
Guillaume, B
Granier, C
Mieville, A
Chin, M
Petron, G
AF Stroppiana, D.
Brivio, P. A.
Gregoire, J. -M.
Liousse, C.
Guillaume, B.
Granier, C.
Mieville, A.
Chin, M.
Petron, G.
TI Comparison of global inventories of CO emissions from biomass burning
derived from remotely sensed data
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VEGETATION FIRE EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BURNED AREA;
HIGH-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE DATA; AFRICA; FOREST; CARBON; PRODUCTS;
MOPITT
AB We compare five global inventories of monthly CO emissions named VGT, ATSR, MODIS, GFED3 and MOPITT based on remotely sensed active fires and/or burned area products for the year 2003. The objective is to highlight similarities and differences by focusing on the geographical and temporal distribution and on the emissions for three broad land cover classes (forest, savanna/grassland and agriculture). Globally, CO emissions for the year 2003 range between 365 Tg CO (GFED3) and 1422 Tg CO (VGT). Despite the large uncertainty in the total amounts, some common spatial patterns typical of biomass burning can be identified in the boreal forests of Siberia, in agricultural areas of Eastern Europe and Russia and in savanna ecosystems of South America, Africa and Australia. Regionally, the largest difference in terms of total amounts (CV > 100%) and seasonality is observed at the northernmost latitudes, especially in North America and Siberia where VGT appears to overestimate the area affected by fires. On the contrary, Africa shows the best agreement both in terms of total annual amounts (CV = 31%) and of seasonality despite some overestimation of emissions from forest and agriculture observed in the MODIS inventory. In Africa VGT provides the most reliable seasonality. Looking at the broad land cover types, the range of contribution to the global emissions of CO is 64-74%, 23-32% and 3-4% for forest, savanna/grassland and agriculture, respectively. These results suggest that there is still large uncertainty in global estimates of emissions and it increases if the comparison is carried by out taking into account the temporal (month) and spatial (0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees cell) dimensions. Besides the area affected by fires, also vegetation characteristics and conditions at the time of burning should also be accurately parameterized since they can greatly influence the global estimates of CO emissions.
C1 [Stroppiana, D.; Brivio, P. A.] CNR IREA, Milan, Italy.
[Gregoire, J. -M.] European Commiss, JRC, IES, Global Environm Monitoring Unit GEM, Ispra, VA, Italy.
[Liousse, C.; Guillaume, B.] Lab Aerol, UMR 5560, Toulouse, France.
[Granier, C.; Mieville, A.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France.
[Granier, C.; Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Granier, C.; Petron, G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Petron, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Stroppiana, D (reprint author), CNR IREA, Milan, Italy.
EM stroppiana.d@irea.cnr.it
RI Brivio, Pietro Alessandro/B-3704-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008;
Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Brivio, Pietro Alessandro/0000-0002-5477-3194; Granier,
Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995;
NR 69
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 24
BP 12173
EP 12189
DI 10.5194/acp-10-12173-2010
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 698GC
UT WOS:000285581000010
ER
PT J
AU Liu, JH
Logan, JA
Jones, DBA
Livesey, NJ
Megretskaia, I
Carouge, C
Nedelec, P
AF Liu, Junhua
Logan, J. A.
Jones, D. B. A.
Livesey, N. J.
Megretskaia, I.
Carouge, C.
Nedelec, P.
TI Analysis of CO in the tropical troposphere using Aura satellite data and
the GEOS-Chem model: insights into transport characteristics of the GEOS
meteorological products
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL RADICALS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EMISSION
SPECTROMETER TES; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER;
CARBON-MONOXIDE; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; CUMULUS CONVECTION; MOIST
CONVECTION; GLOBAL-MODEL
AB We use the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model (CTM) to interpret the spatial and temporal variations of tropical tropospheric CO observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). In so doing, we diagnose and evaluate transport in the GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 assimilated meteorological fields that drive the model, with a particular focus on vertical mixing at the end of the dry season when convection moves over the source regions. The results indicate that over South America, deep convection in both GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 decays at too low an altitude early in the wet season, and the source of CO from isoprene in the model (MEGAN v2.1) is too large, causing a lag in the model's seasonal maximum of CO compared to MLS CO in the upper troposphere (UT). TES and MLS data reveal problems with excessive transport of CO to the eastern equatorial Pacific and lofting in the ITCZ in August and September, particularly in GEOS-4. Over southern Africa, GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 simulations match the phase of the observed CO variation from the lower troposphere (LT) to the UT fairly well, although the magnitude of the seasonal maximum is underestimated considerably due to low emissions in the model. A sensitivity run with increased emissions leads to improved agreement with observed CO in the LT and middle troposphere (MT), but the amplitude of the seasonal variation is too high in the UT in GEOS-4. Difficulty in matching CO in the LT and UT implies there may be overly vigorous vertical mixing in GEOS-4 early in the wet season. Both simulations and observations show a time lag between the peak in fire emissions (July and August) and in CO (September and October). We argue that it is caused by the prevailing subsidence in the LT until convection moves south in September, as well as the low sensitivity of TES data in the LT over the African Plateau. The MLS data suggest that too much CO has been transported from fires in northern Africa to the UT in the model during the burning season, as does MOZAIC aircraft data, perhaps as a result of the combined influence of too strong Harmattan winds in the LT and too strong vertical mixing over the Gulf of Guinea in the model.
C1 [Liu, Junhua; Logan, J. A.; Megretskaia, I.; Carouge, C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Livesey, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Nedelec, P.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
RP Liu, JH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM jliu@seas.harvard.edu
RI Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725;
FU NASA [NNX07AB17G, NNG06GB93G, NNX09AJ41G]; European Commission; Airbus;
Airlines, Lufthansa; Airlines, Austrian; Airlines, Air France; INSU-CNRS
(France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany)
FX This work was funded by NASA grants to Harvard University, NNX07AB17G,
NNG06GB93G, and NNX09AJ41G. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with
NASA. We thank Michael Barkley for his work on the implementation of
MEGAN v2.1 in the GEOS-Chem model, and we thank M. Kopacz for providing
emissions scaling factors. J. Liu would like to thank H. Liu, J. Jiang,
L. Zhang, J. Fisher, and J. Mao for helpful discussions. The authors
acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and
the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge
the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is
presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and
Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC database is
supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS).
NR 98
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 24
BP 12207
EP 12232
DI 10.5194/acp-10-12207-2010
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 698GC
UT WOS:000285581000012
ER
PT J
AU Kar, J
Deeter, MN
Fishman, J
Liu, Z
Omar, A
Creilson, JK
Trepte, CR
Vaughan, MA
Winker, DM
AF Kar, J.
Deeter, M. N.
Fishman, J.
Liu, Z.
Omar, A.
Creilson, J. K.
Trepte, C. R.
Vaughan, M. A.
Winker, D. M.
TI Wintertime pollution over the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains as observed
from MOPITT, CALIPSO and tropospheric ozone residual data
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SBUV MEASUREMENTS; ART.; VARIABILITY; ASIA;
SIMULATION; AEROSOLS; OUTFLOW; BASIN
AB A large wintertime increase in pollutants has been observed over the eastern parts of the Indo Gangetic Plains. We use improved version 4 carbon monoxide (CO) retrievals from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) along with latest version 3 aerosol data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar instrument and the tropospheric ozone residual products to characterize this pollution pool. The feature is seen primarily in the lower troposphere from about November to February with strong concomitant increases in CO and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The signature of the feature is also observed in tropospheric ozone column data. The height resolved aerosol data from CALIPSO confirm the trapping of the pollution pool at the lowest altitudes. The observations indicate that MOPITT can capture this low altitude phenomenon even in winter conditions as indicated by the averaging kernels.
C1 [Kar, J.; Creilson, J. K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Deeter, M. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Fishman, J.; Liu, Z.; Omar, A.; Creilson, J. K.; Trepte, C. R.; Vaughan, M. A.; Winker, D. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Liu, Z.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Kar, J (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
EM jayanta.kar@nasa.gov
RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; Omar,
Ali/D-7102-2017
OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518;
Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235
NR 41
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 24
BP 12273
EP 12283
DI 10.5194/acp-10-12273-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 698GC
UT WOS:000285581000016
ER
PT J
AU Lin, CY
Chang, CC
Chan, CY
Kuo, CH
Chen, WC
Chu, DA
Liu, SC
AF Lin, Chuan-Yao
Chang, C. -C.
Chan, C. Y.
Kuo, C. H.
Chen, W. -C.
Chu, D. Allen
Liu, Shaw C.
TI Characteristics of springtime profiles and sources of ozone in the low
troposphere over northern Taiwan
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ozone sounding; Low troposphere; Boundary layer
ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AIR-QUALITY; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; ASIAN DUST;
POLLUTION; PACIFIC; TREND; CHINA; POLLUTANTS; PATHWAYS
AB To quantify the possible sources of the high ambient ozone concentration in the low troposphere over Taiwan, ozone sounding data from a two-year intensive field measurement program conducted in April and early May of 2004 and 2005 in northern Taiwan has been examined. We found that the vertical ozone distributions and occurrence of enhanced ozone in the lower troposphere (below 6 km) mainly resulted from (1)Type NE: the long-range transport of ozone controlled by the prevailing northeasterly winds below 2 km, (2)Type LO: the local photochemical ozone production process, and (3)Type SW: the strong southwest/westerly winds aloft (2-6 km). In the boundary layer (BL), where Asian continental outflow prevails, the average profile for type NE is characterized by a peak ozone concentration of nearly 65 ppb at about 1500 m altitude. For type LO, high ozone concentration with an average ozone concentration greater than 80 ppb was also found in the BL in the case of stagnant atmospheric and sunny weather conditions dominated. For type SW, significant ozone enhancement with average ozone concentration of 70-85 ppb was found at around 4 km altitude. It is about 10 ppb greater than that of the types NE and LO at the same troposphere layer owing to the contribution of the biomass burning over Indochina. Due to Taiwan's unique geographic location, the complex interaction of these ozone features in the BL and aloft, especially features associated with northeasterly and south/southwesterly winds, have resulted in complex characteristics of ozone distributions in the lower troposphere over northern Taiwan. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lin, Chuan-Yao; Chang, C. -C.; Chen, W. -C.; Liu, Shaw C.] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
[Chan, C. Y.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Kuo, C. H.] Chinese Culture Univ, Dept Geol, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Chu, D. Allen] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Lin, CY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, 128 Sec 2,Acad Rd, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
EM yao435@rcec.sinica.edu.tw
RI 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Lin, CY/K-6503-2014
FU [NSC-2111-M-001-004-MY3]
FX The authors would like to thank Mr. J.C. Shang and MS. R.H., Lo
(Atmospheric physics and chemistry section, Central Weather Bureau,
Taiwan) for their contribution in the ozone sounding observation. The
authors thank Google Maps for providing the Figure I in this
publication. This work was supported by NSC-2111-M-001-004-MY3. The
authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)
for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or
READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.htmi) used in this
publication.
NR 42
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 2
BP 182
EP 193
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.020
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 555JW
UT WOS:000274507800006
ER
PT J
AU Batchelor, RL
Kolonjari, F
Lindenmaier, R
Mittermeier, RL
Daffer, W
Fast, H
Manney, G
Strong, K
Walker, KA
AF Batchelor, R. L.
Kolonjari, F.
Lindenmaier, R.
Mittermeier, R. L.
Daffer, W.
Fast, H.
Manney, G.
Strong, K.
Walker, K. A.
TI Four Fourier transform spectrometers and the Arctic polar vortex:
instrument intercomparison and ACE-FTS validation at Eureka during the
IPY springs of 2007 and 2008
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; SOLAR FTIR MEASUREMENTS; GROUND-BASED FTIR;
ATMOSPHERIC GASES; OZONE; CANADA; N2O; TEMPERATURE; HNO3; HCL
AB The Canadian Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Validation Campaigns have been carried out at Eureka, Nunavut (80.05 degrees N, 86.42 degrees W) during the polar sunrise period since 2004. During the International Polar Year (IPY) springs of 2007 and 2008, three ground- based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers were operated simultaneously. This paper presents a comparison of trace gas measurements of stratospherically important species involved in ozone depletion, namely O-3, HCl, ClONO2, HNO3 and HF, recorded with these three spectrometers. Total column densities of the gases measured with the new Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) Bruker 125HR are shown to agree to within 3.5% with the existing Environment Canada Bomem DA8 measurements. After smoothing both of these sets of measurements to account for the lower spectral resolution of the University of Waterloo Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the Infrared (PARIS-IR), the measurements were likewise shown to agree with PARIS-IR to within 7%. Concurrent measurements of these gases were also made with the satellite-based Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) during overpasses of Eureka during these time periods. While one of the mandates of the ACE satellite mission is to study ozone depletion in the polar spring, previous validation exercises have identified the highly variable polar vortex conditions of the spring period to be a challenge for validation efforts. In this work, comparisons between the CANDAC Bruker 125HR and ACE-FTS have been used to develop strict criteria that allow the ground- and satellite-based instruments to be confidently compared. When these criteria are taken into consideration, the observed biases between the ACE-FTS and ground- based FTIR spectrometer are not persistent for both years and are generally insignificant, though small positive biases of similar to 5%, comparable in magnitude to those seen in previous validation exercises, are observed for HCl and HF in 2007, and negative biases of -15.3%, -4.8% and -1.5% are seen for ClONO2, HNO3 and O-3 in 2008.
C1 [Batchelor, R. L.; Kolonjari, F.; Lindenmaier, R.; Strong, K.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Mittermeier, R. L.; Fast, H.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Daffer, W.; Manney, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
RP Batchelor, RL (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM rbatchelor@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
RI Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012
FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Environment Canada (EC) Eureka Weather
Station; Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change
(CANDAC); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC);
Northern Scientific Training Program; Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova
Scotia Research Innovation Trust; Canadian Foundation for Climate and
Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Canadian Foundation for Innovation;
Government of Canada IPY; Ontario Innovation Trust; Ontario Research
Fund; Polar Continental Shelf Program; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
FX This work would not have been possible without the support of the
Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Environment Canada (EC) Eureka Weather
Station, and the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric
Change (CANDAC). We particularly acknowledge the assistance of the
CANDAC Operations Team, James Drummond (Principal Investigator), Pierre
Fogal (PEARL Facilities Manager), Ashley Harrett, Alexei Khmel, Paul
Loewen, Oleg Mikhailov and Matt Okraszewski for their assistance in
collecting the measurements and transporting us between the lab and the
station, and the EC meteorological technicians for launching many radio-
and ozone-sonde balloons for us. The Canadian Arctic ACE Validation
Campaigns are supported by the CSA, EC, Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council (NSERC) and the Northern Scientific Training Program.
CANDAC and PEARL are funded by the Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia
Research Innovation Trust, Canadian Foundation for Climate and
Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), Canadian Foundation for Innovation, CSA,
EC, Government of Canada IPY funding, NSERC, Ontario Innovation Trust,
Ontario Research Fund and the Polar Continental Shelf Program. Work
carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment, also known
as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the CSA and
NSERC.
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 1
BP 51
EP 66
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 602DK
UT WOS:000278118500004
ER
PT J
AU Joiner, J
Vasilkov, AP
Bhartia, PK
Wind, G
Platnick, S
Menzel, WP
AF Joiner, J.
Vasilkov, A. P.
Bhartia, P. K.
Wind, G.
Platnick, S.
Menzel, W. P.
TI Detection of multi-layer and vertically-extended clouds using A-train
sensors
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; CIRRUS CLOUD; RADIATION BUDGET;
SOLAR-RADIATION; SATELLITE; OVERLAP; OXYGEN; RETRIEVAL; PRESSURE;
STATISTICS
AB The detection of multiple cloud layers using satellite observations is important for retrieval algorithms as well as climate applications. In this paper, we describe a relatively simple algorithm to detect multiple cloud layers and distinguish them from vertically-extended clouds. The algorithm can be applied to coincident passive sensors that derive both cloud- top pressure from the thermal infrared observations and an estimate of solar photon pathlength from UV, visible, or near-IR measurements. Here, we use data from the A-train afternoon constellation of satellites: cloud- top pressure, cloud optical thickness, the multi-layer flag from the Aqua MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the optical centroid cloud pressure from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). For the first time, we use data from the CloudSat radar to evaluate the results of a multi-layer cloud detection scheme. The cloud classification algorithms applied with different passive sensor configurations compare well with each other as well as with data from CloudSat.
We compute monthly mean fractions of pixels containing multi-layer and vertically-extended clouds for January and July 2007 at the OMI spatial resolution (12 kmx24 km at nadir) and at the 5 kmx5 km MODIS resolution used for infrared cloud retrievals. There are seasonal variations in the spatial distribution of the different cloud types. The fraction of cloudy pixels containing distinct multi-layer cloud is a strong function of the pixel size. Globally averaged, these fractions are approximately 20% and 10% for OMI and MODIS, respectively. These fractions may be significantly higher or lower depending upon location. There is a much smaller resolution dependence for fractions of pixels containing vertically-extended clouds (similar to 20% for OMI and slightly less for MODIS globally), suggesting larger spatial scales for these clouds. We also find higher fractions of vertically-extended clouds over land as compared with ocean, particularly in the tropics and summer hemisphere.
C1 [Joiner, J.; Bhartia, P. K.; Platnick, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Vasilkov, A. P.; Wind, G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Menzel, W. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Joiner, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM joanna.joiner@nasa.gov
RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012; Platnick,
Steven/J-9982-2014; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Platnick,
Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06HX18C]
FX The material in this paper is based upon work supported by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under agreement NNG06HX18C
issued through the Science Mission Directorate for the EOS Aura Science
Team. The authors are grateful to the MODIS, OMI, and CloudSat data
processing teams for providing data sets. The authors thank two
anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the paper. The
lead author thanks A. da Silva for helpful discussions.
NR 49
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 1
BP 233
EP 247
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 602DK
UT WOS:000278118500016
ER
PT J
AU Wooldridge, PJ
Perring, AE
Bertram, TH
Flocke, FM
Roberts, JM
Singh, HB
Huey, LG
Thornton, JA
Wolfe, GM
Murphy, JG
Fry, JL
Rollins, AW
LaFranchi, BW
Cohen, RC
AF Wooldridge, P. J.
Perring, A. E.
Bertram, T. H.
Flocke, F. M.
Roberts, J. M.
Singh, H. B.
Huey, L. G.
Thornton, J. A.
Wolfe, G. M.
Murphy, J. G.
Fry, J. L.
Rollins, A. W.
LaFranchi, B. W.
Cohen, R. C.
TI Total Peroxy Nitrates (Sigma PNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal
Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and
comparisons to speciated PAN measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU;
NORTH-AMERICA; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES; SOUTHERN
OXIDANTS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; RATE COEFFICIENTS; OZONE PRODUCTION
AB Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its chemical analogues are increasingly being quantified in the ambient atmosphere by thermal dissociation (TD) followed by detection of either the peroxyacyl radical or the NO2 product. Here we present details of the technique developed at University of California, Berkeley which detects the sum of all peroxynitrates (Sigma PNs) via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the NO2 product. We review the various deployments and compare the Berkeley Sigma PNs measurements with the sums of PAN and its homologue species detected individually by other instruments. The observed TD-LIF Sigma PNs usually agree to within 10% with the summed individual species, thus arguing against the presence of significant concentrations of unmeasured PAN-type compounds in the atmosphere, as suggested by some photochemical mechanisms. Examples of poorer agreement are attributed to a sampling inlet design that is shown to be inappropriate for high NOx conditions. Interferences to the TD-LIF measurements are described along with strategies to minimize their effects.
C1 [Wooldridge, P. J.; Perring, A. E.; Rollins, A. W.; LaFranchi, B. W.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bertram, T. H.] Univ San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Flocke, F. M.] NCAR Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Thornton, J. A.; Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Murphy, J. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Fry, J. L.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Wooldridge, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM pjwool@berkeley.edu
RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Wolfe,
Glenn/D-5289-2011; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Perring,
Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503;
Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867;
FU NSF [ATM-1038669, ATM-0639847, ATM-0511829]; Office of Polar Programs
[9907928]; NASA [NNG05GH196, NAG5-13668, NNX08AE56G]; Instrument
Incubator Program [NAS1-99053]; NOAA [RA133R-04-AE-0023]; European
Community [RII3-CT-2004-505968]
FX The Berkeley authors gratefully acknowledge funding from NSF grants
ATM-1038669, ATM-0639847, ATM-0511829, and Office of Polar Programs
Grant No. 9907928; NASA grants NNG05GH196, NAG5-13668, NNX08AE56G, and
Instrument Incubator Program contract NAS1-99053; and NOAA grant
RA133R-04-AE-0023. The
NO3-N2O5-Intercomparison campaign
(2007) was supported by grant no. RII3-CT-2004-505968 of the European
Community within the 6th Framework Program, Section Support for research
Infrastructures - Integrated Infrastructure Initiative: EUROCHAMP 15 and
Priority 1.1.6.3. Global Change and Ecosystems: ACCENT. Thanks also to
S. Brown, H. Fuchs, and W. Dube for N2O5 for
providing the NOAA cavity ring-down N2O5 data.
NR 82
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 4
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 3
BP 593
EP 607
DI 10.5194/amt-3-593-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618YB
UT WOS:000279391000006
ER
PT J
AU Vasilkov, AP
Joiner, J
Haffner, D
Bhartia, PK
Spurr, RJD
AF Vasilkov, A. P.
Joiner, J.
Haffner, D.
Bhartia, P. K.
Spurr, R. J. D.
TI What do satellite backscatter ultraviolet and visible spectrometers see
over snow and ice? A study of clouds and ozone using the A-train
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; RADIATION BUDGET;
SCIAMACHY; RETRIEVAL; GOME; MISSION; SPACE; UV; ALGORITHM
AB In this paper, we examine how clouds over snow and ice affect ozone absorption and how these effects may be accounted for in satellite retrieval algorithms. Over snow and ice, the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Raman cloud pressure algorithm derives an effective scene pressure. When this scene pressure differs appreciably from the surface pressure, the difference is assumed to be caused by a cloud that is shielding atmospheric absorption and scattering below cloud-top from satellite view. A pressure difference of 100 hPa is used as a crude threshold for the detection of clouds that significantly shield tropospheric ozone absorption. Combining the OMI effective scene pressure and the Aqua MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud top pressure, we can distinguish between shielding and non-shielding clouds.
To evaluate this approach, we performed radiative transfer simulations under various observing conditions. Using cloud vertical extinction profiles from the CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR), we find that clouds over a bright surface can produce significant shielding (i.e., a reduction in the sensitivity of the top-of-the-atmosphere radiance to ozone absorption below the clouds). The amount of shielding provided by clouds depends upon the geometry (solar and satellite zenith angles) and the surface albedo as well as cloud optical thickness. We also use CloudSat observations to qualitatively evaluate our approach. The CloudSat, Aqua, and Aura satellites fly in an afternoon polar orbit constellation with ground overpass times within 15 min of each other.
The current Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) total column ozone algorithm (that has also been applied to the OMI) assumes no clouds over snow and ice. This assumption leads to errors in the retrieved ozone column. We show that the use of OMI effective scene pressures over snow and ice reduces these errors and leads to a more homogeneous spatial distribution of the retrieved total ozone.
C1 [Vasilkov, A. P.; Haffner, D.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Joiner, J.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Spurr, R. J. D.] RT Solut, Cambridge, MA USA.
RP Vasilkov, AP (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
EM alexander_vassilkov@ssaihq.com
RI Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016
OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG06HX18C]
FX The authors thank the OMI, MODIS, and CloudSat science teams for the
processing and distribution of data sets used here. This material is
based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration under agreement NNG06HX18C issued through the Science
Mission Directorate for the Aura Science Team.
NR 44
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 3
BP 619
EP 629
DI 10.5194/amt-3-619-2010
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618YB
UT WOS:000279391000008
ER
PT J
AU Kokhanovsky, AA
Deuze, JL
Diner, DJ
Dubovik, O
Ducos, F
Emde, C
Garay, MJ
Grainger, RG
Heckel, A
Herman, M
Katsev, IL
Keller, J
Levy, R
North, PRJ
Prikhach, AS
Rozanov, VV
Sayer, AM
Ota, Y
Tanre, D
Thomas, GE
Zege, EP
AF Kokhanovsky, A. A.
Deuze, J. L.
Diner, D. J.
Dubovik, O.
Ducos, F.
Emde, C.
Garay, M. J.
Grainger, R. G.
Heckel, A.
Herman, M.
Katsev, I. L.
Keller, J.
Levy, R.
North, P. R. J.
Prikhach, A. S.
Rozanov, V. V.
Sayer, A. M.
Ota, Y.
Tanre, D.
Thomas, G. E.
Zege, E. P.
TI The inter-comparison of major satellite aerosol retrieval algorithms
using simulated intensity and polarization characteristics of reflected
light
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGING-SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATIVE-TRANSFER;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LAND SURFACES; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; TRANSFER
MODEL; OCEAN; SCATTERING; RADIANCE; MODIS
AB Remote sensing of aerosol from space is a challenging and typically underdetermined retrieval task, requiring many assumptions to be made with respect to the aerosol and surface models. Therefore, the quality of a priori information plays a central role in any retrieval process (apart from the cloud screening procedure and the forward radiative transfer model, which to be most accurate should include the treatment of light polarization and molecular-aerosol coupling). In this paper the performance of various algorithms with respect to the of spectral aerosol optical thickness determination from optical spaceborne measurements is studied. The algorithms are based on various types of measurements (spectral, angular, polarization, or some combination of these). It is confirmed that multiangular spectropolarimetric measurements provide more powerful constraints compared to spectral intensity measurements alone, particularly those acquired at a single view angle and which rely on a priori assumptions regarding the particle phase function in the retrieval process.
C1 [Kokhanovsky, A. A.; Rozanov, V. V.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
[Deuze, J. L.; Dubovik, O.; Ducos, F.; Herman, M.; Tanre, D.] Univ Lille 1, UMR CNRS 8518, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Diner, D. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Emde, C.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.
[Garay, M. J.] Raytheon Intelligence & Informat Syst, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
[Grainger, R. G.; Sayer, A. M.; Thomas, G. E.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Heckel, A.; North, P. R. J.] Swansea Univ, Sch Environm & Soc, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
[Katsev, I. L.; Prikhach, A. S.; Zege, E. P.] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus.
[Keller, J.] Paul Scherrer Inst, LAC, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Levy, R.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Ota, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Kokhanovsky, AA (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, O Hahn Allee 1, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
EM alexk@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
RI Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Dubovik,
Oleg/A-8235-2009; Grainger, Roy/E-8823-2011; North, Peter/A-1616-2009;
Kokhanovsky, Alexander/C-6234-2016; Emde, Claudia/B-5447-2010; Keller,
Johannes/C-7732-2009
OI Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303;
Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Grainger, Roy/0000-0003-0709-1315;
North, Peter/0000-0001-9933-6935; Kokhanovsky,
Alexander/0000-0001-7370-1164;
FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [BU-688/18-1]; National Aeronautics and
Space Administration; Natural Environment Research Council
[NE/F001452/1, NE/E011187/1]; NERC [NE/F001436/1]; CNES (Centre national
d'etudes spatiales); CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique)
FX A. A. Kokhanovsky thanks German Science Foundation (DFG) for support of
this research in the framework of the Project BU-688/18-1 Terra. The
research of D. J. Diner and M. Garay was performed at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank J.
Martonchik, M. Smyth, and D. Nelson of JPL and R. Kahn of the NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center for technical advice and assistance with the
MISR Research Retrieval calculations. The University of Oxford work was
supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant numbers
NE/F001452/1 and NE/E011187/1). Swansea University research was
supported by NERC grant NE/F001436/1. J. L. Deuze, O. Dubovik, F. Ducos,
M. Herman and D. Tanre would like to thank CNES (Centre national
d'etudes spatiales) and CNRS (Centre national de la recherche
scientifique) for their support. The work of Yoshifumi Ota was performed
as a part of greenhouse gases observing satellite (GOSAT) project of
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), which collaborates
with GOSAT research announcement program conducted by A. Kokhanovsky.
The authors are grateful to J. Lenoble and M. King for important
comments related to this paper.
NR 76
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U1 3
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 4
BP 909
EP 932
DI 10.5194/amt-3-909-2010
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 645DW
UT WOS:000281432100008
ER
PT J
AU Deutscher, NM
Griffith, DWT
Bryant, GW
Wennberg, PO
Toon, GC
Washenfelder, RA
Keppel-Aleks, G
Wunch, D
Yavin, Y
Allen, NT
Blavier, JF
Jimenez, R
Daube, BC
Bright, AV
Matross, DM
Wofsy, SC
Park, S
AF Deutscher, N. M.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Bryant, G. W.
Wennberg, P. O.
Toon, G. C.
Washenfelder, R. A.
Keppel-Aleks, G.
Wunch, D.
Yavin, Y.
Allen, N. T.
Blavier, J. -F.
Jimenez, R.
Daube, B. C.
Bright, A. V.
Matross, D. M.
Wofsy, S. C.
Park, S.
TI Total column CO2 measurements at Darwin, Australia - site description
and calibration against in situ aircraft profiles
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID INTEGRATED ABSORPTION INTENSITIES; EMPIRICAL AGE SPECTRA; FT-IR
SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT MODELS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; MEAN AGES; A-BAND;
STRATOSPHERE; STRENGTHS; SURFACE
AB An automated Fourier Transform Spectroscopic (FTS) solar observatory was established in Darwin, Australia in August 2005. The laboratory is part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network, and measures atmospheric column abundances of CO2 and O-2 and other gases. Measured CO2 columns were calibrated against integrated aircraft profiles obtained during the TWP-ICE campaign in January-February 2006, and show good agreement with calibrations for a similar instrument in Park Falls, Wisconsin. A clearsky low airmass relative precision of 0.1% is demonstrated in the CO2 and O-2 retrieved column-averaged volume mixing ratios. The 1% negative bias in the FTS X-CO2 relative to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) calibrated in situ scale is within the uncertainties of the NIR spectroscopy and analysis.
C1 [Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Bryant, G. W.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
[Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.; Yavin, Y.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Keppel-Aleks, G.; Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Allen, N. T.; Jimenez, R.; Daube, B. C.; Bright, A. V.; Matross, D. M.; Wofsy, S. C.; Park, S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jimenez, R.; Daube, B. C.; Bright, A. V.; Matross, D. M.; Wofsy, S. C.; Park, S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Deutscher, NM (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
EM ndeutsch@uow.edu.au
RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; JIMENEZ,
Rodrigo/B-6112-2012; Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen/A-3239-2013; Deutscher,
Nicholas/E-3683-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Deutscher,
Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/0000-0002-8665-9484
FU Australian Postgraduate Industry Award; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration [NNX08AI86G]; Australian Research Council [DP0879468,
LP0562346]
FX We thank Rex Pearson, John Glowacki, Troy Culgan, Maciej Ryczek and
Krzysztof Krzton for the maintenance of the solar FTS. We also
gratefully acknowledge comments on the manuscript made by Janina
Messerschmidt. Nicholas Deutscher is supported by an Australian
Postgraduate Industry Award. The research described in this paper was
performed for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Project at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. TCCON
is funded by the NASA terrestrial carbon cycle program, grant
NNX08AI86G. This research is also assisted by Australian Research
Council Projects DP0879468 and LP0562346 with the Australian Greenhouse
Office.
NR 43
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U1 2
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 4
BP 947
EP 958
DI 10.5194/amt-3-947-2010
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 645DW
UT WOS:000281432100010
ER
PT J
AU Immler, FJ
Dykema, J
Gardiner, T
Whiteman, DN
Thorne, PW
Vomel, H
AF Immler, F. J.
Dykema, J.
Gardiner, T.
Whiteman, D. N.
Thorne, P. W.
Voemel, H.
TI Reference Quality Upper-Air Measurements: guidance for developing GRUAN
data products
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIOSONDE
AB The accurate monitoring of climate change imposes strict requirements upon observing systems, in particular regarding measurement accuracy and long-term stability. Currently available data records of the essential climate variables (temperature-T, geopotential-p, humidity-RH, wind, and cloud properties) in the upper-air generally fail to fulfil such requirements. This raises serious issues about the ability to detect, quantify and understand recent climate changes and their causes. GCOS is currently implementing a Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) in order to fill this major void within the global observing system. As part of the GRUAN implementation plan we provide herein fundamental guidelines for establishing and maintaining reference quality atmospheric observations which are based on principal concepts of metrology, in particular traceability. It is argued that the detailed analysis of the uncertainty budget of a measurement technique is the critical step for achieving this goal. As we will demonstrate with an example, detailed knowledge of the calibration procedures and data processing algorithms are required for determining the uncertainty of each individual data point. Of particular importance is the careful assessment of the uncertainties introduced by correction schemes adjusting for systematic effects.
C1 [Immler, F. J.; Voemel, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany.
[Dykema, J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Gardiner, T.] Natl Phys Lab, Environm Measurement Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Thorne, P. W.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Thorne, P. W.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Immler, FJ (reprint author), Deutsch Wetterdienst, Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany.
EM franz.immler@dwd.de
RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014
OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798
FU DECC/Defra [GA01101]
FX We like to thank the members of the working group for atmospheric
reference observations (WG-ARO) for helpful feedback on our draft, in
particular Chris Miller, John Nash, Bill Murray, Masatomo Fujiwara, Dian
Seidel, Junhong Wang, and Stephan Bojinski. P. Thorne was supported by
the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme - DECC/Defra
(GA01101).
NR 24
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U1 0
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 5
BP 1217
EP 1231
DI 10.5194/amt-3-1217-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673KW
UT WOS:000283661300003
ER
PT J
AU Kassianov, E
Ovchinnikov, M
Berg, LK
McFarlane, SA
Flynn, C
Ferrare, R
Hostetler, C
Alexandrov, M
AF Kassianov, E.
Ovchinnikov, M.
Berg, L. K.
McFarlane, S. A.
Flynn, C.
Ferrare, R.
Hostetler, C.
Alexandrov, M.
TI Retrieval of aerosol optical depth in vicinity of broken clouds from
reflectance ratios: case study
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNIFIED SATELLITE CLIMATOLOGY; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; GROUND-BASED
MEASUREMENTS; CLEAR-SKY REFLECTANCE; MFRSR DATA; ALBEDO; MODIS; MODELS;
PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS
AB A recently developed reflectance ratio (RR) method for the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) is evaluated using extensive airborne and ground-based data sets collected during the Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC) and the Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS), which took place in June 2007 over the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site. A detailed case study is performed for a field of single-layer shallow cumuli observed on 12 June 2007. The RR method is applied to retrieve the spectral values of AOD from the reflectance ratios measured by the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) for two pairs of wavelengths (660 and 470 nm, 870 and 470 nm) collected at a spatial resolution of 0.05 km. The retrieval is compared with an independent AOD estimate from three ground-based Multi-filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers (MFRSRs). The interpolation algorithm that is used to project MFRSR point measurements onto the aircraft flight tracks is tested using AOD derived from NASA Langley High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL). The RR AOD estimates are in a good agreement (within 5%) with the MFRSR-derived AOD values for the 660-nm wavelength. The AODs obtained from MAS reflectance ratios overestimate those derived from MFRSR measurements by 15-30% for the 470-nm wavelength and underestimate the 870-nm AOD by the same amount.
C1 [Kassianov, E.; Ovchinnikov, M.; Berg, L. K.; McFarlane, S. A.; Flynn, C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ferrare, R.; Hostetler, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Alexandrov, M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM evgueni.kassianov@pnl.gov
RI McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008; Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016
OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Office of
Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of
Energy (DOE); DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US DOE
FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) through the Radiation Sciences Program and the
Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US
Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement (ARM) Program and Atmospheric Science Program (ASP). The
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for
the DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. This research was performed
in part using the Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in the
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national
scientific user facility sponsored by the US DOE, OBER and located at
PNNL. We are grateful to James Barnard and Alexander Kokhanovsky and
anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments.
NR 62
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U1 0
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 5
BP 1333
EP 1349
DI 10.5194/amt-3-1333-2010
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673KW
UT WOS:000283661300011
ER
PT J
AU Wunch, D
Toon, GC
Wennberg, PO
Wofsy, SC
Stephens, BB
Fischer, ML
Uchino, O
Abshire, JB
Bernath, P
Biraud, SC
Blavier, JFL
Boone, C
Bowman, KP
Browell, EV
Campos, T
Connor, BJ
Daube, BC
Deutscher, NM
Diao, M
Elkins, JW
Gerbig, C
Gottlieb, E
Griffith, DWT
Hurst, DF
Jimenez, R
Keppel-Aleks, G
Kort, EA
Macatangay, R
Machida, T
Matsueda, H
Moore, F
Morino, I
Park, S
Robinson, J
Roehl, CM
Sawa, Y
Sherlock, V
Sweeney, C
Tanaka, T
Zondlo, MA
AF Wunch, D.
Toon, G. C.
Wennberg, P. O.
Wofsy, S. C.
Stephens, B. B.
Fischer, M. L.
Uchino, O.
Abshire, J. B.
Bernath, P.
Biraud, S. C.
Blavier, J. -F. L.
Boone, C.
Bowman, K. P.
Browell, E. V.
Campos, T.
Connor, B. J.
Daube, B. C.
Deutscher, N. M.
Diao, M.
Elkins, J. W.
Gerbig, C.
Gottlieb, E.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Hurst, D. F.
Jimenez, R.
