FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Lakhina, GS Verkhoglyadova, OP Gonzalez, WD Echer, E Guarnieri, FL AF Tsurutani, B. T. Lakhina, G. S. Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Gonzalez, W. D. Echer, E. Guarnieri, F. L. TI A review of interplanetary discontinuities and their geomagnetic effects SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Interplanetary discontinuities; Shocks; Auroras; Substorms ID NONLINEAR ALFVEN WAVES; SOLAR-WIND DISCONTINUITIES; STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS; POLAR MAGNETIC SUBSTORMS; RANKINE-HUGONIOT PROBLEM; MHD INTERMEDIATE SHOCKS; MIRROR-MODE STRUCTURES; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; DIRECTIONAL DISCONTINUITIES; TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITIES AB Interplanetary discontinuities and their geomagnetic effects are reviewed for magnetospheric/space weather researchers. Discontinuities are particularly useful as diagnostics since they are clearly identifiable in interplanetary data and their geomagnetic effects are unambiguous most of the time. Directional discontinuities (DDs) are abrupt changes in the interplanetary magnetic field direction and plasma parameters. DDs may be rotational discontinuities (RDs), tangential discontinuities (TDs) contact discontinuities (CDs) or shocks (fast (FS), intermediate (IS) and slow (SS). Shocks can propagate in the direction of the driver (forward shocks or FSs) or opposite to the driver (reverse shocks of RSs). Discontinuities interacting with other discontinuities may create new discontinuities. Fast forward shocks (FFSs) are shown to energize trapped particles by compressive effects, cause dayside aurora, lead to the creation of new radiation belts and to trigger nightside sector magnetospheric substorms. Fast reverse shocks (FRSs) or reverse waves (RWs) lead to magnetospheric expansions and the cessation of geomagnetic activity. TD-bow shock interactions create hot flow anomalies (HFAs) which then lead to outward expansions of the local magnetopause and dayside auroral enhancements. Some DD crossings may cause sudden southward IMF turnings. These cause magnetic reconnection and energy input into the magnetosphere-ionosphere-magnetotail system. Substorms sometimes occur thereafter. DDs that entail northward IMF turnings may lead to the triggering of substorms. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tsurutani, B. T.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lakhina, G. S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India. [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gonzalez, W. D.; Echer, E.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Guarnieri, F. L.] Univ Vale Paraiba, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013; OI Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X; Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 FU Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi; CNPq [300211/2008-2]; FAPESP [2007/52533-1] FX Portions of the work presented in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. GSL thanks the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi for support under the Senior Scientist Scheme. EE thanks CNPq (300211/2008-2) and FAPESP (2007/52533-1) agencies for financial support. BIT thanks H. Zhang and Q.-G. Zong who organized an AGU special session on "Magnetospheric Response to Solar Wind Discontinuities" and asked the author to give an invited talk. This review paper was initiated by the talk. NR 112 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.04.001 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717UO UT WOS:000287073100002 ER PT J AU Nemecek, Z Safrankova, J Koval, A Merka, J Prech, L AF Nemecek, Z. Safrankova, J. Koval, A. Merka, J. Prech, L. TI MHD analysis of propagation of an interplanetary shock across magnetospheric boundaries SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary shock; Bow shock; Magnetopause; Magnetosheath ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WAVES; MAGNETOSHEATH; MAGNETOPAUSE; ARRIVAL; MODEL; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; EVOLUTION AB An important problem of the Space Weather Program is the interaction of interplanetary (IP) shocks with Earth's magnetosphere because their interaction often (but not always) leads to major geomagnetic storms. Since the huge interaction region can be covered by simultaneous spacecraft observations only sporadically, global MHD modeling can help in our understanding of the interaction process. We have developed a procedure that clearly distinguished magnetospheric boundaries in an output of the global MHD model and compare its results to spacecraft observations. Using one IP shock observed by Geotail, we compare its passage through the magnetosphere with predictions of two modifications of the global BATS-R-US MHD code. We demonstrate the complexity of the shock interaction with the bow shock, magnetopause, and oscillations of the whole system toward a new equilibrium state with a duration of 10-12 min. Moreover, based on the changes of the magnetopause and bow shock locations in the nightside region, we suggest that the information about the IP shock hitting the subsolar magnetopause reaches the nightside magnetopause earlier than the IP shock can arrive. This information is, in our view, mediated by fast magnetosonic waves in the inner magnetosphere. Although we have found generally a good agreement, we discuss possible sources of deviations of modeled and observed locations of the boundaries. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nemecek, Z.; Safrankova, J.; Prech, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. [Koval, A.; Merka, J.] NASA, Heliospher Phys Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Merka, J.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Nemecek, Z (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, V Holesovickach 2, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. EM zdenek.nemecek@mff.cuni.cz FU Czech Grant Agency [205/09/0112, 205/07/0694]; Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM 0021620860] FX The authors acknowledge the working group at CCMC for special model runs, namely M. Kuznetsova for useful consultations, and thank the Wind and Geotail teams for the magnetic field and plasma data. The present work was partly supported by the Czech Grant Agency under Contracts 205/09/0112 and 205/07/0694, and partly by the Research Plan MSM 0021620860 that is financed by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. A. Koval acknowledges the appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.05.017 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717UO UT WOS:000287073100003 ER PT J AU Mannucci, AJ Tsurutani, BT AF Mannucci, Anthony J. Tsurutani, Bruce T. TI Magnetospheric Response to Solar Wind Discontinuities SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ionospher & Atmospher Remote Sensing Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ionospher & Atmospher Remote Sensing Grp, Mail Stop 138-308,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tony.Mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 147 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.028 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717UO UT WOS:000287073100016 ER PT J AU Koga, D Sobral, JHA Gonzalez, WD Arruda, DCS Abdu, MA de Castilho, VM Mascarenhas, M Gonzalez, AC Tsurutani, BT Denardini, CM Zamlutti, CJ AF Koga, D. Sobral, J. H. A. Gonzalez, W. D. Arruda, D. C. S. Abdu, M. A. de Castilho, V. M. Mascarenhas, M. Gonzalez, A. C. Tsurutani, B. T. Denardini, C. M. Zamlutti, C. J. TI Electrodynamic coupling processes between the magnetosphere and the equatorial ionosphere during a 5-day HILDCAA event SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary electric field; HILDCAA; Prompt penetration drifts; Disturbance dynamo drifts ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MAGNETIC STORM; DISTURBED CONDITIONS; TIME-DEPENDENCE; JULY 15; PENETRATION; VELOCITIES; CAMPAIGN; SECTOR AB We present a statistical analysis of equatorial F-peak height vertical drifts during a 5-day HILDCAA event (3-7 July 2003). Prompt penetration-PP drifts have been identified in this study by means of a correlation analysis carried out between the magnitude of disturbed height variations over the equatorial station Sao Luis-SL (44.6W, 2.33S, dip angle 1.5S) and the magnitudes of the interplanetary electric field at the magnetopause. A comparison between the correlation coefficients for the HILDCAA and the post-HILDCAA days clearly shows that coupling on the post-HILDCAA period is suppressed. The daytime (nighttime) ionospheric responses to magnetopause electric field changes were found to occur within similar to 55 min (similar to 45 min). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Koga, D.; Sobral, J. H. A.; Gonzalez, W. D.; Arruda, D. C. S.; Abdu, M. A.; de Castilho, V. M.; Mascarenhas, M.; Gonzalez, A. C.; Denardini, C. M.; Zamlutti, C. J.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Koga, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Space Res INPE, POB 515,Av Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM daiki@dae.inpe.br RI De Nardin, Clezio/C-4103-2012; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013 OI De Nardin, Clezio/0000-0002-3624-2461; FU Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [152154/2007-8] FX This work was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) grants 152154/2007-8. Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We acknowledge the CDAWeb (NASA) for access to the ACE data. The SYM-H, AE, Kp, indices were provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism (Kyoto University). The F10.7 cm flux data were obtained from the NGDC (NOAA). The authors thank Maria Goreti de Santos Aquino for assistance in processing the ionosonde data. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.002 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717UO UT WOS:000287073100017 ER PT J AU Mengshoel, OJ Roth, D Wilkins, DC AF Mengshoel, Ole J. Roth, Dan Wilkins, David C. TI Portfolios in Stochastic Local Search: Efficiently Computing Most Probable Explanations in Bayesian Networks SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE Stochastic local search; Portfolios; Bayesian networks; Most probable explanations; Determinism; Stochastic greedy search; Markov chains; Hitting times ID MAX-SAT; INFERENCE; ALGORITHMS; HARD; CODES; MODEL AB Portfolio methods support the combination of different algorithms and heuristics, including stochastic local search (SLS) heuristics, and have been identified as a promising approach to solve computationally hard problems. While successful in experiments, theoretical foundations and analytical results for portfolio-based SLS heuristics are less developed. This article aims to improve the understanding of the role of portfolios of heuristics in SLS. We emphasize the problem of computing most probable explanations (MPEs) in Bayesian networks (BNs). Algorithmically, we discuss a portfolio-based SLS algorithm for MPE computation, Stochastic Greedy Search (SGS). SGS supports the integration of different initialization operators (or initialization heuristics) and different search operators (greedy and noisy heuristics), thereby enabling new analytical and experimental results. Analytically, we introduce a novel Markov chain model tailored to portfolio-based SLS algorithms including SGS, thereby enabling us to analytically form expected hitting time results that explain empirical run time results. For a specific BN, we show the benefit of using a homogenous initialization portfolio. To further illustrate the portfolio approach, we consider novel additive search heuristics for handling determinism in the form of zero entries in conditional probability tables in BNs. Our additive approach adds rather than multiplies probabilities when computing the utility of an explanation. We motivate the additive measure by studying the dramatic impact of zero entries in conditional probability tables on the number of zero-probability explanations, which again complicates the search process. We consider the relationship between MAXSAT and MPE, and show that additive utility (or gain) is a generalization, to the probabilistic setting, of MAXSAT utility (or gain) used in the celebrated GSAT and WalkSAT algorithms and their descendants. Utilizing our Markov chain framework, we show that expected hitting time is a rational function-i.e. a ratio of two polynomials of the probability of applying an additive search operator. Experimentally, we report on synthetically generated BNs as well as BNs from applications, and compare SGS's performance to that of Hugin, which performs BN inference by compilation to and propagation in clique trees. On synthetic networks, SGS speeds up computation by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to Hugin. In application networks, our approach is highly competitive in Bayesian networks with a high degree of determinism. In addition to showing that stochastic local search can be competitive with clique tree clustering, our empirical results provide an improved understanding of the circumstances under which portfolio-based SLS outperforms clique tree clustering and vice versa. C1 [Mengshoel, Ole J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Roth, Dan] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wilkins, David C.] Stanford Univ, Symbol Syst Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mengshoel, OJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Silicon Valley Campus,Mail Stop 269-3,Bldg T35-B,, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ole.mengshoel@sv.cmu.edu; danr@cs.uiuc.edu; dwilkins@stanford.edu FU NASA [NCC2-1426, NNA07BB97C]; NSF [CCF-0937044, ECCS-0931978, IIS-9801638, SBR-987345]; ONR [N00014-95-1-0749]; ARL [DAAL01-96-2-0003]; NRL [N00014-97-C-2061] FX This material is based, in part, upon work by Ole J. Mengshoel supported by NASA awards NCC2-1426 and NNA07BB97C as well as NSF grants CCF-0937044 and ECCS-0931978. Ole J. Mengshoel and David C. Wilkins gratefully acknowledge support in part by ONR grant N00014-95-1-0749, ARL grant DAAL01-96-2-0003, and NRL grant N00014-97-C-2061. Dan Roth gratefully acknowledges the support of NSF grants IIS-9801638 and SBR-987345. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 EI 1573-0670 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 103 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s10817-010-9170-5 PG 58 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 719EX UT WOS:000287185000001 ER PT J AU Rogers, RB Ackerson, BJ AF Rogers, Richard B. Ackerson, Bruce J. TI The measurement of solid-liquid interfacial energy in colloidal suspensions using grain boundary grooves SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE interfacial thermodynamics; phase boundary; solid-liquid interfacial energy; colloid; hard sphere ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HARD-SPHERE CRYSTALS; PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; EUTECTIC SYSTEM; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; SURFACE-TENSION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; ANISOTROPIC SURFACES; DISLOCATION DYNAMICS AB Interfacial energy is a fundamental physiochemical property of any multi-phase system. Among the most direct approaches for determining solid-liquid interfacial energy is a technique based on measuring the shape of grain boundary grooves in specimens subjected to a linear temperature gradient. This technique was adapted to crystallizing colloids in a gravitational field. Such colloids exhibit a freezing-melting phase transition and are important not only as self-assembling precursors to photonic crystals, but also as physical models of atomic and molecular systems. The grain boundary groove technique was tested using suspensions of sterically stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres, which have been shown to closely approximate the hard sphere potential. Whereas isotropic models did not fit grain boundary groove data well, the capillary vector model, which is suitable for both isotropic and anisotropic surface energies, produced gamma(110) = 0.58 +/- 0.05 k(B)T/sigma(2). This value of interfacial energy is in agreement with many of the published values for hard spheres, supporting the validity of our grain boundary groove technique adaptations to colloidal systems in a gravitational field. Finally, kinks observed in groove profiles suggest a minimum anisotropy parameter of epsilon = 0.029 for hard spheres. C1 [Rogers, Richard B.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Rogers, Richard B.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ackerson, Bruce J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Rogers, RB (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM richard.b.rogers@nasa.gov FU NASA FX We thank R. Ottewill and his group at Bristol for synthesizing and characterizing the particles used in our experiments, and W. B. Russel for kindly providing them. R. B. R. thanks K.P.D. Lagerlof for helpful discussions and NASA for providing salary, experimental equipment, and facilities. NR 136 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 BP 682 EP 729 DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.527306 PG 48 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 717CM UT WOS:000287020200002 ER PT J AU Li, L Greenberg, PS Street, KW Chen, DR AF Li, Lin Greenberg, Paul S. Street, Kenneth W., Jr. Chen, Da-Ren TI Study of a Magnetic Filter System for the Characterization of Particle Magnetic Property SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION; DEVICE; REMOVAL; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; FILTRATION; CAPTURE; WATER; FIELD AB A magnetic filter system has been constructed, and its performance has been investigated, to measure the magnetic property of monodisperse gamma-Fe(2)O(3) particles in the size range from 100 to 300 nm. In the system, SS 430 screens are placed in the magnetic filter element and exposed to a strong external magnetic field generated by an electric coil. The high magnetic field gradient resulted from magnetized fine wires enhances the collection of magnetic particles in addition to the particle collection via the diffusion mechanism. The particle concentrations at the upstream and downstream of the magnetic filter element were measured by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter (UCPC, TSI model 3025A). Particle penetration obtained in the experiment is a function of particle size, particle magnetic property, and wire magnetization. To retrieve the magnetic property of characterized particles from the measured penetration data, a numerical model was further developed using the finite element package COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5. In this modeling, a single mesh screen is assumed to be represented by unit cells. The flow, the magnetic fields, and particle trajectory were solved in a unit cell. The relationship between particle penetration and magnetic property can then be obtained via this model for the given particle size, aerosol flowrate, and external magnetic field strength. The numerical model was first validated by comparing the experimental penetration with the simulation results for the case of 100, 150, and 250 nm gamma-Fe(2)O(3) particles having the magnetic susceptibility characterized by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic susceptibilities of other sizes from 100 to 300 nm were then derived from this model according to the measured penetration data. C1 [Li, Lin; Chen, Da-Ren] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Greenberg, Paul S.; Street, Kenneth W., Jr.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Micrograv Combust & Reacting Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Chen, DR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, Campus Box 1180,1Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM chen@me.wustl.edu RI li, lin/D-7584-2014 OI li, lin/0000-0002-8120-2442 FU NASA Glen Research Center [NNX07AN27G] FX The authors (Li and Chen) are grateful for the financial support provided by the NASA Glen Research Center (Grant No. NNX07AN27G). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.534514 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712HA UT WOS:000286655700003 ER PT J AU Cassou, C Minvielle, M Terray, L Perigaud, C AF Cassou, Christophe Minvielle, Marie Terray, Laurent Perigaud, Claire TI A statistical-dynamical scheme for reconstructing ocean forcing in the Atlantic. Part I: weather regimes as predictors for ocean surface variables SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Weather regimes; Climate variability; Atlantic Ocean; Oceanic forcing variables ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; HEMISPHERE TELECONNECTION PATTERNS; DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; SEA; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE AB The links between the observed variability of the surface ocean variables estimated from reanalysis and the overlying atmosphere decomposed in classes of large-scale atmospheric circulation via clustering are investigated over the Atlantic from 1958 to 2002. Daily 500 hPa geopotential height and 1,000 hPa wind anomaly maps are classified following a weather-typing approach to describe the North Atlantic and tropical Atlantic atmospheric dynamics, respectively. The algorithm yields patterns that correspond in the extratropics to the well-known North Atlantic-Europe weather regimes (NAE-WR) accounting for the barotropic dynamics, and in the tropics to wind classes (T-WC) representing the alteration of the trades. 10-m wind and 2-m temperature (T2) anomaly composites derived from regime/wind class occurrence are indicative of strong relationships between daily large-scale atmospheric circulation and ocean surface over the entire Atlantic basin. High temporal correlation values are obtained basin-wide at low frequency between the observed fields and their reconstruction by multiple linear regressions with the frequencies of occurrence of both NAE-WR and T-WC used as sole predictors. Additional multiple linear regressions also emphasize the importance of accounting for the strength of the daily anomalous atmospheric circulation estimated by the combined distances to all regimes centroids in order to reproduce the daily to interannual variability of the Atlantic ocean. We show that for most of the North Atlantic basin the occurrence of NAE-WR generally sets the sign of the ocean surface anomaly for a given day, and that the inter-regime distances are valuable predictors for the magnitude of that anomaly. Finally, we provide evidence that a large fraction of the low-frequency trends in the Atlantic observed at the surface over the last 50 years can be traced back, except for T2, to changes in occurrence of tropical and extratropical weather classes. All together, our findings are encouraging for the prospects of basin-scale ocean dynamical down-scaling using a weather-typing approach to reconstruct forcing fields for high resolution ocean models (Part II) from coarse resolution climate models. C1 [Cassou, Christophe; Minvielle, Marie; Terray, Laurent] CERFACS CNRS, Climate Modelling & Global Change Team, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Perigaud, Claire] JPL NASA, Ocean Sci Element, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. RP Cassou, C (reprint author), CERFACS CNRS, Climate Modelling & Global Change Team, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM cassou@cerfacs.fr RI Terray, Laurent/B-8056-2008 OI Terray, Laurent/0000-0001-5512-7074 FU CERFACS; CNRS; Mercator-Ocean; European Community [GOCE-CT-2003-505539] FX We thank Julien Najac and Julien Boe for stimulating discussions. We are grateful to So line Bielli and Didier. Swingedouw for their help in improving the manuscript The figures were produced with the NCL software developed at NCAR. This work was supported by CERFACS, CNRS, Mercator-Ocean via the DES-AGO project and by the European Community via the sixth framework ENSEMBLES project under Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539. NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0781-7 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710DY UT WOS:000286492300002 ER PT J AU Morscher, GN John, R Zawada, L Brewer, D Ojard, G Calomino, A AF Morscher, Gregory N. John, Reji Zawada, Larry Brewer, David Ojard, Greg Calomino, Anthony TI Creep in vacuum of woven Sylramic-iBN melt-infiltrated composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Thermomechanical properties; Environmental degradation ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; SICF-SIBC COMPOSITES; STRESS-RUPTURE; HI-NICALON; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; AIR; MINICOMPOSITES; INTERPHASE AB In order to better understand the effect of stressed-oxidation, the performance of woven Sylramic-iBN fiber-reinforced slurry cast melt-infiltrated (MI) composites were tested in creep and fatigue under non-oxidizing conditions. Initially creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204 degrees C in an argon atmosphere; however, it was observed that sufficient oxidizing species existed in the environment to degrade the composites in a manner similar to air environments. Therefore, creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204 degrees C in a vacuum environment which showed no evidence of oxidation and superior properties to composites subjected to stressed-oxidation conditions. The mechanical results and microscopy of the vacuum and argon are compared to the behavior of these composites tested in air. It was found that the stress-rupture properties of the vacuum-tested composites could be predicted from single fiber creep rupture data assuming reasonable values for the Weibull modulus. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morscher, Gregory N.] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [John, Reji; Zawada, Larry] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brewer, David] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA. [Ojard, Greg] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [Calomino, Anthony] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Morscher, GN (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM gm33@uakron.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate through University of Dayton Research Institute FX We would like to thank John Zima of the University of Toledo for running the vacuum tests, Professor William Curtin for discussions concerning the use of his model, and Thomas Smith for programming assistance. This effort was partially funded by Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate under a subcontract through University of Dayton Research Institute. All tests were performed at NASA Glenn Research Center. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.10.003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 702ON UT WOS:000285904100009 ER PT J AU Harmon, JK Slade, MA Rice, MS AF Harmon, John K. Slade, Martin A. Rice, Melissa S. TI Radar imagery of Mercury's putative polar ice: 1999-2005 Arecibo results SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Mercury, Surface; Radar observations; Ices ID COHERENT-BACKSCATTER; NORTH-POLE; STABILITY; DEPOSITS; MOON; SATELLITES; ANOMALIES AB We present an updated survey of Mercury's putative polar ice deposits, based on high-resolution (1.5-km) imaging with the upgraded Arecibo S-band radar during 1999-2005. The north pole has now been imaged over a full range of longitude aspects, making it possible to distinguish ice-free areas from radar-shadowed areas and thus better map the distribution of radar-bright ice. The new imagery of the south pole, though derived from only a single pair of dates in 2005, improves on the pre-upgrade Arecibo imagery and reveals many additional ice features. Some medium-size craters located within 3 degrees of the north pole show near-complete ice coverage over their floors, central peaks, and southern interior rim walls and little or no ice on their northern rim walls, while one large (90 km) crater at 85 degrees N shows a sharp ice-cutoff line running across its central floor. All of this is consistent with the estimated polar extent of permanent shading from direct sunlight. Some craters show ice in regions that, though permanently shaded, should be too warm to maintain unprotected surface ice owing to indirect heating by reflected and reradiated sunlight. However, the ice distribution in these craters is in good agreement with models invoking insulation by a thin dust mantle. Comparisons with Goldstone X-band radar imagery indicate a wavelength dependence that could be consistent with such a dust mantle. More than a dozen small ice features have been found at latitudes between 67 degrees and 75 degrees. All of this low-latitude ice is probably sheltered in or under steep pole-facing crater rim walls, although, since most is located in the Mariner-unimaged hemisphere, confirmation must await imaging by the MESSENGER orbiter. These low-latitude features are concentrated toward the "cold longitudes," possibly indicating a thermal segregation effect governed by indirect heating. The radar imagery places the corrected locations of the north and south poles at 7 degrees W, 88.35 degrees N and 90 degrees W, 88.7 degrees S, respectively, on the original Mariner-based maps. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harmon, John K.] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Slade, Martin A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rice, Melissa S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Harmon, JK (reprint author), Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. EM harmon@naic.edu; Martin.A.Slade@jpl.nasa.gov; mrice@astro.cornell.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology; NSF FX The National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (Arecibo Observatory) is operated by Cornell University under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF). The S-band radar observations were also made possible with support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The work of Martin Slade was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. Melissa Rice's work at Arecibo was supported by a grant from the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program of the NSF. We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their constructive reviews and valuable suggestions. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.007 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600004 ER PT J AU Mehta, M Renno, NO Marshall, J Grover, MR Sengupta, A Rusche, NA Kok, JF Arvidson, RE Markiewicz, WJ Lemmon, MT Smith, PH AF Mehta, Manish Renno, Nilton O. Marshall, John Grover, M. Rob Sengupta, Anita Rusche, Neal A. Kok, Jasper F. Arvidson, Raymond E. Markiewicz, Wojciech J. Lemmon, Mark T. Smith, Peter H. TI Explosive erosion during the Phoenix landing exposes subsurface water on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Ices; Cratering ID WIND-TUNNEL SIMULATIONS; DESCENT ENGINE; LUNAR SOIL; SURFACE; SAND; IMPACT; LANDER; SOUND; DUST AB While steady thruster jets caused only modest surface erosion during previous spacecraft landings on the Moon and Mars, the pulsed jets from the Phoenix spacecraft led to extensive alteration of its landing site on the martian arctic, exposed a large fraction of the subsurface water ice under the lander, and led to the discovery of evidence for liquid saline water on Mars. Here we report the discovery of the 'explosive erosion' process that led to this extensive erosion. We show that the impingement of supersonic pulsed jets fluidizes porous soils and forms cyclic shock waves which propagate through the soil and produce erosion rates more than an order of magnitude larger than that of other jet-induced processes. The understanding of 'explosive erosion' allows the calculation of bulk physical properties of the soils altered by it, provides insight into a new behavior of granular flow at extreme conditions and explains the rapid alteration of the Phoenix landing site's ground morphology at the northern arctic plains of Mars. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mehta, Manish; Renno, Nilton O.; Rusche, Neal A.; Kok, Jasper F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Renno, Nilton O.; Kok, Jasper F.] Univ Michigan, Appl Phys Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marshall, John] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Grover, M. Rob; Sengupta, Anita] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Arvidson, Raymond E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Markiewicz, Wojciech J.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Lemmon, Mark T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Smith, Peter H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kok, Jasper F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Boulder, Adv Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mehta, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM manishm@umich.edu RI Kok, Jasper/A-9698-2008; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010 OI Kok, Jasper/0000-0003-0464-8325; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136 FU Phoenix Mars mission; Michigan Space Grant; Lockheed Martin Corporation; NASA [NNX06AH56H] FX We thank R. Gillespie, R. Greeley, C. Woosley, P.G. Huseman, D.S. Gulick, G.L. Romine, E. Bailey, R. Hryciw, J.T. Heineck and Y. Jung for contributing to this study. The authors would like to recognize the extensive efforts by the Phoenix Entry, Descent and Landing and Science teams that made this mission a success. We also acknowledge the support of NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program for providing operational costs for the ASU-NASA Ames Planetary Aeolian Laboratory. We would also like to thank P.T. Metzger of NASA Kennedy Space Center and other anonymous reviewers for the critical evaluation of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Phoenix Mars mission, the Michigan Space Grant, and by Lockheed Martin Corporation. M. Mehta was supported by NASA's GSRP Grant NNX06AH56H. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 172 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.003 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600015 ER PT J AU Hillier, JK Bauer, JM Buratti, BJ AF Hillier, John K. Bauer, James M. Buratti, Bonnie J. TI Photometric modeling of Asteroid 5535 Annefrank from Stardust observations SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroid Annefrank; Asteroids; Photometry ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GALILEO PHOTOMETRY; SURFACE AB In this paper the Stardust disk-integrated phase curve at phase 47.2-134.6 degrees of the Asteroid 5535 Annefrank, combined with groundbased observations (at phase 2.3-18.3 degrees), are fit with Hapke's photometric model. We confirm Newburn et al.'s (Newburn, R.L. et al. [2003]. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (El 1), 5117. doi:10.1029/2003JE002106) observation that Annefrank exhibits a steep phase curve. This manifests itself in an unusually high fit surface roughness parameter of 49 degrees. The single particle scattering albedo is 0.62, also high for an S-asteroid, while the fit phase function is more forward scattering than the typical S-asteroid being nearly isotropic with an asymmetry parameter of -0.09. The fit opposition surge width (h = 0.015) is typical of S-asteroids. However these fits assume a spherical shape to the asteroid. Li et al. (Li, J., A'Hearn, M.F., McFadden, L.A. [2004]. Icarus, 415-431) have shown that this assumption may lead to significant errors particularly at high phase angles leading to higher modeled single particle scattering albedos, macroscopic roughnesses and more forward scattering phase functions than actually exhibited. Our results confirm this finding fitting only the data below 90 degrees phase yields lower particle albedos (0.41) and roughnesses (20 degrees) and more backscattering particles (-0.19) than the fit including the high phase angle data. Overall Annefrank appears to be on the bright side but otherwise is typical for an S-type asteroid suggesting that it may be a recent collisional fragment with a relatively immature surface which has had relatively little time to be weathered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hillier, John K.] Grays Harbor Coll, Aberdeen, WA 98520 USA. [Bauer, James M.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hillier, JK (reprint author), Grays Harbor Coll, 1620 Edward P Smith Dr, Aberdeen, WA 98520 USA. EM jhillier@ghc.edu FU Discovery Data Analysis Program; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX This project was supported by the Discovery Data Analysis Program. The authors wish to thank Beth Ellen Clark and an anonymous referee for their thorough and constructive reviews of this manuscript. Parts of this work were done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.009 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600039 ER PT J AU Fletcher, LN Orton, GS de Pater, I Edwards, ML Yanamandra-Fisher, PA Hammel, HB Lisse, CM Fisher, BM AF Fletcher, Leigh N. Orton, G. S. de Pater, I. Edwards, M. L. Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A. Hammel, H. B. Lisse, C. M. Fisher, B. M. TI The aftermath of the July 2009 impact on Jupiter: Ammonia, temperatures and particulates from Gemini thermal infrared spectroscopy SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Jupiter; Atmospheres, Composition; Atmospheres, Structure; Impact processes ID ROTOTRANSLATIONAL ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; CASSINI CIRS; SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9 IMPACTS; COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9; STRATOSPHERIC AMMONIA; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; JOVIAN ATMOSPHERE; LINE PARAMETERS; OUTER PLANETS; VOYAGER IRIS AB We obtained longitudinally resolved thermal infrared spectra (8-13 mu m and 17-25 mu m) of Jupiter's impact debris at the Gemini South Telescope on July 24, 2009; five days after the July 19th collision. These were used to study the mechanisms responsible for the redistribution of thermal energy and material (ammonia and stratospheric particulates) following the impact. Upwelling of (8.5 +/- 4.1) x 10(14) g of tropospheric air was sufficient to deposit (6.7 +/- 4.1) x 10(12) g of NH3 over a 6 longitude range above the impact core. The NH3 was distributed over the 20-80 mbar region with a peak abundance of 1.0 +/- 0.6 ppm at 45 mbar. Only a 10th of this abundance was observed over the western ejecta, and it is unlikely that these observations were sensitive to NH3 entrained in the ballistic plume itself. The pattern of excess thermal energy was markedly different from that of Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9), with a localized tropospheric perturbation of 2.0 +/- 1.0 K at 200-300 mbar and a broader stratospheric warming of up to 3.5 +/- 2.0 K at 10-30 mbar. We find no evidence of residual warmth at p < 1 mbar five days after the impact. The excess thermal energy places lower limits on the total energy of the impact (1.8-15.7 x 10(26) ergs), which limits the impactor diameter to 70-510 m (depending on the bulk density chosen for the material). The models of the Gemini spectra required three distinct aerosol features, indicative of the mineralogy of the dark particulate debris, centred at 9.1, 10.0 and 18.5 pm. The retrieved opacities for each of these features were distributed over a larger area (9-10 degrees longitude) and at higher altitudes (above the 10-mbar level) than the stratospheric NH3, and they are more spatially inhomogeneous. This implies the particulates were either entrained with the rising hot plume or created upon plume re-entry and are subsequently redistributed by stratospheric winds. The three particulate features were consistent with a mixture of amorphous iron and magnesium-rich silicates and silicas in the debris field. A broad 10-mu m signature was coincident with peaks expected from material rich in amorphous olivines (but poor in pyroxenes), and similar to silicate features observed during SL9. A narrow 9.1-mu m signature was interpreted as a combination of amorphous and crystalline silica. Finally, a broad 18.5-mu m emitter was not adequately reproduced by a mixture of simple olivines and pyroxenes and remains to be identified. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fletcher, Leigh N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Orton, G. S.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A.; Fisher, B. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [de Pater, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edwards, M. L.] AURA, So Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Hammel, H. B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Lisse, C. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Fletcher, LN (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM fletcher@atm.ox.ac.uk RI Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016 OI Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588; Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526 FU University of Oxford; National Science Foundation FX We thank the director and staff of the Gemini-South observatory for their tremendous help with these rapid observations. This investigation was based on observations acquired at the Gemini Observatory during Directors Discretionary Program GS-2009A-DD-9. The Gemini observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil) and CONICET (Argentina). Spectral reduction used the IRAF software packages distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.; Fletcher was supported during this research by a Glasstone Science Fellowship at the University of Oxford. We thank B. Bezard, A. Sanchez-Lavega, T. Greathouse, P. Irwin and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions during the writing of this manuscript. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 568 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.012 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600042 ER PT J AU Leone, G Wilson, L Davies, AG AF Leone, Giovanni Wilson, Lionel Davies, Ashley Gerard TI The geothermal gradient of Io: Consequences for lithosphere structure and volcanic eruptive activity SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; Volcanism ID GALILEO PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; TIDAL DISSIPATION; HEAT-FLOW; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL EMISSION; MAGMA TRANSPORT; SURFACE; SULFUR; SO2; CONSTRAINTS AB We solve numerically the equations describing the transfer of heat through the lithosphere of to by a mixture of conduction and volcanic advection as proposed by O'Reilly and Davies (O'Reilly, T.C., Davies, G.F. [1981]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 8,313-316), removing the requirement that average material properties must be used. As expected, the dominance of advective heat transfer by volcanic eruptions means that Io's geothermal gradient well away from volcanic centres is very small, of order 1 K km(-1). This result is independent of any reasonable assumptions about the radiogenic heating rate in the lithosphere. The lithosphere temperature does not increase greatly above the surface temperature until the base of the lithosphere is approached, except in limited areas around shallow magma bodies. As a consequence, solid volatile sulphur compounds mobilized by volcanic processes and re-deposited on the surface of Io commonly remain solid until they reach great depths as they are progressively buried by ongoing activity. For current estimates of the volcanic heat transfer rate, melting of SO2 does not begin until a depth of similar to 20 km and sulphur remains solid to a depth of similar to 26 km in a 30 km thick lithosphere. Rising magmas can incorporate fluids from these deep sulphur compound aquifers, and we quantify the major influence that this can have on the bulk density of the magma and hence the resulting possible intrusion and eruption styles. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Leone, Giovanni; Wilson, Lionel] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Davies, Ashley Gerard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Leone, G (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. EM giovanni.leone@tin.it FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology FX Ashley Davies' contribution to this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. The authors thank David Williams and Laszlo Keszthelyi for the many useful suggestions in their reviews of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.016 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600046 ER PT J AU Rhoden, AR Hurford, TA Manga, M AF Rhoden, Alyssa Rose Hurford, Terry A. Manga, Michael TI Strike-slip fault patterns on Europa: Obliquity or polar wander? SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Europa; Rotational dynamics; Tectonics ID NONSYNCHRONOUS ROTATION; ICE SHELL; GALILEAN SATELLITES; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; CRACK AZIMUTHS; SEQUENCE; STRESS; DRIVEN; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION AB Variations in diurnal tidal stress due to Europa's eccentric orbit have been considered as the driver of strike-slip motion along pre-existing faults, but obliquity and physical libration have not been taken into account. The first objective of this work is to examine the effects of obliquity on the predicted global pattern of fault slip directions based on a tidal-tectonic formation model. Our second objective is to test the hypothesis that incorporating obliquity can reconcile theory and observations without requiring polar wander, which was previously invoked to explain the mismatch found between the slip directions of 192 faults on Europa and the global pattern predicted using the eccentricity-only model. We compute predictions for individual, observed faults at their current latitude, longitude, and azimuth with four different tidal models: eccentricity only, eccentricity plus obliquity, eccentricity plus physical libration, and a combination of all three effects. We then determine whether longitude migration, presumably due to non-synchronous rotation, is indicated in observed faults by repeating the comparisons with and without obliquity, this time also allowing longitude translation. We find that a tidal model including an obliquity of 1.2 degrees, along with longitude migration, can predict the slip directions of all observed features in the survey. However, all but four faults can be fit with only 1 degrees of obliquity so the value we find may represent the maximum departure from a lower time-averaged obliquity value. Adding physical libration to the obliquity model improves the accuracy of predictions at the current locations of the faults, but fails to predict the slip directions of six faults and requires additional degrees of freedom. The obliquity model with longitude migration is therefore our preferred model. Although the polar wander interpretation cannot be ruled out from these results alone, the obliquity model accounts for all observations with a value consistent with theoretical expectations and cycloid modeling. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rhoden, Alyssa Rose; Manga, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hurford, Terry A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rhoden, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alyssa@eps.berkeley.edu RI Hurford, Terry/F-2625-2012; Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013; OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU NAI; NESSF FX The authors wish to thank E.M. Huff and B. Militzer for several helpful discussions and the NAI and NESSF programs for funding this work. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 636 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.002 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600047 ER PT J AU Radebaugh, J Lorenz, RD Wall, SD Kirk, RL Wood, CA Lunine, JI Stofan, ER Lopes, RMC Valora, P Farr, TG Hayes, A Stiles, B Mitri, G Zebker, H Janssen, M Wye, L LeGall, A Mitchell, KL Paganelli, F West, RD Schaller, EL AF Radebaugh, J. Lorenz, R. D. Wall, S. D. Kirk, R. L. Wood, C. A. Lunine, J. I. Stofan, E. R. Lopes, R. M. C. Valora, P. Farr, T. G. Hayes, A. Stiles, B. Mitri, G. Zebker, H. Janssen, M. Wye, L. LeGall, A. Mitchell, K. L. Paganelli, F. West, R. D. Schaller, E. L. CA Cassini Radar Team TI Regional geomorphology and history of Titan's Xanadu province SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Satellites, Surfaces; Saturn, Satellites ID CASSINI RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDE CLOUDS; SURFACE; IMAGES; WAVELENGTH; TOPOGRAPHY; ROTATION; AMMONIA; DRIZZLE; DUNES AB Titan's enigmatic Xanadu province has been seen in some detail with instruments from the Cassini spacecraft. The region contains some of the most rugged, mountainous terrain on Titan, with relief over 2000 m. Xanadu contains evolved and integrated river channels, impact craters, and dry basins filled with smooth, radar-dark material, perhaps sediments from past lake beds. Arcuate and aligned mountain chains give evidence of compressional tectonism, yet the overall elevation of Xanadu is puzzlingly low compared to surrounding sand seas. Lineations associated with mountain fronts and valley floors give evidence of extension that probably contributed to this regional lowering. Several locations on Xanadu's western and southern margins contain flow-like features that may be cryovolcanic in origin, perhaps ascended from lithospheric faults related to regional downdropping late in its history. Radiometry and scatterometry observations are consistent with a water-ice or water-ammonia-ice composition to its exposed, eroded, fractured bedrock; both microwave and visible to near-infrared (v-nIR) data indicate a thin overcoating of organics, likely derived from the atmosphere. We suggest Xanadu is one of the oldest terrains on Titan and that its origin and evolution have been controlled and shaped by compressional and then extensional tectonism in the icy crust and ongoing erosion by methane rainfall. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Radebaugh, J.; Valora, P.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wall, S. D.; Lopes, R. M. C.; Farr, T. G.; Stiles, B.; Mitri, G.; Janssen, M.; LeGall, A.; Mitchell, K. L.; West, R. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Stofan, E. R.; Paganelli, F.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. [Hayes, A.] CALTECH, Dept Geol Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zebker, H.; Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schaller, E. L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Radebaugh, J (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-389 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM jani.radebaugh@byu.edu RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA; program "Incentivazione alla mobilita' di studiosi straineri e italiani residenti all'estero" FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Cassini Project and all those who designed and operate the remarkable Cassini spacecraft. Portions of this work were supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. JIL acknowledges support from the program "Incentivazione alla mobilita' di studiosi straineri e italiani residenti all'estero." The authors also acknowledge the thorough and helpful reviews from Geoffrey Collins and Devon Burr. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 672 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.022 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600050 ER PT J AU Achterberg, RK Gierasch, PJ Conrath, BJ Flasar, FM Nixon, CA AF Achterberg, Richard K. Gierasch, Peter J. Conrath, Barney J. Flasar, F. Michael Nixon, Conor A. TI Temporal variations of Titan's middle-atmospheric temperatures from 2004 to 2009 observed by Cassini/CIRS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheres, Structure; Atmospheres, Dynamics; Infrared observations; Titan, Atmosphere ID COMPOSITE INFRARED SPECTROMETER; LATITUDINAL TRANSPORT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; BAROTROPIC WAVES; HUYGENS PROBE; STRATOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; MODEL; WINDS AB We use five and one-half years of limb- and nadir-viewing temperature mapping observations by the Composite Infrared Radiometer-Spectrometer (CIRS) on the Cassini Saturn orbiter, taken between July 2004 and December 2009 (L(S) from 293 degrees to 4 degrees; northern mid-winter to just after northern spring equinox), to monitor temperature changes in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere of Titan. The largest changes are in the northern (winter) polar stratopause, which has declined in temperature by over 20 K between 2005 and 2009. Throughout the rest of the mid to upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, temperature changes are less than 5 K. In the southern hemisphere, temperatures in the middle stratosphere near 1 mbar increased by 1-2 K from 2004 through early 2007, then declined by 2-4 K throughout 2008 and 2009, with the changes being larger at more polar latitudes. Middle stratospheric temperatures at mid-northern latitudes show a small 1-2 K increase from 2005 through 2009. At north polar latitudes within the polar vortex, temperatures in the middle stratosphere show a similar to 4 K increase during 2007, followed by a comparable decrease in temperatures in 2008 and into early 2009. The observed temperature changes in the north polar region are consistent with a weakening of the subsidence within the descending branch of the middle atmosphere meridional circulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Achterberg, Richard K.; Flasar, F. Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Achterberg, Richard K.; Nixon, Conor A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gierasch, Peter J.; Conrath, Barney J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Achterberg, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 693-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.K.Achterberg@nasa.gov RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Flasar, F Michael/C-8509-2012 OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; FU NASA FX We thank Todd Ansty for implementation of the pointing commands for many CIRS Titan observations; Emannuel Lellouch for implementing the internal CIRS command tables for the Titan observations; Marcia Segura, Shane Albright, Jim Tingley, Monte Kalberer, Paul Romani, Amy Simon-Miller, Gordy Bjoraker and Matt Elliott for their work in getting the CIRS commands to the spacecraft and the returned data on to the CIRS data server; and Don Jennings, Virgil Kunde, Ron Carlson, Andrei Mamoutkine, Ever Guandique, Nicolas Gorius and John Brasunas for CIRS data calibration. This work was supported by the NASA Cassini Project. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 686 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.009 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600051 ER PT J AU Korycansky, DG Zahnle, KJ AF Korycansky, D. G. Zahnle, Kevin J. TI Titan impacts and escape SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Impact processes; Titan; Saturn, Satellites ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; VENUSIAN ATMOSPHERE; DARK SIDE; SURFACE ORGANICS; CRATER EJECTA; 3D MODELS; EROSION; IAPETUS; ASTEROIDS; VELOCITY AB We report on hydrodynamic calculations of impacts of large (multi-kilometer) objects on Saturn's moon Titan. We assess escape from Titan, and evaluate the hypothesis that escaping ejecta blackened the leading hemisphere of lapetus and peppered the surface of Hyperion. We carried out two- and three-dimensional simulations of impactors ranging in size from 4 to 100 km diameter, impact velocities between 7 and 15 km s(-1), and impact angles from 0 degrees to 75 degrees from the vertical. We used the ZEUSMP2 hydrocode for the calculations. Simulations were made using three different geometries: three-dimensional Cartesian, two-dimensional axisymmetric spherical polar, and two-dimensional plane polar. Three-dimensional Cartesian geometry calculations were carried out over a limited domain (e.g. 240 km on a side for an impactor of size d(i) = 10 km), and the results compared to ones with the same parameters done by Artemieva and Lunine (2005); in general the comparison was good. Being computationally less demanding, two-dimensional calculations were possible for much larger domains, covering global regions of the satellite (from 800 km below Titan's surface to the exobase altitude 1700 km above the surface). Axisymmetric spherical polar calculations were carried out for vertical impacts. Two-dimensional plane-polar geometry calculations were made for both vertical and oblique impacts. In general, calculations among all three geometries gave consistent results. Our basic result is that the amount of escaping material is less than or approximately equal to the impactor mass even for the most favorable cases. Amounts of escaping material scaled most strongly as a function of velocity, with high-velocity impacts generating the largest amount, as expected. Dependence of the relative amount of escaping mass f(esc) = M(esc)/M(i) on impactor diameter d(i) was weak. Oblique impacts (impact angle 0(i) > 45 degrees) were more effective than vertical or near-vertical impacts; ratios of m(esc)/M(i) similar to 1-2 were found in the simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Korycansky, D. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, CODEP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zahnle, Kevin J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Korycansky, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, CODEP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kory@pmc.ucsc.edu FU NASA [NNX07AL45G] FX This work was supported by NASA Outer Planets Research Program Grant NNX07AL45G. Support was also provided by NASA's Cassini Data Analysis Program. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 707 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.013 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600053 ER PT J AU Wright, MR Kuznetsov, SB Kloesel, KJ AF Wright, Michael R. Kuznetsov, Steven B. Kloesel, Kurt J. TI A Lunar Electromagnetic Launch System for In Situ Resource Utilization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch (EML) Technology CY MAY 17-20, 2010 CL Royal Military Acad (RMA), Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Military Acad (RMA) DE Electromagnetic launching; extraterrestrial exploration; linear motors; moon AB Future human exploration of the moon will require the development of capabilities for in situ resource utilization. Transport of lunar-derived commodities such as fuel and oxygen to orbiting resource depots has been proposed to enable refueling landers or other vehicles. A lunar electromagnetic launch (LEML) system could be an effective means of transporting materials as an alternative to nonrenewable chemical-based propulsion systems. An example LEML concept is presented based on previous studies, existing electromagnetic launch technologies, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's human exploration architecture. A preliminary assessment of the cost versus benefit of such a system is also offered; the conclusion, however, is not as favorable for LEML as originally suggested. C1 [Wright, Michael R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kuznetsov, Steven B.] Raytheon Corp, Power & Elect Syst, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Kloesel, Kurt J.] NASA Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Wright, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.r.wright@nasa.gov; stephen.b.kuznetsov@ratheon.com; kurt.j.kloesel@nasa.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2089066 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 703VM UT WOS:000286009400096 ER PT J AU Sarti, P Abbondanza, C Petrov, L Negusini, M AF Sarti, Pierguido Abbondanza, Claudio Petrov, Leonid Negusini, Monia TI Height bias and scale effect induced by antenna gravitational deformations in geodetic VLBI data analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE VLBI; ITRF; Reference frames; Signal path variation; Antenna gravitational deformation ID INTERFEROMETRY; ASTROMETRY AB The impact of signal path variations (SPVs) caused by antenna gravitational deformations on geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) results is evaluated for the first time. Elevation-dependent models of SPV for Medicina and Noto (Italy) telescopes were derived from a combination of terrestrial surveying methods to account for gravitational deformations. After applying these models in geodetic VLBI data analysis, estimates of the antenna reference point positions are shifted upward by 8.9 and 6.7 mm, respectively. The impact on other parameters is negligible. To simulate the impact of antenna gravitational deformations on the entire VLBI network, lacking measurements for other telescopes, we rescaled the SPV models of Medicina and Noto for other antennas according to their size. The effects of the simulations are changes in VLBI heights in the range [-3, 73] mm and a net scale increase of 0.3-0.8 ppb. The height bias is larger than random errors of VLBI position estimates, implying the possibility of significant scale distortions related to antenna gravitational deformations. This demonstrates the need to precisely measure gravitational deformations of other VLBI telescopes, to derive their precise SPV models and to apply them in routine geodetic data analysis. C1 [Sarti, Pierguido; Abbondanza, Claudio; Negusini, Monia] Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Radioastron IRA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Petrov, Leonid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sarti, P (reprint author), Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Radioastron IRA, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM p.sarti@ira.inaf.it RI Sarti, Pierguido/D-2391-2009; Negusini, Monia/N-6493-2015 OI Sarti, Pierguido/0000-0003-1260-5587; Negusini, Monia/0000-0002-0064-5533 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s00190-010-0410-6 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 711QU UT WOS:000286607300001 ER PT J AU Pany, A Bohm, J MacMillan, D Schuh, H Nilsson, T Wresnik, J AF Pany, A. Boehm, J. MacMillan, D. Schuh, H. Nilsson, T. Wresnik, J. TI Monte Carlo simulations of the impact of troposphere, clock and measurement errors on the repeatability of VLBI positions SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE VLBI; VLBI2010; Monte Carlo simulations ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; STRUCTURE CONSTANT; TURBULENCE; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERS; GRADIENTS; GEODESY; ALASKA; RADAR; PHASE AB Within the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to design the next generation VLBI system ("VLBI2010"). Simulated VLBI observables were generated taking into account the three most important stochastic error sources in VLBI, i.e. wet troposphere delay, station clock, and measurement error. Based on realistic physical properties of the troposphere and clocks we ran simulations to investigate the influence of the troposphere on VLBI analyses, and to gain information about the role of clock performance and measurement errors of the receiving system in the process of reaching VLBI2010's goal of mm position accuracy on a global scale. Our simulations confirm that the wet troposphere delay is the most important of these three error sources. We did not observe significant improvement of geodetic parameters if the clocks were simulated with an Allan standard deviation better than 1 x 10(-14) at 50 min and found the impact of measurement errors to be relatively small compared with the impact of the troposphere. Along with simulations to test different network sizes, scheduling strategies, and antenna slew rates these studies were used as a basis for the definition and specification of VLBI2010 antennas and recording system and might also be an example for other space geodetic techniques. C1 [Pany, A.; Boehm, J.; Schuh, H.; Nilsson, T.; Wresnik, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [MacMillan, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pany, A (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM andrea.pany@tuwien.ac.at RI Nilsson, Tobias/D-3764-2012; Bohm, Johannes/H-9161-2013 OI Nilsson, Tobias/0000-0003-4103-9078; Bohm, Johannes/0000-0002-1208-5473 FU FWF [F12800050201]; Austrian Academy of Sciences FX We are very grateful to Anthony Searle from NRCan, Canada, for generating and providing the test schedules used for these investigations. We thank Ruben Sharma for his work on the turbulence parameter simulation study using Calc/Solve. Special thanks also to Bill Petrachenko, Arthur Niell, and the other members of the VLBI2010 Committee for the many valuable comments and fruitful discussions during our weekly teleconferences. Also, we would like to thank Arthur Niell, Oleg Titov, and three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to significantly improve this paper. Andrea Pany is a grateful recipient of a DOC-fFORTE fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Jorg Wresnik and Johannes Bohm would like to thank the FWF for funding project F12800050201. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00190-010-0415-1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 711QU UT WOS:000286607300004 ER PT J AU Kim, H Kumano, T Liou, MS Povinelli, LA Conners, TR AF Kim, HyoungJin Kumano, Takayasu Liou, Meng-Sing Povinelli, Louis A. Conners, Timothy R. TI Flow Simulation of Supersonic Inlet with Bypass Annular Duct SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 04-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID COMPUTATIONS AB A relaxed isentropic compression supersonic inlet is a new concept that produces smaller cowl drag than a conventional inlet, but incurs lower total pressure recovery and increased flow distortion in the (radially) outer flowpath. A supersonic inlet comprising a bypass annulus to the relaxed isentropic compression inlet dumps out airflow of low quality through the bypass duct. A reliable computational fluid dynamics solution can provide considerable useful information to ascertain quantitatively relative merits of the concept, and further provide a basis for optimizing the design. For a fast and reliable performance evaluation of the inlet performance, an equivalent axisymmetric model whose area changes accounts for geometric and physical (blockage) effects resulting from the original complex three-dimensional configuration is proposed. In addition, full three-dimensional calculations are conducted for studying flow phenomena and verifying the validity of the equivalent model. The inlet-engine coupling is carried out by embedding numerical propulsion system simulation engine data into the flow solver for interactive boundary conditions at the engine fan face and exhaust plane. It was found that the blockage resulting from complex three-dimensional geometries in the bypass duct causes significant degradation of inlet performance by pushing the terminal normal shock upstream. C1 [Kim, HyoungJin; Kumano, Takayasu; Liou, Meng-Sing; Povinelli, Louis A.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Conners, Timothy R.] Gulfstream Aerosp Corp, Preliminary Design Dept, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.2514/1.49028 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 711EZ UT WOS:000286571200002 ER PT J AU Wirz, RE Katz, I Goebel, DM Anderson, JR AF Wirz, Richard E. Katz, Ira Goebel, Dan M. Anderson, John R. TI Electron Backstreaming Determination for Ion Thrusters SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB Electron backstreaming in ion thrusters is caused by the random flux of beam electrons past a potential barrier established by the accelerator grid. A technique that integrates this flux over the radial extent or the harrier reveals important aspects of electron backstreaming phenomena for individual beamlets, across the thruster beam, and throughout thruster life. For individual beamlets it was found that over 99% of the electron backstreaming occurs in a small area at the center of the beamlet that is less than 20% the area of the beamlet at the potential barrier established by the accelerator grid. For the thruster beam it was found that over 99% of the backstreaming current occurs inside of r = 6 cm for the over 28 cm diameter NSTAR grid. Initial validation against extended life test data for the NSTAR thruster shows that the technique provides the correct behavior and magnitude of electron backstreaming limit, vertical bar V(ebs)vertical bar. From the sensitivity analyses it is apparent that accelerator grid chamfering due to sputter erosion contributes significantly to the sharp rise in electron backstreaming limit observed in the extended life test, but does not explain the rise in grid ion transparency. Reduction of the grid gap over the life of the thruster also contributes to increases in electron backstreaming limit and increases in ion transparency. Screen grid erosion contributes generally to rises in vertical bar V(ebs)vertical bar and grid ion transparency, but for the assumptions used herein, it appears to not have as much of an effect as chamfering or grid gap change. Overall, it is apparent that accelerator grid chamfering, grid gap change, and screen grid erosion are important to the increase in electron backstreaming observed during the NSTAR extended life test. C1 [Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Katz, Ira; Anderson, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. [Goebel, Dan M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Prop & Mat Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. RP Wirz, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza,Eng 4 46-147B, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM wirz@ucla.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.2514/1.46844 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 711EZ UT WOS:000286571200019 ER PT J AU Wirz, RE Anderson, JR Katz, I AF Wirz, Richard E. Anderson, John R. Katz, Ira TI Time-Dependent Erosion of Ion Optics SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB The accurate prediction of ion thruster life requires time-dependent erosion estimates for the ion optics assembly. Such information is critical to end-of-life mechanisms such as electron backstreaming. A two-dimensional ion optics code, CEX2D, was recently modified to handle time-dependent erosion, double ions, and multiple throttle conditions in a single run. The modified code is called CEX2D-t. Comparisons of CEX2D-t results with the NASA solar electric propulsion technology application readiness (NSTAR) thruster life demonstration test and extended life test results show good agreement for both screen and acceleration grid erosion, including important erosion features such as chamfering of the downstream end of the accelerator grid and reduced rate of accelerator grid aperture enlargement with time. The influence of double ions on grid erosion proved to be important for simulating the erosion observed during the NSTAR life demonstration test and extended life test. C1 [Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Anderson, John R.; Katz, Ira] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Group, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. RP Wirz, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza,Eng 4 46-147B, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM wirz@ucla.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.2514/1.46845 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 711EZ UT WOS:000286571200020 ER PT J AU Howard, AM Jones, BM Serrano, N AF Howard, Ayanna M. Jones, Brandon M. Serrano, Navid TI Integrated Sensing for Entry, Descent, and Landing of a Robotic Spacecraft SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB We present an integrated sensing approach for enabling autonomous landing of a robotic spacecraft on a hazardous terrain surface; this approach is active during the spacecraft descent profile. The methodology incorporates an image transformation algorithm to interpret temporal imagery land data, perform real-time detection and avoidance of terrain hazards that may impede safe landing, and increase the accuracy of landing at a desired site of interest using landmark localization techniques. By integrating a linguistic rule-based engine with linear algebra and computer vision techniques, the approach suitably addresses inherent uncertainty in the hazard assessment process while ensuring computational simplicity for real-time implementation during spacecraft descent. The proposed approach is able to identify new hazards as they emerge and also remember the locations of past hazards that might impede spacecraft landing. We provide details of the methodology in this paper and present simulation results of the approach applied to a representative Mars landing descent profile. C1 [Howard, Ayanna M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Human Automat Syst Lab, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Jones, Brandon M.] Boeing Satellite Dev Ctr, El Segundo, CA USA. [Serrano, Navid] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Howard, AM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Human Automat Syst Lab, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM ayanna.howard@ece.gatech.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705676 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YO UT WOS:000286931800022 ER PT J AU Lee, S Loth, E Georgiadis, NJ DeBonis, JR AF Lee, S. Loth, E. Georgiadis, N. J. DeBonis, J. R. TI Effect of Mach Number on Flow Past Microramps SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 22-25, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX SP AIAA ID SUPERSONIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION AB Micro vortex generators have the ability to alter the near-wall structure of compressible turbulent boundary layers to provide increased mixing of high-speed fluid, such that the boundary layer remains healthy even with some disturbance imparted to the flow. Because of their small size, micro vortex generators are embedded in the boundary layer and may provide reduced drag when compared with traditional vortex generators. To examine their potential, a detailed computational study was undertaken of microramps with a height of h similar to 0.5 delta in a supersonic boundary layer at M = 1.4, 2.2, and 3.0. The large eddy simulation results indicate that microramps have a greater impact at lower Mach number near the device, but this influence decays faster than at the higher Mach numbers. This may be due to the additional dissipation caused by the primary vortices with smaller effective diameter at the lower Mach number, such that their coherency is easily lost, causing the streamwise vorticity and the turbulent kinetic energy to decay quickly. The normal distance between the vortex core and the wall had similar growth, indicating weak correlation with the Mach number; however, the spanwise distance between the two counter-rotating cores further increases with lower Mach number. C1 [Lee, S.; Loth, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Georgiadis, N. J.; DeBonis, J. R.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Lee, Sang/F-4023-2012; Loth, Eric/C-5805-2008 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.2514/1.J050267 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707RT UT WOS:000286304400007 ER PT J AU Goldberg, RK Blinzler, BJ Binienda, WK AF Goldberg, Robert K. Blinzler, Brina J. Binienda, Wieslaw K. TI Investigation of a Macromechanical Approach to Analyzing Triaxially-Braided Polymer Composites SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Orlando, FL ID TEXTILE COMPOSITES; MODEL AB A macro-level finite element-based model has been developed to simulate the mechanical and impact response of triaxially-braided polymer matrix composites. In the analytical model, the triaxial-braid architecture is simulated by using four parallel shell elements, each of which is modeled as a laminated composite. The commercial transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA is used to conduct the simulations, and a continuum damage mechanics model internal to LS-DYNA is used as the material constitutive model. The material stiffness and strength values required for the constitutive model are determined based on coupon-level tests on the braided composite. Simulations of quasi-static coupon tests of a representative braided composite are conducted. Varying the strength values that are input to the material model is found to have a significant influence on the effective material response predicted by the finite element analysis, sometimes in ways that at first glance appear nonintuitive. A parametric study involving the input strength parameters provides guidance on how the analysis model can be improved. C1 [Goldberg, Robert K.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Mech & Life Predict Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Blinzler, Brina J.; Binienda, Wieslaw K.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Goldberg, RK (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Mech & Life Predict Branch, Mail Stop 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.2514/1.J050675 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707RT UT WOS:000286304400017 ER PT J AU Miller, SAE Veltin, J AF Miller, Steven A. E. Veltin, Jeremy TI Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Properties of Supersonic Helium-Air Jets SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 04-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID MIXTURE JETS; TEMPERATURE; NOISE; SHOCK AB Heated-high-speed subsonic and supersonic jets operating on- or off-design are a source of noise that is not yet fully understood. Helium air mixtures can be used to simulate the total temperature ratio of heated jets and hence have the potential to provide inexpensive and reliable flow and acoustic measurements. Accurate knowledge of the mean flow is a crucial initial step for a complete understanding of the noise generation mechanisms. This study focuses on providing close comparisons between measured mean flow properties of helium air mixture jets and results from simulations of similar mixed jets as well as heated air jets. Axisymmetric supersonic jets issuing from convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles are investigated, and the results show good agreement with heated air jet measurements. The flow properties are examined in detail to demonstrate the validity of simulating heat with the addition of helium. Excellent agreement is obtained in the presented data between the numerical predictions and the experiments, further justifying the helium addition methodology, as well as validating the frozen chemistry model used in the numerical simulations. C1 [Miller, Steven A. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroacoust Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Veltin, Jeremy] Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Miller, SAE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroacoust Branch, 2 N Dryden St,Mail Stop 461, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM s.miller@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.2514/1.J050720 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707RT UT WOS:000286304400019 ER PT J AU Varnai, T Marshak, A AF Varnai, Tamas Marshak, Alexander TI Global CALIPSO Observations of Aerosol Changes Near Clouds SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; cloud; Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO); lidar; satellite ID VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; MODIS AB Several recent studies have found that clouds are surrounded by a transition zone of rapidly changing aerosol optical properties and particle size. Characterizing this transition zone is important for better understanding aerosol-cloud interactions and aerosol radiative effects, and also for improving satellite retrievals of aerosol properties. This letter presents a statistical analysis of a monthlong global data set of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar observations over oceans. The results show that the transition zone is ubiquitous over all oceans and extends up to 15 km away from clouds. They also show that near-cloud enhancements in backscatter and particle size are strongest at low altitudes, slightly below the top of the nearest clouds. Also, the enhancements are similar near illuminated and shadowy cloud sides, which confirms that the asymmetry of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer reflectances found in an earlier study comes from 3-D radiative processes and not from differences in aerosol properties. Finally, the effects of CALIPSO aerosol detection and cloud identification uncertainties are discussed. The findings underline the importance of accounting for the transition zone to avoid potential biases in studies of satellite aerosol products, aerosol-cloud interactions, and aerosol direct radiative effects. C1 [Varnai, Tamas] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Varnai, Tamas; Marshak, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Varnai, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM tamas.varnai@nasa.gov; Alexander.marshak@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Manuscript received January 20, 2010; revised March 8, 2010; accepted March 29, 2010. Date of publication June 21, 2010; date of current version December 27, 2010. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2049982 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701SP UT WOS:000285844000005 ER PT J AU Hou, TH Baughman, JM Zimmerman, TJ Sutter, JK Gardner, JM AF Hou, Tan-Hung Baughman, James M. Zimmerman, Thomas J. Sutter, James K. Gardner, John M. TI Evaluation of Sandwich Structure Bonding in Out-Of-Autoclave (OOA) Processing SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES AB The out-of autoclave-vacuum bag-only (OOA VBO) process is low in capital expenditures compared to the traditional autoclave, however, the material challenges for OOA-VBO workable material systems are high Presently there are few such aerospace grade prepreg materials available commercially In this study, we evaluated processing and properties of honeycomb sandwich structure (HC/SS) panels fabricated by co-curing composite face sheet with adhesives by the OOA-VBO process in an oven The prepreg materials were IM7/MTM 45-1 and T40 800B/5320 Adhesives studied were AF-555M, XMTA 241/PM15, FM-309 1M and FM-300K Aluminum H/C cores with and without perforations were included It was found that adhesives in IM7/MTM 45-1/AF 555M, T40-800B/5320/FM 309 1M and T40-800B/5320/FM-300K panels all foamed but yielded high flatwise tensile (FWT) strength values above 8,275 kPA (1,200 psi) IM7/MTM 45-1/XMTA-241/PM15 did not foam, yet yielded a low FWT strength SEM photomicrographs revealed that the origin of this low strength was poor adhesion in the interfaces between the adhesive and face sheet composite due to poor wetting associated with the high initial viscosity of the XMTA 241/PM15 adhesive C1 [Hou, Tan-Hung] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Baughman, James M.] Lockheed Martin Engn & Serv Co, Hampton, VA USA. [Zimmerman, Thomas J.] BG Smith & Associates Jacobs, Huntsville, AL USA. [Sutter, James K.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Gardner, John M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Hou, TH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 699YZ UT WOS:000285700600004 ER PT B AU Crockett, CJ Mahmud, N Prato, L Johns-Krull, CM Hartigan, P Jaffe, DT Beichman, CA AF Crockett, Christopher J. Mahmud, Naved Prato, Lisa Johns-Krull, Christopher M. Hartigan, Patrick Jaffe, Daniel T. Beichman, Charles A. BE JohnsKrull, CMJ Browning, MK West, AA TI Finding the Youngest Planets SO 16TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY AUG 28-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Astrobiol Inst, European Space Agcy, Astrophys Res Consortium/Apache Point Observ, Univ Washington Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Washington Dept Astron HO Univ Washington ID CLASSICAL T-TAURI; STELLAR ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; STARS; VARIABILITY; ACCRETION; SEARCH; EVOLUTION; JUPITER AB We are conducting a multiwavelength radial velocity (RV) survey of the Taurus-Auriga low-mass star forming region. The goal of this survey is to characterize the hot Jupiter population around a sample of 1-3 Myr old classical and weak-lined T Tauri stars. Given the young ages of these targets, a positive detection will help identify the planet formation timescale. The presence of large, cool star spots makes this a challenging environment in which to conduct an RV survey. To distinguish between spot-induced RV variability and true companions, we observe all of our targets in both visible light and K band: spot-induced RV variability exhibits a wavelength dependence that companion-induced variability does not. We present details on our methodology and analysis of several planet candidate targets. C1 [Crockett, Christopher J.; Prato, Lisa] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Crockett, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Prato, Lisa; Johns-Krull, Christopher M.; Hartigan, Patrick] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Beichman, Charles A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Beichman, Charles A.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Crockett, CJ (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. FU NASA [05-SSO05-86, 07-SSO07-86]; NSF FX The authors acknowledge the SIM Young Planets Key Project for research support; funding was also provided by NASA Origins Grants 05-SSO05-86 and 07-SSO07-86. This work made use of the SIMBAD database, the NASA Astrophysics Data System, and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and IPAC/Caltech, funded by NASA and the NSF. We recognize the significant cultural role thatMauna Kea plays in the indigenous Hawaiian community and are grateful for the opportunity to observe there. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-776-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 448 BP 53 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAK14 UT WOS:000304381600006 ER PT B AU Osten, RA Godet, O Drake, S Tueller, J Cummings, J Krimm, H Pye, J Pal'shin, V Golenetskii, S Reale, F Oates, SR Page, MJ Melandri, A AF Osten, Rachel A. Godet, Olivier Drake, Stephen Tueller, Jack Cummings, Jay Krimm, Hans Pye, John Pal'shin, Valentin Golenetskii, Sergei Reale, Fabio Oates, Samantha R. Page, Mat J. Melandri, Andrea BE JohnsKrull, CMJ Browning, MK West, AA TI The Mouse that Roared: A SuperFlare from the dMe Flare Star EV Lac Detected by Swift and Konus-Wind SO 16TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY AUG 28-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Astrobiol Inst, European Space Agcy, Astrophys Res Consortium/Apache Point Observ, Univ Washington Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Washington Dept Astron HO Univ Washington ID RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS; K-ALPHA EMISSION; X-RAY; SOLAR-FLARES; EV-LACERTAE; ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION AB We report on a large stellar flare from the nearby dMe flare star EV Lac observed by the Swift and Konus-Wind satellites and the Liverpool Telescope. It is the first large stellar flare from a dMe flare star to result in a Swift trigger based on its hard X-ray intensity. Its peak f(X) from 0.3-100 keV of 5.3x10(-8) erg cm(-2) s(-1) is nearly 7000 times larger than the star's quiescent coronal flux, and the change in magnitude in the white filter is >= 4.7. This flare also caused a transient increase in EV Lac's bolometric luminosity (L-bol) during the early stages of the flare, with a peak estimated L-X/L-bol similar to 3.1. We apply flare loop hydrodynamic modeling to the plasma parameter temporal changes to derive a loop semi-length of l/R-* = 0.37 +/- 0.07. The soft X-ray spectrum of the flare reveals evidence of iron K alpha emission at 6.4 keV. We model the K alpha emission as fluorescence from the hot flare source irradiating the photospheric iron, and derive loop heights of h/R-* =0.1, consistent within factors of a few with the heights inferred from hydrodynamic modeling. The Ka emission feature shows variability on time scales of similar to 200 s which is difficult to interpret using the pure fluorescence hypothesis. We examine K alpha emission produced by collisional ionization from accelerated particles, and find parameter values for the spectrum of accelerated particles which can accommodate the increased amount of K alpha flux and the lack of observed nonthermal emission in the 20-50 keV spectral region. C1 [Osten, Rachel A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Godet, Olivier] Univ Toulouse 1, CESR, UPS, F-31028 Toulouse 9, France. [Drake, Stephen; Tueller, Jack; Cummings, Jay; Krimm, Hans] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pye, John] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Pal'shin, Valentin; Golenetskii, Sergei] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Lab Expt Astrophys, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Reale, Fabio] Univ Palermo, Lip Sci Fis & Astron Sez Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Oates, Samantha R.; Page, Mat J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Osten, RA (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015 FU Russian Space Agency contract and RFBR [09-02-00166a] FX This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. The Konus-Wind experiment is supported by a Russian Space Agency contract and RFBR grant 09-02-00166a.We thank the Swift team for the ToO on Swift ~1 year after the flare to determine the quiescent level of EV Lac in several UVOT filters. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-776-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 448 BP 293 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAK14 UT WOS:000304381600030 ER PT S AU Panangadan, A Talukder, A AF Panangadan, Anand Talukder, Ashit GP IEEE TI Interleaving Wavelet Coefficients for Adaptive Data Transmission from Pervasive Sensing Systems SO 2011 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (ICCCN) SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, U. S. Nat Sci Fdn (NSF), QUALCOMM, Microsoft Res, Eic ID MODELS AB The paper describes a method for adaptive transmission of data over error-prone wireless links and suited to the limitations of embedded pervasive sensing systems. The technique performs a multiresolution wavelet transform on the data followed by interleaving the resulting coefficients among the transmitted packets. The interleaving scheme is designed to facilitate estimation of coefficients lost during transmission by minimizing the correlation between elements in one packet. A correlation model between detail coefficients obtained from a wavelet transform of Gauss-Markov processes is used to estimate the optimal distribution of coefficients to packets. The interleaving ensures that packet loss results in noncontiguous "gaps" in the reconstructed wavelet tree. The original data is reconstructed by polynomial interpolation of the missing coefficients from correlated neighboring coefficient. We present simulation results that show the performance of our scheme on both real-world and simulated datasets. C1 [Panangadan, Anand] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Saban Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 92007 USA. [Talukder, Ashit] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. RP Panangadan, A (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Saban Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 92007 USA. EM APanangadan@chla.usc.edu; Ashit.Talulder@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [N01AA33004] FX This work has been sponsored in whole with federal funds from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under Contract no. N01AA33004. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4577-0638-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2011 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYL72 UT WOS:000299260700097 ER PT S AU Balasubramanian, D Pap, G Nine, H Karsai, G Lowry, M Pasareanu, C Pressburger, T AF Balasubramanian, Daniel Pap, Gabor Nine, Harmon Karsai, Gabor Lowry, Michael Pasareanu, Corina Pressburger, Tom GP IEEE TI Rapid Property Specification and Checking for Model-Based Formalisms SO 2011 22ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING (RSP) SE IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP) CY MAY 24-27, 2011 CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT) AB In model-based development, verification techniques can be used to check whether an abstract model satisfies a set of properties. Ideally, implementation code generated from these models can also be verified against similar properties. However, the distance between the property specification languages and the implementation makes verifying such generated code difficult. Optimizations and renamings can blur the correspondence between the two, further increasing the difficulty of specifying verification properties on the generated code. This paper describes methods for specifying verification properties on abstract models that are then checked on implementation level code. These properties are translated by an extended code generator into implementation code and special annotations that are used by a software model checker. C1 [Balasubramanian, Daniel; Pap, Gabor; Nine, Harmon; Karsai, Gabor] Vanderbilt Univ, ISIS, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Lowry, Michael; Pasareanu, Corina; Pressburger, Tom] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Balasubramanian, D (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, ISIS, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM daniel.a.balasubramanian@vanderbilt.edu; gabor.pap@vanderbilt.edu; harmon.s.nine@vanderbilt.edu; gabor.karsai@vanderbilt.edu; michael.r.lowry@nasa.gov; corina.s.pasareanu@nasa.gov; tom.pressburger@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX09AV58A] FX The work described in this paper has been supported by NASA under Cooperative Agreement NNX09AV58A. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would also like to thank Michael Whalen for valuable discussions and feedback. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 978-1-4577-0660-8 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2011 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYK26 UT WOS:000299097100018 ER PT S AU Boussaha, F Kawamura, J Stern, J Skalare, A White, V Jung, C Mehdi, I AF Boussaha, F. Kawamura, J. Stern, J. Skalare, A. White, V. Jung, C. Mehdi, I. BE Koch, M TI Development of Waveguide Balanced HEB Receivers beyond 2 THz SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We are developing balanced waveguide-based receivers operating at THz frequencies for astronomical applications. The receivers are based on NbN HEB mixers and quadrature hybrid coupler. Beyond 1.5 THz, the realization, among others, of waveguides by conventional machining fabrication techniques becomes complicated and innovative techniques such as gold-plating and Silicon micromachining technologies are used. As first step, we already developed a very sensitive single waveguide-based HEB mixer operating around 2.7 THz using the gold-plating technique. C1 [Boussaha, F.; Kawamura, J.; Stern, J.; Skalare, A.; White, V.; Jung, C.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Boussaha, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300083 ER PT S AU Jung, C Lee, C Chattopadhyay, G Siles, J Reck, T Lin, R Cooper, K Mehdi, I AF Jung, C. Lee, C. Chattopadhyay, G. Siles, J. Reck, T. Lin, R. Cooper, K. Mehdi, I. BE Koch, M TI Silicon Nanofabrication Technologies for compact integrated receivers working at THz frequencies SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB Silicon nanofabrication technologies provide precise dimensional control and batch processing capability. These features have been exploited to enable novel active and passive components in the submillimeter-wave region. We report on silicon micromachined methodologies that will enable large format submillimeter-wave heterodyne arrays and 3-D integration of the whole receiver front-end. C1 [Jung, C.; Lee, C.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Siles, J.; Reck, T.; Lin, R.; Cooper, K.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jung, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300014 ER PT S AU Lee, C Llombart, N Jung, C Chattopadhyay, G Mehdi, I AF Lee, Choonsup Llombart, Nuria Jung, Cecile Chattopadhyay, Goutam Mehdi, I. BE Koch, M TI Silicon Micromachined Microlens Array for THz Antenna SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We have developed a 5 x 5 silicon microlens array using silicon micromachining technique for silicon based THz antenna array. The feature of silicon micromachining technique enables one to microfabricate unlimited number of microlens arrays at one time with good uniformity on a silicon wafer. This technique will resolve one of the key issues in building THz camera which is to integrate antennas in detector array. C1 [Lee, Choonsup; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300103 ER PT S AU Patre, P Joshi, SM AF Patre, Parag Joshi, Suresh M. GP IEEE TI Decentralized Adaptive Control of Systems with Uncertain Interconnections, Plant-Model Mismatch and Actuator Failures SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol AB Decentralized adaptive control is considered for systems consisting of multiple interconnected subsystems. It is assumed that each subsystem's parameters are uncertain and the interconnection parameters are not known. In addition, mismatch can exist between each subsystem and its reference model. A strictly decentralized adaptive control scheme is developed, wherein each subsystem has access only to its own state but has the knowledge of all reference model states. The mismatch is estimated online for each subsystem and the mismatch estimates are used to adaptively modify the corresponding reference models. The adaptive control scheme is extended to the case with actuator failures in addition to mismatch. C1 [Patre, Parag; Joshi, Suresh M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Patre, P (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM parag.patre@nasa.gov; suresh.m.joshi@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 4201 EP 4206 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376005020 ER PT S AU Acikmese, B Mandic, M AF Acikmese, Behcet Mandic, Milan GP IEEE TI Decentralized Observer with a Consensus Filter for Distributed Discrete-Time Linear Systems SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; AGENTS AB This paper presents a decentralized observer with a consensus filter for the state observation of a discrete-time linear distributed systems. In this setup, each agent in the distributed system has an observer with a model of the plant that utilizes the set of locally available measurements, which may not make the full plant state detectable. This lack of detectability is overcome by utilizing a consensus filter that blends the state estimate of each agent with its neighbors' estimates. We assume that the communication graph is connected for all times as well as the sensing graph. It is proven that the state estimates of the proposed observer asymptotically converge to the actual plant states under arbitrarily changing, but connected, communication and sensing topologies. As a byproduct of this research, we also obtained a result on the location of eigenvalues, the spectrum, of the Laplacian for a family of graphs with self-loops. C1 [Acikmese, Behcet] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control Anal Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Acikmese, Behcet; Mandic, Milan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Acikmese, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control Anal Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM behcet@jpl.nasa.gov; mandicm@ucla.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 4723 EP 4730 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376005105 ER PT S AU Guerra, L Fowler, WT Brennan, MJ AF Guerra, Lisa Fowler, Wallace T. Brennan, Martin James GP ASEE TI AC 2011-1009: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND SPACECRAFT SUBSYSTEMS MODELING AS PREREQUISITES FOR CAPSTONE DESIGN SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB A NASA project to improve university design education curricula has resulted in the addition of an undergraduate introduction to systems engineering and a spacecraft subsystems modeling laboratory as prerequisites to the capstone spacecraft/mission design course in aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. The systems engineering course materials, created by the second author, are based on NASA systems engineering practices and available in the public domain on the internet (http://spacese.spacegrant.org). The current paper summarizes the content of the systems engineering course, as well as a companion lab on modeling spacecraft subsystems, and focuses on the positive effects of introducing systems engineering prior to the capstone design course. The student designs since the introduction of the systems engineering prerequisite have been more complete, better conceived, better documented, and much more professional than before. The student design team leadership has functioned more effectively and student oral presentations have been markedly improved. The effects of the systems engineering introduction are most apparent in the final written design reports. Summary information from an example student report is included here and the full report is available. C1 [Guerra, Lisa] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Fowler, Wallace T.] Univ Texas Austin, Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Brennan, Martin James] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Guerra, L (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CH UT WOS:000378523001023 ER PT S AU Nagchaudhuri, A Yilmaz, E Daughtry, C Bland, G Mitra, M AF Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit Yilmaz, Emin Daughtry, Craig Bland, Geoffrey Mitra, Madhumi GP ASEE TI ACTIVE LEARNING PROJECTS IN A MINORITY SERVING LAND GRANT UNIVERSITY ADDRESS ENGINEERING CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB This paper provides an overview of student activities during 2010 summer and beyond in projects titled Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing for Precision Agriculture and Environmental Stewardship (AIRSPACES) and Environmentally Conscious Precision Agriculture: A Platform for Active Learning and Community Engagement led by the primary author. The paper highlights the kite aerial photography (KAP), remote controlled/autonomous instrumented boat (Aquabot), and optical sensor based nitrogen management efforts. Kite Aerial Photography (KAP), and the Remote Controlled Boat (Aquabot) endeavors were inspired by the remote sensing and environmental run-off monitoring facets of the ongoing "Precision Agriculture (PA)" project. The KAP and Aquabot projects were initiated by the NASA support for the Minority Serving Institute Partnership (MSIP) program in 2009 summer. Sustained involvement of students to address engineering challenges for sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship has been facilitated by continued support from Maryland Space Grant Consortium/NASA and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The faculty and staff from programs in Natural Sciences, Agriculture, Aviation Sciences, Engineering, and Technology have partnered effectively in these multi-disciplinary undertakings. Active collaborations and campus visits of scientists and engineers at the USDA and NASA have not only promoted project goals, but also opened pathways for career opportunities and professional development for participating students and faculty respectively. C1 [Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Engn & Aviat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Yilmaz, Emin] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Engn Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Daughtry, Craig; Bland, Geoffrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mitra, Madhumi] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Nagchaudhuri, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Engn & Aviat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520702036 ER PT S AU Schmidt, PL Zalewski, J Murphy, GA Morris, TH Carmen, CL van Susante, PJ AF Schmidt, Peter L. Zalewski, Janusz Murphy, Gloria A. Morris, Thomas H. Carmen, Christina L. van Susante, Paul J. GP ASEE TI AC 2011-1537: CASE STUDIES IN APPLICATION OF SYSTEM ENGINEERING PRACTICES TO CAPSTONE PROJECTS SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB The Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sponsors a faculty fellowship program that engages researchers with interests aligned with current ESMD development programs. The faculty members are committed to run a capstone senior design project based on the materials and experience gained during the fellowship. For the 2010 - 2011 academic year, 5 projects were approved. These projects are in the areas of mechanical and electrical hardware design and optimization, fault prediction and extra planetary civil site preparation. This work summarizes the projects, describes the student teams performing the work, and comments on the integration of Systems Engineering principles into the projects, as well as the affected course curriculums. C1 [Schmidt, Peter L.] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Zalewski, Janusz] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Comp Sci, Ft Myers, FL USA. [Murphy, Gloria A.] NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr KSC, Explorat Syst Mission Directorate ESMD Space Gran, Merritt Isl, FL USA. [Murphy, Gloria A.] NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr KSC, Lunabot Min Competit, Merritt Isl, FL USA. [Morris, Thomas H.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Morris, Thomas H.] Mississippi State Univ, CIPC, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Morris, Thomas H.] Mississippi State Univ, CCSR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Carmen, Christina L.] Univ Alabama, Mech & Aerosp Engn MAE Dept, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [van Susante, Paul J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schmidt, PL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 23 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520705069 ER PT S AU Schoephoerster, RT Wicker, R Pineda, R Choudhuri, A AF Schoephoerster, Richard T. Wicker, Ryan Pineda, Ricardo Choudhuri, Ahsan GP ASEE TI Integrating Professional Practice into the Engineering Curriculum: A Proposed Model and Prototype Case with an Industry Partner SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB We present a case for a dramatic shift in the university-industry relationship for engineering programs, following recommendations from two 2008 reports on the future of engineering education. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching report(1) Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field established the "imperative for teaching for professional practice" in engineering education by providing the "engineering equivalent of the clinical dimension of medical preparation" that includes a "place to explore professional practice", not unlike the clinical sites utilized for the preparation of physicians. Dr. James Duderstadt's report(2) Engineering for a Changing World recommends the establishment of "graduate professional schools of engineering that would offer practice-based degrees at the post-baccalaureate level as the entry degree into the engineering profession," again using the training of physicians as an appropriate model. He also recommends the formation of "Discovery-Innovation Institutes," academia-industry-government partnerships for engineering, a cross between academic medical centers where education, research, and practice are synergistically united within one unit, and corporate R&D laboratories that link fundamental discoveries to innovative products and services through applied research. C1 [Schoephoerster, Richard T.] Univ Texas El Paso, Coll Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Wicker, Ryan] Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Wicker, Ryan] Univ Texas El Paso, WM Keck Ctr Innovat 3D, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Pineda, Ricardo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Choudhuri, Ahsan] Univ Texas El Paso, NASA, Ctr Space Explorat & Technol Res, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Schoephoerster, RT (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Coll Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CG UT WOS:000378522703012 ER PT S AU Franz, KJ Frez, C Chen, JF Qiu, YM Freilich, DV Shterengas, L Belenky, GL Forouhar, S AF Franz, Kale J. Frez, Clifford Chen, Jianfeng Qiu, Yueming Freilich, Daniel V. Shterengas, Leon Belenky, Gregory L. Forouhar, Siamak GP IEEE TI GaSb-based high-power single-spatial-mode lasers at 2.0 mu m SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report single spatial mode diode lasers operating near 2.05 mu m with room-temperature continuous-wave output power exceeding 100 mW. At 20 degrees C, threshold currents were near 25 mA (320 A/cm(2)). C1 [Franz, Kale J.; Frez, Clifford; Qiu, Yueming; Freilich, Daniel V.; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chen, Jianfeng; Shterengas, Leon; Belenky, Gregory L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Franz, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kale.franz@jpl.nasa.gov FU Research and Technology Development Program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was sponsored by the Research and Technology Development Program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402011 ER PT S AU Jiang, Y Li, D Lin, XM Ding, YJJ Wang, L Zotova, IB Prasad, NS AF Jiang, Yi Li, Da Lin, Xiaomu Ding, Yujie J. Wang, Lei Zotova, Ioulia B. Prasad, Narasimha S. GP IEEE TI Enhancement on Surface-Emitting Second-Harmonic Generation by Counter-Propagating Fundamental Beams in LiNbO3 Channel Waveguide by Seven Orders of Magnitude SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID GEOMETRY AB By coupling two counter-propagating fundamental beams into a LiNbO3 channel waveguide, we have generated a strong surface-emitting second-harmonic beam, with normalized conversion efficiency being enhanced by seven orders of magnitude. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Jiang, Yi; Li, Da; Lin, Xiaomu; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Wang, Lei] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Centre Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401066 ER PT S AU Krainak, MA Lu, W Yang, GN Sun, XL Sykora, D Jurkovic, M Aebi, V Costello, K Burns, R AF Krainak, Michael A. Lu, Wei Yang, Guangning Sun, Xiaoli Sykora, Derek Jurkovic, Mike Aebi, Verle Costello, Ken Burns, Richard GP IEEE TI Low-Timing-Jitter Near-Infrared Single-Photon-Sensitive 16-Channel Intensified-Photodiode Detector SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID HYBRID PHOTOMULTIPLIER AB We developed a 16-channel InGaAsP photocathode intensified-photodiode (IPD) detector with 78 ps (1-sigma) timing-jitter, < 500 ps FWHM impulse response, > 15% quantum efficiency at 1064 nm wavelength with 131 kcps dark counts at 15 C. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Lu, Wei; Yang, Guangning; Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sykora, Derek; Jurkovic, Mike; Aebi, Verle; Costello, Ken; Burns, Richard] Intevac Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401425 ER PT S AU Li, D Jiang, Y Ding, YJJ Ooi, BS Zotova, IB Prasad, NS AF Li, Da Jiang, Yi Ding, Yujie J. Ooi, Boon S. Zotova, Ioulia B. Prasad, Narasimha S. GP IEEE TI Single-Photon Detection in Near-Infrared Region Based on Frequency Upconversion in MgO-Doped Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguide SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID EFFICIENT AB MgO-doped periodically-poled LiNbO3 waveguide is used to up-convert photons at 1.535-1.568 mu m to those at 598-603 nm, which can be detected by avalanche photodetector at single-photon counting level. Conversion efficiencies up to 45% are achieved. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Da; Jiang, Yi; Ding, Yujie J.; Ooi, Boon S.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18094 USA. [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu RI Ooi, Boon/D-4370-2011 OI Ooi, Boon/0000-0001-9606-5578 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401063 ER PT S AU McGill, M Markus, T AF McGill, Matthew Markus, Thorsten GP IEEE TI ICESat-2 and the Importance of Space-Based Laser Altimetry Measurements SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB This presentation will summarize the motivation for space-based laser altimetry, the science requirements for ICESat-2, and the current concept for the ICESat-2 mission. ICESat-2 will employ a photon-counting measurement approach using a high-repetition rate laser in a multi-beam configuration. C1 [McGill, Matthew; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McGill, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matthew.j.mcgill@nasa.gov; thorsten.markus-1@nasa.gov RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400027 ER PT S AU Stysley, PR Coyle, DB Kay, RB Frederickson, R Poulios, D Blair, B Scott, S Arnold, E AF Stysley, Paul R. Coyle, D. Barry Kay, Richard B. Frederickson, Robert Poulios, Demetrios Blair, Bryan Scott, Stan Arnold, Ed GP IEEE TI Y Lifetest of the High Output Maximum Efficiency Resonator (HOMER) Laser for the SAFFIRE Instrument on NASA's DESDynI Project SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We update the status of a diode-pumped, Nd:YAG oscillator that is the prototype laser for NASA's DESDynI mission. After completing TRL-6 testing, this laser has fired over 5.5 billion shots in lifetesting. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Stysley, Paul R.; Coyle, D. Barry; Blair, Bryan; Scott, Stan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kay, Richard B.; Poulios, Demetrios] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Frederickson, Robert; Arnold, Ed] Sci Syst Applicat Inc,, Lanham, MD USA. RP Stysley, PR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM paul.stysley@nasa.gov RI Blair, James/D-3881-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403161 ER PT S AU Sun, XL Abshire, JB AF Sun, Xiaoli Abshire, James B. GP IEEE TI Signal to Noise Ratios of Pulsed and Sinewave Modulated Direct Detection Lidar for IPDA Measurements SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB The signal-to-noise ratios have been derived for IPDA lidar using a direct detection receiver for both pulsed and sinewave laser modulation techniques, and the results and laboratory measurements are presented. C1 [Sun, Xiaoli; Abshire, James B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM xiaoli.sun@nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402426 ER PT S AU Sun, XL Jester, PL Abshire, JB Chang, ES AF Sun, Xiaoli Jester, Peggy L. Abshire, James B. Chang, Edward S. GP IEEE TI Performance of the GLAS Space Lidar Receiver through its Seven-Year Space Mission SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report the receiver performance and key components' characteristics of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat after seven years in space as monitored during the mission and tests at the end of mission. C1 [Sun, Xiaoli; Jester, Peggy L.; Abshire, James B.; Chang, Edward S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694-614-690-428, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM xiaoli.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400028 ER PT S AU Wang, CC Trivedi, S Kutcher, S Rodriguez, P Jin, F Swaminathan, V Nagaraj, S Quoraishee, S Prasad, NS AF Wang, Chen-Chia Trivedi, Sudhir Kutcher, Susan Rodriguez, Ponciano Jin, Feng Swaminathan, V. Nagaraj, Sheela Quoraishee, Shafik Prasad, Narasimha S. GP IEEE TI Non-Contact Human Cardiac Activity Monitoring Using a High Sensitivity Pulsed Laser Vibrometer SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate the use of a high sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer to determine remotely the detailed, time-phased mechanical workings of various parts of the human heart. Results reported are validated by electrocardiography and accelerometer readings. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Chen-Chia; Trivedi, Sudhir; Kutcher, Susan; Rodriguez, Ponciano; Jin, Feng] Brimrose Corp Amer, 7720 Belair Rd, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. [Swaminathan, V.; Nagaraj, Sheela; Quoraishee, Shafik] US Army, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wang, CC (reprint author), Brimrose Corp Amer, 7720 Belair Rd, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. EM ccwang@Brimrose.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402148 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Harding, DJ Krainak, MA Abshire, JB Sun, XL Cavanaugh, JF Valett, SR Ramos-Izquierdo, LA AF Yu, Anthony W. Harding, David J. Krainak, Michael A. Abshire, James B. Sun, Xiaoli Cavanaugh, John F. Valett, Susan R. Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A. GP IEEE TI Development of an Airborne Lidar Surface Topography Simulator SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB In this paper we will discuss our development progress on a non-scanning, swath mapping laser altimetry system. This paper will discuss the system approach, enabling technologies and instrument concept for the swath mapping laser altimetry. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Harding, David J.; Krainak, Michael A.; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli; Cavanaugh, John F.; Valett, Susan R.; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@gmail.com RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400030 ER PT J AU Gowda, S Parsons, A Jarnot, R Werthimer, D AF Gowda, Suraj Parsons, Aaron Jarnot, Robert Werthimer, Dan BE Chow, P Wirthlin, M TI Automated Placement for Parallelized FPGA FFTs SO 2011 IEEE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES (FCCM) SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 19th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM) CY MAY 01-03, 2011 CL Campus Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, Microsoft Res, Xilinx, Altera, 4DSP, Algorithms Log (Algo-Logic), Atom Rules HO Campus Univ Utah AB We present an automated placement algorithm for a high-bandwidth, streaming fast Fourier transform (FFT) generated using an open-source core generator. For radio spectral line analysis, we generate a 2048-point FFT for a standard commercial FPGA high-bandwidth spectrometer, which can process 16 digital samples per cycle simultaneously (streaming). Our placement algorithm enables this system to operate at 375 MHz and process a 6 GHz sampling rate, nearly 85% of the theoretical maximum FPGA clock rate. This algorithm is a special case of the junction tree algorithm from machine learning, and allows our design to support a 25% faster clock than the standard Xilinx toolflow implementation while using 50% less CPU time to compile. This gain is equivalent to gains induced by floorplanning with no hand placement. C1 [Gowda, Suraj] Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parsons, Aaron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jarnot, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Werthimer, Dan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gowda, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sgowda@eecs.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation; SG; NASA's Space Grant; AP; AP is an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow FX We would like to thank Xilinx, Inc. for generous chip and software donations, and many collaborators including Mark Wagner (Berkeley), Terry Filiba (Berkeley), David George (MeerKAT), Dr. Paul Stek (JPL), and Dr. Sharmila Padmanabhan (JPL). We greatly appreciate funding from the National Science Foundation. SG was supported in part by NASAs Space Grant. AP is an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-4301-7 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2011 BP 206 EP 209 DI 10.1109/FCCM.2011.52 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYH00 UT WOS:000298664800036 ER PT S AU Celaya, JR Saxena, A Vashchenko, V Saha, S Goebel, K AF Celaya, Jose R. Saxena, Abhinav Vashchenko, Vladislav Saha, Sankalita Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Prognostics of Power MOSFET SO 2011 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ICS (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD) CY MAY 23-26, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Elect Device Soc (EDS), Inst Elect Engineers Japan (IEEJ), IEEE Power & Elect Soc AB This paper demonstrates how to apply prognostics to power MOSFETs (metal oxide field effect transistor). The methodology uses thermal cycling to age devices and Gaussian process regression to perform prognostics. The approach is validated with experiments on 100V power MOSFETs. The failure mechanism for the stress conditions is determined to be die-attachment degradation. Change in ON-state resistance is used as a precursor of failure due to its dependence on junction temperature. The experimental data is augmented with a finite element analysis simulation that is based on a two-transistor model. The simulation assists in the interpretation of the degradation phenomena and SOA (safe operation area) change. C1 [Celaya, Jose R.; Saxena, Abhinav] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Celaya, JR (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jose.r.celaya@nasa.gov; abhinav.saxena@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1943-653X BN 978-1-4244-8424-9 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2011 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWZ59 UT WOS:000295416300040 ER PT S AU Rowland, DE Collier, MR Sigwarth, JB Jones, SL Hill, JK Benson, R Choi, M Chornay, D Cooper, J Feng, S Gill, N Goodloe, C Han, L Hancock, H Hunsaker, F Jones, N Keller, JW Klenzing, J Kleyner, I Moore, T Ogilvie, K Pfaff, R Price, T Roman, J Rodruiguez, M Rozmarynowski, P Saulino, M Sheikh, S Simms, K Yew, A Young, E Joseph, K Boudreaux, M Casas, J Myre, CD Billy, S AF Rowland, Douglas E. Collier, Michael R. Sigwarth, John B. Jones, Sarah L. Hill, Joanne K. Benson, Robert Choi, Michael Chornay, Dennis Cooper, John Feng, Steven Gill, Nathaniel Goodloe, Colby Han, Lawrence Hancock, Holly Hunsaker, Floyd Jones, Noble Keller, John W. Klenzing, Jeffrey Kleyner, Igor Moore, Tom Ogilvie, Keith Pfaff, Robert Price, Tracy Roman, Joe Rodruiguez, Marcello Rozmarynowski, Paul Saulino, Mark Sheikh, Salman Simms, Ken Yew, Alvin Young, Eric Joseph, Kujawski Boudreaux, Mark Casas, Joseph Myre, C. D. R. David Billy, Smith GP IEEE TI Science of Opportunity: Heliophysics on the FASTSAT Mission and STP-S26 SO 2011 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2011 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SOLAR-WIND; NEUTRAL ATOMS; ION OUTFLOW; 1 AU; IMAGE; CUSP AB The FASTSAT spacecraft, which was launched on November 19, 2010 on the DoD STP-S26 mission, carries three instruments developed in joint collaboration by NASA GSFC and the US Naval Academy: PISA, TTI, and MINI-ME.(1,2) As part of a rapid-development, low-cost instrument design and fabrication program, these instruments were a perfect match for FASTSAT, which was designed and built in less than one year. These instruments, while independently developed, provide a collaborative view of important processes in the upper atmosphere relating to solar and energetic particle input, atmospheric response, and ion outflow. PISA measures in-situ irregularities in electron number density, TTI provides limb measurements of the atomic oxygen temperature profile with altitude, and MINI-ME provides a unique look at ion populations by a remote sensing technique involving neutral atom imaging. Together with other instruments and payloads on STP-S26 such as the NSF RAX mission, FalconSat-5, and NanoSail-D (launched as a tertiary payload from FASTSAT), these instruments provide a valuable "constellation of opportunity" for following the flow of energy and charged and neutral particles through the upper atmosphere. Together, and for a small fraction of the price of a major mission, these spacecraft will measure the energetic electrons impacting the upper atmosphere, the ions leaving it, and the large-scale plasma and neutral response to these energy inputs. The result will be a new model for maximizing scientific return from multiple small, distributed payloads as secondary payloads on a larger launch vehicle. C1 [Rowland, Douglas E.; Collier, Michael R.; Sigwarth, John B.; Jones, Sarah L.; Hill, Joanne K.; Benson, Robert; Choi, Michael; Chornay, Dennis; Cooper, John; Feng, Steven; Gill, Nathaniel; Goodloe, Colby; Han, Lawrence; Hancock, Holly; Hunsaker, Floyd; Jones, Noble; Keller, John W.; Klenzing, Jeffrey; Kleyner, Igor; Moore, Tom; Ogilvie, Keith; Pfaff, Robert; Price, Tracy; Roman, Joe; Rodruiguez, Marcello; Rozmarynowski, Paul; Saulino, Mark; Sheikh, Salman; Simms, Ken; Yew, Alvin; Young, Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Joseph, Kujawski] Siena Coll, Dept Phys, Loudonville, NY 92051 USA. [Boudreaux, Mark; Casas, Joseph] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Myre, C. D. R. David; Billy, Smith] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rowland, DE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Douglas.E.Rowland@nasa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013; Keller, John/I-5097-2013; Jones, Sarah/D-5293-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605; Jones, Sarah/0000-0002-3816-4954 FU NASA MSFC; NASA GSFC IRAD program; DoD Space Test Program; Space Experiments Review Board; US Naval Academy FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the technical support, leadership, and financial support of NASA MSFC, the NASA GSFC IRAD program, the DoD Space Test Program and Space Experiments Review Board, and the US Naval Academy. At USNA, in particular, we are grateful for the leadership of Prof. Billy Smith, who kicked off the effort to fly GSFC Heliophysics technology demonstration instruments on a low-cost satellite. In addition, we would like to gratefully acknowledge the leadership, grace, and dedication of two of our fallen team members, Dr. John Sigwarth, and Floyd Hunsaker, who both passed away in December, 2010. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-7351-9 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BXL11 UT WOS:000296277200014 ER PT S AU Rowland, DE Hill, J Uribe, P Klenzing, J Hunsaker, F Fowle, M Simms, K Hancock, H Saulino, M Guzman, D Willingham, A Weatherwax, A Kujawski, J McColgan, M Carroll, R Williams, J DeMatteo, J Ganel, O Naegeli, C Lutz, L Dailey, C AF Rowland, Douglas E. Hill, Joanne Uribe, Paulo Klenzing, Jeffrey Hunsaker, Floyd Fowle, Maxwell Simms, Ken Hancock, Holly Saulino, Mark Guzman, David Willingham, Allison Weatherwax, Allan Kujawski, Joseph McColgan, M. Carroll, Robert Williams, Jennifer DeMatteo, John Ganel, Opher Naegeli, Charles Lutz, Larry Dailey, Clark GP IEEE TI The NSF Firefly CubeSat Mission: Rideshare Mission to Study Energetic Electrons Produced by Lightning SO 2011 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2011 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The NSF Firefly CubeSat is a 3U mission designed to perform cutting-edge science, as a secondary payload(1,2). Firefly will be the first dedicated mission launched to study Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs), their link to lightning, and their effect in producing energetic electrons that may become stably trapped in the inner radiation belt. Firefly demonstrates the capability of small missions such as CubeSat to do important, focused science, with maximal student involvement, and with a minimal budget and available resources. This presentation will focus on the Firefly mission design, as well as important lessons learned in the development, testing, and design. Future developments in CubeSat-class spacecraft for measurements of energetic radiation will be discussed. C1 [Rowland, Douglas E.; Hill, Joanne; Uribe, Paulo; Klenzing, Jeffrey; Hunsaker, Floyd; Fowle, Maxwell; Simms, Ken; Hancock, Holly; Saulino, Mark; Guzman, David; Willingham, Allison] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Weatherwax, Allan; Kujawski, Joseph; McColgan, M.; Carroll, Robert; Williams, Jennifer; DeMatteo, John] Siena Coll, Dept Phys & Astronomy, Colonie, NY USA. [Ganel, Opher; Naegeli, Charles; Lutz, Larry; Dailey, Clark] Hawk Inst Space Sci, Pocomoke City, MD USA. RP Rowland, DE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Douglas.E.Rowland@nasa.gov RI Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012 OI Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-7351-9 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BXL11 UT WOS:000296277200010 ER PT S AU Agogino, A Rios, J AF Agogino, Adrian Rios, Joseph GP IEEE TI Robustness of Two Air Traffic Scheduling Approaches to Departure Uncertainty SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Agogino, Adrian] US Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rios, Joseph] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Agogino, A (reprint author), US Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NSF [CNS-0931591] FX This research was partially supported by NSF grant CNS-0931591. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002007 ER PT S AU Agogino, A Rios, J AF Agogino, Adrian Rios, Joseph GP IEEE TI ROBUSTNESS OF TWO AIR TRAFFIC SCHEDULING APPROACHES TO DEPARTURE UNCERTAINTY SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC ID FLOW MANAGEMENT AB Linear programming methods and non-linear, evolutionary algorithm-based optimization techniques have been shown to be effective in managing large-scale air traffic flow problems. However, many of these algorithms assume perfect knowledge therefore the robustness of these algorithms in the presence of uncertainties is questionable. Since real-world application of these methods require them to be effective under uncertainty (i.e. produce few unexpected capacity violations), it is critical that they are tested in such conditions. In this paper we test the effectiveness in the presence of uncertainty of a binary programming approach and a novel, fast-learning evolutionary algorithm. Specifically we change the assumed takeoff times on which these algorithms are trained, and test the resulting solutions when takeoff delays that are consistent with historical data are incorporated. Experimental results show that without uncertainty, both sets of algorithms are able to quickly produce solutions with few to no violations. In the presence of uncertainty, the performance of the algorithms degrade with respect to the amount of delay added, but are still very good. Even when uncertainty is extremely high, the expected delay is never increased more than 30%. C1 [Agogino, Adrian] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UCSC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rios, Joseph] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Agogino, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UCSC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NSF [CNS-0931591] FX This research was partially supported by NSF grant CNS-0931591. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000038 ER PT S AU Brasil, C Lee, P Mainini, M Homola, J Lee, H Prevot, T Smith, N AF Brasil, Connie Lee, Paul Mainini, Matthew Homola, Jeffery Lee, Hwasoo Prevot, Thomas Smith, Nancy GP IEEE TI TRAJECTORY ASSESSMENT AND MODIFICATION TOOLS FOR NEXT GENERATION AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB This paper reviews three Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) based high fidelity air traffic control human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations, with a focus on the expected requirement of enhanced automated trajectory assessment and modification tools to support future air traffic flow management (ATFM) planning positions. The simulations were conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center's Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) in 2009 and 2010. The test airspace for all three simulations assumed the mid-term NextGen En-Route high altitude environment utilizing high altitude sectors from the Kansas City and Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Centers. Trajectory assessment, modification and coordination decision support tools were developed at the AOL in order to perform future ATFM tasks. Overall tool usage results and user acceptability ratings were collected across three areas of NextGen operations to evaluate the tools. In addition to the usefulness and usability feedback, feasibility issues, benefits, and future requirements were also addressed. Overall, the tool sets were rated very useful and usable, and many elements of the tools received high scores and were used frequently and successfully. Tool utilization results in all three HITLs showed both user and system benefits including better airspace throughput, reduced controller workload, and highly effective communication protocols in both full Data Comm and mixed-equipage environments. C1 [Brasil, Connie; Lee, Paul; Mainini, Matthew; Homola, Jeffery; Lee, Hwasoo] San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Prevot, Thomas; Smith, Nancy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Brasil, C (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA. FU FAA's NextGen Airspace Project; MSP; FAM HITLs; NASA Airspace Systems Programs office FX The authors would like to thank the NASA Airspace Systems Programs office and the FAAs NextGen Airspace Project for funding the work on the MSP and FAM HITLs. Special thanks go to the MACS development team for making it all happen and the AOL simulation team for all their efforts. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000067 ER PT S AU Callantine, TJ Cabrall, C Kupfer, M Martin, L Mercer, J Palmer, EA AF Callantine, Todd J. Cabrall, Christopher Kupfer, Michael Martin, Lynne Mercer, Joey Palmer, Everett A. GP IEEE TI Investigating the Impact of Off-Nominal Events on High-Density 'Green' Arrivals SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Callantine, Todd J.; Cabrall, Christopher; Kupfer, Michael; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey] San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 95192 USA. [Palmer, Everett A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Callantine, TJ (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 95192 USA. FU NASA Airspace Systems Program Super Density Operations research focus area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate Principle Investigator) FX This research was supported by NASA Airspace Systems Program Super Density Operations research focus area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate Principle Investigator). NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002012 ER PT S AU Callantine, TJ Cabrall, C Kupfer, M Martin, L Mercer, J Palmer, EA AF Callantine, Todd J. Cabrall, Christopher Kupfer, Michael Martin, Lynne Mercer, Joey Palmer, Everett A. GP IEEE TI INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF OFF-NOMINAL EVENTS ON HIGH-DENSITY 'GREEN' ARRIVALS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Trajectory-based controller tools developed to support a schedule-based terminal-area air traffic management (ATM) concept have been shown effective for enabling 'green' arrivals along Area Navigation (RNAV) routes in moderately high-density traffic conditions. A recent human-in-theloop simulation investigated the robustness of the concept and tools to off-nominal events-events that lead to situations in which runway arrival schedules require adjustments and controllers can no longer use speed control alone to impose the necessary delays. Study participants included a terminal-area Traffic Management Supervisor responsible for adjusting the schedules. Sector-controller participants could issue alternate RNAV transition routes to absorb large delays. The study also included real-time winds/ wind-forecast changes. The results indicate that arrival spacing accuracy, schedule conformance, and tool usage and usefulness are similar to that observed in simulations of nominal operations. However, the time and effort required to recover from an off-nominal event is highly context-sensitive, and impacted by the required schedule adjustments and control methods available for managing the evolving situation. The research suggests ways to bolster the off-nominal recovery process, and highlights challenges related to using human-in-theloop simulation to investigate the safety and robustness of advanced ATM concepts. C1 [Callantine, Todd J.; Cabrall, Christopher; Kupfer, Michael; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey] San Jose State Univ NASA Ames, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Palmer, Everett A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Callantine, TJ (reprint author), San Jose State Univ NASA Ames, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM Todd.Callantine@nasa.gov FU NASA Airspace Systems Program Super Density Operations research focus area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate Principle Investigator) FX This research was supported by NASA Airspace Systems Program Super Density Operations research focus area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate Principle Investigator). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000043 ER PT B AU Consiglio, MC Chamberlain, JP Wilson, SR AF Consiglio, Maria C. Chamberlain, James P. Wilson, Sara R. GP IEEE TI INTEGRATION OF WEATHER AVOIDANCE AND TRAFFIC SEPARATION SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB This paper describes a dynamic convective weather avoidance concept that compensates for weather motion uncertainties; the integration of this weather avoidance concept into a prototype 4-D trajectory-based Airborne Separation Assurance System (ASAS) application; and test results from a batch (non-piloted) simulation of the integrated application with high traffic densities and a dynamic convective weather model. The weather model can simulate a number of pseudo-random hazardous weather patterns, such as slow- or fast-moving cells and opening or closing weather gaps, and also allows for modeling of onboard weather radar limitations in range and azimuth. The weather avoidance concept employs nested "core" and "avoid" polygons around convective weather cells, and the simulations assess the effectiveness of various avoid polygon sizes in the presence of different weather patterns, using traffic scenarios representing approximately two times the current traffic density in en-route airspace. Results from the simulation experiment show that the weather avoidance concept is effective over a wide range of weather patterns and cell speeds. Avoid polygons that are only 2-3 miles larger than their core polygons are sufficient to account for weather uncertainties in almost all cases, and traffic separation performance does not appear to degrade with the addition of weather polygon avoidance. Additional "lessons learned" from the batch simulation study are discussed in the paper, along with insights for improving the weather avoidance concept. C1 [Consiglio, Maria C.; Chamberlain, James P.; Wilson, Sara R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Consiglio, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000056 ER PT S AU Davies, MD Limes, G AF Davies, Misty D. Limes, Greg GP IEEE TI Finding System-Level Failures in Flight-Critical Software Systems SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Davies, Misty D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Limes, Greg] CraigTech Inc, Cape Canavera, FL USA. RP Davies, MD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957003046 ER PT S AU Davies, MD Limes, G AF Davies, Misty D. Limes, Greg GP IEEE TI FINDING SYSTEM-LEVEL FAILURES IN FLIGHT-CRITICAL SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB NextGen civil aviation capabilities depend heavily on systems-of-systems that interact to produce unexpected behavior. To validate system-level goals, the prototype software for the system needs to be coupled with high-fidelity physics simulations of the hardware and the environment. The associated state spaces are massive and contain nonlinear and stochastic elements (like weather models) that formal methods do not currently treat easily. Testing methods that use machine learning have been shown to aid in exploring such systems. In particular, blind source selection methods can aid in intelligently reducing the state space, and feature selection methods can be used to choose input space features leading to desired or undesired output space behavior. When the global state space is too large to solve explicitly, we can use machine learning and statistical techniques to build models of the system. These simpler models enable us to predict behavior in the high-fidelity simulation, then adaptively refine the models as we test our predictions. This paper uses model-based testing to exercise a new air traffic control concept. The concept is implemented in software that helps controllers detect and resolve short-term conflicts between aircraft in the terminal airspace. The rules that determine whether or not aircraft are sufficiently separated within 40 miles of the terminal depend on aircraft weight, the flight rules, the type of approach, and whether the aircraft is arriving or departing. We show that model-based testing automates the process of feature selection and state-space reduction, enabling the analyst to quickly validate expected behavior and explore anomalies. C1 [Davies, Misty D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Limes, Greg] CraigTech Inc, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Davies, MD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Misty.D.Davies@nasa.gov; Gregory.Limes@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001035 ER PT B AU Homola, J Martin, L Mercer, J Cabrall, C Prevot, T AF Homola, Jeffrey Martin, Lynne Mercer, Joey Cabrall, Christopher Prevot, Thomas GP IEEE TI ALLOCATION OF FUNCTIONS IN A FAR-TERM AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ENVIRONMENT SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Homola, Jeffrey; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey; Cabrall, Christopher; Prevot, Thomas] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Homola, J (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 34 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001074 ER PT S AU Homola, J Martin, L Mercer, J Cabrall, C Prevot, T AF Homola, Jeffrey Martin, Lynne Mercer, Joey Cabrall, Christopher Prevot, Thomas GP IEEE TI ALLOCATION OF FUNCTIONS IN A FAR-TERM AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ENVIRONMENT SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC ID AUTOMATION AB A human-in-the-loop exploration of a ground-based automated separation assurance concept was conducted that involved the allocation of certain functions between humans and automation. This exploration included operations that were sustained for prolonged periods of time with high levels of traffic in the presence of convective weather and scheduling constraints. In this environment, the automation was allocated the functions of detecting separation conflicts, resolving strategic and tactical conflicts, providing trajectory trial planning assistance, and alerting the controller to urgent problems. The controller was responsible for supervising the automation, resolving conflicts deferred by the automation, resolving convective weather conflicts, monitoring and maintaining schedule compliance, and placing free track aircraft back onto their trajectory. An investigation into the acceptability of these roles and performance of tasks was conducted where it was found that the participants rated the concept and allocation of functions with a high level of acceptability. However, issues were encountered with the automation related to the detection of and response to tactical conflicts. Lower ratings were given on account of these concerns, and it was found that a key contributor to the underlying problems was transitioning aircraft and the uncertainty of their trajectories. Stemming from those results, participants responded that they would rather have direct control over aircraft transitions as well as more control over the tactical conflict resolution automation. In contrast, participants responded that they would rather have the automation place aircraft back on trajectory, and perform weather avoidance and scheduling tasks. C1 [Homola, Jeffrey; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey; Cabrall, Christopher] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Prevot, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Homola, J (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000008 ER PT S AU Johnson, WW Brandt, SL Koteskey, R Lachter, J Dao, AQV Battiste, V Ligda, SV Lim, V Wu, SC AF Johnson, Walter W. Brandt, Summer L. Koteskey, Robert Lachter, Joel Dao, Arik-Quang V. Battiste, Vernol Ligda, Sarah V. Lim, Veranika Wu, Shu-Chieh GP IEEE TI An Examination of Selected Datacom Options for the Near-Term Implementation of Trajectory Based Operations SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Brandt, Summer L.; Koteskey, Robert; Lachter, Joel; Dao, Arik-Quang V.; Battiste, Vernol; Ligda, Sarah V.; Lim, Veranika; Wu, Shu-Chieh] San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Johnson, WW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002050 ER PT S AU Johnson, WW Lachter, J Battiste, V Lim, V Brandt, SL Koteskey, RW Dao, AQV Ligda, SV Wu, SC AF Johnson, Walter W. Lachter, Joel Battiste, Vernol Lim, Veranika Brandt, Summer L. Koteskey, Robert W. Dao, Arik-Quang V. Ligda, Sarah V. Wu, Shu-Chieh GP IEEE TI AN EXAMINATION OF SELECTED DATACOM OPTIONS FOR THE NEAR-TERM IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAJECTORY BASED OPERATIONS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB A primary feature of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is trajectory based operations (TBO). Under TBO, aircraft flight plans are known to computer systems on the ground that aid in scheduling and separation. The Future Air Navigation System (FANS) was developed to support TBO, but relatively few aircraft in the US are FANS-equipped. Thus, any near-term implementation must provide TBO procedures for non-FANS aircraft. Previous research has explored controller clearances, but any implementation must also provide procedures for aircraft requests. The work presented here aims to surface issues surrounding TBO communication procedures for non-FANS aircraft and for aircraft requesting deviations around weather. Three types of communication were explored: Voice, FANS, and ACARS,(Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System). ACARS and FANS are datacom systems that differ in that FANS allows uplinked flight plans to be loaded into the Flight Management System (FMS), while ACARS delivers flight plans as text that must be entered manually via the Control Display Unit (CDU). Sixteen pilots (eight two-person flight decks) and four controllers participated in 32 20-minute scenarios that required the flight decks to navigate through convective weather as they approached their top of descents (TODs). Findings: The rate of non-conformance was higher than anticipated, with aircraft off path more than 20% of the time. Controllers did not differentiate between the ACARS and FANS datacom, and were mixed in their preference for Voice vs. datacom (ACARS and FANS). Pilots uniformly preferred Voice to datacom, particularly ACARS. Much of their dislike appears to result from the slow response times in the datacom conditions. As a result, participants frequently resorted to voice communication. These results imply that, before implementing TBO in environments where pilots make weather deviation requests, further research is needed to develop communication procedures that integrate voice and datacom. C1 [Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lachter, Joel; Battiste, Vernol; Lim, Veranika; Brandt, Summer L.; Koteskey, Robert W.; Dao, Arik-Quang V.; Ligda, Sarah V.; Wu, Shu-Chieh] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Johnson, WW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000089 ER PT S AU Khan, Z Idris, H Consiglio, M Wing, D AF Khan, Zahra Idris, Husni Consiglio, Maria Wing, David GP IEEE TI SURVEILLANCE RANGE AND INTERFERENCE IMPACTS ON SELF-SEPARATION PERFORMANCE SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Self-separation is a concept of flight operations that aims to provide user benefits and increase airspace capacity by transferring traffic separation responsibility from ground-based controllers to the flight crew. Self-separation is enabled by cooperative airborne surveillance, such as that provided by the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system and airborne separation assistance technologies. This paper describes an assessment of the impact of ADS-B system performance on the performance of self-separation as a step towards establishing far-term ADS-B performance requirements. Specifically, the impacts of ADS-B surveillance range and interference limitations were analyzed under different traffic density levels. The analysis was performed using a batch simulation of aircraft performing self-separation assisted by NASA's Autonomous Operations Planner prototype flight-deck tool, in two-dimensional airspace. An aircraft detected conflicts within a look-ahead time of ten minutes and resolved them using strategic closed trajectories or tactical open maneuvers if the time to loss of separation was below a threshold. While a complex interaction was observed between the impacts of surveillance range and interference, as both factors are physically coupled, self-separation performance followed expected trends. An increase in surveillance range resulted in a decrease in the number of conflict detections, an increase in the average conflict detection lead time, and an increase in the percentage of conflict resolutions that were strategic. The majority of the benefit was observed when surveillance range was increased to a value corresponding to the conflict detection look-ahead time. The benefits were attenuated at higher interference levels. Increase in traffic density resulted in a significant increase in the number of conflict detections, as expected, but had no effect on the conflict detection lead time and the percentage of conflict resolutions that were strategic. With surveillance range corresponding to ADS-B minimum operational performance standards for Class A3 equipment and without background interference, a significant portion of conflict resolutions, 97 percent, were achieved in the preferred strategic mode. The majority of conflict resolutions, 71 percent, were strategic even with very high interference (over three times that expected in 2035). C1 [Khan, Zahra; Idris, Husni] Engility Corp, Billerica, MA USA. [Consiglio, Maria; Wing, David] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Khan, Z (reprint author), Engility Corp, Billerica, MA USA. EM zahra.khan@engilitycorp.com; husni.idris@engilitycorp.com; maria.c.consiglio@nasa.gov; david.wing@nasa.gov FU Engility Corporation and Ramamohana Gubbala from Raytheon Technical Services FX Software development support for this work was provided by Tarek El-Wakil from the Engility Corporation and Ramamohana Gubbala from Raytheon Technical Services. The authors would like to also acknowledge the NASA ATOL team for support in conducting the experiments. This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000092 ER PT S AU LaMarr, M Ho, N Johnson, W Battiste, V Martin, JBL AF LaMarr, Michael Ho, Nhut Johnson, Walter Battiste, Vernol Martin, Joe Biviano Lockheed GP IEEE TI Enhancing Pilot Ability to Perform CDA with Descriptive Waypoints SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [LaMarr, Michael; Ho, Nhut] Calif State Univ Northridge, Syst Engn Res Lab, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Johnson, Walter; Battiste, Vernol] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP LaMarr, M (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Syst Engn Res Lab, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 25 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957003029 ER PT S AU LaMarr, M Ho, N Johnson, W Battiste, V Biviano, J AF LaMarr, Michael Ho, Nhut Johnson, Walter Battiste, Vernol Biviano, Joe GP IEEE TI ENHANCING PILOT ABILITY TO PERFORM CDA WITH DESCRIPTIVE WAYPOINTS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Aircraft noise is a burden on people living around airports and is an impediment to the growth of air transportation. Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) is an approach that reduces noise impact on the ground by keeping the aircraft at a higher altitude longer than standard approaches and by keeping engines idle or near idle. However, CDA implementation requires controllers to add large separation buffers between aircraft because aircraft of different sizes and weights descend at different rates, consequently creating uncertainty in separation between aircraft. This paper proposes a viable near-term solution to allow pilots perform CDA more consistently through the use of Descriptive Waypoints (DWs), or checkpoints in terms of altitudes and speeds along the CDA path that provide the pilot targets and feedback along the CDA path. A human in the loop study was conducted to develop and determine the effectiveness of using DWs to improve flight performance during CDA procedures, and provide recommendations on DW design and integration into existing CDA procedures. Twelve instrument rated commercial pilots flew three different wind conditions using one, three, or five DWs. Dependent variables included: deviation from DW target altitude and Indicated Airspeed (IAS), average power usage, perceived workload, and pilot acceptance of DWs. Objective and subjective data were also collected to obtain pilot feedback on the design of DWs and their integration into CDA procedures, and determine pilot strategies while flying CDA with DWs. The results showed that as the number of DW increases, mean altitude deviations from the DW targets decreased from 922 feet to 196 feet and standard deviations from 571 feet to 239 feet with a slight increase in perceived workload and one percent increase in power usage and. The pilots commented that the DWs provide useful feedback to strategize how to make corrections to the altitude deviation in the vertical path, and that they would feel comfortable having the DW integrated in the flight chart or shown as a vertical view on a display. The pilots also provided a number of recommendations for integrating the DW into Jeppesen charts and roles for the pilot flying and the pilot not flying. These results imply that DWs can be used as an effective cuing system to enhance pilot ability to perform CDA, and that they are a potential choice for near to midterm implementation in improving the effectiveness of CDA procedures. C1 [LaMarr, Michael; Ho, Nhut] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Johnson, Walter; Battiste, Vernol] NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Biviano, Joe] Lockheed Martin, Palmdale, CA USA. RP LaMarr, M (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001012 ER PT S AU Lee, HT Chatterji, GB Palopo, K AF Lee, Hak-Tae Chatterji, Gano B. Palopo, Kee GP IEEE TI Interaction of Airspace Partitions and Traffic Flow Management Delay with Weather SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Lee, Hak-Tae; Chatterji, Gano B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 95064 USA. [Palopo, Kee] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Lee, HT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 95064 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002028 ER PT S AU Lee, HT Chatterji, GB Palopo, K AF Lee, Hak-Tae Chatterji, Gano B. Palopo, Kee GP IEEE TI INTERACTION OF AIRSPACE PARTITIONS AND TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT DELAY WITH WEATHER SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB The interaction of partitioning the airspace and delaying flights in the presence of convective weather is explored to study how re-partitioning the airspace can help reduce congestion and delay. Three approaches with varying complexities are employed to compute the ground delays. In the first approach, an airspace partition of 335 high-altitude sectors that is based on clear weather day traffic is used. Routes are then created to avoid regions of convective weather. With traffic flow management, this approach establishes the baseline with per-flight delay of 8.4 minutes. In the second approach, traffic flow management is used to select routes and assign departure delays such that only the airport capacity constraints are met. This results in 6.7 minutes of average departure delay. The airspace is then partitioned with a specified capacity. It is shown that airspace-capacity-induced delay can be reduced to zero at a cost of 20 percent more sectors for the examined scenario. While the first two approaches investigate the upper and lower bounds in terms of delay and number of sectors, the third approach investigates the tradeoff between the number of sectors and the delay by re-applying the traffic flow management using the re-partitioned sectors. In this approach, the weather constraints are reflected in the sector partitions, and the delay is shared between airspace and airports. The solutions discovered by this approach are 6.9 minutes of average delay with a 312 sector configuration and 8.1 minutes of delay with a 253 sector configuration. Results show that a sector design that is tailored to the traffic and weather pattern can reduce delay while reducing the number of sectors at the same time. However, airspace partitioning can only address the delays caused by airspace congestion. Even in the presence of convective weather, the airport capacity constraint causes the majority of the delay. C1 [Lee, Hak-Tae; Chatterji, Gano B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Palopo, Kee] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Lee, HT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM haktae.lee@nasa.gov; gano.b.chatterji@nasa.gov; kee.palopo@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000061 ER PT S AU Lee, HE Lee, PU Jung, J Lai, CF AF Lee, Hwasoo E. Lee, Paul U. Jung, Jaewoo Lai, Chok Fung GP IEEE TI Investigation of User Selection Criteria of Airspace Design Algorithms for the Flexible Airspace Management Concept SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Lee, Hwasoo E.; Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Jung, Jaewoo; Lai, Chok Fung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lee, HE (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM hwasoo.lee@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 37 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002020 ER PT S AU Lee, P Mainini, M Homola, J Lee, H Prevot, T Smith, N AF Lee, Paul Mainini, Matthew Homola, Jeffrey Lee, Hwasoo Prevot, Thomas Smith, Nancy GP IEEE TI Trajectory Assessment and Modification Tools Next Generation Air Traffic Management Operations DASC October 16-20, 2011 SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Lee, Paul; Mainini, Matthew; Homola, Jeffrey; Lee, Hwasoo] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Prevot, Thomas; Smith, Nancy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Lee, P (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. FU NASA Airspace Systems Programs office; FAA's NextGen Airspace Project FX The authors would like to thank the NASA Airspace Systems Programs office and the FAAs NextGen Airspace Project for funding the work on the MSP and FAM HITLs. Special thanks go to the MACS development team for making it all happen and the AOL simulation team for all their efforts. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002034 ER PT S AU Lee, PU Bender, K Pagan, D AF Lee, Paul U. Bender, Kim Pagan, Danielle GP IEEE TI Identifying Functional Requirements for Flexible Airspace Management Concept using Human-in-the-loop Simulations SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Bender, Kim; Pagan, Danielle] CSSI Inc, Atlantic City, NJ USA. RP Lee, PU (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM paul.u.lee@nasa.gov FU FAA Concept Development & Validation Group; Dynamic Airspace Configuration FX The research was sponsored by the FAA Concept Development & Validation Group and the Dynamic Airspace Configuration research focus area of NASAs NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project. The authors would like to thank researchers and developers at Airspace Operations Laboratory for conducting the simulation studies. The authors would also like to thank the participants in the studies for their support. Thanks must also go to the DAC researchers at NASA, UARC, CSSI, Metron, and Mosaic-ATM for their collaboration in the studies. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 37 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957003028 ER PT S AU Lee, PU Bender, K Pagan, D AF Lee, Paul U. Bender, Kim Pagan, Danielle GP IEEE TI IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBLE AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT CONCEPT USING HUMAN-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATIONS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Flexible Airspace Management (FAM) is a midterm Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concept that allows dynamic changes to airspace configurations to meet the changes in the traffic demand. A series of human-in-the-loop (HITL) studies have identified procedures and decision support requirements needed to implement FAM. This paper outlines a suggested FAM procedure and associated decision support functionality based on these HITL studies. A description of both the tools used to support the HITLs and the planned NextGen technologies available in the mid-term are presented and compared. The mid-term implementation of several NextGen capabilities, specifically, upgrades to the Traffic Management Unit (TMU), the initial release of an en route automation system, the deployment of a digital data communication system, a more flexible voice communications network, and the introduction of a tool envisioned to manage and coordinate networked ground systems can support the implementation of the FAM concept. Because of the variability in the overall deployment schedule of the mid-term NextGen capabilities, the dependency of the individual NextGen capabilities are examined to determine their impact on a mid-term implementation of FAM. A cursory review of the different technologies suggests that new functionality slated for the new en route automation system is a critical enabling technology for FAM, as well as the functionality to manage and coordinate networked ground systems. Upgrades to the TMU are less critical but important nonetheless for FAM to be fully realized. Flexible voice communications network and digital data communication system could allow more flexible FAM operations but they are not as essential. C1 [Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bender, Kim; Pagan, Danielle] CSSI Inc, Atlantic City, NJ USA. RP Lee, PU (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU FAA Concept Development & Validation Group; Dynamic Airspace Configuration research focus area of NASA's NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project FX The research was sponsored by the FAA Concept Development & Validation Group and the Dynamic Airspace Configuration research focus area of NASAs NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project. The authors would like to thank researchers and developers at Airspace Operations Laboratory for conducting the simulation studies. The authors would also like to thank the participants in the studies for their support. Thanks must also go to the DAC researchers at NASA, UARC, CSSI, Metron, and Mosaic-ATM for their collaboration in the studies. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001011 ER PT S AU Martin, L Swenson, H Sadovsky, A Thipphavong, J Chen, L Seo, A AF Martin, Lynne Swenson, Harry Sadovsky, Alex Thipphavong, Jane Chen, Liagn Seo, Anthoney GP IEEE TI Effects of Scheduling and Spacing Tools on Controllers' Performance & Perceptions of Their Workload SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Martin, Lynne] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Swenson, Harry; Sadovsky, Alex; Thipphavong, Jane; Chen, Liagn] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Seo, Anthoney] Optimal Synthesis, Los Altos, CA USA. RP Martin, L (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM Lynne.Martin@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957003032 ER PT S AU Martin, L Swenson, H Sadovsky, A Thipphavong, J Chen, L Seo, AY AF Martin, Lynne Swenson, Harry Sadovsky, Alexander Thipphavong, Jane Chen, Liang Seo, Anthony Y. GP IEEE TI EFFECTS OF SCHEDULING AND SPACING TOOLS ON CONTROLLERS' PERFORMANCE AND PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR WORKLOAD SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB A human-in-the-loop simulation of an integrated set of time-based automation tools that provided precision scheduling, sequencing and ground-based merging and spacing functions was run in the fall of 2010. These functions were combined into the Terminal Area Precision Scheduling and Spacing (TAPSS) system. TAPSS consists of a scheduler and two suites of advisory tools, one for the Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC, or Center) and one for Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) operations. Both suites are designed to achieve maximum throughput and controllability of traffic. The subject airspace was the terminal area around Los Angeles airport (LAX) and the en route space immediately beyond. Scenario traffic was based on the demand from today's heavy arrival periods, and traffic levels were simulated that matched these or added five, ten or twenty percent to this amount. Eight retired, highly experienced controllers worked two final, three feeder and three en-route positions to deliver traffic to the two outboard arrival runways at LAX (24R and 25L). Although the main research question was whether controllers could safely control the traffic, their level of performance was also of interest and how the advanced tools facilitated or hindered their tasks. The results show that the TAPSS tools enabled higher airport throughput and a larger number of continuous descent operations from cruise to touchdown for the jet aircraft in the scenarios. This contrasts sharply with the "current day" operations in which the Center controllers utilize step-down descents to meter the aircraft. Reported workload levels were lower in the "TAPSS tools" condition than in the "current-day" condition and the TAPSS operations earned cautiously acceptable ratings, indicating the prototype tools have value. The goals of the next generation air transportation system in the United States (NextGen) [1] include maintaining a high level of throughput at airports and improving the efficiency of traffic management in dense terminal areas. The efficient scheduling and control of aircraft from cruise to touchdown during congested periods is a highly complex problem due to many factors including mixed equipage, constrained maneuvering space and inherent system uncertainties [2]. Ongoing research both in the USA (NextGen) [3, 4] and Europe (Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research) [5, 6] aims to develop trajectory management tools enabling aircraft to execute efficient descents, while simultaneously maintaining throughput that will use (close to) current system capabilities. NASA is investigating a concept for high-density arrival operations [2]. Two of its key elements are i) precision scheduling along routes and ii) merging and spacing control functions. Currently, uncertainty in runway arrival estimation, and therefore also control, limits the utility of air traffic control (ATC) scheduling but the theoretical advantage of a precision scheduling and control system for managing these constrained resources is well understood [2, 7]. An extension to the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) [8] technologies currently under development is the Terminal Area Precision Scheduling and Spacing (TAPSS) system [9], which leverages the increase in prediction accuracy of emerging trajectory management tools such as Area Navigation (RNAV) and trajectory-based operations (TBO). TAPSS is a trajectory-based strategic and tactical planning and control tool capable of trajectory prediction, constraint scheduling and runway balancing, controller advisories and flow visualization. TAPSS enables a simultaneous execution of efficient descent procedures along precision RNAV approach routes as a way to achieve high runway throughput. The sections following in this paper briefly describe the TAPSS, a human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation to test the prototype system, and some selected results. C1 [Martin, Lynne] San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Swenson, Harry; Sadovsky, Alexander; Thipphavong, Jane] NASA, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Chen, Liang] UARC, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Seo, Anthony Y.] Optimal Synth, Los Altos, CA USA. RP Martin, L (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001016 ER PT S AU Morris, AT Breidenthal, JC AF Morris, A. Terry Breidenthal, Julian C. GP IEEE TI The Necessity of Functional Analysis for Space Exploration Programs SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Morris, A. Terry] NASA, Safety Crit Avion Syst Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Breidenthal, Julian C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Morris, AT (reprint author), NASA, Safety Crit Avion Syst Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We would like to thank Mahyar Malekpour of the NASA Langley Research Center, Michael Massie of the ARES Corporation, Houston, Texas, as well as Ron Morillo and Lorraine Fesq of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for their helpful comments and discussions in the development and critique of this paper. The research described in this publication was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957003056 ER PT S AU Morris, AT Breidenthal, JC AF Morris, A. Terry Breidenthal, Julian C. GP IEEE TI THE NECESSITY OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS FOR SPACE EXPLORATION PROGRAMS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB As NASA moves toward expanded commercial spaceflight within its human exploration capability, there is increased emphasis on how to allocate responsibilities between government and commercial organizations to achieve coordinated program objectives. The practice of program-level functional analysis offers an opportunity for improved understanding of collaborative functions among heterogeneous partners. Functional analysis is contrasted with the physical analysis more commonly done at the program level, and is shown to provide theoretical performance, risk, and safety advantages beneficial to a government-commercial partnership. Performance advantages include faster convergence to acceptable system solutions; discovery of superior solutions with higher commonality, greater simplicity and greater parallelism by substituting functional for physical redundancy to achieve robustness and safety goals; and greater organizational cohesion around program objectives. Risk advantages include avoidance of rework by revelation of some kinds of architectural and contractual mismatches before systems are specified, designed, constructed, or integrated; avoidance of cost and schedule growth by more complete and precise specifications of cost and schedule estimates; and higher likelihood of successful integration on the first try. Safety advantages include effective delineation of must-work and must-not-work functions for integrated hazard analysis, the ability to formally demonstrate completeness of safety analyses, and provably correct logic for certification of flight readiness. The key mechanism for realizing these benefits is the development of an inter-functional architecture at the program level, which reveals relationships between top-level system requirements that would otherwise be invisible using only a physical architecture. This paper describes the advantages and pitfalls of functional analysis as a means of coordinating the actions of large heterogeneous organizations for space exploration programs. C1 [Morris, A. Terry] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Breidenthal, Julian C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Morris, AT (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001046 ER PT S AU Ng, HK Sridhar, B Grabbe, S Chen, NY AF Ng, Hok K. Sridhar, Banavar Grabbe, Shon Chen, Neil Y. GP IEEE TI Cross-Polar Aircraft Trajectory Optimization and the Potential Climate Impact SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Ng, Hok K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sridhar, Banavar; Grabbe, Shon; Chen, Neil Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ng, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002033 ER PT S AU Ng, HK Sridhar, B Grabbe, S Chen, N AF Ng, Hok K. Sridhar, Banavar Grabbe, Shon Chen, Neil GP IEEE TI CROSS-POLAR AIRCRAFT TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION AND THE POTENTIAL CLIMATE IMPACT SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Cross-Polar routes offer new opportunities for air travel markets. Transpolar flights reduce travel times, fuel burns, and associated environmental emissions by flying direct paths between many North American and Asian cities. This study evaluates the potential benefits of flying wind-optimal polar routes and assessed their potential impact on climate change. An optimization algorithm is developed for transpolar flights to generate wind-optimal trajectories that minimize climate impact of aircraft, in terms of global warming potentials (relative to warming by one kg of CO2) of several types of emissions, while avoiding regions of airspace that facilitate persistent contrail formation. Estimations of global warming potential are incorporated into the objective function of the optimization algorithm to assess the climate impact of aircraft emissions discharged at a given location and altitude. The regions of airspace with very low ambient temperature and areas favorable to persistent contrail formation are modeled as undesirable regions that aircraft should avoid and are formulated as soft state constraints. The fuel burn and climate impact of cross-polar air traffic flying various types of trajectory including flight plan, great circle, wind-optimal, and contrail-avoidance are computed for 15 origin-destination pairs between major international airports in the U.S. and Asia. Wind-optimal routes reduce average fuel burn of flight plan routes by 4.4% on December 4, 2010 and 8.0% on August 7, 2010, respectively. The tradeoff between persistent contrail formation and additional global warming potential of aircraft emissions is investigated with and without altitude optimization. Without altitude optimization, the reduction in contrail travel times is gradual with increase in total fuel consumption. When altitude is optimized, a one percent increase in additional global warming potential, a climate impact equivalent to that of 4070kg and 4220kg CO2 emission, reduces 135 and 105 minutes persistent contrail formation per flight during a day with medium and high contrail formation, respectively. C1 [Ng, Hok K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sridhar, Banavar; Grabbe, Shon; Chen, Neil] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ng, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000066 ER PT S AU Prevot, T Lee, PU AF Prevot, Thomas Lee, Paul U. GP IEEE TI TRAJECTORY-BASED COMPLEXITY (TBX): A MODIFIED AIRCRAFT COUNT TO PREDICT SECTOR COMPLEXITY DURING TRAJECTORY-BASED OPERATIONS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB In this paper we introduce a new complexity metric to predict -in real-time-sector complexity for trajectory-based operations (TBO). TBO will be implemented in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Trajectory-Based Complexity (TBX) is a modified aircraft count that can easily be computed and communicated in a TBO environment based upon predictions of aircraft and weather trajectories. TBX is scaled to aircraft count and represents an alternate and additional means to manage air traffic demand and capacity with more consideration of dynamic factors such as weather, aircraft equipage or predicted separation violations, as well as static factors such as sector size. We have developed and evaluated TBX in the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at the NASA Ames Research Center during human-in-the-loop studies of trajectory-based concepts since 2009. In this paper we will describe the TBX computation in detail and present the underlying algorithm. Next, we will describe the specific TBX used in an experiment at NASA's AOL. We will evaluate the performance of this metric using data collected during a controller-in-the-loop study on trajectory-based operations at different equipage levels. In this study controllers were prompted at regular intervals to rate their current workload on a numeric scale. When comparing this real-time workload rating to the TBX values predicted for these time periods we demonstrate that TBX is a better predictor of workload than aircraft count. Furthermore we demonstrate that TBX is well suited to be used for complexity management in TBO and can easily be adjusted to future operational concepts. C1 [Prevot, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Prevot, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000051 ER PT S AU Prinzel, L Shelton, KJ Kramer, LJ Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE Norman, RM Ellis, KKE Barmore, BE AF Prinzel, Lance Shelton, Kevin J. Kramer, Lynda J. Arthur, Jarvis J. Bailey, Randall E. Norman, Robert M. Ellis, Kyle K. E. Barmore, Bryan E. GP IEEE TI Flight Deck Interval Management and Delegated Separation for Equivalent Visual Operation SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Prinzel, Lance; Shelton, Kevin J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.; Barmore, Bryan E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Norman, Robert M.