Keppel-Aleks, G.
Kort, E. A.
Macatangay, R.
Machida, T.
Matsueda, H.
Moore, F.
Morino, I.
Park, S.
Robinson, J.
Roehl, C. M.
Sawa, Y.
Sherlock, V.
Sweeney, C.
Tanaka, T.
Zondlo, M. A.
TI Calibration of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network using aircraft
profile data
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; LINE PARAMETERS;
ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-VAPOR; SCALE; O-2; AIR; CH4; REEVALUATION
AB The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) produces precise measurements of the column average dry-air mole fractions of CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and H2O at a variety of sites worldwide. These observations rely on spectroscopic parameters that are not known with sufficient accuracy to compute total columns that can be used in combination with in situ measurements. The TCCON must therefore be calibrated to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in situ trace gas measurement scales. We present a calibration of TCCON data using WMO-scale instrumentation aboard aircraft that measured profiles over four TCCON stations during 2008 and 2009. These calibrations are compared with similar observations made in 2004 and 2006. The results indicate that a single, global calibration factor for each gas accurately captures the TCCON total column data within error.
C1 [Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wofsy, S. C.; Daube, B. C.; Gottlieb, E.; Jimenez, R.; Kort, E. A.; Park, S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Stephens, B. B.; Campos, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Macatangay, R.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Connor, B. J.] BC Consulting Ltd, Alexandra, South Africa.
[Bernath, P.; Boone, C.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Bernath, P.] York Univ, York, N Yorkshire, England.
[Fischer, M. L.; Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Browell, E. V.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Abshire, J. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bowman, K. P.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
[Uchino, O.; Machida, T.; Morino, I.; Tanaka, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Diao, M.; Zondlo, M. A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Gerbig, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany.
[Elkins, J. W.; Hurst, D. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA.
[Hurst, D. F.; Moore, F.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Matsueda, H.; Sawa, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
[Robinson, J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Jimenez, R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Chem & Enivronmental Engn, Bogota 111321, DC, Colombia.
RP Wunch, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM dwunch@gps.caltech.edu
RI Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016; Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Wennberg,
Paul/A-5460-2012; JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/B-6112-2012; Bernath,
Peter/B-6567-2012; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Keppel-Aleks,
Gretchen/A-3239-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Gerbig,
Christoph/L-3532-2013; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Stephens,
Britton/B-7962-2008; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Diao,
Minghui/A-4437-2015; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016
OI Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554; JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/0000-0002-8665-9484;
Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X;
Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603;
Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Stephens,
Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Diao,
Minghui/0000-0003-0324-0897; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research; NASA; DOE; Canadian Space Agency; LBNL-DOE
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Australian Research Council [DP0879468, LP0562346];
Australian Greenhouse Office; National Science Foundation
FX The authors wish to thank Stephanie Vay and Donald R. Blake for guidance
and the use of the INTEX-NA CO2 and CH4 profiles,
respectively. The INTEX-NA data were downloaded from
ftp://ftp-air.larc.nasa.gov/pub/INTEXA/DC8_AIRCRAFT/ on 10 September
2010. NCEP Reanalysis data is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD,
Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/.
Data were obtained through the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)
Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Data were generated by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System
Research Laboratory (ESRL), Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group,
including flask data from Andrews et al. (2009). The Meteorological
Research Institute tower measurements are described by Inoue and
Matsueda (1996). US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial
Ecology Program, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory project and the DOE/ARM
Program. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with
NASA. ACE is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Support for
the Learjet-25 measurements was provided by the NASA ASCENDS development
and ESTO IIP programs. Support for the flask measurements at the SGP ARM
site is from LBNL-DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge funding
for Darwin and Wollongong from the Australian Research Council, Projects
DP0879468 and LP0562346 with the Australian Greenhouse Office. The
National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National
Science Foundation.
NR 46
TC 152
Z9 154
U1 2
U2 39
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 5
BP 1351
EP 1362
DI 10.5194/amt-3-1351-2010
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673KW
UT WOS:000283661300012
ER
PT J
AU de Laat, ATJ
Gloudemans, AMS
Schrijver, H
Aben, I
Nagahama, Y
Suzuki, K
Mahieu, E
Jones, NB
Paton-Walsh, C
Deutscher, NM
Griffith, DWT
De Maziere, M
Mittermeier, RL
Fast, H
Notholt, J
Palm, M
Hawat, T
Blumenstock, T
Hase, F
Schneider, M
Rinsland, C
Dzhola, AV
Grechko, EI
Poberovskii, AM
Makarova, MV
Mellqvist, J
Strandberg, A
Sussmann, R
Borsdorff, T
Rettinger, M
AF de Laat, A. T. J.
Gloudemans, A. M. S.
Schrijver, H.
Aben, I.
Nagahama, Y.
Suzuki, K.
Mahieu, E.
Jones, N. B.
Paton-Walsh, C.
Deutscher, N. M.
Griffith, D. W. T.
De Maziere, M.
Mittermeier, R. L.
Fast, H.
Notholt, J.
Palm, M.
Hawat, T.
Blumenstock, T.
Hase, F.
Schneider, M.
Rinsland, C.
Dzhola, A. V.
Grechko, E. I.
Poberovskii, A. M.
Makarova, M. V.
Mellqvist, J.
Strandberg, A.
Sussmann, R.
Borsdorff, T.
Rettinger, M.
TI Validation of five years (2003-2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column
measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; FTIR MEASUREMENTS; NORTHERN JAPAN; ERROR
ANALYSIS; WFM-DOAS; RETRIEVALS; METHANE; CH4; VARIABILITY; SPACE
AB This paper presents a validation study of SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) carbon monoxide (CO) total column measurements from the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method (IMLM) algorithm using ground-based spectrometer observations from twenty surface stations for the five year time period of 2003-2007.
Overall we find a good agreement between SCIAMACHY and ground-based observations for both mean values as well as seasonal variations. For high-latitude Northern Hemisphere stations absolute differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements are close to or fall within the SCIAMACHY CO 2 sigma precision of 0.2 x 10(18) molecules/cm(2) (similar to 10%) indicating that SCIAMACHY can observe CO accurately at high Northern Hemisphere latitudes.
For Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude stations the validation is complicated due to the vicinity of emission sources for almost all stations, leading to higher ground-based measurements compared to SCIAMACHY CO within its typical sampling area of 8 degrees x 8 degrees.
Comparisons with Northern Hemisphere mountain stations are hampered by elevation effects. After accounting for these effects, the validation provides satisfactory results.
At Southern Hemisphere mid-to high latitudes SCIAMACHY is systematically lower than the ground-based measurements for 2003 and 2004, but for 2005 and later years the differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements fall within the SCIAMACHY precision. The 2003-2004 bias is consistent with previously reported results although its origin remains under investigation.
No other systematic spatial or temporal biases could be identified based on the validation presented in this paper. Validation results are robust with regard to the choices of the instrument-noise error filter, sampling area, and time averaging required for the validation of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements.
Finally, our results show that the spatial coverage of the ground-based measurements available for the validation of the 2003-2007 SCIAMACHY CO columns is sub-optimal for validation purposes, and that the recent and ongoing expansion of the ground-based network by carefully selecting new locations may be very beneficial for SCIAMACHY CO and other satellite trace gas measurements validation efforts.
C1 [de Laat, A. T. J.] KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[de Laat, A. T. J.; Gloudemans, A. M. S.; Schrijver, H.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Nagahama, Y.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Grad Sch Environm & Informat Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Suzuki, K.] Yokohama Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
[Jones, N. B.; Paton-Walsh, C.; Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[De Maziere, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Mittermeier, R. L.; Fast, H.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Notholt, J.; Palm, M.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany.
[Hawat, T.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO USA.
[Blumenstock, T.; Hase, F.; Schneider, M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Rinsland, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Dzhola, A. V.; Grechko, E. I.] St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Phys, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Poberovskii, A. M.; Makarova, M. V.] RAS, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 117901, Russia.
[Mellqvist, J.; Strandberg, A.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Sussmann, R.; Borsdorff, T.; Rettinger, M.] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
RP de Laat, ATJ (reprint author), KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands.
EM laatdej@knmi.nl
RI Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Paton-Walsh,
Clare/B-2774-2009; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Sussmann,
Ralf/K-3999-2012; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Schneider,
Matthias/B-1441-2013; Makarova, Maria/J-4858-2013; Garmisch-Pa,
Ifu/H-9902-2014; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015
OI Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Palm, Mathias/0000-0001-7191-6911;
Mellqvist, Johan/0000-0002-6578-9220; Jones,
Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X;
Paton-Walsh, Clare/0000-0003-1156-4138; Makarova,
Maria/0000-0003-2469-9250; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577
FU German Space Agency DLR; Dutch Space Agency NSO; Belgian Space Agency;
NSO; EU [036677]; DFG
FX SCIAMACHY is a joint project of the German Space Agency DLR and the
Dutch Space Agency NSO with contribution of the Belgian Space Agency. We
thank the Netherlands SCIAMACHY Data Center and ESA for providing data.
The work performed is (partly) financed by NSO. The authors also thank
J. F. Meirink for providing the TM4 model data, the Network for the
Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) for maintaining the
GBS database and the various research groups for making their GBS
observations available to the NDACC. The Solar-Terrestrial Environment
Laboratory (STEL) of Nagoya University, Japan, is thanked for installing
and operating the GBS stations at Moshiri and Rikubetsu and for
providing the spectral data. The Darwin solar measurements and TCCON are
funded by NASA's terrestrial carbon cycle program, grant NNX08AI86G.
Measurements at Bremen and Ny Alesund are partly financed by the
EU-project HYMN and the DFG-project MESOSUB. We acknowledge the EU FP6
project GEOmon (project number 036677) for their support of the
Zugspitze measurements.
NR 36
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 5
BP 1457
EP 1471
DI 10.5194/amt-3-1457-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 673KW
UT WOS:000283661300019
ER
PT J
AU Schneider, M
Toon, GC
Blavier, JF
Hase, F
Leblanc, T
AF Schneider, M.
Toon, G. C.
Blavier, J. -F.
Hase, F.
Leblanc, T.
TI H2O and delta D profiles remotely-sensed from ground in different
spectral infrared regions
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; HIGH-RESOLUTION;
TECHNICAL NOTE; LINE-SHAPE; FTIR; RETRIEVAL; VALIDATION; PARAMETERS;
CYCLE
AB We present ground-based FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) water vapour analyses performed in four different spectral regions: 790-880, 1090-1330, 2650-3180, and 4560-4710 cm(-1). All four regions allow the retrieval of lower, middle, and upper tropospheric water vapour amounts with a vertical resolution of about 3, 6, and 10 km, respectively. In addition the analyses at 1090-1330 and 2650-3180 cm(-1) allow the retrieval of lower and middle/upper tropospheric delta D values with vertical resolutions of 3 and 10 km, respectively. A theoretical and empirical error assessment - taking coincident Vaisala RS92 radiosonde measurements as a reference - suggests that the H2O data retrieved at high wavenumbers are slightly more precise than those retrieved at low wavenumbers. We deduce an H2O profile precision and accuracy of generally better than 20% except for the low wavenumber retrieval at 790-880 cm(-1), where the assessed upper precision limit of middle/upper tropospheric H2O is 35%. The scatter between the H2O profiles produced by the four different retrievals is generally below 20% and the bias below 10%, except for the boundary layer, where it can reach 24%. These values well confirm the theoretical and empirical error assessment and are rather small compared to the huge tropospheric H2O variability of about one order of magnitude thereby demonstrating the large consistency between the different H2O profile retrievals. By comparing the two delta D profile versions we deduce a precision of about 8 and 17 parts per thousand for the lower and middle/upper troposphere, respectively. However, at the same time we observe a systematic difference between the two retrievals of up to 40 parts per thousand in the middle/upper troposphere which is a large value compared to the typical tropospheric delta D variability of only 80 parts per thousand.
C1 [Schneider, M.; Hase, F.] IMK ASF, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Schneider, M (reprint author), CIAI, Agencia Estatal Meteorol AEMET, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain.
EM matthias.schneider@kit.edu
RI Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Geschaftszeichen SCHN 1126/1-1, 1-2];
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; NASA
FX M. Schneider was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via
the project RISOTO (Geschaftszeichen SCHN 1126/1-1 and 1-2) and since
May 2010 he has enjoyed a Ramon y Cajal Grant from the Spanish Ministry
of Science and Innovation. We are grateful to the Goddard Space Flight
Center for providing the temperature and pressure profiles of the
National Centers for Environmental Prediction via the automailer system.
Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA.
NR 36
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1599
EP 1613
DI 10.5194/amt-3-1599-2010
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 698DV
UT WOS:000285573200009
ER
PT J
AU Roscoe, HK
Van Roozendael, M
Fayt, C
du Piesanie, A
Abuhassan, N
Adams, C
Akrami, M
Cede, A
Chong, J
Clemer, K
Friess, U
Ojeda, MG
Goutail, F
Graves, R
Griesfeller, A
Grossmann, K
Hemerijckx, G
Hendrick, F
Herman, J
Hermans, C
Irie, H
Johnston, PV
Kanaya, Y
Kreher, K
Leigh, R
Merlaud, A
Mount, GH
Navarro, M
Oetjen, H
Pazmino, A
Perez-Camacho, M
Peters, E
Pinardi, G
Puentedura, O
Richter, A
Schonhardt, A
Shaiganfar, R
Spinei, E
Strong, K
Takashima, H
Vlemmix, T
Vrekoussis, M
Wagner, T
Wittrock, F
Yela, M
Yilmaz, S
Boersma, F
Hains, J
Kroon, M
Piters, A
Kim, YJ
AF Roscoe, H. K.
Van Roozendael, M.
Fayt, C.
du Piesanie, A.
Abuhassan, N.
Adams, C.
Akrami, M.
Cede, A.
Chong, J.
Clemer, K.
Friess, U.
Ojeda, M. Gil
Goutail, F.
Graves, R.
Griesfeller, A.
Grossmann, K.
Hemerijckx, G.
Hendrick, F.
Herman, J.
Hermans, C.
Irie, H.
Johnston, P. V.
Kanaya, Y.
Kreher, K.
Leigh, R.
Merlaud, A.
Mount, G. H.
Navarro, M.
Oetjen, H.
Pazmino, A.
Perez-Camacho, M.
Peters, E.
Pinardi, G.
Puentedura, O.
Richter, A.
Schoenhardt, A.
Shaiganfar, R.
Spinei, E.
Strong, K.
Takashima, H.
Vlemmix, T.
Vrekoussis, M.
Wagner, T.
Wittrock, F.
Yela, M.
Yilmaz, S.
Boersma, F.
Hains, J.
Kroon, M.
Piters, A.
Kim, Y. J.
TI Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO2 and O-4 by MAX-DOAS
and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CROSS-SECTIONS;
SPECTROSCOPY; BRO; TEMPERATURE; OZONE; RANGE; NM
AB In June 2009, 22 spectrometers from 14 institutes measured tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from the ground for more than 11 days during the Cabauw Intercomparison Campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI), at Cabauw, NL (51.97 degrees N, 4.93 degrees E). All visible instruments used a common wavelength range and set of cross sections for the spectral analysis. Most of the instruments were of the multi-axis design with analysis by differential spectroscopy software (MAX-DOAS), whose non-zenith slant columns were compared by examining slopes of their least-squares straight line fits to mean values of a selection of instruments, after taking 30-min averages. Zenith slant columns near twilight were compared by fits to interpolated values of a reference instrument, then normalised by the mean of the slopes of the best instruments. For visible MAX-DOAS instruments, the means of the fitted slopes for NO2 and O-4 of all except one instrument were within 10% of unity at almost all non-zenith elevations, and most were within 5%. Values for UV MAX-DOAS instruments were almost as good, being 12% and 7%, respectively. For visible instruments at zenith near twilight, the means of the fitted slopes of all instruments were within 5% of unity. This level of agreement is as good as that of previous intercomparisons, despite the site not being ideal for zenith twilight measurements. It bodes well for the future of measurements of tropospheric NO2, as previous intercomparisons were only for zenith instruments focussing on stratospheric NO2, with their longer heritage.
C1 [Roscoe, H. K.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Van Roozendael, M.; Fayt, C.; Clemer, K.; Hemerijckx, G.; Hendrick, F.; Hermans, C.; Merlaud, A.; Pinardi, G.] BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[du Piesanie, A.; Vlemmix, T.; Boersma, F.; Hains, J.; Kroon, M.; Piters, A.] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Abuhassan, N.; Cede, A.; Herman, J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Abuhassan, N.; Cede, A.; Herman, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Adams, C.; Akrami, M.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Ojeda, M. Gil; Navarro, M.; Perez-Camacho, M.; Puentedura, O.; Yela, M.] INTA, Madrid, Spain.
[Friess, U.; Grossmann, K.; Yilmaz, S.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Goutail, F.; Griesfeller, A.; Pazmino, A.] UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France.
[Graves, R.; Leigh, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Irie, H.; Kanaya, Y.; Takashima, H.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Johnston, P. V.; Kreher, K.] NIWA, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Mount, G. H.; Spinei, E.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Oetjen, H.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Peters, E.; Richter, A.; Schoenhardt, A.; Vrekoussis, M.; Wittrock, F.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Shaiganfar, R.; Wagner, T.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
RP Roscoe, HK (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
EM h.roscoe@bas.ac.uk
RI Puentedura, Olga/J-6884-2014; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Wittrock,
Folkard/B-6959-2008; FrieSS, Udo/B-1696-2012; Kanaya, Yugo/C-7446-2012;
Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Navarro-Comas,
Monica/J-6297-2014; Oetjen, Hilke/H-3708-2016; Yela,
Margarita/J-7346-2016; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/G-9424-2012
OI Puentedura, Olga/0000-0002-4286-1867; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632;
Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Wittrock,
Folkard/0000-0002-3024-0211; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635;
Navarro-Comas, Monica/0000-0002-6347-8955; Oetjen,
Hilke/0000-0002-3542-1337; Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156;
Vrekoussis, Mihalis/0000-0001-8292-8352
FU ESA [22202/09/I-EC]; EU [GOCE-CT-2004-505337, FP6-2005-Global-4-036677,
2006-026140, FP/2007-2011, 212520]; British Antarctic Survey; UK's
Natural Environment Research Council; Belgian Federal Science Policy
Office [SD/AT/01A, SD/AT/01B]; University of Bremen; ENVIVAL-life
project [50EE0839]; French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES);
Institut des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Korean government (MEST)
through the Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center
[2010-0000773]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology (MEXT); Japanese Ministry of the Environment [S-7]; User
Support Programme Space Research [EO-091]; Netherlands Space
Organisation; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science;
Centre for Global Change Science at the University of Toronto; Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canadian Foundation for
Innovation; Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change
(CANDAC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AJ28G]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the KNMI staff at Cabauw for their excellent
technical and infrastructure support during the campaign. The CINDI
Campaign was for a large part funded by the ESA project CEOS
Intercalibration of ground-based spectrometers and lidars (ESRIN
contract 22202/09/I-EC) and the EU project ACCENT-AT2
(GOCE-CT-2004-505337). We further acknowledge the support of the EU via
the GEOMON Integrated Project (contract FP6-2005-Global-4-036677). The
participation of Roscoe is partly funded by the British Antarctic
Survey's Polar Science for Planet Earth programme, which is funded by
the UK's Natural Environment Research Council. The work of Clemer was
supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office through the AGACC
project (contract SD/AT/01A and SD/AT/01B). The Bremen instruments are
partly funded by the University of Bremen and the ENVIVAL-life project
(50EE0839); their operation is supported by GEOMON and MULTI-TASTE. The
participation of the CNRS team was supported by the French Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the instruments were funded by
Institut des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU). University of Heidelberg were
partly funded by the EU FP6 Project EUSAAR (2006-026140). The work of
GIST was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of
Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MEST) (2010-0000773)
through the Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center. The
Heidelberg team were partly funded by the EU FP6 Project EUSAAR
(2006-026140). JAMSTEC were supported by the Japan EOS Promotion Program
of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
(MEXT), and by the Global Environment Research Fund (S-7) of the
Japanese Ministry of the Environment. The work of Vlemmix and Piters is
financed by the User Support Programme Space Research via the project
"Atmospheric chemistry instrumentation to strengthen satellite
validation of CESA" (EO-091). The work of Piters, Kroon, Hains, Boersma
and du Piesanie is partly financed by the Netherlands Space Organisation
via the SCIAVISIE and OMI Science projects. MPI were partly funded by EU
Seventh Framework Programme FP/2007-2011 under grant 212520, and would
like to thank Bastian Jacker for logistical support. The participation
of the Toronto team was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate
and Atmospheric Science and the Centre for Global Change Science at the
University of Toronto; the instrument was funded by the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council and the Canadian Foundation for
Innovation, and is usually operated at the Polar Environment Atmospheric
Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of
Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). Washington State University acknowledges
funding support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
grant NNX09AJ28G.
NR 20
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1629
EP 1646
DI 10.5194/amt-3-1629-2010
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 698DV
UT WOS:000285573200011
ER
PT J
AU Cooke, MC
Utembe, SR
Carbajo, PG
Archibald, AT
Orr-Ewing, AJ
Jenkin, ME
Derwent, RG
Lary, DJ
Shallcross, DE
AF Cooke, M. C.
Utembe, S. R.
Carbajo, P. Gorrotxategi
Archibald, A. T.
Orr-Ewing, A. J.
Jenkin, M. E.
Derwent, R. G.
Lary, D. J.
Shallcross, D. E.
TI Impacts of formaldehyde photolysis rates on tropospheric chemistry
SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE formaldehyde; photolysis; global; modelling; HO(x)
ID INTERMEDIATES CRI MECHANISM; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CONVECTION;
EMISSION; HYDROGEN; OZONE; NM
AB A global chemistry transport model is employed to investigate the impact of recent laboratory determinations of photolysis parameters for formaldehyde on concentrations of tropospheric trace gases. Using the new laboratory data, the photolysis of formaldehyde is a more significant removal pathway. HO(x) levels are increased with the greatest changes towards the top of the troposphere and the poles, making formaldehyde a more significant source of upper tropospheric HO(x) than previously thought. Global totals of ozone and secondary organic aerosol increase with the rise in ozone being more significant at higher solar zenith angles. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Cooke, M. C.; Utembe, S. R.; Carbajo, P. Gorrotxategi; Archibald, A. T.; Orr-Ewing, A. J.; Jenkin, M. E.; Shallcross, D. E.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
[Jenkin, M. E.] Atmospher Chem Serv, Okehampton EX20 1FB, Devon, England.
[Derwent, R. G.] Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England.
[Lary, D. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Cooke, MC (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
EM chmcc@bristol.ac.uk
RI Utembe, Steven/C-4713-2016;
OI Utembe, Steven/0000-0002-2741-3142; Archibald,
Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X;
Orr-Ewing, Andrew/0000-0001-5551-9609
FU EPSRC [CHEM.SB1729.6525]; UK Natural Environmental Research Council
(NERC) [NE/D001846/1, NER/T/S/2000/00294, NE/D001498/1]; Marie Curie EU
[MEST-CT-2004-514499]; Royal Society; Wolfson Foundation; UK Defra
[AQ0902]
FX This work was supported by EPSRC with studentship number
CHEM.SB1729.6525 for MCC; UK Natural Environmental Research Council
(NERC) support for SRU is gratefully acknowledged through Grant
NE/D001846/1, as part of the QUEST Deglaciation project; ATA thanks the
Met. Office and GWR for funding and PGC acknowledges financial support
from the Marie Curie EU project BREATHE (MEST-CT-2004-514499). AJOE
thanks the Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation for a Research Merit
Award. The formaldehyde photochemical data were obtained with support
from NERC Grants NER/T/S/2000/00294 and NE/D001498/1. The development of
STOCHEM was supported by UK Defra under their SSNIP Contract AQ0902 to
RGD.
NR 25
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1530-261X
J9 ATMOS SCI LETT
JI Atmos. Sci. Lett.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 1
BP 33
EP 38
DI 10.1002/asl.251
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 566TE
UT WOS:000275395300006
ER
PT J
AU Landi, E
Bhatia, AK
AF Landi, E.
Bhatia, A. K.
TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ni XIV
SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; EMISSION-LINES;
TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; FORBIDDEN LINES;
CROSS-SECTIONS; CO-XIII; WAVELENGTHS; ANGSTROM
AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ni XIV. We include in the calculations all the configurations belonging to the n = 3 complex, and provide data for the lowest 143 fine-structure levels, belonging to the configurations 3s(2)3p(3), 3s3p(4), 3s(2)3p(2)3d, 3p(5), 3s3p(3)3d, and 3s(2)3p3d(2). Collision strengths are calculated at six incident energies for all transitions: 0.112, 8.07, 21.3, 43.4. 80.3, and 141.8 Ry above the threshold of each transition. Calculations have been carried out using the Flexible Atomic Code. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) and at an electron temperature of log T(e) (K) = 6.3, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ni XIV. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This data set is available in version 6.0 of the CHIANTI database. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Landi, E.; Bhatia, A. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Landi, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Landi, E.] ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7662,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM enrico.landi@nrl.navy.mil
RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011
FU NASA [NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P]
FX The work of Enrico Landi is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, and
other NASA Grants. Calculations were carried out using the Discover
computer of the NASA Center for Computation Science.
NR 29
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0092-640X
J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA
JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 1
BP 52
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.adt.2009.09.002
PG 33
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA 526GO
UT WOS:000272275900003
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, DR
Ramsey, D
Johnson, K
Kola, J
Ricci, R
Hicks, C
Borckardt, JJ
Bloomberg, JJ
Epstein, C
George, MS
AF Roberts, Donna R.
Ramsey, David
Johnson, Kevin
Kola, Jejo
Ricci, Raffaella
Hicks, Christian
Borckardt, Jeffrey J.
Bloomberg, Jacob J.
Epstein, Charles
George, Mark S.
TI Cerebral Cortex Plasticity After 90 Days of Bed Rest: Data from TMS and
fMRI
SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE functional MRI (fMRI); transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); motor;
performance
ID TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX; CORTICOSPINAL
EXCITABILITY; CORTICAL EXCITABILITY; LIMB IMMOBILIZATION;
PARKINSONS-DISEASE; WRITERS CRAMP; MODULATION; DEAFFERENTATION;
REORGANIZATION
AB Introduction: Microgravity animal models have demonstrated corticospinal plasticity; however, little is understood of its functional significance. In this pilot study, we explored corticospinal plasticity in a bed rest model. We hypothesized that the lack of weight bearing would induce cortical reorganization correlating with performance. Methods: Four subjects underwent functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and functional mobility testing (FMT) before and after 90 d of bed rest. Recruitment curves (RC) were created by measuring motor evoked potentials over a range of TMS intensities with changes in the slope of the RC reflecting changes in corticospinal excitability. Results: Significant leg RC slope decreases were observed on post-bed rest day 1 (P1) (t(2805) = -4.14, P < 0.0001), P2 (t(2805) = -6.59, P < 0.0001), P3 (t(2805) = -6.15, P < 0.0001), P5 (t(2805) = -7.93, P < 0.0001), P8 (t(2805) = -3.30, P = 0.001), and P12 (t(2805)= -3.33, P = 0.0009), suggesting a group decrease in corticospinal excitability in the immediate post-bed rest period with recovery approaching baseline over the following 2 wk. Significant effects were observed for hand RC slopes only for P2 (t(291 6) = 1.97, P = 0.049), P3 (t(291 6) = -2.12, P = 0.034), and P12 (t(2916) = -2.19, P = 0.029); no significant effects were observed for days P0 (t(2916) = -1.32, ns), P1 (t(2916) = 1.00, ns), P5 (t(2916) = -0.21, ns), or P8 (t(2916) = -0.27, ns). fMRI showed no change in activation for the hand but an increase in activation post-bed rest for the leg. On an individual basis, a more heterogeneous response was found which showed a potential association with performance on FMT Discussion: Results of this research include a better understanding of the cortical plasticity associated with leg disuse and may lead to applications in patient and astronaut rehabilitation.
C1 [Roberts, Donna R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
[Roberts, Donna R.; Ramsey, David; Johnson, Kevin; Kola, Jejo; Ricci, Raffaella; Hicks, Christian; Borckardt, Jeffrey J.; George, Mark S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Adv Imaging Res, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
[Ramsey, David] S Carolina Res Author, Charleston, SC USA.
[Ricci, Raffaella] Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Turin, Italy.
[Borckardt, Jeffrey J.; George, Mark S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
[Bloomberg, Jacob J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Epstein, Charles] Emory Univ, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Roberts, DR (reprint author), 169 Ashley Ave,POB 250322, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
EM robertdr@musc.edu
OI Ricci, Raffaella/0000-0003-3422-2552
FU NASA [NNJ04HF70G]; NIH [NNJ06HB811]
FX We thank Dr. Janice V. Meck and the NASA and UTMB bed rest teams for
their invaluable assistance. Supported by NASA grant number NNJ04HF70G
and NIH grant number NNJ06HB811.
NR 44
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 5
PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA
SN 0095-6562
J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD
JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 1
BP 30
EP 40
DI 10.3357/ASEM.2532.2009
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal; Sport Sciences
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal
Medicine; Sport Sciences
GA 539QB
UT WOS:000273270900007
PM 20058735
ER
PT J
AU Lee, SMC
Moore, AD
Everett, ME
Stenger, MB
Platts, SH
AF Lee, Stuart M. C.
Moore, Alan D.
Everett, Meghan E.
Stenger, Michael B.
Platts, Steven H.
TI Aerobic Exercise Deconditioning and Countermeasures During Bed Rest
SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Review
DE spaceflight; aerobic endurance; maximal aerobic capacity
ID BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; HEAD-DOWN TILT; INDUCED BONE LOSS; MIDDLE-AGED
MEN; EARLY CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATION; SPACE SUIT BIOENERGETICS;
BLOOD-FLOW DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY;
MAXIMAL EXERCISE
AB Bed rest is a well-accepted model for spaceflight in which the physiologic adaptations, particularly in the cardiovascular system, are studied and potential countermeasures can be tested. Bed rest without countermeasures results in reduced aerobic capacity and altered submaximal exercise responses. Aerobic endurance and factors which may impact prolonged exercise, however, have not been well studied. The initial loss of aerobic capacity is rapid, occurring in parallel with the loss of plasma volume. Thereafter, the reduction in maximal aerobic capacity proceeds more slowly and is influenced by central and peripheral adaptation. Exercise capacity can be maintained during bed rest and may be improved during recovery with appropriate countermeasures. Plasma volume restoration, resistive exercise, orthostatic stress, aerobic exercise, and aerobic exercise plus orthostatic stress all have been tested with varying levels of success. However, the optimal combination of elements-exercise modality, intensity, duration, muscle groups exercised and frequency of aerobic exercise, orthostatic stress, and supplementary resistive or anaerobic exercise training-has not been systematically evaluated. Currently, frequent (at least 3 days per week) bouts of intense exercise (interval-style and near maximal) with orthostatic stress appears to be the most efficacious method to protect aerobic capacity during bed rest. Further refinement of protocols and countermeasure hardware may be necessary to insure the success of countermeasures in the unique environment of space.
C1 [Platts, Steven H.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Lee, Stuart M. C.; Stenger, Michael B.] Wyle Integrated Sci & Engn Grp, Cardiovasc Lab, Houston, TX USA.
[Moore, Alan D.] Wyle Integrated Sci & Engn Grp, Exercise Physiol & Countermeasures Project, Houston, TX USA.
[Everett, Meghan E.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA.
RP Platts, SH (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy,Mail Code SK, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM steven.platts-1@nasa.gov
FU NASA Human Research Program
FX The authors wish to thank the NASA Human Research Program for their
support of this manuscript; Kim So and Janine Bolton of the Space Life
Sciences Library for their assistance with obtaining reference
materials; and Lesley Lee, Kirk English, and Chris Miller for their
editorial comments.
NR 153
TC 17
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 8
PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA
SN 0095-6562
J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD
JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 1
BP 52
EP 63
DI 10.3357/ASEM.2474.2010
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal; Sport Sciences
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal
Medicine; Sport Sciences
GA 539QB
UT WOS:000273270900010
PM 20058738
ER
PT J
AU Wong, WC
Dudinsky, LA
Garcia, VM
Ott, CM
Castro, VA
AF Wong, Wing C.
Dudinsky, Lynn A.
Garcia, Veronica M.
Ott, Charlie M.
Castro, Victoria A.
TI Efficacy of various chemical disinfectants on biofilms formed in
spacecraft potable water system components
SO BIOFOULING
LA English
DT Article
DE international space station; water recovery system; spacecraft potable
water dispesnser; hydrogen peroxide; colloidal silver; biofilms
AB As the provision of potable water is critical for successful habitation of the International Space Station (ISS), life support systems were installed in December 2008 to recycle both humidity from the atmosphere and urine to conserve available water in the Station. In-flight pre-consumption testing from the dispensing needle at the Potable Water Dispenser (PWD) indicated that bacterial concentrations exceeded the current ISS specifications of 50 colony-forming units (CFU) ml(-1). Subsequent investigations revealed that a corrugated stainless steel flex hose upstream of the dispensing needle in the PWD was filled with nonsterile water and left at room temperature for more than 1 month before launch. To simulate biofilm formation that was suspected in the flight system, sterile flex hoses were seeded with a consortium of bacterial isolates previously recovered from other ISS water systems, including Ralstonia pickettii, Burkholderia multivorans, Caulobacter vibrioides, and Cupriavidus pauculus. After incubation for 5 days, the hoses were challenged with various chemical disinfectants including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), colloidal silver, and buffered pH solutions to determine the ability of the disinfectants to decrease and maintain bacterial concentrations below ISS specifications. The disinfection efficacy over time was measured by collecting daily heterotrophic plate counts after exposure to the disinfectants. A single flush with either 6% H(2)O(2) solution or a mixture of 3% H(2)O(2) and 400 ppb colloidal silver effectively reduced the bacterial concentrations to 51 CFU ml(-1) for a period of up to 3 months.
C1 [Wong, Wing C.; Dudinsky, Lynn A.; Garcia, Veronica M.; Castro, Victoria A.] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA.
[Ott, Charlie M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Wong, WC (reprint author), Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA.
EM wing.wong-1@nasa.gov
OI Garcia, Veronica/0000-0002-7112-3003
NR 4
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0892-7014
J9 BIOFOULING
JI Biofouling
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 5
BP 583
EP 586
DI 10.1080/08927014.2010.495772
PG 4
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 617TE
UT WOS:000279303700009
PM 20544435
ER
PT J
AU Giglio, L
Randerson, JT
van der Werf, GR
Kasibhatla, PS
Collatz, GJ
Morton, DC
DeFries, RS
AF Giglio, L.
Randerson, J. T.
van der Werf, G. R.
Kasibhatla, P. S.
Collatz, G. J.
Morton, D. C.
DeFries, R. S.
TI Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging
multiple satellite fire products
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN AFRICA; MODIS; EMISSIONS; VIRS
AB Long term, high quality estimates of burned area are needed for improving both prognostic and diagnostic fire emissions models and for assessing feedbacks between fire and the climate system. We developed global, monthly burned area estimates aggregated to 0.5 degrees spatial resolution for the time period July 1996 through mid-2009 using four satellite data sets. From 2001-2009, our primary data source was 500-m burned area maps produced using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance imagery; more than 90% of the global area burned during this time period was mapped in this fashion. During times when the 500-m MODIS data were not available, we used a combination of local regression and regional regression trees developed over periods when burned area and Terra MODIS active fire data were available to indirectly estimate burned area. Cross-calibration with fire observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) allowed the data set to be extended prior to the MODIS era. With our data set we estimated that the global annual area burned for the years 1997-2008 varied between 330 and 431 Mha, with the maximum occurring in 1998. We compared our data set to the recent GFED2, L3JRC, GLOBCARBON, and MODIS MCD45A1 global burned area products and found substantial differences in many regions. Lastly, we assessed the interannual variability and long-term trends in global burned area over the past 13 years. This burned area time series serves as the basis for the third version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED3) estimates of trace gas and aerosol emissions.
C1 [Giglio, L.; Collatz, G. J.; Morton, D. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Giglio, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Randerson, J. T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
[van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Kasibhatla, P. S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA.
[DeFries, R. S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA.
RP Giglio, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM louis.giglio@ssaihq.com
RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012; van der Werf,
Guido/M-8260-2016;
OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Kasibhatla,
Prasad/0000-0003-3562-3737
FU NASA [NNX08AF64G, NNX08AE97A, NNX08AL03G, NNX08AQ04G]
FX We thank Mingquan Mu for helpful technical discussions. Both the ATSR
World Fire Atlas and the GLOBCARBON burned area product are made
available through the European Space Agency. This work was supported by
NASA grants NNX08AF64G, NNX08AE97A, NNX08AL03G, and NNX08AQ04G.ATSR
World Fire Atlas and the GLOBCARBON burned area product are made
available through the European Space Agency. This work was supported by
NASA grants NNX08AF64G, NNX08AE97A, NNX08AL03G, and NNX08AQ04G.
NR 26
TC 262
Z9 265
U1 8
U2 71
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 3
BP 1171
EP 1186
PG 16
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 576WJ
UT WOS:000276180300026
ER
PT J
AU Carvalhais, N
Reichstein, M
Collatz, GJ
Mahecha, MD
Migliavacca, M
Neigh, CSR
Tomelleri, E
Benali, AA
Papale, D
Seixas, J
AF Carvalhais, N.
Reichstein, M.
Collatz, G. J.
Mahecha, M. D.
Migliavacca, M.
Neigh, C. S. R.
Tomelleri, E.
Benali, A. A.
Papale, D.
Seixas, J.
TI Deciphering the components of regional net ecosystem fluxes following a
bottom-up approach for the Iberian Peninsula
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS;
CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; TERRESTRIAL CARBON; SOIL
CARBON; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GLOBAL SATELLITE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
PROCESS MODEL
AB Quantification of ecosystem carbon pools is a fundamental requirement for estimating carbon fluxes and for addressing the dynamics and responses of the terrestrial carbon cycle to environmental drivers. The initial estimates of carbon pools in terrestrial carbon cycle models often rely on the ecosystem steady state assumption, leading to initial equilibrium conditions. In this study, we investigate how trends and inter-annual variability of net ecosystem fluxes are affected by initial non-steady state conditions. Further, we examine how modeled ecosystem responses induced exclusively by the model drivers can be separated from the initial conditions. For this, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model is optimized at set of European eddy covariance sites, which support the parameterization of regional simulations of ecosystem fluxes for the Iberian Peninsula, between 1982 and 2006.
The presented analysis stands on a credible model performance for a set of sites, that represent generally well the plant functional types and selected descriptors of climate and phenology present in the Iberian region - except for a limited Northwestern area. The effects of initial conditions on inter-annual variability and on trends, results mostly from the recovery of pools to equilibrium conditions; which control most of the inter-annual variability (IAV) and both the magnitude and sign of most of the trends. However, by removing the time series of pure model recovery from the time series of the overall fluxes, we are able to retrieve estimates of interannual variability and trends in net ecosystem fluxes that are quasi-independent from the initial conditions. This approach reduced the sensitivity of the net fluxes to initial conditions from 47% and 174% to -3% and 7%, for strong initial sink and source conditions, respectively.
With the aim to identify and improve understanding of the component fluxes that drive the observed trends, the net ecosystem production (NEP) trends are decomposed into net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (R-H) trends. The majority (similar to 97%) of the positive trends in NEP is observed in regions where both NPP and RH fluxes show significant increases, although the magnitude of NPP trends is higher. Analogously, similar to 83% of the negative trends in NEP are also associated with negative trends in NPP. The spatial patterns of NPP trends are mainly explained by the trends in fAPAR (r = 0.79) and are only marginally explained by trends in temperature and water stress scalars (r = 0.10 and r = 0.25, respectively). Further, we observe the significant role of substrate availability (r = 0.25) and temperature (r = 0.23) in explaining the spatial patterns of trends in R-H. These results highlight the role of primary production in driving ecosystem fluxes.
Overall, our study illustrates an approach for removing the confounding effects of initial conditions and emphasizes the need to decompose the ecosystem fluxes into its components and drivers for more mechanistic interpretations of modeling results. We expect that our results are not only specific for the CASA model since it incorporates concepts of ecosystem functioning and modeling assumptions common to biogeochemical models. A direct implication of these results is the ability of this approach to detect climate and phenology induced trends regardless of the initial conditions.
C1 [Carvalhais, N.; Benali, A. A.; Seixas, J.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Ciencias & Engn Ambiente, DCEA, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol,FCT, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal.
[Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.; Mahecha, M. D.; Tomelleri, E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
[Collatz, G. J.; Neigh, C. S. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Migliavacca, M.] Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
[Papale, D.] Univ Tuscia, DISAFRI, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente Forestale & Sue Risorse, Viterbo, Italy.
RP Carvalhais, N (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Ciencias & Engn Ambiente, DCEA, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol,FCT, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal.
EM ncarvalhais@gmail.com
RI Mahecha, Miguel/F-2443-2010; Neigh, Christopher/D-4700-2012; collatz,
george/D-5381-2012; Migliavacca, mirco/C-1260-2011; Reichstein,
Markus/A-7494-2011; Seixas, Julia/K-9400-2013
OI Mahecha, Miguel/0000-0003-3031-613X; Carvalhais,
Nuno/0000-0003-0465-1436; Papale, Dario/0000-0001-5170-8648; Benali,
Akli/0000-0002-4325-3804; Neigh, Christopher/0000-0002-5322-6340;
Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Seixas,
Julia/0000-0003-0355-0465
FU CarboEurope-Integrated Project [GOCE-CT-2003-505572]; Portuguese
Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PTDC/AGR-CFL/69733/2006];
CARBO-Extreme project [FP7-ENV-2008-1-226701]; European Union
[SFRH/BD/6517/2001]; Max-Planck-Society
FX We would like to thank Nicolas Delpierre, Ivan Janssens and Leonardo
Montagnani for useful comments on the manuscript, as well as to Arnaud
Carrara for vivid discussions on representativeness issues. We are also
deeply grateful to Ronald P. Neilson and Andrew Friend for reviewing and
contributing to the clearness and discussion of this work. We thank very
much Jim Tucker, Ed Pak and Jorge Pinzon for the GIMMS NDVI datasets, as
well as to all the teams working at the eddy-covariance sites for
setting available the site level datasets. The temperature and solar
radiation data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System used in
this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science
Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences
(GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). We thank the European
Environmental Agency (Copenhagen) for setting available online the
CORINE land cover. Research leading to flux data and scientific insight
was supported by the CarboEurope-Integrated Project GOCE-CT-2003-505572.
This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and
Technology (FCT) under the MOD-NET project (contract no.
PTDC/AGR-CFL/69733/2006) and by the CARBO-Extreme project
(FP7-ENV-2008-1-226701). NC acknowledges the support given by the
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), the European
Union under Operational Program "Science and Innovation" (POCI 2010),
PhD grant ref. SFRH/BD/6517/2001. NC, MDM and MR are grateful to the
Max-Planck-Society for supporting the Max-Planck Research Group for
Biogeochemical Model-Data Integration.
NR 103
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 11
BP 3707
EP 3729
DI 10.5194/bg-7-3707-2010
PG 23
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 687DQ
UT WOS:000284756300020
ER
PT J
AU Fatoyinbo, TE
Armstrong, AH
AF Fatoyinbo, Temilola E.
Armstrong, Amanda H.
BE Momba, M
Bux, F
TI Remote Characterization of Biomass Measurements: Case Study of Mangrove
Forests
SO BIOMASS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID RADAR BACKSCATTERING; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; ELEVATION DATA; ALLOMETRY;
MODELS; SAR
C1 [Fatoyinbo, Temilola E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Armstrong, Amanda H.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Fatoyinbo, TE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 36
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU INTECH EUROPE
PI RIJEKA
PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA
BN 978-953-307-113-8
PY 2010
BP 65
EP 78
D2 10.5772/275
PG 14
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels
GA BD7YK
UT WOS:000363693100004
ER
PT J
AU Balaraman, GS
Wagner, J
Mukherjee, R
Jain, A
Vaidehi, N
AF Balaraman, Gouthaman S.
Wagner, Jeff
Mukherjee, Rudranarayan
Jain, Abhinandan
Vaidehi, Nagarajan
TI GNEIMO: Constrained Molecular Dynamics Methods For Long Time Scale
Simulation of Macromolecules
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Balaraman, Gouthaman S.; Vaidehi, Nagarajan] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA USA.
[Wagner, Jeff; Mukherjee, Rudranarayan; Jain, Abhinandan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 98
IS 3
SU 1
BP 11A
EP 11A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA V29QD
UT WOS:000208762000060
ER
PT J
AU Palma, E
Gomez, D
Galicia, E
Griko, YV
AF Palma, Ervin
Gomez, David
Galicia, Eugene
Griko, Yuri V.
TI Comparative Study of the Effect of UV-VS. Gamma Radiation on Human Hair
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Palma, Ervin; Gomez, David] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Galicia, Eugene] Eloret Co, Sunnyvale, CA USA.
[Griko, Yuri V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 98
IS 3
SU 1
BP 46A
EP 46A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA V29QD
UT WOS:000208762000240
ER
PT B
AU Andrews, RJ
AF Andrews, Russell J.
BE Ritsner, MS
TI Neuromodulation for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Novel Techniques - Vagus
Nerve Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
Direct Current Stimulation, and Deep Brain Stimulation
SO BRAIN PROTECTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA, MOOD AND COGNITIVE DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SUBTHALAMIC
NUCLEUS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; EFFICACY; SAFETY; TRIAL;
POLARIZATION; RELEASE
AB The last two decades have seen the development of several neuromodulation techniques that have been applied to the problem of severe, medication-refractory depression notably vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation. The four techniques are here reviewed from the standpoint of the hardware involved, the techniques of application, the biological effects of the stimulation on the brain (with an emphasis on neuroprotection), and the results obtained in neuropsychiatric disorders to date. Vagus nerve stimulation involves stimulation of the vagus nerve in the cervical region via an electrode encircling the nerve, with that stimulation resulting in effects on many regions in the brain. Transcranial magnetic stimulation uses a focused magnetic field to induce, through the intact skull, electrical stimulation in a specific region of the brain. Transcranial direct current stimulation induces a small current in a portion of the brain, also through the intact skull, via cathode and anode electrodes placed on the scalp. Deep brain stimulation employs a small number of electrodes (usually two one for each hemisphere) placed through hole(s) in the skull into a specific brain nucleus; the effect of deep brain stimulation as it is presently performed is to reversibly ablate the function of that nucleus or region. Given the rapid developments in the neural-electrical interface, anticipated future developments in deep brain stimulation are considered as well.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames Associate Smart Syst & Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Andrews, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames Associate Smart Syst & Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM rja@russelljandrews.org
NR 58
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-90-481-8552-8
PY 2010
BP 637
EP 657
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8553-5_21
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8553-5
PG 21
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA BQD33
UT WOS:000280733000021
ER
PT J
AU Rabier, F
Bouchard, A
Brun, E
Doerenbecher, A
Guedj, S
Guidard, V
Karbou, F
Peuch, VH
El Amraoui, L
Puech, D
Genthon, C
Picard, G
Town, M
Hertzog, A
Vial, F
Cocquerez, P
Cohn, SA
Hock, T
Fox, J
Cole, H
Parsons, D
Powers, J
Romberg, K
VanAndel, J
Deshler, T
Mercer, J
Haase, JS
Avallone, L
Kalnajs, L
Mechoso, CR
Tangborn, A
Pellegrini, A
Frenot, Y
Thepaut, JN
McNally, A
Balsamo, G
Steinle, P
AF Rabier, Florence
Bouchard, Aurelie
Brun, Eric
Doerenbecher, Alexis
Guedj, Stephanie
Guidard, Vincent
Karbou, Fatima
Peuch, Vincent-Henri
El Amraoui, Laaziz
Puech, Dominique
Genthon, Christophe
Picard, Ghislain
Town, Michael
Hertzog, Albert
Vial, Francois
Cocquerez, Philippe
Cohn, Stephen A.
Hock, Terry
Fox, Jack
Cole, Hal
Parsons, David
Powers, Jordan
Romberg, Keith
VanAndel, Joseph
Deshler, Terry
Mercer, Jennifer
Haase, Jennifer S.
Avallone, Linnea
Kalnajs, Lars
Mechoso, C. Roberto
Tangborn, Andrew
Pellegrini, Andrea
Frenot, Yves
Thepaut, Jean-Noel
McNally, Anthony
Balsamo, Gianpaolo
Steinle, Peter
TI THE CONCORDIASI PROJECT IN ANTARCTICA
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-SURFACE EMISSIVITIES; MICROWAVE LAND; DATA ASSIMILATION;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; SSM/I OBSERVATIONS; SKIN
TEMPERATURE; OZONE; SYSTEM; WINTER
AB The Concordiasi project is making innovative observations of the atmosphere above Antarctica. The most important goals of the Concordiasi are as follows:
1. To enhance the accuracy of weather prediction and climate records in Antarctica through the assimilation of in situ and satellite data, with an emphasis on data provided by hyperspectral infrared sounders. The focus is on clouds, precipitation, and the mass budget of the ice sheets. The improvements in dynamical model analyses and forecasts will be used in chemical-transport models that describe the links between the polar vortex dynamics and ozone depletion, and to advance the understanding of the Earth system by examining the interactions between Antarctica and lower latitudes.
2. To improve our understanding of microphysical and dynamical processes controlling the polar ozone, by providing the first quasi-Lagrangian observations of stratospheric ozone and particles, in addition to an improved characterization of the 3D polar vortex dynamics. Techniques for assimilating these Lagrangian observations are being developed.
A major Concordiasi component is a field experiment during the austral springs of 2008-10. The field activities in 2010 are based on a constellation of up to 18 long-duration stratospheric super-pressure balloons (SPBs) deployed from the McMurdo station. Six of these balloons will carry GPS receivers and in situ instruments measuring temperature, pressure, ozone, and particles. Twelve of the balloons will release drop-sondes on demand for measuring atmospheric parameters. Lastly, radiosounding measurements are collected at various sites, including the Concordia station.
C1 [Rabier, Florence; Bouchard, Aurelie; Brun, Eric; Doerenbecher, Alexis; Guedj, Stephanie; Guidard, Vincent; Karbou, Fatima; Peuch, Vincent-Henri; El Amraoui, Laaziz; Puech, Dominique] Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Rabier, Florence; Bouchard, Aurelie; Brun, Eric; Doerenbecher, Alexis; Guedj, Stephanie; Guidard, Vincent; Karbou, Fatima; Peuch, Vincent-Henri; El Amraoui, Laaziz; Puech, Dominique] CNRS, Toulouse, France.
[Genthon, Christophe; Picard, Ghislain; Town, Michael] LGGE, Grenoble, France.
[Hertzog, Albert; Vial, Francois] LMD, Paris, France.
[Cocquerez, Philippe] CNES, Toulouse, France.
[Cohn, Stephen A.; Hock, Terry; Fox, Jack; Cole, Hal; Parsons, David; Powers, Jordan; Romberg, Keith; VanAndel, Joseph] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Deshler, Terry; Mercer, Jennifer] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Haase, Jennifer S.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Avallone, Linnea; Kalnajs, Lars] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mechoso, C. Roberto] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Tangborn, Andrew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Pellegrini, Andrea] PNRA, Rome, Italy.
[Frenot, Yves] IPEV, Brest, France.
[Thepaut, Jean-Noel; McNally, Anthony; Balsamo, Gianpaolo] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England.
[Steinle, Peter] CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Rabier, F (reprint author), Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, 42 Av Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
EM florence.rabier@meteo.fr
RI Peuch, Vincent-Henri/A-7308-2008; Hertzog, Albert/A-2899-2012; Picard,
Ghislain/D-4246-2013; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/I-3362-2013; Pellegrini,
Andrea/O-3094-2015
OI Picard, Ghislain/0000-0003-1475-5853; Balsamo,
Gianpaolo/0000-0002-1745-3634; Pellegrini, Andrea/0000-0001-5577-7472
FU Meteo-France; CNES; IPEV; PNRA; CNRS/INSU; NSF; UCAR; University of
Wyoming; Purdue University; University of Colorado; ECMWF
FX Concordiasi was built by an international scientific group and is
currently supported by the following agencies: Meteo-France, CNES, IPEV,
PNRA, CNRS/INSU, NSF, UCAR, University of Wyoming, Purdue University,
University of Colorado, and ECMWF. The two operational polar agencies
PNRA and IPEV are thanked for their support at Concordia station and at
the coast of Adelie Land. The NSF is thanked for its support at the
McMurdo base. Concordiasi is part of the IPY-THORPEX cluster within the
International Polar Year effort. (Detailed information on Concordiasi is
available online at www.cnrm.meteo.fr/concordiasi/.)
NR 64
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 1
BP 69
EP 86
DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2764.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 567CO
UT WOS:000275420100005
ER
PT J
AU Gamon, JA
Coburn, C
Flanagan, LB
Huemmrich, KF
Kiddle, C
Sanchez-Azofeifa, GA
Thayer, DR
Vescovo, L
Gianelle, D
Sims, DA
Rahman, AF
Pastorello, GZ
AF Gamon, J. A.
Coburn, C.
Flanagan, L. B.
Huemmrich, K. F.
Kiddle, C.
Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A.
Thayer, D. R.
Vescovo, L.
Gianelle, D.
Sims, D. A.
Rahman, A. F.
Pastorello, G. Z.
TI SpecNet revisited: bridging flux and remote sensing communities
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 30th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing
CY JUN 22-25, 2009
CL Lethbridge, CANADA
SP Canadian Remote Sensing Soc
ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL
REFLECTANCE INDEX; CALIFORNIA CHAPARRAL ECOSYSTEM; GROSS PRIMARY
PRODUCTION; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; CANOPY LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION INDEXES;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE
AB Spectral Network (SpecNet) began as a Working Group in 2003 with the goals of integrating remote sensing with biosphere-atmosphere carbon flux measurements and standardizing field optical sampling methods. SpecNet has evolved into an international network of collaborating sites and investigators, with a particular focus on matching optical sampling tools to the temporal and spatial scale of flux measurements and ecological sampling. Current emphasis within the SpecNet community is on greater automation of field optical sampling using simple cost-effective technologies, improving the light-use-efficiency (LUE) model of carbon dioxide flux, consideration of view and illumination angle to improve physiological retrievals, and incorporation of informatics and cyberinfrastructure solutions that address the increasing data dimensionality of cross-site and multiscale sampling. In this review, we summarize recent findings and current directions within the SpecNet community and provide recommendations for the larger remote sensing and flux communities. These recommendations include comparing the LUE model to other flux models driven by remote sensing, considering a wider array of biogenic trace gases in addition to carbon dioxide, adoption of standardized and automated field sensors and sampling protocols where possible, continued development of cyberinfrastructure tools to facilitate data comparison and integration, expanding the network itself so that a greater range of sites are covered by combined optical and flux measurements, and encouraging a broader communication between the flux and remote sensing communities.
C1 [Gamon, J. A.; Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A.; Thayer, D. R.; Pastorello, G. Z.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
[Coburn, C.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
[Flanagan, L. B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
[Huemmrich, K. F.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kiddle, C.] Univ Calgary, Dept Comp Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Vescovo, L.; Gianelle, D.] Fondazione Edmund Mach I, Environm & Nat Resources Area, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, I-38100 Trento, Italy.
[Sims, D. A.; Rahman, A. F.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RP Gamon, JA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
EM jgamon@gmail.com
RI Thayer, Donnette/D-7735-2012; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Gianelle,
Damiano/G-9437-2011; Pastorello, Gilberto/N-8395-2015
OI Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Gianelle,
Damiano/0000-0001-7697-5793; Pastorello, Gilberto/0000-0002-9387-3702
NR 107
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 5
U2 26
PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST
PI KANATA
PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA
SN 1712-7971
J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS
JI Can. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2010
VL 36
SU 2
SI SI
BP S376
EP S390
PG 15
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA 713HG
UT WOS:000286725700016
ER
PT S
AU Moisan, JR
AF Moisan, John R.
BE Liu, KK
Atkinson, L
Quinones, R
TalaueMcManus, L
TI Coupled Circulation/Biogeochemical Models to Estimate Carbon Flux
SO CARBON AND NUTRIENT FLUXES IN CONTINENTAL MARGINS: A GLOBAL SYNTHESIS
SE Global Change The IGBP Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 NASA, Ocean Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Proc, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
RP Moisan, JR (reprint author), NASA, Ocean Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Proc, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
EM John.R.Moisan@NASA.gov
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1619-2435
BN 978-3-540-92734-1
J9 GLOB CHANGE IGBP SER
PY 2010
BP 539
EP 558
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-92735-2_12
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-92735-8
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BNL20
UT WOS:000274846600012
ER
PT J
AU Kaul, AB
Epp, L
AF Kaul, Anupama B.
Epp, Larry
BE Marulanda, JM
TI Suspended Carbon Nanotubes: Applications in Physical Sensors and
Actuators
SO CARBON NANOTUBES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCHES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; PRESSURE SENSORS;
TEMPERATURE; NANOFIBER; EMISSION; GRAPHENE; SILICON
C1 [Kaul, Anupama B.; Epp, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kaul, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 49
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU INTECH EUROPE
PI RIJEKA
PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA
BN 978-953-307-054-4
PY 2010
BP 375
EP 394
PG 20
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BD7WE
UT WOS:000363643700021
ER
PT S
AU Hagopian, JG
Getty, SA
Quijada, M
Tveekrem, J
Shiri, R
Roman, P
Butler, J
Georgiev, G
Livas, J
Hunt, C
Maldonado, A
Talapatra, S
Zhang, XF
Papadakis, SJ
Monica, AH
Deglau, D
AF Hagopian, John G.
Getty, Stephanie A.
Quijada, Manuel
Tveekrem, June
Shiri, Ron
Roman, Patrick
Butler, James
Georgiev, Georgi
Livas, Jeff
Hunt, Cleophus
Maldonado, Alejandro
Talapatra, Saikat
Zhang, Xianfeng
Papadakis, Stergios J.
Monica, Andrew H.
Deglau, David
BE Pribat, D
Lee, YH
Razeghi, M
TI Multiwalled carbon nanotubes for stray light suppression in space flight
instruments
SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES III
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference On Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Associated Devices III
CY AUG 01-04, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
ID ACCURACY
C1 [Hagopian, John G.; Getty, Stephanie A.; Quijada, Manuel; Tveekrem, June; Shiri, Ron; Roman, Patrick; Butler, James; Georgiev, Georgi; Livas, Jeff; Hunt, Cleophus; Maldonado, Alejandro] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Hagopian, JG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Livas, Jeffrey/D-2994-2012; Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8257-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7761
AR 77610F
DI 10.1117/12.864386
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BSU49
UT WOS:000285828000008
ER
PT J
AU Hodgson, ME
Davis, BA
Cheng, Y
Miller, J
AF Hodgson, Michael E.
Davis, Bruce A.
Cheng, Yang
Miller, James
TI Modeling Remote Sensing Satellite Collection Opportunity Likelihood for
Hurricane Disaster Response
SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Satellite remote sensing; disaster response; orbit; modeling
AB State and local agencies involved in emergency response to natural disasters such as hurricanes have explicitly indicated they need imagery covering the disaster area within three days of the event; and more desirably within 24 hours of the event. Airborne image collections have often been used but suffer from several problems, most noticeably the collection time (days or week) required for larger areas. The use of remote sensing satellites carrying high spatial resolution sensors has often been touted as the logical response for rapidly collecting post-disaster event imagery for emergency response. Unfortunately, satellites are maintained on fixed orbits. The repeat interval for remote sensing satellites carrying high spatial resolution sensors, even with pointable sensors, is on the order of several days, depending on the latitude for the disaster event. Fortunately, more than one satellite carries high spatial resolution imagery. This combination of requirements and restrictions may results in either a relatively high (or low) likelihood of collecting imagery, within the three-day window of opportunity. This research investigated the likelihood of collecting imagery over a hurricane disaster area based on the orbital cycles of three high spatial resolution imaging satellites. Using the spatial-temporal distribution of historic hurricane landfall locations as a proxy for the probability distribution of future hurricanes by latitude, the "visibility" of each landfall location to future satellite imaging opportunities was determined. The results indicate that the likelihood of collecting imagery within one day of the event varied between 17 and 39 percent by relying on one satellite image provider. However; if either of three satellite imagery, sources (i.e., Ikonos-2, Quickbird-2, and Orbview-3) could be used, then the likelihood increased to 61 percent. By relying on three satellite imagery providers there is a likelihood of between 94 and 100 percent of collecting imagery within two or three days, respectively, after the event.
C1 [Hodgson, Michael E.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Davis, Bruce A.] Dept Homeland Secur, Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20528 USA.
[Cheng, Yang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Los Angeles, CA 91007 USA.
[Miller, James] Kinetx Inc, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA.
RP Hodgson, ME (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM hodgsonm@sc.edu; bruce.a.davis@dhs.gov; Yang.Cheng@jpl.nasa.gov;
jkm1997@verison.net
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA
SN 1523-0406
J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC
JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 1
SI SI
BP 7
EP 15
PG 9
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 553ZW
UT WOS:000274406300002
ER
PT B
AU de Jong, R
Blaauw, M
Chambers, FM
Christensen, TR
de Vleeschouwer, F
Finsinger, W
Fronzek, S
Johansson, M
Kokfelt, U
Lamentowicz, M
Le Roux, G
Mauquoy, D
Mitchell, EAD
Nichols, JE
Samaritani, E
van Geel, B
AF de Jong, Rixt
Blaauw, Maarten
Chambers, Frank M.
Christensen, Torben R.
de Vleeschouwer, Francois
Finsinger, Walter
Fronzek, Stefan
Johansson, Margareta
Kokfelt, Ulla
Lamentowicz, Mariusz
Le Roux, Gael
Mauquoy, Dmitri
Mitchell, Edward A. D.
Nichols, Jonathan E.
Samaritani, Emanuela
van Geel, Bas
BE Dodson, J
TI Climate and Peatlands
SO CHANGING CLIMATES, EARTH SYSTEMS AND SOCIETY
SE International Year of Planet Earth
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Bog surface wetness variations; C-14 dating; Plants' responses to CO2;
Stable isotopes; Methane emissions from peatlands; Palsas
ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION; TESTATE AMEBAS PROTOZOA; CONTINENTAL
WESTERN CANADA; OMBROTROPHIC PEAT BOG; MODELING HYDROLOGICAL
RELATIONSHIPS; STOMATAL FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; N-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS;
SOUTH-CENTRAL SWEDEN; SWEDISH RAISED BOG; SUB-ARCTIC SWEDEN
AB Peatlands are an important natural archive for past climatic changes, primarily due to their sensitivity to changes in the water balance and the dating possibilities of peat sediments. In addition, peatlands are an important sink as well as potential source of greenhouse gases. The first part of this chapter discusses a range of well-established and novel proxies studied in peat cores (peat humification, macrofossils, testate amoebae, stomatal records from subfossil leaves, organic biomarkers and stable isotope ratios, aeolian sediment influx and geochemistry) that are used for climatic and environmental reconstructions, as well as recent developments in the dating of these sediments. The second part focuses on the role that peatland ecosystems may play as a source or sink of greenhouse gases. Emphasis is placed on the past and future development of peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost areas of northern Scandinavia, and the role of regenerating mined peatlands in north-western Europe as a carbon sink or source.
C1 [de Jong, Rixt] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Blaauw, Maarten] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland.
[Chambers, Frank M.] Univ Gloucestershire, Dept Nat & Social Sci, Ctr Environm Change & Quaternary Res, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, Glos, England.
[Christensen, Torben R.; Johansson, Margareta; Kokfelt, Ulla] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[de Vleeschouwer, Francois] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden.
[Finsinger, Walter] Univ Montpellier 2, Ctr Bioarchaeol & Ecol, CNRS, UMR 5059, F-34090 Montpellier, France.
[Fronzek, Stefan] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00251, Finland.
[Lamentowicz, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Dept Biogeog & Palaeoecol, Fac Geog & Geol Sci, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland.
[Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Mitchell, Edward A. D.; Samaritani, Emanuela] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Ecosyst Boundaries Res Unit, Wetlands Res Grp, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Le Roux, Gael] CNRS, UMR 5245, EcoLab, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
[Mauquoy, Dmitri] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland.
[Mitchell, Edward A. D.; Samaritani, Emanuela] Univ Neuchatel, Lab Soil Biol, Inst Biol, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
[Nichols, Jonathan E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Samaritani, Emanuela] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Syst Ecol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[van Geel, Bas] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Paleoecol & Landscape Ecol, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP de Jong, R (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
EM dejong@giub.unibe.ch; maarten.blaauw@qub.ac.uk; fchambers@glos.ac.uk;
torben.christensen@nateko.lu.se; fdevleeschouwer@gmail.com;
walter.finsinger@univ-montp2.fr; stefan.fronzek@ymparisto.fi;
margareta.johansson@nateko.lu.se; ulla.kokfelt@geol.lu.se;
mariuszl@amu.edu.pl; gael.leroux@ulg.ac.be; d.mauquoy@abdn.ac.uk;
edward.mitchell@unine.ch; jnichols@giss.nasa.gov;
emanuela.samaritani@gmail.com; B.vanGeel@nva.nl
RI Lamentowicz, Mariusz/E-8784-2010; Finsinger, Walter/A-7937-2011;
OI Lamentowicz, Mariusz/0000-0003-0429-1530; Finsinger,
Walter/0000-0002-8297-0574; De Vleeschouwer,
Francois/0000-0002-0979-6397; Fronzek, Stefan/0000-0003-2478-8050
NR 296
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-90-481-8715-7
J9 INT YEAR PLANET EART
PY 2010
BP 85
EP 121
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8716-4_5
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8716-4
PG 37
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BRI57
UT WOS:000282775600005
ER
PT S
AU Rubin, RH
McNabb, IA
Simpson, JP
Dufour, RJ
Pauldrach, AWA
Colgan, SWJ
Craven, TW
Gitterman, ED
Lo, CC
AF Rubin, R. H.
McNabb, I. A.
Simpson, J. P.
Dufour, R. J.
Pauldrach, A. W. A.
Colgan, S. W. J.
Craven, T. W.
Gitterman, E. D.
Lo, C. C.
BE Cunha, K
Spite, M
Barbuy, B
TI Spitzer finds cosmic neon's and sulfur's sweet spot: part III, NGC 6822
SO CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES IN THE UNIVERSE: CONNECTING FIRST STARS TO PLANETS
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 265th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY AUG 10-14, 2009
CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
SP Int Astron Union, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, CNPQ, FAPESP, FAPERJ, CAPES
DE ISM: abundances; H II regions; stars: atmospheres; galaxies: individual
(NGC 6822)
ID HII REGION CONNECTION; HOT STAR
AB We observed several H II regions in the dwarf irregular galaxy NOG 6822 using the infrared spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our aim is twofold: first, to examine the neon to sulfur abundance ratio in order to determine how much it may vary and whether or not, it is fairly 'universal'; second, to discriminate and test the predicted ionizing spectral energy distribution between various stellar atmosphere models by comparing with our derivation of the ratio of fractional ionizations involving neon and sulfur. This work extends our previous similar studies of H II regions in M83 and M33 to lower metallicities.
C1 [Rubin, R. H.; McNabb, I. A.; Simpson, J. P.; Colgan, S. W. J.; Craven, T. W.; Gitterman, E. D.; Lo, C. C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Rubin, RH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM rubin@cygnus.arc.nasa.gov
RI Colgan, Sean/M-4742-2014
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-76495-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 265
BP 249
EP 250
DI 10.1017/S1743921310000682
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry
GA BQB13
UT WOS:000280548900061
ER
PT J
AU Bux, SK
Fleurial, JP
Kaner, RB
AF Bux, Sabah K.
Fleurial, Jean-Pierre
Kaner, Richard B.
TI Nanostructured materials for thermoelectric applications
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIGURE-OF-MERIT; GE-SI ALLOYS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY;
ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH TELLURIDE; SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS;
SILICON NANOPARTICLES; ENERGY-CONVERSION; BULK ALLOYS; NANOCRYSTALS
AB Recent studies indicate that nanostructuring can be an effective method for increasing the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in materials. Most of the enhancement in ZT can be attributed to large reductions in the lattice thermal conductivity due to increased phonon scattering at interfaces. Although significant gains have been reported, much higher ZTs in practical, cost-effective and environmentally benign materials are needed in order for thermoelectrics to become effective for large-scale, wide-spread power and thermal management applications. This review discusses the various synthetic techniques that can be used in the production of bulk scale nanostructured materials. The advantages and disadvantages of each synthetic method are evaluated along with guidelines and goals presented for an ideal thermoelectric material. With proper optimization, some of these techniques hold promise for producing high efficiency devices.
C1 [Bux, Sabah K.; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bux, Sabah K.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Bux, Sabah K.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Fleurial, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 277-207, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM jean-pierre.fleurial@jpl.nasa.gov; kaner@chem.ucla.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0805352]; IGERT [DGE-0114443,
DGE-0654431]; NASA [NNX09AM26H]; JPL/Caltech [1308818]
FX The authors thank Dr Thierry Caillat for his helpful discussions.
Support from the National Science Foundation DMR 0805352 (RBK), an IGERT
fellowship DGE-0114443 and DGE-0654431 (SKB), a NASA GSRP fellowship
NNX09AM26H (SKB), and a JPL/Caltech subcontract 1308818 (RBK) are
gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work was performed at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract
with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 129
TC 100
Z9 104
U1 11
U2 102
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 44
BP 8311
EP 8324
DI 10.1039/c0cc02627a
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 673UY
UT WOS:000283690400001
PM 20922257
ER
PT S
AU Hunter, GW
Beheim, GM
Ponchak, GE
Scardelletti, MC
Meredith, RD
Dynys, FW
Neudeck, PG
Jordan, JL
Chen, LY
AF Hunter, G. W.
Beheim, G. M.
Ponchak, G. E.
Scardelletti, M. C.
Meredith, R. D.
Dynys, F. W.
Neudeck, P. G.
Jordan, J. L.
Chen, L. Y.
BE Hunter, G
Aguilar, Z
Li, J
Davidson, JL
Shoji, S
Sundaram, KB
Hesketh, PJ
Carter, M
Simonian, A
Longdergan, A
Srinivasan, P
Vanysek, P
TI Development of High Temperature Wireless Sensor Technology Based on
Silicon Carbide Electronics
SO CHEMICAL SENSORS 9 -AND- MEMS/NEMS 9
SE ECS Transactions
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Chemical Sensors 9 - Chemical and Biological Sensors and
Analytical Systems / Symposium on Microfabricated and Nanofabricated
Systems for MEMS/NEMS 9 held during the 218th Meeting of the
Electrochemical-Society (ECS)
CY OCT 10-15, 2010
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor, Dielectr Sci & Technol, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry, Elect & Photon
ID SEMICONDUCTORS
AB Smart Sensor Systems that can operate at high temperatures are required for a range of aerospace applications including propulsion systems. This paper discusses the development of a high temperature wireless system that includes a sensor, electronics, wireless communication, and power. In particular, a wireless pressure sensor was demonstrated at 300 degrees C, with signal transmission over one meter distance and power partially derived from scavenged energy. The circuit had a nominal oscillation frequency of near 100 MHz and used a commercial SiC metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) together with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors and a thin film inductor/antenna. With the sensor and oscillator circuit at temperatures from 25 to 300 degrees C, the oscillator frequency, detected at a distance of one meter, was found to vary repeatably as a function of pressure. This work is considered a foundation for the development of higher temperature Smart Sensor Systems for use in harsh environments.
C1 [Hunter, G. W.; Beheim, G. M.; Ponchak, G. E.; Scardelletti, M. C.; Meredith, R. D.; Dynys, F. W.; Neudeck, P. G.; Jordan, J. L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Hunter, GW (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA
SN 1938-5862
BN 978-1-60768-177-9; 978-1-56677-827-5
J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 8
BP 269
EP 281
DI 10.1149/1.3484131
PG 13
WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing
SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing
GA BHG43
UT WOS:000325342000033
ER
PT J
AU Lin, RL
Zhang, XX
Liu, SQ
Wang, YL
Gong, JC
AF Lin Rui-Lin
Zhang Xiao-Xin
Liu Si-Qing
Wang Yong-Li
Gong Jian-Cun
TI Statistical analysis of the high-latitude magnetopause location and
shape
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
LA Chinese
DT Article
DE Magnetopause location and shape; Solar wind propagation; Dipole tilt
angle; Indentation
ID SOLAR-WIND CONDITIONS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; PRESSURE BALANCE; MAGNETIC
SHEAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIELD; MAGNETOSHEATH; MOTION; MODELS; DIPOLE
AB In this paper, we collect 1226 magnetopause crossings from Cluster, Geotail, GOES, IMP8, Interball, LANL, Polar, TC1, THEMIS and Wind. Their corresponding 5-minute average upstream solar wind parameters are determined from ACE or Wind mainly by shifting time to match the clock angle of the interplanetary magnetic field or the interplanetary plasma parameter variable profile with that of the magnetosheath. Based on the analysis of these crossings, along with 1482 Hawkeye magnetopause crossings from the website,it is concluded that: (1) the magnetopause is indented in the cup region with a large indented scope; (2) the location of the magnetopause indentation is controlled by the dipole tilt angle, which almost linearly influences the zenith angle of the magnetopause indentation vertex and whose influences on the north and the south magnetopause indentations are almost anti-symmetric; (3) the depth and the scope of the magnetopause indentation and the invariant latitude corresponding to the center of magnetopause indentation are almost not influenced by the dipole tilt angle.
C1 [Lin Rui-Lin; Liu Si-Qing; Gong Jian-Cun] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Lin Rui-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
[Zhang Xiao-Xin] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Ctr Space Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Wang Yong-Li] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Lin, RL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM rllin04@163.com; xxzhang@cma.gov.cn
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH
JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 53
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.01.001
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 552FS
UT WOS:000274274500001
ER
PT J
AU Lin, RL
Zhang, XX
Liu, SQ
Wang, YL
Gong, JC
AF Lin RuiLin
Zhang XiaoXin
Liu SiQing
Wang YongLi
Gong JianCun
TI Comparison of a new model with previous models for the low-latitude
magnetopause size and shape
SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE low-latitude magnetopause size and shape; solar wind dynamic pressure;
interplanetary magnetic field B(z); magnetopause model
ID SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; FLARING
ANGLE; LOCATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; POSITION; MOTION
AB In this study, the advantages and the limitations of previous low-latitude magnetopause empirical models are discussed. In order to overcome their limitations and inherit their advantages, a new continuous function for the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B(z) on the magnetopause, the Shue model function and the 613 low-latitude magnetopause crossings are used to construct a new low-latitude magnetopause model parameterized by the solar wind dynamic pressure (D(p)) and IMF B(z). In comparison with the previous low-latitude magnetopause models, it is found that the new model improves the prediction capability and has a large range of validity for the low-latitude magnetopause. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the new model and the previous low-latitude magnetopause models are not appropriate for predicting the high-latitude magnetopause.