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Prinzel, L (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. FU NASA Langley Research Center FX The authors want to acknowledge the significant support provided by many Federal Systems contractors, at NASA Langley Research Center, most notably Jerry Karwac and Wei Anderson, Victoria Chung, Sean Kenney, Miguel Alvarez, Tod Lewis, Danette Allen, Lisa Rippy, Brent Weathered, and Terry Abbott. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957003023 ER PT S AU Prinzel, LJ Shelton, KJ Kramer, LJ Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE Norman, RM Ellis, KKE Barmore, BE AF Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Shelton, Kevin J. Kramer, Lynda J. Arthur, Jarvis J. Bailey, Randall E. Norman, Robert M. Ellis, Kyle K. E. Barmore, Bryan E. GP IEEE TI FLIGHT DECK INTERVAL MANAGEMENT AND DELEGATED SEPARATION FOR EQUIVALENT VISUAL OPERATIONS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB An emerging Next Generation Air Transportation System concept - Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) - can be achieved using an electronic means to provide sufficient visibility of the external world and other required flight references on flight deck displays that enable the safety, operational tempos, and visual flight rules (VFR)-like procedures for all weather conditions. Synthetic and enhanced flight vision system technologies are critical enabling technologies to EVO. Current research evaluated concepts for flight deck-based interval management (FIM) operations, integrated with Synthetic Vision and Enhanced Vision flight-deck displays and technologies. One concept involves delegated flight deck-based separation, in which the flight crews were paired with another aircraft and responsible for spacing and maintaining separation from the paired aircraft, termed, "equivalent visual separation." The operation required the flight crews to acquire and maintain an "equivalent visual contact" as well as to conduct manual landings in low-visibility conditions. The paper describes results that evaluated the concept of EVO delegated separation, including an off-nominal scenario in which the lead aircraft was not able to conform to the assigned spacing resulting in a loss of separation. C1 [Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.; Barmore, Bryan E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Norman, Robert M.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Prinzel, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001006 ER PT S AU Sadovsky, A Swenson, H Haskell, W Rakas, J AF Sadovsky, A. Swenson, H. Haskell, W. Rakas, J. GP IEEE TI Trade-offs of Optimal Time Advance in Terminal Area Arrivals: Airspace Efficiency vs. Fuel Efficiency SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Sadovsky, A.; Swenson, H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Haskell, W.; Rakas, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sadovsky, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 69 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002009 ER PT S AU Sadovsky, AV Swenson, HN Haskell, WB Rakas, J AF Sadovsky, Alexander V. Swenson, Harry N. Haskell, William B. Rakas, Jasenka GP IEEE TI OPTIMAL TIME ADVANCE IN TERMINAL AREA ARRIVALS: THROUGHPUT VS. FUEL SAVINGS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB The current operational practice in scheduling air traffic arriving at an airport is to adjust flight schedules by delay, i.e. a postponement of an aircraft's arrival at a scheduled location, to manage safely the FAA-mandated separation constraints between aircraft. To meet the observed and forecast growth in traffic demand, however, the practice of time advance (speeding up an aircraft toward a scheduled location) is envisioned for future operations as a practice additional to delay. Time advance has two potential advantages. The first is the capability to minimize, or at least reduce, the excess separation (the distances between pairs of aircraft immediately in-trail) and thereby to increase the throughput of the arriving traffic. The second is to reduce the total traffic delay when the traffic sample is below saturation density. A cost associated with time advance is the fuel expenditure required by an aircraft to speed up. We present an optimal control model of air traffic arriving in a terminal area and solve it using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The admissible controls allow time advance, as well as delay, some of the way. The cost function reflects the trade-off between minimizing two competing objectives: excess separation (negatively correlated with throughput) and fuel burn. A number of instances are solved using three different methods, to demonstrate consistency of solutions. C1 [Sadovsky, Alexander V.; Swenson, Harry N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Haskell, William B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Ind Engn & Operat Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rakas, Jasenka] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sadovsky, AV (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM alexander.v.sadovsky@nasa.gov; harry.n.swenson@nasa.gov; wbhaskell@gmail.com; jrakas@berkeley.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000040 ER PT B AU Stell, L AF Stell, Laurel GP IEEE TI Flight Management System Execution of Idle-thrust Descents in Operations SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stell, L (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001086 ER PT B AU Stell, L AF Stell, Laurel GP IEEE TI FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EXECUTION OF IDLE-THRUST DESCENTS IN OPERATIONS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB To enable arriving aircraft to fly optimized descents computed by the flight management system (FMS) in congested airspace, ground automation must accurately predict descent trajectories. To support development of the trajectory predictor and its error models, commercial flights executed idle-thrust descents, and the recorded data includes the target speed profile and FMS intent trajectories. The FMS computes the intended descent path assuming idle thrust after top of descent (TOD), and any intervention by the controllers that alters the FMS execution of the descent is recorded so that such flights are discarded from the analysis. The horizontal flight path, cruise and meter fix altitudes, and actual TOD location are extracted from the radar data. Using more than 60 descents in Boeing 777 aircraft, the actual speeds are compared to the intended descent speed profile. In addition, three aspects of the accuracy of the FMS intent trajectory are analyzed: the meter fix crossing time, the TOD location, and the altitude at the meter fix. The actual TOD location is within 5 nmi of the intent location for over 95% of the descents. Roughly 90% of the time, the airspeed is within 0.01 of the target Mach number and within 10 KCAS of the target descent CAS, but the meter fix crossing time is only within 50 sec of the time computed by the FMS. Overall, the aircraft seem to be executing the descents as intended by the designers of the onboard automation. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stell, L (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000021 ER PT S AU Trujillo, AC Gregory, I AF Trujillo, Anna C. Gregory, Irene GP IEEE TI PILOTING CHANGES TO CHANGING AIRCRAFT DYNAMICS: WHAT DO PILOTS NEED TO KNOW? SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB An experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of changing dynamics on a subject's ability to track a signal in order to eventually model a pilot adapting to changing aircraft dynamics. The data will be used to identify primary aircraft dynamics variables that influence changes in pilot's response and produce a simplified pilot model that incorporates this relationship. Each run incorporated a different set of second-order aircraft dynamics representing short period transfer function pitch attitude response: damping ratio, frequency, gain, zero location, and time delay. The subject's ability to conduct the tracking task was the greatest source of root mean square error tracking variability. As for the aircraft dynamics, the factors that affected the subjects' ability to conduct the tracking were the time delay, frequency, and zero location. In addition to creating a simplified pilot model, the results of the experiment can be utilized in an advisory capacity. A situation awareness/prediction aid based on the pilot behavior and aircraft dynamics may help tailor pilot's inputs more quickly so that PIO or an upset condition can be avoided. C1 [Trujillo, Anna C.; Gregory, Irene] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Trujillo, AC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001003 ER PT S AU Verma, S Kozon, T Ballinger, D Lozito, S Subramanian, S AF Verma, Savvy Kozon, Thomas Ballinger, Debbi Lozito, Sandra Subramanian, Shobana GP IEEE TI ROLE OF THE CONTROLLER IN AN INTEGRATED PILOT-CONTROLLER STUDY FOR PARALLEL APPROACHES SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Closely spaced parallel runway operations have been found to increase capacity within the National Airspace System but poor visibility conditions reduce the use of these operations [1]. Previous research examined the concepts and procedures related to parallel runways [2-4]. However, there has been no investigation of the procedures associated with the strategic and tactical pairing of aircraft for these operations. This study developed and examined the pilot's and controller's procedures and information requirements for creating aircraft pairs for closely spaced parallel runway operations. The goal was to achieve aircraft pairing with a temporal separation of 15s (+/- 10s error) at a 'coupling point' that was 12 nmi from the runway threshold. In this paper, the role of the controller, as examined in an integrated study of controllers and pilots, is presented. The controllers utilized a pairing scheduler and new pairing interfaces to help create and maintain aircraft pairs, in a high-fidelity, human-in-the loop simulation experiment. Results show that the controllers worked as a team to achieve pairing between aircraft and the level of inter-controller coordination increased when the aircraft in the pair belonged to different sectors. Controller feedback did not reveal over reliance on the automation nor complacency with the pairing automation or pairing procedures. C1 [Verma, Savvy; Kozon, Thomas; Ballinger, Debbi; Lozito, Sandra] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Subramanian, Shobana] Dell Perot, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Verma, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Savita.a.verma@nasa.gov; Thomas.e.kozon@nasa.gov; Debbi.ballinger@nasa.gov; Sandra.c.lozito@nasa.gov; shobanas9@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000054 ER PT J AU Wang, Y AF Wang, Yao GP IEEE TI Estimate Weather Impacted Airport Capacity using Ensemble Learning SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002013 ER PT J AU Wang, Y AF Wang, Yao GP IEEE TI PREDICTION OF WEATHER IMPACTED AIRPORT CAPACITY USING ENSEMBLE LEARNING SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Ensemble learning with the Bagging Decision Tree (BDT) model was used to assess the impact of weather on airport capacities at selected high-demand airports in the United States. The ensemble bagging decision tree models were developed and validated using the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) data and weather forecast at these airports. The study examines the performance of BDT, along with traditional single Support Vector Machines (SVM), for airport runway configuration selection and airport arrival rates (AAR) prediction during weather impacts. Testing of these models was accomplished using observed weather, weather forecast, and airport operation information at the chosen airports. The experimental results show that ensemble methods are more accurate than a single SVM classifier. The airport capacity ensemble method presented here can be used as a decision support model that supports air traffic flow management to meet the weather impacted airport capacity in order to reduce costs and increase safety. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000044 ER PT S AU Wieland, F Santos, M Krueger, W Houston, VE AF Wieland, Frederick Santos, Michel Krueger, William Houston, Vincent E. GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE OF AIRBORNE PRECISION SPACING UNDER REALISTIC WEATHER CONDITIONS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB With the expected worldwide increase of air traffic during the coming decade, both the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), as well as Eurocontrol's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) program have, as part of their plans, air traffic management solutions that can increase performance without requiring time-consuming and expensive infrastructure changes. One such solution involves the ability of both controllers and flight crews to deliver aircraft to the runway with greater accuracy than is possible today. Previous research has shown that time-based spacing techniques, wherein the controller assigns a time spacing to each pair of arriving aircraft, is one way to achieve this goal by providing greater runway delivery accuracy that produces a concomitant increase in system-wide performance. The research described herein focuses on a specific application of time-based spacing, called Airborne Precision Spacing (APS), which has evolved over the past ten years. This research furthers APS understanding by studying its performance with realistic wind conditions obtained from atmospheric sounding data and with realistic wind forecasts obtained from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) short-range weather forecast. In addition, this study investigates APS performance with limited surveillance range, as provided by the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system, and with an algorithm designed to improve APS performance when an ADS-B signal is unavailable. The results presented herein quantify the runway threshold delivery accuracy of APS under these conditions, and also quantify resulting workload metrics such as the number of speed changes required to maintain spacing. C1 [Wieland, Frederick; Santos, Michel; Krueger, William] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Houston, Vincent E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Wieland, F (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. FU NASA through ARRA [GS00T99ALD0209]; Raytheon Corporation [T03-01-DS0L003] FX This work was sponsored by NASA through ARRA funding under contract GS00T99ALD0209, Task Order T03-01-DS0L003 to Raytheon Corporation. The work by Intelligent Automation Incorporated was funded via a subcontract for Raytheon Corporation. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000022 ER PT S AU Zelinski, S Lai, CF AF Zelinski, Shannon Lai, Chok Fung GP IEEE TI Comparing Methods for Dynamic Airspace Configuration SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Zelinski, Shannon] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lai, Chok Fung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 95064 USA. RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 67 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957002017 ER PT S AU Zelinski, S Lai, CF AF Zelinski, Shannon Lai, Chok Fung GP IEEE TI COMPARING METHODS FOR DYNAMIC AIRSPACE CONFIGURATION SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB This paper compares airspace design solutions for dynamically reconfiguring airspace in response to nominal daily traffic volume fluctuation. Airspace designs from seven algorithmic methods and a representation of current day operations in Kansas City Center were simulated with two times today's demand traffic. A three-configuration scenario was used to represent current day operations. Algorithms used projected unimpeded flight tracks to design initial 24-hour plans to switch between three configurations at predetermined reconfiguration times. At each reconfiguration time, algorithms used updated projected flight tracks to update the subsequent planned configurations. Compared to the baseline, most airspace design methods reduced delay and increased reconfiguration complexity, with similar traffic pattern complexity results. Design updates enabled several methods to as much as half the delay from their original designs. Freeform design methods reduced delay and increased reconfiguration complexity the most. C1 [Zelinski, Shannon] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lai, Chok Fung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957000049 ER PT S AU Geng, XY Ma, DS Chen, ZQ Dai, F Cressler, JD Yaeger, JA Mojarradi, MM Mantooth, A Blalock, BJ Berger, RW AF Geng, Xueyang Ma, Desheng Chen, Zhenqi Dai, Fa Cressler, John D. Yaeger, Jeremy A. Mojarradi, Mohammad M. Mantooth, Alan Blalock, Benjamin J. Berger, Richard W. GP IEEE TI High Speed Channel Resistive Sensor Interface with RHBD in 0.5 mu m SiGe BiCMOS for UWT from-180 degrees C to 120 degrees C SO 2011 IEEE BIPOLAR/BICMOS CIRCUITS AND TECHNOLOGY MEETING (BCTM) SE IEEE Bipolar BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Technology and Circuits Meeting (BCTM) CY OCT 09-11, 2011 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IBM, SKYWORKS, Georgia Tech, RFMD, Texas Instruments, MAXIM, ANALOG DEVICES, NXP, Natl Semiconductor, ANADIGICS, ZARLINK Semiconductor, PHILIPS DE High speed channel (HSC); resistive sensor; Butterworth filter; DAC; Wheatstone bridge; cryogenic circuits; RHBD AB High speed channel (HSC) resistive sensor interface is an analog sampling channel designed for measuring the resistance variations with data rate at 5 kHz. It measures the external resistance variation and digitizes the received signal using a 12-bit analog to digital converter (ADC). The HSC includes a Wheatstone bridge with programmable configurations, a high voltage cap stack sampler, a 6(th) order Butterworth switching capacitor filter, and a continuous time variable gain amplifier (VGA). An 8-bit voltage mode calibration digital to analog converter (DAC) is used to calibrate the common mode voltage level. An 8-bit current mode stimulus DAC is used to provide the current source to the Wheatstone bridge through a high voltage current mirror. With radiation hardening by design (RHBD), the HSC is implemented in a 0.5 mu m SiGe BiCMOS technology for applications in aerospace environment under extreme temperature, radiation, pressure and vibration. C1 [Geng, Xueyang; Ma, Desheng; Chen, Zhenqi; Dai, Fa] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yaeger, Jeremy A.; Mojarradi, Mohammad M.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mantooth, Alan] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Blalock, Benjamin J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Berger, Richard W.] BAE Syst, London, England. RP Geng, XY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. FU NASA ETDP [NNL06AA29C] FX This work was supported by NASA ETDP under contract NNL06AA29C. We would like to thank Guofu Niu, Wayne Johnson and the entire SiGe Code T team for their contributi ons to this work. We would like to thank Tom Peng and Ryan M. Diestelhorst at Georgia Tech and Jie Qin at Auburn University for the chip testing and measurement. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-9299 BN 978-1-61284-166-3 J9 IEEE BIPOL BICMOS PY 2011 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYE70 UT WOS:000298256500018 ER PT S AU Kascak, P Jansen, R Dever, T Nagorny, A Loparo, K AF Kascak, Peter Jansen, Ralph Dever, Timothy Nagorny, Aleksandr Loparo, Kenneth GP IEEE TI Levitation Performance Of Two Opposed Permanent Magnet Pole-Pair Separated Conical Bearingless Motors SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB In standard motor applications, rotor suspension with traditional mechanical bearings represents the most economical solution. However, in certain high performance applications, rotor suspension without contacting bearings is either required or highly beneficial. Examples include applications requiring very high speed or extreme environment operation, or with limited access for maintenance. This paper expands upon a novel bearingless motor concept, in which two motors with opposing conical air-gaps are used to achieve full five-axis levitation and rotation of the rotor. Force in this motor is created by deliberately leaving the motor's pole-pairs unconnected, which allows the creation of different d-axis flux in each pole pair. This flux imbalance is used to create lateral force. This approach is different than previous bearingless motor designs, which require separate windings for levitation and rotation. This paper examines the predicted and achieved suspension performance of a fully levitated prototype bearingless system. C1 [Kascak, Peter; Jansen, Ralph; Dever, Timothy] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Nagorny, Aleksandr] ResMed Motor Technol Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Loparo, Kenneth] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Kascak, P (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM peter.e.kascak@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 1649 EP 1656 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902014 ER PT J AU Divsalar, D Dolecek, L AF Divsalar, Dariush Dolecek, Lara GP IEEE TI Ensemble Analysis of Pseudocodewords of Protograph-Based Non-Binary LDPC Codes SO 2011 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP (ITW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW) CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Paraty, BRAZIL SP IEEE AB This paper presents a method for evaluating pseudocodeword weight enumerators of nonbinary LDPC codes built out of protographs. The ensemble enumerators are evaluated for both the finite-length and infinite-length regimes. Results of this type can be particularly useful for designing structured nonbinary LDPC codes with good properties under message passing or linear programming decoding. C1 [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dolecek, Lara] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Divsalar, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; dolecek@ee.ucla.edu FU NSF [CCF-1029030] FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This research was also carried out in part at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) under the grant CCF-1029030 from NSF. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0437-6 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYN24 UT WOS:000299416200070 ER PT S AU Patre, P Joshi, SM AF Patre, Parag Joshi, Suresh M. GP IEEE TI On Using Exponential Parameter Estimators with an Adaptive Controller SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc ID ROBOT MANIPULATORS; LAW MODULARITY; SYSTEMS; PASSIVITY; TRACKING AB Typical adaptive controllers are restricted to using a specific update law to generate parameter estimates. This paper investigates the possibility of using any exponential parameter estimator with an adaptive controller such that the system tracks a desired trajectory. The goal is to provide flexibility in choosing any update law suitable for a given application. The development relies on a previously developed concept of controller/update law modularity in the adaptive control literature, and the use of a converse Lyapunov-like theorem. Stability analysis is presented to derive gain conditions under which this is possible, and inferences are made about the tracking error performance. The development is based on a class of Euler-Lagrange systems that are used to model various engineering systems including space robots and manipulators. C1 [Patre, Parag] NASA Langley Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program NPP, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Joshi, Suresh M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Control Theory, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Patre, P (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program NPP, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM parag.patre@nasa.gov; suresh.m.joshi@nasa.gov FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at Langley Research Center FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500013 ER PT J AU Marshall, JJ Downs, RR Mattmann, CA AF Marshall, James J. Downs, Robert R. Mattmann, Chris A. BE Alhajj, R Joshi, J Shyu, ML TI Software Reuse Methods to Improve Technological Infrastructure for e-Science SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION (IRI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI)/1st International Workshop on Issues and Challenges in Social Computing (WICSOC) CY AUG 03-05, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), Soc Informat Reuse & Integrat (SIRI), IEEE DE Cloud computing; open source software; scientific computing; software reuse AB Social computing has the potential to contribute to scientific research. Ongoing developments in information and communications technology improve capabilities for enabling scientific research, including research fostered by social computing capabilities. The recent emergence of e-Science practices has demonstrated the benefits from improvements in the technological infrastructure, or cyberinfrastructure, that has been developed to support science. Cloud computing is one example of this e-Science trend. Our own work in the area of software reuse offers methods that can be used to improve new technological development, including cloud computing capabilities, to support scientific research practices. In this paper, we focus on software reuse and its potential to contribute to the development and evaluation of information systems and related services designed to support new capabilities for conducting scientific research. C1 [Marshall, James J.] NASA, INNOVIM, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Stop 614-9, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Downs, Robert R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Int Earth Sci Informat Network, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Mattmann, Chris A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mattmann, Chris A.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Marshall, JJ (reprint author), NASA, INNOVIM, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Stop 614-9, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM James.J.Marshall@nasa.gov; rdowns@ciesin.columbia.edu; mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov RI Marshall, James/A-9611-2009; Downs, Robert/B-4153-2013 OI Marshall, James/0000-0002-6867-5616; Downs, Robert/0000-0002-8595-5134 FU NASA [NNG08HZ11C]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX The authors are grateful to the members of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Data Systems Software Reuse Working Group who have contributed to the efforts described in this work. Support was provided for Robert Downs under NASA contract NNG08HZ11C. This effort was supported in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, managed by the California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0966-1 PY 2011 BP 528 EP 532 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYH16 UT WOS:000298749600101 ER PT S AU Diftler, MA Mehling, JS Abdallah, ME Radford, NA Bridgwater, LB Sanders, AM Askew, RS Linn, DM Yamokoski, JD Permenter, FA Hargrave, BK Platt, R Savely, RT Ambrose, RO AF Diftler, M. A. Mehling, J. S. Abdallah, M. E. Radford, N. A. Bridgwater, L. B. Sanders, A. M. Askew, R. S. Linn, D. M. Yamokoski, J. D. Permenter, F. A. Hargrave, B. K. Platt, R. Savely, R. T. Ambrose, R. O. GP IEEE TI Robonaut 2-The First Humanoid Robot in Space SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB NASA and General Motors have developed the second generation Robonaut, Robonaut 2 or R2, and it is scheduled to arrive on the International Space Station in early 2011 and undergo initial testing by mid-year. This state of the art, dexterous, anthropomorphic robotic torso has significant technical improvements over its predecessor making it a far more valuable tool for astronauts. Upgrades include: increased force sensing, greater range of motion, higher bandwidth, and improved dexterity. R2's integrated mechatronic design results in a more compact and robust distributed control system with a fraction of the wiring of the original Robonaut. Modularity is prevalent throughout the hardware and software along with innovative and layered approaches for sensing and control. The most important aspects of the Robonaut philosophy are clearly present in this latest model's ability to allow comfortable human interaction and in its design to perform significant work using the same hardware and interfaces used by people. The following describes the mechanisms, integrated electronics, control strategies, and user interface that make R2 a promising addition to the Space Station and other environments where humanoid robots can assist people. C1 [Diftler, M. A.; Mehling, J. S.; Radford, N. A.; Bridgwater, L. B.; Askew, R. S.; Platt, R.; Savely, R. T.; Ambrose, R. O.] NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA. [Abdallah, M. E.; Sanders, A. M.; Linn, D. M.] Gen Motor, Warren, MI 48088 USA. [Yamokoski, J. D.; Permenter, F. A.; Hargrave, B. K.] Oceanengn Space Syst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Diftler, MA (reprint author), NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA. NR 15 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 BP 2178 EP 2183 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383401062 ER PT S AU Fleder, M Nesnas, IA Pivtoraiko, M Kelly, A Volpe, R AF Fleder, Michael Nesnas, Issa A. Pivtoraiko, Mihail Kelly, Alonzo Volpe, Richard GP IEEE TI Autonomous Rover Traverse and Precise Arm Placement on Remotely Designated Targets SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID TOOL AB Exploring planetary surfaces typically involves traversing challenging and unknown terrain and acquiring in-situ measurements at designated locations using arm-mounted instruments. We present field results for a new implementation of an autonomous capability that enables a rover to traverse and precisely place an arm-mounted instrument on remote targets. Using point-and-click mouse commands, a scientist designates targets in the initial imagery acquired from the rover's mast cameras. The rover then autonomously traverses the rocky terrain for a distance of 10 - 15 m, tracks the target(s) of interest during the traverse, positions itself for approaching the target, and then precisely places an arm-mounted instrument within 2-3 cm from the originally designated target. The rover proceeds to acquire science measurements with the instrument. This work advances what has been previously developed and integrated on the Mars Exploration Rovers by using algorithms that are capable of traversing more rock-dense terrains, enabling tight thread-the-needle maneuvers. We integrated these algorithms on the newly refurbished Athena Mars research rover and fielded them in the JPL Mars Yard. We conducted 43 runs with targets at distances ranging from 5 m to 15 m and achieved a success rate of 93% for placement of the instrument within 2-3 cm. C1 [Fleder, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Nesnas, Issa A.; Volpe, Richard] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Pivtoraiko, Mihail; Kelly, Alonzo] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fleder, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM mfleder@mit.edu; Issa.A.Nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; mihail@cs.cmu.edu; alonzo@cmu.edu; volpe@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Mars Technology Program FX Manuscript received February 8, 2011. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work is supported by the NASA Mars Technology Program. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 BP 2190 EP 2197 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383401064 ER PT S AU Abad-Manterola, P Nesnas, IAD Burdick, JW AF Abad-Manterola, Pablo Nesnas, Issa A. D. Burdick, Joel W. GP IEEE TI Motion Planning on Steep Terrain for the Tethered Axel Rover SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID DANTE II; ROBOTS; PATHS AB This paper considers the motion planning problem that arises when a tethered robot descends and ascends steep obstacle-strewn terrain. This work is motivated by the Axel tethered robotic rover designed to provide access to extreme extra-planetary terrains. Motion planning for this type of rover is very different from traditional planning problems because the tether geometry under high loading must be considered during the planning process. Furthermore, only round-trip paths that avoid tether entanglement are viable solutions to the problem. We present an algorithm for tethered robot motion planning on steep terrain that reduces the likelihood that the tether will become entangled during descent and ascent of steep slopes. The algorithm builds upon the notion of the shortest homotopic tether path and its associated sleeve. We provide a simple example for purposes of illustration. C1 [Abad-Manterola, Pablo; Burdick, Joel W.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nesnas, Issa A. D.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Abad-Manterola, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM pablo@caltech.edu; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383403068 ER PT S AU Hebert, P Hudson, N Ma, J Burdick, J AF Hebert, Paul Hudson, Nicolas Ma, Jeremy Burdick, Joel GP IEEE TI Fusion of Stereo Vision, Force-Torque, and Joint Sensors for Estimation of In-Hand Object Location SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB This paper develops a method to fuse stereo vision, force-torque sensor, and joint angle encoder measurements to estimate and track the location of a grasped object within the hand. We pose the problem as a hybrid systems estimation problem, where the continuous states are the object 6D pose, finger contact location, wrist-to-camera transform and the discrete states are the finger contact modes with the object. This paper develops the key measurement equations that govern the fusion process. Experiments with a Barrett Hand, Bumblebee 2 stereo camera, and an ATI omega force-torque sensor validate and demonstrate the method. C1 [Hebert, Paul; Burdick, Joel] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hudson, Nicolas; Ma, Jeremy] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hebert, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM paul.hebert@caltech.edu; nicolas.h.hudson@jpl.nasa.gov; jeremy.c.ma@jpl.nasa.gov; jwb@robotics.caltech.edu FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383405029 ER PT S AU Huang, GQP Zhou, KX Trawny, N Roumeliotis, SI AF Huang, Guoquan P. Zhou, Ke X. Trawny, Nikolas Roumeliotis, Stergios I. GP IEEE TI Bearing-only Target Tracking using a Bank of MAP Estimators SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID PARTICLE FILTERS AB Nonlinear estimation problems, such as bearing-only tracking, are often addressed using linearized estimators, e. g., the extended Kalman filter (EKF). These estimators generally suffer from linearization errors as well as the inability to track multimodal probability density functions (pdfs). In this paper, we propose a bank of batch maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimators as a general estimation framework that provides relinearization of the entire state history, multi-hypothesis tracking, and an efficient hypothesis generation scheme. Each estimator in the bank is initialized using a locally optimal state estimate for the current time step. Every time a new measurement becomes available, we convert the nonlinear cost function corresponding to this relaxed one-step subproblem into polynomial form, allowing to analytically and efficiently compute all stationary points. This local optimization generates highly probable hypotheses for the target trajectory and greatly improves the quality of the overall MAP estimate. Additionally, pruning and marginalization are employed to control the computational cost. Monte Carlo simulations and real-world experiments show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the EKF, the standard batch MAP estimator, and the particle filter (PF), in terms of accuracy and consistency. C1 [Huang, Guoquan P.; Roumeliotis, Stergios I.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Zhou, Ke X.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Trawny, Nikolas] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Huang, GQP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ghuang@cs.umn.edu; kezhou@ece.umn.edu; nikolas.trawny@jpl.nasa.gov; stergios@cs.umn.edu FU University of Minnesota; National Science Foundation [IIS-0643680, IIS-0811946, IIS-0835637] FX This work was supported by the University of Minnesota (DTC), and the National Science Foundation (IIS-0643680, IIS-0811946, IIS-0835637). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383404038 ER PT S AU Parness, A AF Parness, Aaron GP IEEE TI Anchoring Foot Mechanisms for Sampling and Mobility in Microgravity SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID HAYABUSA; ITOKAWA AB An omni-directional anchoring mechanism is presented that can withstand forces greater than 100 N on natural rock surfaces. The anchor builds upon previous development of microspine toes for climbing robots. This work utilizes an opposed octagonal scissor configuration with rows of 30 toes on each lever arm, splayed around a central housing. This anchor design is being developed for the Lemur IIb mobile robot. The anchor can also be used to support a coring drill. The work enables both mobility and sampling in microgravity environments, like the surface of Near Earth Asteroids. C1 CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Parness, A (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Aaron.Parness@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383405092 ER PT S AU Platt, R Ihrke, C Bridgewater, L Linn, D Diftler, R Abdallah, M Askew, S Permenter, F AF Platt, Robert, Jr. Ihrke, Chris Bridgewater, Lyndon Linn, Douglas Diftler, Ron Abdallah, Muhammad Askew, Scott Permenter, Frank GP IEEE TI A miniature load cell suitable for mounting on the phalanges of human-sized robot fingers SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB It is frequently accepted that tactile sensing must play a key role in robust manipulation and assembly. The potential exists to complement the gross shape information that vision or range sensors can provide with fine-scale information about the texture, stiffness, and shape of the object grasped. Nevertheless, no widely accepted tactile sensing technology currently exists for robot hands. Furthermore, while several proposals exist in the robotics literature regarding how to use tactile sensors to improve manipulation, there is little consensus. This paper describes the electro-mechanical design of the Robonaut 2 phalange load cell. This is a miniature load cell suitable for mounting on the phalanges of humanoid robot fingers. The important design characteristics of these load cells are the shape of the load cell spring element and the routing of small-gauge wires from the sensor onto a circuit board. The paper reports results from a stress analysis of the spring element and establishes the theoretical sensitivity of the device to loads in different directions. The paper also compares calibrated load cell data to ground truth load measurements for four different manufactured sensors. Finally, the paper analyzes the response of the load cells in the context of a flexible materials localization task. C1 [Platt, Robert, Jr.] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ihrke, Chris; Bridgewater, Lyndon; Linn, Douglas; Diftler, Ron; Abdallah, Muhammad; Askew, Scott; Permenter, Frank] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Platt, R (reprint author), MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383404092 ER PT S AU Rankin, AL Matthies, LH Bellutta, P AF Rankin, Arturo L. Matthies, Larry H. Bellutta, Paolo GP IEEE TI Daytime Water Detection Based on Sky Reflections SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID OFF-ROAD NAVIGATION AB Robust water detection is a critical perception requirement for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) autonomous navigation. This is particularly true in wide-open areas where water can collect in naturally occurring terrain depressions during periods of heavy precipitation and form large water bodies. One of the properties of water useful for detecting it is that its surface acts as a horizontal mirror at large incidence angles. Water bodies can be indirectly detected by detecting reflections of the sky below the horizon in color imagery. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has implemented a water detector based on sky reflections that geometrically locates the pixel in the sky that is reflecting on a candidate water pixel on the ground and predicts if the ground pixel is water based on color similarity and local terrain features. This software detects water bodies in wide-open areas on cross-country terrain at mid-to far-range using imagery acquired from a forward-looking stereo pair of color cameras mounted on a terrestrial UGV. In three test sequences approaching a pond under a clear, overcast, and cloudy sky, the true positive detection rate was 100% when the UGV was beyond 7 meters of the water's leading edge and the largest false positive detection rate was 0.58%. The sky reflection based water detector has been integrated on an experimental unmanned vehicle and field tested at Ft. Indiantown Gap, PA, USA. C1 [Rankin, Arturo L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Matthies, Larry H.; Bellutta, Paolo] Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rankin, AL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Arturo.Rankin@jpl.nasa.gov; Larry.Matthies@jpl.nasa.gov; Paolo.Bellutta@jpl.nasa.gov FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) FX The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) RCTA program through an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by the United States Government or JPL, California Institute of Technology. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383404088 ER PT S AU Bolton, ML Bass, EJ AF Bolton, Matthew L. Bass, Ellen J. GP IEEE TI Evaluating Human-automation Interaction Using Task Analytic Behavior Models, Strategic Knowledge-based Erroneous Human Behavior Generation, and Model Checking SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE Task analysis; formal methods; model checking; human error; human-automation interaction; system safety AB Human-automation interaction, including erroneous human behavior, is a factor in the failure of complex, safetycritical systems. This paper presents a method for automatically generating task analytic models encompassing both erroneous and normative human behavior from normative task models by manipulating modeled strategic knowledge. Resulting models can be automatically translated into larger formal system models so that safety properties can be formally verified with a model checker. This allows analysts to prove that a human automationinteractive system (as represented by the formal model) will or will not satisfy safety properties with both normative and generated erroneous human behavior. This method is illustrated with a case study: the programming of a patient-controlled analgesia pump. In this example, a problem resulting from a generated erroneous human behavior is discovered and a potential solutions is explored. Future research directions are discussed. C1 [Bolton, Matthew L.] San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bass, Ellen J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bolton, ML (reprint author), San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM matthew.l.bolton@nasa.gov; ejb4n@virginia.edu RI Bolton, Matthew/A-6390-2016 FU National Library of Medicine (NLM) [T15LM009462]; NASA [NCCI002043] FX The majority of the work documented in this manuscript was performed while the first author was pursuing his Ph.D. in systems engineering from the University of Virginia. The project described was supported in part by Grant Number T15LM009462 from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and NASA Cooperative Agreement NCCI002043. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA, NASA, the NLM, or the National Institutes of Health. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 1788 EP 1794 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615102013 ER PT S AU Combefis, S Giannakopoulou, D Pecheur, C Feary, M AF Combefis, Sebastien Giannakopoulou, Dimitra Pecheur, Charles Feary, Michael GP IEEE TI A Formal Framework for Design and Analysis of Human-Machine Interaction SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE Formal methods; HCI; Learning ID MODE CONFUSIONS; INTERFACES; SYSTEMS AB Automated systems are increasingly complex, making it hard to design interfaces for human operators. Human-machine interaction (HMI) errors like automation surprises are more likely to appear and lead to system failures or accidents. In previous work, we studied the problem of generating system abstractions, called mental models, that facilitate system understanding while allowing proper control of the system by operators as defined by the full-control property. Both the domain and its mental model have Labelled Transition Systems (LTS) semantics, and we proposed algorithms for automatically generating minimal mental models as well as checking full-control. This paper presents a methodology and an associated framework for using the above and other formal method based algorithms to support the design of HMI systems. The framework can be used for modelling HMI systems and analysing models against HMI vulnerabilities. The analysis can be used for validation purposes or for generating artifacts such as mental models, manuals and recovery procedures. The framework is implemented in the JavaPathfinder model checker. Our methodology is demonstrated on two examples, an existing benchmark of a medical device, and a model generated from the ADEPT toolset developed at NASA Ames. Guidelines about how ADEPT models can be translated automatically into JavaPathfinder models are also discussed. C1 [Combefis, Sebastien; Pecheur, Charles] Catholic Univ Louvain, Comp Sci & Engn Dept, ICT, Elect & Appl Math Inst, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Feary, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Combefis, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Comp Sci & Engn Dept, ICT, Elect & Appl Math Inst, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM Sebastien.Combefis@uclouvain.be; Dimitra.Giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; Charles.Pecheur@uclouvain.be; Michael.S.Feary@nasa.gov FU Human System Solutions element of NASA's System-wide Safety Assurance Technologies; MoVES under the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian State Belgian Science Policy FX This work was supported by the Human System Solutions element of NASAs System-wide Safety Assurance Technologies project and by the project MoVES under the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian State Belgian Science Policy NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 1801 EP 1808 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615102015 ER PT S AU Giannakopoulou, D Rungta, N Feary, M AF Giannakopoulou, Dimitra Rungta, Neha Feary, Michael GP IEEE TI Automated Test Case Generation for an Autopilot Requirement Prototype SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE human computer interactions; symbolic execution; testing; formal methods AB Designing safety-critical automation with robust human interaction is a difficult task that is susceptible to a number of known Human-Automation Interaction (HAI) vulnerabilities. It is therefore essential to develop automated tools that provide support both in the design and rapid evaluation of such automation. The Automation Design and Evaluation Prototyping Toolset (ADEPT) enables the rapid development of an executable specification for automation behavior and user interaction. ADEPT supports a number of analysis capabilities, thus enabling the detection of HAI vulnerabilities early in the design process, when modifications are less costly. In this paper, we advocate the introduction of a new capability to model-based prototyping tools such as ADEPT. The new capability is based on symbolic execution that allows us to automatically generate quality test suites based on the system design. Symbolic execution is used to generate both user input and test oracles; user input drives the testing of the system implementation, and test oracles ensure that the system behaves as designed. We present early results in the context of a component in the Autopilot system modeled in ADEPT, and discuss the challenges of test case generation in the HAI domain. C1 [Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Rungta, Neha; Feary, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Giannakopoulou, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; neha.s.rungta@nasa.gov; michael.s.feary@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 1825 EP 1830 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615102018 ER PT S AU Huntsberger, T AF Huntsberger, Terry GP IEEE TI Clonal Selection Based Artificial Immune System for Generalized Pattern Recognition SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE artificial immune system; pattern recognition; classification ID SHAPE-SPACE; MODEL AB The last two decades has seen a rapid increase in the application of AIS (Artificial Immune Systems) modeled after the human immune system to a wide range of areas including network intrusion detection, job shop scheduling, classification, pattern recognition, and robot control. JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) has developed an integrated pattern recognition/classification system called AISLE (Artificial Immune System for Learning and Exploration) based on biologically inspired models of B-cell dynamics in the immune system. When used for unsupervised or supervised classification, the method scales linearly with the number of dimensions, has performance that is relatively independent of the total size of the dataset, and has been shown to perform as well as traditional clustering methods. When used for pattern recognition, the method efficiently isolates the appropriate matches in the data set. The paper presents the underlying structure of AISLE and the results from a number of experimental studies. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Autonomous Syst Div, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Huntsberger, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Autonomous Syst Div, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Terry.Huntsberger@jpl.nasa.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 3090 EP 3095 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615103052 ER PT S AU Jaross, G Kelly, T Flittner, D Seftor, C Buss, R Flynn, L AF Jaross, G. Kelly, T. Flittner, D. Seftor, C. Buss, R. Flynn, L. GP IEEE TI POST-LAUNCH PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE OMPS SENSORS ON NAPP SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Earth Observing System; Remote Sensing; Calibration AB The design of the instruments in the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite is each based on heritage instruments whose products have been validated via long-established techniques. The pre-launch performance characteristics of these instruments is as good or better than those of their predecessors, implying a similar result for OMPS ozone products. Each OMPS instrument, however, has unique design characteristics that have never before been applied to or have seen limited use in flight instruments. These aspects are singled out for special attention during the evaluation phase early in the NPP mission. C1 [Jaross, G.; Kelly, T.; Seftor, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Flittner, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Buss, R.] Raytheon Miss Operat Solut, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. [Flynn, L.] NOAA NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jaross, G (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3394 EP 3396 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049948 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303096 ER PT S AU Lee, CH Cheung, KM Ho, C AF Lee, Charles H. Cheung, Kar-Ming Ho, Christian GP IEEE TI A UNIFIED LOW ELEVATION ANGLE SCINTILLATION MODEL SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE tropspheric scintillation; fading; multipath effects; low elevation AB Enabling communications at very low elevation can lengthen the pass duration between a satellite and a ground station, which in turn can increase the amount of data return and possibly reduce the number of required supporting ground stations. Link performance, especially at very low angles and high frequencies, depends heavily on terrain, atmosphere, and weather, etc. Among the different crucial attenuations, scintillation fading plays a significant role and can greatly impair the performance of the link. It is therefore necessary to model correctly the overall impacts to the link due to scintillation fading. The current International Telecommunication Union Recommendation ITU-R P.618-10 describes three scintillation loss models depending on the elevation angles and percentage of time for which the loss exceeds certain threshold. Implementation of the recommendation resulted in many issues. Particularly, it was identified that (i) iterative solutions to an implicit nonlinear exponential model cannot be found in some cases, (ii) there is a discontinuity in fading values, (iii) scintillations at lower elevation angles from a model are unrealistically lower, (iv) for elevation angle between four and five degrees, there are two applicable scintillation models which yield conflicting values. In this article, we develop a new approach to unify the different fading models within the current ITU recommendation and remove the discrepancies completely. We further validated our models using the ITU-adopted scintillation data measured at Goonhilly, Great Britain and several recent NASA's Space Shuttle launches. This improved model has been provisionally approved in the ITU International Meeting in Italy, November 2010, and is being evaluated by the ITU members for adoption into the next version ITU Recommendation ITU-R P. 618-10. C1 [Lee, Charles H.; Cheung, Kar-Ming; Ho, Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Commun Architectures & Res Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, CH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Commun Architectures & Res Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 821 EP 824 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298500212 ER PT S AU Akgiray, A Weinreb, S Imbriale, W AF Akgiray, Ahmed Weinreb, Sander Imbriale, William GP IEEE TI Design and Measurements of Dual-Polarized Wideband Constant-Beamwidth Quadruple-Ridged Flared Horn SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI ID WAVE-GUIDES AB A quad-ridged, flared horn achieving nearly constant beamwidth and excellent return loss over a 6: 1 frequency bandwidth is presented. Radiation pattern measurements show excellent beamwidth stability from 2 to 12 GHz. Measured return loss is > 10 dB over the entire band and > 15 dB from 2.5 to 11 GHz. Using a custom physical optics code, system performance of a radio telescope is computed and predicted performance is average 70% aperture efficiency and 10 Kelvin of antenna noise temperature. C1 [Akgiray, Ahmed; Weinreb, Sander] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Imbriale, William] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Akgiray, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ahmed@caltech.edu NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 1135 EP 1138 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298501070 ER PT S AU Cure, D Weller, T Miranda, F Herzig, P AF Cure, David Weller, Thomas Miranda, Felix Herzig, Paul GP IEEE TI One dimensional capacitive loading in a frequency selective surface for low profile antenna applications SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE Frequency Selective Surface; High Impedance Surface; Low Profile Antennas; Area Reduction; Square Patches; Capacitive loading AB In this paper, the impact of adding discrete capacitive loading along one dimension of a frequency selective surface for low profile antenna applications is presented for the first time. The measured data demonstrates comparable performance between a non-loaded and a capacitively-loaded FSS with a significant reduction in the number of cells and/or cell geometry size. Additionally, the provision of discrete capacitive loads reduces the FSS susceptibility to fabrication tolerances based on placement of a fixed grid capacitance. The bandwidth increased from 1.8% to 7.3% for a total antenna thickness of similar to lambda/22, and from 1.5% to 9.2% for a thickness of similar to lambda/40. The total antenna area for each case was reduced by 55% and 12%, respectively. C1 [Cure, David; Weller, Thomas] Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Miranda, Felix] NASA, John H Glenn Res, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Herzig, Paul] Engn & Res Raytheon Syst, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Cure, D (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM dcure@mail.usf.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2258 EP 2261 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502124 ER PT S AU Focardi, P Brown, P Rahmat-Samii, Y AF Focardi, P. Brown, P. Rahmat-Samii, Y. GP IEEE TI A 6-m mesh reflector antenna for SMAP: modeling the RF performance of a challenging Earth-orbiting instrument SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE reflector antennas; mesh reflectors; deployable antennas; remote sensing; Earth Science; RF modeling C1 [Focardi, P.; Brown, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rahmat-Samii, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Focardi, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paolo.Focardi@JPL.NASA.Gov; Rahmat@ee.ucla.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2980 EP 2983 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298503068 ER PT S AU Chattopadhayay, G Lee, C Jung, C Lin, R Peralta, A Mehdi, I Llombert, N Thomas, B AF Chattopadhayay, Goutam Lee, Choonsup Jung, Cecil Lin, Robert Peralta, Alessandro Mehdi, Imran Llombert, Nuria Thomas, Bertrand GP IEEE TI Integrated Arrays on Silicon at Terahertz Frequencies SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE silicon micromaching; terahertz; array receivers ID TECHNOLOGY; INSTRUMENTS AB In this paper we explore various receiver font-end and antenna architecture for use in integrated arrays at terahertz frequencies. Development of wafer-level integrated terahertz receiver front-end by using advanced semiconductor fabrication technologies and use of novel integrated antennas with silicon micromachining are reported. We report novel stacking of micro-machined silicon wafers which allows for the 3-dimensional integration of various terahertz receiver components in extremely small packages which easily leads to the development of 2-dimensioanl multi-pixel receiver front-ends in the terahertz frequency range. We also report an integrated micro-lens antenna that goes with the silicon micro-machined front-end. The micro-lens antenna is fed by a waveguide that excites a silicon lens antenna through a leaky-wave or electromagnetic band gap (EBG) resonant cavity. We utilized advanced semiconductor nanofabrication techniques to design, fabricate, and demonstrate a super-compact, low-mass submillimeter-wave heterodyne front-end. When the micro-lens antenna is integrated with the receiver front-end we will be able to assemble integrated heterodyne array receivers for various applications such as multi-pixel high resolution spectrometer and imaging radar at terahertz frequencies. C1 [Chattopadhayay, Goutam; Lee, Choonsup; Jung, Cecil; Lin, Robert; Peralta, Alessandro; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Llombert, Nuria] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Thomas, Bertrand] Radiometer Phys GmbH, Meckenheim, Germany. RP Chattopadhayay, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM goutam@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 3000 EP 3003 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298503073 ER PT S AU Jamnejad, V Juan, NL AF Jamnejad, Vahraz Juan, Nuria Llombart GP IEEE TI An Analysis of Near Fields of 34m Antennas of JPL/NASA Deep Space Network SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE reflector antennas; near fields; struts; safetyconcerns; RF interference AB This paper addresses the issue of calculating near fields of the 34m Beam Waveguide (BWG) antennas of the NASA/JPL Deep Space Network (DSN). Calculating the near fields of DSN antennas are of interest in receive mode where the transmitting signals from nearby flying objects such as helicopters and airplanes could interfere with the operation of sensitive RF receiving system of DSN antennas, and in the transmit mode where fields from high-powered DSN antennas interfere with receivers on nearby flying objects, as well as safety considerations for the operators and visitors to the grounds surrounding the antenna sites. A complete and detailed analysis has been performed using PO/PTD techniques, including surface errors and support struts effects. Some results are presented, including comparisons with preliminary field tests. C1 [Jamnejad, Vahraz] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Juan, Nuria Llombart] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Opt, Madrid, Spain. RP Jamnejad, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM vahraz.jamnejad@jpl.nasa.gov; nuria.llombart@opt.ucm.es NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 3004 EP 3007 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298503074 ER PT S AU Rengarajan, SR Zawadzki, MS Hodges, RE AF Rengarajan, Sembiam R. Zawadzki, Mark S. Hodges, Richard E. GP IEEE TI Ka Band Slot Array Antenna for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Topographic Mapping Mission SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE slot array; antenna array; design of planar arrays AB This paper presents results of a study of the feasibility of Ka band slot arrays for an interferometric radar for the purpose of topographic mapping of the outer planets such as Jupiter and its moons. A small array is designed, built and tested. C1 [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Zawadzki, Mark S.; Hodges, Richard E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rengarajan, SR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM srengarajan@csun.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 3034 EP 3036 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298503082 ER PT J AU Divsalar, D Dolecek, L AF Divsalar, Dariush Dolecek, Lara GP IEEE TI Enumerators for Protograph-Based Ensembles of Nonbinary LDPC Codes SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS (ISIT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IEEE AB This paper considers the ensemble enumerators of protograph-based nonbinary (PB NB) LDPC codes. Equipped with combinatorial definitions extended to the nonbinary domain, ensemble enumerators of codeword weight, trapping set size and stopping set size are calculated. The exact enumerators are presented in the finite-length regime, and the corresponding growth rates are calculated in the asymptotic regime. Our results can provide useful analytical tools for a range of communication and storage applications employing nonbinary LDPC codes. C1 [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dolecek, Lara] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Divsalar, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; dolecek@ee.ucla.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0595-3 PY 2011 BP 913 EP 917 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX65 UT WOS:000297465101019 ER PT S AU Cochran, DJ Boutte, AJ Campola, MJ Carts, MA Casey, MC Chen, DK LaBel, KA Ladbury, RL Lauenstein, JM Marshall, CJ O'Bryan, MV Oldham, TR Pellish, JA Sanders, AB Xapsos, MA AF Cochran, Donna J. Boutte, Alvin J. Campola, Michael J. Carts, Martin A. Casey, Megan C. Chen, Dakai LaBel, Kenneth A. Ladbury, Raymond L. Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Marshall, Cheryl J. O'Bryan, Martha V. Oldham, Timothy R. Pellish, Jonathan A. Sanders, Anthony B. Xapsos, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Recent Total Ionizing Dose and Displacement Damage Compendium of Candidate Electronics for NASA Space Systems SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Displacement Damage; Optoelectronics; Proton Damage; Single Event Effects; Total Ionizing Dose AB Vulnerability of a variety of candidate spacecraft electronics to total ionizing dose and displacement damage is studied. Devices tested include optoelectronics, digital, analog, linear bipolar devices, and hybrid devices. C1 [Cochran, Donna J.; O'Bryan, Martha V.] MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Boutte, Alvin J.; Campola, Michael J.; Carts, Martin A.; Casey, Megan C.; Chen, Dakai; LaBel, Kenneth A.; Ladbury, Raymond L.; Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Marshall, Cheryl J.; Pellish, Jonathan A.; Sanders, Anthony B.; Xapsos, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Oldham, Timothy R.] Dell Perot Syst Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Cochran, DJ (reprint author), MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. EM Donna.J.Cochran@nasa.gov; Megan.C.Casey@nasa.gov; Kenneth.A.LaBel@nasa.gov; Raymond.L.Ladbury@nasa.gov; Martha.V.Obryan@nasa.gov; Timothy.R.Oldham@nasa.gov; Jonathan.A.Pellish@nasa.gov; Anthony.B.Sanders@nasa.gov FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [10-4977I, 11-4395I] FX The Authors would like to acknowledge the sponsors of this effort: NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 10-4977I and 11-4395I. The authors thank members of the Radiation Effects and Analysis Group (REAG) who contributed to the test results presented here: Melanie D. Berg, Mark Friendlich, Hak S. Kim, Anthony M. Dung-Phan, Donald K. Hawkins, James D. Forney, Tim Irwin, Christina M. Seidleck, and Stephen R. Cox. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900005 ER PT S AU O'Bryan, MV LaBel, KA Pellish, JA Lauenstein, JM Chen, DK Marshall, CJ Oldham, TR Kim, HS Phan, AM Berg, MD Campola, MJ Sanders, AB Marshall, PW Xapsos, MA Heidel, DF Rodbell, KP Swonger, JW Alexander, D Gauthier, M Gauthier, B AF O'Bryan, Martha V. LaBel, Kenneth A. Pellish, Jonathan A. Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Chen, Dakai Marshall, Cheryl J. Oldham, Timothy R. Kim, Hak S. Phan, Anthony M. Berg, Melanie D. Campola, Michael J. Sanders, Anthony B. Marshall, Paul W. Xapsos, Michael A. Heidel, David F. Rodbell, Kenneth P. Swonger, Jim W. Alexander, Don Gauthier, Michael Gauthier, Brian GP IEEE TI Recent Single Event Effects Compendium of Candidate Electronics for NASA Space Systems SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Single event effects; spacecraft electronics; digital; linear bipolar; hybrid devices ID PULSED-LASER; COMMERCIAL NAND; FLASH MEMORIES; UPSET AB We present the results of single event effects (SEE) testing and analysis investigating the effects of radiation on electronics. This paper is a summary of test results. C1 [O'Bryan, Martha V.; Kim, Hak S.; Phan, Anthony M.; Berg, Melanie D.] MEI Technol Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [O'Bryan, Martha V.; LaBel, Kenneth A.; Pellish, Jonathan A.; Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Chen, Dakai; Marshall, Cheryl J.; Oldham, Timothy R.; Kim, Hak S.; Phan, Anthony M.; Berg, Melanie D.; Campola, Michael J.; Sanders, Anthony B.; Xapsos, Michael A.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Swonger, Jim W.; Alexander, Don] Peregrine Semicond, San Diego, CA USA. [Gauthier, Michael; Gauthier, Brian] Semicoa, Torrance, CA USA. RP O'Bryan, MV (reprint author), MEI Technol Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM martha.v.obryan@nasa.gov; kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov; jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov; jean.m.lauenstein@nasa.gov; Dakai.Chen-1@nasa.gov; cheryl.j.marshall@nasa.gov; timothy.r.oldham@nasa.gov; Hak.S.Kim@nasa.gov; Anthony.M.Phan@nasa.gov; Melanie.D.Berg@nasa.gov; michael.j.campola@nasa.gov; anthony.b.sanders@nasa.gov; pwmarshall@aol.com; michael.a.xapsos@nasa.gov FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [10-4977I, 11-4395I] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 10-4977I, IACRO# 11-4395I. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 33 EP 45 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900006 ER PT S AU Bowles-Martinez, JN Thorbourn, DO Rax, BG Kenna, AJ Harris, RD Scheick, LZ Allen, GR McClure, SS AF Bowles-Martinez, J. N. Thorbourn, D. O. Rax, B. G. Kenna, A. J. Harris, R. D. Scheick, L. Z. Allen, G. R. McClure, S. S. GP IEEE TI Compendium of Recent Total Ionizing Dose Test Results Conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from 2009-2011 SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effect Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE Co60; Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS); Microelcetronics; Radiation Effects; Total Ionizing Dose (TID) AB This paper reports on the Total Ionizing Dose results for tests performed at JPL from 2009 to 2011. Various microelectronic devices were evaluated to support upcoming missions and research and development projects. C1 [Bowles-Martinez, J. N.; Thorbourn, D. O.; Rax, B. G.; Kenna, A. J.; Harris, R. D.; Scheick, L. Z.; Allen, G. R.; McClure, S. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bowles-Martinez, JN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jbowlesm@jpl.nasa.gov; steven.s.mcclure@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0535 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RAD EFFECT PY 2011 BP 46 EP 56 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900007 ER PT S AU Allen, GR Madias, G Miller, E Swift, G AF Allen, Gregory R. Madias, George Miller, Eric Swift, Gary GP IEEE TI Recent Single Event Effects Results in Advanced Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Single-Event Effects; Field Programmable GateArrays; Single-Event Latchup AB Radiation results from modern SRAM-based reconfigurable FPGAs are presented. The 65nm Xilinx Mil/Aero Virtex-5, SiliconBlue iCE65, and 40nm Altera Stratix-IV are evaluated for SEE. C1 [Allen, Gregory R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Madias, George; Miller, Eric] Boeing Space & Intelligence Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Swift, Gary] Xilinx Inc, San Jose, CA 95124 USA. RP Allen, GR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Gregory.R.Allen@jpl.nasa.gov; George.n.madias@boeing.com; eric.j.miller@boeing.com; gswift@xilinx.com FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); NASA Electronics Parts Program (NEPP) FX Manuscript received July 25, 2011. Parts of this work were carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) with funding from the NASA Electronics Parts Program (NEPP). Copyright 2010. All rights reserved. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900015 ER PT S AU Guertin, SM Hafer, C Griffith, S AF Guertin, Steven M. Hafer, Craig Griffith, Steve GP IEEE TI Investigation of Low Cross Section Events in the RHBD/FT UT699 LEON 3FT SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm AB The Aeroflex UT699 LEON 3FT RHBD microprocessor was tested for SEE. Testing showed the UT699 is sensitive to a register SEE above LET = 10 MeV-cm(2)/mg which is of limited impact due to a space rate of approximately 5x10(-6)/device-year. This is on the same order of magnitude with earlier SEE rates predicted from FF upsets. Results were also collected for SpaceWire ports, Watchdog circuitry, SRAM elements (including L1 instruction, L1 data caches), and other potential disruptive events where the processor response could range from error mode to kernel or user thread killing to silent passing of bad data. C1 [Guertin, Steven M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hafer, Craig; Griffith, Steve] Aeroflex, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Guertin, SM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM steven.m.guertin@jpl.nasa.gov; craig.hafer@aeroflex.com; griffith@aeroflex.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP) FX The research in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 122 EP 129 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900019 ER PT S AU Irom, F Nguyen, DN AF Irom, Farokh Nguyen, Duc N. GP IEEE TI SEE and TID Response of Spansion 512Mb NOR Flash Memory SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effect Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID COMMERCIAL NAND AB Single event effect (SEE) and total ionizing dose (TID) response for Spansion 512Mb NOR flash memory are reported. Three SEE phenomena were investigated: single event upsets (SEUs), single event functional interrupts (SEFIs), and high current events. TID measurements were performed in two modes: Erase/Program/Read and Read Only. C1 [Irom, Farokh; Nguyen, Duc N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Irom, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov; duc.n.nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0535 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RAD EFFECT PY 2011 BP 143 EP 146 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900022 ER PT S AU Oldham, TR Berg, M Friendlich, M Wilcox, T Seidleck, C LaBel, KA Irom, F Buchner, SP McMorrow, D Mavis, DG Eaton, PH Castillo, J AF Oldham, Timothy R. Berg, Melanie Friendlich, Mark Wilcox, Ted Seidleck, Christina LaBel, Kenneth A. Irom, Farokh Buchner, Steven P. McMorrow, Dale Mavis, David G. Eaton, Paul H. Castillo, James GP IEEE TI Investigation of Current Spike Phenomena During Heavy Ion Irradiation of NAND Flash Memories SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm ID COMMERCIAL NAND AB A series of heavy ion and laser irradiations was performed to investigate previously reported current spikes in flash memories. High current events were observed, however, none matches the previously reported spikes. Plausible mechanisms are discussed. C1 [Oldham, Timothy R.] Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Berg, Melanie; Friendlich, Mark; Wilcox, Ted; Seidleck, Christina] MEI Technol Inc, Houston, TX USA. [LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Irom, Farokh] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Buchner, Steven P.; McMorrow, Dale] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Mavis, David G.; Eaton, Paul H.; Castillo, James] Micro RDC Inc, Urbana, IL USA. RP Oldham, TR (reprint author), Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [11-4395I] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 11-4395I. The authors wish to thank Martha OBryan and Donna Cochran for technical assistance in preparing both the poster and the final manuscript for this paper. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 152 EP 160 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900024 ER PT S AU Harris, RD Scheick, LZ Hoffman, JP Thrivikraman, T Jenabi, M Gim, Y Miyahira, T AF Harris, Richard D. Scheick, Leif Z. Hoffman, James P. Thrivikraman, Tushar Jenabi, Masud Gim, Yonggyu Miyahira, Tetsuo GP IEEE TI Radiation Characterization of Commercial GaN Devices SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effect Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS AB Commercially available devices fabricated from GaN are beginning to appear from a number of different suppliers. In this initial study of the radiation tolerance of commercial GaN devices, several device types from several suppliers were chosen. Three different studies were performed: 1) a preliminary DDD/TID test of a variety of part types was performed by irradiating with 55 MeV protons, 2) a detailed DDD/TID study of one particular part type was performed by irradiating with 55 MeV protons, and 3) a SEB/SEGR test was performed on a variety of part types by irradiating with heavy ions. No significant degradation was observed in any of the tests performed in this study. C1 [Harris, Richard D.; Scheick, Leif Z.; Hoffman, James P.; Thrivikraman, Tushar; Jenabi, Masud; Gim, Yonggyu; Miyahira, Tetsuo] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Harris, RD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM richard.d.harris@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0535 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RAD EFFECT PY 2011 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900028 ER PT S AU Scheick, LZ Gauthier, M Gauthier, B Triggs, B AF Scheick, Leif Z. Gauthier, Michael Gauthier, Brian Triggs, Brian GP IEEE TI Recent Power MOSFET Test Results SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm ID EVENT GATE RUPTURE; SEGR; ENERGY AB The results of recent Single Event Effect (SEE) testing of newly available power MOSFETS are presented. C1 [Scheick, Leif Z.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gauthier, Michael; Gauthier, Brian; Triggs, Brian] Semicoa Corp, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. RP Scheick, LZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM leif.z.scheick@jpl.nasa.gov; MGauthier@semicoa.com; BGauthier@semicoa.com; BTriggs@semicoa.com FU Government sponsorship; NASA Electronics Parts and Packaging Program FX The research in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2011 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Partial support from the NASA Electronics Parts and Packaging Program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900029 ER PT S AU Koontz, S Reddell, B Boeder, P AF Koontz, Steve Reddell, Brandon Boeder, Paul GP IEEE TI Calculating Spacecraft Single Event Environments with FLUKA: Investigating the effects of spacecraft material atomic number on secondary particle showers, nuclear reactions, and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra, internal to spacecraft avionics materials, at high shielding mass SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm ID RATE PREDICTION; UPSET; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; RATES; CODE AB The contribution, to spacecraft avionics single event effect (SEE), nuclear reaction (NR), and total ionizing dose (TID) environments, of space radiation induced nuclear reactions and secondary particle showers in spacecraft materials is explored using the FLUKA Monte Carlo energetic particle transport code. Estimates of spacecraft single event upset rates produced using FLUKA based methods are compared to flight data. The elemental composition of avionics devices is shown to affect device SEE, NR, and TID environments as does the composition of the spacecraft structural shielding mass. C1 [Koontz, Steve; Reddell, Brandon] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code ES4 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Boeder, Paul] Boeing Co, Houston, TX 77059 USA. RP Koontz, S (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code ES4 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM steven.l.koontz@nasa.gov; brandon.d.reddell@nasa.gov; paul.a.boeder@boeing.com NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 188 EP 195 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900030 ER PT S AU Amadjikpe, AL Choudhury, D Ponchak, GE Papapolymerou, J AF Amadjikpe, A. L. Choudhury, D. Ponchak, G. E. Papapolymerou, J. GP IEEE TI 60 GHz Antenna Integration in a Laptop Computer Base for WPAN Applications SO 2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS) SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) CY JAN 16-19, 2011 CL Phoenix, AR SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Vehicle Tech Soc (VTS) DE 60 GHz; antenna integration; diffraction; WPAN AB 60 GHz antennas are embedded in a laptop base to evaluate radiation characteristics from different locations. It is shown that unlike at 2.4 GHz, the base-mounted antenna is very sensitive to small shape deformations from the cover platform, and this is attributed to diffraction from these deformations that are within a wavelength at 60 GHz. Effects of the lid on the base-mounted antenna are also investigated. C1 [Amadjikpe, A. L.; Papapolymerou, J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Choudhury, D.] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Ponchak, G. E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Amadjikpe, AL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. FU Intel Corporation FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Intel Corporation, for funding this work. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 978-1-4244-7685-5 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2011 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1109/RWS.2011.5725494 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYM97 UT WOS:000299393600012 ER PT S AU Scardelletti, MC Jastram, N Ponchak, GE Franklin, RR AF Scardelletti, Maximilian C. Jastram, Nathan Ponchak, George E. Franklin, Rhonda R. GP IEEE TI Characteristics of Planar Monopole Antenna on High Impedance Electromagnetic Surface SO 2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS) SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) CY JAN 16-19, 2011 CL Phoenix, AR SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Vehicle Tech Soc (VTS) DE Antenna; Artificial Magnetic Conductor; High Impedance Electromagnetic Surface ID ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTOR; BAND AB This paper presents for the first time measured characteristics of a planar monopole antenna placed directly on a high impedance electromagnetic surface or artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). The return loss and radiation patterns are compared between the antenna in free space, and when placed directly on a perfect electrical conductor (PEC), and on the AMC. The antenna measured in free space has a wide pass band from 3 to 10 GHz. The return loss for the antenna on the PEC is nearly all reflected back and the return loss for the antenna on the AMC has a 10 dB bandwidth from 7.5 to 9.5 GHz. The gain of the antenna in free space, on PEC and on AMC is 1, -12 and 10 dBi, respectively. This indicates that the AMC is working properly, sending all the radiation outward with little loss. C1 [Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Jastram, Nathan; Ponchak, George E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Jastram, Nathan; Franklin, Rhonda R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Scardelletti, MC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RI Franklin, Rhonda/C-8037-2011 FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) program. The authors thank Nicholas C. Varaljay and Elizabeth A.McQuaid for fabricating the circuits. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 978-1-4244-7685-5 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2011 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1109/RWS.2011.5725505 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYM97 UT WOS:000299393600021 ER PT S AU Ponchak, GE Amadjikpe, AL Choudhury, D Papapolymerou, J AF Ponchak, George E. Amadjikpe, Arnaud L. Choudhury, Debabani Papapolymerou, John GP IEEE TI Experimental Investigation of 60 GHz Transmission Characteristics Between Computers on a Conference Table for WPAN Applications SO 2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS) SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) CY JAN 16-19, 2011 CL Phoenix, AR SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Vehicle Tech Soc (VTS) DE indoor radio communications; WPAN; antennas; embedded antennas in laptop computers ID ENVIRONMENT; BAND AB In this paper, the first measurements of the received radiated power between antennas located on a conference table to simulate the environment of antennas embedded in laptop computers for 60 GHz WPAN applications is presented. A high gain horn antenna and a medium gain microstrip patch antenna for two linear polarizations are compared. It is shown that for a typical conference table arrangement with five computers, books, pens, and coffee cups, the antennas should be placed a minimum of 5 cm above the table, but that a height of greater than 20 cm may be required to maximize the received power in all cases. C1 [Ponchak, George E.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA. [Choudhury, Debabani] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Ponchak, GE (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 978-1-4244-7685-5 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2011 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1109/RWS.2011.5725434 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYM97 UT WOS:000299393600080 ER PT S AU Dahl, KP Thompson, DR McLaren, D Chao, Y Chien, S AF Dahl, Kristen P. Thompson, David R. McLaren, David Chao, Yi Chien, Steve GP IEEE TI Current-Sensitive Path Planning for an Underactuated Free-floating Ocean Sensorweb SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 25-30, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS) AB This work investigates multiagent path planning in strong, dynamic currents using thousands of highly underactuated vehicles. We address the specific task of path planning for a global network of ocean-observing floats. These submersibles are typified by the Argo global network consisting of over 3000 sensor platforms. They can control their buoyancy to float at depth for data collection or rise to the surface for satellite communications. Currently, floats drift at a constant depth regardless of the local currents. However, accurate current forecasts have become available which present the possibility of intentionally controlling floats' motion by dynamically commanding them to linger at different depths. This project explores the use of these current predictions to direct float networks to some desired final formation or position. It presents multiple algorithms for such path optimization and demonstrates their advantage over the standard approach of constant-depth drifting. C1 [Dahl, Kristen P.