C1 [Zhang XiaoXin] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Ctr Space Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Lin RuiLin; Liu SiQing; Gong JianCun] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Lin RuiLin] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
[Wang YongLi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Zhang, XX (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Ctr Space Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM xxzhang@cma.gov.cn
FU National Basic Research Program of China [G2006CB806300]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China [40774079, 40890160]; National
High-Tech Research & Development Program of China [2007AA12Z314]; Public
Welfare Industry [GYHY200806024]
FX We thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)for the
satellite data and the Center for Space Science and Applied Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the TC1 data. This work was supported
by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.
G2006CB806300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.
40774079 and 40890160), National High-Tech Research & Development
Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA12Z314), Special Fund for Public
Welfare Industry (meteorology: GYHY200806024).
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1001-6538
J9 CHINESE SCI BULL
JI Chin. Sci. Bull.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 2
BP 179
EP 187
DI 10.1007/s11434-009-05334
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 548GI
UT WOS:000273947700013
ER
PT J
AU Hobbs, A
Williamson, A
Van Dongen, HPA
AF Hobbs, Alan
Williamson, Ann
Van Dongen, Hans P. A.
TI A CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN SKILL-BASED ERRORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE
SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Circadian rhythm; Skill-based error; Cognitive performance; Airline;
Maintenance; Human error
ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; HUMAN-PERFORMANCE; AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE; ACCIDENTS;
TEMPERATURE; ALERTNESS; KNOWLEDGE; FATIGUE; WORKERS; IMPACT
AB In workplaces where activity continues around the clock, human error has been observed to exhibit a circadian rhythm, with a characteristic peak in the early hours of the morning. Errors are commonly distinguished by the nature of the underlying cognitive failure, particularly the level of intentionality involved in the erroneous action. The Skill-Rule-Knowledge (SRK) framework of Rasmussen is used widely in the study of industrial errors and accidents. The SRK framework describes three fundamental types of error, according to whether behavior is under the control of practiced sensori-motor skill routines with minimal conscious awareness; is guided by implicit or explicit rules or expertise; or where the planning of actions requires the conscious application of domain knowledge. Up to now, examinations of circadian patterns of industrial errors have not distinguished between different types of error. Consequently, it is not clear whether all types of error exhibit the same circadian rhythm. A survey was distributed to aircraft maintenance personnel in Australia. Personnel were invited to anonymously report a safety incident and were prompted to describe, in detail, the human involvement (if any) that contributed to it. A total of 402 airline maintenance personnel reported an incident, providing 369 descriptions of human error in which the time of the incident was reported and sufficient detail was available to analyze the error. Errors were categorized using a modified version of the SRK framework, in which errors are categorized as skill-based, rule-based, or knowledge-based, or as procedure violations. An independent check confirmed that the SRK framework had been applied with sufficient consistency and reliability. Skill-based errors were the most common form of error, followed by procedure violations, rule-based errors, and knowledge-based errors. The frequency of errors was adjusted for the estimated proportion of workers present at work/each hour of the day, and the 24 h pattern of each error type was examined. Skill-based errors exhibited a significant circadian rhythm, being most prevalent in the early hours of the morning. Variation in the frequency of rule-based errors, knowledge-based errors, and procedure violations over the 24 h did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that during the early hours of the morning, maintenance technicians are at heightened risk of "absent minded" errors involving failures to execute action plans as intended. (Author correspondence: alan.hobbs@nasa.gov)
C1 [Hobbs, Alan] San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Williamson, Ann] Univ New S Wales, Dept Aviat, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Van Dongen, Hans P. A.] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA USA.
RP Hobbs, A (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM alan.hobbs@nasa.gov
OI Van Dongen, Hans/0000-0002-4678-2971
NR 47
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 12
PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE
PI LONDON
PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND
SN 0742-0528
J9 CHRONOBIOL INT
JI Chronobiol. Int.
PY 2010
VL 27
IS 6
BP 1304
EP 1316
DI 10.3109/07420528.2010.484890
PG 13
WC Biology; Physiology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology
GA 652SR
UT WOS:000282030700009
PM 20653456
ER
PT J
AU You, Y
Rossby, T
Zenk, W
Ilahude, AG
Fukasawa, M
Davis, R
Hu, D
Susanto, D
Richardson, PL
Villanoy, C
Liu, CT
Lee, JH
Molcard, R
Pandoe, WW
Koga, M
Qu, T
Fine, RA
Gabric, A
Robertson, R
Masumoto, Y
Riser, S
Hasumi, H
Sigray, P
Lee, T
AF You, Y.
Rossby, T.
Zenk, W.
Ilahude, A. G.
Fukasawa, M.
Davis, R.
Hu, D.
Susanto, D.
Richardson, P. L.
Villanoy, C.
Liu, C-T
Lee, J. H.
Molcard, R.
Pandoe, W. W.
Koga, M.
Qu, T.
Fine, R. A.
Gabric, A.
Robertson, R.
Masumoto, Y.
Riser, S.
Hasumi, H.
Sigray, P.
Lee, T.
BE You, Y
HendersonSellers, A
TI Indonesian Throughflow: PACific Source Water INvestigation (PACSWIN) An
international ocean climate program
SO CLIMATE ALERT: CLIMATE CHANGE MONITORING AND STRATEGY
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SOUTH INDIAN-OCEAN; INTERMEDIATE WATER; FRESH-WATER; MASS
TRANSFORMATION; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION; SEAS; TRANSPORT; THERMOCLINE;
VARIABILITY
AB Our understanding of the role of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in the global climate system has improved due to progress made on observations and modelling in the last decade or so. The International Nusantara Stratification and Transport (INSTANT) program from 2004-06 measured the ITF simultaneously at several of the primary straits and showed a 20-30% increase of the ITF transport under relatively weak El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. This suggests that prior ITF transports could be underestimated. Further simultaneous observations encompassing a complete ENSO cycle are required for a more accurate estimate of the ITF transport. Climate monitoring requires cost-effective long-term measurement of the ITF on decadal or even centennial time scales. Currently, no such sustainable monitoring program exists for the Indonesian seas and adjacent region. To address this need, a coordinated international program is necessary. Modelling the role of the ITF in global climate has primarily been along the line of switching the ITF on or off. The ITF has been established as affecting tropical wind stress, thermocline depth and precipitation in ocean general circulation and coupled atmosphere and ocean models. Teleconnection of the climate impact of the ITF with higher latitudes results from the westward shift of the western Pacific warm pool inducing changes in atmospheric deep convection. However, the role of the ITF in the global climate system has not been well addressed by the models, due to two distinct obstacles. First, there has been insufficient resolution of the complicated bottom topography and numerous narrow straits in the Indonesian seas. Second, the tidal mixing which blends all Pacific source waters into one Indian Ocean water-mass has been poorly resolved. As a consequence of mixing, the major ITF in the thermocline layer actually cools and freshens the eastern Indian Ocean. These observational, modelling and climate inadequacies provide the rationale for this newly proposed international ocean climate program, the Indonesian Throughflow: PACific Source Water INvestigation (PACSWIN), which will focus on the variability of the ITF passing through the Indonesian seas and straits. This new program aims to bridge the data gap in the Indonesian seas left by the current Argo program and to resolve various source waters (mainly of Pacific origin) and their teleconnections and pathways, thus supplementing the INSTANT moorings completed by the end of 2006.
C1 [You, Y.] Univ Sydney, Inst Marine Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
[Rossby, T.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
[Zenk, W.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci IFM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany.
[Ilahude, A. G.] Indonesian Inst Sci, Oceanog Res Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[Hu, D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China.
[Susanto, D.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Susanto, D.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Richardson, P. L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA.
[Villanoy, C.] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
[Liu, C-T] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Molcard, R.] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France.
[Koga, M.] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Nishihara, Okinawa 90301, Japan.
[Qu, T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Fine, R. A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Gabric, A.] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
[Robertson, R.] UNSW ADFA, Sch Phys Environm & Math Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Masumoto, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan.
[Masumoto, Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Riser, S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hasumi, H.] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo 1138654, Japan.
[Sigray, P.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Sigray, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Lee, T.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab Pasadena, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP You, Y (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Inst Marine Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RI MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014
NR 77
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SYDNEY UNIV PRESS
PI SYDNEY
PA UNIV SYDNEY LIBRARY F03, SYDNEY, NSW 2006, AUSTRALIA
BN 978-1-920899-41-7
PY 2010
BP 238
EP 298
PG 61
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BDT49
UT WOS:000314785200009
ER
PT S
AU Rosenzweig, C
Solecki, W
AF Rosenzweig, Cynthia
Solecki, William
GP New York City Panel on Climate Change
TI Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation in New York City: Building a
Risk Management Response
SO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN NEW YORK CITY: BUILDING A RISK MANAGEMENT
RESPONSE
SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Rosenzweig, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Solecki, William] CUNY Hunter Coll, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10021 USA.
RP Rosenzweig, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, New York, NY 10025 USA.
NR 0
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0077-8923
BN 978-1-57331-800-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2010
VL 1196
BP 13
EP 17
DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05306.x
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary
Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA BUA67
UT WOS:000288657300004
PM 20545645
ER
PT S
AU Rosenzweig, C
Solecki, W
AF Rosenzweig, Cynthia
Solecki, William
GP New York City Panel on Climate Change
TI New York City adaptation in context
SO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN NEW YORK CITY: BUILDING A RISK MANAGEMENT
RESPONSE
SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Rosenzweig, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Solecki, William] CUNY Hunter Coll, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10021 USA.
RP Rosenzweig, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM crosenzweig@giss.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0077-8923
BN 978-1-57331-800-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2010
VL 1196
BP 19
EP 28
DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05308.x
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary
Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA BUA67
UT WOS:000288657300005
PM 20545646
ER
PT S
AU Horton, R
Gornitz, V
Bowman, M
Blake, R
AF Horton, Radley
Gornitz, Vivien
Bowman, Malcolm
Blake, Reginald
GP New York City Panel on Climate Change
TI Climate observations and projections
SO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN NEW YORK CITY: BUILDING A RISK MANAGEMENT
RESPONSE
SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; UNITED-STATES; RECORD; MODEL;
PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; CORALS; RATES
C1 [Horton, Radley; Gornitz, Vivien] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Bowman, Malcolm] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Blake, Reginald] New York City Coll Technol, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY USA.
RP Horton, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM Rmhorton@giss.nasa.gov
NR 45
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0077-8923
BN 978-1-57331-800-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2010
VL 1196
BP 41
EP 62
DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05314.x
PG 22
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary
Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA BUA67
UT WOS:000288657300007
PM 20545648
ER
PT J
AU Gu, GJ
AF Gu, Guojun
BE Simard, SW
Austin, ME
TI Summer-Time Rainfall Variability in the Tropical Atlantic
SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SAHARAN WEATHER ANOMALIES;
NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY;
CIRCULATION PATTERNS; ENSO TELECONNECTION; ANNUAL CYCLE; WARM EVENTS;
EVOLUTION
C1 [Gu, Guojun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gu, Guojun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gu, GJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INTECH EUROPE
PI RIJEKA
PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA
BN 978-953-307-144-2
PY 2010
BP 45
EP 63
D2 10.5772/1743
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BD7YN
UT WOS:000363695600004
ER
PT S
AU Salama, A
Willis, J
Srinivasan, M
AF Salama, A.
Willis, J.
Srinivasan, M.
BE Linkov, I
Bridges, TS
TI Mapping Sea Level from Space Precision Orbit Determination and Satellite
Altimetry
SO CLIMATE: GLOBAL CHANGE AND LOCAL ADAPTATION
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Global Climate Change and Local
Adaptation
CY JUN 06-10, 2010
CL Hella, ICELAND
SP NATO
AB Since 1992, a series of satellite missions, beginning with TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and followed by Jason-1 and the Ocean Surface Topography Mission on Jason-2 (OSTM/Jason-2), have combined precision orbit determination (POD), a sophisticated method to determine precise height of spacecraft above the center of the Earth, and satellite altimetry to make precise measurements of sea surface height (SSH) and to map ocean surface topography.
These missions' unprecedented continuous 18-year-long record of SSH has revolutionized oceanography. With support provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and European partners (the French space agency, also known as the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (Eumetsat)), these altimetry missions continue to help us understand the effects of the changing ocean on climate and provide significant benefits to society. Their measurements are being used to map SSH, geostrophic velocity, significant wave height, and wind speed over the global oceans.
Orbiting at a height of 1,336 km above Earth's surface, the satellites measure the SSH every 6 km along the ground track, with an accuracy of 3-4 cm, covering the global oceans every 10 days. These highly accurate measurements would not be possible without the ability to determine the satellite's exact position relative to the center of the Earth. This is achieved by using POD. Three of the five instruments on board the spacecraft provide critical satellite tracking information for POD. The NASA Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) uses satellite laser ranging. The CNES Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) system uses Doppler radio data and a high-performance global positioning system (GPS) receiver that provides range, precise carrier phase, and timing signals. POD combines satellite tracking information with accurate models of the forces acting on the satellite (e.g., gravity, aerodynamic drag) that govern the satellite motion. This process provides the very-high-precision satellite orbital heights that, together with satellite altimetry, allow accurate estimation of SSH.
Data from these missions have proved to be a key to understanding Earth's delicate climate balance and are a critical component of global climate studies. They provide insight on short-term climate events, such as El Nino and La Nina, as well as longer-term climate events, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Altimeter data products are currently used by hundreds of researchers and operational users over the globe to monitor ocean circulation and improve our understanding of the role of the changing ocean in climate and weather.
The missions' measurement of rising sea level, a direct result of Earth's warming climate, are especially important for coastal communities and decision makers and might help save lives and property.
The legacy of satellite altimetry created by TIP; Jason-1, and OSTM/Jason-2 and the important data record they have collected are being continued. To ensure continuity with these missions, a group of nations and their science organizations plan to launch Jason-3 in 2013, Jason-CS/4 by 2017, and a next-generation Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission by end of the decade.
C1 [Salama, A.; Willis, J.; Srinivasan, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Salama, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 301-121, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM ahmed.h.salama@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-94-007-1769-5
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2010
BP 419
EP 431
DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1770-1_22
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BBM95
UT WOS:000307436500022
ER
PT J
AU Lewis, SC
LeGrande, AN
Kelley, M
Schmidt, GA
AF Lewis, S. C.
LeGrande, A. N.
Kelley, M.
Schmidt, G. A.
TI Water vapour source impacts on oxygen isotope variability in tropical
precipitation during Heinrich events
SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST
LA English
DT Article
ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; ORBITAL-SCALE CHANGES; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE;
EAST-ASIAN MONSOON; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION;
LATE PLEISTOCENE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SUBTROPICAL BRAZIL; MILLENNIAL-SCALE
AB Water isotope records such as speleothems provide extensive evidence of past tropical hydrological changes. During Heinrich events, isotopic changes in monsoon regions have been interpreted as implying a widespread drying through the Northern Hemisphere tropics and an anti-phased precipitation response in the south. Here, we examine the sources of this variability using a water isotope-enabled general circulation model, Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE. We incorporate a new suite of vapour source distribution tracers to help constrain the impact of precipitation source region changes on the isotopic composition of precipitation and to identify nonlocal amount effects. We simulate a collapse of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation with a large freshwater input to the region as an idealised analogue to iceberg discharge during Heinrich events. An increase in monsoon intensity, defined by vertical wind shear, is modelled over the South American domain, with small decreases simulated over Asia. Simulated isotopic anomalies agree well with proxy climate records, with lighter isotopic values simulated over South America and enriched values across East Asia. For this particular abrupt climate event, we identify which climatic change is most likely linked to water isotope change - changes in local precipitation amount, monsoon intensity, water vapour source distributions or precipitation seasonality. We categorise individual sites according to the climate variability that water isotope changes are most closely associated with, and find that the dominant isotopic controls are not consistent across the tropics - simple local explanations, in particular, fall short of explaining water isotope variability at all sites. Instead, the best interpretations appear to be site specific and often regional in scale.
C1 [Lewis, S. C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
[LeGrande, A. N.; Kelley, M.; Schmidt, G. A.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[LeGrande, A. N.; Kelley, M.; Schmidt, G. A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Lewis, SC (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
EM sophie.lewis@anu.edu.au
RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; LeGrande, Allegra/D-8920-2012; Lewis,
Sophie/H-4968-2011
OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; LeGrande,
Allegra/0000-0002-5295-0062; Lewis, Sophie/0000-0001-6416-0634
FU NASA GISS; NSF [ATM 07-53868]; Paterson Fellowship/ANU
FX We thank NASA GISS for institutional support. NSF ATM 07-53868 supports
ANL and travel for SCL. This study was assisted by APA/ASS/JAE
Scholarships and travel funding from Paterson Fellowship/ANU
Vice-Chancellor/M. Gagan to SCL. We thank the referees for their
constructive comments on the monsoon indices and for the opportunity to
clarify the earlier version of this paper.
NR 75
TC 55
Z9 56
U1 3
U2 27
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1814-9324
EI 1814-9332
J9 CLIM PAST
JI Clim. Past.
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 3
BP 325
EP 343
DI 10.5194/cp-6-325-2010
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618XW
UT WOS:000279390500005
ER
PT S
AU Faden, J
Asnes, A
Friedel, R
Taylor, M
McCaffrey, S
Perry, C
Goldstein, ML
AF Faden, J.
Asnes, A.
Friedel, R.
Taylor, M.
McCaffrey, S.
Perry, C.
Goldstein, M. L.
BE Laakso, H
Taylor, MGT
Escoubet, CP
TI Cluster CAA Module for PaPCo
SO CLUSTER ACTIVE ARCHIVE: STUDYING THE EARTH'S SPACE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT
SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Cluster Workshop
CY MAR 09-15, 2008
CL Canary Islands, SPAIN
AB A PaPCo module for visualization of data from the CAA has been developed. This module retrieves data from the CAA web interface, and allows for discovery and plotting of new datasets. PaPCo is modular, open source IDL software that uses plug-in modules to bring new datasets on to a stack of time series plots (www.papco.org). PaPCo includes modules for plotting data from Cluster/PEACE and Cluster/RAPID, CDA Web data which includes Cluster Prime Parameters, and various modules from CRRES, POLAR, GPS, and many other spacecraft. The Cluster CAA module is presented, as well as a brief description of PaPCo's use and installation procedure.
C1 [Faden, J.] Cottage Syst, Iowa City, IA USA.
[Asnes, A.; Taylor, M.; McCaffrey, S.] ESA, Estec, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Friedel, R.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Goldstein, M. L.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Faden, J (reprint author), Cottage Syst, Iowa City, IA USA.
EM faden@cottagesystems.com; arneasnes@gmail.com; Taylor@esa.int
RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012
OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
SN 1570-6591
BN 978-90-481-3498-4
J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE
PY 2010
BP 249
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1_17
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BTY98
UT WOS:000288478600017
ER
PT S
AU Taylor, MGGT
Escoubet, CP
Laakso, H
Masson, A
Goldstein, ML
AF Taylor, M. G. G. T.
Escoubet, C. P.
Laakso, H.
Masson, A.
Goldstein, M. L.
BE Laakso, H
Taylor, MGT
Escoubet, CP
TI The Cluster Mission: Space Plasma in Three Dimensions
SO CLUSTER ACTIVE ARCHIVE: STUDYING THE EARTH'S SPACE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT
SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Cluster Workshop
CY MAR 09-15, 2008
CL Canary Islands, SPAIN
ID AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; RECONNECTION; PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY;
GENERATION
AB At the time of writing, Cluster is approaching 8 years of successful operation and continues to fulfill, if not exceed its scientific objectives. After a nominal mission lifetime of 2 years Cluster currently in its extended mission phase, up to June 2009, with a further extension request submitted for a further 3.5 years. The primary goals of the Cluster mission include three-dimensional studies of small-scale plasma structures and turbulence in the key plasma regions in the Earth's environment: solar wind and bow shock, magnetopause, polar cusps, magnetotail, and auroral zone. During the course of the mission, the relative distance between the four spacecraft is being varied to form a nearly perfect tetrahedral configuration at 100, 250, 600, 2,000, 5,000 and 10,000 km inter-spacecraft separation targeted to study scientifically interesting regions at different scales. In the last few years, the constellation strategy has moved towards a multi-scale concept, enabling two scale sizes to be investigated at the same time. In these cases, three spacecraft are separated by 10,000 km with the last spacecraft separated from this plane by varying distances from 16 km up to several 1,000 km. This configuration is targeted at boundaries, with the plane of the large-scale triangle parallel to the plane of the boundary and the final spacecraft separated a small distance from the main triangle in the normal direction. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the mission concept and implementation and highlight a number of Cluster's latest science results, which include: the first observation of three dimensional (3-D) surface waves on the bow shock, the first 3-D analysis of turbulence in the magnetosheath, the discovery of magnetosonic waves accelerating electrons to MeV energies in the radiation belts, along with a number of discoveries involving magnetic reconnection.
C1 [Taylor, M. G. G. T.; Escoubet, C. P.; Laakso, H.; Masson, A.] ESA ESTEC, D SRE, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Taylor, MGGT (reprint author), ESA ESTEC, D SRE, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
EM Matthew.Taylor@esa.int; Harri.Laakso@esa.int; Arnaud.Masson@esa.int
RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008
NR 31
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
SN 1570-6591
BN 978-90-481-3498-4
J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE
PY 2010
BP 309
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1_21
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BTY98
UT WOS:000288478600021
ER
PT S
AU Narita, Y
Glassmeier, KH
Gary, SP
Goldstein, ML
Treumann, RA
AF Narita, Y.
Glassmeier, K. -H.
Gary, S. P.
Goldstein, M. L.
Treumann, R. A.
BE Laakso, H
Taylor, MGT
Escoubet, CP
TI Wave Number Spectra in the Solar Wind, the Foreshock, and the
Magnetosheath
SO CLUSTER ACTIVE ARCHIVE: STUDYING THE EARTH'S SPACE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT
SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Cluster Workshop
CY MAR 09-15, 2008
CL Canary Islands, SPAIN
ID TURBULENCE; CLUSTER; EVOLUTION
AB The three-component model of magnetic field fluctuations is applied to the analysis of the wave number spectra to study fluctuations in the solar wind, the foreshock, and the magnetosheath. The analysis exhibits a transition of the dominant fluctuation component from the solar wind to the magnetosheath, from the two-dimensional to the Alfvenic in the foreshock, and to the compressible component in the magnetosheath.
C1 [Narita, Y.; Glassmeier, K. -H.] Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Gary, S. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Treumann, R. A.] Univ Munich, Geophys Sect, Dept Geosci, Munich, Germany.
RP Narita, Y (reprint author), Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
EM y.narita@tu-bs.de
RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008
FU Bundesministerium furWirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur
Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany [50OC0103]; Los Alamos National Laboratory
LDRD Program; NASA Solar and Heliospheric SRT Program
FX The work of YN and KHG in Braunschweig was supported by
Bundesministerium furWirtschaft und Technologie and Deutsches Zentrum
fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany, under contract 50OC0103. We tha k H.
Reme and I. Dandouras for providing ion data of Cluster. The work of SPG
was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program and by
the NASA Solar and Heliospheric SR&T Program.
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
SN 1570-6591
BN 978-90-481-3498-4
J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE
PY 2010
BP 363
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1_24
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BTY98
UT WOS:000288478600024
ER
PT S
AU Vivian, U
Sanders, DB
AF Vivian, U.
Sanders, D. B.
CA GOALS Team
BE Peterson, BM
Somerville, RS
StorchiBergmann, T
TI Spectral Energy Distributions of LIRGs
SO CO-EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL BLACK HOLES AND GALAXIES
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 267th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union
CY AUG 10-14, 2009
CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
DE galaxies: interactions; galaxies: fundamental parameters
AB We present preliminary results from a study of the SEDs of a complete sample of 65 LIRGs from GOALS. The spectral shapes at lambda > 10 mu m are similar, while the largest variations occur in the NIR (L(1 mu m)(5 mu m)/L(circle dot) similar to 1.0-0.01) and UV (L(1 mu m)(0.12 mu m)/L(circle dot) similar to 2.0-0.005). Using stellar population synthesis models to fit the UV NIR continuum data, we derive stellar masses for the host galaxies of log (M(star)/M(circle dot)) similar to 10.2-11.4 with a mean of similar to 10.8.
C1 [Vivian, U.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Vivian, U (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM vivian@ifa.hawaii.edu
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-76502-2
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2010
VL 267
BP 143
EP 143
DI 10.1017/S1743921310006046
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BVJ71
UT WOS:000291672300055
ER
PT J
AU Nayagam, V
AF Nayagam, Vedha
TI Quasi-steady flame standoff ratios during methanol droplet combustion in
microgravity
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
ID BINARY DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; TRANSPORT
AB Recently, Aharon and Shaw developed a simplified analytical expression to predict quasi-steady flame stand-off ratios for alkane fuels. Their analysis is strictly valid only for alkane-type fuels where there is no reabsorption of flame generated species back into the droplet. In this note we show that Aharon and Shaw's analysis can be extended to methanol droplet combustion where water generated at the flame-sheet is absorbed back into the droplet. The model predictions are shown to compare well with available experimental results. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 NASA, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Nayagam, V (reprint author), NASA, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 157
IS 1
BP 204
EP 205
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.012
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 532IW
UT WOS:000272741900020
ER
PT J
AU Fregeau, M
Hermanson, JC
Stocker, DP
Hegde, UG
AF Fregeau, Mathieu
Hermanson, James C.
Stocker, Dennis P.
Hegde, Uday G.
TI TURBULENT STRUCTURE DYNAMICS OF BUOYANT AND NON-BUOYANT PULSED JET
DIFFUSION FLAMES
SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Diffusion flame; Flame structure; Microgravity; Pulsed injection;
Turbulent flame
ID HEAT RELEASE; COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE; MIXING LAYERS; SHEAR-LAYER;
COMBUSTOR; TEMPERATURE; ENTRAINMENT; EMISSIONS; METHANE; NUMBER
AB The flame structure dynamics of strongly pulsed, turbulent diffusion flames were examined experimentally in a co-flow combustor. High-speed visual imaging and thermocouple measurements were performed to determine celerity, defined as as being the bulk velocity of a given flame puff structure in the large-scale, turbulent flame structures. Tests were conducted in normal gravity and microgravity with a fixed fuel injection velocity with a Reynolds number of 5,000 and also with a constant fueling rate where the Reynolds number ranged from 5,000 to 12,500. The celerity of strongly interacting flame puffs is as much as two times greater than for the case of isolated flame puffs. The amount of decrease in celerity at the visible flame tip due to the removal of buoyancy ranges from 7% to 11% in most cases, to as much as 36% for both fixed jet injection velocity and constant fueling rate. At the same time, the flame length is modestly affected by the removal of positive buoyancy, amounting to a decrease of as much as 20%. These observations hold for both fixed injection velocity and constant fueling rate cases. The observed increases in the flame puff celerity and the mean flame length with decreasing jet-off time, for a given injection time and gravity level, are consistent with a decreased rate of oxidizer entrainment into each flame puff structure due to increased flame puff interactions. A scaling argument accounts for the decrease of the flame puff celerity with downstream distance when both quantities are normalized by the appropriate injection conditions. The celerity, as characterized by the temperature measurement method, appears to be essentially unaffected by buoyancy at any given downstream location when appropriately scaled. The visual tracking method suggests a modest buoyancy effect at a given downstream distance, suggesting a subtle impact of buoyancy on the flame puff structures that does not impact the bulk motion.
C1 [Fregeau, Mathieu; Hermanson, James C.] Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Stocker, Dennis P.; Hegde, Uday G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Fregeau, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Box 352400, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM mfregeau@u.washington.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Cooperative
Agreement [NNC04AA37A]
FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration under Cooperative Agreement NNC04AA37A. The authors
acknowledge the helpful assistance of Luis Casco and Migdelio Camargo
from the NASA Glenn Research Center during the drop experiments. The
help of the graduate student Ying-Hao Liao in the data analysis is also
appreciated.
NR 51
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0010-2202
J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL
JI Combust. Sci. Technol.
PY 2010
VL 182
IS 3
BP 309
EP 330
DI 10.1080/00102200903362526
PG 22
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 564EV
UT WOS:000275197000004
ER
PT J
AU Yu, YC
Sisco, JC
Sankaran, V
Anderson, WE
AF Yu, Y. C.
Sisco, J. C.
Sankaran, V.
Anderson, W. E.
TI Effects of Mean Flow, Entropy Waves, and Boundary Conditions on
Longitudinal Combustion Instability
SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Combustion instability; Linearized Euler equation; Rocket engine;
Thermoacoustics
ID INJECTOR
AB The development of a Linearized Euler Equation (LEE) model for analyzing high frequency longitudinal combustion instability is described. The model includes mean flow effects and is generalized for multiple domains as well as natural boundary conditions that deviate from acoustically perfect conditions. These effects are systematically evaluated. Calculated spatial mode shapes and resonant frequencies are compared to experimental measurements and good agreements are obtained. Demonstrative results using a prescribed unsteady heat release model are also analyzed. Observations made from analytical results include mean flow decreases resonant frequencies and shifts the antinode locations; effects of entropy wave and mean flow property changes are location-dependent; application of natural boundary conditions produces more resonant modes and shifts the nodal locations; and the primary effect of unsteady heat release is a change in the linear growth rate. The LEE model is shown to be a useful platform for developing appropriate combustion response functions.
C1 [Yu, Y. C.; Anderson, W. E.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Sisco, J. C.] Aurora Flight Sci, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Sankaran, V.] NASA Ames, Morffett, CA USA.
RP Yu, YC (reprint author), 701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM yyu@purdue.edu
FU NASA Constellation University Institutes [NCC3-989]
FX The authors would like to express their gratitude toward numerous
personnel and NASA. The project would not have been accomplished without
the sponsorship by NASA Constellation University Institutes Project
under NCC3-989, with Claudia Meyer and Jeff Rybak as the project
managers; Jim Hulka of Marshall Space Flight Center, for his continuous
support throughout the project; and Enrique Portillo for his technical
discussions during the development of the LEE model.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0010-2202
J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL
JI Combust. Sci. Technol.
PY 2010
VL 182
IS 7
BP 739
EP 776
AR PII 923934208
DI 10.1080/00102200903566449
PG 38
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 621XO
UT WOS:000279619900002
ER
PT B
AU Miller, SB
AF Miller, Susan Burgess
BE Tait, A
Richardson, KA
TI A TALE OF TWO ORGANIZATIONS
SO COMPLEXITY AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE
IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS
SE Managing the Complex
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SPACE-SHUTTLE CHALLENGER; MANAGEMENT; IDENTITY
C1 [Miller, Susan Burgess] Complex Culture Change Consulting LLC, Palmdale, CA USA.
[Miller, Susan Burgess] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA.
RP Miller, SB (reprint author), Complex Culture Change Consulting LLC, Palmdale, CA USA.
NR 61
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP
PI CHARLOTTE
PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA
BN 978-1-60752-355-0
J9 MANAG COMPLEX
PY 2010
VL 4
BP 171
EP 193
PG 23
WC Management
SC Business & Economics
GA BNJ18
UT WOS:000274714500012
ER
PT J
AU Jones, JA
Casey, RC
Karouia, F
AF Jones, J. A.
Casey, R. C.
Karouia, F.
BE McQueen, CA
TI Ionizing Radiation as a Carcinogen
SO COMPREHENSIVE TOXICOLOGY, VOL 14: CARCINOGENESIS, 2ND EDITION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; INDUCED ADAPTIVE RESPONSE;
POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENE-EXPRESSION CHANGES; HUMAN
PANCREATIC-CANCER; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; MOUSE
EMBRYO CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; BCL-X-L
C1 [Jones, J. A.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Casey, R. C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA.
[Karouia, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Jones, JA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
NR 350
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-0-08-046884-6
PY 2010
BP 181
EP 228
PG 48
WC Oncology; Toxicology
SC Oncology; Toxicology
GA BA2HF
UT WOS:000333405200010
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Introduction to Computational Electronics
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID MOBILITY ENHANCEMENT; INVERSION-LAYERS; HOLE MOBILITY; STRAINED-SI;
TRANSISTOR; DEPENDENCE; DEVICES; MOSFETS
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 1
EP 21
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 21
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800002
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Computational Electronics Semiclassical and Quantum Device Modeling and
Simulation Preface
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP XIII
EP XV
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800001
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Introductory Concepts
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 23
EP 94
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 72
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800003
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Semiclassical Transport Theory
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID HALL SCATTERING FACTOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; MONTE-CARLO;
ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; POLYTYPISM;
EQUATION; ACCURATE; 4H
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 42
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 95
EP 149
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 55
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800004
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI The Drift-Diffusion Equations and Their Numerical Solution
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MOSFETS
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 151
EP 191
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 41
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800005
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Hydrodynamic Modeling
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; ITERATIVE SCHEME; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT;
ELECTRONS; DIODE; HOT
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 193
EP 240
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 48
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800006
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Particle-Based Device Simulation Methods
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; ELECTRON-IMPURITY INTERACTIONS; SMALL
SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; HIGH-FIELD TRANSPORT; REAL-SPACE TREATMENT;
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE; IMPACT-IONIZATION; CARRIER SCATTERING;
CHARGE-TRANSPORT; BAND-STRUCTURE
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 66
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 241
EP 334
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 94
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800007
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Modeling Thermal Effects in Nano-Devices
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID CRYSTAL SILICON LAYERS; MEAN FREE-PATH; HEAT-CONDUCTION; SOLID-STATE;
THIN-FILMS; TRANSPORT; TRANSISTORS; GENERATION; SCATTERING; ELECTRON
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 335
EP 366
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 32
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800008
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Quantum Corrections to Semiclassical Approaches
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SPACE-CHARGE LAYERS; SI INVERSION-LAYERS;
CHANNEL P-MOSFETS; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION;
HOLE MOBILITY; BAND-STRUCTURE; STRAINED SIGE; PHONON-SCATTERING
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 153
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 367
EP 444
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 78
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800009
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Quantum Transport in Semiconductor Systems
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID BALLISTIC-ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; TIGHT-BINDING MODEL; SPIN POLARIZATION;
BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DEVICES; DOTS; GAS
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 44
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 445
EP 491
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 47
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800010
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Far-From-Equilibrium Quantum Transport
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID RESONANT-TUNNELING-DIODE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; INTERFACE
ROUGHNESS SCATTERING; SMALL SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES;
SILICON-INVERSION-LAYERS; GREENS-FUNCTION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; DIAGRAM
TECHNIQUE; NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES; KINETIC-EQUATION
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 140
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 493
EP 598
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 106
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800011
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Computational Electronics Semiclassical and Quantum Device Modeling and
Simulation Conclusions
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID COULOMB-BLOCKADE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; ATOM; DOTS
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 42
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 599
EP 603
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800012
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Electronic Band Structure Calculation
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SEMICONDUCTORS; CRYSTALS; DIAMOND; GE
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 605
EP 631
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 27
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800013
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Poisson Equation Solvers
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 633
EP 671
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 39
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800014
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Computational Electromagnetics
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; TIME-DOMAIN
METHOD; ADI-FDTD METHOD; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; MEDIA; PML; WAVES; FIELD;
IMPLEMENTATION
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 673
EP 715
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 43
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800015
ER
PT B
AU Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
AF Vasileska, Dragica
Goodnick, Stephen M.
Klimeck, Gerhard
BA Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
BF Vasileska, D
Goodnick, SM
Klimeck, G
TI Stationary and Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory
SO COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DEVICE MODELING AND
SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Univ Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Goodnick, Stephen M.] Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Klimeck, Gerhard] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vasileska, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6484-1; 978-1-4200-6483-4
PY 2010
BP 717
EP 746
D2 10.1201/b13776
PG 30
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BC4ZG
UT WOS:000353059800016
ER
PT S
AU Basir, N
Denney, E
Fischer, B
AF Basir, Nurlida
Denney, Ewen
Fischer, Bernd
BE Schoitsch, E
TI Deriving Safety Cases for Hierarchical Structure in Model-Based
Development
SO COMPUTER SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 29th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and
Security
CY SEP 14-17, 2010
CL Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP European workshop Ind Comp Syst, Techn Comm, Austrian Inst Technol, Austrian Comp Soc, Austrian Assoc Res IT, Adv Res & Technol Embedded Intelligence Syst, European Res Consortium Informat & Math, Syst Engn Assoc, Gesellschaft Informat, Int Fed Automat Control, Int Fed Informat Proc, Austrian electrotechn Assoc, City Vienna, Austrian Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol
DE Model-based software development; automated code generation; formal
proofs; formal analysis; safety case; automated theorem proving
ID VERIFICATION; SOFTWARE; CODE; SYSTEMS
AB Model-based development and automated code generation are increasingly used for actual production code, in particular in mathematical and engineering domains. However, since code generators are typically not qualified, there is no guarantee that their output satisfies the system requirements, or is even safe. Here we present an approach to systematically derive safety cases that argue along the hierarchical structure in model-based development. The safety cases are constructed mechanically using a formal analysis, based on automated theorem proving, of the automatically generated code. The analysis recovers the model structure and component hierarchy from the code, providing independent assurance of both code and model. It identifies how the given system safety requirements are broken down into component requirements, and where they are ultimately established, thus establishing a hierarchy of requirements that is aligned with the hierarchical model structure. The derived safety cases reflect the results of the analysis, and provide a high-level argument that traces the requirements on the model via the inferred model structure to the code. We illustrate our approach on flight code generated from hierarchical Simulink models by Real-Time Workshop.
C1 [Basir, Nurlida; Fischer, Bernd] Univ Southampton, ECS, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
[Denney, Ewen] SGT NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Basir, N (reprint author), Univ Southampton, ECS, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
EM nb206r@ecs.soton.ac.uk; Ewen.W.Denney@nasa.gov;
b.fischer@ecs.soton.ac.uk
FU NASA [NCC2-1426, NNA07BB97C]; Malaysian Government and USIM
FX This material is based upon work supported by NASA under awards
NCC2-1426 and NNA07BB97C. The first author is funded by the Malaysian
Government and USIM.
NR 20
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-642-15650-2
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2010
VL 6351
BP 68
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BUF76
UT WOS:000289187100006
ER
PT S
AU Fries, M
Steele, A
AF Fries, Marc
Steele, Andrew
BE Dieing, T
Hollricher, O
Toporski, J
TI Raman Spectroscopy and Confocal Raman Imaging in Mineralogy and
Petrography
SO CONFOCAL RAMAN MICROSCOPY
SE Springer Series in Optical Sciences
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL; FLUID INCLUSIONS; MICROPROBE SPECTROSCOPY;
THERMAL METAMORPHISM; MARTIAN METEORITE; COMET 81P/WILD-2; MONAHANS
1998; HIGH-PRESSURE; IN-SITU; D-BAND
AB Raman spectroscopy has long been used in geosciences and a wealth of data and publications are available. The majority of this information originates from point measurements using micro-Raman setups. With the application of confocal Raman imaging, additional analytical possibilities arise with respect to analyzing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of inorganic as well as organic phases on the centimeter to sub-micrometer scale. This chapter will highlight some of the key aspects experimenters should take into consideration when performing confocal Raman measurements as well as experimental results showing the insight gained into geological samples by the use of confocal Raman imaging.
C1 [Fries, Marc] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
[Steele, Andrew] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Fries, M (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
EM marc.d.fries@jpl.nasa.gov; asteele@ciw.edu
NR 75
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0342-4111
BN 978-3-642-12521-8
J9 SPRINGER SER OPT SCI
PY 2010
VL 158
BP 111
EP 135
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12522-5
PG 25
WC Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy
GA BVZ16
UT WOS:000293198200006
ER
PT B
AU Jordan, PM
Norton, GV
Chin-Bing, SA
Warn-Varnas, A
AF Jordan, P. M.
Norton, G. V.
Chin-Bing, S. A.
Warn-Varnas, A.
BE Sohrab, SH
Catrakis, HJ
Kobasko, N
TI On the Propagation of Finite-Amplitude Acoustic Waves in Mono-Relaxing
Media
SO CONTINUUM MECHANICS, FLUIDS, HEAT
SE WSEAS Mechanical Engineering Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Continuum Mechanics/7th
WSEAS International Conference on Fluid Mechanics/7th WSEAS
International Conference on Heat and Mass Transfer
CY FEB 23-25, 2010
CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND
HO Univ Cambridge
DE Nonlinear acoustics; Abel's equation; Lambert W-function; kinematic-wave
theory
AB The propagation of finite-amplitude acoustic traveling waves in a class of mono-relaxing media is considered. The resulting associated ordinary differential equation (ODE), which is of the Abel type, is analyzed and exact, approximate, and asymptotic solutions are derived. In addition, numerical simulations are presented, special cases are discussed, and connections to other fields are noted. The analysis carried out here also serves to highlight some of the many applications of Abel's equation and the Lambert W-function, a relatively recent addition to the family of special functions, in the physical sciences.
C1 [Jordan, P. M.; Norton, G. V.; Chin-Bing, S. A.; Warn-Varnas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC
PI ATHENS
PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE
BN 978-960-474-158-8
J9 WSEAS MECH ENG SER
PY 2010
BP 67
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA BOK33
UT WOS:000276890300008
ER
PT B
AU Yoder, B
AF Yoder, Brian
BE Chapman, DW
Cummings, WK
Postiglione, GA
TI Adaptation of Globally Held Ideas about Research in China's Universities
SO CROSSING BORDERS IN EAST ASIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
SE CERC Studies in Comparative Education
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID HIGHER-EDUCATION; GLOBALIZATION; INTERNATIONALIZATION; REFORM; POLICY;
GOVERNANCE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; TAIWAN; STATE
C1 [Yoder, Brian] NASA Headquarters, Off Educ, Washington, DC USA.
RP Yoder, B (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Off Educ, Washington, DC USA.
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-94-007-0445-9
J9 CERC STUD COMP EDUC
PY 2010
VL 27
BP 103
EP 126
PG 24
WC Education & Educational Research
SC Education & Educational Research
GA BSK08
UT WOS:000284735900005
ER
PT B
AU Zak, M
AF Zak, Michail
BE Licata, I
Sakaji, A
TI PHYSICS OF LIFE FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES
SO CROSSING IN COMPLEXITY: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATION OF PHYSICS IN
BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID TERMINAL ATTRACTORS; DYNAMICS; ENTANGLEMENT; SYSTEMS
AB The objective of this work is to extend the First Principles of Newtonian mechanics to include modeling of behavior of Livings. One of the most fundamental problems associated with modeling life is to understand a mechanism of progressive evolution of complexity typical for living systems. It has been recently recognized that the evolution of living systems is progressive in a sense that it is directed to the highest levels of complexity if the complexity is measured by an irreducible number of different parts that interact in a well-regulated fashion. Such a property is not consistent with the behavior of isolated Newtonian systems that cannot increase their complexity without external forces. Indeed, the solutions to the models based upon dissipative Newtonian dynamics eventually approach attractors where the evolution stops, while these attractors dwell on the subspaces of lower dimensionality, and therefore, of the lower complexity. If thermal forces are added to mechanical ones, the Newtonian dynamics is extended to the Langevin dynamics combining both mechanics and thermodynamics effects; it is represented by stochastic differential equations that can be utilized for more advanced models in which randomness stands for multi-choice patterns of behavior typical for living systems. However, even those models do not capture the main property of living systems, i.e. their ability to evolve towards increase of complexity without external forces. Indeed, the Langevin dynamics is complemented by the corresponding diffusion equation that describes the evolution of the distribution of the probability density over the state variables; in case of an isolated system, the entropy of the probability density cannot decrease, and that expresses the second law of thermodynamics. From the viewpoint of complexity, this means that the state variables of the underlying system eventually start behaving in a uniform fashion with lesser distinguished features, i.e. with lower complexity. Reconciliation of evolution of life with the second law of thermodynamics is the central problem addressed in this paper. It is solved via introduction of the First Principle for modeling behavior of living systems. The structure of the model is quantum-inspired: it acquires the topology of the Madelung equation in which the quantum potential is replaced with the information potential. As a result, the model captures the most fundamental property of life: the progressive evolution, i.e. the ability to evolve from disorder to order without any external interference. The mathematical structure of the model can be obtained from the Newtonian equations of motion (representing the motor dynamics) coupled with the corresponding Liouville equation (representing the mental dynamics) via information forces. The unlimited capacity for increase of complexity is provided by interaction of the system with its mental images via chains of reflections: What do you think I think you think ... ?. All these specific non-Newtonian properties equip the model with the levels of complexity that match the complexity of life, and that makes the model applicable for description of behaviors of ecological, social and economics systems.
"Life is to create order in the disordered environment against the second law of thermodynamics."
E. Schrodinger, 1945
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zak, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC
PI HAUPPAUGE
PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA
BN 978-1-61668-037-4
PY 2010
BP 57
EP 132
PG 76
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BSB71
UT WOS:000284081500004
ER
PT B
AU Schneck, P
AF Schneck, Paul
BE Ghosh, S
Turrini, E
TI Restricting Anti-Circumvention Devices
SO CYBERCRIMES: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Schneck, Paul] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Washington, DC USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-13546-0
PY 2010
BP 73
EP 94
DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13547-7_4
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13547-7
PG 22
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Criminology & Penology; Law
SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology; Government & Law
GA BRQ02
UT WOS:000283392100004
ER
PT J
AU Chamoire, A
Gascoin, F
Estournes, C
Caillat, T
Tedenac, JC
AF Chamoire, A.
Gascoin, F.
Estournes, C.
Caillat, T.
Tedenac, J. -C.
TI High-temperature transport properties of complex antimonides with
anti-Th3P4 structure
SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; VALENCE FLUCTUATION; YB14MN1-XALXSB11;
EFFICIENCY; YB4SB3; PHASES; SYSTEM; YB4BI3; YB4AS3
AB Polycrystalline samples of R4Sb3 (R = La, Ce, Smand Yb) and Yb4-xR'Sb-x(3)(R' = Sm and La) have been quantitatively synthesized by high-temperature reaction. They crystallize in the anti-Th3P4 structure type (I (4) over bar 3d, no. 220). Structural and chemical characterizations have been performed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Powders have been densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300 degrees C under 50 MPa of pressure. Transport property measurements show that these compounds are n-type with low Seebeck coefficient except for Yb4Sb3 that shows a typical metallic behavior with hole conduction. By partially substituting Yb by a trivalent rare earth we successfully improved the thermoelectric figure of merit of Yb4-xR'Sb-x(3) up to 0.75 at 1000 degrees C.
C1 [Chamoire, A.; Tedenac, J. -C.] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Equipe PMOF, CNRS,ENSCM,UM2,UM1,UMR 5253, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
[Gascoin, F.; Estournes, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, MHT, PNF2, CIRIMAT, F-33062 Toulouse, France.
[Caillat, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gascoin, F (reprint author), ENSICAEN CNRS, UMR 6508, Lab CRISMAT, F-14050 Caen 4, France.
EM franck.gascoin@ensicaen.fr
RI ESTOURNES, Claude/F-2322-2017
OI ESTOURNES, Claude/0000-0001-8381-8454
FU Agence Nationale pour la Recherche [ANR-JCJC06-1355090]
FX The authors would like to thank the financial support of the "Agence
Nationale pour la Recherche", project ANR-JCJC06-1355090. The help of C.
Rebel for the magnetic measurements is also acknowledged.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 9
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1477-9226
J9 DALTON T
JI Dalton Trans.
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 4
BP 1118
EP 1123
DI 10.1039/b914712h
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 542TK
UT WOS:000273518400020
PM 20066200
ER
PT B
AU Cohn, SE
AF Cohn, Stephen E.
BE Lahoz, W
Khattatov, B
Menard, R
TI The Principle of Energetic Consistency in Data Assimilation
SO DATA ASSIMILATION: MAKING SENSE OF OBSERVATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; STOCHASTIC
DYNAMIC PREDICTION; ERROR; MODEL; SYSTEMS; 4D-VAR
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Cohn, SE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM stephen.e.cohn@nasa.gov
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-74702-4
PY 2010
BP 137
EP 216
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_7
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1
PG 80
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA BQU45
UT WOS:000281867600007
ER
PT B
AU Yudin, V
Khatattov, B
AF Yudin, Valery
Khatattov, Boris
BE Lahoz, W
Khattatov, B
Menard, R
TI Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry and Constituent Transport
SO DATA ASSIMILATION: MAKING SENSE OF OBSERVATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITY; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; TROPOPAUSE; EXCHANGE;
MODEL
C1 [Yudin, Valery] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Global Modeling Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Yudin, Valery] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Khatattov, Boris] Fus Numer Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Yudin, V (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Global Modeling Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM vyudin@ucar.edu; boris@fusionnumerics.com
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-74702-4
PY 2010
BP 409
EP 430
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_16
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1
PG 22
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA BQU45
UT WOS:000281867600016
ER
PT B
AU Khattatov, B
Yudin, V
AF Khattatov, Boris
Yudin, Valery
BE Lahoz, W
Khattatov, B
Menard, R
TI Representation and Modelling of Uncertainties in Chemistry and Transport
Models
SO DATA ASSIMILATION: MAKING SENSE OF OBSERVATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; DYNAMICS
C1 [Khattatov, Boris] Fus Numer Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Yudin, Valery] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Global Modeling Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Yudin, Valery] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Khattatov, B (reprint author), Fus Numer Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
EM boris@fusionnumerics.com; vyudin@ucar.edu; boris@fusionnumerics.com
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-74702-4
PY 2010
BP 431
EP 448
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_17
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1
PG 18
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA BQU45
UT WOS:000281867600017
ER
PT B
AU Rood, RB
Bosilovich, MG
AF Rood, Richard B.
Bosilovich, Michael G.
BE Lahoz, W
Khattatov, B
Menard, R
TI Reanalysis: Data Assimilation for Scientific Investigation of Climate
SO DATA ASSIMILATION: MAKING SENSE OF OBSERVATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID NCEP-NCAR; SPATIOTEMPORAL STRUCTURE; ANTARCTIC PRECIPITATION; GLOBAL
PRECIPITATION; ENERGY BUDGETS; PART II; MODEL; ECMWF; VARIABILITY;
FORECASTS
C1 [Rood, Richard B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Bosilovich, Michael G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Rood, RB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM rbrood@umich.edu; Michael.Bosilovich@nasa.gov
RI Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008
OI Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262
NR 64
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-74702-4
PY 2010
BP 623
EP 646
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_23
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1
PG 24
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA BQU45
UT WOS:000281867600023
ER
PT B
AU Masutani, M
Schlatter, TW
Errico, RM
Stoffelen, A
Andersson, E
Lahoz, W
Woollen, JS
Emmitt, GD
Riishojgaard, LP
Lord, SJ
AF Masutani, Michiko
Schlatter, Thomas W.
Errico, Ronald M.
Stoffelen, Ad
Andersson, Erik
Lahoz, William
Woollen, John S.
Emmitt, G. David
Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter
Lord, Stephen J.
BE Lahoz, W
Khattatov, B
Menard, R
TI Observing System Simulation Experiments
SO DATA ASSIMILATION: MAKING SENSE OF OBSERVATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID DOPPLER WIND LIDAR; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; IMPACT
ASSESSMENT; ADJOINT; FUTURE; MISSION
C1 [Masutani, Michiko; Woollen, John S.; Lord, Stephen J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Masutani, Michiko] Wyle Informat Syst, El Segundo, CA USA.
[Schlatter, Thomas W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Errico, Ronald M.; Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Errico, Ronald M.; Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Stoffelen, Ad] Royal Dutch Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Andersson, Erik] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England.
[Lahoz, William] NILU, Norwegian Inst Air Res, Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway.
[Woollen, John S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA.
[Emmitt, G. David] SWA, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Masutani, M (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
EM Michiko.Masutani@noaa.gov; Tom.Schlatter@noaa.gov;
Ronald.M.Errico@nasa.gov; Ad.Stoffelen@knmi.nl;
erik.andersson@ecmwf.int; wal@nilu.no; Jack.Woollen@noaa.gov;
gde@swa.com; Lars.P.Riishojgaard@nasa.gov; Stephen.Lord@noaa.gov;
wal@nilu.no
OI Stoffelen, Ad/0000-0002-4018-4073
NR 58
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-74702-4
PY 2010
BP 647
EP 679
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_24
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1
PG 33
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA BQU45
UT WOS:000281867600024
ER
PT S
AU Gehrels, N
Cannizzo, JK
AF Gehrels, N.
Cannizzo, J. K.
BE Kawai, N
Nagataki, S
TI Recent Progress on GRBs with Swift
SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray
Bursts
CY APR 19-23, 2010
CL Kyoto, JAPAN
SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci (JSPS), Kyoto Univ
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; HOST GALAXY; JET BREAKS; AFTERGLOW;
TELESCOPE; REDSHIFT; GRB-050709; DISCOVERY; SUPERNOVA
AB We are in an exciting period of discovery for gamma-ray bursts. The Swift observatory is detecting 100 bursts per year, providing arcsecond localizations and sensitive observations of the prompt and afterglow emission. In addition, rapid-response telescopes on the ground have new capabilities to study optical emission during the prompt phase and spectral signatures of the host galaxies. The combined data set is enabling great advances in our understanding of GRBs including afterglow physics, short burst origin, and supernova physics.
C1 [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cannizzo, J. K.] CREST UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gehrels, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012
FU Astroparticle Physics Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Genter,
Greenbelt,USA [MD 20771]; GRESST/Joint Genter for Astrophysics, Univ. of
Maryland, Baltimore Gounty, Baltimore,USA [MD 21250]
FX Astroparticle Physics Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Genter,
Greenbelt, MD 20771,USA; GRESST/Joint Genter for Astrophysics, Univ. of
Maryland, Baltimore Gounty, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0829-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1279
BP 1
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3509262
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTJ80
UT WOS:000287125000001
ER
PT S
AU Sakamoto, T
Barthelmy, S
Baumgartner, W
Cummings, J
Fenimore, E
Gehrels, N
Krimm, H
Markwardt, C
Palmer, D
Parsons, A
Sato, G
Stamatikos, M
Tueller, J
Ukwatta, T
AF Sakamoto, T.
Barthelmy, S.
Baumgartner, W.
Cummings, J.
Fenimore, E.
Gehrels, N.
Krimm, H.
Markwardt, C.
Palmer, D.
Parsons, A.
Sato, G.
Stamatikos, M.
Tueller, J.
Ukwatta, T.
BE Kawai, N
Nagataki, S
TI BAT2 GRB Catalog - Prompt Emission Properties of Swift GRBs
SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray
Bursts
CY APR 19-23, 2010
CL Kyoto, JAPAN
SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci (JSPS), Kyoto Univ
DE gamma ray: bursts
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ALERT TELESCOPE; MISSION; FLASHES
AB We present the second Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) catalog of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which contains 476 bursts detected by the BAT between 2004 December 19 and 2009 December 21. This catalog presents burst trigger time, location, 90% error radius, duration, fluence, peak flux, time-averaged spectral parameters and time-resolved spectral parameters measured by the BAT. The BAT T-90 duration peaks at 70 s. We confirm that the spectra of the BAT short-duration GRBs are generally harder than those of the long-duration GRBs. The observed durations of the BAT high redshift GRBs are not systematically longer than those of the moderate redshift GRBs. Furthermore, the observed spectra of the BAT high redshift GRBs are similar to or harder than the moderate redshift GRBs.
C1 [Sakamoto, T.; Baumgartner, W.; Cummings, J.; Krimm, H.; Markwardt, C.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sakamoto, T.; Baumgartner, W.; Cummings, J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Sakamoto, T.; Barthelmy, S.; Baumgartner, W.; Gehrels, N.; Markwardt, C.; Parsons, A.; Tueller, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fenimore, E.; Palmer, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Krimm, H.] Univ Space Res Associat, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
[Markwardt, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sato, G.] JAXA Kanagawa, Inst Space & Astronut, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Conmol & Astro Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Ukwatta, T.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Nuclear Studies, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller,
Jack/D-5334-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0829-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1279
BP 20
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3509266
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTJ80
UT WOS:000287125000004
ER
PT S
AU Troja, E
Rosswog, S
Gehrels, N
AF Troja, E.
Rosswog, S.
Gehrels, N.
BE Kawai, N
Nagataki, S
TI Precursors of short GRBs
SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray
Bursts
CY APR 19-23, 2010
CL Kyoto, JAPAN
SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci (JSPS), Kyoto Univ
DE gamma-ray bursts; neutron stars
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; COALESCING NEUTRON-STARS; PHYSICAL MODELS; JETS; STEP
AB We carried out a systematic search of precursors on the sample of short GRBs observed by Swift. We found that similar to 8-10% of short GRBs display such early episode of emission. One burst (GRB 090510) shows two precursor events, the former similar to 13 s and the latter similar to 0.5 s before the GRB. We discuss possible mechanisms to reproduce the observed precursor emission within the scenario of compact object mergers.
C1 [Troja, E.; Gehrels, N.] NASA GSFC, Huntsville, AL 35808 USA.
[Rosswog, S.] NASA, Huntsville, AL 35808 USA.
[Gehrels, N.] Jacobs Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
RP Troja, E (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Huntsville, AL 35808 USA.
RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012
FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center
FX We thank G. Skinner and C. Markwardt for discussions and useful
suggestions on the Swift/BAT data analysis. This research was supported
by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space
Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through
a contract with NASA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0829-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1279
BP 132
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3509249
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTJ80
UT WOS:000287125000023
ER
PT S
AU Racusin, JL
AF Racusin, Judith L.
BE Kawai, N
Nagataki, S
TI Afterglow Populations Studies from Swift Follow-up of Fermi-LAT GRBs
SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray
Bursts
CY APR 19-23, 2010
CL Kyoto, JAPAN
SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci, Kyoto Univ
DE gamma-ray sources; gamma-ray bursts
ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; TELESCOPE; SAMPLE
AB The small population of Fermi LAT detected GRBs discovered over the last two years has been providing interesting and unexpected clues into ORB prompt and afterglow emission mechanisms. Over the last 5 years, it has been Swift that has provided the robust data set of UV/optical and X-ray afterglow observations that opened many windows into other components of ORB emission structure. We explore the new ability to utilize both of these observatories to study the same GRBs over 10 orders of magnitude in energy, although not always concurrently. Almost all LAT GRBs that have been followed-up by Swift within 1-day have been clearly detected and carefully observed. We will present the context of the lower-energy afterglows of this special subset of GRBs that has > 100 MeV emission compared to the hundreds in the Swift database that may or may not have been observed by LAT, and theorize upon the relationship between these properties and the origin of the high energy gamma-ray emission.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Racusin, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0829-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1279
BP 152
EP 155
DI 10.1063/1.3509254
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTJ80
UT WOS:000287125000027
ER
PT S
AU Nishikawa, KI
Niemiec, J
Medvedev, M
Zhang, B
Hardee, P
Mizuno, Y
Nordlund, A
Frederiksen, J
Sol, H
Pohl, M
Hartmann, DH
Fishman, GJ
AF Nishikawa, K. -I.
Niemiec, J.
Medvedev, M.
Zhang, B.
Hardee, P.
Mizuno, Y.
Nordlund, A.
Frederiksen, J.
Sol, H.
Pohl, M.
Hartmann, D. H.
Fishman, G. J.
BE Kawai, N
Nagataki, S
TI Simulation of Relativistic Shocks and Associated Self-consistent
Radiation
SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray
Bursts
CY APR 19-23, 2010
CL Kyoto, JAPAN
SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci (JSPS), Kyoto Univ
DE Particle-in-cell method (plasma simulation); Synchrotron radiation by
moving charges
ID COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PROMPT EMISSION; PLASMA
AB We calculated radiation from electrons propagating in a uniform parallel magnetic field to verify our technique. We also used our new technique to calculate emission from electrons in small simulation systems with three different Lorentz factors and ambient parallel magnetic fields. We obtained spectra which are consistent with those generated by electrons propagating in turbulent magnetic fields, that are generated at an early nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability.
C1 [Nishikawa, K. -I.; Mizuno, Y.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Niemiec, J.] Inst Nucl Phys, P-31342 Krakow, Poland.
[Medvedev, M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Hardee, P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Nordlund, A.; Frederiksen, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Pohl, M.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
[Hartmann, D. H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Fishman, G. J.] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
Observ Paris, Meudon Sect, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France.
RP Nishikawa, KI (reprint author), Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
RI Frederiksen, Jacob Trier/P-6757-2015; Mizuno, Yosuke/D-5656-2017
OI Frederiksen, Jacob Trier/0000-0002-3560-0044; Mizuno,
Yosuke/0000-0002-8131-6730
FU NSF [AST-0506719]; AST [0506666, 0908040, 0908010]; NASA [NNG05GK73G,
NNX07AJ88G, NNX08AG83G, NNX08AL39G, NNX09AD16G]; MNi-SW research
projects [1 P03D 003 29, N N203 393034]; Foundation for Polish Science
through the HOMING program; EEA Financial Mechanism; Danish Natural
Science Research Council; National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164]
FX This work is supported by NSF-AST-0506719, AST-0506666, AST-0908040,
AST- 0908010, NASA-NNG05GK73G, NNX07AJ88G, NNX08AG83G, NNX08AL39G, and
NNX09AD16G. JN was supported by MNi-SW research projects 1 P03D 003 29
and N N203 393034, and The Foundation for Polish Science through the
HOMING program, which is supported through the EEA Financial Mechanism.
Simulations were performed at the Columbia facility at the NASA Advanced
Supercomputing (NAS). and SGI Altix (obalt) at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) which is supported by the NSF. Part
of this work was done while K.-I. N. was visiting the Niels Bohr
Institute. Support from the Danish Natural Science Research Council is
gratefully acknowledged. This report was finalized during the program
Particle Acceleration in Astrophysical Plasmas at the Kavli Institute
for Theoretical Physics which is supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0829-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1279
BP 261
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3509279
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTJ80
UT WOS:000287125000048
ER
PT S
AU Hosokawa, T
Omukai, K
Yorke, HW
AF Hosokawa, Takashi
Omukai, Kazuyuki
Yorke, Harold W.
BE Kawai, N
Nagataki, S
TI Mass Accretion Process to the Forming First Star
SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray
Bursts
CY APR 19-23, 2010
CL Kyoto, JAPAN
SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci (JSPS), Kyoto Univ
DE First stars; Mass Accretion; Circumstellar Disk
ID PROTOSTARS
AB The final mass of the first star is fixed when mass accretion to a protostar ceases. We report our recent 2-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the mass accretion process to the primordial protostar. The protostellar evolution is also simultaneously calculated by solving the stellar interior structure. Our preliminary calculation shows that a circumstellar disk forms around the primordial protostar. The disk is almost fully molecular, and surrounded by warmer neutral envelope. Mass accretion to the star takes place via this accretion disk at high rates exceeding several x 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1). With such high accretion rates, total luminosity of the protostar approaches the Eddington luminosity before the protostar reaches the zero-age main sequence stage. Radiation pressure exerted on gas accretion envelope should regulate the mass accretion when the protostellar mass exceeds 80 M-circle dot, which is before the stellar UV radiation influences the accretion flow.
C1 [Hosokawa, Takashi; Omukai, Kazuyuki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Yorke, Harold W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hosokawa, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
FU Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(JSPS); Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California; Institute of Technology;
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
FX This study is supported in part by Research Fellowships of the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Portions of this work were
conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, operating under a contract with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0829-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1279
BP 327
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3509299
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTJ80
UT WOS:000287125000067
ER
PT S
AU Hurley, K
Golenetskii, S
Aptekar, R
Mazets, E
Pal'shin, V
Frederiks, D
Mitrofanov, IG
Golovin, D
Litvak, ML
Sanin, AB
Boynton, W
Fellows, C
Harshman, K
Starr, R
Smith, DM
Wigger, C
Hajdas, W
von Kienlin, A
Rau, A
Yamaoka, K
Ohno, M
Takahashi, T
Fukazawa, Y
Tashiro, M
Terada, Y
Murakami, T
Makishima, K
Barthelmy, S
Cline, T
Cummings, J
Gehrels, N
Krimm, H
Goldsten, J
Del Monte, E
Feroci, M
Marisaldi, M
Briggs, M
Connaughton, V
Meegan, C
AF Hurley, K.
Golenetskii, S.
Aptekar, R.
Mazets, E.
Pal'shin, V.
Frederiks, D.
Mitrofanov, I. G.
Golovin, D.
Litvak, M. L.
Sanin, A. B.
Boynton, W.
Fellows, C.
Harshman, K.
Starr, R.
Smith, D. M.
Wigger, C.
Hajdas, W.
von Kienlin, A.
Rau, A.
Yamaoka, K.
Ohno, M.
Takahashi, T.
Fukazawa, Y.
Tashiro, M.
Terada, Y.
Murakami, T.
Makishima, K.
Barthelmy, S.
Cline, T.
Cummings, J.
Gehrels, N.
Krimm, H.
Goldsten, J.
Del Monte, E.
Feroci, M.
Marisaldi, M.
Briggs, M.
Connaughton, V.
Meegan, C.
BE Kawai, N
Nagataki, S
TI The Third Interplanetary Network
SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray
Bursts
CY APR 19-23, 2010
CL Kyoto, JAPAN
SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci (JSPS), Kyoto Univ
DE gamma-rays: bursts; instrumentation
AB The 3rd interplanetary network (IPN), which has been in operation since 1990, presently consists of 9 spacecraft: AGILE, Fermi, RHESSI, Suzaku, and Swift, in low Earth orbit; INTEGRAL, in eccentric Earth orbit with apogee 0.5 light-seconds; Wind, up to similar to 7 light-seconds from Earth; MESSENGER, en route to Mercury; and Mars Odyssey, in orbit around Mars. The IPN operates as a full-time, all-sky monitor for transients down to a threshold of about 6 x 10(-7) erg cm(-2) or 1 photon cm(-2) s(-1). It detects similar to 346 cosmic gamma-ray bursts per year. These events are generally not the same ones detected by narrower field of view instruments such as Swift, INTEGRAL IBIS, and SuperAGILE; the localization accuracy is in the several arcminute and above range. The uses of the IPN data are described.
C1 [Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Golenetskii, S.; Aptekar, R.; Mazets, E.; Pal'shin, V.; Frederiks, D.] Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Golovin, D.; Litvak, M. L.; Sanin, A. B.] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia.
[Boynton, W.; Fellows, C.; Harshman, K.; Starr, R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Smith, D. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Smith, D. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Wigger, C.; Hajdas, W.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
[von Kienlin, A.; Rau, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrische Phys, Garching, Germany.
[Yamaoka, K.] Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Ohno, M.; Takahashi, T.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci ISAS JAXA, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Fukazawa, Y.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima, Japan.
[Tashiro, M.; Terada, Y.] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama, Japan.
[Murakami, T.] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Ishikawa, Japan.
[Makishima, K.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Makishima Cosm Radiat Lab, Saitama, Japan.
[Barthelmy, S.; Cline, T.; Cummings, J.; Gehrels, N.; Krimm, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Cline, T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Applied Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
[Goldsten, J.] IASF INAF, Rome, Italy.
[Del Monte, E.; Feroci, M.] IASF INAF, Bologna, Italy.
[Marisaldi, M.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL USA.
[Briggs, M.; Connaughton, V.] Univ Space Res Associat, Huntsville, AL USA.
RP Hurley, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Frederiks,
Dmitry/C-7612-2014; Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Aptekar,
Raphail/B-3456-2015; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015;
OI Frederiks, Dmitry/0000-0002-1153-6340; Feroci,
Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Marisaldi, Martino/0000-0002-4000-3789
FU Suzaku Guest Investigator program through NASA [NNX09AV61G, NNX08AZ85G];
Russian Space Agency; RFBR [09-02-12080]
FX KH is grateful for support under the Suzaku Guest Investigator program
through NASA grants NNX09AV61G and NNX08AZ85G. The Konus-Wind experiment
is supported by a Russian Space Agency contract and RFBR grant
09-02-12080 ofi_m.
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0829-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1279
BP 330
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3509301
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTJ80
UT WOS:000287125000068
ER
PT S
AU Bhatt, RT
Cosgriff, LM
Fox, DS
AF Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
Cosgriff, Laura M.
Fox, Dennis S.
BE Singh, D
Zhu, DM
Zhou, M
TI INFLUENCE OF FIBER ARCHITECTURE ON IMPACT RESISTANCE OF UNCOATED SIC/SIC
COMPOSITES
SO DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND APPLICATIONS OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND
COMPOSITES
SE Ceramic Transactions
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology
CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP Amer Ceram Soc
ID ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS; DAMAGE
AB 2-D and 2.5D woven SiC/SiC composites fabricated by melt infiltration (MI) method were impact tested at ambient temperature and at 1316 degrees C in air Using 1.59-mm diameter steel-ball projectiles at velocities ranging from 115 m/s to 300 m/s. The extent of substrate damage with increasing projectile velocity was imaged and analyzed using optical microscopy, pulsed thermography, and computed tomography. Results indicate that both types of composites impact tested at ambient temperature and at 1316 degrees C showed increased surface or internal damage with increased projectile velocity. At a fixed projectile velocity, the extant of impact damage caused at ambient temperature is nearly the same as that at 1316 degrees C. Predominant impact damage mechanisms in 2-D SiC/SiC composites are fiber ply delamination, fiber fracture and matrix shearing, and in 2.5D SiC/SiC composites are fiber fracture and matrix shearing with no evidence of delamination cracks. Under similar testing conditions, the depth of projectile penetration into 2.5D SiC/SiC composites is significantly, lower than that in 2D SiC/SiC composites.
C1 [Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 1042-1122
BN 978-0-470-88936-7
J9 CERAM TRANS
PY 2010
VL 215
BP 97
EP +
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BTM12
UT WOS:000287268800010
ER
PT S
AU Roth, DJ
Rauser, RW
Jacobson, NS
Wincheski, RA
Walker, JL
Cosgriff, LA
AF Roth, Don J.
Rauser, Richard W.
Jacobson, Nathan S.
Wincheski, Russell A.
Walker, James L.
Cosgriff, Laura A.
BE Singh, D
Zhu, DM
Zhou, M
TI NDE FOR CHARACTERIZING OXIDATION DAMAGE IN REINFORCED CARBON-CARBON
SO DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND APPLICATIONS OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND
COMPOSITES
SE Ceramic Transactions
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology
CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP Amer Ceram Soc
AB In this study, coated reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) samples of similar structure and composition as that from the NASA space shuttle orbiter's thermal protection system were fabricated with slots in their coating simulating craze cracks. These specimens were used to study oxidation damage detection and characterization using NDE methods. These specimens were heat treated in air at 1143 and 1200 degrees C to create cavities in the carbon substrate underneath the coating as oxygen reacted with the carbon and resulted in its consumption. The cavities varied in diameter from approximately I to 3 mm. Single-sided NDE methods were used since they might be practical for on-wing inspection, while X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) was used to measure cavity sizes in order to validate oxidation models under development for carbon-carbon materials. An RCC sample having a naturally-cracked coating and subsequent oxidation damage was also studied with X-ray micro-CT. This effort is a follow-on study to one that characterized NDE methods for assessing oxidation damage in an RCC sample with drilled holes in the coating. The results of that study are briefly reviewed in this article as well. Additionally, a short discussion on the future role of simulation to aid in these studies is provided.
C1 [Roth, Don J.; Jacobson, Nathan S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM donald.j.roth@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 1042-1122
BN 978-0-470-88936-7
J9 CERAM TRANS
PY 2010
VL 215
BP 167
EP +
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BTM12
UT WOS:000287268800016
ER
PT S
AU Hoglund, L
Soibel, A
Hill, CJ
Ting, DZ
Khoshakhlagh, A
Liao, A
Keo, S
Lee, MC
Jean, N
Mumolo, JM
Gunapala, SD
AF Hoglund, Linda
Soibel, Alexander
Hill, Cory J.
Ting, David Z.
Khoshakhlagh, Arezou
Liao, Anna
Keo, Sam
Lee, Michael C.
Jean Nguyen
Mumolo, Jason M.
Gunapala, Sarath D.
BE Dereniak, EL
Hartke, JP
LeVan, PD
Longshore, RE
Sood, AK
Razeghi, M
Sudharsanam, R
TI Optical studies on antimonide superlattice infrared detector material
SO DETECTORS AND IMAGING DEVICES: INFRARED, FOCAL PLANE, SINGLE PHOTON
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Detectors and Imaging Devices - Infrared, Focal Plane,
Single Photon
CY AUG 04-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE photoluminescence; heterostructure; infrared; photodetector;
superlattice
ID QUANTUM DOTS; CARRIER
AB In this study the material quality and optical properties of type II InAs/GaSb superlattices are investigated using transmission and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The influence of the material quality on the intensity of the luminescence and on the electrical properties of the detectors is studied and a good correlation between the photodetector current-voltage (IV) characteristics and the PL intensity is observed. Studies of the temperature dependence of the PL reveal that Shockley-Read-Hall processes are limiting the minority carrier lifetime in both the mid-IR wavelength and the long-IR wavelength detector material studied. These results demonstrate that PL spectroscopy is a valuable tool for optimization of infrared detectors.
C1 [Hoglund, Linda; Soibel, Alexander; Hill, Cory J.; Ting, David Z.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Liao, Anna; Keo, Sam; Lee, Michael C.; Jean Nguyen; Mumolo, Jason M.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hoglund, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 12
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8276-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7780
AR 77800D
DI 10.1117/12.866082
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BTS05
UT WOS:000287928300008
ER
PT S
AU Krainak, MA
Yang, GN
Lu, W
Sun, XL
AF Krainak, Michael A.