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91126 USA. [Thompson, David R.; McLaren, David; Chao, Yi; Chien, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dahl, KP (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91126 USA. EM kdahl@caltech.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-61284-455-8 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2011 BP 3140 EP 3146 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BXX70 UT WOS:000297477503075 ER PT S AU Kuwata, Y Wolf, MT Zarzhitsky, D Huntsberger, TL AF Kuwata, Yoshiaki Wolf, Michael T. Zarzhitsky, Dimitri Huntsberger, Terrance L. GP IEEE TI Safe Maritime Navigation with COLREGS Using Velocity Obstacles SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 25-30, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS) DE COLREGS; Velocity Obstacles; Maritime Navigation; USV ID VEHICLES AB This paper presents a motion planning algorithm for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) to navigate safely in dynamic, cluttered environments. The proposed algorithm not only addresses Hazard Avoidance (HA) for stationary and moving hazards but also applies the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (known as COLREGS). The COLREGS rules specify, for example, which vessel is responsible for giving way to the other and to which side of the "stand-on" vessel to maneuver. The three primary COLREGS rules were considered in this paper: crossing, overtaking, and head-on situations. For USVs to be safely deployed in environments with other traffic boats, it is imperative that the USV's navigation algorithm obey COLREGS. Note also that if other boats disregard their responsibility under COLREGS, the USV will still apply its HA algorithms to avoid a collision. The proposed approach is based on Velocity Obstacles, which generates a cone-shaped obstacle in the velocity space. Because Velocity Obstacles also specify which side of the obstacle the vehicle will pass during the avoidance maneuver, COLREGS are encoded in the velocity space very naturally. The algorithm is demonstrated via both simulation and on-water tests. C1 [Kuwata, Yoshiaki; Wolf, Michael T.; Zarzhitsky, Dimitri; Huntsberger, Terrance L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuwata, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Yoshiaki.Kuwata@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-61284-455-8 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2011 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BXX70 UT WOS:000297477505014 ER PT S AU Liu, D Hostetler, C Cook, A Miller, I Hair, J AF Liu, Dong Hostetler, Chris Cook, Anthony Miller, Ian Hair, Johnathan BE Wang, Y Sheng, Y Shieh, HP Tatsuno, K TI Modeling of a field-widened Michelson interferometric filter for application in a high spectral resolution lidar SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNOLOGY: OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND MODERN OPTOELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology (OIT) - Optical Systems and Modern Optoelectronic Instruments CY NOV 06-09, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Instrument & Control Soc (CIS), Chinese Opt Soc (COS), SPIE DE field-widened; Michelson interferometer; spectral filter; high spectral resolution lidar; system modeling ID COEFFICIENTS; EXTINCTION AB High spectral resolution lidars (HSRLs) are increasingly being deployed on aircraft and called for on future space-based missions. The HSRL technique relies on spectral discrimination of the atmospheric backscatter signals to enable independent, unambiguous retrieval of aerosol extinction and backscatter. A compact, monolithic field-widened Michelson interferometer is being developed as the spectral discrimination filter for an HSRL system at NASA Langley Research Center. The interferometer consists of a cubic beam splitter, a solid glass arm, and an air arm. The spacer that connects the air arm mirror to the main part of the interferometer is designed to optimize thermal compensation such that the maximum interference can be tuned with great precision to the transmitted laser wavelength. In this paper, a comprehensive radiometric model for the field-widened Michelson interferometeric spectral filter is presented. The model incorporates the angular distribution and finite cross sectional area of the light source, reflectance of all surfaces, loss of absorption, and lack of parallelism between the air-arm and solid arm, etc. The model can be used to assess the performance of the interferometer and thus it is a useful tool to evaluate performance budgets and to set optical specifications for new designs of the same basic interferometer type. C1 [Liu, Dong; Hostetler, Chris; Cook, Anthony; Hair, Johnathan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM dong.liu@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-838-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8197 AR 81971H DI 10.1117/12.907546 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BYI07 UT WOS:000298878400049 ER PT J AU Hoffman, E AF Hoffman, Ed BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR Daim, TU TI Grand Challenges and Projects: Facilitating Knowledge, Learning and Innovation SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF PICMET 11: TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT IN THE ENERGY-SMART WORLD (PICMET) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) Conference on Technology Management in the Energy-Smart World CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL Portland, OR SP Portland State Univ, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Engn & Technol Management, Portland State Univ, Off Informat Technol, IKON Off Solut AB The development of sustainable sources of energy is the grand challenge of the early 21st century, much as the moon landing was the first grand challenge of the Space Age. The organizational approach to these challenges, which require significant knowledge, learning, and innovation, is project-based: project management teams coordinate diverse discipline experts, scientists, engineers, business professionals, suppliers, and other partners in the design, development, and implementation of one-of-a-kind solutions to highly complex problems. The NASA Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership helps build NASA's capability to tackle grand challenges by facilitating learning at the individual, team, and organizational levels. Through strategies that emphasize technology-enabled learning, direct support to project teams, and knowledge sharing, the Academy creates multiple "touch points" for professional development. In the process, individuals build their competencies and skills, teams get the support they need in the field, and the agency matures as a learning organization. It is a flexible model that is highly adaptable to project-based organizations pursing the grand challenge of our time. C1 [Hoffman, Ed] NASA, Acad Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Hoffman, E (reprint author), NASA, Acad Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-890843-23-6 PY 2011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYF23 UT WOS:000298384400197 ER PT S AU Eberspeaker, PJ Pierce, DL AF Eberspeaker, P. J. Pierce, D. L. BE Ouwehand, L TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS AND BALLOON PROGRAMS SO 20TH ESA SYMPOSIUM ON EUROPEAN ROCKET AND BALLOON PROGRAMMES AND RELATED RESEARCH SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research CY MAY 22-26, 2011 CL Hyere, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, Swedish Space Corp Sweden, Rymdstyrelsen Swedish Natl Space Board, Deutsch Zentrum Luft Raumfahrt, Andoya Rocket Range, Swiss Fed Inst Technol AB The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sounding Rockets and Balloon Programs conduct a total of 30 to 40 missions per year in support of the NASA scientific community and other users. The NASA Sounding Rockets Program supports the science community by integrating their experiments into the sounding rocket payloads, and providing both the rocket vehicle and launch operations services. Activities since 2009 have included one flight from Andoya Rocket Range, more than ten flights from White Sands Missile Range, approximately six flights from Wallops Flight Facility, and an additional four flights from Poker Flat Research Range. Other activities include one developmental flight of the Terrier-Improved Malemute launch vehicle, the development of a high data rate telemetry capability, and numerous smaller activities to improve program support capabilities. Future missions include two flights from the Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific Ocean and two flights from Andoya Rocket Range in 2012. Preliminary planning is underway for a possible launch campaigns in Woomera, Australia in the 2014 and 2016 time frame. The NASA Balloon Program supported numerous science missions in 2009 - 2010 with flights from the U.S., Sweden, Australia, and Antarctica. In addition, NASA continues incremental design qualification towards development of heavy lift super pressure balloons, capable of supporting upwards of one hundred day missions. New flight and ground safety procedures have been implemented to provide enhanced launch and flight safety. C1 [Eberspeaker, P. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Sounding Rocket Program Off, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Eberspeaker, PJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Sounding Rocket Program Off, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9092-264-3 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2011 VL 700 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BGZ78 UT WOS:000324759000006 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP AF Stahl, H. Philip BE RodriguezVera, R DiazUribe, R TI Rules for Optical Metrology SO 22ND CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: LIGHT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Light for the Development of the World CY AUG 15-19, 2011 CL Puebla, MEXICO SP Centro Investigaciones Optica (CIO), Instituto Nacl Astrofisica, Optica Electronica (INAOE), Universidad Nacl Autonoma Mexico (UNAM), Centro Investigacion Cientifica Educacion Super Ensenada (CICESE), Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnologia (CONACYT), Centro Ciencias Aplicadas Desarrollo Tecnologico UNAM (CCADET-UNAM), Benemerita Universidad Autonoma Puebla, Int Commiss Opt (ICO), Opt Soc Amer (OSA), Centro Latinoamericano Fisica (CLAF), SPIE, Div Optica Sociedad Mexicana Fisica (DIVO-SMF), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP) DE Optical Metrology; Optical Testing AB Based on 30 years of optical testing experience, I have defined seven guiding principles for optical testing. This paper introduces these rules and discusses examples of their application. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM h.philip.stahl@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-585-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8011 AR 80111B DI 10.1117/12.902826 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXY01 UT WOS:000297585800047 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP Henrichs, T AF Stahl, H. Philip Henrichs, Todd BE RodriguezVera, R DiazUribe, R TI Cost Modeling for Space Optical Telescope Assemblies SO 22ND CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: LIGHT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Light for the Development of the World CY AUG 15-19, 2011 CL Puebla, MEXICO SP Centro Investigaciones Optica (CIO), Instituto Nacl Astrofisica, Optica Electronica (INAOE), Universidad Nacl Autonoma Mexico (UNAM), Centro Investigacion Cientifica Educacion Super Ensenada (CICESE), Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnologia (CONACYT), Centro Ciencias Aplicadas Desarrollo Tecnologico UNAM (CCADET-UNAM), Benemerita Universidad Autonoma Puebla, Int Commiss Opt (ICO), Opt Soc Amer (OSA), Centro Latinoamericano Fisica (CLAF), SPIE, Div Optica Sociedad Mexicana Fisica (DIVO-SMF), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP) DE Space Telescope Cost Model; Parametric Cost Model AB Parametric cost models are used to plan missions, compare concepts and justify technology investments. This paper reviews an on-going effort to develop cost modes for space telescopes. This paper summarizes the methodology used to develop cost models and documents how changes to the database have changed previously published preliminary cost models. While the cost models are evolving, the previously published findings remain valid: it costs less per square meter of collecting aperture to build a large telescope than a small telescope; technology development as a function of time reduces cost; and lower areal density telescopes cost more than more massive telescopes. C1 [Stahl, H. Philip] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-585-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8011 AR 80111C DI 10.1117/12.902829 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXY01 UT WOS:000297585800048 ER PT S AU Tucker, OJ Erwin, JT Johnson, RE Volkov, AN Cassidy, TA AF Tucker, Orenthal J. Erwin, Justin T. Johnson, Robert E. Volkov, Alexey N. Cassidy, Timothy A. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI Fluid/Kinetic Hybrid Simulation of Atmospheric Escape: Pluto SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA), Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE Jeans escape; Slow Hydrodynamic; Pluto; Thermal escape ID DYNAMICS; N-2 AB A hybrid fluid/molecular kinetic model was developed to describe the escape of molecules from the gravitational well of a planet's atmosphere. This model was applied to a one dimensional, radial description of molecular escape from the atmosphere of Pluto and compared to purely fluid dynamic simulations of escape for two solar heating cases. The hybrid simulations show that the atmospheric temperature vs. altitude and the escape rates can differ significantly from those obtained using only a fluid description of the atmosphere. C1 [Tucker, Orenthal J.; Erwin, Justin T.; Johnson, Robert E.; Volkov, Alexey N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Cassidy, Timothy A.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tucker, OJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. FU NASA's Planetary Atmosphere program [NNX09AB68G]; NSF Astronomy program [AST-0908378] FX Support from NASAs Planetary Atmosphere program (#NNX09AB68G) & NSF Astronomy program (#AST-0908378). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 1145 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3562798 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300178 ER PT J AU Mithal, V Garg, A Boriah, S Steinbach, M Kumar, V Potter, C Klooster, S Castilla-Rubio, JC AF Mithal, Varun Garg, Ashish Boriah, Shyam Steinbach, Michael Kumar, Vipin Potter, Christopher Klooster, Steven Castilla-Rubio, Juan Carlos TI Monitoring Global Forest Cover Using Data Mining SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Design; Performance; Computational sustainability; forest cover change; land change; remote sensing AB Forests are a critical component of the planet's ecosystem. Unfortunately, there has been significant degradation in forest cover over recent decades as a result of logging, conversion to crop, plantation, and pasture land, or disasters (natural or man made) such as forest fires, floods, and hurricanes. As a result, significant attention is being given to the sustainable use of forests. A key to effective forest management is quantifiable knowledge about changes in forest cover. This requires identification and characterization of changes and the discovery of the relationship between these changes and natural and anthropogenic variables. In this article, we present our preliminary efforts and achievements in addressing some of these tasks along with the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed in the future. At a higher level, our goal is to provide an overview of the exciting opportunities and challenges in developing and applying data mining approaches to provide critical information for forest and land use management. C1 [Mithal, Varun; Garg, Ashish; Boriah, Shyam; Steinbach, Michael; Kumar, Vipin] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Potter, Christopher; Klooster, Steven] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Kumar, V (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4-192 Keller Hall,200 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kumar@cs.umn.edu FU NSF [IIS-0713227, IIS-0905581]; NASA [NNX09AL60G]; University of Minnesota MN Futures Program; Planetary Skin Institute FX The research described in this article was supported by NSF Grant IIS-0713227, NSF Grant IIS-0905581, NASA Grant NNX09AL60G, the University of Minnesota MN Futures Program, and by the Planetary Skin Institute whose objective is to develop contextually sensitive resource and risk management decision support capabilities of local, regional, and global application. Access to computing facilities was provided by the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 2157-6904 J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI AR 36 DI 10.1145/1989734.1989740 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA V27MK UT WOS:000208617100006 ER PT J AU Reddy, SY Frank, JD Iatauro, MJ Boyce, ME Kurklu, E Al-Chang, M Jonsson, AK AF Reddy, Sudhakar Y. Frank, Jeremy D. Iatauro, Michael J. Boyce, Matthew E. Kuerklue, Elif Al-Chang, Mitchell Jonsson, Ari K. TI Planning Solar Array Operations on the International Space Station SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Planning; scheduling; constraint satisfaction; optimization; space mission operations AB Flight controllers manage the orientation and modes of eight large solar arrays that power the International Space Station (ISS). The task requires generating plans that balance complex constraints and preferences. These considerations include context-dependent constraints on viable solar array configurations, temporal limits on transitions between configurations, and preferences on which considerations have priority. The Solar Array Constraint Engine (SACE) treats this operations planning problem as a sequence of tractable constrained optimization problems. SACE uses constraint management and automated planning capabilities to reason about the constraints, to find optimal array configurations subject to these constraints and solution preferences, and to automatically generate solar array operations plans. SACE further provides flight controllers with real-time situational awareness and what-if analysis capabilities. SACE is built on the Extensible Universal Remote Operations Planning Architecture (EUROPA) model-based planning system. EUROPA facilitated SACE development by providing model-based planning, built-in constraint reasoning capability, and extensibility. This article formulates the planning problem, explains how EUROPA solves the problem, and provides performance statistics from several planning scenarios. SACE reduces a highly manual process that takes weeks to an automated process that takes tens of minutes. C1 [Reddy, Sudhakar Y.] Boeing Co, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. [Frank, Jeremy D.; Iatauro, Michael J.; Boyce, Matthew E.; Kuerklue, Elif; Al-Chang, Mitchell] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Jonsson, Ari K.] Reykjavik Univ, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Reddy, SY (reprint author), Boeing Co, 5301 Bolsa Ave,MC H017-D420, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. EM sudhakar.y.reddy@boeing.com NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 2157-6904 J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI AR 41 DI 10.1145/1989734.1989745 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA V27MK UT WOS:000208617100011 ER PT J AU Dyke, G Gill, S Davies, R Betorz, F Andalsvik, Y Cackler, J Dos Santos, W Dunlop, K Ferreira, I Kebe, F Lamboglia, E Matsubara, Y Nikolaidis, V Ostoja-Starzewski, S Sakita, M Verstappen, N AF Dyke, G. Gill, S. Davies, R. Betorz, F. Andalsvik, Y. Cackler, J. Dos Santos, W. Dunlop, K. Ferreira, I. Kebe, F. Lamboglia, E. Matsubara, Y. Nikolaidis, V. Ostoja-Starzewski, S. Sakita, M. Verstappen, N. TI Dream project: Applications of earth observations to disaster risk management SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Earth observation; Disaster risk management; Disasters; International space university; Space studies program; World Bank; CAPRA ID POLICY AB The field of disaster risk management is relatively new and takes a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to the threat of natural and man-made disasters. Disaster risk management consists primarily of risk assessment and the development of strategies to mitigate disaster risk. This paper will discuss how increasing both Earth observation data and information technology capabilities can contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in Belize. The paper presents the results and recommendations of a project conducted by an international and interdisciplinary team of experts at the 2009 session of the International Space University in NASA Ames Research Center (California, USA). The aim is to explore the combination of current, planned and potential space-aided, airborne, and ground-based Earth observation tools, the emergence of powerful new web-based and mobile data management tools, and how this combination can support and improve the emerging field of disaster risk management. The starting point of the project was the World Bank's Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) program, focused in Central America. This program was used as a test bed to analyze current space technologies used in risk management and develop new strategies and tools to be applied in other regions around the world. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gill, S.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Davies, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Western Disaster Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Betorz, F.; Andalsvik, Y.; Cackler, J.; Dos Santos, W.; Dunlop, K.; Ferreira, I.; Kebe, F.; Lamboglia, E.; Matsubara, Y.; Nikolaidis, V.; Ostoja-Starzewski, S.; Sakita, M.; Verstappen, N.] Int Space Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. EM george@georgedyke.com; sgill@worldbank.org; davies@westerndisastercenter.org FU World Bank FX The DREAM Project was generously sponsored by the World Bank. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to the individuals who contributed their energy, time, and motivation to assist in making this project an achievement. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.06.018 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 682FL UT WOS:000284386700030 ER PT S AU Zhao, M Monnier, JD Che, X AF Zhao, Ming Monnier, John D. Che, Xiao BE Neiner, C Wade, G Meynet, G Peters, G TI Interferometric studies of rapid rotators SO ACTIVE OB STARS: STRUCTURE, EVOLUTION, MASS-LOSS, AND CRITICAL LIMITS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 272nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Active OB Stars: Structure, Evolution, Mass-Loss, and Critical Limits CY JUL 19-23, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int Astronom Union, Region Ile France, CNRS, Inst Natl Sci Univ, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, GEPI Lab, Sci Council Paris Observ, A & A, EDP Sci DE stars: fundamental parameters; stars: rotation; stars: imaging; techniques: interferometric ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; POLE-ON STAR; ROTATING STARS; CHARA ARRAY; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; ALPHA OPHIUCHI; B-STARS; A-TYPE; VEGA; STELLAR AB Stellar rotation, like stellar mass and metallicity, is a fundamental property of stars. Rapid rotation distorts the stellar photosphere and affects a star's luminosity, abundances and evolution. It is also linked to stellar wind and mass loss. The distortion of the stellar photosphere due to rapid rotation causes the stellar surface brightness and effective temperature to vary with latitude, leading to a bright pole and a dark equator - a phenomenon known as 'Gravity Darkening'. Thanks to the development of long baseline optical interferometry in recent years, optical interferometers have resolved the elongation of rapidly rotating stars, and have even imaged a few systems for the first time, directly confirming the gravity darkening effect. In this paper, we review the recent interferometric studies of rapid rotators, particularly the imaging results from CHARA-MIRC. These sub-milliarcsecond resolution observations permit the determination of the inclination, the polar and equatorial radius and temperature, as well as the fractional rotation speed of several rapid rotators with unprecedented precision. The modeling also allows the determination of the true effective temperatures and luminosities of these stars, permitting the investigation of their true locations on the HR diagram. Discrepancies from standard models were also found in some measurements, suggesting the requirement of more sophisticated mechanisms such as non-uniform rotation in the model. These observations have demonstrated that optical interferometry is now sufficiently mature to provide valuable constraints and even model-independent images to shed light on the basic physics of stars. C1 [Zhao, Ming] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM ming.zhao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-52119-840-0 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2011 VL 272 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1017/S1743921311009963 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BWP46 UT WOS:000294438200006 ER PT S AU Eldridge, JI Zhu, DM Wolfe, DE AF Eldridge, Jeffrey I. Zhu, Dongming Wolfe, Douglas E. BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Zhou, Y Widjaja, S Singh, D TI MONITORING DELAMINATION OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS DURING INTERRUPTED HIGH-HEAT-FLUX LASER TESTING USING UPCONVERSION LUMINESCENCE IMAGING SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div, Amer Ceram Soc ID CYCLIC OXIDATION; SUBLAYERS; GRADIENT; SENSOR AB Upconversion luminescence imaging of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has been shown to successfully monitor TBC delamination progression during interrupted furnace cycling. However, furnace cycling does not adequately model engine conditions where TBC-coated components are subjected to significant heat fluxes that produce through-thickness temperature gradients that may alter both the rate and path of delamination progression. Therefore, new measurements are presented based on luminescence imaging of TBC-coated specimens subjected to interrupted high-heat-flux laser cycling exposures that much better simulate the thermal gradients present in engine conditions. The TBCs tested were deposited by electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and were composed of 7wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) with an integrated delamination sensing layer composed of 7YSZ co-doped with erbium and ytterbium (7YSZ:Er,Yb). The high-heat-flux exposures that produce the desired through-thickness thermal gradients were performed using a high power CO2 laser operating at a wavelength of 10.6 microns. Upconversion luminescence images revealed the debond progression produced by the cyclic high-heat-flux exposures and these results were compared to that observed for furnace cycling. C1 [Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Zhu, Dongming] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Wolfe, Douglas E.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Eldridge, JI (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing Program FX Funding by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing Program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-17258-2; 978-1-118-05988-3 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFK95 UT WOS:000320328500002 ER PT S AU Harder, BJ Zhu, D AF Harder, B. J. Zhu, D. BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Zhou, Y Widjaja, S Singh, D TI PLASMA SPRAY-PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PS-PVD) OF CERAMICS FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications / MAX Phases Symposium were held at the 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS) ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS AB In order to generate advanced multilayer thermal and environmental protection systems, a new deposition process is needed to bridge the gap between conventional plasma spray, which produces relatively thick coatings on the order of 125-250 microns, and conventional vapor phase processes such as electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) which are limited by relatively slow deposition rates, high investment costs, and coating material vapor pressure requirements. The use of Plasma Spray - Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) processing fills this gap and allows thin (< 10 m) single layers to be deposited and multilayer coatings of less than 100 m to be generated with the flexibility to tailor microstructures by changing processing conditions. A PS-PVD processing facility has been recently built at the NASA Glenn Research Center and is being applied to the development of advanced coatings for turbine engine hot section components. To develop a basis for understanding the range of processing parameters and the effect on coating microstructure for this new processing capability at NASA GRC, a design-of-experiments was used to deposit coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) onto NiCrAlY bond coated superalloy substrates to examine the effects of process variables (Ar/He plasma gas ratio, the total plasma gas flow, and the torch current) on chamber pressure and torch power. Coating thickness, phase and microstructure were evaluated for each set of deposition conditions. Low chamber pressures and high power were shown to increase coating thickness and create columnar-like structures. Likewise, high chamber pressures and low power had lower deposition rates, but resulted in flatter, more homogeneous thicknesses. The trends identified in this study are being used to improve coating processing control and to guide parameters for tailoring the microstructure of advanced coatings. C1 [Harder, B. J.; Zhu, D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Harder, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-17258-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFK95 UT WOS:000320328500008 ER PT J AU Rossmanith, G Modest, H Rath, C Banday, AJ Gorski, KM Morfill, G AF Rossmanith, G. Modest, H. Raeth, C. Banday, A. J. Gorski, K. M. Morfill, G. TI Search for Non-Gaussianities in the WMAP Data with the Scaling Index Method SO ADVANCES IN ASTRONOMY LA English DT Review AB In the recent years, non-Gaussianity and statistical isotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) was investigated with various statistical measures, first and foremost by means of the measurements of theWMAP satellite. In this paper, we focus on the analyses that were accomplished with a measure of local type, the so-called Scaling Index Method (SIM). The SIM is able to detect structural characteristics of a given data set and has proven to be highly valuable in CMB analysis. It was used for comparing the data set with simulations as well as surrogates, which are full-sky maps generated by randomisation of previously selected features of the original map. During these investigations, strong evidence for non-Gaussianities as well as asymmetries and local features could be detected. In combination with the surrogates approach, the SIM detected the highest significances for non-Gaussianity to date. C1 [Rossmanith, G.; Modest, H.; Raeth, C.; Morfill, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Banday, A. J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31058 Toulouse, France. [Banday, A. J.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Banday, A. J.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Gorski, K. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Rossmanith, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM rossmanith@mpe.mpg.de NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-7969 EI 1687-7977 J9 ADV ASTRON JI Adv. Astron. PY 2011 AR 174873 DI 10.1155/2011/174873 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V30RO UT WOS:000208833300003 ER PT J AU Pan, WY Wu, LG Shie, CL AF Pan Weiyu Wu Liguang Shie, Chung-Lin TI Influence of the Saharan Air Layer on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Formation during the Period 1-12 September 2003 SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; Saharan Air Layer; Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; PART I; HURRICANE; DUST; MODEL; DISTURBANCES; ENVIRONMENT; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS AB Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data show that the Saharan air layer (SAL) is a dry, warm, and well-mixed layer between 950 and 500 hPa over the tropical Atlantic, extending westward from the African coast to the Caribbean Sea. The formations of both Hurricane Isabel and Tropical Depression 14 (TD14) were accompanied with outbreaks of SAL air during the period 1-12 September 2003, although TD14 failed to develop into a named tropical cyclone. The influence of the SAL on their formations is investigated by examining data from satellite observations and numerical simulations, in which AIRS data are incorporated into the MM5 model through the nudging technique. Analyses of the AIRS and simulation data suggest that the SAL may have played two roles in the formation of tropical cyclones during the period 1-12 September 2003. First, the outbreaks of SAL air on 3 and 8 September enhanced the transverse-vertical circulation with the rising motion along the southern edge of the SAL and the sinking motion inside the SAL, triggering the development of two tropical disturbances associated with Hurricane Isabel and TD14. Second, in addition to the reduced environmental humidity and enhanced static stability in the lower troposphere, the SAL dry air intruded into the inner region of these tropical disturbances as their cyclonic flows became strong. This effect may have slowed down the formation of Isabel and inhibited TD14 becoming a named tropical cyclone, while the enhanced vertical shear contributed little to tropical cyclone formation during this period. The 48-h trajectory calculations confirm that the parcels from the SAL can be transported into the inner region of an incipient tropical cyclone. C1 [Wu Liguang] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Pan Weiyu] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Shie, Chung-Lin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Shie, Chung-Lin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wu, LG (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. EM liguang@nuist.edu.cn RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU National Basic Research Program (the 973 Program) of China [2009CB421503]; National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [408750387]; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [GYHY200806009]; NASA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Scott A. Braun for many helpful discussions on this work. This research was supported by the Typhoon Research Project (2009CB421503) of the National Basic Research Program (the 973 Program) of China, the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant no. 408750387), and the Social Commonweal Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (GYHY200806009). This work was also supported by Dr. Ramesh Kakar at NASA Headquarters with funds from the NASA NAMMA and EOS programs. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 16 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s00376-010-9165-5 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694DH UT WOS:000285274700002 ER PT B AU Song, CH Gray, JM Gao, F AF Song, Conghe Gray, Joshua M. Gao, Feng BE Weng, Q TI Remote Sensing of Vegetation with Landsat Imagery SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAF-AREA-INDEX; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; FOREST BIOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE MODEL; TM DATA; TROPICAL FOREST; CONIFER FOREST; SATELLITE DATA C1 [Song, Conghe; Gray, Joshua M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gao, Feng] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Song, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Song, Conghe/E-3087-2016 OI Song, Conghe/0000-0002-4099-4906 NR 125 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2011 BP 3 EP 29 D2 10.1201/b10599 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC2WS UT WOS:000351396200002 ER PT B AU Xiao, XM Yan, HM Kalfas, J Zhang, QY AF Xiao, Xiangming Yan, Huimin Kalfas, Joshua Zhang, Qingyuan BE Weng, Q TI Satellite-Based Modeling of Gross Primary Production of Terrestrial Ecosystems SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF FOREST; EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF FOREST; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; CLIMATE DATA; MODIS DATA; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE C1 [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal,Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yan, Huimin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kalfas, Joshua] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Qingyuan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal,Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2011 BP 367 EP 382 D2 10.1201/b10599 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC2WS UT WOS:000351396200016 ER PT B AU Young, KR Mesloh, M Rajulu, S AF Young, Karen Mesloh, Miranda Rajulu, Sudhakar BE Khalid, H Hedge, A Ahram, TZ TI Development of Methodology to Gather Seated Anthropometry Data in a Microgravity Environment SO ADVANCES IN ERGONOMICS MODELING AND USABILITY EVALUATION SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Microgravity; Spinal Elongation; Human System Integration; NASA AB The Constellation Program is designing a new vehicle based on recently developed anthropometric requirements. These requirements specify the need to account for a spinal-elongation factor for anthropometric measurements involving the spine, such as eye height and seated height. However, to date there is no existing data relating spinal elongation to a seated posture. Only data relating spinal elongation to stature have been collected in micro gravity. Therefore, it was proposed to collect seated height in microgravity to provide the Constellation designers appropriate data for their analyses. This document will describe the process in which the best method to collect seated height in micro gravity was developed. C1 [Young, Karen; Mesloh, Miranda] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin Anthropometry & Biomech Facil, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rajulu, Sudhakar] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Anthropometry & Biomech Facil, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Young, KR (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin Anthropometry & Biomech Facil, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3505-0; 978-1-4398-3503-6 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2011 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BC2YJ UT WOS:000351451600011 ER PT B AU Ware, J AF Ware, Joylene BE Karwowski, W Salvendy, G TI A Human Factor Analysis to Mitigate Fall Risk Factors in an Aerospace Environment SO ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS, ERGONOMICS, AND SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE INDUSTRIES SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Human Factors Integration; Falls; Risk Factors; Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP); fuzzy model; NASA/KSC Ground Support Operations ID MODEL AB The objective of the research was to develop and validate a multifaceted model such as a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model that considers both qualitative and quantitative elements with relative significance in assessing the likelihood of falls and aid in the design of Ground Support Operations in aerospace environments. The model represented linguistic variables that quantified significant risk factor levels. Multiple risk factors that contribute to falls in NASA Ground Support Operations are task related, human/personal, environmental, and organizational. The subject matter experts were asked to participate in a voting system involving a survey where they judge risk factors using the fundamental pairwise comparison scale. The results were analyzed and synthesized using Expert Choice Software, which produced the relative weights for the risk factors. The following arc relative weights for these risk factors: Task Related (0.314), Human/Personal (0.307), Environmental (0.248), and Organizational (0.130). The overall inconsistency ratio for all risk factors was 0.07, which indicates the model results were acceptable. The results show that task related risk factors are the highest cause for falls and the organizational risk are the lowest cause for falls in NASA Ground Support Operations. The rationale in this research is to justify using the priority vector to validate the weights by having two different sets of experts/decision makers create priority vectors separately and confirm the weights are similar. The fuzzy AHP model was validated by applying it to three scenarios in NASA KSC Ground Support Operations regarding various case studies and historical data. The design of the experiment was a repeated measures analysis to evaluate three scenarios in NASAKSC Ground Support Operations. As a result, the predicted value was compared to the accepted value for each subject. The results from this model application confirmed that the predicted value and accepted value for the likelihood rating were similar. The three scenarios were Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), Launch Complex Payloads (LCP), and Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The percentage error for the three scenarios was 0%, 33%, 0% respectively. The Kendall Coefficient of Concordance for assessment agreement between and within the subjects was significantly 1.00. Therefore, the appraisers are applying essentially the same standard when evaluating the scenarios. Multiple descriptive statistics for a 95%, confidence interval and t-test are the following: coefficient of variation (21.36), variance (0.251), mean (2.34), and standard deviation (0.501). The results indicate there is minimal variability with fuzzy AHP modeling. As result, model evaluation and validation indicates that there is no difference between the current accepted NASA model and developed fuzzy AHP model. Future research includes developing fall protection guidelines. C1 NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Human Factors Integrat, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Ware, J (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Human Factors Integrat, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3500-5; 978-1-4398-3499-2 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2011 BP 1126 EP 1135 PG 10 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BC2TR UT WOS:000351310800118 ER PT S AU Ting, DZY Soibel, A Hoglund, L Nguyen, J Hill, CJ Khoshakhlagh, A Gunapala, SD AF Ting, David Z. -Y. Soibel, Alexander Hoeglund, Linda Nguyen, Jean Hill, Cory J. Khoshakhlagh, Arezou Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Gunapala, SD Rhiger, DR Jagadish, C TI Type-II Superlattice Infrared Detectors SO ADVANCES IN INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; INAS-GASB SUPERLATTICES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; MU-M CUTOFF; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE C1 [Ting, David Z. -Y.; Soibel, Alexander; Hoeglund, Linda; Nguyen, Jean; Hill, Cory J.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Gunapala, Sarath D.] NASA, Ctr Infrared Sensors, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ting, DZY (reprint author), NASA, Ctr Infrared Sensors, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.z.ting@jpl.nasa.gov; alexander.soibel@jpl.nasa.gov; Linda.Hoglund@jpl.nasa.gov; Jean.Nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov; cory.j.hill@jpl.nasa.gov; Arezou.Khoshakhlagh@jpl.nasa.gov; sarath.d.gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov RI Soibel, Alexander/A-1313-2007 NR 196 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 978-0-12-381337-4 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 2011 VL 84 BP 1 EP 57 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-381337-4.00001-2 PG 57 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BVG20 UT WOS:000291452800001 ER PT J AU Witek, ML Flatau, PJ Teixeira, J Markowicz, KM AF Witek, Marcin L. Flatau, Piotr J. Teixeira, Joao Markowicz, Krzysztof M. TI Numerical Investigation of Sea Salt Aerosol Size Bin Partitioning in Global Transport Models: Implications for Mass Budget and Optical Depth SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SEGREGATED SIMULATION; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; DYNAMICS MODEL; CLIMATE; IMPACT; MODULE; PREDICTIONS AB In this study the importance of sea salt aerosol (SSA) size representation in a global transport model is investigated. For this purpose the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model is employed in a number of SSA simulations. A new dry deposition velocity parameterization is implemented into NAAPS in order to more physically represent deposition processes in the model. SSA size distribution is divided into size bins using two different partition procedures: the previously used iso-log method and the iso-gradient method, which relies on size-dependence of deposition processes. The global SSA simulations are analyzed in terms of the total sea salt mass and the average SSA optical thickness. The results indicate that there is a large dependence of the total mass and average aerosol optical depth on the number of size bins used to represent the aerosol size distribution. The total SSA mass is underestimated by 20% if 2 instead of 15 (reference) size intervals are used. The average aerosol optical depth underestimation is even higher and reaches over 35%. Such large differences can have substantial implications on the accuracy of SSA radiative forcing simulations in climate models. A comparison of the two division procedures shows that the simulations with the iso-gradient intervals are more accurate than the iso-log ones if at least 6 size bins are used. This result indicates that the more physically based division scheme can offer better performance and reduce computational cost of global aerosol transport models. C1 [Witek, Marcin L.; Teixeira, Joao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Witek, Marcin L.; Markowicz, Krzysztof M.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland. [Flatau, Piotr J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Witek, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM marcin.l.witek@jpl.nasa.gov RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016 FU California Institute of Technology. Government FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2010 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 401 EP 414 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.541957 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712HA UT WOS:000286655700011 ER PT J AU Kumar, N Chu, AD Foster, AD Peters, T Willis, R AF Kumar, Naresh Chu, Allen D. Foster, Andrew D. Peters, Thomas Willis, Robert TI Satellite Remote Sensing for Developing Time and Space Resolved Estimates of Ambient Particulate in Cleveland, OH SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-QUALITY; MODIS; VALIDATION; POLLUTION; PM2.5; LAND; RETRIEVAL; THICKNESS; MATTER AB This article empirically demonstrates the use of fine resolution satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) to develop time and space resolved estimates of ambient particulate matter (PM) <= 2.5 mu m and <= 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameters (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively). AOD was computed at three different spatial resolutions, i.e., 2 km (means 2 km x 2 km area at nadir), 5 km, and 10 km, by using the data from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Multiresolution AOD from MODIS (AOD(MODIS)) was compared with the in situ measurements of AOD by NASA's AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sunphotometer (AOD(AERONET)) at Bondville, IL, to demonstrate the advantages of the fine resolution AODMODIS over the 10-km AOD(MODIS), especially for air quality prediction. An instrumental regression that corrects AOD(MODIS) for meteorological conditions was used for developing a PM predictive model. The 2-km AOD(MODIS) aggregated within 0.025 degrees and 15-min intervals shows the best association with the in situ measurements of AOD(AERONET). The 2-km AOD(MODIS) seems more promising to estimate time and space resolved estimates of ambient PM than the 10-km AOD(MODIS), because of better location precision and a significantly greater number of data points across geographic space and time. Utilizing the collocated AOD(MODIS) and PM data in Cleveland, OH, a regression model was developed for predicting PM for all AOD(MODIS) data points. Our analysis suggests that the slope of the 2-km AOD(MODIS) (instrumented on meteorological conditions) is close to unity with the PM monitored on the ground. These results should be interpreted with caution, because the slope of AOD(MODIS) ranges from 0.52 to 1.72 in the site-specific models. In the cross validation of the overall model, the root mean square error (RMSE) of PM10 was smaller (2.04 mu g/m(3) in overall model) than that of PM2.5 (2.5 mu g/m(3)). The predicted PM in the AODMODIS data (similar to 2.34 million data points) was utilized to develop a systematic grid of daily PM at 5-km spatial resolution with the aid of spatiotemporal Kriging. C1 [Kumar, Naresh] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Chu, Allen D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Foster, Andrew D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Peters, Thomas] Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. [Willis, Robert] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, 316 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM naresh-kumar@uiowa.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [RFQ-RT-10-00204]; NIH [R21 ES014004-01A2]; EPA [RFQ-RT-10-00204, R833865] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under RFQ-RT-10-00204 to the University of Iowa. It has been subjected to Agency Review and approved for publication.; This research was supported by NIH (R21 ES014004-01A2) and EPA (R833865; RFQ-RT-10-00204). We would like to thank the two anonymous referees for providing us with constructive comments and suggestions that allowed us to improve the quality of the initial sub-mission. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1090 EP 1108 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.581256 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 776IR UT WOS:000291528200005 PM 22238503 ER PT B AU O'Connell, JF AF O'Connell, John F. BE OConnell, JF Williams, G TI Airlines: An Inherently Turbulent Industry SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIR TRANSPORT C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA. [O'Connell, John F.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. [O'Connell, John F.] NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4 PY 2011 BP 59 EP 96 PG 38 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA BA7UM UT WOS:000337789500023 ER PT B AU O'Connell, JF AF O'Connell, John F. BE OConnell, JF Williams, G TI Ancillary Revenues: The New Trend in Strategic Airline Marketing SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; SERVICE QUALITY C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA. [O'Connell, John F.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4 PY 2011 BP 145 EP 169 PG 25 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA BA7UM UT WOS:000337789500027 ER PT B AU O'Connell, JF AF O'Connell, John F. BE OConnell, JF Williams, G TI IT Innovations in Passenger Services SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TECHNOLOGY; ACCEPTANCE; AIRLINES; BUSINESS; STATE C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA. [O'Connell, John F.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. [O'Connell, John F.] NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4 PY 2011 BP 353 EP 374 PG 22 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA BA7UM UT WOS:000337789500038 ER PT B AU O'Connell, JF AF O'Connell, John F. BE OConnell, JF Williams, G TI An Examination of the World's Most Profitable Airline in 2009/10: The Emirates Business Model SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA. [O'Connell, John F.] NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4 PY 2011 BP 401 EP 424 PG 24 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA BA7UM UT WOS:000337789500040 ER PT S AU Reuter, D Irons, J Lunsford, A Montanaro, M Pellerano, F Richardson, C Smith, R Tesfaye, Z Thome, K AF Reuter, Dennis Irons, James Lunsford, Allen Montanaro, Matthew Pellerano, Fernando Richardson, Cathleen Smith, Ramsey Tesfaye, Zelalem Thome, Kurtis BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI The Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE TIRS; OLI; LDCM; Landsat AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), a partnership between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Interior (DOI) / United States Geological Survey (USGS), is scheduled for launch in December, 2012. It will be the eighth mission in the Landsat series. The LDCM instrument payload will consist of the Operational Land Imager (OLI), provided by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation (BATC) under contract to NASA and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This paper outlines the present development status of the two instruments. C1 [Reuter, Dennis; Irons, James; Lunsford, Allen; Montanaro, Matthew; Pellerano, Fernando; Richardson, Cathleen; Smith, Ramsey; Tesfaye, Zelalem; Thome, Kurtis] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Reuter, D (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Smith, Ramsey/D-4710-2012; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Irons, James/D-8535-2012 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 804812 DI 10.1117/12.885963 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000037 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Jackson, BK Barnes, JW Spitale, J Keller, JM AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Jackson, Brian K. Barnes, Jason W. Spitale, Joe Keller, John M. TI Ice rafts not sails: Floating the rocks at Racetrack Playa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SLIDING ROCKS; STONE TRACKS; DEATH-VALLEY; CALIFORNIA AB We suggest that the existence of many of the rock-carved trails at Racetrack Playa in Death Valley National Park is predominantly due to the effect of arbitrarily weak winds on rocks that are floated off the soft bed by small rafts of ice, as also occurs in arctic tidal beaches to form boulder barricades. These ice cakes need not have a particularly large surface area if the ice is adequately thick-the ice cakes allow the rocks to move by buoyantly reducing the reaction and friction forces at the bed, not by increasing the wind drag. The parameter space of ice thickness and extent versus rock size for flotation is calculated and found to be reasonable. We demonstrate the effect with a simple experiment. (c) 2011 American Association of Physics Teachers. [DOI: 10.1119/1.3490645] C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Jackson, Brian K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Spitale, Joe] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Keller, John M.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu; Brian.Jackson@nasa.gov; jwbarnes@idaho.edu; jspitale@lpl.arizona.edu; jmkeller@calpoly.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Geological Society of America; Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona; NASA; Applied Information Systems Research Program FX One of the authors (B.K.J.) acknowledges the assistance of a grant from the Geological Society of America and support from the Director of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona. Another one of the authors (R.L.) acknowledges the support of the NASA Cassini project and the Applied Information Systems Research Program. The authors appreciate the interest of David Ek, the Wilderness Coordinator at Death Valley National Park in this work. They acknowledge the assistance of Zibi Turtle, David Choi, Catherine Neish, Lizza Demsetz, Anita Milman, Rebecca Rosen, and Ryan Silva. They also acknowledge interesting discussions about the playa with Jay Melosh, Alex Hayes, Jani Radebaugh, and Paula Messina. They thank an anonymous referee for comments NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1119/1.3490645 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 701EK UT WOS:000285796900005 ER PT S AU Schmitt, HH Snoke, AW Helper, MA Hurtado, JM Hodges, KV Rice, JW AF Schmitt, H. H. Snoke, A. W. Helper, M. A. Hurtado, J. M. Hodges, K. V. Rice, J. W., Jr. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Motives, methods, and essential preparation for planetary field geology on the Moon and Mars SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LUNAR; EXPLORATION; INTERIOR; HE-3 AB Future lunar exploration will provide opportunities to expand the human scientific exploration of the Moon and, eventually, Mars. Planning for renewed field exploration of the Moon entails the selection, training, and capabilities of explorers; selection of landing sites; and adoption of an operational approach to extravehicular activity. Apollo program geological exploration, and subsequent analysis and interpretation of findings and collected samples underpin our current understanding of lunar origin and history. That understanding continues to provide new and important insights into the early histories of Earth and other bodies in the solar system, particularly during the period when life formed and began to evolve on Earth and possibly on Mars. Specific new lunar exploration objectives include: (1) testing the consensus "giant impact" hypothesis for the origin of the Moon; (2) testing the consensus impact "cataclysm" hypothesis; (3) determining the temporal flux of large impacts in the inner solar system; and (4) investigating the internal structure of the Moon. Apollo samples also identified significant and potentially commercial lunar resources that could help satisfy future demand for both terrestrial energy alternatives and space consumables. Equipment necessary for successful exploration includes that required for sampling, sample documentation and preservation, communications, mobility, and position knowledge. Easily used active geophysical, portable geochemical, and in situ petrographic equipment can greatly enhance the scientific and operational returns of extended exploration compared to that possible during the Apollo program. C1 [Schmitt, H. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Snoke, A. W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Helper, M. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hurtado, J. M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Hodges, K. V.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rice, J. W., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schmitt, HH (reprint author), POB 90730, Albuquerque, NM 87199 USA. EM hhschmitt@earthlink.net OI Hodges, Kip/0000-0003-2805-8899 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(01) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100002 ER PT S AU Garry, WB Bleacher, JE AF Garry, W. Brent Bleacher, Jacob E. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Analogs for Planetary Exploration Preface SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Garry, W. Brent] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bleacher, Jacob E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Garry, WB (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100001 ER PT S AU Lofgren, GE Horz, F Eppler, D AF Lofgren, Gary E. Horz, Friedrich Eppler, Dean BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Geologic field training of the Apollo astronauts and implications for future manned exploration SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This paper discusses the philosophy and major aspects of the geology training of the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 astronauts. This training concentrated on monthly field trips that were intended to develop the crew's observational skills in recognizing basic geologic structures and rocks and translating observations into an interpretative framework for local geologic evolution. Individual field trips became increasingly mission-like as their training matured. The crews worked with predetermined traverses and progressively added diverse operational aspects, such as proper usage of sampling tools, photo-documentation of pertinent features and rocks, simulation of space-suit mobility, and use of a roving vehicle. These exercises also provided simulations and practice for all major science support functions that would reside in Mission Control during the actual mission. This combined training of surface explorers and ground support will be indispensable in rendering future planetary surface operations as efficient and scientifically rewarding as Apollo. C1 [Lofgren, Gary E.; Eppler, Dean] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Horz, Friedrich] LZ Technol Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Lofgren, GE (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(03) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100004 ER PT S AU Evans, CA Wilkinson, MJ Stefanov, WL Willis, K AF Evans, Cynthia A. Wilkinson, M. Justin Stefanov, William L. Willis, Kim BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Training astronauts to observe Earth from the space shuttle and International Space Station SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Since the beginning of the U. S. space program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has trained astronauts in basic earth science topics to support their observations of Earth's surface from low Earth orbit. From its roots in the Apollo geology training campaigns, we describe the evolution of astronaut Earth observation training across human spaceflight programs, with a focus on the training for space shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) missions. Astronauts' Earth observation experiences-both preflight training and interactions with scientists on the ground during spaceflight missions-provide relevant information for defining training requirements for future astronaut exploration missions on other planetary surfaces. C1 [Evans, Cynthia A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wilkinson, M. Justin; Stefanov, William L.; Willis, Kim] NASA, Image Sci & Anal Lab, Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Jacobs Engn,Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Evans, CA (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM cindy.evans-1@nasa.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(05) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100006 ER PT S AU Eppler, DB AF Eppler, Dean B. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Analysis of Antarctic logistics and operations data: Results from the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET), austral summer season, 2002-2003, with implications for planetary surface operations SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The operational and logistical burden associated with putting a team of four scientists in a hostile environment was investigated as part of the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) Project during the austral summer of 2002-2003. Operational time data, when compared with similar data from the Apollo J-series missions, suggest that crew time available to science on future exploration missions will be no more than 20% of the total available surface time, due to the time demands associated with operating in a hostile environment. A comparison of time-distance statistics derived from ANSMET meteorite search traverses to similar traverses from Apollo was inconclusive-there was no clear pattern of similarity or dissimilarity between the two data sets. However, both data sets reinforce the benefits of robust rover capability over simple walking because rovers allow exploration of a wider area for a given period of time when compared to walking. Lastly, mass data for equipment and supplies for a four-person team on the Antarctic polar plateau suggest that supplying a Mars or lunar mission with the necessary supplies for nominal surface operations would take up a significant amount of the mass-to-orbit prior to initiating trans-Mars or lunar injection. C1 NASA, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Explorat Sci Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Eppler, DB (reprint author), NASA, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Explorat Sci Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(06) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100007 ER PT S AU Lim, DSS Brady, AL Abercromby, AF Andersen, DT Andersen, M Arnold, RR Bird, JS Bohm, HR Booth, L Cady, SL Cardman, Z Chan, AM Chan, O Chenard, C Cowie, BR Davila, A Deans, MC Dearing, W Delaney, M Downs, M Fong, T Forrest, A Gernhardt, ML Gutsche, JR Hadfield, C Hamilton, A Hansen, J Hawes, I Heaton, J Imam, Y Laval, BL Lees, D Leoni, L Looper, C Love, S Marinova, MM McCombs, D Mckay, CP Mireau, B Mullins, G Nebel, SH Nuytten, P Pendery, R Pike, W Pointing, SB Pollack, J Raineault, N Reay, M Reid, D Sallstedt, T Schulze-Makuch, D Seibert, M Shepard, R Slater, GF Stonehouse, J Sumner, DY Suttle, CA Trembanis, A Turse, C Wilhelm, M Wilkinson, N Williams, D Winget, DM Winter, C AF Lim, Darlene S. S. Brady, A. L. Abercromby, A. F. Andersen, D. T. Andersen, M. Arnold, R. R. Bird, J. S. Bohm, H. R. Booth, L. Cady, S. L. Cardman, Z. Chan, A. M. Chan, O. Chenard, C. Cowie, B. R. Davila, A. Deans, M. C. Dearing, W. Delaney, M. Downs, M. Fong, T. Forrest, A. Gernhardt, M. L. Gutsche, J. R. Hadfield, C. Hamilton, A. Hansen, J. Hawes, I. Heaton, J. Imam, Y. Laval, B. L. Lees, D. Leoni, L. Looper, C. Love, S. Marinova, M. M. McCombs, D. McKay, C. P. Mireau, B. Mullins, G. Nebel, S. H. Nuytten, P. Pendery, R. Pike, W. Pointing, S. B. Pollack, J. Raineault, N. Reay, M. Reid, D. Sallstedt, T. Schulze-Makuch, D. Seibert, M. Shepard, R. Slater, G. F. Stonehouse, J. Sumner, D. Y. Suttle, C. A. Trembanis, A. Turse, C. Wilhelm, M. Wilkinson, N. Williams, D. Winget, D. M. Winter, C. CA Pavilion Lake Res PLRP Team BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI A historical overview of the Pavilion Lake Research Project-Analog science and exploration in an underwater environment SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRESH-WATER MICROBIALITES; CALCIFICATION; STROMATOLITES; CANADA AB As humans venture back to the Moon, or onward to near-Earth objects and Mars, it is expected that the rigors of this exploration will far exceed those of Apollo. Terrestrial analogs can play a key role in our preparations for these complex voyages, since in addition to their scientific value, analogs afford the exploration community a means to safely prepare and test exploration strategies for future robotic and human planetary missions. Many relevant analog studies exist, and each is focused on a particular aspect of strategic development. Some analog programs such as the Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP) present the opportunity to investigate both real scientific and real exploration scenarios in tandem. The activities of this research program demand the use of techniques, tools, and strategies for underwater scientific exploration, and the challenges associated with the scientific exploration of Pavilion Lake are analogous to those human explorers will encounter on other planetary and small solar system bodies. The goal of this paper is to provide a historical synopsis of the PLRP's objectives, milestones, and contributions to both the scientific and exploration community. Here, we focus on detailing the development and deployment of an integrated science and exploration program with analog application to our understanding of early Earth systems and the preparation for future human space exploration. Over a decade of exploration and discovery is chronicled herein. C1 [Lim, Darlene S. S.; Davila, A.; Deans, M. C.; Fong, T.; Lees, D.; Marinova, M. M.; McKay, C. P.; Wilhelm, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lim, Darlene S. S.; Andersen, D. T.; Davila, A.] Search Extra Terr Intelligence Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Brady, A. L.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Abercromby, A. F.; Arnold, R. R.; Gernhardt, M. L.; Hadfield, C.; Looper, C.; Love, S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Andersen, M.] Lake Placid Middle High Sch, Lake Placid, NY USA. [Bird, J. S.; Mullins, G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Bohm, H. R.] Harry Bohm Co, Water & Energy Technol, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Booth, L.] Hamilton Elementary, Richmond, BC, Canada. [Cady, S. L.; Sallstedt, T.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Cardman, Z.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Chan, A. M.; Chenard, C.; Suttle, C. A.; Winget, D. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Chan, O.; Pointing, S. B.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cowie, B. R.] Univ Calgary, Appl Geochem Grp, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Dearing, W.; Downs, M.; Seibert, M.] Space Commun & Nav NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Delaney, M.] Edge Div Ctr, N Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Forrest, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. [Gutsche, J. R.; Nebel, S. H.; Raineault, N.; Trembanis, A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hamilton, A.; Imam, Y.; Laval, B. L.; Pike, W.; Reid, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Hansen, J.; Leoni, L.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Hawes, I.; Slater, G. F.] Aquat Res Solut Ltd, Cambridge, New Zealand. [Heaton, J.; Nuytten, P.; Reay, M.] Nuytco Res, N Vancouver, BC, Canada. [McCombs, D.] First Aid & Safety Serv, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Mireau, B.] Riverside Secondary, Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada. [Pendery, R.] Studio98, Clearwater, FL USA. [Pollack, J.] Texas A&M, Inst Naut Archaeol, College Stn, TX USA. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shepard, R.; Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stonehouse, J.] Diamond Elementary Sch, Surrey, BC, Canada. [Wilkinson, N.] Rask Syst Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Williams, D.] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Med Robot, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Lim, DSS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM darlene.lim@nasa.gov RI Cowie, Benjamin/C-3288-2014; OI Cowie, Benjamin/0000-0002-8834-0848; Imam, Yehya/0000-0001-7027-5083; Winter, Christian/0000-0001-6327-0209; Suttle, Curtis/0000-0002-0372-0033 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 85 EP 115 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(07) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100008 ER PT S AU Bualat, MG Abercromby, A Allan, M Bouyssounouse, X Deans, MC Fong, T Fluckiger, L Hodges, KV Hurtado, J Keely, L Kobayashi, L Landis, R Lee, PC Lee, SY Lees, D Pacis, E Park, E Pedersen, L Schreckenghost, D Smith, T To, V Utz, H AF Bualat, Maria G. Abercromby, Andrew Allan, Mark Bouyssounouse, Xavier Deans, Matthew C. Fong, Terrence Flueckiger, Lorenzo Hodges, Kip V. Hurtado, Jose, Jr. Keely, Leslie Kobayashi, Linda Landis, Rob Lee, Pascal C. Lee, Susan Y. Lees, David Pacis, Estrellina Park, Eric Pedersen, Liam Schreckenghost, Debra Smith, Trey To, Vinh Utz, Hans BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Robotic recon for human exploration: Method, assessment, and lessons learned SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Robotic rovers can be used as advance scouts to significantly improve scientific and technical return of planetary surface exploration. Robotic scouting, or "robotic recon," involves using a robot to collect ground-level data prior to human field activity. The data collected and knowledge acquired through recon can be used to refine traverse planning, reduce operational risk, and increase crew productivity. To understand how robotic recon can benefit human exploration, we conducted a series of simulated planetary robotic missions at analog sites. These mission simulations were designed to: (1) identify and quantify operational requirements for robotic recon in advance of human activity; (2) identify and quantify ground control and science team requirements for robotic recon; and (3) identify capability, procedure, and training requirements for human explorers to draw maximum benefit from robotic recon during vehicular traverses and on-foot extravehicular activities (EVA). Our studies indicate that robotic recon can be beneficial to crew, improving preparation, situational awareness, and productivity in the field. This is particularly true when traverse plans contain significant unknowns that can be resolved by recon, such as target access and station/activity priority. In this paper, we first present the assumptions and major questions related to robotic reconnaissance. We detail our system design, including the configuration of our recon robot, the ground data system used for operation, ground control organization, and operational time lines. Finally, we describe the design and results from an experiment to assess robotic recon, discuss lessons learned, and identify directions for future work. C1 [Bualat, Maria G.; Allan, Mark; Bouyssounouse, Xavier; Deans, Matthew C.; Fong, Terrence; Flueckiger, Lorenzo; Keely, Leslie; Kobayashi, Linda; Landis, Rob; Lee, Pascal C.; Lee, Susan Y.; Lees, David; Pacis, Estrellina; Park, Eric; Pedersen, Liam; Smith, Trey; To, Vinh; Utz, Hans] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Abercromby, Andrew] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hodges, Kip V.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hurtado, Jose, Jr.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Bualat, MG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. OI Hodges, Kip/0000-0003-2805-8899 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 117 EP 135 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(08) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100009 ER PT S AU Bos, BJ Scott, DJ Metzger, SM AF Bos, Brent J. Scott, Dave J. Metzger, Stephen M. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Habitat dust contamination at a Mars analog SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB After the high-radiation environment and the low gravity field on Mars, dust is arguably the next biggest environmental hazard facing a manned mission to Mars. The seriousness of this threat is still being studied with robotic missions. At its most benign, Martian dust the work undertaken were recorded to study their effects on dust contamination. We found that more than 50 g of dust and soil were transported into the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) during the 12 EVAs (extravehicular activities) that were measured. The largest amount of contamination from EVA activity was due to open-cockpit vehicle travel and depended strongly on the terrain over which the EVA was conducted. Based on first-order dust dynamics modeling, similar behaviors are expected on Mars. C1 [Bos, Brent J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Scott, Dave J.] Nudge Inc, Toronto, ON M4M 2M1, Canada. [Metzger, Stephen M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Bos, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 551,Bldg 5,Room C325, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(09) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100010 ER PT S AU Rask, J Heldmann, J Smith, H Battler, M McKay, C AF Rask, Jon Heldmann, Jennifer Smith, Heather Battler, Melissa McKay, Christopher BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI The NASA Spaceward Bound field training curriculum SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB A comprehensive field training curriculum was developed and tested during the 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Spaceward Bound missions at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS). The curriculum was developed to train teachers and students in fundamentals of Moon and Mars analog station operations, logistics, field work, and scientific investigation. The curriculum is composed of background content, directions, lesson plans, suggestions, protocols, images, diagrams, figures, checklists, worksheets, experiments, field missions, and references. To date, 48 individuals have participated in Spaceward Bound missions at MDRS, and 18 have successfully tested the curriculum. Based on our analysis and student feedback, we conclude that the Spaceward Bound curriculum is highly useful in training teachers and students in aspects of astrobiology, field science, and Mars exploration, and that MDRS is an ideal location for its use. C1 [Rask, Jon] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dynamac Inc, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Heldmann, Jennifer; McKay, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Smith, Heather] Utah State Univ, Biol Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Battler, Melissa] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Rask, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dynamac Inc, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jon.c.rask@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(10) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100011 ER PT S AU Dohm, JM Miyamoto, H Ori, GG Fairen, AG Davila, AF Komatsu, G Mahaney, WC Williams, JP Joye, SB Di Achille, G Oehler, DZ Marzo, GA Schulze-Makuch, D Acocella, V Glamoclija, M Pondrelli, M Boston, P Hart, KM Anderson, RC Baker, VR Fink, W Kelleher, BP Furfaro, R Gross, C Hare, TM Frazer, AR Ip, F Allen, CCR Kim, KJ Maruyama, S McGuire, PC Netoff, D Parnell, J Wendt, L Wheelock, SJ Steele, A Hancock, RGV Havics, RA Costa, P Krinsley, D AF Dohm, J. M. Miyamoto, H. Ori, G. G. Fairen, A. G. Davila, A. F. Komatsu, G. Mahaney, W. C. Williams, J. -P. Joye, S. B. Di Achille, G. Oehler, D. Z. Marzo, G. A. Schulze-Makuch, D. Acocella, V. Glamoclija, M. Pondrelli, M. Boston, P. Hart, K. M. Anderson, R. C. Baker, V. R. Fink, W. Kelleher, B. P. Furfaro, R. Gross, C. Hare, T. M. Frazer, A. R. Ip, F. Allen, C. C. R. Kim, K. J. Maruyama, S. McGuire, P. C. Netoff, D. Parnell, J. Wendt, L. Wheelock, S. J. Steele, A. Hancock, R. G. V. Havics, R. A. Costa, P. Krinsley, D. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI An inventory of potentially habitable environments on Mars: Geological and biological perspectives SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HAUGHTON IMPACT STRUCTURE; FRASASSI CAVE SYSTEM; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; SEA-FLOOR BRINES; SP-NOV.; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SLOPE STREAKS AB On Earth, biology, hydrology, and geology are interlinked such that certain types of life are often associated with specific conditions, including rock type, pressure, temperature, and chemistry. Life on Earth has established itself in diverse and extreme niches, presenting the possibility that Mars, too, may hold records of fossilized and/or extant life in diverse environments. Geologic, paleohydrologic, and climatic conditions through the evolution of Mars are similar in many respects to conditions occurring during the evolution of Earth and, as such, may point to environments on Mars with potential to have supported living systems. Here, we discuss examples of those Martian settings. Such extraterrestrial environments should be targeted by international robotic and/or manned missions to explore potential fossilized or extant life on Mars. C1 [Dohm, J. M.; Baker, V. R.; Wheelock, S. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, J. M.; Miyamoto, H.] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo, Japan. [Ori, G. G.; Komatsu, G.; Pondrelli, M.] Univ G dAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Pescara, Italy. [Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.; Marzo, G. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Komatsu, G.] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba, Japan. [Mahaney, W. C.] Quaternary Surveys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Williams, J. -P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Williams, J. -P.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA USA. [Joye, S. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Di Achille, G.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oehler, D. Z.] NASA, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Marzo, G. A.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Acocella, V.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, Rome, Italy. [Glamoclija, M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Boston, P.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM USA. [Hart, K. M.; Kelleher, B. P.] Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Anderson, R. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fink, W.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Biomed Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Furfaro, R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gross, C.; Wendt, L.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Berlin, Germany. [Hare, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Frazer, A. R.; Allen, C. C. R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Med Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, Ireland. [Ip, F.] Pima Cty Flood Control Dist, Tucson, AZ USA. [Kim, K. J.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geol & Environm Hazards Div, Taejon, South Korea. [Maruyama, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [McGuire, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netoff, D.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. [Parnell, J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med Phys & Appl Radiat Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Havics, R. A.] pH2 LLC, Avon, IN 46123 USA. [Havics, R. A.] McCrone Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Costa, P.] Univ Lisbon, Dept Geol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Krinsley, D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Kelleher, Brian/D-6224-2012; Costa, Pedro/I-1216-2012; OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Costa, Pedro/0000-0001-6573-0539; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 358 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 317 EP 347 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(21) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100022 ER PT S AU Clark, PE Bleacher, J Petro, N Mest, S AF Clark, P. E. Bleacher, J. Petro, N. Mest, S. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Plan for a human expedition to Marius Hills and its implications for viable surface exploration architecture SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In response to the need to develop science-conducive architectures for future human exploration of particularly interesting targets on lunar and planetary surfaces, we have developed scenarios for a geological expedition to Marius Hills within current constraints of week-long sortie missions. This area has a dense nest of volcano-tectonic features representing the range of mare volcanic structures, which is one of the reasons why it is so compelling. Two distinct episodes of flood basaltic volcanism are represented, along with volcanic shields, domes, cones, rilles, wrinkle ridges, floor fractures, and a magnetic swirl anomaly. We found two potential landing sites (constrained to 10 km radius) in the southwestern portion of Marius Hills that would allow access to examples of most of the features of interest. We describe the geological context, resulting investigations, daily traverses, and survey/sample sites along those routes, in detail, as well as the required tools, instruments, and surface activities. The resulting science requirements, for a minimum of two rovers plus a few hundred kilograms of science payload, along with implications for a science-conducive architecture, are considered. C1 [Clark, P. E.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Bleacher, J.; Petro, N.] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mest, S.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Bleacher, Jacob/D-1051-2012 OI Bleacher, Jacob/0000-0002-8499-4828 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 519 EP 532 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(31) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100032 ER PT S AU Clark, PE Mest, S Bleacher, J Petro, N AF Clark, P. E. Mest, S. Bleacher, J. Petro, N. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Advanced regional-scale scenarios for lunar surface exploration SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLE-AITKEN BASIN; ARISTARCHUS PLATEAU; CLEMENTINE; DEPOSITS; MARE; STRATIGRAPHY; TSIOLKOVSKY; FARSIDE; ORIGIN; CRATER AB The motivation for this study was to create lunar surface exploration scenarios that would support current science needs, as captured in the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Roadmap for Lunar Exploration. A science-driven capability to meet those needs required enhanced capability, relative to the Apollo J missions, to provide a broader field context for (1) improved interpretation of samples and measurements; (2) greater flexibility in the selection and nature of activities at field stations; as well as (3) greater potential for breakthrough science. Here, we offer advanced regional-scale (hundreds of kilometers) surface exploration scenarios, essentially design reference missions, for three high-priority targets representing the broadest differences in the nature and distribution of geological features. South Pole-Aitken Basin is the largest and oldest confirmed lunar impact basin. Covering most of the farside southern hemisphere and > 2000 km in diameter, it contains extraordinarily diverse features and geochemical anomalies that are widely scattered and thus would require several regional-scale missions. Tsiolkovsky is an anomaly among farside craters: It is mare-filled in the thickest portion of farside crust, young, and has well-preserved impact structures, yet it is surrounded by the ancient Tsiolkovsky-Stark Basin. Aristarchus Plateau is a tectonically uplifted plateau associated with the formation of Imbrium Basin, and it is found on a concentric ring of basin. Features encompassing the entire range of mare volcanism activity in style and age are found either on the relatively compact plateau or within hundreds of kilometers in surrounding western Oceanus Procellarum. Our regional-scale architecture would allow science objectives for study of Aristarchus Plateau or Tsiolkovsky to be addressed from one landing site conveniently located on the target, while South Pole-Aitken Basin would require several missions to achieve such objectives. We describe the geological context and resulting investigations, as well as the required tools, instruments, and activities. We assumed, as initially instructed, science need-driven capabilities at least a generation beyond the Apollo J missions, i.e., the availability of a minimum of two pressurized rovers capable of hundreds of kilometers driving range at average speeds of 10-15 kph (without recharge), four crew, and 700 kg of science payload. The implications of such science-conducive architecture in the context of other architectures under consideration are discussed. C1 [Clark, P. E.