Yang, Guangning
Lu, Wei
Sun, Xiaoli
BE Dereniak, EL
Hartke, JP
LeVan, PD
Longshore, RE
Sood, AK
Razeghi, M
Sudharsanam, R
TI Photon-counting detectors for space-based applications
SO DETECTORS AND IMAGING DEVICES: INFRARED, FOCAL PLANE, SINGLE PHOTON
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Detectors and Imaging Devices - Infrared, Focal Plane,
Single Photon
CY AUG 04-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Photon-counting; detectors; satellite; lasers; avalanche-photodiodes;
photomultipliers; optical communication
ID HYBRID PHOTOMULTIPLIER; PERFORMANCE; MODULES; SYSTEM
AB Photon-counting detectors are required for numerous NASA future space-based applications including science instruments and free-space optical communication terminals. We discuss the baseline and alternative photon counting detectors that are under evaluation for deployment on the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat2) Advance Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS). Future NASA science instruments and free space laser communication terminal receiver performance can be improved by using single-photon-sensitive detectors. Photomultipliers and avalanche photodiodes are the primary candidates. Single-photon-sensitive detectors provide efficient receivers that minimize the required space-based resources (size, weight, power and cost).
C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Yang, Guangning; Lu, Wei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8276-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7780
AR 77801J
DI 10.1117/12.864025
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BTS05
UT WOS:000287928300040
ER
PT B
AU Kohli, R
AF Kohli, Rajiv
BE Kohli, R
Mittal, KL
TI Strippable Coatings for Removal of Surface Contaminants
SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 2: PARTICLE
DEPOSITION, CONTROL AND REMOVAL
SE Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID OPTICAL-SURFACES; ADHESIVE TAPE; DECONTAMINATION; ULTRAVIOLET;
PARTICLES; DITHRANOL; POLYMER; FABRICS; MIRRORS; VACUUM
C1 Aerosp Corp, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Kohli, R (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 173
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC
PI NORWICH
PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA
BN 978-1-4377-7831-1; 978-1-4377-7830-4
J9 DEV SURF CONTAM CL
PY 2010
VL 2
BP 177
EP 224
PG 48
WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BFD90
UT WOS:000319315900006
ER
PT J
AU Voronov, OA
Street, KW
AF Voronov, O. A.
Street, K. W., Jr.
TI Raman scattering in a new carbon material
SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon material; Diamond; Raman spectra; Vickers hardness
ID PRESSURE
AB Samples of a new carbon material, Diamonite-B, were fabricated under high pressure from a commercial carbon black - identified as mixed fullerenes The new material is neither graphite-like nor diamond-like, but exhibits electrical properties close to graphite and mechanical properties close to diamond The use of Raman spectroscopy to investigate the vibrational dynamics of this new carbon material and to provide structural characterization of its short-, medium- and long-range order is reported. We also provide the results of investigations of these samples by high resolution electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction Hardness. electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and other properties of this new material are compared with synthetic graphite-like and diamond-like materials. two other phases of synthetic bulk carbon (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
C1 [Voronov, O. A.] Diamond Mat Inc, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Street, K. W., Jr.] NASA, GRC, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Voronov, OA (reprint author), Diamond Mat Inc, 120 Centennial Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-9635
J9 DIAM RELAT MATER
JI Diam. Relat. Mat.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 1
BP 31
EP 39
DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2009.10.018
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 551TZ
UT WOS:000274234500007
ER
PT J
AU Chevalley, E
Bangerter, A
AF Chevalley, Eric
Bangerter, Adrian
TI Suspending and Reinstating Joint Activities With Dialogue
SO DISCOURSE PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
ID ENDING SOCIAL ENCOUNTERS; INTERRUPTION; CONVERSATION; PROJECTS; WORK;
TASK
AB Interruptions are common in joint activities like conversations. Typically, interrupted participants suspend the activity, address the interruption, and then reinstate the activity. In conversation, people jointly commit to interact and to talk about a topic, establishing these commitments sequentially. When a commitment is suspended, face is threatened and grounding disrupted. This article proposes and tests a model for suspending and reinstating joint activities, using evidence from naturally occurring suspensions in the Switchboard corpus (Study 1) and from a laboratory experiment (Study 2). Results showed that long suspensions led to more politeness and more collaborative effort in reinstatement than short suspensions. Also, listeners were more polite than speakers in suspending joint activities. Overall, suspending and reinstating a joint activity was shown to be a collaborative task that requires coordination of both the topic and the participants' face needs.
C1 [Chevalley, Eric; Bangerter, Adrian] Univ Neuchatel, Dept Ind & Org Psychol, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
RP Chevalley, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM eric.chevalley@nasa.gov
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0163-853X
J9 DISCOURSE PROCESS
JI Discl. Process.
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 4
BP 263
EP 291
AR PII 922042403
DI 10.1080/01638530902959935
PG 29
WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 594AI
UT WOS:000277504700001
ER
PT S
AU Barnes, RA
Brown, SW
Lykke, KR
Guenther, B
Xiong, XX
Butler, JJ
AF Barnes, Robert A.
Brown, Steven W.
Lykke, Keith R.
Guenther, Bruce
Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
Butler, James J.
BE Xiong, X
Kim, C
Shimoda, H
TI Comparison of two methodologies for calibrating satellite instruments in
the visible and near infrared
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization
CY OCT 13-14, 2010
CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA
SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv
DE NPP VIIRS; radiance; prelaunch calibration
ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE
AB Traditionally, satellite instruments that measure Earth-reflected solar radiation in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions have been calibrated for radiance response in a two-step method. In the first step, the spectral response of the instrument is determined using a nearly monochromatic light source, such as a lamp-illuminated monochromator. Such sources only provide a relative spectral response (RSR) for the instrument, since they do not act as calibrated sources of light nor do they typically fill the field-of-view of the instrument. In the second step, the instrument views a calibrated source of broadband light, such as a lamp-illuminated integrating sphere. In the traditional method, the RSR and the sphere spectral radiance are combined and, with the instrument's response, determine the absolute spectral radiance responsivity of the instrument. More recently, an absolute calibration system using widely tunable monochromatic laser systems has been developed. Using these sources, the absolute spectral responsivity (ASR) of an instrument can be determined on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis. From these monochromatic ASRs, the responses of the instrument bands to broadband radiance sources can be calculated directly, eliminating the need for calibrated broadband light sources such as integrating spheres. Here we describe the laser-based calibration and the traditional broad-band source-based calibration of the NPP VIIRS sensor, and compare the derived calibration coefficients for the instrument. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the new calibration approach on the on-orbit performance of the sensor.
C1 [Barnes, Robert A.] NASA, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Barnes, RA (reprint author), NASA, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 614-8, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Robert.A.Barnes@nasa.gov
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012; Butler, James/D-4188-2013
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8392-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7862
AR 78620C
DI 10.1117/12.868356
PG 19
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BTO93
UT WOS:000287661700007
ER
PT S
AU Butler, JJ
Georgiev, GT
Tveekrem, JL
Quijada, M
Getty, S
Hagopian, JG
AF Butler, James J.
Georgiev, Georgi T.
Tveekrem, June L.
Quijada, Manuel
Getty, Stephanie
Hagopian, John G.
BE Xiong, X
Kim, C
Shimoda, H
TI Initial Studies of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function
of Carbon Nanotube Structures for Stray Light Control Applications
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization
CY OCT 13-14, 2010
CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA
SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv
DE multiwalled carbon nanotubes; bidirectional reflectance distribution
function; 8(o) directional/hemispherical reflectance; silicon
ID OPTICAL-BLACK COATINGS; SURFACES; IR
AB The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) at visible and near-infrared wavelengths of Multi-Wall Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNTs) grown on substrate materials are reported. The BRDF measurements were performed in the Diffuser Calibration Laboratory (DCaL) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, and results at 500nm and 900nm are reported here. In addition, the 8(o) Directional/Hemispherical Reflectance of the samples is reported from the ultraviolet to shortwave infrared. The 8(o) Directional/Hemispherical Reflectance was measured in the Optics Branch at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The BRDF was measured at 0(o) and 45(o) incident angles and from -80(o) to + 80(o) scatter angles using a monochromatic source. The optical scatter properties of the samples as represented by their BRDF were found to be strongly influenced by the choice of substrate. As a reference, the optical scattering properties of the carbon nanotubes are compared to the BRDF of Aeroglaze Z306 (TM) and Rippey Ultrapol IV (TM), a well-known black paint and black applique, respectively. The possibility, promise, and challenges of employing carefully engineered carbon nanotubes in straylight control applications particularly for spaceflight instrumentation is also discussed.
C1 [Butler, James J.; Tveekrem, June L.; Quijada, Manuel; Getty, Stephanie; Hagopian, John G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Butler, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-4 Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Butler, James/D-4188-2013
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8392-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7862
AR 78620D
DI 10.1117/12.869569
PG 16
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BTO93
UT WOS:000287661700008
ER
PT S
AU Doelling, DR
Hong, G
Morstad, D
Bhatt, R
Gopalan, A
Xiong, XX
AF Doelling, David R.
Hong, Gang
Morstad, Dan
Bhatt, Rajendra
Gopalan, Arun
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
BE Xiong, X
Kim, C
Shimoda, H
TI The characterization of deep convective cloud albedo as a calibration
target using MODIS reflectances
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization
CY OCT 13-14, 2010
CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA
SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv
DE Calibration; MODIS; Deep Convective Clouds
ID PART I; SATELLITE
AB There are over 25 years of historical satellite data available for climate analysis. The historical satellite data needs to be properly calibrated, especially in the visible, for sensors with no onboard calibration. Accurate vicarious calibration of historical satellites relies on invariant targets, such as the moon, Dome C, and deserts. Deep convective clouds (DCC) also show promise of being a stable or predictable target viewable by all satellites, since they behave as solar diffusers. However DCC have not been well characterized for calibration. Ten years of well-calibrated MODIS radiances are now available. DCC can easily be identified using IR thresholds, where the IR calibration can be traced to the onboard blackbodies. The natural variability of the DCC radiance will be analyzed geographically, seasonally, and for differences of convection initiated over land and ocean. Functionality between particle size and ozone absorption with DCC albedo will be examined theoretically. Although DCC clouds are nearly Lambertian, the angular distribution of reflectances will be sampled and compared with theoretical models. Both Aqua and Terra MODIS DCC angular models were compared for consistency. The DCC method was able to identify two calibration coefficient discontinuities in the Terra-MODIS Collection 5 10-year record and validated the calibration stability of MODIS to within 0.1% per decade. The DCC method needs to take into account the functionality of the 0.65 mu m DCC radiance with the 11 mu m brightness temperature threshold and the DCC 0.65 mu m radiance difference observed over the tropical western pacific and the afternoon generated DCC over land. Both of these cases cause a bias on the order of 5%. These improvements are the first steps towards successful use of DCC as an absolute calibration target.
C1 [Doelling, David R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Doelling, DR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM d.r.doelling@larc.nasa.gov
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 5
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8392-8
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7862
AR 78620I
DI 10.1117/12.869577
PG 10
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BTO93
UT WOS:000287661700011
ER
PT S
AU Xiong, XX
Choi, TY
Che, NZ
Wang, ZP
Dodd, J
Xie, Y
Barnes, W
AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
Choi, Taeyoung
Che, Nianzeng
Wang, Zhipeng
Dodd, Jennifer
Xie, Yong
Barnes, William
BE Xiong, X
Kim, C
Shimoda, H
TI Results and Lessons from a Decade of Terra MODIS On-orbit Spectral
Characterization
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization
CY OCT 13-14, 2010
CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA
SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv
DE Terra; MODIS; on-board calibrators; spectral calibration
ID PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; BANDS
AB Since launch in 1999, the NASA EOS Terra MODIS has successfully operated for more than a decade. MODIS acquires data in 36 spectral bands with wavelengths ranging from visible (VIS) to long-wave infrared (LWIR) and at three nadir spatial resolutions: 250m for 2 bands, 500m for 5 bands, and 1km for 29 bands. In addition to its on-board calibrators (OBC), designed for sensor radiometric calibration and characterization, MODIS was built with a unique device called the spectro-radiometric calibration assembly (SRCA), which can be configured into three different modes: radiometric, spatial, and spectral. When it is operated in the spectral mode, the SRCA can monitor changes in sensor spectral performance for the VIS and near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands. For more than 10 years, the SRCA operations have continued to provide valuable information for Terra MODIS on-orbit spectral performance. This paper briefly describes Terra MODIS SRCA on-orbit operations and calibration activities and presents results derived from its decade-long spectral characterization, including changes in the VIS and NIR spectral bands center wavelengths (CW) and bandwidths (BW). It demonstrates that the SRCA on-orbit wavelength calibration capability remains satisfactory. For most spectral bands, the changes in CW and BW are less than 0.5 nm and 1.0 nm, respectively. As expected, results and lessons from Terra MODIS on-orbit spectral characterization have and will continue to benefit the operation and calibration of its successor, Aqua MODIS, and the development of future missions and sensors, which have stringent requirements on sensor spectral performance.
C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012; Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016
OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8392-8
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7862
AR 78620M
DI 10.1117/12.868930
PG 11
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BTO93
UT WOS:000287661700014
ER
PT S
AU Aumann, HH
Strow, LL
AF Aumann, Hartmut H.
Strow, L. Larrabee
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Analysis of AIRS and IASI System Performance under Clear and Cloudy
Conditions
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV
CY AUG 02-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Infrared temperature sounder hyperspectral climate radiometric
calibration
AB The radiometric and spectral system performance of space-borne infrared radiometers is generally specified and analyzed under strictly cloud-free, spatially uniform and warm conditions, with the assumption that the observed performance applies to the full dynamic range under clear and cloudy conditions and that random noise cancels for the evaluation of the radiometric accuracy. Such clear conditions are found in only one percent of the data. Ninety nine percent of the data include clouds, which produce spatially highly non-uniform scenes with 11 mu m window brightness temperatures as low as 200K. We use AIRS and IASI radiance spectra to compare system performance under clear and a wide range of cloudy conditions. Although the two instruments are in polar orbits, with the ascending nodes separated by four hours, daily averages already reveal surprisingly similar measurements. The AIRS and IASI radiometric performance based on the mean of large numbers of observation is comparable and agrees within 200 mK over a wide range of temperatures. There are also some unexpected differences at the 200 -500 mK level, which are of significance for climate applications. The results were verified with data from July 2007 through January 2010, but many can already be gleaned from the analysis of a single day of data.
C1 [Aumann, Hartmut H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8303-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7807
AR 78070K
DI 10.1117/12.859930
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BSU85
UT WOS:000285840600016
ER
PT S
AU Elliott, DA
Aumann, HH
Broberg, SE
AF Elliott, Denis A.
Aumann, H. H.
Broberg, Steven E.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Comparison of AIRS and IASI co-located radiances for cold scenes
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV
CY AUG 02-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Infrared; temperature sounder; hyperspectral; climate; radiometric
calibration
AB Calibration of infrared radiometers at cold scene temperatures is very difficult. But high accuracy even at cold temperatures is critical for establishing a climate-quality data record. This paper describes the comparison of radiances from two sensors-the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) for cold scenes. We compare thirty-two months of IASI and AIRS data for Dome Concordia, which is on a high plateau in Antarctica and thus provides a source of nearly uniform dry scenes with a temperature range from about 190 K to about 250 K. Located on this plateau is a research station, an operational automated weather station that provides ground truth. The AIRS L1B and IASI L1C radiometric calibrations agree for large spatial and temporal averages of data taken over 32 months at Dome Concordia at the 200 mK level, in spite of large differences in the instrument implementations. However, both AIRS L1B and IASI L1C data show scene-temperature-dependent differences as large as 1K, which appear to be calibration artifacts that are only partially understood. In the case of AIRS L1B spectra, some of the effects will be corrected in the forthcoming release of the L1C data. In addition, the IASI quality flag identifies a disproportionate number of spectra in the 240-250 K brightness temperature range as "low quality". Uncorrected calibration artifacts and quality flag related issues are likely to be of significance for climate applications, where 100 mK absolute accuracy is required. Both effects create sampling biases, which cannot be decreased by massive data averaging. The effects are small compared to the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy requirements of AIRS or IASI, but both will need to be accounted for in the radiometric accuracy analysis of future instruments specifically designed for climate research.
C1 [Elliott, Denis A.; Aumann, H. H.; Broberg, Steven E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Elliott, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM denis.a.elliott@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8303-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7807
AR 78070J
DI 10.1117/12.860964
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BSU85
UT WOS:000285840600015
ER
PT S
AU Pagano, TS
McClain, CR
AF Pagano, Thomas S.
McClain, Charles R.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Evolution of Satellite Imagers and Sounders for Low Earth Orbit and
Technology Directions at NASA
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV
CY AUG 02-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Imager; Sounder; Remote Sensing; Hyperspectral
ID AIRS
AB Imagers and Sounders for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) provide fundamental global daily observations of the Earth System for scientists, researchers, and operational weather agencies. The imager provides the nominal 1-2 km spatial resolution images with global coverage in multiple spectral bands for a wide range of uses including ocean color, vegetation indices, aerosol, snow and cloud properties, and sea surface temperature. The sounder provides vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, water vapor cloud properties, and trace gases including ozone, carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide. Performance capabilities of these systems has evolved with the optical and sensing technologies of the decade. Individual detectors were incorporated on some of the first imagers and sounders that evolved to linear array technology in the '80's. Signal-to-noise constraints limited these systems to either broad spectral resolution as in the case of the imager, or low spatial resolution as in the case of the sounder. Today's area 2-dimensional large format array technology enables high spatial and high spectral resolution to be incorporated into a single instrument. This places new constraints on the design of these systems and enables new capabilities for scientists to examine the complex processes governing the Earth System.
C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.] NASA JPL, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), NASA JPL, CALTECH, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM thomas.s.pagano@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8303-4
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7807
AR 78070L
DI 10.1117/12.859047
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BSU85
UT WOS:000285840600017
ER
PT S
AU Priestley, KJ
Loeb, NG
Thomas, SS
Smith, GL
AF Priestley, Kory J.
Loeb, Norman G.
Thomas, Susan S.
Smith, G. Lou
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI CERES FM5 and FM6: continuity of observations to support a multi-decadal
earth radiation budget climate data record
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV
CY AUG 02-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE CERES; NPP; Earth radiation budget
ID INSTRUMENT; CLOUDS
AB The goal of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project is to provide a long-term record of radiation budget at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA), within the atmosphere, and at the surface with consistent cloud and aerosol properties at climate accuracy (Wielicki et al., 1996). CERES consists of an integrated instrument-algorithm-validation science team that provides development of higher-level products (Levels 1-3) and investigations. It involves a high level of data fusion, merging inputs from 25 unique input data sources to produce 18 CERES data products. Over 90% of the CERES data product volume involves two or more instruments.
C1 [Priestley, Kory J.; Loeb, Norman G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Priestley, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8303-4
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7807
AR 78070N
DI 10.1117/12.862387
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BSU85
UT WOS:000285840600019
ER
PT S
AU Waluschka, E
AF Waluschka, Eugene
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Sensitivity of VIIRS polarization measurements
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV
CY AUG 02-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE VIIRS; polarization; ray; trace; polarizers; Bolder Vision; MOXTEK
AB The design of an optical system typically involves a sensitivity analysis where the various lens parameters, such as lens spacing and curvatures, to name two parameters, are (slightly) varied to see what, if any, effect this has on the performance and to establish manufacturing tolerances. A similar analysis was performed for the VIIRS instruments polarization measurements to see how real world departures from perfectly linearly polarized light entering VIIRS effects the polarization measurement. The methodology and a few of the results of this polarization sensitivity analysis are presented and applied to the construction of a single polarizer which will cover the VIIRS VIS/NIR spectral range.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8303-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7807
AR 780704
DI 10.1117/12.861433
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BSU85
UT WOS:000285840600003
ER
PT S
AU Xiong, XX
AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Using Lunar Observations to Assess Terra MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands
Calibration
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV
CY AUG 02-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Terra; MODIS; calibration; blackbody; Moon
ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; MOON; PERFORMANCE
AB MODIS collects data in both the reflected solar and thermal emissive regions using 36 spectral bands. The center wavelengths of these bands cover the3.7 to 14.24 micron region. In addition to using its on-board calibrators (OBC), which include a full aperture solar diffuser (SD) and a blackbody (BB), lunar observations have been scheduled on a regular basis to support both Terra and Aqua MODIS on-orbit calibration and characterization. This paper provides an overview of MODIS lunar observations and their applications for the reflective solar bands (RSB) and thermal emissive bands (TEB) with an emphasis on potential calibration improvements of MODIS band 21 at 3.96 microns. This spectral band has detectors set with low gains to enable fire detection. Methodologies are proposed and examined on the use of lunar observations for the band 21 calibration. Also presented in this paper are preliminary results derived from Terra MODIS lunar observations and remaining challenging issues.
C1 NASA GSFC, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8303-4
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7807
AR 78070I
DI 10.1117/12.859088
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BSU85
UT WOS:000285840600014
ER
PT S
AU Xiong, XX
Madhavan, S
AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
Madhavan, Sriharsha
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Characterization of Terra MODIS Blackbody Uniformity and Stability
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV
CY AUG 02-05, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Terra; MODIS; calibration; blackbody; thermistors; uniformity; stability
ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION
AB MODIS thermal emissive bands (TEB) are calibrated on-orbit via its on-board blackbody (BB) and observations through its space view (SV) port. For Terra MODIS, the BB temperature is nominally controlled at 290K. Periodically, a BB warm-up and cool-down (WUCD) process is scheduled and executed, during which the BB temperatures vary from approximately 272K, the instrument ambient temperature, to 315K. The on-board BB temperatures are monitored, on a scan-by-scan basis, using a set of 12 thermistors uniformly embedded in the BB panel. These thermistors were characterized pre-launch and are traceable to the NIST temperature standards. Using more than 10 years of on-orbit measurements, this paper reports Terra MODIS BB performance in terms of its temperature uniformity and stability. On-orbit characterization is made when the BB is operated under the same or different configurations and conditions. In this study, the variations of BB temperatures from its 12 individual thermistors are analyzed scan-by-scan in order to assess its short-term stability and uniformity. To illustrate the long-term stability over the entire mission, only the granule averaged BB temperatures are used. Results from this study will provide useful information for future missions and sensors, such as NPP VIIRS and LDCM TIRS, in support of their on-board BB design, operation, and performance assessments.
C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA GSFC, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8303-4
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7807
AR 78071E
DI 10.1117/12.860611
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BSU85
UT WOS:000285840600033
ER
PT J
AU Olsen, N
Mandea, M
Sabaka, TJ
Toffner-Clausen, L
AF Olsen, Nils
Mandea, Mioara
Sabaka, Terence J.
Toffner-Clausen, Lars
TI The CHAOS-3 geomagnetic field model and candidates for the 11th
generation IGRF
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article
DE Geomagnetic reference model; IGRF/DGRF; spherical harmonic analysis
ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; SATELLITE DATA; CHAMP
AB As a part of the 11th generation IGRF defined by IAGA, we propose a candidate model for the DGRF 2005, a candidate model for IGRF 2010 and a candidate model for the mean secular variation between 2010 and 2015. These candidate models, the derivation of which is described in the following, are based on the latest model in the CHAOS model series, called "CHAOS-3". This model is derived from more than 10 years of satellite and ground observatory data. Maximum spherical harmonic degree of the static field is n = 60. The core field time changes are expressed by spherical harmonic expansion coefficients up to n = 20, described by order 6 splines (with 6-month knot spacing) spanning the time interval 1997.0-2010.0. The third time derivative of the squared magnetic field intensity is regularized at the core-mantle boundary. No spatial regularization is applied.
C1 [Olsen, Nils; Toffner-Clausen, Lars] DTU Space, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Mandea, Mioara] Univ Paris Diderot, IPG Paris, F-75013 Paris, France.
[Sabaka, Terence J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Olsen, N (reprint author), DTU Space, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
EM nio@space.dtu.dk
RI Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011; Sabaka, Terence/D-5618-2012; MANDEA,
Mioara/E-4892-2012;
OI Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Toffner-Clausen,
Lars/0000-0003-4314-3776
FU Danish Government; NASA; ESA; CNES; DARA; Thomas B. Thriges Foundation;
German Aerospace Center (DLR); Federal Ministry of Education and
Research
FX The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support from the
Danish Government, NASA, ESA, CNES, DARA and the Thomas B. Thriges
Foundation. The support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace
Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research is
gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank the staff of the
geomagnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET for supplying high-quality
observatory data, and Susan MacMillan for providing us with preliminary
observatory hourly mean values for 2009. The work by MM is considered as
IPGP contribution 3071.
NR 11
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 8
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2010
VL 62
IS 10
BP 719
EP 727
DI 10.5047/eps.2010.07.003
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 723AP
UT WOS:000287478500002
ER
PT J
AU Kuang, WJ
Wei, ZG
Holme, R
Tangborn, A
AF Kuang, Weijia
Wei, Zigang
Holme, Richard
Tangborn, Andrew
TI Prediction of geomagnetic field with data assimilation: a candidate
secular variation model for IGRF-11
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article
DE Geodynamo; geomagnetism; data assimilation; secular variation; IGRF
ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; HISTORICAL RECORDS; 4 CENTURIES; GENERATION;
SPECTRUM; CORE
AB Data assimilation has been used in meteorology and oceanography to combine dynamical models and observations to predict changes in state variables. Along similar lines of development, we have created a geomagnetic data assimilation system, MoSST-DAS, which includes a numerical geodynamo model, a suite of geomagnetic and paleomagnetic field models dating back to 5000 BCE, and a data assimilation component using a sequential assimilation algorithm. To reduce systematic errors arising from the geodynamo model, a prediction-correction iterative algorithm is applied for more accurate forecasts. This system and the new algorithm are tested with 7-year geomagnetic forecasts. The results are compared independently with CHAOS and IGRF field models, and they agree very well. Utilizing the geomagnetic field models up to 2009, we provide our prediction of 5-year mean secular variation (SV) for the period 2010-2015 up to degree L = 8. Our prediction is submitted to IGRF-11 as a candidate SV model.
C1 [Kuang, Weijia] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, GSFC, Washington, DC USA.
[Wei, Zigang; Tangborn, Andrew] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD USA.
[Holme, Richard] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England.
RP Kuang, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, GSFC, Washington, DC USA.
EM Weijia.Kuang-1@nasa.gov
RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012
OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425
FU NASA; NSF [EAR-0327875, EAR-0757880]; NERC [NER/O/S/2003/00675]
FX This work is supported by NASA Earth Surface and Interior Program (W.
Kuang and Z. Wei), NSF Collaborative Mathematical Geophysics program
under the grant EAR-0327875 and NSF Mathematical Geosciences program
under the grant EAR-0757880 (W. Kuang and A. Tangborn), NERC grant
NER/O/S/2003/00675 (R. Holme). We thank A. Jackson, C. Finlay, C.
Constable, M. Korte, T. Sabaka and N. Olsen to provide past global
geomagnetic and paleomagnetic field models used in this research. We
also thank NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) division for computing
resources.
NR 34
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 7
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2010
VL 62
IS 10
BP 775
EP 785
DI 10.5047/eps.2010.07.008
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 723AP
UT WOS:000287478500008
ER
PT J
AU Conover, H
Berthiau, G
Botts, M
Goodman, HM
Li, X
Lu, Y
Maskey, M
Regner, K
Zavodsky, B
AF Conover, Helen
Berthiau, Gregoire
Botts, Mike
Goodman, H. Michael
Li, Xiang
Lu, Yue
Maskey, Manil
Regner, Kathryn
Zavodsky, Bradley
TI Using sensor web protocols for environmental data acquisition and
management
SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sensor web; Standards; Geospatial data; Near-real time
AB Standard interfaces for data and information access facilitate data management and usability by minimizing the effort required to acquire, catalog and integrate data from a variety of sources. The authors have prototyped several data management and analysis applications using Sensor Web Enablement Services, a Suite of service protocols being developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium specifically for handling sensor data in near-real time This paper provides a brief overview of some of the service protocols and describes how they are used in various sensor web projects involving near-real-time management of sensor data (C) 2009 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
C1 [Conover, Helen; Berthiau, Gregoire; Botts, Mike; Li, Xiang; Lu, Yue; Maskey, Manil; Regner, Kathryn] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Goodman, H. Michael; Zavodsky, Bradley] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Conover, H (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
FU NASA's Earth Science Technology Office; NOAA; National Science
Foundation (NSF); National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
FX The primary support for this research is the Advanced Information
Systems Technology Program, sponsored by NASA's Earth Science Technology
Office. This work builds Oil previous and concurrent research sponsored
by other NOAA and NASA programs, the National Science Foundation (NSF)
and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
NR 27
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-9541
J9 ECOL INFORM
JI Ecol. Inform.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 1
SI SI
BP 32
EP 41
DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2009.08.009
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 569LC
UT WOS:000275597300006
ER
PT S
AU Bar-Cohen, Y
AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph
BE BarCohen, Y
TI Refreshable Braille displays using EAP actuators
SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS AND DEVICES (EAPAD) 2010
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) 2010
CY MAR 08-11, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers
DE Braille; Refreshable Braille Displays; EAP; Electroactive Polymers;
Biomimetics; Tactile Interfaces
AB Refreshable Braille can help visually impaired persons benefit from the growing advances in computer technology. The development of such displays in a full screen form is a great challenge due to the need to pack many actuators in small area without interferences. In recent years, various displays using actuators such as piezoelectric stacks have become available in commercial form but most of them are limited to one line Braille code. Researchers in the field of electroactive polymers (EAP) investigated methods of using these materials to form full screen displays. This manuscript reviews the state of the art of producing refreshable Braille displays using EAP-based actuators.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM yosi@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 24
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8057-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7642
AR 764206
DI 10.1117/12.844698
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science
SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science
GA BSS22
UT WOS:000285622200003
ER
PT S
AU Sirk, AHC
Sadoway, DR
Sibille, L
AF Sirk, A. H. C.
Sadoway, D. R.
Sibille, L.
BE Doyle, FM
Woods, R
Kelsall, GH
TI Direct Electrolysis of Molten Lunar Regolith for the Production of
Oxygen and Metals on the Moon
SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY IN MINERAL AND METAL PROCESSING 8 (EMMP 8)
SE ECS Transactions
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Symposium on Electrochemistry in Mineral and Metal
Processing (EMMP) Held During the 217th Meeting of the
Electrochemical-Society
CY APR 26-28, 2010
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrolysis & Electrochem Engn Div, Ind Electrochem & Electrochem Engn
AB The feasibility of producing oxygen by direct electrolysis of molten lunar regolith at 1600 degrees C was investigated. Oxygen gas at the anode was generated concomitantly with production of iron and silicon at the cathode from the tightly bound oxide mix. Current efficiencies for oxygen evolution from different melt compositions were determined during the course of electrolysis by on-stream analysis of oxygen gas. Scale-up from thin wire (ca. 0.3 cm(2)) electrodes to plate and disc electrodes (ca. 10 cm(2)) was achieved.
C1 [Sirk, A. H. C.; Sadoway, D. R.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sibille, L.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, ASRC Aerosp Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Sirk, AHC (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 6
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA
SN 1938-5862
BN 978-1-60768-146-5
J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS
PY 2010
VL 28
IS 6
BP 367
EP 373
DI 10.1149/1.3367929
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA BCY20
UT WOS:000311967900032
ER
PT S
AU Crippen, RE
AF Crippen, Robert E.
BE Fleming, C
Marsh, SH
Giles, JRA
TI Global topographical exploration and analysis with the SRTM and ASTER
elevation models
SO ELEVATION MODELS FOR GEOSCIENCE
SE Geological Society Special Publication
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID IMAGE; PATAGONIA
AB One of the most fundamental geophysical measurements of the Earth is that which describes the shape of its land surface. Topographical data are required by virtually all Earth science disciplines engaged in studies at or near the land surface. Topography is also civilization's most heavily used non-atmospheric geophysical measurement. NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) projects have each completed independent near-global digital elevation measurements at comparable resolutions that approach 30 m spatially and 10 m vertically. Exploration of these datasets provides a new perspective of our planet. Fusion of these datasets will produce a more complete global elevation database, and differentiation of these datasets can be used to quantify select geomorphic processes.
C1 CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Crippen, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Robert.E.Crippen@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 3
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 0305-8719
BN 978-1-86239-313-4
J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL
JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ.
PY 2010
VL 345
BP 5
EP 15
DI 10.1144/SP345.2
PG 11
WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA BUB81
UT WOS:000288751000002
ER
PT J
AU English, SA
Arakere, NK
Allen, PA
AF English, Shawn A.
Arakere, Nagaraj K.
Allen, Phillip A.
TI J-T characterized stress fields of surface-cracked metallic liners
bonded to a structural backing - I. Uniaxial tension
SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Constraint effects; Finite element analysis; Ductile fracture;
J-integral; Pressurized components
ID TIP FIELDS; PARAMETER
AB Surface crack-tip stress fields in a tensile loaded metallic liner bonded to a structural backing are developed using a two-parameter J-T characterization and elastic-plastic modified boundary layer (MBL) finite element solutions. The Ramberg-Osgood power law hardening material model with deformation plasticity theory is implemented for the metallic liner. In addition to an elastic plate backed surface crack liner model, elastic-plastic homogeneous surface crack models of various thicknesses were tested. The constraint effects that arise from the elastic backing on the thin metallic liner and the extent to which J-T two parameter solutions characterize the crack-tip fields are explored in detail. The increased elastic constraint imposed by the backing on the liner results in an enhanced range of validity of J-T characterization. The higher accuracy of MBL solutions in predicting the surface crack-tip fields in the bonded model is partially attributed to an increase in crack-tip triaxiality and a consequent increase in the effective liner thickness from a fracture standpoint. After isolating the effects of thickness, the constraint imposed by the continued elastic linearity of the backing significantly enhanced stress field characterization. In fact, J and T along with MBL solutions predicted stresses with remarkable accuracy for loads beyond full yielding. The effects of backing stiffness variation were also investigated and results indicate that the backing to liner modulus ratio does not significantly influence the crack tip constraint. Indeed, the most significant effect of the backing is its ability to impose an elastic constraint on the liner. Results from this study will facilitate the implementation of geometric limits in testing standards for surface cracked tension specimens bonded to a structural backing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [English, Shawn A.; Arakere, Nagaraj K.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
[Allen, Phillip A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Arakere, NK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
EM shawn350@ufl.edu; nagaraj@ufl.edu; phillip.a.allen@nasa.gov
FU NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)
FX The authors express their appreciation for the support provided by the
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Ongoing, unpublished research
at MSFC concerning the deformation limits for surface crack testing laid
the foundation for many of the analytical tools and techniques used in
this study. The authors also thank the NASA Langley Research Center
(LARC) for providing, us with specimen data.
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-7944
J9 ENG FRACT MECH
JI Eng. Fract. Mech.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 77
IS 1
BP 170
EP 181
DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.09.012
PG 12
WC Mechanics
SC Mechanics
GA 556AO
UT WOS:000274559100012
ER
PT S
AU Arthur, JJ
Bailey, RE
Jackson, EB
Barnes, JR
Williams, SP
Kramer, LJ
AF Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III
Bailey, Randall E.
Jackson, E. Bruce
Barnes, James R.
Williams, Steven P.
Kramer, Lynda J.
BE Guell, JJ
Bernier, KL
TI Part-task simulation of synthetic and enhanced vision concepts for lunar
landing
SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2010
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2010
CY APR 06, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Head-worn display; Synthetic Vision; Enhanced Vision; Cockpit; Moon;
Spacecraft; Simulation
AB During Apollo, the constraints placed by the design of the Lunar Module (LM) window for crew visibility and landing trajectory were "a major problem." Lunar landing trajectories were tailored to provide crew visibility using nearly 70 degrees look-down angle from the canted LM windows. Apollo landings were scheduled only at specific times and locations to provide optimal sunlight on the landing site.
The complications of trajectory design and crew visibility are still a problem today. Practical vehicle designs for lunar lander missions using optimal or near-optimal fuel trajectories render the natural vision of the crew from windows inadequate for the approach and landing task. Further, the sun angles for the desirable landing areas in the lunar polar regions create visually powerful, season-long shadow effects. Fortunately, Synthetic and Enhanced Vision (S/EV) technologies, conceived and developed in the aviation domain, may provide solutions to this visibility problem and enable additional benefits for safer, more efficient lunar operations. Piloted simulation evaluations have been conducted to assess the handling qualities of the various lunar landing concepts, including the influence of cockpit displays and the informational data and formats. Evaluation pilots flew various landing scenarios with S/EV displays. For some of the evaluation trials, an eye glasses-mounted, monochrome monocular display, coupled with head tracking, was worn. The head-worn display scene consisted of S/EV fusion concepts.
The results of this experiment showed that a head-worn system did not increase the pilot's workload when compared to using just the head-down displays. As expected, the head-worn system did not provide an increase in performance measures. Some pilots commented that the head-worn system provided greater situational awareness compared to just head-down displays.
C1 [Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III; Bailey, Randall E.; Jackson, E. Bruce; Williams, Steven P.; Kramer, Lynda J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Arthur, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM Trey.Arthur@nasa.gov
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8153-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7689
AR 768904
DI 10.1117/12.852917
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BSM45
UT WOS:000284933500003
ER
PT S
AU Bailey, RE
Kramer, LJ
Williams, SP
AF Bailey, Randall E.
Kramer, Lynda J.
Williams, Steven P.