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Mest, S.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bleacher, J.; Petro, N.] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Bleacher, Jacob/D-1051-2012 OI Bleacher, Jacob/0000-0002-8499-4828 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 547 EP 567 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(33) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100034 ER PT J AU Koehne, JE Marsh, M Boakye, A Douglas, B Kim, IY Chang, SY Jang, DP Bennet, KE Kimble, C Andrews, R Meyyappan, M Lee, KH AF Koehne, Jessica E. Marsh, Michael Boakye, Adwoa Douglas, Brandon Kim, In Yong Chang, Su-Youne Jang, Dong-Pyo Bennet, Kevin E. Kimble, Christopher Andrews, Russell Meyyappan, M. Lee, Kendall H. TI Carbon nanofiber electrode array for electrochemical detection of dopamine using fast scan cyclic voltammetry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBE NANOELECTRODE ARRAYS; IN-VIVO; STIMULATION; BRAIN; RAT; MICROELECTRODES; ADENOSINE; ACID AB A carbon nanofiber (CNF) electrode array was integrated with the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor System (WINCS) for the detection of dopamine using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Dopamine detection performance by CNF arrays was comparable to that of traditional carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs), demonstrating that CNF arrays can be utilized as an alternative carbon electrode for neurochemical monitoring. C1 [Koehne, Jessica E.; Boakye, Adwoa; Douglas, Brandon; Andrews, Russell; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Marsh, Michael; Kim, In Yong; Chang, Su-Youne; Jang, Dong-Pyo; Lee, Kendall H.] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Bennet, Kevin E.; Kimble, Christopher; Lee, Kendall H.] Mayo Clin, Div Engn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Koehne, JE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov FU NIH [K08 NS 52232]; Mayo Foundation; NASA Ames Research Center FX The authors thank Ramsey Stevens of Carbon Design Innovations, Inc. for the use of a CCB AFM probe. This work was supported by NIH (K08 NS 52232 award to KHL), the Mayo Foundation (2008-2011 Research Early Career Development Award for Clinician Scientists to KHL) and NASA Ames Research Center. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2011 VL 136 IS 9 BP 1802 EP 1805 DI 10.1039/c1an15025a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 748BN UT WOS:000289365100003 PM 21387028 ER PT J AU Kim, S Rim, T Kim, K Lee, U Baek, E Lee, H Baek, CK Meyyappan, M Deen, MJ Lee, JS AF Kim, Sungho Rim, Taiuk Kim, Kihyun Lee, Unsang Baek, Eunhye Lee, Hojoon Baek, Chang-Ki Meyyappan, M. Deen, M. Jamal Lee, Jeong-Soo TI Silicon nanowire ion sensitive field effect transistor with integrated Ag/AgCl electrode: pH sensing and noise characteristics SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID LABEL-FREE DETECTION; BIOSENSORS; SENSORS; FETS AB We have fabricated Si nanowire (SiNW) based ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) for biosensing applications. The ability to prepare a large number of sensors on a wafer, the use of standard silicon microfabrication techniques resulting in cost savings, and potential high sensitivity are significant advantages in favor of nanoscale SiNW ISFETs. The SiNW ISFETs with embedded Ag/AgCl reference electrode were fabricated on a standard silicon-on-insulator wafer using electron-beam lithography and conventional semiconductor processing technology. The current-voltage characteristics show an n-type FET behavior with a relatively high on/off current ratio, reasonable subthreshold swing value, and low gate-leakage current. The pH responses of the ISFETs with different pH solutions were characterized at room temperature which showed a clear lateral shift of the drain current vs. gate voltage curve with a change in the pH value of the solution and a sensitivity of 40 mV pH(-1). The low frequency noise characteristics were investigated to evaluate the signal to noise ratio and sensing limit of the devices. C1 [Kim, Sungho; Rim, Taiuk; Kim, Kihyun; Lee, Hojoon; Baek, Chang-Ki; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Lee, Unsang; Baek, Eunhye; Meyyappan, M.; Deen, M. Jamal; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Deen, M. Jamal] McMaster Univ, ECE Dept, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang, South Korea. EM ljs6951@postech.ac.kr RI Deen, M./A-7567-2008; OI Deen, M./0000-0002-6390-0933; Baek, Eunhye/0000-0002-1662-7399 FU BK21 program; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-2008-000-10100-0]; National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT) at POSTECH FX This work was partially supported by the BK21 program, the WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Project no. R31-2008-000-10100-0) and the National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT) at POSTECH. The authors would like to thank the NCNT staff for their assistance in device fabrication. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2011 VL 136 IS 23 BP 5012 EP 5016 DI 10.1039/c1an15568g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842RI UT WOS:000296616800019 PM 22068238 ER PT J AU Wedlund, CS Gronoff, G Lilensten, J Menager, H Barthelemy, M AF Wedlund, C. Simon Gronoff, G. Lilensten, J. Menager, H. Barthelemy, M. TI Comprehensive calculation of the energy per ion pair or W values for five major planetary upper atmospheres SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Planetary ionospheres; Space plasma physics; Ionization processes; Transport processes ID ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION; TRANSPORT-THEORETIC MODEL; HYDROGEN ATOM AURORA; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; GASES; DEPOSITION; IONOSPHERE; COLLISIONS; OXYGEN AB The mean energy W expended in a collision of electrons with atmospheric gases is a useful parameter for fast aeronomy computations. Computing this parameter in transport kinetic models with experimental values can tell us more about the number of processes that have to be taken into account and the uncertainties of the models. We present here computations for several atmospheric gases of planetological interest (CO2, CO, N-2, O-2, O, CH4, H, He) using a family of multi-stream kinetic transport codes. Results for complete atmospheres for Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Titan are also shown for the first time. A simple method is derived to calculate W of gas mixtures from single-component gases and is conclusively checked against the W values of these planetary atmospheres. Discrepancies between experimental and theoretical values show where improvements can be made in the measurement of excitation and dissociation cross-sections of specific neutral species, such as CO2 and CO. C1 [Wedlund, C. Simon] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Gronoff, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lilensten, J.; Menager, H.; Barthelemy, M.] IPAG, Grenoble, France. RP Wedlund, CS (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. EM cyril.simon@aeronomie.be OI Gronoff, Guillaume/0000-0002-0331-7076 FU European Commission [218816, 228319]; NASA FX We thank the EISCAT staff in Tromso and R. Jacobsen for their help. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement no. 218816 (SOTERIA project, www.soteria-space.eu) and under the grant agreement no. 228319 (Europlanet research infrastructure http://www.europlanet-ri.eu/. This research was also carried out in the frame of the European COST ES0803 project. The work of G. G. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Post-doctoral Program at NASA Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated University through a contract with NASA. The simulations were made using the CIGRI system on the CI-MENT platform (Grenoble UJF, France). We thank B. Bzeznik (IMAG, France) for his useful advice. We also thank the two referees for their insightful comments. C. S. W is indebted to M. S. Wedlund (LATMOS, France) for her comments and rereading of the present manuscript. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-187-2011 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GM UT WOS:000286723200016 ER PT J AU Delcourt, DC Moore, TE Fok, MCH AF Delcourt, D. C. Moore, T. E. Fok, M. -C. H. TI On the effect of IMF turning on ion dynamics at Mercury SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Planetary magnetospheres ID SINGLE-PARTICLE ORBITS; MESSENGER OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETOTAIL; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION AB We investigate the effect of a rotation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) on the transport of magnetospheric ion populations at Mercury. We focus on ions of planetary origin and investigate their large-scale circulation using three-dimensional single-particle simulations. We show that a nonzero B(X) component of the IMF leads to a pronounced asymmetry in the overall circulation pattern. In particular, we demonstrate that the centrifugal acceleration due to curvature of the E x B drift paths is more pronounced in one hemisphere than the other, leading to filling of the magnetospheric lobes and plasma sheet with more or less energetic material depending upon the hemisphere of origin. Using a time-varying electric and magnetic field model, we investigate the response of ions to rapid (a few tens of seconds) re-orientation of the IMF. We show that, for ions with gyroperiods comparable to the field variation time scale, the inductive electric field should lead to significant nonadiabatic energization, up to several hundreds of eVs or a few keVs. It thus appears that IMF turning at Mercury should lead to localized loading of the magnetosphere with energetic material of planetary origin (e. g., Na(+)). C1 [Delcourt, D. C.] CNRS Ecole Polytech, UMR7648, LPP, St Maur Des Fosses, France. [Moore, T. E.; Fok, M. -C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Delcourt, DC (reprint author), CNRS Ecole Polytech, UMR7648, LPP, St Maur Des Fosses, France. EM dominique.delcourt@lpp.polytechnique.fr RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-987-2011 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781PK UT WOS:000291945800003 ER PT J AU Kramar, M Davila, J Xie, H Antiochos, S AF Kramar, M. Davila, J. Xie, H. Antiochos, S. TI On the influence of CMEs on the global 3-D coronal electron density SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Corona and transition region; Flares and mass ejections; Magnetic fields ID WHITE-LIGHT IMAGES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR CORONA; TOMOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; POLARIZATION; STEREO AB In order to analize the influence of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on the coronal streamer belt, we made 3-D reconstructions of the electron density in the corona at heliospheric distances from 1.5 to 4R(circle dot) for periods before and after a CME occured. The reconstructions were performed using a tomography technique. We studied two CME cases: (i) a slow CME on 1 June 2008; (ii) two fast CMEs on 31 December 2007 and 2 January 2008. For the first case of slow CME, it was found: (i) the potential magnetic field configuration in the CME initiation region before the CME does not agree with the coronal density structure while after the CME the agreement between the field and density is much better. This could be manifistation of that that the field was non-potential before the CME and after the CME the field relaxes towards a more potential state. (ii) It was shown that the dimming caused by the slow CME is not due to rotation of the corona and a line-of-sight (LOS) effect but a streamer blow out effect took place. C1 [Kramar, M.; Xie, H.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kramar, M.; Davila, J.; Xie, H.; Antiochos, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kramar, M (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM kramar@helio.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 FU NSF [AGS0819971] FX Thanks to Bernd Inhester for useful disscussions and comments that help to improve the paper. Also thanks to Gordon Petrie for usefull comments about potential field reconstruction methods. Thank to unknown referee for useful comments helped to improve the paper. This research was partially supported by NSF National Space Weather Program grant number AGS0819971. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1028 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1019-2011 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781PK UT WOS:000291945800006 ER PT J AU Ofman, L Vinas, AF Moya, PS AF Ofman, L. Vinas, A. -F. Moya, P. S. TI Hybrid models of solar wind plasma heating SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Solar wind plasma; Space plasma physics; Kinetic and MHD theory; Numerical simulation studies ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; PROTON TEMPERATURE; HEAVY-IONS; CORONA; TURBULENCE; ACCELERATION; INSTABILITIES; DRIVEN AB Remote sensing and in-situ observations show that solar wind ions are often hotter than electrons, and the heavy ions flow faster than the protons by up to an Alfven speed. Turbulent spectrum of Alfvenic fluctuations and shocks were detected in solar wind plasma. Cross-field inhomogeneities in the corona were observed to extend to several tens of solar radii from the Sun. The acceleration and heating of solar wind plasma is studied via 1-D and 2-D hybrid simulations. The models describe the kinetics of protons and heavy ions, and electrons are treated as neutralizing fluid. The expansion of the solar wind is considered in 1-D hybrid model. A spectrum of Alfvenic fluctuations is injected at the computational boundary, produced by differential streaming instability, or initial ion temperature anisotropy, and the parametric dependence of the perpendicular heating of H+-He++ solar wind plasma is studied. It is found that He++ ions are heated efficiently by the Alfvenic wave spectrum below the proton gyroperiod. C1 [Ofman, L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ofman, L.; Vinas, A. -F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moya, P. S.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. RP Ofman, L (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM leon.ofman@nasa.gov RI Moya, Pablo/C-3163-2011 OI Moya, Pablo/0000-0002-9161-0888 FU NASA [NNX08AV88G, NNX10AC56G]; Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONICyT, Chile) [D-21070397]; CONICyT/Becas-Chile FX LO would like to acknowledge support by NASA grants NNX08AV88G and NNX10AC56G. AFV would like to acknowledge support by NASA grant NNX10AC56G. PSM is grateful to Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONICyT, Chile) Doctoral Fellowship D-21070397 and CONICyT/Becas-Chile fellowship for doctoral internships at NASA/GSFC at 2010. We acknowledge the use of computer resources at NASA's Ames Research Center advanced supercomputing facility. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1079 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1071-2011 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781PK UT WOS:000291945800012 ER PT J AU Dunlop, MW Zhang, QH Bogdanova, YV Trattner, KJ Pu, Z Hasegawa, H Berchem, J Taylor, MGGT Volwerk, M Eastwood, JP Lavraud, B Shen, C Shi, JK Wang, J Constantinescu, D Fazakerley, AN Frey, H Sibeck, D Escoubet, P Wild, JA Liu, ZX Carr, C AF Dunlop, M. W. Zhang, Q. -H. Bogdanova, Y. V. Trattner, K. J. Pu, Z. Hasegawa, H. Berchem, J. Taylor, M. G. G. T. Volwerk, M. Eastwood, J. P. Lavraud, B. Shen, C. Shi, J. -K. Wang, J. Constantinescu, D. Fazakerley, A. N. Frey, H. Sibeck, D. Escoubet, P. Wild, J. A. Liu, Z. X. Carr, C. TI Magnetopause reconnection across wide local time SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; Space plasma physics; Magnetic reconnection ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ VORTICES; SOLAR-WIND; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA ELECTRON; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RE-CONNECTION; X-LINE AB During April to July 2007 a combination of 10 spacecraft provided simultaneous monitoring of the dayside magnetopause across a wide range of local times. The array of four Cluster spacecraft, separated at large distances (10 000 km), were traversing the dawn-side magnetopause at high and low latitudes; the five THEMIS spacecraft were often in a 4 + 1 grouped configuration, traversing the low latitude, dusk-side magnetosphere, and the Double star, TC-1 spacecraft was in an equatorial orbit between the local times of the THEMIS and Cluster orbits. We show here a number of near simultaneous conjunctions of all 10 spacecraft at the magnetopause. One conjunction identifies an extended magnetic reconnection X-line, tilted in the low latitude, sub-solar region, which exists together with active anti-parallel reconnection sites extending to locations on the dawn-side flank. Oppositely moving FTE's are observed on all spacecraft, consistent with the initially strong IMF By conditions and the comparative locations of the spacecraft both dusk-ward and dawn-ward of noon. Comparison with other conjunctions of magnetopause crossings, which are also distributed over wide local times, supports the result that reconnection activity may occur at many sites simultaneously across the sub-solar and flank magnetopause, but linked to the large scale (extended) configuration of the merging line; broadly depending on IMF orientation. The occurrence of MR therefore inherently follows a "component" driven scenario irrespective of the guide field conditions. Some conjunctions allow the global magnetopause response to IMF changes to be observed and the distribution of spacecraft can directly confirm its shape, motion and deformation at local noon, dawn and dusk-side, simultaneously. C1 [Dunlop, M. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Zhang, Q. -H.] Polar Res Inst China, SOA Key Lab Polar Sci, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. [Bogdanova, Y. V.; Fazakerley, A. N.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Trattner, K. J.] Lockheed Martin, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Pu, Z.; Wang, J.] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Berchem, J.] IGPP UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Taylor, M. G. G. T.; Escoubet, P.] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Volwerk, M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Dunlop, M. W.; Eastwood, J. P.; Carr, C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Lavraud, B.] IRAP CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Dunlop, M. W.; Shen, C.; Shi, J. -K.; Liu, Z. X.] Chinese Acad Sci, CSSAR, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Constantinescu, D.] TU BS, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Frey, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sibeck, D.] NASA GSFC, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wild, J. A.] Univ Lancaster, Space Plasma Environm & Radio Sci Grp, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. RP Dunlop, MW (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM m.w.dunlop@rl.ac.uk RI Hasegawa, Hiroshi/A-1192-2007; Constantinescu, Ovidiu Dragos/C-4350-2012; Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; Constantinescu, Dragos/A-6007-2013; Zhang, Qing-He/G-4572-2014 OI Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282; Hasegawa, Hiroshi/0000-0002-1172-021X; Zhang, Qing-He/0000-0003-2429-4050 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [2009S1-54]; ISSI; STFC IHR; State Oceanic Administration People's Republic of China [201005017]; Imperial College London FX This work is partly supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) visiting Professorship for senior international scientists grant no. 2009S1-54 and the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories of the CAS and through a working group, sponsored by ISSI, Berne. Q.-H. Zhang was supported by an STFC IHR grant and is partly supported by Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project, State Oceanic Administration People's Republic of China (No. 201005017). JPE holds an STFC Advanced Fellowship at Imperial College London. NR 79 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1683 EP 1697 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1683-2011 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 827BB UT WOS:000295399100016 ER PT J AU Gjerloev, JW Ohtani, S Iijima, T Anderson, B Slavin, J Le, G AF Gjerloev, J. W. Ohtani, S. Iijima, T. Anderson, B. Slavin, J. Le, G. TI Characteristics of the terrestrial field-aligned current system SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Electric fields and currents; Magnetospheric physics; Current systems; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; 1100 KILOMETERS; HIGH-LATITUDES; SATELLITE DATA; AURORAL OVAL; SOLAR-WIND; ELECTROJET; DEPENDENCE; SUBSTORM AB We present the first ever comprehensive statistical study of the spatiotemporal characteristics of field-aligned currents in the terrestrial magnetosphere-ionosphere system using multi point measurements. We determine how the FAC density, variability and scale size are coupled. The three ST 5 satellites were in a pearls-on-a-string formation making measurements of the magnetic field with variable inter-spacecraft separations ranging from a few seconds to about 10 min. More than 4700 sets of satellite passes are analyzed using a robust correlation analysis aimed at determining the variability of the FAC system as a function of scale size and satellite spacing. We find significant differences between the FAC characteristics on the dayside and on the nightside in terms of dynamics of the current systems. On the dayside the FAC characteristics are found to be independent of IMF B(z) and geomagnetic activity while the nightside indicates increased variability during disturbed conditions. The boundary separating highly and poorly correlated FACs can be fitted by a linear line for satellite separations shorter than 60 s (dayside) and 160 s (nightside). We interpret this as the dayside and nightside magnetospheric reconfiguration times respectively. For times exceeding this the FAC characteristics are suggested to be controlled by the solar wind (dayside) and plasma sheet (nightside) dynamics. Finally, the characteristics of FAC system with scale sizes larger than similar to 200 km (at ionospheric altitude) appear to be stable and repeatable on time scales of the order of a minute (i.e. comparable to the low-altitude orbiting satellite's traverse time across the auroral belt). In this sense, our results effectively validate the Iijima and Potemra (1978) assumption that on average the large-scale currents with scale sizes of the Region1 and Region2 are quasi-persistently significant in the transport of energy and momentum between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. C1 [Gjerloev, J. W.; Ohtani, S.; Anderson, B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Slavin, J.; Le, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gjerloev, J. W.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Gjerloev, JW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM jesper.gjerloev@ift.uib.no RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016 OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840 FU NASA [NNX08AM32G] FX We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments by K. Takahashi, R. A. Hoffman, and A. T. Y. Lui. We gratefully acknowledge the ST 5 magnetometer team: R. Strangeway, G. Le and J. Slavin. The first author acknowledges NASA contract NNX08AM32G. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1713 EP 1729 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1713-2011 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842MG UT WOS:000296603000002 ER PT J AU Narita, Y Glassmeier, KH Goldstein, ML Motschmann, U Sahraoui, F AF Narita, Y. Glassmeier, K. -H. Goldstein, M. L. Motschmann, U. Sahraoui, F. TI Three-dimensional spatial structures of solar wind turbulence from 10000-km to 100-km scales SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary magnetic fields; MHD waves and turbulence; Plasma waves and turbulence ID POLARIZED ALFVEN WAVES; MEAN MAGNETIC-FIELD; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; HELIOS-OBSERVATIONS; MHD TURBULENCE; POWER SPECTRA; FLUCTUATIONS; CLUSTER; DISSIPATION; EVOLUTION AB Using the four Cluster spacecraft, we have determined the three-dimensional wave-vector spectra of fluctuating magnetic fields in the solar wind. Three different solar wind intervals of Cluster data are investigated for this purpose, representing three different spatial scales: 10 000 km, 1000 km, and 100 km. The spectra are determined using the wave telescope technique (k-filtering technique) without assuming the validity of Taylor's frozen-in-flow hypothesis nor are any assumptions made as to the symmetry properties of the fluctuations. We find that the spectra are anisotropic on all the three scales and the power is extended primarily in the directions perpendicular to the mean magnetic field, as might be expected of two-dimensional turbulence, however, the analyzed fluctuations are not axisymmetric. The lack of axisymmetry invalidates some earlier techniques using single spacecraft observations that were used to estimate the percentage of magnetic energy residing in quasi-two-dimensional power. However, the dominance of two-dimensional turbulence is consistent with the relatively long mean free paths of cosmic rays in observed in the helio-sphere. On the other hand, the spectra also exhibit secondary extended structures oblique from the mean magnetic field direction. We discuss possible origins of anisotropy and asymmetry of solar wind turbulence spectra. C1 [Narita, Y.; Glassmeier, K. -H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Glassmeier, K. -H.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Motschmann, U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Theoret Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Motschmann, U.] Inst Planetenforsch, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Sahraoui, F.] Lab Phys Plasmas Observ St Maur, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. RP Narita, Y (reprint author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. EM y.narita@tu-bs.de RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008 FU Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany [50 OC 0901] FX This work was financially supported by Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany, under contract 50 OC 0901. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1731 EP 1738 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1731-2011 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842MG UT WOS:000296603000003 ER PT J AU Korth, H Rastatter, L Anderson, BJ Ridley, AJ AF Korth, H. Rastaetter, L. Anderson, B. J. Ridley, A. J. TI Comparison of the observed dependence of large-scale Birkeland currents on solar wind parameters with that obtained from global simulations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; Magnetospheric physics; Current systems; Space plasma physics; Numerical simulation studies ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; PARTICLE ENERGY FLUX; MHD SIMULATION; MAGNETOMETER DATA; ALIGNED CURRENTS; IRIDIUM CONSTELLATION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; CURRENT REGION; MODEL AB Spatial distributions of the large-scale Birkeland currents derived from magnetic field data acquired by the constellation of Iridium Communications satellites have been compared with global-magnetosphere magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The Iridium data, spanning the interval from February 1999 to December 2007, were first sorted into 45 degrees-wide bins of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle, and the dependencies of the Birkeland currents on solar wind electric field magnitude, E-yz, ram pressure, p(sw), and Alfven Mach number, M-A, were then examined within each bin. The simulations have been conducted at the publicly-accessible Community Coordinated Modeling Center using the University of Michigan Space Weather modeling Framework, which features a global magnetosphere model coupled to the Rice Convection Model. In excess of 120 simulations with steady-state conditions were executed to yield the dependencies of the Birkeland currents on the solar wind and IMF parameters of the coupled model. Averaged over all IMF orientations, the simulation reproduces the Iridium statistical Birkeland current distributions with a two-dimensional correlation coefficient of about 0.8, and the total current agrees with the climatology averages to within 10 %. The total current for individual events regularly exceeds those computed from statistical distributions by factors of >= 2, resulting in larger disparities between observations and simulations. The simulation results also qualitatively reflect the observed increases in total current with increasing E-yz and p(sw), but the model underestimates the rate of increase by up to 50 %. The equatorward expansion and shift of the large-scale currents toward noon observed for increasing E-yz are also evident in the simulation current patterns. Consistent with the observations, the simulation does not show a significant dependence of the total current on M-A. C1 [Korth, H.; Anderson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Rastaetter, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ridley, A. J.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Korth, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. EM haje.korth@jhuapl.edu RI Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 FU NSF [ATM-0539024] FX We thank Iridium Satellite LLC for providing the engineering magnetometer data for scientific analysis. Support for processing and analysis of the Iridium magnetometer data was provided by NSF under grant ATM-0539024. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We thank the ACE team for the use of the MAG and SWEPAM data made available via the ACE Level 2 data base. Finally, we acknowledge the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) for supporting the large number of simulations required for the analysis presented here. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1809 EP 1826 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1809-2011 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842MG UT WOS:000296603000010 ER PT J AU Li, J Zwally, HJ AF Li, Jun Zwally, H. Jay TI Modeling of firn compaction for estimating ice-sheet mass change from observed ice-sheet elevation change SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SURFACE ELEVATION; GREENLAND; BALANCE; DENSIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; VARIABILITY AB Changes in ice-sheet surface elevation are caused by a combination of ice-dynamic imbalance, ablation, temporal variations in accumulation rate, firn compaction and underlying bedrock motion. Thus, deriving the rate of ice-sheet mass change from measured surface elevation change requires information on the rate of firn compaction and bedrock motion, which do not involve changes in mass, and requires an appropriate firn density to associate with elevation changes induced by recent accumulation rate variability. We use a 25 year record of surface temperature and a parameterization for accumulation change as a function of temperature to drive a firn compaction model. We apply this formulation to ICESat measurements of surface elevation change at three locations on the Greenland ice sheet in order to separate the accumulation-driven changes from the ice-dynamic/ablation-driven changes, and thus to derive the corresponding mass change. Our calculated densities for the accumulation-driven changes range from 410 to 610 kg m(-3), which along with 900 kg m(-3) for the dynamic/ablation-driven changes gives average densities ranging from 680 to 790 kg m(-3). We show that using an average (or 'effective') density to convert elevation change to mass change is not valid where the accumulation and the dynamic elevation changes are of opposite sign. C1 [Li, Jun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zwally, H. Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Jun.Li@nasa.gov FU NASA FX This research was supported by NASA's ICESat Project Science funding. We thank S.F. Price and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments, which helped greatly to improve the paper. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 59 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 878HF UT WOS:000299245400002 ER PT J AU Yi, DH Zwally, HJ Robbins, JW AF Yi, Donghui Zwally, H. Jay Robbins, John W. TI ICESat observations of seasonal and interannual variations of sea-ice freeboard and estimated thickness in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (2003-2009) SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPWARD-LOOKING SONAR; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; FLUX AB Sea-ice freeboard heights for 17 ICESat campaign periods from 2003 to 2009 are derived from ICESat data. freeboard is combined with snow depth from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) data and nominal densities of snow, water and sea ice, to estimate sea-ice thickness. Sea-ice freeboard and thickness distributions show clear seasonal variations that reflect the yearly cycle of growth and decay of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) pack ice. During October-November, sea ice grows to its seasonal maximum both in area and thickness; the mean freeboards are 0.33-0.41 m and the mean thicknesses are 2.10-2.59 m. During February-March, thinner sea ice melts away and the sea-ice pack is mainly distributed in the west Weddell Sea; the mean freeboards are 0.35-0.46 m and the mean thicknesses are 1.48-1.94 m. During May-June, the mean freeboards and thicknesses are 0.26-0.29 m and 1.32-1.37 m, respectively. The 6 year trends in sea-ice extent and volume are (0.023 +/- 0.051) x 10(6) km(2) a(-1) (0.45%a(-1)) and (0.007 +/- 0.092) x 10(3) km(3) a(-1) (0.08% a(-1)); however, the large standard deviations indicate that these positive trends are not statistically significant. C1 [Yi, Donghui; Robbins, John W.] NASA, SGT Inc, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yi, DH (reprint author), NASA, SGT Inc, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM donghui.yi@nasa.gov FU NASA FX This work is supported by NASA's funding of the ICESat Project Science. We thank A. Ivanoff, D. J. Cavalieri, T. Markus, and S. Fiegles for their help in providing the AMSR-E snow-depth and ice-concentration data. We thank both the Scientific Editor, S. Kern, and the two anonymous referees for their careful and helpful reviews. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 57 BP 43 EP 51 PN 1 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 751ZB UT WOS:000289655600006 ER PT J AU Farrell, SL Markus, T Kwok, R Connor, L AF Farrell, Sinead L. Markus, Thorsten Kwok, Ron Connor, Laurence TI Laser altimetry sampling strategies over sea ice SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB With the conclusion of the science phase of the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission in late 2009, and the planned launch of ICESat-2 in late 2015, NASA has recently established the Ice Bridge program to provide continuity between missions. A major goal of Ice Bridge is to obtain a sea-ice thickness time series via airborne surveys over the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Typically two laser altimeters; the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS), are utilized during Ice Bridge flights. Using laser altimetry simulations of conventional analogue systems such as ICESat, LVIS and ATM, with the multi-beam system proposed for ICESat-2, we investigate differences in measurements gathered at varying spatial resolutions and the impact on sea-ice freeboard. We assess the ability of each system to reproduce the elevation distributions of two sea-ice models and discuss potential biases in lead detection and sea-surface elevation, arising from variable footprint size and spacing. The conventional systems accurately reproduce mean freeboard over 25 km length scales, while ICESat-2 offers considerable improvements over its predecessor ICESat. In particular, its dense along-track sampling of the surface will allow flexibility in the algorithmic approaches taken to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio for accurate and precise freeboard retrieval. C1 [Farrell, Sinead L.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Connor, Laurence] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sineadf@umd.edu RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; FU NASA FX We acknowledge the efforts of the NASA ATM research team for their expertise and assistance with ATM data processing. We thank J.M. Kuhn for technical assistance with the model set-up and data simulations, D.C. McAdoo for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments contributed significantly to the clarity of the paper. This work was supported under the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 57 BP 69 EP 76 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 751ZB UT WOS:000289655600009 ER PT J AU Scambos, TA Berthier, E Shuman, CA AF Scambos, Ted A. Berthier, Etienne Shuman, Christopher A. TI The triggering of subglacial lake drainage during rapid glacier drawdown: Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETRY; ELEVATION CHANGES; WEST ANTARCTICA; DISCHARGE; SHELF; FLOW; DISINTEGRATION; INVENTORY; ACCURACY AB Ice surface altimetry from ICESat-1 and NASA aircraft altimeter overflights spanning 2002-09 indicate that a region of lower Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, shows an unusual temporal pattern of elevation loss: a period of very rapid drawdown (similar to 91 m a(-1) between September 2004 and September 2005) bounded by periods of large but more moderate rates (23 m a(-1) until September 2004; 12 m a(-1) after September 2005). The region of increased drawdown is similar to 4.5 km x 2.2 km based on satellite (ASTER and SPOT-5) stereo-image digital elevation model (DEM) differencing spanning the event. In a later differential DEM the anomalous drawdown feature is not seen. Bathymetry in Crane Glacier fjord reveals a series of flat-lying, formerly subglacial deeps interpreted as lake sediment basins. We conclude that the elevation-change feature resulted from drainage of a small, deep subglacial lake. We infer that the drainage event was induced by hydraulic forcing of subglacial water past a downstream obstruction. However, only a fraction of Crane Glacier's increase in flow speed that occurred near the time of lake drainage (derived from image feature tracking) appears to be directly attributable to the event; instead, retreat of the ice front off a subglacial ridge 6 km downstream of the lake is likely the dominant cause of renewed fast flow and more negative mass balance in the subsequent 4 years. C1 [Scambos, Ted A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berthier, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Shuman, Christopher A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Shuman, Christopher A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Scambos, TA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, 1540 30th St,Campus Box 449, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM teds@nsidc.org RI Berthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009 OI Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155 FU NASA [NNG05GO82G]; French Space Agency (CNES) [352] FX This research was supported by NASA grant NNG05GO82G to T. Scambos. E. Berthier acknowledges support from the French Space Agency (CNES) through the TOSCA and ISIS proposal No. 352. SPOT-5 high-resolution stereo data were provided at no cost by CNES through the SPIRIT International Polar Year project (Korona and others, 2009). ASTER data were provided at no cost by NASA/US Geological Survey through the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project (Raup and others, 2007). Formosat-2 data used in the study (Fig. 5) were acquired by the National Space Projects Office (NSPO) of Taiwan, and processed by Chien-Cheng Liu of National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Bathymetry data were facilitated by F. Zgur and M. Rebesco. We thank J. Bohlander and T. Haran of NSIDC, who produced several of the datasets used in the study, and V. Suchdeo (Sigma Space at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center) who assisted with the ATM data processing. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 20 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 59 BP 74 EP 82 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 878HF UT WOS:000299245400011 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Jones, KF Light, B Eicken, H Markus, T Stroeve, J Lindsay, R AF Perovich, D. K. Jones, K. F. Light, B. Eicken, H. Markus, T. Stroeve, J. Lindsay, R. TI Solar partitioning in a changing Arctic sea-ice cover SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALBEDO; OCEAN; EVOLUTION; SUMMER AB The summer extent of the Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in recent decades and there have been alterations in the timing and duration of the summer melt season. These changes in ice conditions have affected the partitioning of solar radiation in the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system. The impact of sea-ice changes on solar partitioning is examined on a pan-Arctic scale using a 25 km x 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid for the years 1979-2007. Daily values of incident solar irradiance are obtained from NCEP reanalysis products adjusted by ERA-40, and ice concentrations are determined from passive microwave satellite data. The albedo of the ice is parameterized by a five-stage process that includes dry snow, melting snow, melt pond formation, melt pond evolution, and freeze-up. The timing of these stages is governed by the onset dates of summer melt and fall freeze-up, which are determined from satellite observations. Trends of solar heat input to the ice were mixed, with increases due to longer melt seasons and decreases due to reduced ice concentration. Results indicate a general trend of increasing solar heat input to the Arctic ice-ocean system due to declines in albedo induced by decreases in ice concentration and longer melt seasons. The evolution of sea-ice albedo, and hence the total solar heating of the ice-ocean system, is more sensitive to the date of melt onset than the date of fall freeze-up. The largest increases in total annual solar heat input from 1979 to 2007, averaging as much as 4% a(-1), occurred in the Chukchi Sea region. The contribution of solar heat to the ocean is increasing faster than the contribution to the ice due to the loss of sea ice. C1 [Perovich, D. K.; Jones, K. F.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Light, B.; Lindsay, R.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Eicken, H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Markus, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stroeve, J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM donald.k.perovich@usace.army.mil RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; Eicken, Hajo/M-6901-2016; Lindsay, Ron/S-9083-2016 FU US National Science Foundation; NASA [NNG04GO51G] FX This work has been funded by the US National Science Foundation Arctic System Science Program and the NASA Cryospheric Program. The work on melt/freeze-up dates was funded under NASA Award No. NNG04GO51G. We appreciate the efforts of the reviewers and the scientific editor in improving the manuscript. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 31 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 57 BP 192 EP 196 PN 2 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 751ZD UT WOS:000289655800003 ER PT J AU Markus, T Massom, R Worby, A Lytle, V Kurtz, N Maksym, T AF Markus, Thorsten Massom, Robert Worby, Anthony Lytle, Victoria Kurtz, Nathan Maksym, Ted TI Freeboard, snow depth and sea-ice roughness in East Antarctica from in situ and multiple satellite data SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTS AB In October 2003 a campaign on board the Australian icebreaker Aurora Australis had the objective to validate standard Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) sea-ice products. Additionally, the satellite laser altimeter on the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) was in operation. To capture the large-scale information on the sea-ice conditions necessary for satellite validation, the measurement strategy was to obtain large-scale sea-ice statistics using extensive sea-ice measurements in a Lagrangian approach. A drifting buoy array, spanning initially 50 km x 100 km, was surveyed during the campaign. In situ measurements consisted of 12 transects, 50-500 m, with detailed snow and ice measurements as well as random snow depth sampling of floes within the buoy array using helicopters. In order to increase the amount of coincident in situ and satellite data an approach has been developed to extrapolate measurements in time and in space. Assuming no change in snow depth and freeboard occurred during the period of the campaign on the floes surveyed, we use buoy ice-drift information as well as daily estimates of thin-ice fraction and rough-ice vs smooth-ice fractions from AMSR-E and QuikSCAT, respectively, to estimate kilometer-scale snow depth and freeboard for other days. The results show that ICESat freeboard estimates have a mean difference of 1.8 cm when compared with the in situ data and a correlation coefficient of 0.6. Furthermore, incorporating ICESat roughness information into the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm significantly improves snow depth retrievals. Snow depth retrievals using a combination of AMSR-E and ICESat data agree with in situ data with a mean difference of 2.3 cm and a correlation coefficient of 0.84 with a negligible bias. C1 [Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Massom, Robert; Worby, Anthony; Lytle, Victoria] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Massom, Robert; Worby, Anthony] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Sandy Bay, Tas 7001, Australia. [Kurtz, Nathan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Maksym, Ted] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Markus, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM thorsten.markus@nasa.gov RI Worby, Anthony/A-2373-2012; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012 FU Australian Government through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC); AAS [2298]; NASA [NRA-OES-03] FX We gratefully acknowledge the professional support of Captain Pearson, the officers and crew of the RSV Aurora Australis, and the helicopter pilots and crew. This work was supported by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC). It was carried out as part of AAS project 2298 and NASA's AMSR-E Validation Program (http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/validation/index/php) through NRA-OES-03, and contributes to AAS project 3024. Thanks are also extended to the expeditioners traveling to Casey for their help in collecting the snow data. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 57 BP 242 EP 248 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 751ZD UT WOS:000289655800009 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Richter-Menge, JA Jones, KF Light, B Elder, BC Polashenski, C Laroche, D Markus, T Lindsay, R AF Perovich, Donald K. Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A. Jones, Kathleen F. Light, Bonnie Elder, Bruce C. Polashenski, Christopher Laroche, Daniel Markus, Thorsten Lindsay, Ronald TI Arctic sea-ice melt in 2008 and the role of solar heating SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ART.; ALBEDO; OCEAN; COVER; SHEBA AB There has been a marked decline in the summer extent of Arctic sea ice over the past few decades. Data from autonomous ice mass-balance buoys can enhance our understanding of this decline. These buoys monitor changes in snow deposition and ablation, ice growth, and ice surface and bottom melt. Result; from the summer of 2008 showed considerable large-scale spatial variability in the amount of surface and bottom melt. Small amounts of melting were observed north of Greenland, while melting in the southern Beaufort Sea was quite large. Comparison of net solar heat input to the ice and heat required for surface ablation showed only modest correlation. However, there was a strong correlation between solar heat input to the ocean and bottom melting. As the ice concentration in the Beaufort Sea region decreased, there was an increase in solar heat to the ocean and an increase in bottom melting. C1 [Perovich, Donald K.; Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A.; Jones, Kathleen F.; Elder, Bruce C.; Laroche, Daniel] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Light, Bonnie; Lindsay, Ronald] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Polashenski, Christopher] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM donald.k.perovich@usace.army.mil RI Lindsay, Ron/S-9083-2016 FU US National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration FX We appreciate the support of the North Pole Environmental Observatory, the Beaufort Gyre Environmental Observatory and the DAMOCLES program for their efforts in deploying ice mass-balance buoys. This work has been funded by the US National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 57 BP 355 EP 359 PN 2 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 751ZD UT WOS:000289655800021 ER PT S AU Perez, RJ AF Perez, Reinaldo J. GP IEEE TI Surviving The Lead Reliability Engineer Role In High Unit Value Projects SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS), 2011 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 24-APR 27, 2011 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL DE Reliability Engineering; Lead Reliability Engineer; lessons learned C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Centennial, CO 80122 USA. RP Perez, RJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 8003 S Corona Way, Centennial, CO 80122 USA. EM reinaldo.j.perez@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-5103-6 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BXA21 UT WOS:000295508800021 ER PT S AU Allen, SW Evrard, AE Mantz, AB AF Allen, Steven W. Evrard, August E. Mantz, Adam B. BE Faber, SM VanDishoeck, E TI Cosmological Parameters from Observations of Galaxy Clusters SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 49 SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cosmology; dark energy; dark matter; galaxy clusters; intracluster medium; large-scale structure ID X-RAY LUMINOSITY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; INTERACTION CROSS-SECTION; MASS-TEMPERATURE RELATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS AB Studies of galaxy clusters have proved crucial in helping to establish the standard model of cosmology, with a Universe dominated by dark matter and dark energy. A theoretical basis that describes clusters as massive, multicomponent, quasi-equilibrium systems is growing in its capability to interpret multiwavelength observations of expanding scope and sensitivity. We review current cosmological results, including contributions to fundamental physics, obtained from observations of galaxy clusters. These results are consistent with and complementary to those from other methods. We highlight several areas of opportunity for the next few years, and emphasize the need for accurate modeling of survey selection and sources of systematic error. Capitalizing on these opportunities will require a multiwavelength approach and the application of rigorous statistical frameworks, utilizing the combined strengths of observers, simulators, and theorists. C1 [Allen, Steven W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Evrard, August E.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Evrard, August E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, August E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, August E.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mantz, Adam B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Allen, SW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM swa@stanford.edu; evrard@umich.edu; adam.b.mantz@nasa.gov OI Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X NR 332 TC 306 Z9 306 U1 1 U2 19 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2011 VL 49 BP 409 EP 470 DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102514 PG 62 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BXD57 UT WOS:000295819800011 ER PT S AU Mumma, MJ Charnley, SB AF Mumma, Michael. J. Charnley, Steven B. BE Faber, SM VanDishoeck, E TI The Chemical Composition of Comets-Emerging Taxonomies and Natal Heritage SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 49 SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE astrochemistry; cometary molecules; interstellar molecules; nuclear spin temperatures; ortho-para ratios; primary volatiles ID O1 HALE-BOPP; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; JUPITER-FAMILY COMETS; NITROGEN ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; C/2001 Q4 NEAT; SPITZER SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; HOT MOLECULAR CORES; LOW-MASS PROTOSTAR AB Cometary nuclei contain the least modified material from the formative epoch of our planetary system, and their compositions reflect a range of processes experienced by material prior to its incorporation in the cometary nucleus. Dynamical models suggest that icy bodies in the main cometary reservoirs (Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud) formed in a range of environments in the protoplanetary disk, and (for the Oort Cloud) even in disks surrounding neighboring stars of the Sun's birth cluster. Photometric and spectroscopic surveys of more than 100 comets have enabled taxonomic groupings based on free radical species and on crystallinity of rocky grains. Since 1985, new surveys have provided emerging taxonomies based on the abundance ratios of primary volatiles. More than 20 primary chemical species are now detected in bright comets. Measurements of nuclear spin ratios (in water, ammonia, and methane) and of isotopic ratios (D/H in water and HCN;N-14/N-15 in CN and HCN) have provided critical insights on factors affecting formation of the primary species. The identification of an abundant product species (HNC) has provided clear evidence of chemical production in the inner coma. Parallel advances have occurred in astrochemistry of hot corinos, circumstellar disks, and dense cloud cores. In this review, we address the current state of cometary taxonomy and compare it with current astrochemical insights. C1 [Mumma, Michael. J.; Charnley, Steven B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Charnley, Steven B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mumma, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.j.mumma@nasa.gov; steven.b.charnley@nasa.gov RI Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012; mumma, michael/I-2764-2013 NR 406 TC 230 Z9 232 U1 4 U2 69 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2011 VL 49 BP 471 EP 524 DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-081309-130811 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BXD57 UT WOS:000295819800012 ER PT S AU Hofmann, EE Cahill, B Fennel, K Friedrichs, MAM Hyde, K Lee, C Mannino, A Najjar, RG O'Reilly, JE Wilkin, J Xue, JH AF Hofmann, Eileen E. Cahill, Bronwyn Fennel, Katja Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Hyde, Kimberly Lee, Cindy Mannino, Antonio Najjar, Raymond G. O'Reilly, John E. Wilkin, John Xue, Jianhong BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Modeling the Dynamics of Continental Shelf Carbon SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE carbon cycling; continental shelf; coupled circulation-biogeochemical models; model-data comparisons; data assimilation; biogeochemical model initialization ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GAS-EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; INORGANIC NITROGEN AB Continental margin systems are important contributors to global nutrient and carbon budgets. Effort is needed to quantify this contribution and how it will be modified under changing patterns of climate and land use. Coupled models will be used to provide projections of future states of continental margin systems. Thus, it is appropriate to consider the limitations that impede the development of realistic models. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of modeling carbon cycling on continental margins as well as the processes and issues that provide the next challenges to such models. Our overview is done within the context of a coupled circulation-biogeochemical model developed for the northeastern North American continental shelf region. Particular choices of forcing and initial fields and process parameterizations are used to illustrate the consequences for simulated distributions, as revealed by comparisons to observations using quantitative statistical metrics. C1 [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Cahill, Bronwyn; Wilkin, John] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.; Xue, Jianhong] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Hyde, Kimberly; O'Reilly, John E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lee, Cindy] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xue, Jianhong] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Hofmann, EE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; bronwyn@marine.rutgers.edu; katja.fennel@dal.ca; marjy@vims.edu; kimberly.hyde@noaa.gov; cindy.lee@sunysb.edu; antonio.mannino@nasa.gov; najjar@meteo.psu.edu; jay.oreilly@noaa.gov; wilkin@marine.rutgers.edu; jxue@mail.utexas.edu RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Lee, Cindy/B-1456-2009; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014; OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466; Lee, Cindy/0000-0002-7608-6213; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595 NR 133 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 47 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4503-7 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2011 VL 3 BP 93 EP 122 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142740 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BTE33 UT WOS:000286638700004 PM 21329200 ER PT B AU Kleinn, J Hall, TM AF Kleinn, J. Hall, T. M. BE Faber, MH Kohler, J Nishijima, K TI Tropical cyclone return periods: Comparison of a stochastic track model with an extreme value analysis of historic data SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP) CY AUG 01-04, 2011 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich ID LANDFALL AB We estimate return-periods as a function of intensity for land-falling Tropical Cyclones (TCs). Two statistical techniques are compared and contrasted: 1) extreme value theory using the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) based solely on data at landfall and 2) a stochastic model of the complete life-cycle of TCs based on basin-wide TC data. The stochastic TC model brings many more data to bear on landfall estimation than the GPD analysis, allowing for greater precision in estimates of intensity at long return periods. However, the added complexity of the TC model increases the possibility of bias. While the two analyses display broad-brush agreement, there are differences in detail. We present and discuss the outcome of the stochastic TC model and use two methods to validate the model's return periods, including comparison to the GPD results. We also estimate the uncertainty in the model's return periods using a generalized jackknife procedure. C1 [Kleinn, J.] Aspen Re, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hall, T. M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Kleinn, J (reprint author), Aspen Re, Zurich, Switzerland. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3 PY 2011 BP 1615 EP 1619 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8DO UT WOS:000392245603013 ER PT J AU Tao, WK Shi, JJ Chen, SYS Lang, S Lin, PL Hong, SY Peters-Lidard, C Hou, A AF Tao, Wei-Kuo Shi, Jainn Jong Chen, Shuyi S. Lang, Stephen Lin, Pay-Liam Hong, Song-You Peters-Lidard, Christa Hou, Arthur TI The impact of microphysical schemes on hurricane intensity and track SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; microphysics; high-resolution modeling; precipitation processes ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; PART I; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS AB During the past decade, both research and operational numerical weather prediction models [e.g. the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF)] have started using more complex microphysical schemes originally developed for high-resolution cloud resolving models (CRMs) with 1-2 km or less horizontal resolutions. WRF is a next-generation meso-scale forecast model and assimilation system. It incorporates a modern software framework, advanced dynamics, numerics and data assimilation techniques, a multiple moveable nesting capability, and improved physical packages. WRF can be used for a wide range of applications, from idealized research to operational forecasting, with an emphasis on horizontal grid sizes in the range of 1-10 km. The current WRF includes several different microphysics options. At NASA Goddard, four different cloud microphysics options have been implemented into WRF. The performance of these schemes is compared to those of the other microphysics schemes available in WRF for an Atlantic hurricane case (Katrina). In addition, a brief review of previous modeling studies on the impact of microphysics schemes and processes on the intensity and track of hurricanes is presented and compared against the current Katrina study. In general, all of the studies show that microphysics schemes do not have a major impact on track forecasts but do have more of an effect on the simulated intensity. Also, nearly all of the previous studies found that simulated hurricanes had the strongest deepening or intensification when using only warm rain physics. This is because all of the simulated precipitating hydrometeors are large raindrops that quickly fall out near the eye-wall region, which would hydrostatically produce the lowest pressure. In addition, these studies suggested that intensities become unrealistically strong when evaporative cooling from cloud droplets and melting from ice particles are removed as this results in much weaker downdrafts in the simulated storms. However, there are many differences between the different modeling studies, which are identified and discussed. C1 [Tao, Wei-Kuo; Shi, Jainn Jong; Lang, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shi, Jainn Jong] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chen, Shuyi S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lang, Stephen] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Lin, Pay-Liam] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hou, Arthur] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Modeling Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tao, WK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM wei-kuo.tao-1@nasa.gov RI Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2007-4406] FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Joanne G. Simpson whose tireless and dedicated efforts were a constant inspiration. We are truly grateful for her leader-ship and support over her many great years here at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The authors thank Dr. D. Anderson for his support under the Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program. Development and improvement of the microphysics is mainly supported by the NASA TRMM/GPM. The first author is grateful to Dr. R. Kakar at NASA headquarters for his support of microphysics development over the past decades. S.-Y. Hong was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-4406. We also thank two anonymous reviewers their constructive comments and suggestions that improved this paper. Acknowledgment is also made to Dr. T. Lee at NASA headquarters, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the NASA Ames Research Center for computer time used in this research. NR 81 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 19 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s13143-011-1001-z PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712LU UT WOS:000286669100001 ER PT J AU Schopf, JW AF Schopf, J. William TI J. William Schopf SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Schopf, J. William] Univ Calif Los Angeles, CSEOL, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schopf, J. William] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schopf, J. William] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA USA. RP Schopf, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, CSEOL, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Geol Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM Schopf@ess.ucla.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1089/ast.2010.1129 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 726AQ UT WOS:000287689200002 PM 21294675 ER PT J AU Grotzinger, J Beaty, D Dromart, G Gupta, S Harris, M Hurowitz, J Kocurek, G McLennan, S Milliken, R Ori, GG Sumner, D AF Grotzinger, John Beaty, David Dromart, Gilles Gupta, Sanjeev Harris, Mitch Hurowitz, Joel Kocurek, Gary McLennan, Scott Milliken, Ralph Ori, Gian Gabrielle Sumner, Dawn TI Mars Sedimentary Geology: Key Concepts and Outstanding Questions SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; BURNS FORMATION; CLAY-MINERALS; SPIRIT ROVER; BASIN EJECTA; LANDING SITE; RECORD; CARBONATE; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS C1 [Grotzinger, John] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Beaty, David] CALTECH, Mars Program Off, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Dromart, Gilles] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Gupta, Sanjeev] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Harris, Mitch] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA USA. [Kocurek, Gary] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Earth Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McLennan, Scott] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Milliken, Ralph] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ori, Gian Gabrielle] Univ G DAnnunzio, IRSPS, Pescara, Italy. [Sumner, Dawn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grotzinger, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM grotz@gps.caltech.edu RI Sumner, Dawn/E-8744-2011 OI Sumner, Dawn/0000-0002-7343-2061 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work of D. Beaty and J. Hurowitz was carried out for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 63 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 26 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1089/ast.2010.0571 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 726AQ UT WOS:000287689200008 PM 21294660 ER PT B AU Charcos-Llorens, MV Krzaczek, R Shuping, RY Lin, L AF Charcos-Llorens, M. V. Krzaczek, R. Shuping, R. Y. Lin, L. BE Evans, IN Accomazzi, A Mink, DJ Rots, AH TI The Challenge of Data Reduction for Multiple Instruments on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XX SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Wolfram Res, NetApp, Hinode XRay Telescope Sci Team HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory For infrared Astronomy, presents a number of interesting challenges for the development of a data reduction environment which, at its initial phase, will have to incorporate pipelines from seven different instruments developed by organizations around the world. Therefore, the SOFIA data reduction software must run code which has been developed in a variety of dissimilar environments, e.g., IDL, Python, Java, C++. Moreover, we anticipate this diversity will only increase in future generations of instrumentation. We investigated three distinctly different situations for performing pipelined data reduction in SOFIA: (1) automated data reduction after data archival at the end of a mission, (2) re-pipelining of science data with updated calibrations or optimum parameters, and (3) the interactive user-driven local execution and analysis of data reduction by an investigator. These different modes would traditionally result in very different software implementations of algorithms used by each instrument team, in effect tripling the amount of data reduction software that would need to be maintained by SOFIA. We present here a unique approach for enfolding all the instrument-specific data reduction software in the observatory framework and verifies the needs for all three reduction scenarios as well as the standard visualization tools. The SOFIA data reduction structure would host the different algorithms and techniques that the instrument teams develop in their own programming language and operating system. Ideally, duplication of software is minimized across the system because instrument teams can draw on software solutions and techniques previously delivered to SOFIA by other instruments. With this approach, we minimize the effort for analyzing and developing new software reduction pipelines for future generation instruments. We also explore the potential benefits of this approach in the portability of the software to an ever-broadening science audience, as well as its ability to ease the use of distributed processing for data reduction pipelines. C1 [Charcos-Llorens, M. V.; Lin, L.] NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Charcos-Llorens, MV (reprint author), NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-764-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 442 BP 309 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM57 UT WOS:000291892100066 ER PT B AU Pence, W Seaman, R White, RL AF Pence, William Seaman, Rob White, Richard L. BE Evans, IN Accomazzi, A Mink, DJ Rots, AH TI A New Compression Method for FITS Tables SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XX SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Wolfram Res, NetApp, Hinode XRay Telescope Sci Team HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB As the size and number of FITS binary tables generated by astronomical observatories increases, so does the need for a more efficient compression method to reduce the amount disk space and network bandwidth required to archive and download the data tables. We have developed a new compression method for FITS binary tables that is modeled after the FITS tiled-image compression convention that has been in use for the past decade. Tests of this new method on a sample of FITS binary tables from a variety of current missions show that on average this new compression technique saves about 50% more disk space than when simply compressing the whole FITS file with gzip. Other advantages of this method are (I) the compressed FITS table is itself a valid FITS table, (2) the FITS headers remain uncompressed, thus allowing rapid read and write access to the keyword values, and (3) in the common case where the FITS file contains multiple tables, each table is compressed separately and may be accessed without having to uncompress the whole file. C1 [Pence, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pence, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-764-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 442 BP 493 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM57 UT WOS:000291892100106 ER PT B AU Ptak, A Krughoff, S Connolly, A AF Ptak, A. Krughoff, S. Connolly, A. BE Evans, IN Accomazzi, A Mink, DJ Rots, AH TI Automated X-ray and Optical Analysis of the Virtual Observatory and Grid Computing SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XX SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Wolfram Res, NetApp, Hinode XRay Telescope Sci Team HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB We are developing a system to combine the Web Enabled Source Identification with X-Matching (WESIX) web service, which emphasizes source detection on optical images,with the XAssist program that automates the analysis of X-ray data. XAssist is continuously processing archival X-ray data in several pipelines. We have established a workflow in which FITS images and/or (in the case of X-ray data) an X-ray field can be input to WESIX. Intelligent services return available data (if requested fields have been processed) or submit job requests to a queue to be performed asynchronously. These services will be available via web services (for non-interactive use by Virtual Observatory portals and applications) and through web applications (written in the Django web application framework). We are adding web services for specific XAssist functionality such as determining the exposure and limiting flux for a given position on the sky and extracting spectra and images for a given region. We are improving the queuing system in XAssist to allow for "watch lists" to be specified by users, and when X-ray fields in a user's watch list become publicly available they will be automatically added to the queue. XAssist is being expanded to be used as a survey planning tool when coupled with simulation software, including functionality for Nu-Star, eRosita, IXO, and the Wide-Field Xray Telescope (WFXT), as part of an end-to-end simulation/analysis system. We are also investigating the possibility of a dedicated iPhone/iPad app for querying pipeline data, requesting processing, and administrative job control. This work was funded by AISRP grant NNG06GE59G. C1 [Ptak, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ptak, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-764-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 442 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM57 UT WOS:000291892100129 ER PT J AU Basri, G Walkowicz, LM Batalha, N Gilliland, RL Jenkins, J Borucki, WJ Koch, D Caldwell, D Dupree, AK Latham, DW Marcy, GW Meibom, S Brown, T AF Basri, Gibor Walkowicz, Lucianne M. Batalha, Natalie Gilliland, Ronald L. Jenkins, Jon Borucki, William J. Koch, David Caldwell, Doug Dupree, Andrea K. Latham, David W. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Meibom, Soeren Brown, Tim TI PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN KEPLER TARGET STARS. II. AN OVERVIEW OF AMPLITUDE, PERIODICITY, AND ROTATION IN FIRST QUARTER DATA SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; starspots; stars: rotation; stars: solar-type; stars: statistics; stars: variables: general ID OSCILLATIONS AB We provide an overview of stellar variability in the first quarter data from the Kepler mission. The intent of this paper is to examine the entire sample of over 150,000 target stars for periodic behavior in their light curves and relate this to stellar characteristics. This data set constitutes an unprecedented study of stellar variability given its great precision and complete time coverage (with a half hour cadence). Because the full Kepler pipeline is not currently suitable for a study of stellar variability of this sort, we describe our procedures for treating the "raw" pipeline data. About half of the total sample exhibits convincing periodic variability up to two weeks, with amplitudes ranging from differential intensity changes of less than 10(-4) up to more than 10%. K and M dwarfs have a greater fraction of period behavior than G dwarfs. The giants in the sample have distinctive quasi-periodic behavior, but are not periodic in the way we define it. Not all periodicities are due to rotation, and the most significant period is not necessarily the rotation period. We discuss properties of the light curves, and in particular look at a sample of very clearly periodic G dwarfs. It is clear that a large number of them do vary because of rotation and starspots, but it will take further analysis to fully exploit this. C1 [Basri, Gibor; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batalha, Natalie; Jenkins, Jon; Borucki, William J.; Koch, David; Caldwell, Doug] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dupree, Andrea K.; Latham, David W.; Meibom, Soeren] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brown, Tim] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Basri, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 FU Kepler Fellowship for the Study of Planet-Bearing Stars; NSF [AST-0606748]; NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX The authors thank the entire Kepler mission team, including the engineers and managers who were so pivotal in the ultimate success of the mission. L. W. is grateful for the support of the Kepler Fellowship for the Study of Planet-Bearing Stars. G. B. thanks the NSF through grant AST-0606748 for partial support of this work. Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. NR 15 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/20 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100020 ER PT J AU Bodewits, D Villanueva, GL Mumma, MJ Landsman, WB Carter, JA Read, AM AF Bodewits, D. Villanueva, G. L. Mumma, M. J. Landsman, W. B. Carter, J. A. Read, A. M. TI SWIFT-UVOT GRISM SPECTROSCOPY OF COMETS: A FIRST APPLICATION TO C/2007 N3 (LULIN) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets: individual (C/2007 N3 (Lulin)); methods: data analysis; techniques: imaging spectroscopy; ultraviolet: planetary systems ID DEEP IMPACT; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; VOLATILE COMPOSITION; SOLAR; FLUORESCENCE; 8P/TUTTLE; CO2; IONIZATION; PHOTOMETRY; TELESCOPE AB We observed comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin) twice on UT 2009 January 28, using the UV grism of the Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope on board the Swift gamma-ray burst space observatory. Grism spectroscopy provides spatially resolved spectroscopy over large apertures for faint objects. We developed a novel methodology to analyze grism observations of comets, and applied a Haser comet model to extract production rates of OH, CS, NH, CN, C-3, C-2, and dust. The water production rates retrieved from two visits on this date were 6.7 +/- 0.7 and 7.9 +/- 0.7 x 10(28) molecules s(-1), respectively. Jets were sought (but not found) in the white-light and "OH" images reported here, suggesting that the jets reported by Knight & Schleicher are unique to CN. Based on the abundances of its carbon-bearing species, comet Lulin is "typical" (i.e., not "depleted") in its composition. C1 [Bodewits, D.; Villanueva, G. L.; Mumma, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Villanueva, G. L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Landsman, W. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carter, J. A.; Read, A. M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Bodewits, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Mailstop 690-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dennis@astro.umd.edu RI mumma, michael/I-2764-2013; OI Bodewits, Dennis/0000-0002-2668-7248 FU US Government [NAG W-2166]; NASA FX We thank the Swift team for use of Director's Discretionary Time to observe comet Lulin and for the careful and successful planning of these observations. The authors thank J. Morgenthaler for helpful discussions on grism spectroscopy and T. Farnham for valuable suggestions on the comet tail dynamics. We are grateful for the unpublished gas production rates provided by D. Schleicher and B. P. Bonev. The Digitized Sky Survey was produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under US Government grant NAG W-2166. SOLSTICE is operated from the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado in Boulder. We are grateful for the cometary ephemerides of D. K. Yeomans published at the JPL/Horizons Web site. A NASA postdoctoral fellowship to D. B. and grants from NASA's Astrobiology Institute and Planetary Astronomy Program to M. J. M. supported this work. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/12 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100012 ER PT J AU Dodson-Robinson, SE Beichman, CA Carpenter, JM Bryden, G AF Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E. Beichman, C. A. Carpenter, John M. Bryden, Geoffrey TI A SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH STUDY OF DEBRIS DISKS AROUND PLANET-HOST STARS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; Kuiper Belt: general; planetary systems; planets and satellites: formation ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; SHORT-PERIOD PLANETS; SUN-LIKE STARS; N2K CONSORTIUM; GIANT PLANET; HOT JUPITER; CORALIE SURVEY; MIPS SURVEY; F-DWARF; SEARCH AB Since giant planets scatter planetesimals within a few tidal radii of their orbits, the locations of existing planetesimal belts indicate regions where giant planet formation failed in bygone protostellar disks. Infrared observations of circumstellar dust produced by colliding planetesimals are therefore powerful probes of the formation histories of known planets. Here we present new Spitzer infrared spectrograph (IRS) spectrophotometry of 111 solar-type stars, including 105 planet hosts. Our observations reveal 11 debris disks, including two previously undetected debris disks orbiting HD 108874 and HD 130322. Combining the 32 mu m spectrophotometry with previously published MIPS photometry, we find that the majority of debris disks around solar-type stars have temperatures in the range 60 less than or similar to T-dust less than or similar to 100 K. Assuming a dust temperature T-dust = 70 K, which is representative of the nine debris disks detected by both IRS and MIPS, debris rings surrounding Sun-like stars orbit between 15 and 240 AU depending on the mean particle size. Our observations imply that the planets detected by radial-velocity searches formed within 240 AU of their parent stars. If any of the debris disks studied here have mostly large, blackbody emitting grains, their companion giant planets must have formed in a narrow region between the ice line and 15 AU. C1 [Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Beichman, C. A.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. [Carpenter, John M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. [Bryden, Geoffrey] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dodson-Robinson, SE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1 Univ Stn C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM sdr@astro.as.utexas.edu FU NASA; UT's College of Natural Sciences; JPL/Caltech; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Support for S.D.R.'s work at NASA Exoplanet Science Institute was provided by NASA through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program. S.D.R.'s work at University of Texas was supported by the Dean's Fellowship program of UT's College of Natural Sciences. J.C. was partially supported by a contract from JPL/Caltech. S. D. R. acknowledges input on IRS data reduction from Joel Green. This research has made use of the following online resources: the SIMBAD database, VizieR catalogue access tool, and Aladin sky atlas operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; the NASA/IPAC/NExScI Star and Exoplanet Database and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia at http://exoplanet.eu. NR 73 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/11 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100011 ER PT J AU Emery, JP Burr, DM Cruikshank, DP AF Emery, J. P. Burr, D. M. Cruikshank, D. P. TI NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF TROJAN ASTEROIDS: EVIDENCE FOR TWO COMPOSITIONAL GROUPS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: planetary systems; Kuiper belt: general; minor planets, asteroids: individual (Trojan asteroids); techniques: spectroscopic ID INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; CHARGED-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; SOLAR-SYSTEM OBJECTS; LOW-ALBEDO ASTEROIDS; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; JUPITER TROJANS; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; DYNAMICAL FAMILIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AB The Trojan asteroids, a very substantial population of primitive bodies trapped in Jupiter's stable Lagrange regions, remain quite poorly understood. Because they occupy these orbits, the physical properties of Trojans provide a unique perspective on the chemical and dynamical processes that shaped the Solar System. The current study was therefore undertaken to investigate surface compositions of these objects. We present 66 new near-infrared (NIR; 0.7-2.5 mu m) spectra of 58 Trojan asteroids, including members of both the leading and trailing swarms. We also include in the analysis previously published NIR spectra of 13 Trojans (3 of which overlap with the new sample). This data set permits not only a direct search for compositional signatures, but also a search for patterns that may reveal clues to the origin of the Trojans. We do not report any confirmed absorption features in the new spectra. Analysis of the spectral slopes, however, reveals an interesting bimodality among the NIR data. The two spectral groups identified appear to be equally abundant in the leading and trailing swarms. The spectral groups are not a result of family membership; they occur in the background, non-family population. The average albedos of the two groups are the same within uncertainties (0.051 +/- 0.016 and 0.055 +/- 0.016). No correlations between spectral slope and any other physical or orbital parameter are detected, with the exception of a possible weak correlation with inclination among the less-red spectral group. The NIR spectral groups are consistent with a similar bimodality previously suggested among visible colors and spectra. Synthesizing the present results with previously published properties of Trojans, we conclude that the two spectral groups represent objects with different intrinsic compositions. We further suggest that whereas the less-red group originated near Jupiter or in the main asteroid belt, the redder spectral group originated farther out in the Solar System. If this suggestion is correct, the Trojan swarms offer the most readily accessible large reservoir of Kuiper Belt material as well as a unique reservoir for the study of material from the middle part of the solar nebula. C1 [Emery, J. P.; Burr, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Emery, J. P.; Burr, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Emery, JP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jemery2@utk.edu FU NASA [NNG05GG80G, NNX08AV93G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program [NNX-08AE38A] FX We are grateful to John Weirich for assistance with the 2003 observing run, and the IRTF telescope operators (Dave Griep, Bill Golisch, Paul Sears, and Eric Volquardsen) for their high spirits and expert help. This work was conducted by the authors as visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program. Observation planning was significantly aided by use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and by the Horizons ephemeris computation service, which was developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. This research was supported by funds from NASA's Planetary Astronomy program (grant nos. NNG05GG80G and NNX08AV93G). Thorough comments by a diligent reviewer are gratefully appreciated. NR 73 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 25 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/25 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100025 ER PT J AU Harker, DE Woodward, CE Kelley, MS Sitko, ML Wooden, DH Lynch, DK Russell, RW AF Harker, David E. Woodward, Charles E. Kelley, Michael S. Sitko, Michael L. Wooden, Diane H. Lynch, David K. Russell, Ray W. TI MID-INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS OF FRAGMENTS B AND C OF COMET 73P/SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN 3 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets: general; comets: individual (73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3); methods: data analysis ID INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; JUPITER-FAMILY COMETS; HALE-BOPP; SOLAR NEBULA; CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; DEEP IMPACT; COMPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; KUIPER-BELT AB We present mid-infrared spectra and images from the Gemini-N (+ Michelle) observations of fragments SW3-[B] and SW3-[C] of the ecliptic (Jupiter family) comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 pre-perihelion. We observed fragment B soon after an outburst event (between 2006 April 16-26 UT) and detected crystalline silicates. The mineralogy of both fragments was dominated by amorphous carbon and amorphous pyroxene. The grain size distribution (assuming a Hanner-modified power law) for fragment SW3-[B] has a peak grain radius of a(p) similar to 0.5 mu m, and for fragment SW3-[C], a(p) similar to 0.3 mu m; both values are larger than the peak grain radius of the size distribution for the dust ejected from ecliptic comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the Deep Impact event (a(p) = 0.2 mu m). The silicate-to-carbon ratio and the silicate crystalline mass fraction for the submicron to micron-sized portion of the grain size distribution on the nucleus of fragment SW3-[B] were 1.34(-0.253)(+ 0.250) and 0.335(-0.1112)(+ 0.089), respectively, while on the nucleus of fragment SW3-[C] they were 0.671(0.076)(+0.076) and 0.257(0.043)(+ 0.039), respectively. The similarity in mineralogy and grain properties between the two fragments implies that 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 is homogeneous in composition. The slight differences in grain size distribution and silicate-to-carbon ratio between the two fragments likely arise because SW3-[B] was actively fragmenting throughout its passage while the activity in SW3-[C] was primarily driven by jets. The lack of diverse mineralogy in the fragments SW3-[B] and SW3-[C] of 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 along with the relatively larger peak in the coma grain size distribution suggests that the parent body of this comet may have formed in a region of the solar nebula with different environmental properties than the natal sites where comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and 9P/Tempel 1 nuclei aggregated. C1 [Harker, David E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Woodward, Charles E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kelley, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Wooden, Diane H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lynch, David K.] Thule Sci, Topanga, CA 90290 USA. [Russell, Ray W.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Harker, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dharker@ucsd.edu; chelsea@astro.umn.edu; diane.h.wooden@nasa.gov OI Harker, David/0000-0001-6397-9082; Kelley, Michael/0000-0002-6702-7676 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0706980]; NASA [RTOP 344-32-21-04, NNX09AF10G] FX Data discussed in this paper are based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina). D.E.H. and C.E.W. acknowledge support for this work from the National Science Foundation grant AST-0706980. D.E.H., D.H.W., and C.E.W. also acknowledge partial support for this work from NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant RTOP 344-32-21-04. M.S.K. acknowledges support from NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant NNX09AF10G. The authors also thank the Gemini Observatory staff for their support in conducting these observations as well as an anonymous referee whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 84 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/26 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100026 ER PT J AU Straughn, AN Kuntschner, H Kummel, M Walsh, JR Cohen, SH Gardner, JP Windhorst, RA O'Connell, RW Pirzkal, N Meurer, G McCarthy, PJ Hathi, NP Malhotra, S Rhoads, J Balick, B Bond, HE Calzetti, D Disney, MJ Dopita, MA Frogel, JA Hall, DNB Holtzman, JA Kimble, RA Mutchler, M Paresce, F Saha, A Silk, JI Trauger, JT Walker, AR Whitmore, BC Young, ET Xu, C AF Straughn, Amber N. Kuntschner, Harald Kuemmel, Martin Walsh, Jeremy R. Cohen, Seth H. Gardner, Jonathan P. Windhorst, Rogier A. O'Connell, Robert W. Pirzkal, Norbert Meurer, Gerhardt McCarthy, Patrick J. Hathi, Nimish P. Malhotra, Sangeeta Rhoads, James Balick, Bruce Bond, Howard E. Calzetti, Daniela Disney, Michael J. Dopita, Michael A. Frogel, Jay A. Hall, Donald N. B. Holtzman, Jon A. Kimble, Randy A. Mutchler, Max Paresce, Francesco Saha, Abhijit Silk, Joseph I. Trauger, John T. Walker, Alistair R. Whitmore, Bradley C. Young, Erick T. Xu, Chun TI HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE WFC3 EARLY RELEASE SCIENCE: EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES FROM INFRARED GRISM OBSERVATIONS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies: starburst; techniques: spectroscopic ID ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; STAR-FORMATION RATES; GOODS-SOUTH FIELD; FORMING GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS; TO 7; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; MORPHOLOGIES AB We present grism spectra of emission-line galaxies (ELGs) from 0.6 to 1.6 mu m from the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope. These new infrared grism data augment previous optical Advanced Camera for Surveys G800L 0.6-0.95 mu m grism data in GOODS-South from the PEARS program, extending the wavelength coverage well past the G800L red cutoff. The Early Release Science (ERS) grism field was observed at a depth of two orbits per grism, yielding spectra of hundreds of faint objects, a subset of which is presented here. ELGs are studied via the H alpha, [O III], and [O II] emission lines detected in the redshift ranges 0.2 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.4, 1.2 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 2.2, and 2.0 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3.3, respectively, in the G102 (0.8-1.1 mu m; R similar or equal to 210) and G141 (1.1-1.6 mu m; R similar or equal to 130) grisms. The higher spectral resolution afforded by the WFC3 grisms also reveals emission lines not detectable with the G800L grism (e. g., [S II] and [S III] lines). From these relatively shallow observations, line luminosities, star formation rates, and grism spectroscopic redshifts are determined for a total of 48 ELGs to m(AB(F098M)) similar or equal to 25 mag. Seventeen GOODS-South galaxies that previously only had photometric redshifts now have new grism-spectroscopic redshifts, in some cases with large corrections to the photometric redshifts (Delta z similar or equal to 0.3-0.5). Additionally, one galaxy had no previously measured redshift but now has a secure grism-spectroscopic redshift, for a total of 18 new GOODS-South spectroscopic redshifts. The faintest source in our sample has a magnitude m(AB(F098M)) = 26.9 mag. The ERS grism data also reflect the expected trend of lower specific star formation rates for the highest mass galaxies in the sample as a function of redshift, consistent with downsizing and discovered previously from large surveys. These results demonstrate the remarkable efficiency and capability of the WFC3 NIR grisms for measuring galaxy properties to faint magnitudes and redshifts to z greater than or similar to 2. C1 [Straughn, Amber N.; Gardner, Jonathan P.; Kimble, Randy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kuntschner, Harald; Kuemmel, Martin; Walsh, Jeremy R.] Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Cohen, Seth H.; Windhorst, Rogier A.; Malhotra, Sangeeta; Rhoads, James] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [O'Connell, Robert W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Pirzkal, Norbert; Bond, Howard E.; Mutchler, Max; Whitmore, Bradley C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Meurer, Gerhardt] Univ Western Australia, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [McCarthy, Patrick J.] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Hathi, Nimish P.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Balick, Bruce] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Calzetti, Daniela] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Disney, Michael J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. [Dopita, Michael A.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Frogel, Jay A.] Assoc Univ Res Astron, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Hall, Donald N. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Holtzman, Jon A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Paresce, Francesco] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Saha, Abhijit] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Silk, Joseph I.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Trauger, John T.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Walker, Alistair R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Young, Erick T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Xu, Chun] Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, Shanghai 200083, Peoples R China. RP Straughn, AN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amber.n.straughn@nasa.gov RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014; Hathi, Nimish/J-7092-2014; OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986; Hathi, Nimish/0000-0001-6145-5090; Kuntschner, Harald/0000-0002-2768-1198; silk, joe/0000-0002-1566-8148 FU NASA FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA (A.N.S.). This paper is based on Early Release Science observations made by the WFC3 Scientific Oversight Committee. We thank the anonymous referee for suggestions which improved the paper. We are grateful to the Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute for awarding Director's Discretionary time for this program. Finally, we are deeply indebted to the brave astronauts of STS-125 for rejuvenating HST. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 14 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/14 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100014 ER PT J AU Teplitz, HI Chary, R Elbaz, D Dickinson, M Bridge, C Colbert, J Le Floc'h, E Frayer, DT Howell, JH Koo, DC Papovich, C Phillips, A Scarlata, C Siana, B Spinrad, H Stern, D AF Teplitz, Harry I. Chary, Ranga Elbaz, David Dickinson, Mark Bridge, Carrie Colbert, James Le Floc'h, Emeric Frayer, David T. Howell, Justin H. Koo, David C. Papovich, Casey Phillips, Andrew Scarlata, Claudia Siana, Brian Spinrad, Hyron Stern, Daniel TI SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROMETER 16 mu m OBSERVATIONS OF THE GOODS FIELDS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; infrared: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCE COUNTS; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; X-RAY SOURCES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SPECTROGRAPH IRS; SOURCE CATALOGS AB We present Spitzer 16 mu m imaging of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields. We survey 150 arcmin(2) in each of the two GOODS fields (North and South), to an average 3 sigma depth of 40 and 65 mu Jy, respectively. We detect similar to 1300 sources in both fields combined. We validate the photometry using the 3-24 mu m spectral energy distribution of stars in the fields compared to Spitzer spectroscopic templates. Comparison with ISOCAM and AKARI observations in the same fields shows reasonable agreement, though the uncertainties are large. We provide a catalog of photometry, with sources cross-correlated with available Spitzer, Chandra, and Hubble Space Telescope data. Galaxy number counts show good agreement with previous results from ISOCAM and AKARI with improved uncertainties. We examine the 16-24 mu m flux ratio and find that for most sources it lies within the expected locus for starbursts and infrared luminous galaxies. A color cut of S-16/S-24 > 1.4 selects mostly sources which lie at 1.1 < z < 1.6, where the 24 mu m passband contains both the redshifted 9.7 mu m silicate absorption and the minimum between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission peaks. We measure the integrated galaxy light of 16 mu m sources and find a lower limit on the galaxy contribution to the extragalactic background light at this wavelength to be 2.2 +/- 0.2 nW m(-2) sr(-1). C1 [Teplitz, Harry I.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chary, Ranga] CALTECH, US Planck Data Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Elbaz, David; Le Floc'h, Emeric] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dickinson, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bridge, Carrie; Howell, Justin H.; Siana, Brian] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Colbert, James; Scarlata, Claudia] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frayer, David T.] NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Koo, David C.; Phillips, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Papovich, Casey] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Spinrad, Hyron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Teplitz, HI (reprint author), CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hit@ipac.caltech.edu FU NASA [1407] FX This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under NASA contract 1407. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 97 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100001 ER PT B AU Potter, S Buckley, D O'Donoghue, D O'Connor, J Fourie, P Evans, G Sass, C Crause, L Butters, O Norton, A Mukai, K Stil, M AF Potter, Stephen Buckley, David O'Donoghue, Darragh O'Connor, James Fourie, Piet Evans, Geoff Sass, Craig Crause, Lisa Butters, Olly Norton, Andrew Mukai, Koji Stil, Martin BE Bastien, P Manset, N Clemens, DP StLouis, N TI First Science Results from the High Speed SAAO Photo-polarimeter SO ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY 2008: SCIENCE FROM SMALL TO LARGE TELESCOPES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Polarimetry 2008 - Science from Small to Large Telescopes CY JUL 06-11, 2008 CL La Malbaie, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Univ Montreal, Fac Arts & Sci, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec AB We report on the completion of a new 2 channel, HIgh speed Photo-POlarimeter (HIPPO) to be used on the 1.9 m optical telescope of the South African Astronomical Observatory. The instrument makes use of rapidly counter-rotating (10 Hz), super-achromatic half and quarter wave-plates, a fixed Clan-Thompson beamsplitter and two photo-multiplier tubes that record the modulated 0 and E beams. Each modulated beam permits an independent measurement of the polarization and therefore the capability of simultaneous 2 filter observations. All Stokes parameters are recorded every 0.1 s and photometry every 1 ms. Post-binning of data is possible in order to improve the signal. This is ideal for measuring, e.g., the rapid variability of the optical polarization from magnetic Cataclysmic Variable stars (mCVs). We will present our first science results made in February 2008. Specifically the discovery of short quasi-periodic similar to 3-5 minutes) variations in the circular polarized emissions from the recently discovered mCV candidate ICRJ14536-5522. C1 [Potter, Stephen; Buckley, David; O'Donoghue, Darragh; O'Connor, James; Fourie, Piet; Evans, Geoff; Sass, Craig; Crause, Lisa] S African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Butters, Olly; Norton, Andrew] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Mukai, Koji] NASA GSFC, CRESST, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Stil, Martin] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Potter, S (reprint author), S African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. EM sbp@saao.ac.za NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-780-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 449 BP 27 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBY34 UT WOS:000308674100005 ER PT B AU Hinderks, JR Ade, P Bock, J Bowden, M Brown, ML Cahil, G Carlstrom, JE Castro, PG Church, S Culverhouse, T Friedman, R Ganga, K Gear, WK Gupta, S Harris, J Haynes, V Kovac, J Lange, AE Leitch, E Mallie, OE Melhuish, S Memari, Y Murphy, A Orlando, A Schwarz, R O'Sullivan, C Piccirillo, L Pryke, C Rajguru, N Rusholme, B Taylor, AN Thompson, KL Tucker, C Turner, AH Wu, EYS Zemcov, M AF Hinderks, J. R. Ade, P. Bock, J. Bowden, M. Brown, M. L. Cahil, G. Carlstrom, J. E. Castro, P. G. Church, S. Culverhouse, T. Friedman, R. Ganga, K. Gear, W. K. Gupta, S. Harris, J. Haynes, V. Kovac, J. Lange, A. E. Leitch, E. Mallie, O. E. Melhuish, S. Memari, Y. Murphy, A. Orlando, A. Schwarz, R. O'Sullivan, C. Piccirillo, L. Pryke, C. Rajguru, N. Rusholme, B. Taylor, A. N. Thompson, K. L. Tucker, C. Turner, A. H. Wu, E. Y. S. Zemcov, M. BE Bastien, P Manset, N Clemens, DP StLouis, N TI Polarization Calibration of the QUaD Experiment SO ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY 2008: SCIENCE FROM SMALL TO LARGE TELESCOPES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Polarimetry 2008 - Science from Small to Large Telescopes CY JUL 06-11, 2008 CL La Malbaie, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Univ Montreal, Fac Arts & Sci, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec ID POWER SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE AB We describe the polarization calibration of the QUaD experiment, including determination of the polarization efficiency of the detectors and their orientation angles. QUaD is a millimeter-wavelength polarimeter that observed the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from a site at the South Pole. The experiment comprises a 2.64 m Cassegrain telescope equipped with a cryogenically cooled receiver containing an array of 62 polarization-sensitive bolometers. The focal plane contains pixels at two different frequency bands, 100 GHz and 150 GHz, with angular resolutions of 5' and 3.'5, respectively. The high angular resolution allows observation of CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies over a wide range of scales. The instrument commenced operation in early 2005 and collected science data during three successive Austral winter seasons of observation. C1 [Hinderks, J. R.; Bowden, M.; Church, S.; Rusholme, B.; Thompson, K. L.; Wu, E. Y. S.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hinderks, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ade, P.; Gear, W. K.; Gupta, S.; Harris, J.; Haynes, V.; Mallie, O. E.; Melhuish, S.; Orlando, A.; Piccirillo, L.; Tucker, C.; Turner, A. H.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. [Bock, J.; Kovac, J.; Leitch, E.; Rusholme, B.; Zemcov, M.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bock, J.; Kovac, J.; Lange, A. E.; Leitch, E.; Orlando, A.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brown, M. L.; Memari, Y.; Taylor, A. N.] Univ Edinburgh, Astron Inst, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Brown, M. L.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Cahil, G.; Murphy, A.; O'Sullivan, C.] Natl Univ Ireland, Expt Phys, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Culverhouse, T.; Friedman, R.; Schwarz, R.; Pryke, C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Castro, P. G.] Univ Tecnica Lisboa, CENTRA, Inst Super Tecn, Dept Fis, Lisbon 1049001, Portugal. [Ganga, K.] CNRS, Lab APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Haynes, V.; Melhuish, S.; Piccirillo, L.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Rajguru, N.] Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Hinderks, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM james.r.hinderks@nasa.gov RI Melhuish, Simon/B-1299-2016 OI Melhuish, Simon/0000-0001-8725-4991 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-780-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 449 BP 63 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBY34 UT WOS:000308674100010 ER PT B AU Shinnaga, H Dowell, CD Vaillancourt, J Phillips, TG Attard, M Hildebrand, R Houde, M Kirby, L Krejny, M Leeuw, L Li, HB Novak, G Davidson, J AF Shinnaga, Hiroko Dowell, C. Darren Vaillancourt, John Phillips, Thomas G. Attard, Michael Hildebrand, Roger Houde, Martin Kirby, Larry Krejny, Megan Leeuw, Lerothodi Li, Huabai Novak, Giles Davidson, Jackie BE Bastien, P Manset, N Clemens, DP StLouis, N TI Magnetic Fields in An Isolated Rotating Massive Dense Clump SO ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY 2008: SCIENCE FROM SMALL TO LARGE TELESCOPES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Polarimetry 2008 - Science from Small to Large Telescopes CY JUL 06-11, 2008 CL La Malbaie, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Univ Montreal, Fac Arts & Sci, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec ID IRAS 20126+4104; JET AB We measured polarized dust emission at 350 mu m towards an isolated rotating massive dense clump using the SHARC II Polarimeter, SHARP, with the 10.4 meter Leighton telescope at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The rotating (2 km s(-1)pc(-1)) massive (200 M-circle dot) dense clump hosts the early B-type (proto)star, IRAS 20126+4104, at the center of the clump. We present the magnetic field structures in the massive dense clump measured at submillimeter wavelengths and discuss the relations with the physical properties of the clump including rotation, infall, and outflow. C1 [Shinnaga, Hiroko] CALTECH, Submillimeter Observ, 111 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Dowell, C. Darren; Vaillancourt, John; Phillips, Thomas G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dowell, C. Darren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Attard, Michael; Houde, Martin] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Hildebrand, Roger; Kirby, Larry] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Krejny, Megan; Novak, Giles] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leeuw, Lerothodi] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Li, Huabai] Hardvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Davidson, Jackie] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Shinnaga, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Submillimeter Observ, 111 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM shinnaga@submm.caltech.edu; johnv@submm.caltech.edu; mattard@uwo.ca; houde@astro.uwo.ca; megan@lennon.astro.northwestern.edu; g-novak@northwestern.edu FU NSF [AST-0540882, AST 02-41356, AST 05-05230, AST 05-05124]; NSERC Discovery Grant; Canada Research Chair; Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, and Western's Academic Development Fund program FX This research has been supported by NSF grant AST-0540882 to the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. MA and MH are supported by the NSERC Discovery Grant, Canada Research Chair, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, and Westerns Academic Development Fund program. SHARP has been supported by NSF grants AST 02-41356, AST 05-05230, and AST 05-05124. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-780-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 449 BP 111 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBY34 UT WOS:000308674100020 ER PT J AU Bouwman, J Mattioda, AL Linnartz, H Allamandola, LJ AF Bouwman, J. Mattioda, A. L. Linnartz, H. Allamandola, L. J. TI Photochemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cosmic water ice I. Mid-IR spectroscopy and photoproducts SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; molecular processes; methods: laboratory; techniques: spectroscopic; infrared: ISM; ISM: abundances ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MIDINFRARED LABORATORY SPECTRA; ORGANIC REFRACTORY MATERIAL; INFRARED-EMISSION BANDS; H2O INTERSTELLAR ICE; ABSORPTION FEATURES; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; EMBEDDED PROTOSTARS; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA AB Context. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be abundantly present in photon-dominated regions (PDRs), as evidenced by their ubiquitous mid-IR emission bands. Towards dense clouds, however, their IR emission bands are strongly suppressed. It is here where molecules are known to reside on very cold grains (T <= 30 K) in the form of interstellar ices. Therefore, it is likely that non-volatile species, such as PAHs, also freeze out on grains. Such icy grains act as catalytic sites and, upon vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation, chemical reactions are initiated. In the study presented here, these reactions and the resulting photoproducts are investigated for PAH containing water ices. Aims. The aim of this work is to monitor vacuum ultraviolet induced chemical reactions of PAHs in cosmic ice through their IR signatures, to characterize the families of species formed in these reactions, and to apply the results to astronomical observations. Methods. Mid-infrared Fourier transform absorption spectroscopic measurements ranging from 6500 to 450 cm(-1) are performed on freshly deposited and vacuum ultraviolet processed PAH containing cosmic H2O ices at low temperatures. Results. The mid-IR spectroscopy of anthracene, pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene containing H2O ice is reported. Band strengths of the neutral PAH modes in H2O ice are derived. Additionally, spectra of vacuum ultraviolet processed PAH containing H2O ices are presented. These spectra are compared to spectra measured in VUV processed PAH: argon matrix isolation studies. It is concluded that the parent PAH species is ionized in H2O ice and that other photoproducts, mainly more complex PAH derivatives, also form. The importance of PAHs and their PAH:H2O photoproducts in astronomical mid-infrared spectroscopic studies, in particular in the 5-8 mu m region, is discussed. As a test-case, the VUV photolyzed PAH:H2O laboratory spectra are compared to a high resolution ISO-SWS spectrum of the high-mass embedded protostar W33A and to a Spitzer spectrum of the low-mass Young Stellar Object (YSO) RNO 91. For these objects, an upper limit of 2-3% with respect to H2O ice is derived for the contribution of PAHs and PAH: H2O photoproducts to the absorbance in the 5-8 mu m region towards these objects. C1 [Bouwman, J.; Linnartz, H.] Leiden Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Lab Astrophys, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Mattioda, A. L.; Allamandola, L. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bouwman, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Lab Astrophys, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM bouwman@strw.leidenuniv.nl FU NASA; "Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence" (SETI) institute; European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 238258] FX The authors thank J. V. Keane (ISO-SWS, W33A) and A. C. A. Boogert (Spitzer, RNO 91) for placing the observational spectra at our disposal. This work is financially supported by NASA's Laboratory Astrophysics and Astrobiology Programs, "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM), and "the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy" (NOVA). J. Bouwman gratefully acknowledges the "Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence" (SETI) institute for financial support. The research leading to these results has received funding from the [European Community's] Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement no [238258]. NR 70 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 27 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A93 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015059 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700076 ER PT J AU Farinelli, R Titarchuk, L AF Farinelli, R. Titarchuk, L. TI On the stability of the thermal Comptonization index in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries in their different spectral states SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries; accretion, accretion disks; radiative transfer ID OSCILLATION FREQUENCY CORRELATION; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; BEPPOSAX OBSERVATIONS; ACCRETION DISKS; SCORPIUS X-1; MONTE-CARLO; CYGNUS X-2; EMISSION AB Context. Most of the spectra of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS LMXBs), whether they are persistent or transient, are characterized by the presence of a strong thermal Comptonization bump, which is thought to originate in the transition layer (TL) between the accretion disk and the NS surface. The observable quantities that characterize this component, which is dominating the emission below 30 keV, are the spectral index alpha and the rollover energy, both related to the electron temperature and optical depth of the plasma. Aims. Starting from observational results on a sample of NS LMXBs in different spectral states, we formulate the problem of X-ray spectral formation in the TL of these sources. We predict a stability of the thermal Comptonization spectral index in different spectral states if the energy release in the TL is much higher than the intercepted flux coming from the accretion disk. Methods. We use an equation for the energy balance and the radiative transfer diffusion equation for a slab geometry in the TL to derive a formula for the thermal Comptonization index alpha. We show that in this approximation the TL electron temperature kT(e) and optical depth tau(0) can be written as a function of the energy flux from the disk intercepted by the corona (TL) and that in the corona itself, Q(disk)/Q(cor). Because the spectral index a depends on kT(e) and tau(0), this in turn leads to a relation alpha = f (Q(disk)/Q(cor)), with alpha similar to 1 when Q(disk)/Q(cor) << 1. Results. We show that the observed spectral index a for the sample of sources here considered lies in a belt around 1 +/- 0.2 apart for the case of GX 354-0. Comparing our theoretical predictions with observations, we claim that this result, which is consistent with the condition Q(disk)/Q(cor) << 1, can give us constraints on the accretion geometry of these systems, an issue that seems difficult to be solved with only the spectral analysis method. C1 [Farinelli, R.; Titarchuk, L.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titarchuk, L.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Farinelli, R (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM farinelli@fe.infn.it FU Italian PRIN-INAF FX The authors are grateful to the referee whose suggestions greatly improved the quality of the paper with respect to the first version. This work was supported by grant from Italian PRIN-INAF 2007, "Bulk motion Comptonization models in X-ray Binaries: from phenomenology to physics", PI M. Cocchi. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A102 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014808 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700049 ER PT J AU Furst, F Kreykenbohm, I Suchy, S Barragan, L Wilms, J Rothschild, RE Pottschmidt, K AF Fuerst, F. Kreykenbohm, I. Suchy, S. Barragan, L. Wilms, J. Rothschild, R. E. Pottschmidt, K. TI 4U 1909+07: a well-hidden pearl SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; X-rays: binaries; stars: neutron ID X-RAY SOURCES; NEUTRON-STARS; TIMING-EXPLORER; SPECTRAL FORMATION; ACCRETION COLUMNS; UHURU CATALOG; PULSARS; BINARY; PERIOD; X1908+075 AB We present the first detailed spectral and timing analysis of the high mass X-ray binary (HMXB) 4U1909+07 with INTEGRAL and RXTE. 4U1909+07 is detected in the ISGRI 20-40 keV energy band with an average countrate of 2.6 cts s(-1). The pulse period of similar to 604 s is not stable, but changing erratically on timescales of years. The pulse profile is strongly energy dependent: it shows a double peaked structure at low energies, the secondary pulse decreases rapidly with increasing energy and above 20 keV only the primary pulse is visible. This evolution is consistent between PCA, HEXTE, and ISGRI. The phase averaged spectrum can be well described by the sum of a photoabsorbed power law with a cutoff at high energies and a blackbody component. To investigate the pulse profile, we performed phase resolved spectral analysis. We find that the changing spectrum can be best described with a variation of the folding energy. We rule out a correlation between the black body component and the continuum variation and discuss possible accretion geometries. C1 [Fuerst, F.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Barragan, L.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Fuerst, F.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Barragan, L.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Suchy, S.; Rothschild, R. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Furst, F (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. EM felix.fuerst@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/H-9659-2013 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/0000-0001-7335-1803 FU Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie through DLR [50OR0808]; European Commission [ITN215212]; ESA member states; DAAD FX We thank the anonymous referee for her/his useful comments. This work was supported by the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie through DLR grant 50OR0808 and via a DAAD fellowship. This work has been partially funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Program under contract ITN215212. F. F. thanks the colleagues at UCSD and GSFC for their hospitality. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This work is based on observations with INTEGRAL, an ESA project with instruments and science data centre funded by ESA member states (especially the PI countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain), Czech Republic and Poland, and with the participation of Russia and the USA. For this work we used the ISIS software package provided by MIT. We especially like to thank J. C. Houck and J. E. Davis for their restless work to improve ISIS and S-Lang. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A73 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015636 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700140 ER PT J AU Gillon, M Bonfils, X Demory, BO Seager, S Deming, D Triaud, AHMJ AF Gillon, M. Bonfils, X. Demory, B. -O. Seager, S. Deming, D. Triaud, A. H. M. J. TI An educated search for transiting habitable planets: (Research Note) Targetting M dwarfs with known transiting planets SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; binaries: eclipsing; planetary systems; stars: individual: GJ 1214; techniques: photometric ID LIGHT-CURVE; RADIUS; STAR; PARAMETERS; PHOTOMETRY; EMISSION; WASP-4B; MISSION AB Because the planets of a system form in a flattened disk, they are expected to share similar orbital inclinations at the end of their formation. The high-precision photometric monitoring of stars known to host a transiting planet could thus reveal the transits of one or more other planets. We investigate here the potential of this approach for the M dwarf GJ 1214 that hosts a transiting super-Earth. For this system, we infer the transit probabilities as a function of orbital periods. Using Monte-Carlo simulations we address both the cases for fully coplanar and for non-coplanar orbits, with three different choices of inclinations distribution for the non-coplanar case. GJ 1214 reveals to be a very promising target for the considered approach. Because of its small size, a ground-based photometric monitoring of this star could detect the transit of a habitable planet as small as the Earth, while a space-based monitoring could detect any transiting habitable planet down to the size of Mars. The mass measurement of such a small planet would be out of reach for current facilities, but we emphasize that a planet mass would not be needed to confirm the planetary nature of the transiting object. Furthermore, the radius measurement combined with theoretical arguments would help us to constrain the structure of the planet. C1 [Gillon, M.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Gillon, M.; Bonfils, X.; Demory, B. -O.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Bonfils, X.] Univ Grenoble 1, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Lab Astrophys Grenoble LAOG, UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Demory, B. -O.; Seager, S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Deming, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gillon, M (reprint author), Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Allee 6 Aout 17,Bat B5C, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. EM michael.gillon@ulg.ac.be FU Belgian Science Policy Office; Swiss Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique FX M. Gillon is a FNRS Research Associate, and acknowledges support from the Belgian Science Policy Office in the form of a Return Grant. A.H.M.J. Triaud researches are funded by the Swiss Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique. The authors thank Justin Crepp for having spotted an error in an equation in the first version of this manuscript. The anonymous referee is acknowledged for his valuable report. Last but not least, we sincerely thank NASA for believing in the idea proposed here and for having accepted our Spitzer GO-7 program of 485 h of continuous observation of GJ 1214. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A32 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014239 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700027 ER PT J AU Hekker, S Elsworth, Y De Ridder, J Mosser, B Garcia, RA Kallinger, T Mathur, S Huber, D Buzasi, DL Preston, HL Hale, SJ Ballot, J Chaplin, WJ Regulo, C Bedding, TR Stello, D Borucki, WJ Koch, DG Jenkins, J Allen, C Gilliland, RL Kjeldsen, H Christensen-Dalsgaard, J AF Hekker, S. Elsworth, Y. De Ridder, J. Mosser, B. Garcia, R. A. Kallinger, T. Mathur, S. Huber, D. Buzasi, D. L. Preston, H. L. Hale, S. J. Ballot, J. Chaplin, W. J. Regulo, C. Bedding, T. R. Stello, D. Borucki, W. J. Koch, D. G. Jenkins, J. Allen, C. Gilliland, R. L. Kjeldsen, H. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. TI Solar-like oscillations in red giants observed with Kepler: comparison of global oscillation parameters from different methods SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE asteroseismology; stars: late-type; methods: observational; techniques: photometric ID 1ST 4 MONTHS; COROT; STARS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PHOTOMETRY AB Context. The large number of stars for which uninterrupted high-precision photometric timeseries data are being collected with Kepler and CoRoT initiated the development of automated methods to analyse the stochastically excited oscillations in main-sequence, subgiant and red-giant stars. Aims. We investigate the differences in results for global oscillation parameters of G and K red-giant stars due to different methods and definitions. We also investigate uncertainties originating from the stochastic nature of the oscillations. Methods. For this investigation we use Kepler data obtained during the first four months of operation. These data have been analysed by different groups using already published methods and the results are compared. We also performed simulations to investigate the uncertainty on the resulting parameters due to different realizations of the stochastic signal. Results. We obtain results for the frequency of maximum oscillation power (nu(max)) and the mean large separation () from different methods for over one thousand red-giant stars. The results for these parameters agree within a few percent and seem therefore robust to the different analysis methods and definitions used here. The uncertainties for nu(max) and due to differences in realization noise are not negligible and should be taken into account when using these results for stellar modelling. C1 [Hekker, S.; Elsworth, Y.; Hale, S. J.; Chaplin, W. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [De Ridder, J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Mosser, B.] Univ Paris 07, Observ Paris, Univ Paris 06, LESIA,UMR8109, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Garcia, R. A.] Univ Paris 07, IRFU SAp, Ctr Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA,DSM CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kallinger, T.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Kallinger, T.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Mathur, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Huber, D.; Bedding, T. R.; Stello, D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Buzasi, D. L.; Preston, H. L.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Preston, H. L.] Univ S Africa, Dept Math Sci, ZA-0003 Unisa, South Africa. [Ballot, J.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Regulo, C.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Regulo, C.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Jenkins, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Allen, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gilliland, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kjeldsen, H.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Hekker, S (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM saskia@bison.ph.bham.ac.uk RI Ballot, Jerome/G-1019-2010; Hale, Steven/E-3472-2015; Jenkins, James/I-5284-2016; OI Hale, Steven/0000-0002-6402-8382; Kallinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3627-2561; Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); European Research Council under the European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 227224]; Research Council of K.U.Leuven [GOA/2008/04]; US National Science Foundation; Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA) FX Funding for the Kepler Mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Kepler Science Team and all those who have contributed to making the Kepler Mission possible. S.H., Y.E., S.J.H. and W.J.C. acknowledge financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no227224 (PROSPERITY), as well as from the Research Council of K.U.Leuven grant agreement GOA/2008/04. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. D.H. acknowledges support by the Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA). NR 29 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A131 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015185 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700081 ER PT J AU Licandro, J Campins, H Kelley, M Hargrove, K Pinilla-Alonso, N Cruikshank, D Rivkin, AS Emery, J AF Licandro, J. Campins, H. Kelley, M. Hargrove, K. Pinilla-Alonso, N. Cruikshank, D. Rivkin, A. S. Emery, J. TI (65) Cybele: detection of small silicate grains, water-ice, and organics SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: general; minor planets, asteroids: individual: (65) Cybele; comets: general; methods: observational; techniques: spectroscopic ID TROJAN ASTEROIDS; RADIOMETRIC DIAMETERS; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; THERMAL-MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; BELT; SPECTROGRAPH; CONSTRAINTS; PALLAS AB Context. (65) Cybele is the most representative member of a population of primitive asteroids in the outer edge of the main belt, the Cybele asteroids. Recent dynamical models suggest that a significant fraction of them originated in the primordial transneptunian disk, so the study of the physical properties of these asteroids is potentially a useful test of these models. Aims. Our aim is to obtain information on the surface composition of this asteroid. In particular we want to obtain information on the composition and properties of the regolith and the possible presence of ices and organic materials. Methods. We present 2-4 mu m and 5-14 mu m spectroscopy of (65) Cybele obtained with the NASA IRTF telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope respectively. We compare the results with spectra of Trojan asteroids and asteroid (24) Themis. We analyze the 2-4 mu m spectrum using scattering models and we apply thermal models to the 5-14 mu m data. Results. The 2-4 mu m spectrum of (65) Cybele presents an absorption band centered at similar to 3.1 mu m and more weaker bands in the 3.2-3.6 mu m region, very similar to those observed in (24) Themis. No hydrated silicates are detected. From the spectrum in the 5-14 mu m region an effective diameter D = 290 +/- 5 km, a beaming paramete eta = 0.967 +/- 0.014, and a geometric visible albedo pV = 0.05 +/- 0.01 are derived using the NEATM thermal model. The emisivity spectrum in the 5-14 mu m range exhibits an emission plateau at about 9 to 12 mu m with an spectral contrast of similar to 5%. This emission is similar to that of Trojan asteroids and active comets and may be due to small silicate grains being imbedded in a relatively transparent matrix, or to a very under-dense (fairy-castle) surface structure. The lower amplitude of the silicate emission in Cybele's spectrum with respect to that of Trojan asteroids could be attributed to larger dust particles and/or a slightly denser structure. Conclusions. The surface of (65) Cybele is covered by a fine anhydrous silicate grains mantle, with a small amount of water ice and complex organic solids. This is similar to comet surface where non-equilibrium phases coexist. The presence of water-ice and anhydrous silicates is indicative that hydration did not happened or is incomplete, suggesting that the temperatures were always sufficiently low. C1 [Licandro, J.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Licandro, J.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Campins, H.; Hargrove, K.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kelley, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Cruikshank, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rivkin, A. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Emery, J.] Univ Tennessee, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Licandro, J (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38200, Spain. EM jlicandr@iac.es RI Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016; OI Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976; Kelley, Michael/0000-0002-6702-7676 FU spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" (MICINN) [AYA2008-06202-C03-02, CSD2006-00070]; NASA Spitzer Science Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; NASA at the Ames Research Center; NASA FX We thanks Dr. Antonella Barucci for her comments on the manuscript. J. L. gratefully acknowledges support from the spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" (MICINN) project AYA2008-06202-C03-02. H. C. gratefully acknowledges support from NASA Spitzer Science Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Planetary Astronomy program. This research was partially funded by the MICINN through CSD2006-00070. N. P. acknowledges support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 48 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A34 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015339 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700102 ER PT J AU Muller, TG Durech, J Hasegawa, S Abe, M Kawakami, K Kasuga, T Kinoshita, D Kuroda, D Urakawa, S Okumura, S Sarugaku, Y Miyasaka, S Takagi, Y Weissman, PR Choi, YJ Larson, S Yanagisawa, K Nagayama, S AF Mueller, T. G. Durech, J. Hasegawa, S. Abe, M. Kawakami, K. Kasuga, T. Kinoshita, D. Kuroda, D. Urakawa, S. Okumura, S. Sarugaku, Y. Miyasaka, S. Takagi, Y. Weissman, P. R. Choi, Y-J Larson, S. Yanagisawa, K. Nagayama, S. TI Thermo-physical properties of 162173 (1999 JU3), a potential flyby and rendezvous target for interplanetary missions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: individual: 162173 (1999 JU3); radiation mechanisms: thermal; techniques: photometric; infrared: planetary systems ID INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; ASTEROIDS; STANDARDS; HAYABUSA; ITOKAWA; SHAPE AB Context. Near-Earth asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3) is a potential flyby and rendezvous target for interplanetary missions because of its easy-to-reach orbit. The physical and thermal properties of the asteroid are relevant for establishing the scientific mission goals and also important in the context of near-Earth object studies in general. Aims. Our goal was to derive key physical parameters such as shape, spin-vector, size, geometric albedo, and surface properties of 162173 (1999 JU3). Methods. With three sets of published thermal observations (ground-based N-band, Akari IRC, Spitzer IRS), we applied a thermophysical model to derive the radiometric properties of the asteroid. The calculations were performed for the full range of possible shape and spin-vector solutions derived from the available sample of visual lightcurve observations. Results. The near-Earth asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3) has an effective diameter of 0.87 +/- 0.03 km and a geometric albedo of 0.070 +/- 0.006. The chi(2)-test reveals a strong preference for a retrograde sense of rotation with a spin-axis orientation of lambda(ecl) = 73 degrees, beta(ecl) = -62 degrees and P-sid = 7.63 +/- 0.01 h. The most likely thermal inertia ranges between 200 and 600 Jm(-2) s(-0.5) K-1, about a factor of 2 lower than the value for 25143 Itokawa. This indicates that the surface lies somewhere between a thick-dust regolith and a rock/boulder/cm-sized, gravel-dominated surface like that of 25143 Itokawa. Our analysis represents the first time that shape and spin-vector information has been derived from a combined data set of visual lightcurves (reflected light) and mid-infrared photometry and spectroscopy (thermal emission). C1 [Mueller, T. G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Durech, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Astron Inst, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Hasegawa, S.; Abe, M.; Kawakami, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kasuga, T.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Kinoshita, D.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan. [Kuroda, D.; Yanagisawa, K.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Okayama Astrophys Observ, Okayama 7190232, Japan. [Urakawa, S.; Okumura, S.] Japan Spaceguard Assoc, Bisei Spaceguard Ctr, Okayama 7141411, Japan. [Sarugaku, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Kiso Observ, Nagano 3970101, Japan. [Miyasaka, S.] Tokyo Metropolitan Govt, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1638001, Japan. [Takagi, Y.] Aichi Toho Univ, Aichi 4688515, Japan. [Weissman, P. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Choi, Y-J] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Larson, S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nagayama, S.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Muller, TG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM tmueller@mpe.mpg.de RI Durech, Josef/C-5634-2017 OI Durech, Josef/0000-0003-4914-3646 FU Czech Science Foundation (GACR) [P209/10/0537]; Ministry of education [MSM0021620860]; Space Plasma Laboratory, ISAS, JAXA; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture; JSPS; NASA FX J. D. received grants from the Czech Science Foundation (GACR P209/10/0537) and the Research Program MSM0021620860 of the Ministry of education. S. H. was supported by the Space Plasma Laboratory, ISAS, JAXA. We are also grateful to Professor N. Kawai and the gamma-ray bursts project members for furnishing their optical camera at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory. Development of the optical CCD camera at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research. T.K. thanks to the JSPS Research Fellowships for Research Abroad for their financial support. This work was supported in part by the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program and performed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We thank the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona for its allocation of telescope time. We also thank the referee Dr. J. Emery for very helpful comments. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A145 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015599 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700137 ER PT J AU O'Dwyer, B Del Zanna, G Mason, HE Sterling, AC Tripathi, D Young, PR AF O'Dwyer, B. Del Zanna, G. Mason, H. E. Sterling, A. C. Tripathi, D. Young, P. R. TI Hinode extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrometer observations of a limb active region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: atmosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; X-RAY TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINES; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; ATOMIC DATABASE; CORONAL LOOPS; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; DENSITY STRUCTURE; IRON PROJECT; HOT PLASMA AB Aims. We investigate the electron density and temperature structure of a limb active region. Methods. We have carried out a study of an active region close to the solar limb using observations from the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and the X-ray telescope (XRT) on board Hinode. The electron density and temperature distributions of the coronal emission have been determined using emission line intensity ratios. Differential emission measure (DEM) analysis and the emission measure (EM) loci technique were used to examine the thermal structure of the emitting plasma as a function of distance from the limb. Results. The highest temperature and electron density values are found to be located in the core of the active region, with a peak electron number density value of 1.9 x 10(10) cm(-3) measured using the Fe XII 186.887 angstrom to 192.394 angstrom line intensity ratio. The plasma along the line of sight in the active region was found to be multi-thermal at different distances from the limb. The EIS and XRT DEM analyses appear to be in agreement in the temperature interval from log T = 6.5-6.7. Conclusions. Our results provide new constraints for models of coronal heating in active regions. C1 [O'Dwyer, B.; Del Zanna, G.; Mason, H. E.; Tripathi, D.] Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Sterling, A. C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Young, P. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP O'Dwyer, B (reprint author), Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM B.O-Dwyer@damtp.cam.ac.uk; G.Del-Zanna@damtp.cam.ac.uk; H.E.Mason@damtp.cam.ac.uk; alphonse.sterling@nasa.gov; D.Tripathi@damtp.cam.ac.uk RI Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012 OI Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254 FU Gates Cambridge Trust; NASA FX B.O.D., G.D.Z., H.E.M. and D.T. acknowledge STFC. B.O.D. was supported by funding from the Gates Cambridge Trust. A.C.S. was supported by funding from NASA's SR&T and LWS programs. We would like to thank Mark Weber and the rest of XRT team for their advice on creating XRT DEM curves. We would also like to thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments which have improved the quality of this manuscript. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA, ESA, and NSC (Norway). NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A137 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912701 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700006 ER PT J AU Palmeri, P Quinet, P Mendoza, C Bautista, MA Garcia, J Witthoeft, MC Kallman, TR AF Palmeri, P. Quinet, P. Mendoza, C. Bautista, M. A. Garcia, J. Witthoeft, M. C. Kallman, T. R. TI Atomic decay data for modeling the Al K lines SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line: formation; X-rays: general ID RAY-ABSORPTION-LINES; LI-LIKE IONS; VACANCY STATES; AUGER DECAY; SHELL PHOTOABSORPTION; RELATIVISTIC AUGER; FINE-STRUCTURE; FE-XVII; PHOTOIONIZATION; CHANDRA AB Radiative and Auger decay data have been calculated for modeling the K lines of the aluminum isonuclear sequence, from Al-0 up to Al11+. Level energies, transition wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and radiative and Auger widths were determined using Cowan's Hartree-Fock with relativistic corrections (HFR) method. Results are compared with data sets computed with the AUTOSTRUCTURE and GRASP atomic structure codes and with available experimental and theoretical values, mainly in highly ionized ions and in the solid state. C1 [Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.] Univ Mons, Astrophys & Spectroscopie ASPECT, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Quinet, P.] Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Mendoza, C.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Bautista, M. A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Garcia, J.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, IACS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Garcia, J.; Witthoeft, M. C.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Palmeri, P (reprint author), Univ Mons, Astrophys & Spectroscopie ASPECT, 20 Pl Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. EM patrick.palmeri@umons.ac.be; pascal.quinet@umons.ac.be; claudio@ivic.gob.ve; manuel.bautista@wmich.edu; javier@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; michael.c.witthoeft@nasa.gov; timothy.r.kallman@nasa.gov FU NASA FX This work was funded in part by the NASA Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis Program. P. P. and P. Q. are respectively Research Associate and Senior Research Associate of the Belgian FRS-FNRS. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A59 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014779 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700047 ER PT J AU Peters, WM Lazio, TJW Clarke, TE Erickson, WC Kassim, NE AF Peters, W. M. Lazio, T. J. W. Clarke, T. E. Erickson, W. C. Kassim, N. E. TI Radio recombination lines at decametre wavelengths Prospects for the future SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE line: identification; instrumentation: interferometers; ISM: lines and bands; radio lines: ISM ID EXCITED-CARBON; CASSIOPEIA; MHZ; FREQUENCIES; EMISSION AB This paper considers the suitability of a number of emerging and future instruments for the study of radio recombination lines (RRLs) at frequencies below 200 MHz. These lines are of interest because they arise only in low-density regions of the ionized interstellar medium and because they may represent a frequency-dependent foreground for next-generation experiments trying to detect Hi signals from the Universe's Epoch of Reionization and Dark Ages (so-called "21-cm cosmology" observations). We summarize existing decametre-wavelength observations of RRLs, which have detected only carbon RRLs. We then show that, with reference to an interferometric array, the primary instrumental factor limiting detection and study of the RRLs is the areal filling factor of the array. We consider the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA-1), the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), the low-frequency component of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA-lo), and a future Lunar Radio Array (LRA), all of which are likely to operate at decametre wavelengths. Key advantages that many of these arrays offer include digital signal processing, which should produce more stable and better defined spectral bandpasses; larger frequency tuning ranges; and better angular resolution than that of the previous generation of instruments that have been used in the past for RRL observations. Detecting Galactic carbon RRLs, with optical depths at the level of 10(-3), appears feasible for all of these arrays, with integration times ranging from a few hours to as much as 100 h; at optimal frequencies this would permit a Galactic survey. The SKA-lo and LRA, and the LWA-1 and LOFAR at the lowest frequencies, should have a high enough filling factor to detect lines with much lower optical depths, of order 10(-4) in a few hundred hours. The amount of RRL-hosting gas present in the Galaxy at the high Galactic latitudes likely to be targeted in Epoch of Reionization and Dark Ages Hi studies is currently unknown. If present, however, the spectral fluctuations from RRLs could be comparable to or exceed the anticipated HI signals. C1 [Peters, W. M.; Lazio, T. J. W.; Clarke, T. E.; Kassim, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lazio, T. J. W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Erickson, W. C.] Univ Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. RP Peters, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Wendy.Peters@nrl.navy.mil; Joseph.Lazio@jpl.nasa.gov; Tracy.Clarke@nrl.navy.mil; Namir.Kassim@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA Lunar Science Institute [NNA09DB30A]; 6.1 Base funding FX The authors thank E. Polisensky for providing sky temperatures, A. Cohen for help with calculating the station filling factor for the LWA-1, G. Smirnov for information about previous instruments, and the referee for suggestions that helped us clarify and quantify certain points. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The LUNAR consortium is funded by the NASA Lunar Science Institute (via Cooperative Agreement NNA09DB30A) to investigate concepts for astrophysical observatories on the Moon. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by 6.1 Base funding. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A128 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014707 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700041 ER PT J AU Rollig, M Kramer, C Rajbahak, C Minamidani, T Sun, K Simon, R Ossenkopf, V Cubick, M Hitschfeld, M Aravena, M Bensch, F Bertoldi, F Bronfman, L Fujishita, M Fukui, Y Graf, UU Honingh, N Ito, S Jakob, H Jacobs, K Klein, U Koo, BC May, J Miller, M Miyamoto, Y Mizuno, N Onishi, T Park, YS Pineda, J Rabanus, D Sasago, H Schieder, R Stutzki, J Yamamoto, H Yonekura, Y AF Roellig, M. Kramer, C. Rajbahak, C. Minamidani, T. Sun, K. Simon, R. Ossenkopf, V. Cubick, M. Hitschfeld, M. Aravena, M. Bensch, F. Bertoldi, F. Bronfman, L. Fujishita, M. Fukui, Y. Graf, U. U. Honingh, N. Ito, S. Jakob, H. Jacobs, K. Klein, U. Koo, B. -C. May, J. Miller, M. Miyamoto, Y. Mizuno, N. Onishi, T. Park, Y. -S. Pineda, J. Rabanus, D. Sasago, H. Schieder, R. Stutzki, J. Yamamoto, H. Yonekura, Y. TI Photon dominated regions in NGC 3603 [CI] and mid-J CO line emission SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; ISM: structure; ISM: molecules; submillimeter: ISM ID NEAREST STARBURST CLUSTER; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; MOLECULAR-SPECTROSCOPY; COLOGNE DATABASE; ATOMIC CARBON; YOUNG CLUSTER; HII-REGIONS; II LINE AB Aims. We aim at deriving the excitation conditions of the interstellar gas as well as the local FUV intensities in the molecular cloud surrounding NGC 3603 to get a coherent picture of how the gas is energized by the central stars. Methods. The NANTEN2-4 m submillimeter antenna is used to map the [CI] 1-0, 2-1 and CO 4-3, 7-6 lines in a 2' x 2' region around the young OB cluster NGC 3603 YC. These data are combined with (CO)-O-18 2-1 data, HIRES-processed IRAS 60 mu m and 100 mu m maps of the FIR continuum, and Spitzer/IRAC maps. Results. The NANTEN2 observations show the presence of two molecular clumps located south-east and south-west of the cluster and confirm the overall structure already found by previous CS and (CO)-O-18 observations. We find a slight position offset of the peak intensity of CO and [CI], and the atomic carbon appears to be further extended compared to the molecular material. We used the HIRES far-infrared dust data to derive a map of the FUV field heating the dust. We constrain the FUV field to values of chi = 3-6 x 10(3) in units of the Draine field across the clouds. Approximately 0.2 to 0.3% of the total FUV energy is re-emitted in the [CII] 158 mu m cooling line observed by ISO. Applying LTE and escape probability calculations, we derive temperatures (T-MM1 = 43 K, T-MM2 = 47 K), column densities (N-MM1 = 0.9 x 10(22) cm(-2), N-MM2 = 2.5 x 10(22) cm(-2)) and densities (n(MM1) = 3 x 10(3) cm(-3), n(MM2) = 10(3) - 10(4) cm(-3)) for the two observed molecular clumps MM1 and MM2. Conclusions. The cluster is strongly interacting with the ambient molecular cloud, governing its structure and physical conditions. A stability analysis shows the existence of gravitationally collapsing gas clumps which should lead to star formation. Embedded IR sources have already been observed in the outskirts of the molecular cloud and seem to support our conclusions. C1 [Roellig, M.; Rajbahak, C.; Sun, K.; Simon, R.; Ossenkopf, V.; Cubick, M.; Hitschfeld, M.; Graf, U. U.; Honingh, N.; Jakob, H.; Miller, M.; Schieder, R.; Stutzki, J.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Kramer, C.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. [Minamidani, T.; May, J.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Ossenkopf, V.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Aravena, M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Bensch, F.; Bertoldi, F.; Klein, U.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Bronfman, L.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Fujishita, M.; Onishi, T.; Yonekura, Y.] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Fukui, Y.; Ito, S.; Miyamoto, Y.; Mizuno, N.; Sasago, H.; Yamamoto, H.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Jakob, H.] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Koo, B. -C.; Park, Y. -S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Mizuno, N.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, ALMA J Project Off, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Pineda, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rabanus, D.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Rollig, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM roellig@ph1.uni-koeln.de RI Bronfman, Leonardo/H-9544-2013; Aravena, Manuel/O-2361-2014; OI Bronfman, Leonardo/0000-0002-9574-8454; Minamidani, Tetsuhiro/0000-0001-9778-6692 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [15071203]; JSPS [14102003, 18684003, 17004]; German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [SFB494, Os 177/1-1] FX This work is financially supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (No. 15071203) and from JSPS (No. 14102003 and No. 18684003), and by the JSPS core-to-core program (No. 17004). This work is also financially supported in part by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG grants SFB494 and Os 177/1-1. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A8 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014765 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700044 ER PT J AU Theureau, G Parent, D Cognard, I Desvignes, G Smith, DA Casandjian, JM Cheung, CC Craig, HA Donato, D Foster, R Guillemot, L Harding, AK Lestrade, JF Ray, PS Romani, RW Thompson, DJ Tian, WW Watters, K AF Theureau, G. Parent, D. Cognard, I. Desvignes, G. Smith, D. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cheung, C. C. Craig, H. A. Donato, D. Foster, R. Guillemot, L. Harding, A. K. Lestrade, J. -F. Ray, P. S. Romani, R. W. Thompson, D. J. Tian, W. W. Watters, K. TI PSRs J0248+6021 and J2240+5832: young pulsars in the northern Galactic plane Discovery, timing, and gamma-ray observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual: J0248+6021; pulsars: individual: J2240+5832 ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EGRET DATA; MODEL; EMISSION; RADIATION; ROTATION; MAGNETOSPHERE AB Context. Pulsars PSR J0248+6021 (with a rotation period P = 217 ms and spin-down power (E) over dot = 2.13 x 10(35) erg s(-1)) and PSR J2240+5832 (P = 140 ms, (E) over dot = 2.12 x 10(35) erg s(-1)) were discovered in 1997 with the Nancay radio telescope during a northern Galactic plane survey, using the Navy-Berkeley Pulsar Processor (NBPP) filter bank. The GeV gamma-ray pulsations from both were discovered using the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Aims. We characterize the neutron star emission using radio and gamma-ray observations, and explore the rich environment of PSR J0248+6021. Methods. Twelve years of radio timing data, including glitches, with steadily improved instrumentation, such as the Berkeley-Orleans-Nancay pulsar backend, and a gamma-ray data set 2.6 times larger than previously published allow detailed investigations of these pulsars. Radio polarization data allow comparison with the geometry inferred from gamma-ray emission models. Results. The two pulsars resemble each other in both radio and gamma-ray data. Both are rare in having a single gamma-ray pulse offset far from the radio peak. The anomalously high dispersion measure for PSR J0248+6021 (DM = 370 pc cm(-3)) is most likely due to its being within the dense, giant HII region W5 in the Perseus arm at a distance of 2 kpc, as opposed to being beyond the edge of the Galaxy as obtained from models of average electron distributions. Its large transverse velocity and the low magnetic field along the line-of-sight favor this small distance. Neither gamma-ray, X-ray, nor optical data yield evidence of a pulsar wind nebula surrounding PSR J0248+6021. We report the discovery of gamma-ray pulsations from PSR J2240+5832. We argue that it could be in the outer arm, although slightly nearer than its DM-derived distance, but that it may be in the Perseus arm at half the distance. Conclusions. The energy flux and distance yield a gamma-ray luminosity for PSR J0248+6021 of L-gamma = (1.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(34) erg s(-1). For PSR J2240+5832, we find either L-gamma = (7.9 +/- 5.2) x 10(34) erg s(-1) if the pulsar is in the outer arm, or L-gamma = (2.2 +/- 1.7) x 10(34) erg s(-1) for the Perseus arm. These luminosities are consistent with an L-gamma proportional to root(E) over dot rule. Comparison of the gamma-ray pulse profiles with model predictions, including the constraints obtained from radio polarization data, implies outer magnetosphere emission. These two pulsars differ mainly in terms of their inclination angles and acceleration gap widths, which in turn explain the observed differences in the gamma-ray peak widths. C1 [Theureau, G.; Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.] CNRS, LPC2E, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Theureau, G.; Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Parent, D.; Cheung, C. C.; Ray, P. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Parent, D.; Smith, D. A.; Guillemot, L.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux,CENBG, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Casandjian, J. M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Donato, D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.; Harding, A. K.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Foster, R.] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Lestrade, J. -F.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Tian, W. W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Tian, W. W.] Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Theureau, G (reprint author), CNRS, LPC2E, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. EM theureau@cnrs-orleans.fr; dparent@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; smith@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX We thank Simon Johnston for useful discussions regarding the radio polarization signal. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). This research made use of the WEBDA database, operated at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Vienna. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A94 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015317 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700100 ER PT J AU Tsujimoto, M Guainazzi, M Plucinsky, PP Beardmore, AP Ishida, M Natalucci, L Posson-Brown, JLL Read, AM Saxton, RD Shaposhnikov, NV AF Tsujimoto, M. Guainazzi, M. Plucinsky, P. P. Beardmore, A. P. Ishida, M. Natalucci, L. Posson-Brown, J. L. L. Read, A. M. Saxton, R. D. Shaposhnikov, N. V. TI Cross-calibration of the X-ray instruments onboard the Chandra, INTEGRAL, RXTE, Suzaku, Swift, and XMM-Newton observatories using G21.5-0.9 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; X-rays: individuals: G21.5-0.9 ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT G21.5-0.9; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; IN-ORBIT PERFORMANCE; PSR J1833-1034; BOARD SUZAKU; SNR G21.5-0.9; PULSAR; MISSION; HALO; DISCOVERY AB Context. For many years, X-ray astronomy missions have used the Crab nebula as a celestial calibration source for the X-ray flux and spectral shape. However, the object is often too bright for current and future missions equipped with instruments with improved sensitivity. Aims. We use G21.5-0.9, a pulsar-wind nebula with a time-constant power-law spectrum and a flux of a few milli-Crab in the X-ray band, as a viable, fainter substitute to the Crab. Using this source, we conduct a cross-calibration study of the instruments onboard currently active observatories: Chandra ACIS, Suzaku XIS, Swift XRT, and XMM-Newton EPIC (MOS and pn) for the soft-band, and INTEGRAL IBIS-ISGRI, RXTE PCA, and Suzaku HXD-PIN for the hard band. Methods. We extract spectra from all instruments and fit under the same astrophysical assumptions. We compare the spectral parameters of the G21.5-0.9 model: power-law photon index, H-equivalent column density of the interstellar photoelectric absorption, and flux in the soft (2-8 keV) or hard (15-50 keV) energy band. Results. We identify systematic differences in the best-fit parameter values unattributable to statistical scatter of the data alone. We interpret these differences as due to residual cross-calibration problems. The differences can be as large as 20% and 9% for the soft-band flux and power-law index, respectively, and 46% for the hard-band flux. The results are plotted and tabulated as a useful reference for future calibration and scientific studies using multiple missions. C1 [Tsujimoto, M.; Ishida, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Guainazzi, M.; Saxton, R. D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Plucinsky, P. P.; Posson-Brown, J. L. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beardmore, A. P.; Read, A. M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Natalucci, L.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Shaposhnikov, N. V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tsujimoto, M (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshino Dai, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. EM tsujimot@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council FX We thank the members of the IACHEC for sharing their results prior to publication and Marcus G. Kirsch who took a leadership role in setting up this consortium. We acknowledge Dai Takei and Kei Saitou for their help in Suzaku data reduction. A.P.B. and A.M.R. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. NR 46 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A25 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015597 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700136 ER PT J AU Zub, M Cassan, A Heyrovsky, D Fouque, P Stempels, HC Albrow, MD Beaulieu, JP Brillant, S Christie, GW Kains, N Kozlowski, S Kubas, D Wambsganss, J Batista, V Bennett, DP Cook, K Coutures, C Dieters, S Dominik, M Prester, DD Donatowicz, J Greenhill, J Horne, K Jorgensen, UG Kane, SR Marquette, JB Martin, R Menzies, J Pollard, KR Sahu, KC Vinter, C Williams, A Gould, A Depoy, DL Gal-Yam, A Gaudi, BS Han, C Lipkin, Y Maoz, D Ofek, EO Park, BG Pogge, RW McCormick, J Udalski, A Szymanski, MK Kubiak, M Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Szewczyk, O Wyrzykowski, L AF Zub, M. Cassan, A. Heyrovsky, D. Fouque, P. Stempels, H. C. Albrow, M. D. Beaulieu, J-P Brillant, S. Christie, G. W. Kains, N. Kozlowski, S. Kubas, D. Wambsganss, J. Batista, V. Bennett, D. P. Cook, K. Coutures, C. Dieters, S. Dominik, M. Prester, D. Dominis Donatowicz, J. Greenhill, J. Horne, K. Jorgensen, U. G. Kane, S. R. Marquette, J-B Martin, R. Menzies, J. Pollard, K. R. Sahu, K. C. Vinter, C. Williams, A. Gould, A. Depoy, D. L. Gal-Yam, A. Gaudi, B. S. Han, C. Lipkin, Y. Maoz, D. Ofek, E. O. Park, B-G Pogge, R. W. McCormick, J. Udalski, A. Szymanski, M. K. Kubiak, M. Pietrzynski, G. Soszynski, I. Szewczyk, O. Wyrzykowski, L. CA PLANET Collaboration FUN Collaboration OGLE Collaboration TI Limb-darkening measurements for a cool red giant in microlensing event OGLE 2004-BLG-482 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing: micro; stars: atmospheres; techniques: high angular resolution; stars: individual: OGLE 2004-BLG-482 ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; CLUMP ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE; H-ALPHA LINE; GALACTIC BULGE; PLANET OBSERVATIONS; MACHO 98-SMC-1; STARS; PHOTOMETRY; LENS; RESOLUTION AB Aims. We present a detailed analysis of OGLE 2004-BLG-482, a relatively high-magnification single-lens microlensing event that exhibits clear extended-source effects. These events are relatively rare, but they potentially contain unique information on the stellar atmosphere properties of their source star, as shown in this study. Methods. Our dense photometric coverage of the overall light curve and a proper microlensing modelling allow us to derive measurements of the OGLE 2004-BLG-482 source star's linear limb-darkening coefficients in three bands, including standard Johnson-Cousins I and R, as well as in a broad clear filter. In particular, we discuss in detail the problems of multi-band and multi-site modelling on the expected precision of our results. We also obtained high-resolution UVES spectra as part of a ToO programme at ESO VLT, from which we derive the source star's precise fundamental parameters. Results. From the high-resolution UVES spectra, we find that OGLE 2004-BLG-482's source star is a red giant of MK type a bit later than M3, with T-eff = 3667 +/- 150 K, log g = 2.1 +/- 1.0 and an assumed solar metallicity. This is confirmed by an OGLE calibrated colour-magnitude diagram. We then obtain from a detailed microlensing modelling of the light curve linear limb-darkening coefficients that we compare to model-atmosphere predictions available in the literature, and find a very good agreement for the I and R bands. In addition, we perform a similar analysis using an alternative description of limb darkening based on a principal component analysis of ATLAS limb-darkening profiles, and also find a very good agreement between measurements and model predictions. C1 [Zub, M.; Cassan, A.; Wambsganss, J.] Heidelberg Univ, ARI, Zentrum Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Zub, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Int Max Planck Res Sch Astron & Cosm Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Zub, M.] Univ Zielona Gora, Inst Astron, PL-65265 Zielona Gora, Poland. [Cassan, A.; Beaulieu, J-P; Kubas, D.; Batista, V.; Coutures, C.; Dieters, S.; Marquette, J-B] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Heyrovsky, D.] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Theoret Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. [Fouque, P.] Univ Toulouse, LATT, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Stempels, H. C.] Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Albrow, M. D.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Brillant, S.; Kubas, D.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Christie, G. W.] Auckland Observ, Auckland, New Zealand. [Kains, N.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Kozlowski, S.; Gould, A.; Depoy, D. L.; Gaudi, B. S.; Pogge, R. W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bennett, D. P.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA. [Cook, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Prester, D. Dominis] Univ Rijeka, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia. [Donatowicz, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Comp, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Greenhill, J.] Univ Tasmania, Dept Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Jorgensen, U. G.; Vinter, C.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jorgensen, U. G.; Vinter, C.] Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kane, S. R.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Martin, R.; Williams, A.] Perth Observ, Perth, WA 6076, Australia. [Menzies, J.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Sahu, K. C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gal-Yam, A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, Astrophys Grp, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Han, C.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Basic Sci Res, Chonju 361763, South Korea. [Lipkin, Y.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lipkin, Y.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ofek, E. O.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Park, B-G] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [McCormick, J.] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Farm Cove Observ, Auckland, New Zealand. [Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M. K.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Soszynski, I.; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, L.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Pietrzynski, G.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. [Wyrzykowski, L.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Zub, M (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, ARI, Zentrum Astron, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM zub@ari.uni-heidelberg.de RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012; Kane, Stephen/B-4798-2013; Greenhill, John/C-8367-2013; Kozlowski, Szymon/G-4799-2013; Williams, Andrew/K-2931-2013; Heyrovsky, David/A-2031-2015; OI Kozlowski, Szymon/0000-0003-4084-880X; Williams, Andrew/0000-0001-9080-0105; Heyrovsky, David/0000-0002-5198-5343; Dominik, Martin/0000-0002-3202-0343 FU Polish MNiSW [N20303032/4275]; Polish Research [N N203 2738 33]; French CNRS/ANR; Czech Science Foundation [GACR 205/07/0824]; Czech Ministry of Education [MSM0021620860]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [2009-008561]; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute FX We express our gratitude to the ESO staff at Paranal for reacting at short notice to our UVES ToO request. We thank David Warren for financial support for the Mt Canopus Observatory. The OGLE project is partially supported by the Polish MNiSW grant N20303032/4275. M.Z. acknowledges a partial support of the Polish Research Grant N N203 2738 33. AC acknowledges travel support on the French CNRS/ANR grant HOLMES. D. H. was supported by Czech Science Foundation grant GACR 205/07/0824 and by the Czech Ministry of Education project MSM0021620860. This publication makes use of data products from the 2MASS and DENIS projects, as well as the SIMBAD database, Aladin and VizieR catalogue operation tools (CDS Strasbourg, France). C.H. acknowledges the support by Creative Research Initiative Program (2009-008561) of Korea Science and Engineering Foundation. B. G. P. acknowledges the support by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. We thank Subo Dong for his comments on the analysis. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A15 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912007 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700004 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Costamante, L Cutini, S Davis, DS Dermer, CD de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Fortin, P Frailis, M Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nestoras, I Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reyes, LC Ripken, J Ritz, S Romani, RW Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Acciari, VA Aliu, E Arlen, T Aune, T Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Boltuch, D Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cannon, A Cesarini, A Christiansen, JL Ciupik, L Cui, W Perez, ID Dickherber, R Errando, M Falcone, A Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hui, CM Humensky, TB Imran, A Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pichel, A Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Senturk, GD Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Tesic, G Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Villata, M Raiteri, CM Gurwell, MA Larionov, VM Kurtanidze, OM Aller, MF Lahteenmaki, A Chen, WP Berduygin, A Agudo, I Aller, HD Arkharov, AA Bach, U Bachev, R Beltrame, P Benitez, E Buemi, CS Dashti, J Calcidese, P Capezzali, D Carosati, D Da Rio, D Di Paola, A Diltz, C Dolci, M Dultzin, D Forne, E Gomez, JL Hagen-Thorn, VA Halkola, A Heidt, J Hiriart, D Hovatta, T Hsiao, HY Jorstad, SG Kimeridze, GN Konstantinova, TS Kopatskaya, EN Koptelova, E Leto, P Ligustri, R Lindfors, E Lopez, JM Marscher, AP Mommert, M Mujica, R Nikolashvili, MG Nilsson, K Palma, N Pasanen, M Roca-Sogorb, M Mommert, M Mujica, R Nikolashvili, MG Nilsson, K Palma, N Pasanen, M Roca-Sogorb, M Ros, JA Roustazadeh, P Sadun, AC Saino, J Sigua, LA Sillanaa, A Sorcia, M Takalo, LO Tornikoski, M Trigilio, C Turchetti, R Umana, G Belloni, T Blake, CH Bloom, JS Angelakis, E Fumagalli, M Hauser, M Prochaska, JX Riquelme, D Sievers, A Starr, DL Tagliaferri, G Ungerechts, H Wagner, S Zensus, JA AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. Davis, D. S. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. 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Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Christiansen, J. L. Ciupik, L. Cui, W. de la Calle Perez, I. Dickherber, R. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Senturk, G. Demet Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Tesic, G. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Villata, M. Raiteri, C. M. Gurwell, M. A. Larionov, V. M. Kurtanidze, O. M. Aller, M. F. Lahteenmaki, A. Chen, W. P. Berduygin, A. Agudo, I. Aller, H. D. Arkharov, A. A. Bach, U. Bachev, R. Beltrame, P. Benitez, E. Buemi, C. S. Dashti, J. Calcidese, P. Capezzali, D. Carosati, D. Da Rio, D. Di Paola, A. Diltz, C. Dolci, M. Dultzin, D. Forne, E. Gomez, J. L. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Halkola, A. Heidt, J. Hiriart, D. Hovatta, T. Hsiao, H. -Y. Jorstad, S. G. Kimeridze, G. N. Konstantinova, T. S. Kopatskaya, E. N. Koptelova, E. Leto, P. Ligustri, R. Lindfors, E. Lopez, J. M. Marscher, A. P. Mommert, M. Mujica, R. Nikolashvili, M. G. Nilsson, K. Palma, N. Pasanen, M. Roca-Sogorb, M. Mommert, M. Mujica, R. Nikolashvili, M. G. Nilsson, K. Palma, N. Pasanen, M. Roca-Sogorb, M. Ros, J. A. Roustazadeh, P. Sadun, A. C. Saino, J. Sigua, L. A. Sillanaa, A. Sorcia, M. Takalo, L. O. Tornikoski, M. Trigilio, C. Turchetti, R. Umana, G. Belloni, T. Blake, C. H. Bloom, J. S. Angelakis, E. Fumagalli, M. Hauser, M. Prochaska, J. X. Riquelme, D. Sievers, A. Starr, D. L. Tagliaferri, G. Ungerechts, H. Wagner, S. Zensus, J. A. CA Fermi-Lat Collaboration VERITAS Collaboration GASP-WEBT Consortium TI MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE FLARING GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR 3C 66A IN 2008 OCTOBER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (3C 66A); galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; EPOCH VLBI SURVEY; BRIGHT BLAZARS; RADIO-SOURCES; TEV BLAZARS; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; VERITAS OBSERVATIONS AB The BL Lacertae object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS in 2008 October. In addition to these gamma-ray observations, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, PAIRITEL, MDM, ATOM, Swift, and Chandra provided radio to X-ray coverage. The available light curves show variability and, in particular, correlated flares are observed in the optical and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray band. The resulting spectral energy distribution can be well fitted using standard leptonic models with and without an external radiation field for inverse Compton scattering. It is found, however, that only the model with an external radiation field can accommodate the intra-night variability observed at optical wavelengths. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. 