BE Guell, JJ
Bernier, KL
TI Enhanced Vision for All-Weather Operations under NextGen
SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2010
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2010
CY APR 06, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Synthetic Vision; Enhanced Vision; Enhanced Flight Vision System;
Head-Up Display; Aviation Safety; Flight Deck Systems; All Weather
Operations
ID HEAD-UP DISPLAY; SYNTHETIC VISION; PERFORMANCE; SYMBOLOGY; HUD
AB Recent research in Synthetic/Enhanced Vision technology is analyzed with respect to existing Category II/III performance and certification guidance. The goal is to start the development of performance-based vision systems technology requirements to support future all-weather operations and the NextGen goal of Equivalent Visual Operations. This work shows that existing criteria to operate in Category III weather and visibility are not directly applicable since, unlike today, the primary reference for maneuvering the airplane is based on what the pilot sees visually through the "vision system." New criteria are consequently needed. Several possible criteria are discussed, but more importantly, the factors associated with landing system performance using automatic and manual landings are delineated.
C1 [Bailey, Randall E.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Williams, Steven P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Bailey, RE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM randall.e.bailey@nasa.gov
NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8153-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7689
AR 768903
DI 10.1117/12.852667
PG 18
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BSM45
UT WOS:000284933500002
ER
PT S
AU Kharuk, VI
Ranson, KJ
Dvinskaya, ML
AF Kharuk, V. I.
Ranson, K. J.
Dvinskaya, M. L.
BE Balzter, H
TI Evidence of Evergreen Conifers Invasion into Larch Dominated Forests
During Recent Decades
SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN SIBERIA: EARTH OBSERVATION, FIELD STUDIES AND
MODELLING
SE Advances in Global Change Research
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Larch communities; Climate-induced species migration; Burns; Permafrost
AB Dark needle coniferous (DNC: Siberian pine, spruce, fir) expansion into larch dominated area was investigated along transects, oriented from the west and south borders of the larch dominated communities to its centre. The expected invasion of DNC into larch habitat was quantified as an increase of the proportion of those species both in the overstory and regeneration. Abundance and invasion potential was expressed using the following variables: (1) N-i and n(i) - the proportion of a given species in the overstory and regeneration, respectively, and (2) K-i - "the normalized propagation coefficient" defined as K-i = (n(i) - N-i)/(n(i) + N-i). The results show that Siberian pine and spruce have high K-i values both along the margin and in the centre of zones of absolute larch dominance, where their presence in the overstory is <1%. There is a tendency of K-i to increase for DNC and birch from south to north and from west to east. The age structure of the regeneration showed that it was formed mainly during the last 2-3 decades. Regeneration number con-elates with winter temperature increase, showing winter temperatures importance for regeneration survive. The DNC invasion into larch habitat is wildfire dependant. Fires promote an invasion of DNC due to better ecological conditions on the burns. On the other hand observed climate-induced fire retune interval reduction may complicate DNC invasion into larch habitat, because larch regenerates better after fire than DNC since larger seed-trees amount. The results obtained indicate DNC and birch invasion into the larch habitat and its relation to the climatic changes for the last 3 decades. At the same time larch stand crown closure and larch invasion into tundra observed in the northern forest-tundra ecotone.
C1 [Kharuk, V. I.; Dvinskaya, M. L.] SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
[Ranson, K. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kharuk, VI (reprint author), SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Academgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
EM kharuk@ksc.krasn.ru; jon.ranson@nasa.gov; mary_dvi@ksc.krasn.ru
RI Balzter, Heiko/B-5976-2008
OI Balzter, Heiko/0000-0002-9053-4684
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0919
BN 978-90-481-8640-2
J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES
JI Adv. Glob. Change Res.
PY 2010
VL 40
BP 53
EP 65
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9_4
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA BPI68
UT WOS:000278931700004
ER
PT S
AU Tchebakova, NM
Parfenova, EI
Soja, AJ
AF Tchebakova, N. M.
Parfenova, E. I.
Soja, A. J.
BE Balzter, H
TI Potential Climate-Induced Vegetation Change in Siberia in the
Twenty-First Century
SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN SIBERIA: EARTH OBSERVATION, FIELD STUDIES AND
MODELLING
SE Advances in Global Change Research
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Climate warming; Twenty-first century; Siberia; Vegetation change
AB Siberian climate change investigations had already registered climate warming by the end of the twentieth century, especially over the decade of 1991-2000. Our goal is to model hot spots of potential climate-induced vegetation change across central Siberia for three time periods: from 1960 to 1990, from 1990 to 2020 and from 1990 to 2080.
January and July temperature and annual precipitation anomalies between climatic means before 1960 and for the 1960-1990 period are calculated from the observed data across central Siberia. Anomalies for 2020 and 2080 are derived from two climate change scenarios HADCM3 A1F1 and B1 of the Hadley Centre. Our Siberian bioclimatic model operates using three climate indices (degree-days above 5 degrees C, degree-days below 0 degrees C, annual moisture index) and permafrost active layer depth. These are mapped for 1990,2020 and 2080 and then coupled with our bioclimatic models to predict vegetation distributions and "hot spots" of vegetation change for indicated time slices.
Our analyses demonstrate the far-reaching effects of a changing climate on vegetation cover. Hot spots of potential Siberian vegetation change are predicted for 1990. Observations of vegetation change in Siberia have already been documented in the literature. Vegetation habitats should be significantly perturbed by 2020, and markedly perturbed by 2080. Because of a dryer climate, forest-steppe and steppe ecosystems, rather than forests, are predicted to dominate central Siberian landscapes. Despite the predicted increase in warming, permafrost is not predicted to thaw deep enough to support dark taiga over the Siberian plain, where the larch taiga will continue to be the dominant zonobiome. On the contrary, in the southern mountains in the absence of permafrost, dark taiga is predicted to remain the dominant orobiome.
C1 [Tchebakova, N. M.; Parfenova, E. I.] SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
[Soja, A. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Tchebakova, NM (reprint author), SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, 50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
EM ncheby@ksc.krasn.ru; 02611@rambler.ru; Amber.J.Soja@nasa.gov
RI Balzter, Heiko/B-5976-2008
OI Balzter, Heiko/0000-0002-9053-4684
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0919
BN 978-90-481-8640-2
J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES
JI Adv. Glob. Change Res.
PY 2010
VL 40
BP 67
EP 82
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9_5
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA BPI68
UT WOS:000278931700005
ER
PT S
AU Kharuk, VI
Ranson, KJ
Dvinskaya, ML
AF Kharuk, V. I.
Ranson, K. J.
Dvinskaya, M. L.
BE Balzter, H
TI Wildfire Dynamics in Mid-Siberian Larch Dominated Forests
SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN SIBERIA: EARTH OBSERVATION, FIELD STUDIES AND
MODELLING
SE Advances in Global Change Research
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Wildfires; Fire return interval; Topography; Climate; Larch forests
ID FIRE REGIMES; BOREAL FOREST; NATIONAL-PARK; USA; WILDERNESS; LANDSCAPE;
HISTORY; RUSSIA; ISLAND
AB The long-term wildfire dynamics, including fire return interval (FRI), in the zone of larch dominance and the "larch-mixed taiga" ecotone were examined. A wildfire chronology encompassing the fifteenth through the twentieth centuries was developed by analyzing tree stem fire scars. Average FRI determined from stem fire scar dating was 82 +/- 7 years in the zone of larch dominance. FRI was found to be dependent on site topography. FRI on north-east facing slopes in the zone of larch dominance was 86 +/- 11 years. FRI was significantly less on south-west facing slopes at 61 +/- 8 years and flat terrain at 68 +/- 14 years. For bogs FRI was found to be much longer at 139 +/- 17 years. The FRI decreased from 101 years in the nineteenth century to 65 years in the twentieth century. Connection of this phenomenon with natural and anthropogenic factors was analyzed. The relationship of extreme fire events with summer air temperature deviations at the regional and sub-continental levels was presented. Wildfire impact on permafrost thawing depth was analyzed. The implications of the observed trends on the larch community are discussed.
C1 [Kharuk, V. I.; Dvinskaya, M. L.] SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
[Ranson, K. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kharuk, VI (reprint author), SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, 50 Academgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
EM kharuk@ksc.krasn.ru; jon.ranson@nasa.gov; mary_dvi@ksc.krasn.ru
RI Balzter, Heiko/B-5976-2008
OI Balzter, Heiko/0000-0002-9053-4684
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0919
BN 978-90-481-8640-2
J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES
JI Adv. Glob. Change Res.
PY 2010
VL 40
BP 83
EP 100
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9_6
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA BPI68
UT WOS:000278931700006
ER
PT S
AU Kharuk, VI
Ranson, KJ
Dyinskaya, ML
Im, ST
AF Kharuk, V. I.
Ranson, K. J.
Dyinskaya, M. L.
Im, S. T.
BE Balzter, H
TI Siberian Pine and Larch Response to Climate Warming in the Southern
Siberian Mountain Forest: Tundra Ecotone
SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN SIBERIA: EARTH OBSERVATION, FIELD STUDIES AND
MODELLING
SE Advances in Global Change Research
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Climate trends; Mountain forest-tundra ecotone; Pinus sibirica; Larix
sibirica; Upward plant migration
ID SWEDISH SCANDES; EXPANSION; STANDS; ALASKA; TREE
AB The tree response to climate trends is most likely observable in the forest-tundra ecotone, where temperature limits tree growth. Here we show that trees in the forest-tundra ecotone of the mid of the south Siberian Mountains responded strongly to warmer temperatures during the past two decades. There was a growth increment increase, stand densification, regeneration propagation into the alpine tundra, and transformation of prostrate Siberian pine, larch and fir into arboreal forms. A temperature increase of 1 C allows regeneration to occupy areas similar to 40-100 m higher in elevation, depending on the site. Siberian pine and larch regeneration and arboreal forms now occur at elevations up to 200 m higher in comparison with the known location of the former tree line. These species surpass their upper historical boundary of 10-80 m elevation. Regeneration is propagating into the alpine tundra with the rate of 0.5-2.0 m/year. The observed winter temperature increase is significant for regeneration survival. Measurements of the radial and apical growth increments indicates an acceleration of krummholz transforming into arboreal forms in the mid-1980s. Larch surpasses Siberian pine in cold resistance, and has an arboreal growth form where Siberian pine is in krummholz form. Improving climate provides competitive advantages to Siberian pine in the areas with sufficient precipitation amount. Larch, as a leader in harsh environment resistance, received an advantage at the upper front tree line, and in the areas with low precipitation. Observed tree migration into the alpine stony tundra will decrease albedo, providing a positive feedback to global warming at the regional level.
C1 [Kharuk, V. I.; Dyinskaya, M. L.; Im, S. T.] SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
[Ranson, K. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kharuk, VI (reprint author), SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, 50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
EM kharuk@ksc.krasn.ru; jon.ranson@nasa.gov; mary_dvi@ksc.krasn.ru;
stim@ksc.krasn.ru
RI Balzter, Heiko/B-5976-2008; Im, Sergei/J-2736-2016
OI Balzter, Heiko/0000-0002-9053-4684; Im, Sergei/0000-0002-5794-7938
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0919
BN 978-90-481-8640-2
J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES
JI Adv. Glob. Change Res.
PY 2010
VL 40
BP 115
EP 132
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9_8
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8641-9
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA BPI68
UT WOS:000278931700008
ER
PT J
AU Slaten, S
Fields, KA
Santos, S
Barton, A
Rectanus, HV
Bhargava, M
AF Slaten, Steve
Fields, Keith A.
Santos, Susan
Barton, Andrew
Rectanus, Heather V.
Bhargava, Mohit
TI Integrated Environmental Forensics Approach for Evaluating the Extent of
Dissolved Perchlorate Originating from Multiple Sources
SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE perchlorate; groundwater modeling; isotopic fingerprinting; geochemical
evaluation
ID NATURAL PERCHLORATE; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; GROUNDWATER;
CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; FRACTIONATION;
CONTAMINATION; CHEMISTRY
AB Three environmental forensic methods were used as part of an integrated evaluation to determine the extent of dissolved perchlorate in groundwater originating from a former rocket propellant testing site in Southern California. The methods included the evaluation of groundwater modeling, subsurface environmental conditions, and isotopic fingerprinting. While these methods have been used independently in environmental forensics, this study is the first to document the combined use of the methods to evaluate the extent of dissolved perchlorate in groundwater. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that the perchlorate originating from a former rocket propellant testing site is under hydraulic control and that multiple sources of perchlorate exist within the same hydrogeologic basin.
C1 [Slaten, Steve] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Management Off, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fields, Keith A.; Barton, Andrew; Rectanus, Heather V.; Bhargava, Mohit] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA.
[Santos, Susan] Focus Grp, Medford, MA USA.
RP Slaten, S (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Management Off, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM sslaten@nasa.gov
NR 59
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1527-5922
J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS
JI Environ. Forensics
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 1-2
BP 72
EP 93
AR PII 919980182
DI 10.1080/15275920903530124
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 570QC
UT WOS:000275691900006
ER
PT J
AU Ivanova, GA
Ivanov, VA
Kukavskaya, EA
Soja, AJ
AF Ivanova, G. A.
Ivanov, V. A.
Kukavskaya, E. A.
Soja, A. J.
TI The frequency of forest fires in Scots pine stands of Tuva, Russia
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE dendrochronology; forest fires; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris); Tuva;
Siberia; Russia
ID BOREAL FORESTS; CARBON; HISTORY
AB Forest fires resulting from long periods of drought cause extensive forest ecosystem destruction and can impact on the carbon balance and air quality and feed back to the climate system, regionally and globally. Past fire frequency is reconstructed for Tuvan Scots pine stands using dendrochronology and statistics. Central Tuvan Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) stands are subject to annual fire regimes; however high intensity fires are rare but they are responsible for most of the damage. Low, medium, and high severity fires have shaped the multi-story Scots pine communities, locally and regionally. Fire type and frequency are directly related to weather and climate and are also dependent on anthropogenic influences. The primary dry period, which promotes fire ignition and spread, in Tuva occurs in April and May. In some years, the precipitation deficit combined with high air temperatures induces long periods of drought. Unlike the typical surface fire regime, forest fires that burn during these extreme droughts often become crown fires that result in substantial forest damage and carbon release. The mean fire interval (MFI) is found to be 10.4 years in Balgazyn stands, and the landscape-scale MFI is 22.4 years. High severity, stand-replacing crown fires have a longer MFI. The warmer and dryer weather that is predicted by global climate models is evident in Tuva, and we believe that these changes in weather and climate have resulted in increased fire intensity and severity, rather than fire frequency in the Tuvan region.
C1 [Ivanova, G. A.; Kukavskaya, E. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
[Ivanov, V. A.] Siberian State Technol Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russia.
[Soja, A. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Ivanova, GA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
EM GAIvanova@ksc.krasn.ru
RI Kukavskaya, Elena/I-8155-2014
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Land Cover Land
Use Change (LCLUC) Science Program; Russian Academy of Sciences,
Siberian Branch; Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigation
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research
from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Land
Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) Science Program, the Russian Academy of
Sciences, Siberian Branch, and the Russian Fund of Fundamental
Investigation. We would also like to acknowledge the skillful scientific
translation services provided by Irina Savkina.
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 24
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 1
AR 015002
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015002
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 575VR
UT WOS:000276097900025
ER
PT J
AU Menon, S
Akbari, H
Mahanama, S
Sednev, I
Levinson, R
AF Menon, Surabi
Akbari, Hashem
Mahanama, Sarith
Sednev, Igor
Levinson, Ronnen
TI Radiative forcing and temperature response to changes in urban albedos
and associated CO2 offsets
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE radiative forcing; urban albedo; CO2 offsets
ID LAND-SURFACE; HEAT-ISLAND
AB The two main forcings that can counteract to some extent the positive forcings from greenhouse gases from pre-industrial times to present day are the aerosol and related aerosol-cloud forcings, and the radiative response to changes in surface albedo. Here, we quantify the change in radiative forcing and land surface temperature that may be obtained by increasing the albedos of roofs and pavements in urban areas in temperate and tropical regions of the globe by 0.1. Using the catchment land surface model (the land model coupled to the GEOS-5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model), we quantify the change in the total outgoing ( outgoing shortwave + longwave) radiation and land surface temperature to a 0.1 increase in urban albedos for all global land areas. The global average increase in the total outgoing radiation was 0.5 W m(-2), and temperature decreased by similar to 0.008 K for an average 0.003 increase in surface albedo. These averages represent all global land areas where data were available from the land surface model used and are for the boreal summer (June-July-August). For the continental US the total outgoing radiation increased by 2.3 W m(-2), and land surface temperature decreased by similar to 0.03 K for an average 0.01 increase in surface albedo. Based on these forcings, the expected emitted CO2 offset for a plausible 0.25 and 0.15 increase in albedos of roofs and pavements, respectively, for all global urban areas, was found to be similar to 57 Gt CO2. A more meaningful evaluation of the impacts of urban albedo increases on global climate and the expected CO2 offsets would require simulations which better characterize urban surfaces and represent the full annual cycle.
C1 [Menon, Surabi; Akbari, Hashem; Sednev, Igor; Levinson, Ronnen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Mahanama, Sarith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Menon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
FU California Energy Commission (CEC); Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA GSFC
FX This work was supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC)
through its Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER), and by the
Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No
DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors wish to acknowledge the support and
guidance from staff of the California Energy Commission Project manager,
Guido Franco; and PIER Energy-Related Environmental Research manager,
Linda Spiegel. Commissioner Arthur Rosenfeld of the California Energy
Commission helped with problem formulation and analysis. We especially
acknowledge support from Randy Koster of NASA GSFC, for advice and help
with the simulations performed in this work.
NR 16
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 24
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 1
AR 014005
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014005
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 575VR
UT WOS:000276097900006
ER
PT J
AU Schroeder, R
Rawlins, MA
McDonald, KC
Podest, E
Zimmermann, R
Kueppers, M
AF Schroeder, R.
Rawlins, M. A.
McDonald, K. C.
Podest, E.
Zimmermann, R.
Kueppers, M.
TI Satellite microwave remote sensing of North Eurasian inundation
dynamics: development of coarse-resolution products and comparison with
high-resolution synthetic aperture radar data
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE inundation; dynamics; wetland; extent; Eurasia; microwave; AMSR-E;
QuikSCAT; ALOS PALSAR
ID AMSR-E; LAKES; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; RETRIEVAL; BOREAL; CARBON;
AREA
AB Wetlands are not only primary producers of atmospheric greenhouse gases but also possess unique features that are favourable for application of satellite microwave remote sensing to monitoring their status and trend. In this study we apply combined passive and active microwave remote sensing data sets from the NASA sensors AMSR-E and QuikSCAT to map surface water dynamics over Northern Eurasia. We demonstrate our method on the evolution of large wetland complexes for two consecutive years from January 2006 to December 2007. We apply river discharge measurements from the Ob River along with land surface runoff simulations derived from the Pan-Arctic Water Balance Model during and after snowmelt in 2006 and 2007 to interpret the abundance of widespread flooding along the River Ob in early summer of 2007 observed in the remote sensing products. The coarse-resolution, 25 km, surface water product is compared to a high-resolution, 30 m, inundation map derived from ALOS PALSAR (Advanced Land Observation Satellite phased array L-band synthetic aperture radar) imagery acquired for 11 July 2006, and extending along a transect in the central Western Siberian Plain. We found that the surface water fraction derived from the combined AMSR-E/QuikSCAT data sets closely tracks the inundation mapped using higher-resolution ALOS PALSAR data.
C1 [Schroeder, R.; Rawlins, M. A.; McDonald, K. C.; Podest, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Zimmermann, R.; Kueppers, M.] Univ Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
RP Schroeder, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM ronny.schroeder@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 36
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 19
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 1
AR 015003
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015003
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 575VR
UT WOS:000276097900026
ER
PT S
AU James, M
Springer, P
Zima, H
AF James, Mark
Springer, Paul
Zima, Hans
BE DAmbra, P
Guarracino, M
Talia, D
TI Adaptive Fault Tolerance for Many-Core Based Space-Borne Computing
SO EURO-PAR 2010 - PARALLEL PROCESSING, PART II
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing
CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2010
CL Ischia, ITALY
AB This paper describes an approach to providing software fault tolerance for future deep-space robotic NASA missions, which will require a high degree of autonomy supported by an enhanced on-board computational capability. Such systems have become possible as a result of the emerging many-core technology, which is expected to offer 1024-core chips by 2015. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of this new technology, focusing on introspection-based adaptive fault tolerance that takes into account the specific requirements of applications, guided by a fault model. Introspection supports runtime monitoring of the program execution with the goal of identifying, locating, and analyzing errors. Fault tolerance assertions for the introspection system can be provided by the user, domain-specific knowledge, or via the results of static or dynamic program analysis. This work is part of an on-going project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
C1 [James, Mark; Springer, Paul; Zima, Hans] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP James, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM mjames@jpl.nasa.gov; pls@jpl.nasa.gov; zima@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-642-15290-0
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2010
VL 6272
BP 260
EP 274
PN II
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BRM57
UT WOS:000283106500025
ER
PT J
AU Thomassen, HA
Buermann, W
Mila, B
Graham, CH
Cameron, SE
Schneider, CJ
Pollinger, JP
Saatchi, S
Wayne, RK
Smith, TB
AF Thomassen, Henri A.
Buermann, Wolfgang
Mila, Borja
Graham, Catherine H.
Cameron, Susan E.
Schneider, Christopher J.
Pollinger, John P.
Saatchi, Sassan
Wayne, Robert K.
Smith, Thomas B.
TI Modeling environmentally associated morphological and genetic variation
in a rainforest bird, and its application to conservation prioritization
SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Andes; biodiversity; conservation prioritization; environmental
gradients; evolutionary process; generalized dissimilarity modeling;
landscape genetics; niche modeling
ID BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS;
RAPID DIVERSIFICATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; MODIS DATA; LEAF-AREA;
DIVERSITY; SPECIATION; BIOLOGY
AB To better understand how environment shapes phenotypic and genetic variation, we explore the relationship between environmental variables across Ecuador and genetic and morphological variation in the wedge-billed woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus), a common Neotropical rainforest bird species. Generalized dissimilarity models show that variation in amplified fragment length polymorphism markers was strongly associated with environmental variables on both sides of the Andes, but could also partially be explained by geographic distance on the western side of the Andes. Tarsus, wing, tail, and bill lengths and bill depth were well explained by environmental variables on the western side of the Andes, whereas only tarsus length was well explained on the eastern side. Regions that comprise the highest rates of genetic and phenotypic change occur along steep elevation gradients in the Andes. Such environmental gradients are likely to be particularly important for maximizing adaptive diversity to minimize the impacts of climate change. Using a framework for conservation prioritization based on preserving ecological and evolutionary processes, we found little overlap between currently protected areas in Ecuador and regions we predicted to be important in maximizing adaptive variation.
C1 [Thomassen, Henri A.; Buermann, Wolfgang; Mila, Borja; Pollinger, John P.; Saatchi, Sassan; Wayne, Robert K.; Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Mila, Borja] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
[Graham, Catherine H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, New York, NY USA.
[Cameron, Susan E.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Cameron, Susan E.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Environm, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Schneider, Christopher J.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Pollinger, John P.; Wayne, Robert K.; Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Saatchi, Sassan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Thomassen, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, La Kretz Hall,Suite 300,619 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM hathomassen@ucla.edu
RI Graham, Catherine/A-9560-2011; Cameron Devitt, Susan/E-2659-2013;
OI Mila, Borja/0000-0002-6446-0079
FU NSF [IRCEB9977072]; NASA [IDS/03-0169-0347, NNG05GB37G]
FX For help in the field, the authors thank Juan Fernando Freile, Tatiana
Santander, Jaime Chaves, Gabriela Castaneda, Brandt T. Ryder, Daniela
Gross, Juan Diego Ortiz, Orfa Rodriguez, Maria Fernanda Salazar, Suzanne
Tomassi, John McCormack, Brenda Larison, Luis Carrasco, Marcelo Tobar,
Jordan Karubian, and the Timpe family. For assistance in the laboratory,
the authors thank Navi Timber, and Daniel Greenfield. The authors also
thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that improved this
manuscript. Funding was provided by grants from NSF (IRCEB9977072 to T.
B. S. and R. K. W) and NASA (IDS/03-0169-0347 to T. B. S.; NNG05GB37G to
C. H. G.).
NR 82
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 38
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1752-4571
J9 EVOL APPL
JI Evol. Appl.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 1
BP 1
EP 16
DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00093.x
PG 16
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA 534GP
UT WOS:000272884700001
PM 25567899
ER
PT J
AU Tayon, W
Crooks, R
Domack, M
Wagner, J
Elmustafa, AA
AF Tayon, W.
Crooks, R.
Domack, M.
Wagner, J.
Elmustafa, A. A.
TI EBSD Study of Delamination Fracture in Al-Li Alloy 2090
SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Delamination; Al-Li alloy; EBSD; Kernel average misorientation; KAM;
Taylor factor; Twin-related variants
ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS; SPECIMEN
PREPARATION; DEFORMATION; TOUGHNESS; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE;
DUCTILITY; METALS
AB Aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys offer attractive combinations of high strength and low density for aerospace structural applications. However, a tendency for delamination fracture has limited their use. Identification of the metallurgical mechanisms controlling delamination may suggest processing modifications to minimize the occurrence of this mode of fracture. In the current study of Al-Li alloy 2090 plate, high quality electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) information has been used to evaluate grain boundary types exhibiting delamination fracture and characterize microtexture variations between surrounding grains. Delamination was frequently observed to occur between variants of the brass texture component, along near-I 3 pound, incoherent twin boundaries. EBSD analyses indicated a tendency for intense deformation along one side of the fractured boundary. A through-thickness plot of grain-specific Taylor factors showed that delaminations occurred along boundaries with the greatest difference in Taylor factors. Together, these suggest a lack of slip accommodation across the boundary, which promotes significantly higher deformation in one grain, and stress concentrations that result in delamination fracture.
C1 [Tayon, W.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Appl Res Ctr, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Crooks, R.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Domack, M.; Wagner, J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Tayon, W (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Appl Res Ctr, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
EM wtayo001@odu.edu
FU National Institute of Aerospace (NIA); NASA Langley Research Center
(LaRC), Hampton, Virginia [2603]
FX This research is supported by the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA)
and NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, Virginia (NIA Activity
Number: 2603). The authors are grateful to James Baughman for his
assistance with surface preparation procedures. The authors would also
like to thank Dr. Stephen Hales for his technical review.
NR 26
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0014-4851
J9 EXP MECH
JI Exp. Mech.
PD JAN
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 1
BP 135
EP 143
DI 10.1007/s11340-008-9202-9
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 542FW
UT WOS:000273479400015
ER
PT S
AU Serabyn, E
AF Serabyn, E.
BE Gozdziewski, K
Niedzielski, A
Schneider, J
TI HIGH-CONTRAST CORONAGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
SO EXTRASOLAR PLANETS IN MULTI-BODY SYSTEMS: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS
SE EAS Publications Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Extrasolar Planets in Multi-Body Systems:
Theory and Observations
CY AUG 25-29, 2008
CL Torun Ctr Contemporary Art, Torun, POLAND
SP European Lab Astronomie Pologne France, Polish Minist Sci & Higher Educ, European Sci Fdn, European Network Computat Astrophys, Paris Meudon Observ, Torun Ctr Astron
HO Torun Ctr Contemporary Art
ID PHASE-MASK CORONAGRAPH; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; ADAPTIVE
OPTICS; APODIZATION; LIMITS
AB The direct detection of very faint companions to bright stars requires the development of effective high-contrast detection techniques, and the past decade has seen remarkable conceptual and instrumental progress in this area. New coronagraphic and interferometric techniques are regularly being deployed for on-sky tests and observations, and extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) systems will soon enable the exploitation of novel coronagraphic approaches. This paper provides an overview of coronagraphic high-contrast techniques, as well as a brief summary of the current state of affairs and future possibilities.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Serabyn, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 171-113, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1633-4760
BN 978-2-7598-0532-7
J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS
PY 2010
VL 42
BP 79
EP 90
DI 10.1051/eas/1042005
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BUB45
UT WOS:000288723400005
ER
PT S
AU Traub, WA
Beichman, C
Boden, AF
Boss, AP
Casertano, S
Catanzarite, J
Fischer, D
Ford, EB
Gould, A
Halverson, S
Howard, A
Ida, S
Kasdin, NJ
Laughlin, GP
Levison, HF
Lin, D
Makarov, V
Marr, J
Muterspaugh, M
Raymond, SN
Savransky, D
Shao, M
Sozzetti, A
Zhai, C
AF Traub, W. A.
Beichman, C.
Boden, A. F.
Boss, A. P.
Casertano, S.
Catanzarite, J.
Fischer, D.
Ford, E. B.
Gould, A.
Halverson, S.
Howard, A.
Ida, S.
Kasdin, N. J.
Laughlin, G. P.
Levison, H. F.
Lin, D.
Makarov, V.
Marr, J.
Muterspaugh, M.
Raymond, S. N.
Savransky, D.
Shao, M.
Sozzetti, A.
Zhai, C.
BE Gozdziewski, K
Niedzielski, A
Schneider, J
TI DETECTABILITY OF EARTH-LIKE PLANETS IN MULTI-PLANET SYSTEMS: PRELIMINARY
REPORT
SO EXTRASOLAR PLANETS IN MULTI-BODY SYSTEMS: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS
SE EAS Publications Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Extrasolar Planets in Multi-Body Systems:
Theory and Observations
CY AUG 25-29, 2008
CL Torun Ctr Contemporary Art, Torun, POLAND
SP European Lab Astronomie Pologne France, Polish Minist Sci & Higher Educ, European Sci Fundat, European Network Computat Astrophys, Paris Meudon Observ, Torun Ctr Astron
HO Torun Ctr Contemporary Art
AB We ask if Earth-like planets (terrestrial mass and habitablezone orbit) can be detected in multi-planet systems, using astrometric and radial velocity observations. We report here the preliminary results of double-blind calculations designed to answer this question.
C1 [Traub, W. A.; Catanzarite, J.; Marr, J.; Shao, M.; Zhai, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Traub, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RI Levison, Harold/C-6061-2013; Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014;
OI Levison, Harold/0000-0001-5847-8099; Savransky,
Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X;
Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861
NR 3
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1633-4760
BN 978-2-7598-0532-7
J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS
PY 2010
VL 42
BP 191
EP 199
DI 10.1051/eas/1042022
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BUB45
UT WOS:000288723400022
ER
PT J
AU Nixon, CA
Achterberg, RK
Teanby, NA
Irwin, PGJ
Flaud, JM
Kleiner, I
Dehayem-Kamadjeu, A
Brown, LR
Sams, RL
Bezard, B
Coustenis, A
Ansty, TM
Mamoutkine, A
Vinatier, S
Bjoraker, GL
Jennings, DE
Romani, PN
Flasar, FM
AF Nixon, Conor A.
Achterberg, Richard K.
Teanby, Nicholas A.
Irwin, Patrick G. J.
Flaud, Jean-Marie
Kleiner, Isabelle
Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix
Brown, Linda R.
Sams, Robert L.
Bezard, Bruno
Coustenis, Athena
Ansty, Todd M.
Mamoutkine, Andrei
Vinatier, Sandrine
Bjoraker, Gordon L.
Jennings, Donald E.
Romani, Paul. N.
Flasar, F. Michael
TI Upper limits for undetected trace species in the stratosphere of Titan
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemistry of the Planets
CY JUN 14-16, 2010
CL Brittany, FRANCE
ID COMPOSITE INFRARED SPECTROMETER; CASSINI CIRS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE;
ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; METHYL CYANIDE; MU-M; SPECTRA; HC3N; HCN; INTENSITIES
AB In this paper we describe the first quantitative search for several molecules in Titan's stratosphere in Cassini CIRS infrared spectra. These are: ammonia (NH3), methanol (CH3OH), formaldehyde (H2CO), and acetonitrile (CH3CN), all of which are predicted by photochemical models but only the last of which has been observed, and not in the infrared. We find non-detections in all cases, but derive upper limits on the abundances from low-noise observations at 25 degrees S and 75 degrees N. Comparing these constraints to model predictions, we conclude that CIRS is highly unlikely to see NH3 or CH3OH emissions. However, CH3CN and H2CO are closer to CIRS detectability, and we suggest ways in which the sensitivity threshold may be lowered towards this goal.
C1 [Nixon, Conor A.; Achterberg, Richard K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Nixon, Conor A.; Achterberg, Richard K.; Vinatier, Sandrine; Bjoraker, Gordon L.; Jennings, Donald E.; Romani, Paul. N.; Flasar, F. Michael] NASA, Planetary Syst Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Teanby, Nicholas A.; Irwin, Patrick G. J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Flaud, Jean-Marie; Kleiner, Isabelle; Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix] Univ Paris 07, LISA, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France.
[Flaud, Jean-Marie; Kleiner, Isabelle; Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix] Univ Paris Est, LISA, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France.
[Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix] Univ Nairobi, Dept Phys, Coll Biol & Phys Sci, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Brown, Linda R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Sams, Robert L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Bezard, Bruno; Coustenis, Athena] LESIA, Observ Paris Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France.
[Ansty, Todd M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Space Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Mamoutkine, Andrei] Adnet Syst Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
RP Nixon, CA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM conor.a.nixon@nasa.gov
RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Flasar, F Michael/C-8509-2012; Romani,
Paul/D-2729-2012; Bjoraker, Gordon/D-5032-2012; Jennings,
Donald/D-7978-2012;
OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Teanby, Nicholas/0000-0003-3108-5775;
Irwin, Patrick/0000-0002-6772-384X
NR 59
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 16
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
EI 1364-5498
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2010
VL 147
BP 65
EP 81
DI 10.1039/c003771k
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 685DR
UT WOS:000284608900004
PM 21302543
ER
PT J
AU Coates, AJ
Wellbrock, A
Lewis, GR
Jones, GH
Young, DT
Crary, FJ
Waite, JH
Johnson, RE
Hill, TW
Sittler, EC
AF Coates, Andrew J.
Wellbrock, Anne
Lewis, Gethyn R.
Jones, Geraint H.
Young, David T.
Crary, Frank J.
Waite, J. Hunter
Johnson, Robert E.
Hill, Thomas W.
Sittler, Edward C., Jr.
TI Negative ions at Titan and Enceladus: recent results
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemistry of the Planets
CY JUN 14-16, 2010
CL Brittany, FRANCE
ID SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; PLASMA
AB The detection of heavy negative ions (up to 13 800 amu) in Titan's ionosphere is one of the tantalizing new results from the Cassini mission. These heavy ions indicate for the first time the existence of heavy hydrocarbon and nitrile molecules in this primitive Earth-like atmosphere. These ions were suggested to be precursors of aerosols in Titan's atmosphere and may precipitate to the surface as tholins. We present the evidence for and the analysis of these heavy negative ions at Titan. In addition we examine the variation of the maximum mass of the Titan negative ions with altitude and latitude for the relevant encounters so far, and we discuss the implications for the negative ion formation process. We present data from a recent set of encounters where the latitude was varied between encounters, with other parameters fixed. Models are beginning to explain the low mass negative ions, but the formation process for the higher mass ions is still not understood. It is possible that the structures may be chains, rings or even fullerenes. Negative ions, mainly water clusters in this case, were seen during Cassini's recent close flybys of Enceladus. We present mass spectra from the Enceladus plume, showing water clusters and additional species. As at Titan, the negative ions indicate chemical complexities which were unknown before the Cassini encounters, and are indicative of a complex balance between neutrals and positively and negatively charged ions.
C1 [Coates, Andrew J.; Wellbrock, Anne; Lewis, Gethyn R.; Jones, Geraint H.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Coates, Andrew J.; Wellbrock, Anne; Lewis, Gethyn R.; Jones, Geraint H.] UCL Birkbeck, Ctr Planetary Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
[Young, David T.; Crary, Frank J.; Waite, J. Hunter] SW Res Inst, Div Space Sci & Engn, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA.
[Johnson, Robert E.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Hill, Thomas W.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA.
[Sittler, Edward C., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Coates, AJ (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Jones, Geraint/C-1682-2008;
OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Jones, Geraint/0000-0002-5859-1136
NR 24
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 7
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
EI 1364-5498
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2010
VL 147
BP 293
EP 305
DI 10.1039/c004700g
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 685DR
UT WOS:000284608900015
PM 21302552
ER
PT J
AU Tinetti, G
Griffith, CA
Swain, MR
Deroo, P
Beaulieu, JP
Vasisht, G
Kipping, D
Waldmann, I
Tennyson, J
Barber, RJ
Bouwman, J
Allard, N
Brown, LR
AF Tinetti, Giovanna
Griffith, Caitlin A.
Swain, Mark R.
Deroo, Pieter
Beaulieu, Jean Philippe
Vasisht, Gautam
Kipping, David
Waldmann, Ingo
Tennyson, Jonathan
Barber, Robert J.
Bouwman, Jeroen
Allard, Nicole
Brown, Linda R.
TI Exploring extrasolar worlds: from gas giants to terrestrial habitable
planets
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemistry of the Planets
CY JUN 14-16, 2010
CL Brittany, FRANCE
ID EXOPLANET HD 209458B; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; TRANSMISSION
SPECTRUM; EMISSION-SPECTRUM; THERMAL EMISSION; DAYSIDE SPECTRUM; PRIMARY
TRANSIT; HOT JUPITERS; LINE LIST; MU-M
AB Almost 500 extrasolar planets have been found since the discovery of 51 Peg b by Mayor and Queloz in 1995. The traditional field of planetology has thus expanded its frontiers to include planetary environments not represented in our Solar System. We expect that in the next five years space missions (Corot, Kepler and GAIA) or ground-based detection techniques will both increase exponentially the number of new planets discovered and lower the present limit of a similar to 1.9 Earth-mass object [e.g. Mayor et al., Astron. Astrophys., 2009, 507, 487]. While the search for an Earth-twin orbiting a Sun-twin has been one of the major goals pursued by the exoplanet community in the past years, the possibility of sounding the atmospheric composition and structure of an increasing sample of exoplanets with current telescopes has opened new opportunities, unthinkable just a few years ago. As a result, it is possible now not only to determine the orbital characteristics of the new bodies, but moreover to study the exotic environments that lie tens of parsecs away from us. The analysis of the starlight not intercepted by the thin atmospheric limb of its planetary companion (transit spectroscopy), or of the light emitted/reflected by the exoplanet itself, will guide our understanding of the atmospheres and the surfaces of these extrasolar worlds in the next few years. Preliminary results obtained by interpreting current atmospheric observations of transiting gas giants and Neptunes are presented. While the full characterisation of an Earth-twin might requires a technological leap, our understanding of large terrestrial planets (so called super-Earths) orbiting bright, later-type stars is within reach by current space and ground telescopes.
C1 [Tinetti, Giovanna; Beaulieu, Jean Philippe; Kipping, David; Waldmann, Ingo; Tennyson, Jonathan; Barber, Robert J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1 E6BT, England.
[Griffith, Caitlin A.] Univ Arizona, LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Swain, Mark R.; Deroo, Pieter; Vasisht, Gautam; Brown, Linda R.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Beaulieu, Jean Philippe; Allard, Nicole] Inst Astrophys Paris, Paris, France.
[Kipping, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys CfA, Cambridge, MA 02144 USA.
[Bouwman, Jeroen] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Tinetti, G (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1 E6BT, England.
EM g.tinetti@ucl.ac.uk
RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012;
OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Tinetti,
Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654
NR 44
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 8
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2010
VL 147
BP 369
EP 377
DI 10.1039/c005126h
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 685DR
UT WOS:000284608900020
PM 21302557
ER
PT S
AU Meras, P
Poberezhskiy, IY
Chang, DH
Spiers, GD
AF Meras, Patrick
Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y.
Chang, Daniel H.
Spiers, Gary D.
BE Mendez, A
Du, HH
Wang, A
Udd, E
Mihailov, SJ
TI Frequency Stabilization of a 2.05 mu m Laser Using Hollow-Core Fiber
CO(2) Frequency Reference Cell
SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VII
CY APR 07-08, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Hollow-Core Photonic Chrystal Fiber; Laser Frequency Stabilization;
Lidar; Gas Reference Cell; Tm:Ho:YLF laser
ID PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS
AB We have designed and built a hollow-core fiber frequency reference cell, filled it with CO(2), and used it to demonstrate frequency stabilization of a 2.05 mu m Tm:Ho:YLF laser using frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy technique. The frequency reference cell is housed in a compact and robust hermetic package that contains a several meter long hollow-core photonic crystal fiber optically coupled to index-guiding fibers with a fusion splice on one end and a mechanical splice on the other end. The package has connectorized fiber pigtails and a valve used to evacuate, refill it, or adjust the gas pressure. We have demonstrated laser frequency standard deviation decreasing from >450MHz (free-running) to <2.4MHz (stabilized).
The 2.05 mu m laser wavelength is of particular interest for spectroscopic instruments due to the presence of many CO(2) and H(2)0 absorption lines in its vicinity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported demonstration of laser frequency stabilization at this wavelength using a hollow-core fiber reference cell. This approach enables all-fiber implementation of the optical portion of laser frequency stabilization system, thus making it dramatically more lightweight, compact, and robust than the traditional free-space version that utilizes glass or metal gas cells. It can also provide much longer interaction length of light with gas and does not require any alignment. The demonstrated frequency reference cell is particularly attractive for use in aircraft and space coherent lidar instruments for measuring atmospheric CO(2) profile.
C1 [Meras, Patrick; Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y.; Chang, Daniel H.; Spiers, Gary D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Meras, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Patrick.Meras@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8141-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7677
AR 767713
DI 10.1117/12.852665
PG 9
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BSS30
UT WOS:000285624300033
ER
PT S
AU Smith, RN
Chao, Y
Jones, BH
Caron, DA
Li, PP
Sukhatme, GS
AF Smith, Ryan N.
Chao, Yi
Jones, Burton H.
Caron, David A.
Li, Peggy P.
Sukhatme, Gaurav S.
BE Howard, A
Iagnemma, K
Kelly, A
TI Trajectory Design for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Based on Ocean
Model Predictions for Feature Tracking
SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS
SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics
CY JUL 14-16, 2009
CL MIT, Cambridge, MA
SP US Army Res Off, iRobot Corp, US Army TARDEC, US Army ERDC
HO MIT
ID SYSTEM
AB Trajectory design for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is of great importance to the oceanographic research community. Intelligent planning is required to maneuver a vehicle to high-valued locations for data collection. We consider the use of ocean model predictions to determine the locations to be visited by an AUV, which then provides near-real time, in situ measurements back to the model to increase the skill of future predictions. The motion planning problem of steering the vehicle between the computed waypoints is not considered here. Our focus is on the algorithm to determine relevant points of interest for a chosen oceanographic feature. This represents a first approach to an end to end autonomous prediction and tasking system for aquatic, mobile sensor networks. We design a sampling plan and present experimental results with AUV retasking in the Southern California Bight (SCB) off the coast of Los Angeles.
C1 [Smith, Ryan N.; Sukhatme, Gaurav S.] Univ Southern Calif, Robot Embedded Syst Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Chao, Yi; Li, Peggy P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Jones, Burton H.; Caron, David A.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
RP Smith, RN (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Robot Embedded Syst Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM ryannsmi@usc.edu; yi.chao@jpl.nasa.gov; p.p.li@jpl.nasa.gov;
gaurav@usc.edu
FU NOAA [NA05NOS4781228]; NSF,Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS)
[CCR-0120778]; NSF [CNS-0520305, CNS-0540420]; ONR MURI
[N00014-08-1-0693]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California
Institute of Technology, under National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA)
FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA MERHAB program under grant
NA05NOS4781228, by NSF as part of the Center for Embedded Networked
Sensing (CENS) under grant CCR-0120778, by NSF grants CNS-0520305 and
CNS-0540420, by the ONR MURI program under grant N00014-08-1-0693, and a
gift from the Okawa Foundation. The ROMS ocean modeling research
described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract
with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1610-7438
BN 978-3-642-13407-4
J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO
PY 2010
VL 62
BP 263
EP +
PG 3
WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics
GA BUR74
UT WOS:000290175900024
ER
PT S
AU Vona, M
Mittman, D
Norris, JS
Rus, D
AF Vona, Marsette
Mittman, David
Norris, Jeffrey S.
Rus, Daniela
BE Howard, A
Iagnemma, K
Kelly, A
TI Using Virtual Articulations to Operate High-DoF Inspection and
Manipulation Motions
SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS
SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics
CY JUL 14-16, 2009
CL MIT, Cambridge, MA
SP US Army Res Off, iRobot Corp, US Army TARDEC, US Army ERDC
HO MIT
AB We have developed a new operator interface system for high-DoF articulated robots based on the idea of allowing the operator to extend the robot's actual kinematics with virtual articulations. These virtual links and joints can model both primary task DoF and constraints on whole-robot coordinated motion. Unlike other methods, our approach can be applied to robots and tasks of arbitrary kinematic topology, and allows specifying motion with a scalable level of detail. We present hardware results where NASA/JPL's All-Terrain Hex-Legged Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE) executes previously challenging inspection and manipulation motions involving coordinated motion of all 36 of the robot's joints.
C1 [Vona, Marsette; Rus, Daniela] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Mittman, David; Norris, Jeffrey S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Vona, M (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
FU Director's Research and Development Fund; NSF EFRI
FX ATHLETE VRML model provided by RSVP team, NASA/JPL/ Caltech. Work with
ATHLETE hardware was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA and
funded through the Directors Research and Development Fund. Additional
funding came from the NSF EFRI program.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1610-7438
BN 978-3-642-13407-4
J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO
PY 2010
VL 62
BP 355
EP +
PG 2
WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics
GA BUR74
UT WOS:000290175900032
ER
PT S
AU Mather, JC
AF Mather, John C.
BE Whalen, D
Bromm, V
Yoshida, N
TI The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the
Next Decade
CY MAR 08-11, 2010
CL Austin, TX
SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr
DE Space telescopes; infrared; James Webb; JWST; cosmology; galaxies; stars
AB The James Webb Space Telescope, planned to extend the scientific discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope, will be a powerful observational tool for the investigation of the first stars and galaxies. With a 6.5-m hexagonal mirror cooled to similar to 40 K, and an instrument package covering 0.6 to 28 mu m with imaging, spectroscopy with R up to similar to 3000, and coronography, it will be capable of observing predicted primeval objects down to flux levels of a few nJy (10 sigma) at 2 mu m. Operated like the Hubble telescope from the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, it will be available for general observers by proposals, to be solicited a year before launch. It has a required lifetime of 5 years and fuel for 10.
C1 NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Mather, JC (reprint author), NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 4
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0849-4
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1294
BP 1
EP 8
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTZ41
UT WOS:000288517300001
ER
PT S
AU Dwek, E
Cherchneff, I
AF Dwek, Eli
Cherchneff, Isabelle
BE Whalen, D
Bromm, V
Yoshida, N
TI The Origin of Dust in High-Redshift Quasars: The Case of J1148+5251
SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the
Next Decade
CY MAR 08-11, 2010
CL Austin, TX
SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr
DE Early universe; galaxy formation; dust formation/evolution; quasars;
starburst galaxies
ID EARLY UNIVERSE; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6 QUASARS; INTERSTELLAR DUST; GALAXY;
EVOLUTION; STARS; GAS
AB Two distinct scenarios have been proposed to explain the origin of dust observed in the high-redshift (z = 6.4) quasar J1148+5251. The first scenario suggests that because of the relatively young age of the universe (similar to 890 Myr), only massive stars could have produced the large amount of dust observed in this object. The second scenario assumes a significantly older galactic age, so that most of the dust could have formed in lower-mass AGB stars that would have sufficient time to evolve off the main sequence. In this contribution we offer a critical analysis of both scenarios, and briefly discuss alternative suggestions for the origin of dust in this object.
C1 [Dwek, Eli] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cherchneff, Isabelle] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
RP Dwek, E (reprint author), NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM eli.dwek@nasa.gov; isabelle.cherchneff@unibas.ch
RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0849-4
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2010
VL 1294
BP 142
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BTZ41
UT WOS:000288517300024
ER
PT J
AU Keller, AA
Simon, V
Chan, F
Wakefield, WW
Clarke, ME
Barth, JA
Kamikawa, D
Fruh, EL
AF Keller, Aimee A.
Simon, Victor
Chan, Francis
Wakefield, W. W.
Clarke, M. E.
Barth, John A.
Kamikawa, Dan
Fruh, Erica L.
TI Demersal fish and invertebrate biomass in relation to an offshore
hypoxic zone along the US West Coast
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE benthic invertebrates; bottom dissolved oxygen; coastal Oregon;
condition factors; demersal fish biomass; hypoxia; net mounted sensors;
Northeast Pacific; species diversity
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; DOVER SOLE; ECOSYSTEM; SHRIMP; WATER;
CONSEQUENCES
AB In August 2007, as part of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey, we examined the biomass of demersal organisms in a known hypoxic area off the Oregon coast. Although observed each summer, the intensity of hypoxia has varied annually (2002-2007) with the greatest temporal and spatial extent noted in 2006. In 2007 we identified the geographic extent of the hypoxic zone and sampled 17 stations along two depth contours (50 and 70 m) within the area. A Sea-Bird SBE 19plus equipped with a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor was attached to the bottom trawl to monitor oxygen concentration during each tow. Bottom DO concentrations at all stations were hypoxic with means along the tow tracts ranging from 0.43 to 1.27 mL L-1. Total catch per unit effort (ln CPUE, kg hectare-1) and species diversity (number of species, N) were significantly and positively related to oxygen concentration along the hypoxic gradient. In addition, CPUE (natural log-transformed) for eight fish species and five benthic invertebrate species were significantly and positively related to bottom oxygen concentration within the hypoxic region. Condition factors for five fish species, as well as Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) increased with increased bottom oxygen levels along the hypoxic gradient. Historical catch (2003-2006) within the hypoxic zone indicates that biomass was significantly lower in 2006, the year with the lowest bottom DO levels, relative to other years.
C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Simon, Victor; Clarke, M. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Chan, Francis] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Wakefield, W. W.; Kamikawa, Dan; Fruh, Erica L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Barth, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Keller, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM aimee.keller@noaa.gov
FU federal Scientific Research Permit [SRP-02-2008]; Oregon Department of
Fish and Wildlife [OR2008-13311]
FX The authors are indebted to Captain Mike Retherford, Sr and the crew of
the chartered F/V Excalibur for providing at-sea support. John Wallace
and Dr Ian Stewart assisted with experimental design. We especially
thank Curt Whitmire for preparing GIS charts as needed throughout the
study and Beth Horness for data management. This research has been
conducted in conjunction with federal Scientific Research Permit no.
SRP-02-2008, and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit no.
OR2008-13311.
NR 47
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Z9 29
U1 2
U2 35
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 1
BP 76
EP 87
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00529.x
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 530ES
UT WOS:000272572400005
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, WT
Morgan, CA
Fisher, JP
Casillas, E
AF Peterson, William T.
Morgan, Cheryl A.
Fisher, Joseph P.
Casillas, Edmundo
TI Ocean distribution and habitat associations of yearling coho
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (O-tshawytscha) salmon in the
northern California Current
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Chinook salmon; coho salmon; northern California Current; patchiness;
pelagic habitat
ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; JUVENILE SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON;
COASTAL OCEAN; OREGON COAST; RIVER PLUME; WASHINGTON; SUMMER; GROWTH
AB Yearling juvenile coho and Chinook salmon were sampled on 28 cruises in June and September 1981-85 and 1998-07 in continental shelf and oceanic waters off the Pacific Northwest. Oceanographic variables measured included temperature, salinity, water depth, and chlorophyll concentration (all cruises) and copepod biomass during the cruises from 1998-07. Juvenile salmonids were found almost exclusively in continental shelf waters, and showed a patchy distribution: half were collected in similar to 5% of the collections and none were collected in similar to 40% of the collections. Variance-to-mean ratios of the catches were high, also indicating patchy spatial distributions for both species. The salmon were most abundant in the vicinity of the Columbia River and the Washington coast in June; by September, both were less abundant, although still found mainly off Washington. In June, the geographic center-of-mass of the distribution for each species was located off Grays Harbor, WA, near the northern end of our sampling grid, but in September, it shifted southward and inshore. Coho salmon ranged further offshore than Chinook salmon: in June, the average median depth where they were caught was 85.6 and 55.0 m, respectively, and in September it was 65.5 and 43.7 m, respectively. Abundances of both species were significantly correlated with water depth (negatively), chlorophyll (positively) and copepod biomass (positively). Abundances of yearling Chinook salmon, but not of yearling coho salmon, were correlated with temperature (negatively). We discuss the potential role of coastal upwelling, submarine canyons and krill in determining the spatial distributions of the salmon.
C1 [Peterson, William T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97370 USA.
[Morgan, Cheryl A.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97370 USA.
[Fisher, Joseph P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Peterson, WT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97370 USA.
EM bill.peterson@noaa.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration
FX This research was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration and
we are grateful for their continued support of our work. We are
particularly thankful to the skippers and crew members of chartered
fishing vessels (Fishing Vessels Sea Eagle, Frosti, Ocean Harvester,
Pacific Fury, Piky, Predator, and Snowdrift) and the Canadian research
ship, R/V Ricker. Many thanks to all of those volunteers who helped out
on our cruises, including Brian Beckman, Paul Bentley, Ric Brodeur,
Elizabeth Daly, Alex DeRobertis, Troy Guy, Jesse Lamb, Bill Pearcy, Todd
Sandell, Robert Schabetsberger, Laurie Weitkamp, Jen Zamon, and many
others. Special thanks to Cindy Bucher and Robert Emmett and to Susan
Hinton, cruise mom. Discussions with Barbara Hickey as part of WTPs
involvement with the NSF/Coastal Ocean Processes/RISE program (Riverine
Influences on Shelf Ecosystems - OCE0239107) helped clarify thoughts on
the role that canyons might play with regards to krill and salmon
ecology. We would also like to thank Bob Emmett, Hongsheng Bi, Brian
Beckman, and Bill Pearcy for their comments on the manuscript.
NR 53
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 6
BP 508
EP 525
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00560.x
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 665ZA
UT WOS:000283075500007
ER
PT B
AU Mackey, JR
Myers, JG
Davis, BL
Spiegelberg, SH
Nguyen, HD
AF Mackey, Jeffrey R.
Myers, Jerry G.
Davis, Brian L.
Spiegelberg, Stephen H.
Nguyen, Hung D.
BE Overhaussen, PE
TI Development of Three-Dimensional Stress Tensor Measurement
Instrumentation for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment at the Foot/Ground
Interface
SO FOOT ULCERS: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
SE Endocrinology Research and Clinical Developments
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE diabetic; ulcer; gait; sensor; birefringence; stress
ID SHEAR FORCES; PRESSURE
AB Foot ulceration is a potential diabetic complication that has been estimated to account for over $1 billion worth of medical expenses per year in the United States alone. This multifaceted problem involves the response of plantar soft tissue to both external forces applied to the epidermis and internal changes such as vascular supply and neuropathy. The combination of elevated external forces (pressure and shear) and altered tissue properties is key to the etiology of foot ulcers. Current generation force measurement systems do not elucidate the interplay or contribute to the further understanding between the contribution of shear and pressure to the formation of diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, it is imperative that Instrumentation enabling the simultaneous measurement of the three-dimensional contributions of shear and pressure be developed in order to enable clinicians to measure all stress components (i.e. 3-D stress tensor) on the plantar surface of the foot and identify areas of concern. Experimental results have demonstrated that an optical approach can provide clear indication of both shear and pressure from 50kPa to 400kPa with frequency response of 100Hz and a stress measurement accuracy of 100Pa and spatial resolution of 8.0mm Initial evaluation of the system shows strong correlation between (i) applied shear and normal stress loads and (ii) the optical phase retardance computed for each stress axis of the polymer-based stress-sensing elements. These special sensing elements are designed to minimize the need for repeated calibration procedures, an issue that has plagued other attempts to develop multi-sensor shear and pressure systems.
C1 [Mackey, Jeffrey R.] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Myers, Jerry G.; Nguyen, Hung D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Davis, Brian L.] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.
[Spiegelberg, Stephen H.] Cambridge Polymer Grp Inc, Boston, MA 02129 USA.
RP Mackey, JR (reprint author), ASRC Aerosp Corp, 21000 Brookpk Rd,Mailstop ASRC, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM Jeffrey.R.Mackey@nasa.gov
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC
PI HAUPPAUGE
PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA
BN 978-1-60741-799-6
J9 ENDOCR RES CLIN DEV
PY 2010
BP 129
EP 178
PG 50
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA BPE17
UT WOS:000278668400004
ER
PT S
AU Birnbaum, KM
Sahasrabudhe, A
Farr, WH
AF Birnbaum, Kevin M.
Sahasrabudhe, Adit
Farr, William H.
BE Hemmati, H
TI Separating and Tracking Multiple Beacon Sources for Deep Space Optical
Communications
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE beacon tracking; orthogonal codes
ID ORTHOGONAL CODES
AB We propose a solution for pointing and tracking an optical terminal using one or more beacons and a slowly varying background image. The primary application is a deep space optical communication terminal, where multiple source tracking provides robustness against beacon outage. Our solution uses optical orthogonal codes modulated on each beacon to separate the signal from each source for centroiding. This technique allows calculation of the transmit pointing vector from each beacon location as well as from the background image. The latter can be used to track during beacon outages. We present a simple algorithm for performing this separation, and apply it to experimental data from a photon-counting detector illuminated by two beacons and one constant source. Our results show that the photon flux from each source can be accurately estimated even in the low signal, high background regime. We estimate the variance of the signal estimator due to Poisson fluctuations and infer the effect on a centroid estimator for tracking.
C1 [Birnbaum, Kevin M.; Sahasrabudhe, Adit; Farr, William H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Birnbaum, KM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870Q
DI 10.1117/12.843268
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700022
ER
PT S
AU Birnbaum, KM
Chen, YJ
Hemmati, H
AF Birnbaum, Kevin M.
Chen, Yijiang
Hemmati, Hamid
BE Hemmati, H
TI Precision optical ranging by paired one-way time of flight
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE laser ranging
ID GENERAL-RELATIVITY; LASER; OPERATION
AB Precision ranging between planetary bodies would provide valuable scientific information, including tests of fundamental physics. Current ranging techniques based on retroreflectors, however, are limited to the Earth-Moon distance due to an inverse fourth power scaling. We present methods for interplanetary distances based on paired one-way ranging, which scales with a more favorable inverse square power. Corrections for clock offset, frequency error, and the Doppler effect are shown. We present the results of tabletop experiments demonstrating sub-millimeter ranging accuracy.
C1 [Birnbaum, Kevin M.; Chen, Yijiang; Hemmati, Hamid] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Birnbaum, KM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870A
DI 10.1117/12.843315
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700008
ER
PT S
AU Biswas, A
Kovalik, J
Wright, M
Regehr, M
AF Biswas, Abhijit
Kovalik, Joseph
Wright, Malcolm
Regehr, Martin
BE Hemmati, H
TI Low complexity transceivers and autonomous concept of operations for
optical planetary access links
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE planetary optical access; low-complexity transceivers; free-space laser
communication
ID MARS EXPLORATION
AB Optical access links can be used for relaying data from the surface of Mars to spacecraft orbiting Mars. In this paper considerations related to the concept of operations, link analysis and low-complexity transceiver design required for future implementation are discussed, along with the description of some prototype transceiver development that has been completed.
C1 [Biswas, Abhijit; Kovalik, Joseph; Wright, Malcolm; Regehr, Martin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Biswas, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM abiswas@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870H
DI 10.1117/12.846643
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700015
ER
PT S
AU Biswas, A
Kovalik, J
Regehr, MW
Wright, M
AF Biswas, Abhijit
Kovalik, Joseph
Regehr, Martin W.
Wright, Malcolm
BE Hemmati, H
TI Emulating an Optical Planetary Access Link with an Aircraft
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Ground-to-aircraft; streaming video; free-space laser communication
AB Video imagery was streamed from the ground to an aircraft using a free-space laser communication link. The link operated at 270 Mb/s over slant ranges of 5-9 km in day and night time background conditions. The experiment was designed to demonstrate autonomous link acquisition and served as a first proof-of-concept for a planetary access link between a surface asset and an orbiter at Mars. System parameters monitored during the link demonstration including acquisition and tracking and communication performance are discussed.
C1 [Biswas, Abhijit; Kovalik, Joseph; Regehr, Martin W.; Wright, Malcolm] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Biswas, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM abiswas@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870B
DI 10.1117/12.845225
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700009
ER
PT S
AU Erkmen, BI
Moision, BE
Birnbaum, KM
AF Erkmen, Baris I.
Moision, Bruce E.
Birnbaum, Kevin M.
BE Hemmati, H
TI A review of the information capacity of single-mode free-space optical
communication
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE optical communication; classical capacity; quantum limit; quantum
information theory
ID 2-PHOTON COHERENT STATES; CLASSICAL INFORMATION; CHANNEL CAPACITY;
QUANTUM CHANNEL; NOISE; SYSTEMS
AB We provide a summary of the classical information capacity of single-mode free-space optical communication for pure-loss channels. We compare the capacities afforded by structured transmitters and receivers to that of the ultimate communication capacity dictated by the quantum nature of light, and we draw the following conclusions. The ultimate capacity can be achieved with classical coherent states (i.e., ideal laser light), but the capacity-achieving receiver (measurement) is yet to be determined. In photon-starved pure-loss channels, binary phase modulation in combination with the optimal receiver is near-capacity achieving, and more importantly, it is superior to on-off keying with either the optimal receiver (as yet to be determined) or with a photon-counter. Heterodyne detection approaches the ultimate capacity at high mean photon numbers.
C1 [Erkmen, Baris I.; Moision, Bruce E.; Birnbaum, Kevin M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Erkmen, BI (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM baris.i.erkmen@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 33
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870N
DI 10.1117/12.843542
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700019
ER
PT S
AU Kovalik, J
Biswas, A
Wilson, K
Wright, M
Roberts, WT
AF Kovalik, J.
Biswas, A.
Wilson, K.
Wright, M.
Roberts, W. T.
BE Hemmati, H
TI Data Products for the OCTL to OICETS Optical Link Experiment
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE OICETS; optical communications; data products
AB JPL has developed a series of software and hardware tools to analyze and record data from a 50Mb/s down and 2 Mb/s up bi-directional optical link with the LUCE terminal onboard the LEO OICETS satellite. This paper presents the data products for this experiment including the system architecture and analysis of the actual data received.
C1 [Kovalik, J.; Biswas, A.; Wilson, K.; Wright, M.; Roberts, W. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kovalik, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Joseph.M.Kovalik@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870C
DI 10.1117/12.845623
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700010
ER
PT S
AU Roberts, WT
AF Roberts, W. Thomas
BE Hemmati, H
TI Stray light modeling and performance of the 15 cm deep space optical
communications transceiver (DSOCT)
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical communications; stray-light modeling; stray-light measurements;
deep-space optical communications
AB The Deep Space Optical Communications Transceiver (DSOCT) was developed as a small demonstrator testbed for evaluating optical components and systems for a deep space optical communications system. The need for a low-scatter optical system derives from the requirement for the transceiver to operate to within 2 degree solar elongation angles. An experiment in which the terminal was set up on Earth and pointed near the Sun demonstrated the terminal's ability to achieve Earth-background limited operation somewhere between 2 and 5 degrees of the edge of the solar disk, depending on the Earth-radiance background assumed as the lower bound for background light and the sky radiance conditions during the experiment. Stray light analysis matches the measured scatter to within a factor of 3, and identifies the system's secondary mirror as the main source of concern.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Roberts, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870V
DI 10.1117/12.840784
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700027
ER
PT S
AU Roberts, WT
Wright, MW
Kovalik, J
Garkanian, V
Wilson, KE
AF Roberts, W. Thomas
Wright, Malcolm W.
Kovalik, Joseph
Garkanian, Vachik
Wilson, Keith E.
BE Hemmati, H
TI OCTL to OICETS optical link experiment (OTOOLE) electrooptical systems
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical communications; laser communications; OICETS; OCTL; space-based
laser communications; optical communications systems; beam transmission
systems
AB The OCTL to OICETS Optical Link Experiment (OTOOLE) project demonstrated bi-directional optical communications between the JAXA Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite (OICETS) spacecraft and the NASA Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) ground station. This paper provides a detailed description of the experiment design for the uplink optical channel, in which 4 beacon lasers and 3 modulated communication lasers were combined and projected through the F/76 OCTL main telescope. The paper also describes the reimaging optical design employed on the acquisition telescope for receiving the OICETS-transmitted signal and the design of the receiver channel. Performance tests and alignment techniques of both systems are described.
C1 [Roberts, W. Thomas; Wright, Malcolm W.; Kovalik, Joseph; Garkanian, Vachik; Wilson, Keith E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Roberts, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870Y
DI 10.1117/12.855137
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700030
ER
PT S
AU Soibel, A
Wright, M
Farr, W
Keo, S
Hill, C
Yang, RQ
Liu, HC
AF Soibel, A.
Wright, M.
Farr, W.
Keo, S.
Hill, C.
Yang, R. Q.
Liu, H. C.
BE Hemmati, H
TI Free space optical communication utilizing mid-infrared interband
cascade laser
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE semiconductor lasers; infrared sources; optical communication
ID INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; QUANTUM-WELLS
AB A Free Space Optical (FSO) link utilizing mid-IR Interband Cascade lasers has been demonstrated in the 3-5 mu m atmospheric transmission window with data rates up to 70 Mb/s and bit-error-rate (BER) less than 10(-8). The performance of the mid-IR FSO link has been compared with the performance of a near-IR link under various fog conditions using an indoor communication testbed. These experiments demonstrated the lower attenuation and scintillation advantages of a mid-IR FSO link through fog than a 1550 nm FSO link.
C1 [Soibel, A.; Wright, M.; Farr, W.; Keo, S.; Hill, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Soibel, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Alexander.Soibel@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 75870S
DI 10.1117/12.845788
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700024
ER
PT S
AU Wilson, KE
Kovalik, J
Biswas, A
Wright, M
Roberts, WT
Takayama, Y
Yamakawa, S
AF Wilson, Keith E.
Kovalik, Joseph
Biswas, Abhijit
Wright, Malcolm
Roberts, William T.
Takayama, Yoshihisa
Yamakawa, Shiro
BE Hemmati, H
TI Preliminary results of the OCTL to OICETS optical link experiment
(OTOOLE)
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII
SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII
CY JAN 26-28, 2010
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Lasercom; Table Mountain; OICETS; OCTL; optical communications
AB JPL in collaboration with JAXA and NICT demonstrated a 50Mb/s downlink and 2Mb/s uplink bi-directional link with the LEO OICETS satellite. The experiments were conducted in May and June over a variety of atmospheric conditions. Bit error rates of 10(-1) to less than 10(-6) were measured on the downlink. This paper describes the preparations, precursor experiments, and operations for the link. It also presents the analyzed downlink data results.
C1 [Wilson, Keith E.; Kovalik, Joseph; Biswas, Abhijit; Wright, Malcolm; Roberts, William T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
RP Wilson, KE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
EM kwilson@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7983-9
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2010
VL 7587
AR 758703
DI 10.1117/12.845063
PG 13
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BSN22
UT WOS:000284997700002
ER
PT S
AU Regehr, MW
Biswas, A
Kovalik, JM
Wright, MW
AF Regehr, Martin W.
Biswas, Abhijit
Kovalik, Joseph M.
Wright, Malcolm W.
BE Majumdar, AK
Davis, CC
TI Pointing Performance of an Aircraft-to-Ground Optical Communications
Link
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS X
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications X
CY AUG 02-03, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical communications; air-to-ground communications; precision pointing
AB We present results of the acquisition and pointing system from successful aircraft-to-ground optical communication demonstrations performed at JPL and nearby at the Table Mountain Facility. Pointing acquisition was accomplished by first using a GPS/INS system to point the aircraft transceiver's beam at the ground station which was equipped with a wide-field camera for acquisition, then locking the ground station pointing to the aircraft's beam. Finally, the aircraft transceiver pointing was locked to the return beam from the ground. Before we began the design and construction of the pointing control system we obtained flight data of typical pointing disturbances on the target aircraft. We then used these data in simulations of the acquisition process and of closed-loop operation. These simulations were used to make design decisions. Excellent pointing performance was achieved in spite of the large disturbances on the aircraft by using a direct-drive brushless DC motor gimbal which provided both passive disturbance isolation and high pointing control loop bandwidth.
C1 [Regehr, Martin W.; Biswas, Abhijit; Kovalik, Joseph M.; Wright, Malcolm W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Regehr, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-310-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2010
VL 7814
AR 781403
DI 10.1117/12.858632
PG 10
WC Optics; Telecommunications
SC Optics; Telecommunications
GA BSU50
UT WOS:000285828200003
ER
PT B
AU Walker, LM
Johnson, KE
Gallagher, SC
Hibbard, JE
Hornschemeier, AE
Charlton, JC
Jarrett, TH
AF Walker, Lisa May
Johnson, Kelsey E.
Gallagher, Sarah C.
Hibbard, John E.
Hornschemeier, Ann E.
Charlton, Jane C.
Jarrett, Thomas H.
BE Smith, BJ
Bastian, N
Higdon, SJU
Higdon, JL
TI Mid-Infrared Evidence for Accelerated Evolution in Compact Group
Galaxies
SO GALAXY WARS: STELLAR POPULATIONS AND STAR FORMATION IN INTERACTING
GALAXIES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Galaxy Wars: Stellar Populations and Star Formation in
Interacting Galaxies
CY JUL 19-22, 2009
CL E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN
SP ETSU Off Res & Sponsored Projects, ETSU Friends Astron
HO E Tennessee State Univ
AB We find evidence for accelerated evolution in compact group galaxies from the distribution in mid-infrared colorspace of 42 galaxies from 12 Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs) compared to the distributions of several other samples including the LVL+SINGS galaxies, interacting galaxies, and galaxies from the Coma Cluster. We find that the HCG galaxies are not uniformly distributed in colorspace, as well as quantitative evidence for a gap. Galaxies in the infall region of the Coma cluster also exhibit a non-uniform distribution and a less well defined gap, which may reflect a similarity with the compact group environment. Neither the Coma Center or interacting samples show evidence of a gap, leading us to speculate that the gap is unique to the environment of high galaxy density where gas has not been fully processed or stripped.
C1 [Walker, Lisa May; Johnson, Kelsey E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Gallagher, Sarah C.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
[Hibbard, John E.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Hornschemeier, Ann E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Charlton, Jane C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Jarrett, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Walker, LM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-726-1
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2010
VL 423
BP 88
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BSM97
UT WOS:000284979300016
ER
PT B
AU Mullan, B
Charlton, JC
Konstantopoulos, IS
Bastian, N
Chandar, R
Durrell, PR
Elmegreen, DM
English, J
Gallagher, SC
Gronwall, C
Hibbard, JE
Hunsberger, S
Johnson, KE
Kepley, A
Knierman, KA
Koribalski, B
Lee, KH
Maybhate, A
Palma, C
Vacca, WD
AF Mullan, B.
Charlton, J. C.
Konstantopoulos, I. S.
Bastian, N.
Chandar, R.
Durrell, P. R.
Elmegreen, D. M.
English, J.
Gallagher, S. C.
Gronwall, C.
Hibbard, J. E.
Hunsberger, S.
Johnson, K. E.
Kepley, A.
Knierman, K. A.
Koribalski, B.
Lee, K. H.
Maybhate, A.
Palma, C.
Vacca, W. D.
BE Smith, BJ
Bastian, N
Higdon, SJU
Higdon, JL
TI Tidal Tails in Interacting Galaxies: Formation of Compact Stellar
Structures
SO GALAXY WARS: STELLAR POPULATIONS AND STAR FORMATION IN INTERACTING
GALAXIES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Galaxy Wars: Stellar Populations and Star Formation in
Interacting Galaxies
CY JUL 19-22, 2009
CL E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN
SP ETSU Off Res & Sponsored Projects, ETSU Friends Astron
HO E Tennessee State Univ
ID YOUNG STAR-CLUSTERS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; ANTENNAE GALAXIES; MASS
FUNCTION; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; COLORS
AB We have used F606W (V-606)- and F814W (I-814)- band images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to identify compact stellar clusters within the tidal tails of twelve different interacting galaxies. The seventeen tails within our sample span a physical parameter space of HI/stellar masses, tail pressure and density through their diversity of tail lengths, optical brightnesses, mass ratios, HI column densities, stage on the Toomre sequence, and tail kinematics. Our preliminary findings in this study indicate that star cluster demographics of the tidal tail environment are compatible with the current understanding of star cluster formation in quiescent systems, possibly only needing changes in certain parameters or normalization of the Schechter cluster initial mass function (CIMF) to replicate what we observe in color-magnitude diagrams and a Brightest M-V - log N plot.
C1 [Mullan, B.; Charlton, J. C.; Konstantopoulos, I. S.; Gronwall, C.; Hunsberger, S.; Lee, K. H.; Palma, C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16803 USA.
[Bastian, N.] Univ Cambridge, Astron Inst, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England.
[Chandar, R.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
[Durrell, P. R.] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA.
[Elmegreen, D. M.] Vassar Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA.
[English, J.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
[Gallagher, S. C.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
[Hibbard, J. E.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Johnson, K. E.; Kepley, A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Knierman, K. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Batcman Phys Sci Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Maybhate, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Vacca, W. D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stratospher Obersb Infrared Astron, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Mullan, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16803 USA.
EM mullan@astro.psu.edu
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-726-1
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2010
VL 423
BP 129
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BSM97
UT WOS:000284979300024
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, TV
AF Johnson, Torrence V.
BE Barbieri, C
Chakrabarti, S
Coradini, M
Lazzarin, M
TI Modern exploration of Galileo's new worlds
SO GALILEO'S MEDICEAN MOONS: THEIR IMPACT ON 400 YEARS OF DISCOVERY
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 269th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union
CY JAN 06-09, 2010
CL Padova, ITALY
SP Int Astronom Union, European Space Agcy, Comm Space Res COSPAR, Univ Padua, Assoc Friends, Comune Padova, Univ Padua, Dept Astron, Parco Scientifico Tecnico Galileo Padova, Accademia Galileiana Sci & Lett Arti, Camera Commercio Padova, Salmoiraghi & Vigano
DE History and philosophy of astronomy; space vehicles; planets and
satellites: individual (Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, Io, Jupiter)
AB Four hundred years ago Galileo turned his telescope to the heavens and changed the way we view the cosmos forever. Among his discoveries in January of 1610 were four new 'stars', following Jupiter in the sky but changing their positions with respect; to the giant planet every night. Galileo showed that these 'Medicean stars',