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EM lreyes@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Fumagalli, Michele/K-9510-2015; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/H-3983-2013; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013 OI Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Fumagalli, Michele/0000-0001-6676-3842; Dolci, Mauro/0000-0001-8000-5642; Buemi, Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Umana, Grazia/0000-0002-6972-8388; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Di Paola, Andrea/0000-0002-2189-8644; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/0000-0002-6431-8590; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; FU NASA [NNX08AU13G, NNG06GH50G, GO8-9100X]; Harvard University; Academy of Finland; Georgian National Science Foundation [GNSF/ST08/4-404]; Russian RFBR foundation [09-02-00092]; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago [NSF PHY-0114422, NSF PHY-0551142]; Fermilab; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics; University of Chicago FX The VERITAS collaboration also acknowledges the excel-lent work of the technical support staff at the FLWO and the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument, as well as support from the NASA/Swift guest investigator program (grant NNX08AU13G) for the Swift observations.; PAIRITEL is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and was made possible by a grant from the Harvard University Milton Fund, a camera loan from the University of Virginia, and continued support of the SAO and UC Berkeley. The PAIRITEL project is further supported by NASA/Swift Guest Investigator grant NNG06GH50G. This research is partly based on observations with the 100 m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg and has also made use of observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland. The Abastumani Observatory team acknowledges financial support by the Georgian National Science Foundation through grant GNSF/ST08/4-404. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation via grant 09-02-00092. AZT-24 observations are made within an agreement between Pulkovo, Rome, and Teramo observatories.; L. C. Reyes acknowledges the support by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through grants NSF PHY-0114422 and NSF PHY-0551142 and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. M. Bottcher acknowledges support from NASA through Chandra Guest Investigator Grant GO8-9100X. Some of the VERITAS simulations used in this work have been performed on the joint Fermilab-KICP supercomputing cluster, supported by grants from Fermilab, the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, and the University of Chicago. NR 74 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 43 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/43 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300043 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashi, K Hays, E Hobbs, G Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Keith, M Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Ray, PS Razzano, M Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Romani, RW Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashi, K. Hays, E. Hobbs, G. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Romani, R. W. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI-LAT SEARCH FOR PULSAR WIND NEBULAE AROUND GAMMA-RAY PULSARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma rays: general; pulsars: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT G21.5-0.9; SOURCE 3EG J2227+6122; CLUSTER WESTERLUND 2; X-RAY; LIGHT CURVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PSR J1833-1034; RADIO COUNTERPART; GEMINGA PULSAR AB The high sensitivity of the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) offers the first opportunity to study faint and extended GeV sources such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). After one year of observation the LAT detected and identified three PWNe: the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and the PWN inside MSH 15-52. In the meantime, the list of LAT detected pulsars increased steadily. These pulsars are characterized by high energy loss rates ((E) over dot) from similar to 3 x 10(33) erg s(-1) to 5 x 10(38) erg s(-1) and are therefore likely to power a PWN. This paper summarizes the search for PWNe in the off-pulse windows of 54 LAT-detected pulsars using 16 months of survey observations. Ten sources show significant emission, seven of these likely being of magnetospheric origin. The detection of significant emission in the off-pulse interval offers new constraints on the gamma-ray emitting regions in pulsar magnetospheres. The three other sources with significant emission are the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and a new PWN candidate associated with the LAT pulsar PSR J1023-5746, coincident with the TeV source HESS J1023-575. We further explore the association between the HESS and the Fermi source by modeling its spectral energy distribution. Flux upper limits derived for the 44 remaining sources are used to provide new constraints on famous PWNe that have been detected at keV and/or TeV energies. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IRFU, CEA,CEA Saclay,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Rea, N.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Uehara, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giommi, P.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.; Noutsos, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hobbs, G.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kerr, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM joshualande@gmail.com; grondin@cenbg.in2p3.fr; ahardingx@yahoo.com; lemoine@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338 FU Commonwealth Government; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom FX The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations. The Green Bank Telescope is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. NR 98 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 35 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/35 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300035 ER PT J AU Cordiner, MA Cox, NLJ Evans, CJ Trundle, C Smith, KT Sarre, PJ Gordon, KD AF Cordiner, Martin A. Cox, Nick L. J. Evans, Christopher J. Trundle, Carrie Smith, Keith T. Sarre, Peter J. Gordon, Karl D. TI A SURVEY OF DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS IN THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY: OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF M31 OB STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies: individual (M31); galaxies: ISM; H II regions; ISM: lines and bands; stars: early-type ID TO-DUST RATIO; HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; CA-II; NA-I; H-I; INFRARED-EMISSION; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; FINE-STRUCTURE AB We present the largest sample to date of intermediate-resolution blue-to-red optical spectra of B-type supergiants in M31 and undertake the first survey of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in this galaxy. Spectral classifications, radial velocities, and interstellar reddenings are presented for 34 stars in three regions of M31. Based on a subset of these stars with foreground-corrected reddening E-B-V(M31) >= 0.05, the strengths of the M31 DIBs are analyzed with respect to the amount of dust, ultraviolet radiation field strength, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission flux. Radial velocities and equivalent widths are given for the lambda 5780 and lambda 6283 DIBs toward 11 stars. Equivalent widths are also presented for the following DIBs detected in three sightlines in M31: lambda lambda 4428, 5705, 5780, 5797, 6203, 6269, 6283, 6379, 6613, 6660, and 6993. All of these M31 DIB carriers reside in clouds at radial velocities matching those of interstellar Na I and/or H I. The relationships between DIB equivalent widths and reddening (E-B-V(M31)) are consistent with those observed in the local interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way (MW). Many of the observed sightlines show DIB strengths (per unit reddening) which lie at the upper end of the range of Galactic values. DIB strengths per unit reddening are found (with 68% confidence) to correlate with the interstellar UV radiation field strength. The strongest DIBs are observed where the interstellar UV flux is lowest. The mean Spitzer 8/24 mu m emission ratio in our three fields is slightly lower than that measured in the MW, but we identify no correlation between this ratio and the DIB strengths in M31. Interstellar oxygen abundances derived from the spectra of three M31 H II regions in one of the fields indicate that the average metallicity of the ISM in that region is 12 + log[O/H] = 8.54 +/- 0.18, which is approximately equal to the value in the solar neighborhood. C1 [Cordiner, Martin A.] NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Cordiner, Martin A.] NASA, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Cox, Nick L. J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Astron, Louvain, Belgium. [Evans, Christopher J.] Royal Observ Edinburgh, UK ATC, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cordiner, Martin A.; Trundle, Carrie] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Smith, Keith T.; Sarre, Peter J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Gordon, Karl D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cox, Nick L. J.] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Cordiner, Martin A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Cordiner, MA (reprint author), NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mailstop 691,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM martin.cordiner@nasa.gov FU NSF [GN-2007B-Q-116]; NASA Institute for Astrobiology; Faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); ESAC FX This paper is based on observations (GN-2007B-Q-116) obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership. For financial support, M. A. C. acknowledges the NASA Institute for Astrobiology, N.L.J.C. acknowledges the Faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), and K. T. S. acknowledges the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). M. A. C. and K. T. S. thank ESAC for visitor funding. We thank Dr. Fabio Bresolin for discussions regarding the H II region spectra and metallicities, Professor Paul Crowther for his classification of 3945.82, and Dr. Ian Hunter for his spectral synthesis calculations. We gratefully acknowledge Professor Elias Brinks and Dr. Robert Braun for providing their M31 21 cm data. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database (operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France), and SAOImage DS9 (developed by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory). NR 100 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 39 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/39 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300039 ER PT J AU Engell, AJ Siarkowski, M Gryciuk, M Sylwester, J Sylwester, B Golub, L Korreck, K Cirtain, J AF Engell, Alexander J. Siarkowski, Marek Gryciuk, Magda Sylwester, Janusz Sylwester, Barbara Golub, Leon Korreck, Kelly Cirtain, Jonathan TI FLARES AND THEIR UNDERLYING MAGNETIC COMPLEXITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: photosphere; Sun: X-rays; gamma rays ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; REGION TRANSIENT BRIGHTENINGS; SOLAR-A MISSION; EMERGING FLUX; TEMPERATURE DIAGRAM; ACTIVE REGIONS; HINODE MISSION; CORONA; LOOPS; MORPHOLOGY AB SphinX (Solar PHotometer IN X-rays), a full-disk-integrated spectrometer, observed 137 flare-like/transient events with active region (AR) 11024 being the only AR on disk. The Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Solar Optical Telescope observe 67 of these events and identified their location from 12: 00 UT on July 3 through 24: 00 UT 2009 July 7. We find that the predominant mechanisms for flares observed by XRT are (1) flux cancellation and (2) the shearing of underlying magnetic elements. Point-and cusp-like flare morphologies seen by XRT all occur in a magnetic environment where one polarity is impeded by the opposite polarity and vice versa, forcing the flux cancellation process. The shearing is either caused by flux emergence at the center of the AR and separation of polarities along a neutral line or by individual magnetic elements having a rotational motion. Both mechanisms are observed to contribute to single-and multiple-loop flares. We observe that most loop flares occur along a large portion of a polarity inversion line. Point-and cusp-like flares become more infrequent as the AR becomes organized with separation of the positive and negative polarities. SphinX, which allows us to identify when these flares occur, provides us with a statistically significant temperature and emission scaling law for A and B class flares: EM = 6.1 x 10(33) T-1.9 +/- 0.1. C1 [Engell, Alexander J.; Golub, Leon; Korreck, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Siarkowski, Marek; Gryciuk, Magda; Sylwester, Janusz; Sylwester, Barbara] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Cirtain, Jonathan] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Engell, AJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aengell@cfa.harvard.edu OI Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 FU NASA [NNM07AA02C]; Polish Ministry of Education and Science [N203 381736]; European Commission [218816] FX We sincerely thank the referee for comments and suggestions that have strengthened the paper. We also thank Gemma Attrill, Paolo Grigis, Greg Slater, Ted Tarbell, Paola Testa, and Aad van Ballegooijen for useful discussions. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and the NSC (Norway). A. E., L. G., and K. K. are supported in part by NASA grant NNM07AA02C to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. M. S., M. G., B. S., and J.S. acknowledge the support from the Polish Ministry of Education and Science Grant No. N203 381736. The research leading to these results received partial funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement No. 218816 (SOTERIA project, http://soteria-space.eu). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/12 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300012 ER PT J AU Helled, R Anderson, JD Podolak, M Schubert, G AF Helled, Ravit Anderson, John D. Podolak, Morris Schubert, Gerald TI INTERIOR MODELS OF URANUS AND NEPTUNE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: individual (Uranus, Neptune); planets and satellites: interiors ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DENSE MATTER; JUPITER; EQUATION; SATURN; STATE; TEMPERATURE; ROTATION; HOT AB "Empirical" models (pressure versus density) of Uranus and Neptune interiors constrained by the gravitational coefficients J(2), J(4), the planetary radii and masses, and Voyager solid-body rotation periods are presented. The empirical pressure-density profiles are then interpreted in terms of physical equations of state of hydrogen, helium, ice (H(2)O), and rock (SiO(2)) to test the physical plausibility of the models. The compositions of Uranus and Neptune are found to be similar with somewhat different distributions of the high-Z material. The big difference between the two planets is that Neptune requires a non-solar envelope, while Uranus is best matched with a solar composition envelope. Our analysis suggests that the heavier elements in both Uranus' and Neptune's interior might increase gradually toward the planetary centers. Indeed it is possible to fit the gravitational moments without sharp compositional transitions. C1 [Helled, Ravit; Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Helled, Ravit; Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Anderson, John D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Podolak, Morris] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Helled, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rhelled@ucla.edu; jdandy@earthlink.net; morris@tau.ac.il; schubert@ucla.edu FU NASA through the Southwest Research Institute; ISF [388/07]; NASA [NNX 09AB57G] FX R.H. and J.D.A acknowledge support from NASA through the Southwest Research Institute. M. P. acknowledges support from ISF 388/07. G. S. acknowledges support from the NASA Planetary Atmospheres grant NNX 09AB57G. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/15 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300015 ER PT J AU Koenig, XP Allen, LE AF Koenig, Xavier P. Allen, Lori E. TI DISK EVOLUTION IN W5: INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS AT 2-5 Myr SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence; techniques: spectroscopic ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; FORMING REGIONS; YOUNG CLUSTERS; NEARBY STAR; ACCRETION; MMT AB We present the results of a survey of young intermediate-mass stars (age < 5 Myr, 1.5M(circle dot) < M-star <= 15M(circle dot)) in the W5 massive star-forming region. We use combined optical, near-infrared, and Spitzer Space Telescope photometry and optical spectroscopy to define a sample of stars of spectral types A and B and examine their infrared excess properties. We find objects with infrared excesses characteristic of optically thick disks, i.e., Herbig AeBe stars. These stars are rare: <1.5% of the entire spectroscopic sample of A and B stars, and absent among stars more massive than 2.4M(circle dot). 7.5% of the A and B stars possess infrared excesses in a variety of morphologies that suggest their disks are in some transitional phase between an initial, optically thick accretion state and later evolutionary states. We identify four morphological classes based on the wavelength dependence of the observed excess emission above theoretical photospheric levels: (1) the optically thick disks; (2) disks with an optically thin excess over the wavelength range 2-24 mu m, similar to that shown by Classical Be stars; (3) disks that are optically thin in their inner regions based on their infrared excess at 2-8 mu m and optically thick in their outer regions based on the magnitude of the observed excess emission at 24 mu m; (4) disks that exhibit empty inner regions (no excess emission at lambda <= 8 mu m) and some measurable excess emission at 24 mu m. A sub-class of disks exhibit no significant excess emission at lambda <= 5.8 mu m, have excess emission only in the Spitzer 8 mu m band and no detection at 24 mu m. We discuss these spectral energy distribution types, and suggest physical models for disks exhibiting these emission patterns and additional observations to test these theories. C1 [Koenig, Xavier P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, Lori E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Koenig, XP (reprint author), NASA GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170 FU NASA; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank Steve Strom and Sidney Wolff, Joan Najita, James Muzerolle, Lee Hartmann and Nuria Calvet, Uma Gorti and Dave Hollenbach for extensive and useful discussions on disks and young stars. This work is based (in part) on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 18 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/18 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300018 ER PT J AU Mainzer, A Cushing, MC Skrutskie, M Gelino, CR Kirkpatrick, JD Jarrett, T Masci, F Marley, MS Saumon, D Wright, E Beaton, R Dietrich, M Eisenhardt, P Garnavich, P Kuhn, O Leisawitz, D Marsh, K McLean, I Padgett, D Rueff, K AF Mainzer, A. Cushing, Michael C. Skrutskie, M. Gelino, C. R. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Jarrett, T. Masci, F. Marley, Mark S. Saumon, D. Wright, E. Beaton, R. Dietrich, M. Eisenhardt, P. Garnavich, P. Kuhn, O. Leisawitz, D. Marsh, K. McLean, I. Padgett, D. Rueff, K. TI THE FIRST ULTRA-COOL BROWN DWARF DISCOVERED BY THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; infrared: stars; solar neighborhood; stars: late-type; stars: low-mass ID SUBSTELLAR MASS FUNCTION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; T-DWARFS; TELESCOPE-FACILITY; MU-M; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BINARY-SYSTEM; SURVEY 2MASS; PHOTOMETRY; SPECTRA AB We report the discovery of the first new ultra-cool brown dwarf (BDs) found with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The object's preliminary designation is WISEPC J045853.90+643451.9. Follow-up spectroscopy with the LUCIFER instrument on the Large Binocular Telescope indicates that it is a very late-type T dwarf with a spectral type approximately equal to T9. Fits to an IRTF/SpeX 0.8-2.5 mu m spectrum to the model atmospheres of Marley and Saumon indicate an effective temperature of approximately 600 K as well as the presence of vertical mixing in its atmosphere. The new BD is easily detected by WISE, with a signal-to-noise ratio of similar to 36 at 4.6 mu m. Current estimates place it at a distance of 6-10 pc. This object represents the first in what will likely be hundreds of nearby BDs found by WISE that will be suitable for follow-up observations, including those with the James Webb Space Telescope. One of the two primary scientific goals of the WISE mission is to find the coolest, closest stars to our Sun; the discovery of this new BD proves that WISE is capable of fulfilling this objective. C1 [Mainzer, A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Eisenhardt, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Skrutskie, M.; Beaton, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Gelino, C. R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Jarrett, T.; Masci, F.; Marsh, K.; Padgett, D.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Saumon, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wright, E.; McLean, I.] UCLA Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dietrich, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Garnavich, P.; Rueff, K.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kuhn, O.] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Leisawitz, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mainzer, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM amainzer@jpl.nasa.gov RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943; Beaton, Rachael/0000-0002-1691-8217 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government [NAG W-2166]; National Geographic Society; Sloan Foundation; Samuel Oschin Foundation; Eastman Kodak Corporation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) FX This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We are deeply grateful for the outstanding contributions of all the members of the WISE team. We thank Roger Griffith for assistance with Figure 2 and Beth Fabinsky for assistance with early searches. Support for the modeling work of D. S. was provided by NASA through the Spitzer Science Center. M. C. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). 2MASS is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Our research has been benefited from the M, L, and T dwarf compendium housed at DwarfArchives.org whose server was funded by a NASA Small Research Grant, administered by the American Astronomical Society. We are also indebted to the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. The Digitized Sky Surveys were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAG W-2166. The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-II) was made by the California Institute of Technology with funds from the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Sloan Foundation, the Samuel Oschin Foundation, and the Eastman Kodak Corporation. The Oschin Schmidt Telescope is operated by the California Institute of Technology and Palomar Observatory. We thank Richard Green and the LBT staff for making the LUCIFER observations possible. The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy, and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are the University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona University System; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University, and The Research Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota and University of Virginia. The LUCIFER Project is funded by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). It is a collaboration of five German institutes: Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Max Planck Institut fur Astronomie (Heidelberg), Max Planck Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (Garching), Fachhochschule fur Technik und Gestaltung (Mannheim), and Astronomisches Institut der Universitat Bochum. NR 58 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 30 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/30 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300030 ER PT J AU Parravano, A McKee, CF Hollenbach, DJ AF Parravano, Antonio McKee, Christopher F. Hollenbach, David J. TI AN INITIAL MASS FUNCTION FOR INDIVIDUAL STARS IN GALACTIC DISKS. I. CONSTRAINING THE SHAPE OF THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE evolution; stars: formation; stars: luminosity function, mass function ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STELLAR CLUSTERS; YOUNG CLUSTERS; TURBULENT FRAGMENTATION; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; SUBSTELLAR OBJECTS AB We derive a semi-empirical galactic initial mass function (IMF) from observational constraints. We assume that the IMF, psi(m), is a smooth function of the stellar mass m. The mass dependence of the proposed IMF is determined by five parameters: the low-mass slope gamma, the high-mass slope -Gamma (taken to be -1.35), the characteristic mass m(ch) (similar to the peak mass of the IMF), and the lower and upper limits on the mass, m(l) and m(u) (taken to be 0.004 and 120 M-circle dot, respectively): psi(m)d ln m alpha m(-Gamma) {1 - exp[-(m/m(ch))(gamma+Gamma)]}d ln m. The values of gamma and m(ch) are derived from two integral constraints: (1) the ratio of the number density of stars in the range m = 0.1-0.6M(circle dot) to that in the range m = 0.6-0.8 M-circle dot as inferred from the mass distribution of field stars in the local neighborhood and (2) the ratio of the number of stars in the range m = 0.08-1 M-circle dot to the number of brown dwarfs in the range m = 0.03-0.08 M-circle dot in young clusters. The IMF satisfying the above constraints is characterized by the parameters gamma = 0.51 and m(ch) = 0.35 M-circle dot (which corresponds to a peak mass of 0.27 M-circle dot). This IMF agrees quite well with the Chabrier IMF for the entire mass range over which we have compared with data, but predicts significantly more stars with masses <0.03 M-circle dot; we also compare with other IMFs in current use and give a number of important parameters implied by the IMFs. C1 [Parravano, Antonio] Univ Los Andes, Ctr Fis Fundamental, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. [McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hollenbach, David J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hollenbach, David J.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Parravano, A (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Ctr Fis Fundamental, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. NR 107 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 27 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/27 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300027 ER PT J AU Selwa, M Ofman, L Solanki, SK AF Selwa, M. Ofman, L. Solanki, S. K. TI THE ROLE OF ACTIVE REGION LOOP GEOMETRY. I. HOW CAN IT AFFECT CORONAL SEISMOLOGY? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: oscillations ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS; VERTICAL OSCILLATIONS; MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; TRANSITION-REGION; MODE OSCILLATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRACE; SUMER; HOT AB We present numerical results of coronal loop oscillation excitation using a three-dimensional (3D) MHD model of an idealized active region (AR) field. The AR is initialized as a potential dipole magnetic configuration with gravitationally stratified density and contains a loop with a higher density than its surroundings. We study different ways of excitation of vertical kink oscillations of this loop by velocity: as an initial condition, and as an impulsive excitation with a pulse of a given position, duration, and amplitude. We vary the geometry of the loop in the 3D MHD model and find that it affects both the period of oscillations and the synthetic observations (difference images) that we get from oscillations. Due to the overestimated effective length of the loop in the case of loops which have maximum separation between their legs above the footpoints (> 50% of observed loops), the magnetic field obtained from coronal seismology can also be overestimated. The 3D MHD model shows how the accuracy of magnetic field strength determined from coronal seismology can be improved. We study the damping mechanism of the oscillations and find that vertical kink waves in 3D stratified geometry are damped mainly due to wave leakage in the horizontal direction. C1 [Selwa, M.; Ofman, L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Selwa, M.; Ofman, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Solanki, S. K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Solanki, S. K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Selwa, M (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM mselwa@mcs.st-and.ac.uk; leon.ofman@nasa.gov; solanki@mps.mpg.de RI Solanki, Sami/E-2487-2013 OI Solanki, Sami/0000-0002-3418-8449 FU NASA [NNG06GI55G, NNX09AG10G]; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10016] FX M.S. expresses her sincere thanks to Dr. Tongjiang Wang for encouragement and help in working with observational data and to Dr. Marilena Mierla for help in IDL visualization. M.S.'s and L.O.'s work was financially supported by the NASA SEC Theory program and NASA grants NNG06GI55G and NNX09AG10G. S.K.S.'s work has been partially supported by the WCU grant No. R31-10016 funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The 3D MHD computations were performed at NASA's Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) center. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 42 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/42 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300042 ER PT J AU Woods, PM Kaspi, VM Gavriil, FP Airhart, C AF Woods, Peter M. Kaspi, Victoria M. Gavriil, Fotis P. Airhart, Carol TI THE 2006 OUTBURST OF THE MAGNETAR CXOU J164710.2-455216 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: individual (CXOU J164710.2-455216); stars: individual (CXOU J164710.2-455216); stars: magnetars; stars: neutron ID X-RAY PULSAR; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; SGR 1806-20; 1RXS J170849.0-400910; NEUTRON-STARS; GIANT FLARE; 1E 2259+586; SPIN-DOWN; EMISSION; DISCOVERY AB We report on data obtained with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, and Swift X-ray observatories, following the 2006 outburst of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar CXOU J164710.2-455216. Using a more complete and higher signal-to-noise data set, we find no evidence for the very large glitch and rapid exponential decay as was reported previously for this source. We set a 3 sigma upper limit on any fractional frequency increase at the time of the outburst of Delta nu/nu < 1.5 x 10(-5). Our timing analysis, based on the longest time baseline yet, yields a spin-down rate for the pulsar that implies a surface dipolar magnetic field of similar to 9 x 10(13) G, although this could be biased high by possible recovery from an undetected glitch. We also present an analysis of the source flux and spectral evolution, and find no evidence for long-term spectral relaxation post-outburst as was previously reported. C1 [Woods, Peter M.; Airhart, Carol] Dynetics Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Woods, Peter M.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Woods, Peter M.] Corvid Technol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Kaspi, Victoria M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Kaspi, Victoria M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gavriil, Fotis P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gavriil, Fotis P.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Woods, PM (reprint author), Dynetics Inc, 1000 Explorer Blvd, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM peter.woods@corvidtec.com RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 FU NASA [GO7-8077A]; Moore Scholarship; NSERC; CIFAR; FQRNT; Canada Research Chairs Program; Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology FX The authors wish to thank the referee for useful comments and the CXC help desk for guidance on the Chandra spectral analysis. P. M. W. is grateful for support from NASA through SAO grant GO7-8077A. V. M. K. thanks the California Institute of Technology for hospitality and acknowledges support from a Moore Scholarship, NSERC via a Discovery Grant, CIFAR, FQRNT, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and the Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 37 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/37 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300037 ER PT J AU Adame, L Calvet, N Luhman, KL D'Alessio, P Furlan, E McClure, MK Hartmann, L Forrest, WJ Watson, DM AF Adame, Lucia Calvet, Nuria Luhman, K. L. D'Alessio, Paola Furlan, Elise McClure, M. K. Hartmann, Lee Forrest, William J. Watson, Dan M. TI SPITZER SPECTROSCOPY OF THE CIRCUMPRIMARY DISK IN THE BINARY BROWN DWARF 2MASS J04414489+2301513 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; brown dwarfs; circumstellar matter; stars: individual (2MASS J04414489+2301513) ID LOW-MASS STARS; SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM FLUX; T-TAURI STARS; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; PLANET FORMATION; YOUNG BINARIES; GRAIN-GROWTH AB Using the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph, we have performed mid-infrared spectroscopy on the young binary brown dwarf 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (15 AU) in the Taurus star-forming region. The spectrum exhibits excess continuum emission that likely arises from a circumstellar disk around the primary. Silicate emission is not detected in these data, indicating the presence of significant grain growth. This is one of the few brown dwarf disks at such a young age (similar to 1 Myr) that has been found to lack silicate emission. To quantitatively constrain the properties of the disk, we have compared the spectral energy distribution of 2MASS J04414489+2301513 to the predictions of our vertical structure codes for irradiated accretion disks. Our models suggest that the remaining atmospheric grains of moderately depleted layers may have grown to a size of greater than or similar to 5 mu m. In addition, our model fits indicate an outer radius of 0.2-0.3 AU for the disk. The small size of this circumprimary disk could be due to truncation by the secondary. The absence of an outer disk containing a reservoir of small, primordial grains, combined with a weak turbulent mechanism, may be responsible for the advanced grain growth in this disk. C1 [Adame, Lucia; Calvet, Nuria; McClure, M. K.; Hartmann, Lee] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Adame, Lucia; Watson, Dan M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Luhman, K. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Luhman, K. L.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [D'Alessio, Paola] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Furlan, Elise] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Forrest, William J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Adame, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM adamel@umich.edu OI McClure, Melissa/0000-0003-1878-327X; Adame, Lucia/0000-0002-6328-6099; Furlan, Elise/0000-0001-9800-6248 FU PAPIIT-DGAPA UNAM [IN112009]; NASA [NNX08AH94G]; National Science Foundation [AST-0544588]; CONACyT [36571-E]; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium FX We thank the anonymous referee for his/her valuable comments. We acknowledge support from grant IN112009 from PAPIIT-DGAPA UNAM (P.D. and L.A.), grant NNX08AH94G from NASA (N.C. and L.A.), and grant AST-0544588 from the National Science Foundation (K.L.). Part of the numerical calculations were performed on the cluster at CRyA-UNAM, acquired through CONACyT grant 36571-E to Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR L3 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/726/1/L3 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694KN UT WOS:000285296600003 ER PT J AU Harding, AK Muslimov, AG AF Harding, Alice K. Muslimov, Alex G. TI PULSAR PAIR CASCADES IN A DISTORTED MAGNETIC DIPOLE FIELD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; stars: neutron ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; X-RAY-EMISSION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; POLAR CAPS; PRODUCTION MULTIPLICITIES; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RADIO-EMISSION; LIGHT CURVES; WHITE-DWARFS; SLOT GAPS AB We investigate the effect of a distorted neutron star dipole magnetic field on pulsar pair cascade multiplicity and pair death lines. Using a simple model for a distorted dipole field that produces an offset polar cap (PC), we derive the accelerating electric field above the PC in space-charge-limited flow. We find that even a modest azimuthally asymmetric distortion can significantly increase the accelerating electric field on one side of the PC and, combined with a smaller field line radius of curvature, leads to larger pair multiplicity. The death line for producing pairs by curvature radiation moves downward in the P-P. diagram, allowing high pair multiplicities in a larger percentage of the radio pulsar population. These results could have important implications for the radio pulsar population, high energy pulsed emission, and the pulsar contribution to cosmic ray positrons. C1 [Harding, Alice K.; Muslimov, Alex G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muslimov, Alex G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, CRESST, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Harding, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 FU NASA; Fermi Guest Investigator Program; Universities Space Research Association FX A.K.H. thanks the Aspen Center for Physics where fruitful discussions, particularly with J. Arons, A. Timokhin, O. De Jager, and A. Spitkovsky provided stimulation for this work. We also acknowledge support from the NASA Astrophysics Theory and Fundamental Physics Program, the Fermi Guest Investigator Program, and the Universities Space Research Association. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR L10 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/726/1/L10 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694KN UT WOS:000285296600010 ER PT J AU Overzier, RA Heckman, TM Wang, J Armus, L Buat, V Howell, J Meurer, G Seibert, M Siana, B Basu-Zych, A Charlot, S Goncalves, TS Martin, DC Neill, JD Rich, RM Salim, S Schiminovich, D AF Overzier, Roderik A. Heckman, Timothy M. Wang, Jing Armus, Lee Buat, Veronique Howell, Justin Meurer, Gerhardt Seibert, Mark Siana, Brian Basu-Zych, Antara Charlot, Stephane Goncalves, Thiago S. Martin, D. Christopher Neill, James D. Rich, R. Michael Salim, Samir Schiminovich, David TI DUST ATTENUATION IN UV-SELECTED STARBURSTS AT HIGH REDSHIFT AND THEIR LOCAL COUNTERPARTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COSMIC STAR FORMATION RATE DENSITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: peculiar; galaxies: starburst ID LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRAVIOLET-LUMINOUS GALAXIES; ULTRA DEEP FIELD; SIMILAR-TO 3; FORMING GALAXIES; FORMATION HISTORY; EXTINCTION; OBSCURATION; ANALOGS; COLORS AB We present a new analysis of the dust obscuration in starburst galaxies at low and high redshifts. This study is motivated by our unique sample of themost extreme UV-selected starburst galaxies in the nearby universe (z < 0.3), found to be good analogs of high-redshift Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) in most of their physical properties. We find that the dust properties of the Lyman break analogs (LBAs) are consistent with the relation derived previously by Meurer et al. (M99) that is commonly used to dust-correct star formation rate (SFR) measurements at a very wide range of redshifts. We directly compare our results with high-redshift samples (LBGs, "BzK," and submillimeter galaxies at z similar to 2-3) having IR data either from Spitzer or Herschel. The attenuation in typical LBGs at z similar to 2-3 and LBAs is very similar. Because LBAs are much better analogs to LBGs compared to previous local star-forming samples, including M99, the practice of dust-correcting the SFRs of high-redshift galaxies based on the local calibration is now placed on a much more solid ground. We illustrate the importance of this result by showing how the locally calibrated relation between UV measurements and extinction is used to estimate the integrated, dust-corrected SFR density at z similar or equal to 2-6. C1 [Overzier, Roderik A.; Wang, Jing] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Heckman, Timothy M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Armus, Lee; Howell, Justin] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Buat, Veronique] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, OAMP, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Meurer, Gerhardt] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Seibert, Mark] Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Basu-Zych, Antara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Charlot, Stephane] PMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Rich, R. Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Salim, Samir] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Schiminovich, David] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Overzier, RA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM overzier@mpa-garching.mpg.de NR 50 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR L7 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/726/1/L7 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694KN UT WOS:000285296600007 ER PT J AU Aguirre, JE Ginsburg, AG Dunham, MK Drosback, MM Bally, J Battersby, C Bradley, ET Cyganowski, C Dowell, D Evans, NJ Glenn, J Harvey, P Rosolowsky, E Stringfellow, GS Walawender, J Williams, JP AF Aguirre, James E. Ginsburg, Adam G. Dunham, Miranda K. Drosback, Meredith M. Bally, John Battersby, Cara Bradley, Eric Todd Cyganowski, Claudia Dowell, Darren Evans, Neal J., II Glenn, Jason Harvey, Paul Rosolowsky, Erik Stringfellow, Guy S. Walawender, Josh Williams, Jonathan P. TI THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY: SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND DATA REDUCTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; methods: data analysis; stars: formation; stars: massive; submillimeter: ISM; surveys ID INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; C2D LEGACY CLOUDS; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; DENSE CORES; MILKY-WAY; MU-M; SUBMILLIMETER AB We present the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS), a 1.1 mm continuum survey at 33 '' effective resolution of 170 deg(2) of the Galactic Plane visible from the northern hemisphere. The BGPS is one of the first large area, systematic surveys of the Galactic Plane in the millimeter continuum without pre-selected targets. The survey is contiguous over the range-10.5 <= l <= 90.5, vertical bar b vertical bar <= 0.5. Toward the Cygnus X spiral arm, the coverage was flared to vertical bar b vertical bar <= 1.5 for 75.5 <= l <= 87.5. In addition, cross-cuts to vertical bar b vertical bar <= 1.5 were made at l = 3, 15, 30, and 31. The total area of this section is 133 deg(2). With the exception of the increase in latitude, no pre-selection criteria were applied to the coverage in this region. In addition to the contiguous region, four targeted regions in the outer Galaxy were observed: IC1396 (9 deg(2), 97.5 <= l <= 100.5, 2.25 <= b <= 5.25), a region toward the Perseus Arm (4 deg(2) centered on l = 111, b = 0 near NGC 7538), W3/4/5 (18 deg(2), 132.5 <= l <= 138.5), and Gem OB1 (6 deg(2), 187.5 <= l <= 193.5). The survey has detected approximately 8400 clumps over the entire area to a limiting non-uniform 1s noise level in the range 11-53 mJy beam(-1) in the inner Galaxy. The BGPS source catalog is presented in a previously published companion paper. This paper details the survey observations and data reduction methods for the images. We discuss in detail the determination of astrometric and flux density calibration uncertainties and compare our results to the literature. Data processing algorithms that separate astronomical signals from time-variable atmospheric fluctuations in the data timestream are presented. These algorithms reproduce the structure of the astronomical sky over a limited range of angular scales and produce artifacts in the vicinity of bright sources. Based on simulations, we find that extended emission on scales larger than about 5'.9 is nearly completely attenuated (>90%) and the linear scale at which the attenuation reaches 50% is 3'.8. Comparison with other millimeter-wave data sets implies a possible systematic offset in flux calibration, for which no cause has been discovered. This presentation serves as a companion and guide to the public data release (http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/bolocam.html) through NASA's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) Infrared Science Archive (IRSA). New data releases will be provided through IPAC-IRSA with any future improvements in the reduction. The BGPS provides a complementary long-wavelength spectral band for the ongoing ATLASGAL and Herschel-SPIRE surveys, and an important database and context for imminent observations with SCUBA-2 and ALMA. C1 [Aguirre, James E.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ginsburg, Adam G.; Bally, John; Battersby, Cara; Glenn, Jason; Harvey, Paul; Stringfellow, Guy S.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunham, Miranda K.; Evans, Neal J., II; Harvey, Paul] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Drosback, Meredith M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bradley, Eric Todd] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Cyganowski, Claudia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dowell, Darren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91104 USA. [Rosolowsky, Erik] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Okanagan, BC, Canada. [Walawender, Josh] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Williams, Jonathan P.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Aguirre, JE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jaguirre@sas.upenn.edu OI Williams, Jonathan/0000-0001-5058-695X; Ginsburg, Adam/0000-0001-6431-9633 FU NSF [AST-0838261]; National Science Foundation NSF [AST-0708403, AST-0607793]; National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) FX We acknowledge the staff and day crew of the CSO for their assistance. The CSO is operated under NSF Cooperative Agreement AST-0838261. The BGPS project is supported by the National Science Foundation through NSF grant AST-0708403. J.A. was supported by a Jansky Fellowship from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). The first observing runs for BGPS were supported by travel funds provided by NRAO. Support for the development of Bolocam was provided by NSF grants AST-9980846 and AST-0206158. Team support was provided in part by NSF grant AST-0607793 to the University of Texas at Austin. NR 60 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 192 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/4 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700CO UT WOS:000285710500004 ER PT J AU Witthoeft, MC Garcia, J Kallman, TR Bautista, MA Mendoza, C Palmeri, P Quinet, P AF Witthoeft, M. C. Garcia, J. Kallman, T. R. Bautista, M. A. Mendoza, C. Palmeri, P. Quinet, P. TI K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION OF Na-LIKE TO Cl-LIKE IONS OF Mg, Si, S, Ar, AND Ca SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line: formation; X-rays: general ID CHANDRA GRATING SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; R-MATRIX METHOD; VACANCY STATES; ISONUCLEAR SEQUENCES; GENERAL PROGRAM; AUGER DECAY; ATOMIC DATA; FE-XVII; PHOTOABSORPTION AB We present R-matrix calculations of photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections across the K edge of Mg, Si, S, Ar, and Ca ions with more than 10 electrons. The calculations include the effects of radiative and Auger damping by means of an optical potential. The wave functions are constructed from single-electron orbital bases obtained using a Thomas-Fermi-Dirac statistical model potential. Configuration interaction is considered among all states up to n = 3. The damping processes affect the resonances converging to the K-thresholds causing them to display symmetric profiles of constant width that smear the otherwise sharp edge at the photoionization threshold. These data are important for the modeling of features found in photoionized plasmas. C1 [Witthoeft, M. C.; Garcia, J.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bautista, M. A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Mendoza, C.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RP Witthoeft, MC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA; Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS FX Support for this research was provided in part by a grant from the NASA Astronomy and Physics Research (APRA) program. P.P. and P.Q. are respectively Research Associate and Senior Research Associate of the Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS. Financial support from this organization is acknowledged. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 192 IS 1 AR 7 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/7 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700CO UT WOS:000285710500007 ER PT S AU Camero-Arranz, A Finger, MH Wilson-Hodge, CA Jenke, P Coe, MJ Steele, I Caballero, I Gutierrez-Soto, J Kretschmar, P Suso, J McBride, VA Rodriguez, J AF Camero-Arranz, A. Finger, M. H. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. Jenke, P. Coe, M. J. Steele, I. Caballero, I. Gutierrez-Soto, J. Kretschmar, P. Suso, J. McBride, V. A. Rodriguez, J. BE Gogus, E Belloni, T Ertan, U TI A 0535+26: an X-ray/Optical Tour SO ASTROPHYSICS OF NEUTRON STARS 2010: A CONFERENCE IN HONOR OF M. ALI ALPAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astrophysics of Neutron Stars in Honor of M Ali Alpar (ASTRONS) CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Cesme, TURKEY SP Sabanci Univ, European Commiss FP6 Marie Curie Act DE X-rays; Optical; Pulsars ID RAY BURST MONITOR; A-0535+26; OUTBURST; PULSARS AB We compiled X-ray and Optical observations of the accreting X-ray binary sytem A 0535+26 since its discovery in 1975, that will allow us to shed light on the unpredictible behavior of this binary system. We present the data in terms of the Be-disc interaction with the neutron star companion. In addition, we show recent results from the continous monitoring of this source by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), on board the Fermi observatory, since its launch in 2008 June 11. C1 [Camero-Arranz, A.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, TX USA. [Finger, M. H.] Univ Space Res Associat, Huntsville, TX USA. [Jenke, P.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Cent, Huntsville, TX USA. [Coe, M. J.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Kretschmar, P.] ESA ESAC, Madrid, Spain. [Finger, M. H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA. RP Camero-Arranz, A (reprint author), Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, TX USA. RI Gutierrez-Soto, Juan/H-9620-2015; Suso , Julia/F-8076-2016; OI Gutierrez-Soto, Juan/0000-0001-6736-0551; Kretschmar, Peter/0000-0001-9840-2048; Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0939-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1379 DI 10.1063/1.3629496 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BZT86 UT WOS:000302936600021 ER PT S AU Kreykenbohm, I Furst, F Kuhnel, M Muller, S Barragan, L Wilms, J Pottschmidt, K Suchy, S Rothschild, RE AF Kreykenbohm, Ingo Fuerst, F. Kuehnel, M. Mueller, S. Barragan, L. Wilms, J. Pottschmidt, K. Suchy, S. Rothschild, R. E. BE Gogus, E Belloni, T Ertan, U TI A scarcely known accreting X-ray pulsar SO ASTROPHYSICS OF NEUTRON STARS 2010: A CONFERENCE IN HONOR OF M. ALI ALPAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astrophysics of Neutron Stars in Honor of M Ali Alpar (ASTRONS) CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Cesme, TURKEY SP Sabanci Univ, European Commiss FP6 Marie Curie Act DE X-rays: stars; stars: magnetic fields; stars: pulsars: individual: 4U 1909+07 ID NEUTRON-STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CYCLOTRON LINES; VELA X-1; X1908+075; BINARY; PERIOD AB We present a spectral and temporal analysis of the accreting X-ray pulsar 4U 1909+07 observed with INTEGRAL and RXTE. Although this source is known already for many years, until recently only very little was known about it. 4U 1909+07 was only a few years ago discovered to be an accreting X-ray pulsar, although it is typically detected at a level of about 15 mCrab in INTEGRAL/ISGRI, but can reach about 300 mCrab during flaring activity. We perform one of the first detailed spectral and temporal analyzes of this source, i.e. we study the evolution of the pulse period, analyze the energy dependence of the pulse profile, model the broad band continuum, search for cyclotron resonant scattering features, and perform phase resolved spectroscopy. C1 [Kreykenbohm, Ingo; Fuerst, F.; Kuehnel, M.; Mueller, S.; Barragan, L.; Wilms, J.] Dr Karl Remeis Observ, ECAP, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Pottschmidt, K.] Univ Maryland, Cent Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Suchy, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kreykenbohm, I (reprint author), Dr Karl Remeis Observ, ECAP, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0939-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1379 DI 10.1063/1.3629495 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BZT86 UT WOS:000302936600020 ER PT J AU Arola, A Schuster, G Myhre, G Kazadzis, S Dey, S Tripathi, SN AF Arola, A. Schuster, G. Myhre, G. Kazadzis, S. Dey, S. Tripathi, S. N. TI Inferring absorbing organic carbon content from AERONET data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BROWN CARBON; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; INDUSTRIAL-CITY; NORTHERN INDIA; MASS; PARTICLES AB Black carbon, light-absorbing organic carbon (often called "brown carbon") and mineral dust are the major light-absorbing aerosols. Currently the sources and formation of brown carbon aerosol in particular are not well understood. In this study we estimated the amount of light-absorbing organic carbon and black carbon from AERONET measurements. We find that the columnar absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon) levels in biomass burning regions of South America and Africa are relatively high (about 15-20 mg m(-2) during biomass burning season), while the concentrations are significantly lower in urban areas in US and Europe. However, we estimated significant absorbing organic carbon amounts from the data of megacities of newly industrialized countries, particularly in India and China, showing also clear seasonality with peak values up to 30-35 mg m(-2) during the coldest season, likely caused by the coal and biofuel burning used for heating. We also compared our retrievals with the modeled organic carbon by the global Oslo CTM for several sites. Model values are higher in biomass burning regions than AERONET-based retrievals, while the opposite is true in urban areas in India and China. C1 [Arola, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Kazadzis, S.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens 15236, Greece. [Dey, S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Tripathi, S. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Arola, A (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. EM antti.arola@fmi.fi RI Kazadzis, Stelios/F-8667-2011; Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008 OI Kazadzis, Stelios/0000-0002-8624-8247; Arola, Antti/0000-0002-9220-0194; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X FU Department of Science and Technology, ICRP; Indian Space Research Organisation; NASA at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA; Marie Curie project [ACI-UV PERG05-GA-2009-247492] FX S. N. Tripathi acknowledges support from Department of Science and Technology, ICRP and Indian Space Research Organisation GBP programmes. S. N. Tripathi was also supported in part by appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. SK would like to acknowledge Marie Curie project ACI-UV PERG05-GA-2009-247492. NR 45 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.5194/acp-11-215-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZO UT WOS:000286180200016 ER PT J AU Jiang, JH Su, H Zhai, C Massie, ST Schoeberl, MR Colarco, PR Platnick, S Gu, Y Liou, KN AF Jiang, J. H. Su, H. Zhai, C. Massie, S. T. Schoeberl, M. R. Colarco, P. R. Platnick, S. Gu, Y. Liou, K-N. TI Influence of convection and aerosol pollution on ice cloud particle effective radius SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DEEP CONVECTION; SIZE; PARAMETERIZATION; PRODUCTS AB Satellite observations show that ice cloud effective radius (r(e)) increases with ice water content (IWC) but decreases with aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Using least-squares fitting to the observed data, we obtain an analytical formula to describe the variations of r(e) with IWC and AOT for several regions with distinct characteristics of r(e)-IWC-AOT relationships. As IWC directly relates to convective strength and AOT represents aerosol loading, our empirical formula provides a means to quantify the relative roles of dynamics and aerosols in controlling r(e) in different geographical regions, and to establish a framework for parameterization of aerosol effects on r(e) in climate models. C1 [Jiang, J. H.; Su, H.; Zhai, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Massie, S. T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Schoeberl, M. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Colarco, P. R.; Platnick, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gu, Y.; Liou, K-N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jonathan.h.jiang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 FU NASA ACMAP; IDS; NASA FX We thank the NASA ACMAP and IDS programs for support. The work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.5194/acp-11-457-2011 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300003 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Zhang, J Reid, JS Holben, B Hyer, EJ Curtis, C AF Shi, Y. Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Holben, B. Hyer, E. J. Curtis, C. TI An analysis of the collection 5 MODIS over-ocean aerosol optical depth product for its implication in aerosol assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB As an update to our previous use of the collection 4 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over-ocean aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, we examined ten years of Terra and eight years of Aqua collection 5 data for its potential usage in aerosol assimilation. Uncertainties in the over-ocean MODIS AOD were studied as functions of observing conditions, such as surface characteristics, aerosol optical properties, and cloud artifacts. Empirical corrections and quality assurance procedures were developed and compared to collection 4 data. After applying these procedures, the Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) in the MODIS Terra and Aqua AOD are reduced by 30% and 10-20%, respectively, with respect to AERONET data. Ten years of Terra and eight years of Aqua quality-assured level 3 MODIS over-ocean aerosol products were produced. The newly developed MODIS over-ocean aerosol products will be used in operational aerosol assimilation and aerosol climatology studies, as well as other research based on MODIS products. C1 [Shi, Y.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.; Curtis, C.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Holben, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Yingxi Shi is supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the coastal sites used in this investigation. We thank Lorraine Remer for her constructive suggestions. We thank William Lahoz and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.5194/acp-11-557-2011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300011 ER PT J AU Wood, R Mechoso, CR Bretherton, CS Weller, RA Huebert, B Straneo, F Albrecht, BA Coe, H Allen, G Vaughan, G Daum, P Fairall, C Chand, D Klenner, LG Garreaud, R Grados, C Covert, DS Bates, TS Krejci, R Russell, LM de Szoeke, S Brewer, A Yuter, SE Springston, SR Chaigneau, A Toniazzo, T Minnis, P Palikonda, R Abel, SJ Brown, WOJ Williams, S Fochesatto, J Brioude, J Bower, KN AF Wood, R. Mechoso, C. R. Bretherton, C. S. Weller, R. A. Huebert, B. Straneo, F. Albrecht, B. A. Coe, H. Allen, G. Vaughan, G. Daum, P. Fairall, C. Chand, D. Gallardo Klenner, L. Garreaud, R. Grados, C. Covert, D. S. Bates, T. S. Krejci, R. Russell, L. M. de Szoeke, S. Brewer, A. Yuter, S. E. Springston, S. R. Chaigneau, A. Toniazzo, T. Minnis, P. Palikonda, R. Abel, S. J. Brown, W. O. J. Williams, S. Fochesatto, J. Brioude, J. Bower, K. N. TI The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx): goals, platforms, and field operations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LIQUID WATER PATH; DIURNAL CYCLE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPEN CELLS; PART I; VARIABILITY AB The VAMOS(1) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was an international field program designed to make observations of poorly understood but critical components of the coupled climate system of the southeast Pacific. This region is characterized by strong coastal upwelling, the coolest SSTs in the tropical belt, and is home to the largest subtropical stratocumulus deck on Earth. The field intensive phase of VOCALS-REx took place during October and November 2008 and constitutes a critical part of a broader CLIVAR program (VOCALS) designed to develop and promote scientific activities leading to improved understanding, model simulations, and predictions of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system, on diurnal to interannual timescales. The other major components of VOCALS are a modeling program with a model hierarchy ranging from the local to global scales, and a suite of extended observations from regular research cruises, instrumented moorings, and satellites. The two central themes of VOCALS-REx focus upon (a) links between aerosols, clouds and precipitation and their impacts on marine stratocumulus radiative properties, and (b) physical and chemical couplings between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere, including the role that mesoscale ocean eddies play. A set of hypotheses designed to be tested with the combined field, monitoring and modeling work in VOCALS is presented here. A further goal of VOCALS-REx is to provide datasets for the evaluation and improvement of large-scale numerical models. VOCALS-REx involved five research aircraft, two ships and two surface sites in northern Chile. We describe the instrument pay-loads and key mission strategies for these platforms and give a summary of the missions conducted. C1 [Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Chand, D.; Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mechoso, C. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Weller, R. A.; Straneo, F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Huebert, B.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Albrecht, B. A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Coe, H.; Allen, G.; Vaughan, G.; Bower, K. N.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Daum, P.; Springston, S. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fairall, C.; Brewer, A.; Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gallardo Klenner, L.; Garreaud, R.] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile. [Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Krejci, R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, Stockholm, Sweden. [Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [de Szoeke, S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yuter, S. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Toniazzo, T.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Chaigneau, A.] Inst Rech Dev, Marseille, France. [Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Abel, S. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Brown, W. O. J.; Williams, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fochesatto, J.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Brioude, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palikonda, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Wood, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM robwood@atmos.washington.edu RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Abel, Steven/H-4880-2012; Allen, Grant /A-7737-2013; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Chaigneau, Alexis/E-4324-2010; Krejci, Radovan/L-3257-2013; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Vaughan, Geraint/O-2459-2015; Gallardo, Laura/H-4370-2013; Garreaud, Rene/I-6298-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 OI Garreaud, Rene/0000-0002-7875-2443; Straneo, Fiammetta/0000-0002-1735-2366; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Abel, Steven/0000-0002-1330-4199; Allen, Grant /0000-0002-7070-3620; Krejci, Radovan/0000-0002-9384-9702; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Vaughan, Geraint/0000-0002-0885-0398; Gallardo, Laura/0000-0001-7605-3721; FU Natural Environment Research Council, UK; DoE [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; US National Science Foundation [OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012, ATM-0749011, ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872, ATM-0749088, ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245, OCE-0741917]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320899, NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566, GC08-252b]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, NA07OAR4310248]; NSF; US Office of Naval Research [PE 0602435, N000140810437]; Chilean FONDECYT [1109004, 1090412]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [2007-1008]; Met Office (UK); UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F019874/1, NE/F018592/1]; NSF-NCAR [0301213] FX It is practically impossible to acknowledge all the people who have contributed to VOCALS, but we can try to pay tribute to the various groups that have dedicated their resources, efforts, sweat and tears to the planning and execution of the program. First, we need to thank the teams led by Bob Weller at WHOI that deployed and maintained with annual cruises the IMET buoy which has provided almost a decade of high quality meteorological, radiation and oceanographic measurements. Thanks to Chris Fairall and coworkers at ESRL, and the scientists involved in the EPIC Stratocumulus cruise, these ship-borne data have led to a wealth of scientific data. We are extremely grateful to the support staff, crew and scientists who helped make the VOCALS-REx a success. These include the PIs, support scientists and crews of the six aircraft platforms (the NSF/NCAR C-130, the UK FAAM BAe-146, the DoE G-1, the CIRPAS Twin Otter, the UK NERC Dornier 228, and, in the 2010 CUpEx phase, the Chilean DGAC King Air), the two ships (the NOAA Ronald H. Brown, and the Peruvian IMARPE Jose Olaya), and the land stations at Iquique and Paposo. The NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory is thanked for their dedication to coordinating and executing field logistics and data archive support for VOCALS REx. The cooperation of hosts and collaborators in Chile and Peru who provided various critical facilities and support during REx is gratefully acknowledged. These include dedicated staff from the Chilean Weather Service (DMC), Ana Maria Cordova at Universidad de Valparaiso, Ricardo Munoz, Jose Rutllant and fellow students at Universidad de Chile, Rosalino Fuenzalida, and fellow staff and students at Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile; Yamina Silva at Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima and Boris Dewitte at Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse, France. Sounding operations were led by Tim Lim and quality control by Kate Young, both of NCAR/EOL. We also thank the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, for supporting the UK University contribution to VOCALS, and to FAAM, Directflight Ltd., Avalon Engineering Ltd, and ARSF, for providing the BAe146 and Dornier-228 aircraft respectively. Without the untiring efforts of the staff of these Facilities the science objectives of VOCALS would not have been met. The European Southern Observatory (ESO) are thanked for their help and support for measurements at Paranal. The NASA Langley GOES-10 analyses were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and the DoE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Agreement DE-AI02-07ER64546.; Funding for VOCALS-REx was provided through the following grants: US National Science Foundation grants OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012, ATM-0749011, ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872, ATM-0749088, ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245 and OCE-0741917; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grants NA08OAR4320899, NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566, and GC08-252b; cooperative agreements between NOAA and NSF to fund logistics, operations and data archiving funded through NOAA grants NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, and NA07OAR4310248; the US Office of Naval Research grants PE 0602435, N000140810437, and N000140810465; the Chilean FONDECYT grants 1109004 and 1090412; the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning grant 2007-1008; The Met Office (UK); the UK Natural Environment Research Council grants NE/F019874/1 and NE/F018592/1; NSF-NCAR Cooperative Agreement: 0301213 Amendment 64 funded VOCALS Field Support; Meteo France. NR 53 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 627 EP 654 DI 10.5194/acp-11-627-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300016 ER PT J AU Lee, J Worden, J Noone, D Bowman, K Eldering, A LeGrande, A Li, JLF Schmidt, G Sodemann, H AF Lee, J. Worden, J. Noone, D. Bowman, K. Eldering, A. LeGrande, A. Li, J-L. F. Schmidt, G. Sodemann, H. TI Relating tropical ocean clouds to moist processes using water vapor isotope measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLE; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; CONVECTION; RATIOS; TROPOPAUSE; TRANSPORT; DEUTERIUM; EXCHANGE; MODEL AB We examine the co-variations of tropospheric water vapor, its isotopic composition and cloud types and relate these distributions to tropospheric mixing and distillation models using satellite observations from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) over the summertime tropical ocean. Interpretation of these process distributions must take into account the sensitivity of the TES isotope and water vapor measurements to variations in cloud, water, and temperature amount. Consequently, comparisons are made between cloud-types based on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISSCP) classification; these are clear sky, non-precipitating (e.g., cumulus), boundary layer (e.g., stratocumulus), and precipitating clouds (e.g. regions of deep convection). In general, we find that the free tropospheric vapor over tropical oceans does not strictly follow a Rayleigh model in which air parcels become dry and isotopically depleted through condensation. Instead, mixing processes related to convection as well as subsidence, and reevaporation of rainfall associated with organized deep convection all play significant roles in controlling the water vapor distribution. The relative role of these moisture processes are examined for different tropical oceanic regions. C1 [Lee, J.; Worden, J.; Bowman, K.; Eldering, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [LeGrande, A.; Li, J-L. F.; Schmidt, G.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [LeGrande, A.; Li, J-L. F.; Schmidt, G.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Sodemann, H.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. RP Lee, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jeonghoon.d.lee@gmail.com RI Lee, Jeonghoon/E-8116-2010; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; LeGrande, Allegra/D-8920-2012 OI Lee, Jeonghoon/0000-0002-1256-4431; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; LeGrande, Allegra/0000-0002-5295-0062 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [07-NEWS07-20] FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support from NASA funding under 07-NEWS07-20 is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Matthias Schneider for his comments. Copyright 2010. All rights reserved. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 741 EP 752 DI 10.5194/acp-11-741-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300023 ER PT J AU Chen, CM Cageao, RP Lawrence, L Stutz, J Salawitch, RJ Jourdain, L Li, Q Sander, SP AF Chen, C. M. Cageao, R. P. Lawrence, L. Stutz, J. Salawitch, R. J. Jourdain, L. Li, Q. Sander, S. P. TI Diurnal variation of midlatitudinal NO3 column abundance over table mountain facility, California SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; ATMOSPHERIC NO3; TROPOSPHERIC NO3; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VERTICAL PROFILES; STRATOSPHERIC NO3; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS AB The column abundance of NO3 was measured over Table Mountain Facility, CA (34.4 degrees N, 117.7 degrees W) from May 2003 through September 2004, using lunar occultation near full moon with a grating spectrometer. The NO3 column retrieval was performed with the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique using both the 623 and 662 nm NO3 absorption bands. Other spectral features such as Fraunhofer lines and absorption from water vapor and oxygen were removed using solar spectra obtained at different airmass factors. We observed a seasonal variation, with nocturnally averaged NO3 columns between 5 - 7 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) during October through March, and 5 - 22 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) during April through September. A subset of the data, with diurnal variability vastly different from the temporal profile obtained from one-dimensional stratospheric model calculations, clearly has boundary layer contributions; this was confirmed by simultaneous long-path DOAS measurements. However, even the NO3 columns that did follow the modeled time evolution were often much larger than modeled stratospheric partial columns constrained by realistic temperatures and ozone concentrations. This discrepancy is attributed to substantial tropospheric NO3 in the free troposphere, which may have the same time dependence as stratospheric NO3. C1 [Chen, C. M.; Cageao, R. P.; Salawitch, R. J.; Jourdain, L.; Li, Q.; Sander, S. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lawrence, L.; Stutz, J.; Li, Q.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Chen, CM (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. EM claudine.chen+acp@googlemail.com RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. It was supported by grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The SAGE III data used in this comparison are from L2 Lunar Event Species Profiles, v3.00, available from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov). We thank R. Moore for assistance with the SAGE III data, T. Leblanc for the TMF lidar data, Atmospheric and Environmental Research for use of LBLRTM, and S. Wang and A. Lambert for the orthogonal linear fit program. We also thank D. Natzic for technical assistance, L. Kovalenko for assistance with the photochemical model, and H. Bosch for discussions and calculations on atmospheric scattering. Others who have made significant technical and discussion contributions include R. Lu, D. Wu, G. Mount, V. Nemtchinov, and D. Peterson. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 963 EP 978 DI 10.5194/acp-11-963-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721KW UT WOS:000287354100005 ER PT J AU Koch, D Balkanski, Y Bauer, SE Easter, RC Ferrachat, S Ghan, SJ Hoose, C Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Kristjansson, JE Liu, X Lohmann, U Menon, S Quaas, J Schulz, M Seland, O Takemura, T Yan, N AF Koch, D. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. E. Easter, R. C. Ferrachat, S. Ghan, S. J. Hoose, C. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Kristjansson, J. E. Liu, X. Lohmann, U. Menon, S. Quaas, J. Schulz, M. Seland, O. Takemura, T. Yan, N. TI Soot microphysical effects on liquid clouds, a multi-model investigation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL ECHAM5-HAM; GLOBAL CLIMATE; AEROSOL; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; AEROCOM AB We use global models to explore the microphysical effects of carbonaceous aerosols on liquid clouds. Although absorption of solar radiation by soot warms the atmosphere, soot may cause climate cooling due to its contribution to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and therefore cloud brightness. Six global models conducted three soot experiments; four of the models had detailed aerosol microphysical schemes. The average cloud radiative response to biofuel soot (black and organic carbon), including both indirect and semi-direct effects, is -0.11 Wm(-2), comparable in size but opposite in sign to the respective direct effect. In a more idealized fossil fuel black carbon experiment, some models calculated a positive cloud response because soot provides a deposition sink for sulfuric and nitric acids and secondary organics, decreasing nucleation and evolution of viable CCN. Biofuel soot particles were also typically assumed to be larger and more hygroscopic than for fossil fuel soot and therefore caused more negative forcing, as also found in previous studies. Diesel soot (black and organic carbon) experiments had relatively smaller cloud impacts with five of the models <+/- 0.06 Wm(-2) from clouds. The results are subject to the caveats that variability among models, and regional and interrannual variability for each model, are large. This comparison together with previously published results stresses the need to further constrain aerosol microphysical schemes. The non-linearities resulting from the competition of opposing effects on the CCN population make it difficult to extrapolate from idealized experiments to likely impacts of realistic potential emission changes. C1 [Koch, D.; Bauer, S. E.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Koch, D.; Bauer, S. E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Balkanski, Y.; Schulz, M.; Yan, N.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ferrachat, S.; Lohmann, U.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Quaas, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Hoose, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Easter, R. C.; Ghan, S. J.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Menon, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hoose, C.; Kristjansson, J. E.; Schulz, M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. EM dorothy.koch@science.doe.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Hoose, Corinna/A-4295-2009; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158 FU NASA; Clean Air Task Force; EUCAARI [036833-2]; IPY POLARCAT and NorClim (Norwegian Research Council [178246, 460724]; Norwegian Research Council; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH1123] FX We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on our manuscript. We thank Tami Bond for providing diesel emissions for the experiments and for comments on the manuscript. D. Koch was supported by the NASA MAP Program and the Clean Air Task Force. The work with CAM-Oslo was supported by the projects EUCAARI (European Integrated project No. 036833-2), IPY POLARCAT and NorClim (Norwegian Research Council grants No. 178246 and 460724) and by the Norwegian Research Council's program for Supercomputing through a grant of computer time. R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, and X. Liu were funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The work at LBNL was supported by US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123. S. Menon acknowledges support from the NASA MAP and the DOE ASR and Global Climate Modeling Program. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1064 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1051-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721KW UT WOS:000287354100011 ER PT J AU Aumann, HH DeSouza-Machado, SG Behrangi, A AF Aumann, H. H. DeSouza-Machado, S. G. Behrangi, A. TI Deep convective clouds at the tropopause SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; SCATTERING; HUMIDITY; METEOSAT AB Data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua spacecraft each day show tens of thousands of Cold Clouds (CC) in the tropical oceans with 10 am window channel brightness temperatures colder than 225 K. These clouds represent a mix of cold anvil clouds and Deep Convective Clouds (DCC). This mix can be separated by computing the difference between two channels, a window channel and a channel with strong CO2 absorption: for some cold clouds this difference is negative, i.e. the spectra for some cold clouds are inverted. We refer to cold clouds with spectra which are more than 2 K inverted as DCCi2. Associated with DCCi2 is a very high rain rate and a local upward displacement of the tropopause, a cold "bulge", which can be seen directly in the brightness temperatures of AIRS and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) temperature sounding channels in the lower stratosphere. The very high rain rate and the local distortion of the tropopause indicate that DCCi2 objects are associated with severe storms. Significant long-term trends in the statistical properties of DCCi2 could be interesting indicators of climate change. While the analysis of the nature and physical conditions related to DCCi2 requires hyperspectral infrared and microwave data, the identification of DCCi2 requires only one good window channel and one strong CO2 sounding channel. This suggests that improved identification of severe storms with future advanced geostationary satellites could be accomplished with the addition of one or two narrow band channels. C1 [Aumann, H. H.; Behrangi, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [DeSouza-Machado, S. G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM aumann@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and at UMBC, supported by NASA HQ. We are grateful for the long-term support of Ramesh Kakar, Aqua Program Scientist at NASA HQ and helpful comments by Tim Dunkerton. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1167 EP 1176 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1167-2011 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721KW UT WOS:000287354100019 ER PT J AU Veefkind, JP Boersma, KF Wang, J Kurosu, TP Krotkov, N Chance, K Levelt, PF AF Veefkind, J. P. Boersma, K. F. Wang, J. Kurosu, T. P. Krotkov, N. Chance, K. Levelt, P. F. TI Global satellite analysis of the relation between aerosols and short-lived trace gases SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GOCART MODEL; EMISSIONS; FORMALDEHYDE; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM AB The spatial and temporal correlations between concurrent satellite observations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and tropospheric columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are used to infer information on the global composition of aerosol particles. When averaging the satellite data over large regions and longer time periods, we find significant correlation between MODIS AOT and OMI trace gas columns for various regions in the world. This shows that these enhanced aerosol and trace gas concentrations originate from common sources, such as fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and organic compounds released from the biosphere. This leads us to propose that satellite-inferred AOT to NO2 ratios for regions with comparable photochemical regimes can be used as indicators for the relative regional pollution control of combustion processes. Indeed, satellites observe low AOT to NO2 ratios over the eastern United States and western Europe, and high AOT to NO2 ratios over comparably industrialized regions in eastern Europe and China. Emission databases and OMI SO2 observations over these regions suggest a much stronger sulfur contribution to aerosol formation than over the well-regulated areas of the eastern United States and western Europe. Furthermore, satellite observations show AOT to NO2 ratios are a factor 100 higher over biomass burning regions than over industrialized areas, reflecting the unregulated burning practices with strong primary particle emissions in the tropics compared to the heavily controlled combustion processes in the industrialized Northern Hemisphere. Simulations with a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem) capture most of these variations, although on regional scales significant differences are found. Wintertime aerosol concentrations show strongest correlations with NO2 throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere. During summertime, AOT is often (also) correlated with enhanced HCHO concentrations, reflecting the importance of secondary organic aerosol formation in that season. We also find significant correlations between AOT and HCHO over biomass burning regions, the tropics in general, and over industrialized regions in southeastern Asia. The distinct summertime maximum in AOT (0.4 at 550 nm) and HCHO over the southeastern United States strengthens existing hypotheses that local emissions of volatile organic compounds lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosols there. GEOS-Chem underestimates the AOT over the southeastern United States by a factor of 2, most likely due to too strong precipitation and too low SOA yield in the model. C1 [Veefkind, J. P.; Boersma, K. F.; Levelt, P. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Kurosu, T. P.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Krotkov, N.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Veefkind, JP (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM veefkind@knmi.nl RI Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 FU Netherlands Space Office (NSO); NASA FX This work is funded by the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). Jun Wang's participation to this work is supported by the NASA Earth Science New Investigator program. The OMI instrument was contributed by the Netherlands (NSO/KNMI) and Finland (TEKES/FMI) to the NASA EOS-Aura mission. We also acknowledge the MODIS and AERONET mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1255 EP 1267 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1255-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721KW UT WOS:000287354100026 ER PT J AU Rogers, RR Hostetler, CA Hair, JW Ferrare, RA Liu, Z Obland, MD Harper, DB Cook, AL Powell, KA Vaughan, MA Winker, DM AF Rogers, R. R. Hostetler, C. A. Hair, J. W. Ferrare, R. A. Liu, Z. Obland, M. D. Harper, D. B. Cook, A. L. Powell, K. A. Vaughan, M. A. Winker, D. M. TI Assessment of the CALIPSO Lidar 532 nm attenuated backscatter calibration using the NASA LaRC airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GROUND-BASED LIDAR; RAMAN LIDAR; SPACE; VALIDATION; SCATTERING; AIRCRAFT; PROFILES; PRODUCTS; LAYER AB The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft has provided global, high-resolution vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds since it became operational on 13 June 2006. On 14 June 2006, the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) was deployed aboard the NASA Langley B-200 aircraft for the first of a series of 86 underflights of the CALIPSO satellite to provide validation measurements for the CALIOP data products. To better assess the range of conditions under which CALIOP data products are produced, these validation flights were conducted under both daytime and nighttime lighting conditions, in multiple seasons, and over a large range of latitudes and aerosol and cloud conditions. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the CALIOP 532 nm calibration (through the 532 nm total attenuated backscatter) using internally calibrated airborne HSRL underflight data and is the most extensive study of CALIOP 532 nm calibration. Results show that HSRL and CALIOP 532 nm total attenuated backscatter agree on average within 2.7% +/- 2.1% (CALIOP lower) at night and within 2.9% +/- 3.9% (CALIOP lower) during the day, demonstrating the accuracy of the CALIOP 532 nm calibration algorithms. Additionally, comparisons with HSRL show consistency of the CALIOP calibration before and after the laser switch in 2009 as well as improvements in the daytime version 3.01 calibration scheme compared with the version 2 calibration scheme. Potential biases and uncertainties in the methodology relevant to validating satellite lidar measurements with an airborne lidar system are discussed and found to be less than 4.5% +/- 3.2% for this validation effort with HSRL. Results from this study are also compared with prior assessments of the CALIOP 532 nm attenuated backscatter calibration. C1 [Rogers, R. R.; Hostetler, C. A.; Hair, J. W.; Ferrare, R. A.; Liu, Z.; Obland, M. D.; Harper, D. B.; Cook, A. L.; Powell, K. A.; Vaughan, M. A.; Winker, D. M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rogers, RR (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM raymond.r.rogers@nasa.gov RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738 NR 37 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1295 EP 1311 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1295-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721KW UT WOS:000287354100028 ER PT J AU Bond, TC Zarzycki, C Flanner, MG Koch, DM AF Bond, T. C. Zarzycki, C. Flanner, M. G. Koch, D. M. TI Quantifying immediate radiative forcing by black carbon and organic matter with the Specific Forcing Pulse SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE GASES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; MITIGATION; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES; AEROCOM; SOOT AB Climatic effects of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) differ from those of long-lived greenhouse gases, because they occur rapidly after emission and because they depend upon the region of emission. The distinctive temporal and spatial nature of these impacts is not captured by measures that rely on global averages or long time integrations. Here, we propose a simple measure, the Specific Forcing Pulse (SFP), to quantify climate warming or cooling by these pollutants, where we define "immediate" as occurring primarily within the first year after emission. SFP is the amount of energy added to or removed from a receptor region in the Earth-atmosphere system by a chemical species, per mass of emission in a source region. We limit the application of SFP to species that remain in the atmosphere for less than one year. Metrics used in policy discussions, such as total forcing or global warming potential, are easily derived from SFP. However, SFP conveys purely physical information without incurring the policy implications of choosing a time horizon for the global warming potential. Using one model (Community Atmosphere Model, or CAM), we calculate values of SFP for black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM) emitted from 23 source-region combinations. Global SFP for both atmosphere and cryosphere impacts is divided among receptor latitudes. SFP is usually greater for open-burning emissions than for energy-related (fossil-fuel and biofuel) emissions because of the timing of emission. Global SFP for BC varies by about 45% for energy-related emissions from different regions. This variation would be larger except for compensating effects. When emitted aerosol has larger cryosphere forcing, it often has lower atmosphere forcing because of less deep convection and a shorter atmospheric lifetime. A single model result is insufficient to capture uncertainty. We develop a best estimate and uncertainties for SFP by combining forcing results from 12 additional models. We outline a framework for combining a large number of simple models with a smaller number of enhanced models that have greater complexity. Adjustments for black carbon internal mixing and for regional variability are discussed. Emitting regions with more deep convection have greater model diversity. Our best estimate of global-mean SFP is +1.03 +/- 0.52 GJ g(-1) for direct atmosphere forcing of black carbon, +1.15 +/- 0.53 GJ g(-1) for black carbon including direct and cryosphere forcing, and -0.064 (-0.02, -0.13) GJ g(-1) for organic matter. These values depend on the region and timing of emission. The lowest OM: BC mass ratio required to produce a neutral effect on top-of-atmosphere direct forcing is 15: 1 for any region. Any lower ratio results in positive direct forcing. However, important processes, particularly cloud changes that tend toward cooling, have not been included here. Global-average SFP for energy-related emissions can be converted to a 100-year GWP of about 740 +/- 370 for BC without snow forcing, and 830 +/- 440 with snow forcing. 100-year GWP for OM is -46 (-18, -92). Best estimates of atmospheric radiative impact (without snow forcing) by black and organic matter are +0.47 +/- 0.26 W m(-2) and -0.17 (-0.07, -0.35) W m(-2) for BC and OM, respectively, assuming total emission rates of 7.4 and 45 Tg yr(-1). Anthropogenic forcing is +0.40 +/- 0.18 W m(-2) and -0.13 (-0.05, -0.25) W m(-2) for BC and OM, respectively, assuming anthropogenic emission rates of 6.3 and 32.6 Tg yr(-1). Black carbon forcing is only 18% higher than that given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), although the value presented here includes enhanced absorption due to internal mixing. C1 [Bond, T. C.; Zarzycki, C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Flanner, M. G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Koch, D. M.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Bond, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM yark@illinois.edu RI Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Zarzycki, Colin/E-5691-2014 OI Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; FU US EPA's Climate Office; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [MAP, NNG04GL91G]; UCAR ASP; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the US EPA's Climate Office, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under MAP (DMK) and NNG04GL91G (TCB), and by a UCAR ASP post-doctoral fellowship (MGF). Model runs were accomplished at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We thank Steven J. Smith, John Bachmann, David Fahey, and Piers Forster for helpful comments, as well as anonymous and named reviewers for pointing out many needed clarifications. This paper has not been subjected to EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. NR 61 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1505 EP 1525 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1505-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JW UT WOS:000287795700010 ER PT J AU Hansell, RA Reid, JS Tsay, SC Roush, TL Kalashnikova, OV AF Hansell, R. A., Jr. Reid, J. S. Tsay, S. C. Roush, T. L. Kalashnikova, O. V. TI A sensitivity study on the effects of particle chemistry, asphericity and size on the mass extinction efficiency of mineral dust in the earth's atmosphere: from the near to thermal IR SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID M OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; SAHARAN DUST; SAMUM 2006; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CANARY-ISLANDS; AEROSOL; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; WAVELENGTHS AB To determine a plausible range of mass extinction efficiencies (MEE) of terrestrial atmospheric dust from the near to thermal IR, sensitivity analyses are performed over an extended range of dust microphysical and chemistry perturbations. The IR values are subsequently compared to those in the near-IR, to evaluate spectral relationships in their optical properties. Synthesized size distributions consistent with measurements, model particle size, while composition is defined by the refractive indices of minerals routinely observed in dust, including the widely used OPAC/Hess parameterization. Single-scattering properties of representative dust particle shapes are calculated using the T-matrix, Discrete Dipole Approximation and Lorenz-Mie light-scattering codes. For the parameterizations examined, MEE ranges from nearly zero to 1.2 m(2) g(-1), with the higher values associated with non-spheres composed of quartz and gypsum. At near-IR wavelengths, MEE for non-spheres generally exceeds those for spheres, while in the thermal IR, shape-induced changes in MEE strongly depend on volume median diameter (VMD) and wavelength, particularly for MEE evaluated at the mineral resonant frequencies. MEE spectral distributions appear to follow particle geometry and are evidence for shape dependency in the optical properties. It is also shown that non-spheres best reproduce the positions of prominent absorption peaks found in silicates. Generally, angular particles exhibit wider and more symmetric MEE spectral distribution patterns from 8-10 mu m than those with smooth surfaces, likely due to their edge-effects. Lastly, MEE ratios allow for infer-ring dust optical properties across the visible-IR spectrum. We conclude the MEE of dust aerosol are significant for the parameter space investigated, and are a key component for remote sensing applications and the study of direct aerosol radiative effects. C1 [Hansell, R. A., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Hansell, R. A., Jr.; Tsay, S. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roush, T. L.] NASA Ames, Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Kalashnikova, O. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hansell, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM richard.a.hansell@nasa.gov RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; FU NASA; Office of Naval Research [32, 35] FX We are grateful to B. Draine and P. Flatau, and M. Mishchenko for making the DDA, and T-matrix and Lorenz-Mie light scattering codes available, respectively. We also acknowledge those who maintain the websites (http://webmineral.com and http://mindat.org) and for making the mineral data publicly available. We thank Ralph Kahn for his review and comments to this paper, and lastly, we thank the anonymous referees for their insightful comments and suggestions. Funding for this research was provided by the NASA Radiation Science Program and Office of Naval Research Code 32&35. NR 80 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1527 EP 1547 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1527-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JW UT WOS:000287795700011 ER PT J AU Paulot, F Wunch, D Crounse, JD Toon, GC Millet, DB DeCarlo, PF Vigouroux, C Deutscher, NM Abad, GG Notholt, J Warneke, T Hannigan, JW Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Dunlea, EJ De Maziere, M Griffith, DWT Bernath, P Jimenez, JL Wennberg, PO AF Paulot, F. Wunch, D. Crounse, J. D. Toon, G. C. Millet, D. B. DeCarlo, P. F. Vigouroux, C. Deutscher, N. M. Abad, G. Gonzalez Notholt, J. Warneke, T. Hannigan, J. W. Warneke, C. de Gouw, J. A. Dunlea, E. J. De Maziere, M. Griffith, D. W. T. Bernath, P. Jimenez, J. L. Wennberg, P. O. TI Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE OH; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; KNUDSEN CELL REACTOR; HETEROGENEOUS UPTAKE; INITIATED OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS AB We present a detailed budget of formic and acetic acids, two of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere. Our bottom-up estimate of the global source of formic and acetic acids are similar to 1200 and similar to 1400 Gmol yr(-1), dominated by photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, in particular isoprene. Their sinks are dominated by wet and dry deposition. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to evaluate this budget against an extensive suite of measurements from ground, ship and satellite-based Fourier transform spectrometers, as well as from several aircraft campaigns over North America. The model captures the seasonality of formic and acetic acids well but generally underestimates their concentration, particularly in the Northern midlatitudes. We infer that the source of both carboxylic acids may be up to 50% greater than our estimate and report evidence for a long-lived missing secondary source of carboxylic acids that may be associated with the aging of organic aerosols. Vertical profiles of formic acid in the upper troposphere support a negative temperature dependence of the reaction between formic acid and the hydroxyl radical as suggested by several theoretical studies. C1 [Paulot, F.; Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vigouroux, C.; De Maziere, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Abad, G. Gonzalez; Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Hannigan, J. W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Paulot, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM paulot@caltech.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Paulot, Fabien/C-1002-2011; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NASA [NNX10AG65G, NNX08AD39G, NNG06GB32B]; Wild Fund; National Center for Earth Observation (NCEO); National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NOAA [NA08OAR4310565]; Danish Meteorological Institute; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [404/14-1]; Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Internation Science Linkage [CG130014]; Canadian Space Agency; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) FX The authors thank two anonymous referees and T. Stavrakou for their constructive comments. FP is supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science fellowship. GGA is supported by the Wild Fund and the National Center for Earth Observation (NCEO). DBM acknowledges support from NASA under Grant NNX10AG65G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation program at Thule (GR) is supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work is also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). PFD, EJD and JLJ were supported by NASA NNX08AD39G and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. The authors wish to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule site. JN acknowledges funding by the grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) NO 404/14-1. NMD and DWTG acknowledge support from the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Internation Science Linkage under Grant CG130014. CV and MDM acknowledge the PRODEX project SECPEA and the project AGACC from the Belgian Science Policy Office (contracts SD/AT/O1A and SD/AT/01B) for supporting the FTIR experiment at La Reunion. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The ACE mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Some support was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), through the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). Measurements of FA and AA during the INTEX-B and Milagro missions were supported by NASA under Grant NNG06GB32B. The authors are grateful to Stephen Arnold and Dominick Spracklen for providing the marine isoprene fluxes, and to Sheryl Akagi and Robert Yokelson for providing updated biomass burning and biofuel emission factors. The numerical simulations for this research were performed on Caltech's Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences Dell cluster. NR 156 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 11 U2 109 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1989 EP 2013 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1989-2011 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734VS UT WOS:000288368900010 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Cozic, J Bahreini, R Froyd, KD Middlebrook, AM McComiskey, A Brioude, J Cooper, OR Stohl, A Aikin, KC de Gouw, JA Fahey, DW Ferrare, RA Gao, RS Gore, W Holloway, JS Hubler, G Jefferson, A Lack, DA Lance, S Moore, RH Murphy, DM Nenes, A Novelli, PC Nowak, JB Ogren, JA Peischl, J Pierce, RB Pilewskie, P Quinn, PK Ryerson, TB Schmidt, KS Schwarz, JP Sodemann, H Spackman, JR Stark, H Thomson, DS Thornberry, T Veres, P Watts, LA Warneke, C Wollny, AG AF Brock, C. A. Cozic, J. Bahreini, R. Froyd, K. D. Middlebrook, A. M. McComiskey, A. Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Stohl, A. Aikin, K. C. de Gouw, J. A. Fahey, D. W. Ferrare, R. A. Gao, R-S. Gore, W. Holloway, J. S. Huebler, G. Jefferson, A. Lack, D. A. Lance, S. Moore, R. H. Murphy, D. M. Nenes, A. Novelli, P. C. Nowak, J. B. Ogren, J. A. Peischl, J. Pierce, R. B. Pilewskie, P. Quinn, P. K. Ryerson, T. B. Schmidt, K. S. Schwarz, J. P. Sodemann, H. Spackman, J. R. Stark, H. Thomson, D. S. Thornberry, T. Veres, P. Watts, L. A. Warneke, C. Wollny, A. G. TI Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOREST-FIRE PLUMES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; BLACK CARBON; AIR-POLLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEA-ICE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB We present an overview of the background, scientific goals, and execution of the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project of April 2008. We then summarize airborne measurements, made in the troposphere of the Alaskan Arctic, of aerosol particle size distributions, composition, and optical properties and discuss the sources and transport of the aerosols. The aerosol data were grouped into four categories based on gas-phase composition. First, the background troposphere contained a relatively diffuse, sulfate-rich aerosol extending from the top of the sea-ice inversion layer to 7.4 km altitude. Second, a region of depleted (relative to the background) aerosol was present within the surface inversion layer over sea-ice. Third, layers of dense, organic-rich smoke from open biomass fires in southern Russia and southeastern Siberia were frequently encountered at all altitudes from the top of the inversion layer to 7.1 km. Finally, some aerosol layers were dominated by components originating from fossil fuel combustion. Of these four categories measured during ARCPAC, the diffuse background aerosol was most similar to the average springtime aerosol properties observed at a long-term monitoring site at Barrow, Alaska. The biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel layers were present above the sea-ice inversion layer and did not reach the sea-ice surface during the course of the ARCPAC measurements. The BB aerosol layers were highly scattering and were moderately hygroscopic. On average, the layers produced a noontime net heating of similar to 0.1K day(-1) between 3 and 7 km and a slight cooling at the surface. The ratios of particle mass to carbon monoxide (CO) in the BB plumes, which had been transported over distances >5000 km, were comparable to the high end of literature values derived from previous measurements in wildfire smoke. These ratios suggest minimal precipitation scavenging and removal of the BB particles between the time they were emitted and the time they were observed in dense layers above the sea-ice inversion layer. C1 [Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; Middlebrook, A. M.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Gao, R-S.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Jefferson, A.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Murphy, D. M.; Novelli, P. C.; Nowak, J. B.; Ogren, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stohl, A.; Sodemann, H.] Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway. [Ferrare, R. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Gore, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schmidt, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310085, NA04OAR4310088]; NASA [NNX08AQ99G]; NSF; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBBE22-119260]; Research Council of Norway; University of Maryland FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality Programs. P. Pilewskie and S. Schmidt were supported by NOAA under award NA06OAR4310085. A. Nenes and R. Moore were supported by NOAA award NA04OAR4310088 and NASA award NNX08AQ99G. A. Nenes was also supported by a NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program award, and R. Moore by a DOE Global Change Education Program Graduate Research Fellowship. S. Lance was supported by the US National Research Council under a Research Associateships Program fellowship, and J. Cozic by the Swiss National Science Foundation under award PBBE22-119260. A. Stohl and H. Sodemann were supported by the Research Council of Norway in the framework of POLARCAT. MODIS hotspot data provided courtesy of NASA and the University of Maryland. Thanks to Jim Roberts, Andy Neuman, and Bob Stone for constructive comments on the manuscript, to the collaborating ISDAC, ARCTAS, ICEALOT, and other POLARCAT participants, and to Everts Air in Fairbanks, Alaska for outstanding logistical support. Finally, a special note of thanks to Glen Shaw and Bill Simpson of the University of Alaska at Fairbanks, who led enthusiastic material, scientific, and institutional support for all of the IPY projects in Fairbanks. NR 161 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 9 U2 65 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2423 EP 2453 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742YW UT WOS:000288982300002 ER PT J AU Li, J Hu, Y Huang, J Stamnes, K Yi, Y Stamnes, S AF Li, J. Hu, Y. Huang, J. Stamnes, K. Yi, Y. Stamnes, S. TI A new method for retrieval of the extinction coefficient of water clouds by using the tail of the CALIOP signal SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; GROUND-BASED LIDAR; MARITIME LOW CLOUDS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CALIPSO LIDAR; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; VISIBLE/INFRARED SCANNER; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS AB A method is developed based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) level 1 attenuated backscatter profile data for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of water droplets close to cloud top. The method is applicable to low level (cloud top < 2 km), opaque water clouds in which the lidar signal is completely attenuated beyond about 100 m of penetration into the cloud. The photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) of the 532 nm detectors (parallel and perpendicular polarizations) of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) both exhibit a non-ideal recovery of the lidar signal after striking a strongly backscattering target (such as water cloud or surface). Therefore, the effects of any transient responses of CALIOP on the attenuated backscatter profile of the water cloud must first be removed in order to obtain a reliable (validated) attenuated backscatter profile. Then, the slope of the exponential decay of the validated water cloud attenuated backscatter profile, and the multiple scattering factor are used for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of low-level water cloud droplets close to cloud top. This novel method was evaluated and compared with the previous method which combined the cloud effective radius (3.7-mu m) reported by MODIS with the lidar depolarization ratios measured by CALIPSO to estimate the mean extinction coefficient. Statistical results show that the extinction coefficients derived by the new method based on CALIOP alone agree reasonbably well with those obtained in the previous study using combined CALIOP and MODIS data. The mean absolute relative difference in extinction coefficient is about 13.4%. An important advantage of the new method is that it can be used to derive the extinction coefficient also during night time, and it is also applicable when multi-layered clouds are present. Overall, the stratocumulus dominated regions experience larger day-night differences which are all negative and seasonal. However, a contrary tendency consisted in the global mean values. The global mean cloud water extinction coefficients during different seasons range from 26 to 30 km(-1), and the differences between day and night time are all positive and small (about 1-2 km(-1)). In addition, the global mean layer-integrated depolarization ratios of liquid water clouds during different seasons range from 0.2 to 0.23, and the differences between day and night also are small, about 0.01. C1 [Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Li, J.; Huang, J.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semi Arid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Li, J.; Stamnes, K.; Stamnes, S.] Stevens Inst Tech, Dept Phys & Engn, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Yi, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Hu, Y (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU NASA; National Science Foundation of China [40725015, 40633017]; CALIPSO project FX This work is supported by the NASA radiation science program and the CALIPSO project. In addition, this work is also supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40725015 and 40633017. Here, the authors want to also thank Hal Maring and David Considine of NASA Headquarters for discussions and support. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2903 EP 2916 DI 10.5194/acp-11-2903-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742YW UT WOS:000288982300031 ER PT J AU Ten Hoeve, JE Remer, LA Jacobson, MZ AF Ten Hoeve, J. E. Remer, L. A. Jacobson, M. Z. TI Microphysical and radiative effects of aerosols on warm clouds during the Amazon biomass burning season as observed by MODIS: impacts of water vapor and land cover SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLLUTION AEROSOL; SMOKE; DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS; PRECIPITATION AB Aerosol, cloud, water vapor, and temperature profile data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are utilized to examine the impact of aerosols on clouds during the Amazonian biomass burning season in Rondonia, Brazil. It is found that increasing background column water vapor (CWV) throughout this transition season between the Amazon dry and wet seasons likely exerts a strong effect on cloud properties. As a result, proper analysis of aerosol-cloud relationships requires that data be stratified by CWV to account better for the influence of background meteorological variation. Many previous studies of aerosol-cloud interactions over Amazonia have ignored the systematic changes to meteorological factors during the transition season, leading to possible misinterpretation of their results. Cloud fraction (CF) is shown to increase or remain constant with aerosol optical depth (ADD), depending on the value of CWV, whereas the relationship between cloud optical depth (COD) and AOD is quite different. COD increases with AOD until AOD similar to 0.3, which is assumed to be due to the first indirect (microphysical) effect. At higher values of AOD, COD is found to decrease with increasing AOD, which may be due to: (1) the inhibition of cloud development by absorbing aerosols (radiative effect/semi-direct effect) and/or (2) a possible retrieval artifact in which the measured reflectance in the visible is less than expected from a cloud top either from the darkening of clouds through the addition of carbonaceous biomass burning aerosols within or above clouds or subpixel dark surface contamination in the measured cloud reflectance. If (1) is a contributing mechanism, as we suspect, then an empirically-derived increasing function between cloud drop number and aerosol concentration, assumed in a majority of global climate models, is inaccurate since these models do not include treatment of aerosol absorption in and around clouds. The relationship between aerosols and both CWV and clouds over varying land surface types is also analyzed. The study finds that the difference in CWV between forested and deforested land is not correlated with aerosol loading, supporting the assumption that temporal variation of CWV is primarily a function of the larger-scale meteorology. However, a difference in the response of CF to increasing AOD is observed between forested and deforested land. This suggests that dissimilarities between other meteorological factors, such as atmospheric stability, may have an impact on aerosol-cloud correlations between different land cover types. C1 [Ten Hoeve, J. E.; Jacobson, M. Z.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ten Hoeve, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tenhoeve@stanford.edu FU NASA [NN07AN25G]; EPA [R833371]; Stanford Graduate Fellowship FX This study was supported by NASA under Grant No. NN07AN25G and by the EPA under Agreement R833371, as well as by the NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship and the Stanford Graduate Fellowship. We are grateful to James Coakley, Steven Platnick, and Rich Kleidman for helpful comments. We also thank Brent Holben and his staff for establishing and maintaining the two AERONET sites used in this investigation, Abracos Hill and Ji Parana SE. NR 70 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3021 EP 3036 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3021-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200001 ER PT J AU Huang, M Carmichael, GR Spak, SN Adhikary, B Kulkarni, S Cheng, Y Wei, C Tang, Y D'Allura, A Wennberg, PO Huey, GL Dibb, JE Jimenez, JL Cubison, MJ Weinheimer, AJ Kaduwela, A Cai, C Wong, M Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, JA Streets, DG Zhang, Q AF Huang, M. Carmichael, G. R. Spak, S. N. Adhikary, B. Kulkarni, S. Cheng, Y. Wei, C. Tang, Y. D'Allura, A. Wennberg, P. O. Huey, G. L. Dibb, J. E. Jimenez, J. L. Cubison, M. J. Weinheimer, A. J. Kaduwela, A. Cai, C. Wong, M. Pierce, R. Bradley Al-Saadi, J. A. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. TI Multi-scale modeling study of the source contributions to near-surface ozone and sulfur oxides levels over California during the ARCTAS-CARB period SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EMISSIONS; NOX; SENSITIVITY; HYDROCARBON; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE AB Chronic high surface ozone (O-3) levels and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx = SO2+SO4) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are affected by both local emissions and long-range transport. In this paper, multi-scale tracer, full-chemistry and adjoint simulations using the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are conducted to assess the contribution of local emission sourcesto SC O-3 and to evaluate the impacts of transported sulfur and local emissions on the SC sulfur budget-during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment period in 2008. Sensitivity simulations quantify contributions of biogenic and fire emissions to SC O-3 levels. California biogenic and fire emissions contribute 3-4 ppb to near-surface O-3 over SC, with larger contributions to other regions in CA. During a long-range transport event from Asia starting from 22 June, high SOx levels (up to similar to 0.7 ppb of SO2 and similar to 1.3 ppb of SO4) is observed above similar to 6 km, but they did not affect CA surface air quality. The elevated SOx observed at 1-4 km is estimated to enhance surface SOx over SC by similar to 0.25 ppb (upper limit) on similar to 24 June. The near-surface SOx levels over SC during the flight week are attributed mostly to local emissions. Two anthropogenic SOx emission inventories (EIs) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are compared and applied in 60 km and 12 km chemical transport simulations, and the results are compared with observations. The CARB EI shows improvements over the National Emission Inventory (NEI) by EPA, but generally underestimates surface SC SOx by about a factor of two. Adjoint sensitivity analysis indicated that SO2 levels at 00:00 UTC (17:00 local time) at six SC surface sites were influenced by previous day maritime emissions over the ocean, the terrestrial emissions over nearby urban areas, and by transported SO2 from the north through both terrestrial and maritime areas. Overall maritime emissions contribute 10-70% of SO2 and 20-60% fine SO4 on-shore and over the most terrestrial areas, with contributions decreasing with inland distance from the coast. Maritime emissions also modify the photochemical environment, shifting O-3 production over coastal SC to more VOC-limited conditions. These suggest an important role for shipping emission controls in reducing fine particle and O-3 concentrations in SC. C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Spak, S. N.; Adhikary, B.; Kulkarni, S.; Cheng, Y.; Wei, C.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Nepal. [Tang, Y.] NOAA, NOAA NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [D'Allura, A.] ARIANET Srl, Milan, Italy. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Huey, G. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Wong, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; hui, wanghui/C-5671-2008; OI Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX08AD39G] FX We would like to thank the ARCTAS science team and two anonymous reviewers. We thank Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/OAR/ARL) for helping with the STEM adjoint model. This work was supported by a NASA award (NNX08AH56G). Jose L. Jimenez and Michael J. Cubison were supported by NASA NNX08AD39G. The authors would also like to acknowledge NOAA, the US EPA and CARB for support of the ground measurements. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3173 EP 3194 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3173-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200010 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zhang, Y Hao, J Luo, M AF Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Hao, J. Luo, M. TI Seasonal and spatial variability of surface ozone over China: contributions from background and domestic pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICS-ASIA-II; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; RURAL SITE; UNITED-STATES; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT; GLOBAL SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EASTERN CHINA; NOX EMISSIONS AB Both observations and a 3-D chemical transport model suggest that surface ozone over populated eastern China features a summertime trough and that the month when surface ozone peaks differs by latitude and region. Source-receptor analysis is used to quantify the contributions of background ozone and Chinese anthropogenic emissions on this variability. Annual mean background ozone over China shows a spatial gradient from 55 ppbv in the northwest to 20 ppbv in the southeast, corresponding with changes in topography and ozone lifetime. Pollution background ozone (annual mean of 12.6 ppbv) shows a minimum in the summer and maximum in the spring. On the monthly-mean basis, Chinese pollution ozone (CPO) has a peak of 20-25 ppbv in June north of the Yangtze River and in October south of it, which explains the peaks of surface ozone in these months. The summertime trough in surface ozone over eastern China can be explained by the decrease of background ozone from spring to summer (by -15 ppbv regionally averaged over eastern China). Tagged simulations suggest that long-range transport of ozone from northern mid-latitude continents (including Europe and North America) reaches a minimum in the summer, whereas ozone from Southeast Asia exhibits a maximum in the summer over eastern China. This contrast in seasonality provides clear evidence that the seasonal switch in monsoonal wind patterns plays a significant role in determining the seasonality of background ozone over China. C1 [Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Inst Global Change Studies, Minist Educ,Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.; Hao, J.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Inst Global Change Studies, Minist Educ,Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Zhang, Yuqiang/P-2682-2016; Zhang, Yuqiang/C-5027-2015 OI Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086; Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086 FU National Science Foundation of China [41005060]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2009AA122005] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41005060) and by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2009AA122005). Y. Wang acknowledges additional support by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 53 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3511 EP 3525 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3511-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200032 ER PT J AU de Foy, B Burton, SP Ferrare, RA Hostetler, CA Hair, JW Wiedinmyer, C Molina, LT AF de Foy, B. Burton, S. P. Ferrare, R. A. Hostetler, C. A. Hair, J. W. Wiedinmyer, C. Molina, L. T. TI Aerosol plume transport and transformation in high spectral resolution lidar measurements and WRF-Flexpart simulations during the MILAGRO Field Campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICO-CITY BASIN; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; AIR-QUALITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; METROPOLITAN-AREA; TIME EVOLUTION AB The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) experiences high loadings of atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic sources, biomass burning and wind-blown dust. This paper uses a combination of measurements and numerical simulations to identify different plumes affecting the basin and to characterize transformation inside the plumes. The High Spectral Resolution Lidar on board the NASA LaRC B-200 King Air aircraft measured extinction coefficients and extinction to backscatter ratio at 532 nm, and backscatter coefficients and depolarization ratios at 532 and 1064 nm. These can be used to identify aerosol types. The measurement curtains are compared with particle trajectory simulations using WRF-Flexpart for different source groups. The good correspondence between measurements and simulations suggests that the aerosol transport is sufficiently well characterized by the models to estimate aerosol types and ages. Plumes in the basin undergo complex transport, and are frequently mixed together. Urban aerosols are readily identifiable by their low depolarization ratios and high lidar ratios, and dust by the opposite properties. Fresh biomass burning plumes have very low depolarization ratios which increase rapidly with age. This rapid transformation is consistent with the presence of atmospheric tar balls in the fresh plumes. C1 [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Burton, S. P.; Ferrare, R. A.; Hostetler, C. A.; Hair, J. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Molina, L. T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP de Foy, B (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM bdefoy@slu.edu RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010 OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922 FU US National Science Foundation [ATM-0511803, ATM-0810931, ATM-0810950]; Molina Center for Strategic Studies in Energy and the Environment; NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate; US Department of Energy (Office of Science, BER) [DE-AI02-05ER63985]; NASA FX The MILAGRO field campaign was supported by the Comision Ambiental Metropolitana of Mexico, NSF, DOE, NASA and USDA Forest Service among others. The financial support of the US National Science Foundation (awards ATM-0511803, ATM-0810931 and ATM-0810950) and the Molina Center for Strategic Studies in Energy and the Environment is gratefully acknowledged for this work.; We acknowledge the support of the NASA LaRC, NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate, and the NASA CALIPSO Project for funding the development of the HSRL instrument. The deployment of the HSRL in these field experiments were supported in part by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, BER, Grant DE-AI02-05ER63985). We also acknowledge the aircraft flight support provided by personnel in the NASA LaRC Research Services Directorate. NR 84 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3543 EP 3563 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3543-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750LN UT WOS:000289548200034 ER PT J AU Sodemann, H Pommier, M Arnold, SR Monks, SA Stebel, K Burkhart, JF Hair, JW Diskin, GS Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Hurtmans, D Schlager, H Blechschmidt, AM Kristjansson, JE Stohl, A AF Sodemann, H. Pommier, M. Arnold, S. R. Monks, S. A. Stebel, K. Burkhart, J. F. Hair, J. W. Diskin, G. S. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. -F. Hurtmans, D. Schlager, H. Blechschmidt, A. -M. Kristjansson, J. E. Stohl, A. TI Episodes of cross-polar transport in the Arctic troposphere during July 2008 as seen from models, satellite, and aircraft observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; AIR-POLLUTION; FAST-RESPONSE; CHEMISTRY; SUMMER; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; VERSION AB During the POLARCAT summer campaign in 2008, two episodes (2-5 July and 7-10 July 2008) occurred where low-pressure systems traveled from Siberia across the Arctic Ocean towards the North Pole. The two cyclones had extensive smoke plumes from Siberian forest fires and anthropogenic sources in East Asia embedded in their associated air masses, creating an excellent opportunity to use satellite and aircraft observations to validate the performance of atmospheric transport models in the Arctic, which is a challenging model domain due to numerical and other complications. Here we compare transport simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART and the Eulerian chemical transport model TOMCAT with retrievals of total column CO from the IASI passive infrared sensor onboard the MetOp-A satellite. The main aspect of the comparison is how realistic horizontal and vertical structures are represented in the model simulations. Analysis of CALIPSO lidar curtains and in situ aircraft measurements provide further independent reference points to assess how reliable the model simulations are and what the main limitations are. The horizontal structure of mid-latitude pollution plumes agrees well between the IASI total column CO and the model simulations. However, finer-scale structures are too quickly diffused in the Eulerian model. Applying the IASI averaging kernels to the model data is essential for a meaningful comparison. Using aircraft data as a reference suggests that the satellite data are biased high, while TOMCAT is biased low. FLEXPART fits the aircraft data rather well, but due to added background concentrations the simulation is not independent from observations. The multi-data, multi-model approach allows separating the influences of meteorological fields, model realisation, and grid type on the plume structure. In addition to the very good agreement between simulated and observed total column CO fields, the results also highlight the difficulty to identify a data set that most realistically represents the actual pollution state of the Arctic atmosphere. C1 [Sodemann, H.; Stebel, K.; Burkhart, J. F.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Pommier, M.; Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, UPMC, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Hair, J. W.; Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [Schlager, H.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Blechschmidt, A. -M.; Kristjansson, J. E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. RP Sodemann, H (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. EM hso@nilu.no RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Arnold, Steve/B-8856-2014; Stebel, Kerstin/F-6465-2013; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Stebel, Kerstin/0000-0002-6935-7564; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X FU Norwegian Research Council; NASA; SatLuft [C90283]; SRA; SAM; CNES; NOVELTIS; F.R.S.-FNRS (M.I.S.) [nF.4511.08]; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space Agency [C90-327] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Norwegian Research Council through the POLARCAT project. This is a contribution to the NASA ARCTAS science mission. The Norwegian Meteorological Service kindly provided access to the ECMWF data. Partial funding was provided by the SatLuft project (ESA PRODEX contract C90283). Thanks to EUFAR for funding the participation of SRA and SAM in the POLARCAT/ArcDAT campaign. IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES). It is flown onboard the MetOp-A satellite as part of the Eumetsat Polar system. The IASI L1 data are received through the Eumetcast near real time data distribution service. IASI L1 and L2 data are stored in the Ether French atmospheric database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr). MP has been supported by a grant from CNES and from NOVELTIS. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS (M. I. S. nF.4511.08), the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs and the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements C90-327). Financial support by the Communaute francaise de Belgique - Actions de Recherche Concertees is also acknowledged. CALIPSO data were obtained from the Atmospheric Sciences Data Center at NASA Langley Research Center. We thank M. P. Chipperfield for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their thorough and constructive reviews. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3631 EP 3651 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3631-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300005 ER PT J AU Shinozuka, Y Redemann, J Livingston, JM Russell, PB Clarke, AD Howell, SG Freitag, S O'Neill, NT Reid, EA Johnson, R Ramachandran, S McNaughton, CS Kapustin, VN Brekhovskikh, V Holben, BN McArthur, LJB AF Shinozuka, Y. Redemann, J. Livingston, J. M. Russell, P. B. Clarke, A. D. Howell, S. G. Freitag, S. O'Neill, N. T. Reid, E. A. Johnson, R. Ramachandran, S. McNaughton, C. S. Kapustin, V. N. Brekhovskikh, V. Holben, B. N. McArthur, L. J. B. TI Airborne observation of aerosol optical depth during ARCTAS: vertical profiles, inter-comparison and fine-mode fraction SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR; SUN PHOTOMETER; ACE-ASIA; MASS-SPECTROMETER; DESERT DUST; SOLVE-II; IN-SITU; AERONET AB We describe aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment, focusing on vertical profiles, inter-comparison with correlative observations and fine-mode fraction. Arctic haze observed in < 2 km and 2-4 km over Alaska in April 2008 originated mainly from anthropogenic emission and biomass burning, respectively, according to aerosol mass spectrometry and black carbon incandescence measurements. The Angstrom exponent for these air masses is 1.4 +/- 0.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.1, respectively, when derived at 499 nm from a second-order polynomial fit to the AOD spectra measured with the 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) over 354-2139 nm. We examine 55 vertical profiles selected from all phases of the experiment. For two thirds of them, the AOD spectra are within 3% + 0.02 of the vertical integral of local visible-light scattering and absorption. The horizontal structure of smoke plumes from local biomass burning observed in central Canada in June and July 2008 explains most outliers. The differences in mid-visible Angstrom exponent are < 0.10 for 63% of the profiles with 499-nm AOD > 0.1. The retrieved fine-mode fraction of AOD is mostly between 0.7 and 1.0, and its root mean square difference (in both directions) from column-integral submicron fraction (measured with nephelometers, absorption photometers and an impactor) is 0.12. These AOD measurements from the NASA P-3 aircraft, after compensation for below-aircraft light attenuation by vertical extrapolation, mostly fall within +/- 0.02 of AERONET ground-based measurements between 340-1640 nm for five overpass events. C1 [Shinozuka, Y.; Ramachandran, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shinozuka, Y.; Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Livingston, J. M.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Clarke, A. D.; Howell, S. G.; Freitag, S.; McNaughton, C. S.; Kapustin, V. N.; Brekhovskikh, V.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Reid, E. A.] Marine Meteorol Div, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Ramachandran, S.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McArthur, L. J. B.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Shinozuka, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM yohei.shinozuka@nasa.gov FU NASA [AATS-14, NNX08AF88G]; Ames Research Center FX We are particularly grateful to the support crews of the NASA P-3. We would also like to thank Jim Podolske, Jeff Reid, Tom Eck, Ihab Abboud, Lorraine Remer and Rich Kleidman for their input, and the AERONET and AEROCAN teams for maintaining the field instruments and processing the AERONET data. Yohei Shinozuka was partially supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. AATS-14 observations were funded by NASA grant NNX08AF88G. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3673 EP 3688 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3673-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300007 ER PT J AU Bousquet, P Ringeval, B Pison, I Dlugokencky, EJ Brunke, EG Carouge, C Chevallier, F Fortems-Cheiney, A Frankenberg, C Hauglustaine, DA Krummel, PB Langenfelds, RL Ramonet, M Schmidt, M Steele, LP Szopa, S Yver, C Viovy, N Ciais, P AF Bousquet, P. Ringeval, B. Pison, I. Dlugokencky, E. J. Brunke, E. -G. Carouge, C. Chevallier, F. Fortems-Cheiney, A. Frankenberg, C. Hauglustaine, D. A. Krummel, P. B. Langenfelds, R. L. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, M. Steele, L. P. Szopa, S. Yver, C. Viovy, N. Ciais, P. TI Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006-2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; METHYL CHLOROFORM; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; CH4; CO2; OH; CONSTRAINTS; INVERSIONS AB The recent increase of atmospheric methane is investigated by using two atmospheric inversions to quantify the distribution of sources and sinks for the 2006-2008 period, and a process-based model of methane emissions by natural wetland ecosystems. Methane emissions derived from the two inversions are consistent at a global scale: emissions are decreased in 2006 (-7 Tg) and increased in 2007 (+21 Tg) and 2008 (+18 Tg), as compared to the 1999-2006 period. The agreement on the latitudinal partition of the flux anomalies for the two inversions is fair in 2006, good in 2007, and not good in 2008. In 2007, a positive anomaly of tropical emissions is found to be the main contributor to the global emission anomalies (similar to 60-80%) for both inversions, with a dominant share attributed to natural wetlands (similar to 2/3), and a significant contribution from high latitudes (similar to 25%). The wetland ecosystem model produces smaller and more balanced positive emission anomalies between the tropics and the high latitudes for 2006, 2007 and 2008, mainly due to precipitation changes during these years. At a global scale, the agreement between the ecosystem model and the inversions is good in 2008 but not satisfying in 2006 and 2007. Tropical South America and Boreal Eurasia appear to be major contributors to variations in methane emissions consistently in the inversions and the ecosystem model. Finally, changes in OH radicals during 2006-2008 are found to be less than 1% in inversions, with only a small impact on the inferred methane emissions. C1 [Bousquet, P.; Ringeval, B.; Pison, I.; Carouge, C.; Chevallier, F.; Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Hauglustaine, D. A.; Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Szopa, S.; Yver, C.; Viovy, N.; Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bousquet, P.] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, Versailles, France. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Brunke, E. -G.] S African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Frankenberg, C.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Bousquet, P (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Ringeval, Bruno/0000-0001-8405-1304 FU French CNRS; EU; CNRS-INSU FX French Atomic agency (CEA) and Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) are to be thanked for providing computing time to this work. Part of this work is funded by French CNRS and by EU projects HYMN (Peter van Velthoven) and NITROEUROPE (inversion component: Peter Bergamaschi). We acknowledge G. Van der Werf for providing CH4 emissions from fires and J. Kaplan for providing the CH4 emission maps from wetlands, to the NITROEUROPE project. We acknowledge the TRANSCOM community for the region map used in this work. Nathalie de Noblet (LSCE) and Pierre Friedlingstein (University of Bristol/LSCE) must be thanked for fruitful discussion on ORCHIDEE model. C. Prigent (Paris observatory) and F. Papa (GISS/USA) can be thanked to have provided the inundation maps used in ORCHIDEE model for 1993-2000.; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 52 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 64 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3689 EP 3700 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3689-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300008 ER PT J AU Toyota, K McConnell, JC Lupu, A Neary, L McLinden, CA Richter, A Kwok, R Semeniuk, K Kaminski, JW Gong, SL Jarosz, J Chipperfield, MP Sioris, CE AF Toyota, K. McConnell, J. C. Lupu, A. Neary, L. McLinden, C. A. Richter, A. Kwok, R. Semeniuk, K. Kaminski, J. W. Gong, S. -L. Jarosz, J. Chipperfield, M. P. Sioris, C. E. TI Analysis of reactive bromine production and ozone depletion in the Arctic boundary layer using 3-D simulations with GEM-AQ: inference from synoptic-scale patterns SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR SUNRISE EXPERIMENT; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; SNOWMELT-ONSET DATES; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MULTIYEAR SEA-ICE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE AB Episodes of high bromine levels and surface ozone depletion in the springtime Arctic are simulated by an online air-quality model, GEM-AQ, with gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions of inorganic bromine species and a simple scheme of air-snowpack chemical interactions implemented for this study. Snowpack on sea ice is assumed to be the only source of bromine to the atmosphere and to be capable of converting relatively stable bromine species to photolabile Br-2 via air-snowpack interactions. A set of sensitivity model runs are performed for April 2001 at a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 kmx100 km in the Arctic, to provide insights into the effects of temperature and the age (first-year, FY, versus multi-year, MY) of sea ice on the release of reactive bromine to the atmosphere. The model simulations capture much of the temporal variations in surface ozone mixing ratios as observed at stations in the high Arctic and the synoptic-scale evolution of areas with enhanced BrO column amount ("BrO clouds") as estimated from satellite observations. The simulated "BrO clouds" are in modestly better agreement with the satellite measurements when the FY sea ice is assumed to be more efficient at releasing reactive bromine to the atmosphere than on the MY sea ice. Surface ozone data from coastal stations used in this study are not sufficient to evaluate unambiguously the difference between the FY sea ice and the MY sea ice as a source of bromine. The results strongly suggest that reactive bromine is released ubiquitously from the snow on the sea ice during the Arctic spring while the timing and location of the bromine release are largely controlled by meteorological factors. It appears that a rapid advection and an enhanced turbulent diffusion associated with strong boundary-layer winds drive transport and dispersion of ozone to the near-surface air over the sea ice, increasing the oxidation rate of bromide (Br-) in the surface snow. Also, if indeed the surface snowpack does supply most of the reactive bromine in the Arctic boundary layer, it appears to be capable of releasing reactive bromine at temperatures as high as -10 degrees C, particularly on the sea ice in the central and eastern Arctic Ocean. Dynamically-induced BrO column variability in the lower-most stratosphere appears to interfere with the use of satellite BrO column measurements for interpreting BrO variability in the lower troposphere but probably not to the extent of totally obscuring "BrO clouds" that originate from the surface snow/ice source of bromine in the high Arctic. A budget analysis of the simulated air-surface exchange of bromine compounds suggests that a "bromine explosion" occurs in the interstitial air of the snowpack and/or is accelerated by heterogeneous reactions on the surface of wind-blown snow in ambient air, both of which are not represented explicitly in our simple model but could have been approximated by a parameter adjustment for the yield of Br2 from the trigger. C1 [Toyota, K.; McConnell, J. C.; Lupu, A.; Neary, L.; Semeniuk, K.; Kaminski, J. W.; Jarosz, J.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Toyota, K.; McLinden, C. A.; Gong, S. -L.; Sioris, C. E.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Kwok, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chipperfield, M. P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Toyota, K (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. EM kenjiro.toyota@ec.gc.ca RI Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Toyota, Kenjiro/D-7044-2012; OI Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Toyota, Kenjiro/0000-0001-9280-5305; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario Ministry of the Environment; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Bremen; European Union; UK NCEO FX We thank A. Hussain and M. Neish for their assistance with computer programing for GEM-AQ, E. Chan of Environment Canada for providing surface ozone data from Alert, A. Platt of Environment Canada for the maintenance of meteorological equipments at Alert GAW station, and A.-G. Hjellbrekke of Norwegian Institute for Air Research for providing meteorological data from Zeppelin. Surface ozone data for Barrow and Summit were obtained from NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/) and for Zeppelin from the EMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre at Norwegian Institute of Air Research (http://tarantula.nilu.no/projects/ccc/emepdata.html). Ozonesonde data were obtained from World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/e/WOUDC.htm). We also thank M. Samaali and J. Racine of the Canadian Meteorological Centre for assistance with back-trajectory analysis. KT is indebted to L. Kaleschke, T. L. Zhao, H. K. Roscoe, A. Dastoor, D. Durnford, T. Kikuchi, J. Inoue, J. Zhang and B. Johnson for useful comments and discussion. This study was supported by Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Analysis of the GOME BrO data was funded by the University of Bremen and the European Union THALOZ project. The SLIMCAT modeling work at Leads was supported by the UK NCEO. NR 178 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3949 EP 3979 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3949-2011 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300026 ER PT J AU Worden, J Noone, D Galewsky, J Bailey, A Bowman, K Brown, D Hurley, J Kulawik, S Lee, J Strong, M AF Worden, J. Noone, D. Galewsky, J. Bailey, A. Bowman, K. Brown, D. Hurley, J. Kulawik, S. Lee, J. Strong, M. TI Estimate of bias in Aura TES HDO/H2O profiles from comparison of TES and in situ HDO/H2O measurements at the Mauna Loa observatory SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; STRATOSPHERIC DEUTERATED WATER; VAPOR ISOTOPOLOGUES; IMG/ADEOS DATA; RATIOS; HDO; VALIDATION; O-18/O-16; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT AB The Aura satellite Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument is capable of measuring the HDO/H2O ratio in the lower troposphere using thermal infrared radiances between 1200 and 1350 cm(-1). However, direct validation of these measurements is challenging due to a lack of in situ measured vertical profiles of the HDO/H2O ratio that are spatially and temporally co-located with the TES observations. From 11 October through 5 November 2008, we undertook a campaign to measure HDO and H2O at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii for comparison with TES observations. The Mauna Loa observatory is situated at 3.1 km above sea level or approximately 680 hPa, which is approximately the altitude where the TES HDO/H2O observations show the most sensitivity. Another advantage of comparing in situ data from this site to estimates derived from thermal IR radiances is that the volcanic rock is heated by sunlight during the day, thus providing significant thermal contrast between the surface and atmosphere; this thermal contrast increases the sensitivity to near surface estimates of tropospheric trace gases. The objective of this inter-comparison is to better characterize a bias in the TES HDO data, which had been previously estimated to be approximately 5% too high for a column integrated value between 850 hPa and 500 hPa. We estimate that the TES HDO profiles should be corrected downwards by approximately 4.8% and 6.3% for Versions 3 and 4 of the data respectively. These corrections must account for the vertical sensitivity of the TES HDO estimates. We estimate that the precision of this bias correction is approximately 1.9%. The accuracy is driven by the corrections applied to the in situ HDO and H2O measurements using flask data taken during the inter-comparison campaign and is estimated to be less than 1 %. Future comparisons of TES data to accurate vertical profiles of in situ measurements are needed to refine this bias estimate. C1 [Worden, J.; Bowman, K.; Kulawik, S.; Lee, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Noone, D.; Bailey, A.; Brown, D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Galewsky, J.; Hurley, J.; Strong, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Worden, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM john.worden@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lee, Jeonghoon/E-8116-2010; Bailey, Adriana/J-2066-2015 OI Lee, Jeonghoon/0000-0002-1256-4431; Bailey, Adriana/0000-0002-2614-1560 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF [ATM-084018, ATM-0840129] FX We would like to thank Jung-Eun Lee and Christian Frankenberg for helpful comments. The work described here is performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contracts from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The NASA ROSES Aura Science Team NNH07ZDA001N-AST 07-AST07-0069 contributed to the support of the analysis. The Mauna Loa field program was supported by NSF Grants ATM-084018 to Joe Galewsky and ATM-0840129 to David Noone. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 9 BP 4491 EP 4503 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4491-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764GT UT WOS:000290618600030 ER PT J AU Stavrakou, T Guenther, A Razavi, A Clarisse, L Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Hurtmans, D Karagulian, F De Maziere, M Vigouroux, C Amelynck, C Schoon, N Laffineur, Q Heinesch, B Aubinet, M Rinsland, C Muller, JF AF Stavrakou, T. Guenther, A. Razavi, A. Clarisse, L. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. -F. Hurtmans, D. Karagulian, F. De Maziere, M. Vigouroux, C. Amelynck, C. Schoon, N. Laffineur, Q. Heinesch, B. Aubinet, M. Rinsland, C. Muller, J. -F. TI First space-based derivation of the global atmospheric methanol emission fluxes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; GROUND-BASED FTIR; COMPOUND EMISSIONS; FORMALDEHYDE COLUMNS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB This study provides improved methanol emission estimates on the global scale, in particular for the largest methanol source, the terrestrial biosphere, and for biomass burning. To this purpose, one complete year of spaceborne measurements of tropospheric methanol columns retrieved for the first time by the thermal infrared sensor IASI aboard the MetOp satellite are compared with distributions calculated by the IMAGESv2 global chemistry-transport model. Two model simulations are performed using a priori biogenic methanol emissions either from the new MEGANv2.1 emission model, which is fully described in this work and is based on net ecosystem flux measurements, or from a previous parameterization based on net primary production by Jacob et al. (2005). A significantly better model performance in terms of both amplitude and seasonality is achieved through the use of MEGANv2.1 in most world regions, with respect to IASI data, and to surface- and air-based methanol measurements, even though important discrepancies over several regions are still present. As a second step of this study, we combine the MEGANv2.1 and the IASI column abundances over continents in an inverse modelling scheme based on the adjoint of the IMAGESv2 model to generate an improved global methanol emission source. The global optimized source totals 187 Tg yr(-1) with a contribution of 100 Tg yr(-1) from plants, only slightly lower than the a priori MEGANv2.1 value of 105 Tg yr(-1). Large decreases with respect to the MEGANv2.1 biogenic source are inferred over Amazonia (up to 55 %) and Indonesia (up to 58 %), whereas more moderate reductions are recorded in the Eastern US (20-25 %) and Central Africa (25-35 %). On the other hand, the biogenic source is found to strongly increase in the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia (up to a factor of 5) and Western US (factor of 2), probably due to a source of methanol specific to these ecosystems which is unaccounted for in the MEGANv2.1 inventory. The most significant error reductions achieved by the optimization concern the derived biogenic emissions over the Amazon and over the Former Soviet Union. The robustness of the derived fluxes to changes in convective updraft fluxes, in methanol removal processes, and in the choice of the biogenic a priori inventory is assessed through sensitivity inversions. Detailed comparisons of the model with a number of aircraft and surface observations of methanol, as well as new methanol measurements in Europe and in the Reunion Island show that the satellite-derived methanol emissions improve significantly the agreement with the independent data, giving thus credence to the IASI dataset. C1 [Stavrakou, T.; De Maziere, M.; Vigouroux, C.; Amelynck, C.; Schoon, N.; Muller, J. -F.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Guenther, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Razavi, A.; Clarisse, L.; Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.; Karagulian, F.] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS,IPSL, Paris, France. [Laffineur, Q.; Heinesch, B.; Aubinet, M.] Univ Liege, Unite Phys Biosyst, Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Rinsland, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Stavrakou, T (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Ave Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM jenny@aeronomie.be RI Clarisse, Lieven/C-3933-2011; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Clarisse, Lieven/0000-0002-8805-2141; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 FU Belgian Science Policy Office; Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [FRS-FNRS F.4511.08] FX IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). It is flown onboard the Metop satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. This work has been supported by the PRODEX programme of the European Space Agency funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office and the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS F.4511.08). NR 102 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4873 EP 4898 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4873-2011 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500021 ER PT J AU Nair, PJ Godin-Beekmann, S Pazmino, A Hauchecorne, A Ancellet, G Petropavlovskikh, I Flynn, LE Froidevaux, L AF Nair, P. J. Godin-Beekmann, S. Pazmino, A. Hauchecorne, A. Ancellet, G. Petropavlovskikh, I. Flynn, L. E. Froidevaux, L. TI Coherence of long-term stratospheric ozone vertical distribution time series used for the study of ozone recovery at a northern mid-latitude station SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; DIAL MEASUREMENTS; DATA SET; SAGE-II; TRENDS; PROFILES; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; UMKEHR; UNCERTAINTIES AB The coherence of stratospheric ozone time series retrieved from various observational records is investigated at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP-43.93 degrees N, 5.71 degrees E). The analysis is accomplished through the intercomparison of collocated ozone measurements of Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) with Solar Backscatter UltraViolet(/2) (SBUV(/2)), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Aura and Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) satellite observations as well as with in situ ozonesondes and ground-based Umkehr measurements performed at OHP. A detailed statistical study of the relative differences of ozone observations over the whole stratosphere is performed to detect any specific drift in the data. On average, all instruments show their best agreement with lidar at 20-40 km, where deviations are within +/- 5%. Discrepancies are somewhat higher below 20 and above 40 km. The agreement with SAGE II data is remarkable since average differences are within +/- 1% at 1741 km. In contrast, Umkehr data underestimate systematically the lidar measurements in the whole stratosphere with a near zero bias at 16-8 hPa (similar to 30 km). Drifts are estimated using simple linear regression for the data sets analysed in this study, from the monthly averaged difference time series. The derived values are less than +/- 0.5% yr-1 in the 20-40 km altitude range and most drifts are not significant at the 2 sigma level. We also discuss the possibilities of extending the SAGE II and HALOE data with the GOMOS and Aura MLS data in consideration with relative offsets and drifts since the combination of such data sets are likely to be used for the study of stratospheric ozone recovery in the future. C1 [Nair, P. J.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Pazmino, A.; Hauchecorne, A.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Flynn, L. E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Nair, PJ (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France. EM gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994 FU GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the Atmosphere); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We would like to thank Cathy Boonne for maintaining ETHER data cluster, the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) and the NASA Langley Radiation and Aerosols Branch for providing SAGE II data and, the collaborative institutes of the NASA Langley Research Center for maintaining HALOE data. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data used in this publication were obtained as part of the NDACC and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org). The data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). This work is supported by a funding from the GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the Atmosphere) European project. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4957 EP 4975 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4957-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500026 ER PT J AU Oreopoulos, L Norris, PM AF Oreopoulos, L. Norris, P. M. TI An analysis of cloud overlap at a midlatitude atmospheric observation facility SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; RADAR DATA; REPRESENTATION; FIELDS AB An analysis of cloud overlap based on high temporal and vertical resolution retrievals of cloud condensate from a suite of ground instruments is performed at a mid-latitude atmospheric observation facility. Two facets of overlap are investigated: cloud fraction overlap, expressed in terms of a parameter "alpha" indicating the relative contributions of maximum and random overlap, and overlap of horizontal distributions of condensate, expressed in terms of the correlation coefficient of condensate ranks. The degree of proximity to the random and maximum overlap assumptions is also expressed in terms of a decorrelation length, a convenient scalar parameter for overlap parameters assumed to decay exponentially with separation distance. Both cloud fraction overlap and condensate overlap show significant seasonal variations with a clear tendency for more maximum overlap in the summer months. More maximum overlap is also generally observed when the domain size used to define cloud fractions increases. These tendencies also exist for rank correlations, but are significantly weaker. Hitherto unexplored overlap parameter dependencies are investigated by analyzing mean parameter differences at fixed separation distance within different layers of the atmospheric column, and by searching for possible systematic relationships between alpha and rank correlation. We find that for the same separation distance the overlap parameters are significantly distinct in different atmospheric layers, and that random cloud fraction overlap is usually associated with more randomly overlapped condensate ranks. C1 [Oreopoulos, L.] NASA GSFC, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Norris, P. M.] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Norris, P. M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. RP Oreopoulos, L (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lazaros.oreopoulos@nasa.gov RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Norris, Peter/H-2008-2012 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Norris, Peter/0000-0001-6807-9884 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division [DE-FG02-07ER64354]; NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction and CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division as part of the ARM program under grant DE-FG02-07ER64354, and by the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction and CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team Recompete programs managed by David Considine. We would like to thank Mike Jensen and Maureen Dunn of Brookhaven National Lab for generating and providing the MICROBASE data used in our analysis. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 5557 EP 5567 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5557-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781NK UT WOS:000291939800002 ER PT J AU Sessions, WR Fuelberg, HE Kahn, RA Winker, DM AF Sessions, W. R. Fuelberg, H. E. Kahn, R. A. Winker, D. M. TI An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BLACK CARBON; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; SCALE TRANSPORT AB The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) is considered a "next generation" mesoscale meteorology model. The inclusion of a chemistry module (WRF-Chem) allows transport simulations of chemical and aerosol species such as those observed during NASA's Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) in 2008. The ARCTAS summer deployment phase during June and July coincided with large boreal wildfires in Saskatchewan and Eastern Russia. One of the most important aspects of simulating wildfire plume transport is the height at which emissions are injected. WRF-Chem contains an integrated one-dimensional plume rise model to determine the appropriate injection layer. The plume rise model accounts for thermal buoyancy associated with fires and local atmospheric stability. This paper describes a case study of a 10 day period during the Spring phase of ARCTAS. It compares results from the plume model against those of two more traditional injection methods: Injecting within the planetary boundary layer, and in a layer 3-5 km above ground level. Fire locations are satellite derived from the GOES Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) and the MODIS thermal hotspot detection. Two methods for preprocessing these fire data are compared: The prep chem sources method included with WRF-Chem, and the Naval Research Laboratory's Fire Locating and Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE). Results from the simulations are compared with satellite-derived products from the AIRS, MISR and CALIOP sensors. When FLAMBE provides input to the 1-D plume rise model, the resulting injection heights exhibit the best agreement with satellite-observed injection heights. The FLAMBE-derived heights are more realistic than those utilizing prep chem sources. Conversely, when the planetary boundary layer or the 3-5 km a. g. l. layer were filled with emissions, the resulting injection heights exhibit less agreement with observed plume heights. Results indicate that differences in injection heights produce different transport pathways. These differences are especially pronounced in area of strong vertical wind shear and when the integration period is long. C1 [Sessions, W. R.; Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kahn, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Winker, D. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Fuelberg, HE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM hfuelberg@fsu.edu RI Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Sessions, Walter/O-8096-2014 OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Sessions, Walter/0000-0002-5376-4894 FU NASA [NNX08AH72G] FX This research was sponsored by NASA's Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program through Grant NNX08AH72G to Florida State University. We appreciate the helpful information provided by Michael Fromm and Juying Warner. We also appreciate the assistance of the many individuals who made ARCTAS a success - the ground crew, pilots, supporting staff, and other members of the ARCTAS Science Team. Two anonymous reviewers as well as Maria Val Martin provided valuable information that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 111 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 5719 EP 5744 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5719-2011 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781NK UT WOS:000291939800012 ER PT J AU Myriokefalitakis, S Tsigaridis, K Mihalopoulos, N Sciare, J Nenes, A Kawamura, K Segers, A Kanakidou, M AF Myriokefalitakis, S. Tsigaridis, K. Mihalopoulos, N. Sciare, J. Nenes, A. Kawamura, K. Segers, A. Kanakidou, M. TI In-cloud oxalate formation in the global troposphere: a 3-D modeling study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI CCN; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AQUEOUS-PHASE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; URBAN ATMOSPHERE AB Organic acids attract increasing attention as contributors to atmospheric acidity, secondary organic aerosol mass and aerosol hygroscopicity. Oxalic acid is globally the most abundant dicarboxylic acid, formed via chemical oxidation of gas-phase precursors in the aqueous phase of aerosols and droplets. Its lifecycle and atmospheric global distribution remain highly uncertain and are the focus of this study. The first global spatial and temporal distribution of oxalate, simulated using a state-of-the-art aqueous-phase chemical scheme embedded within the global 3-dimensional chemistry/transport model TM4-ECPL, is here presented. The model accounts for comprehensive gas-phase chemistry and its coupling with major aerosol constituents (including secondary organic aerosol). Model results are consistent with ambient observations of oxalate at rural and remote locations (slope = 1.16 +/- 0.14, r(2) = 0.36, N = 114) and suggest that aqueous-phase chemistry contributes significantly to the global atmospheric burden of secondary organic aerosol. In TM4-ECPL most oxalate is formed in-cloud and less than 5% is produced in aerosol water. About 62% of the oxalate is removed via wet deposition, 30% by in-cloud reaction with hydroxyl radical, 4% by in-cloud reaction with nitrate radical and 4% by dry deposition. The in-cloud global oxalate net chemical production is calculated to be about 21-37 Tgyr(-1) with almost 79% originating from biogenic hydrocarbons, mainly isoprene. This condensed phase net source of oxalate in conjunction with a global mean turnover time against deposition of about 5 days, maintain oxalate's global tropospheric burden of 0.2-0.3 Tg, i.e. 0.05-0.1 Tg-C that is about 5-9% of model-calculated water soluble organic carbon burden. C1 [Myriokefalitakis, S.; Mihalopoulos, N.; Kanakidou, M.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Myriokefalitakis, S.; Nenes, A.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc ICE HT, Patras 26504, Greece. [Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Sciare, J.] CNRS CEA, LSCE, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kawamura, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Segers, A.] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, Dept Air Qual & Climate, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Kanakidou, M (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Greece. EM mariak@chemistry.uoc.gr RI Kawamura, Kimitaka/B-3839-2011; Kanakidou, Maria/D-7882-2012; Tsigaridis, Kostas/K-8292-2012; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016; Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/J-3701-2014 OI Kanakidou, Maria/0000-0002-1724-9692; Tsigaridis, Kostas/0000-0001-5328-819X; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896; Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/0000-0002-1541-7680 FU EUCAARI (European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate Air Quality Interactions); PEGASOS (Pan-European Gas-AeroSOls-climate interaction Study); PENED [03ED373]; EU; Greek Ministry of Development - GSRT; French Polar Institute (IPEV) FX This work was supported by the EUCAARI (European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate Air Quality Interactions), the PEGASOS (Pan-European Gas-AeroSOls-climate interaction Study) and its presentation has been facilitated by the ACCENT (Atmospheric Composition Change - The European Network of Excellence). S. M. acknowledges support by a PENED 03ED373 grant co-financed by EU-European Social Fund (75%) and the Greek Ministry of Development - GSRT (25%) at early stages of this work. Measurements performed at Amsterdam Island were supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV) within the AEROTRACE program. We would like to thank D. Simpson, C. A. Pio and CARBOSOL (Present and retrospective state of organic versus inorganic aerosol over Europe: implication for climate) consortium for data availability. We thank F. J. Dentener and M. Krol for helpful recommendations concerning model development, E. Gerasopoulos for statistical analysis, R. Volkamer for useful discussions and B. Ervens for constructive comments on the aqueous phase chemical scheme. NR 142 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 5761 EP 5782 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5761-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781NK UT WOS:000291939800014 ER PT J AU Voulgarakis, A Telford, PJ Aghedo, AM Braesicke, P Faluvegi, G Abraham, NL Bowman, KW Pyle, JA Shindell, DT AF Voulgarakis, A. Telford, P. J. Aghedo, A. M. Braesicke, P. Faluvegi, G. Abraham, N. L. Bowman, K. W. Pyle, J. A. Shindell, D. T. TI Global multi-year O-3-CO correlation patterns from models and TES satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; TRACE GAS CORRELATIONS; OZONE-CO CORRELATIONS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SURFACE OZONE; REGIONAL-SCALE AB The correlation between measured tropospheric ozone (O-3) and carbon monoxide (CO) has been used extensively in tropospheric chemistry studies to explore the photochemical characteristics of different regions and to evaluate the ability of models to capture these characteristics. Here, we present the first study that uses multi-year, global, vertically resolved, simultaneous and collocated O-3 and CO satellite (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) measurements, to determine this correlation in the middle/lower free troposphere for two different seasons, and to evaluate two chemistry-climate models. We find results that are fairly robust across different years, altitudes and timescales considered, which indicates that the correlation maps presented here could be used in future model evaluations. The highest positive correlations (around 0.8) are found in the northern Pacific during summer, which is a common feature in the observations and the G-PUCCINI model. We make quantitative comparisons between the models using a single-figure metric (C), which we define as the correlation coefficient between the modeled and the observed O-3-CO correlations for different regions of the globe. On a global scale, the G-PUCCINI model shows a good performance in the summer (C = 0.71) and a satisfactory performance in the winter (C = 0.52). It captures midlatitude features very well, especially in the summer, whereas the performance in regions like South America or Central Africa is weaker. The UKCA model (C = 0.46/0.15 for July-August/December-January on a global scale) performs better in certain regions, such as the tropics in winter, and it captures some of the broad characteristics of summer extratropical correlations, but it systematically underestimates the O-3-CO correlations over much of the globe. It is noteworthy that the correlations look very different in the two models, even though the ozone distributions are similar. This demonstrates that this technique provides a powerful global constraint for understanding modeled tropospheric chemical processes. We investigated the sources of the correlations by performing a series of sensitivity experiments. In these, the sign of the correlation is, in most cases, insensitive to removing different individual emissions, but its magnitude changes downwind of emission regions when applying such perturbations. Interestingly, we find that the O-3-CO correlation does not solely reflect the strength of O-3 photochemical production, as often assumed by earlier studies, but is more complicated and may reflect a mixture of different processes such as transport. C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Voulgarakis, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Telford, P. J.; Braesicke, P.; Abraham, N. L.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Aghedo, A. M.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM avoulgarakis@giss.nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016 OI Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619 FU NASA; NCAS-Climate; NCEO (UK) FX We wish to thank NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, NCAS-Climate and NCEO (UK) for supporting this work. We would also like to thank Jennifer Logan and Lin Zhang (Harvard) for the stimulating discussions on this project. NR 102 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 5819 EP 5838 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5819-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781NK UT WOS:000291939800017 ER PT J AU Nassar, R Jones, DBA Kulawik, SS Worden, JR Bowman, KW Andres, RJ Suntharalingam, P Chen, JM Brenninkmeijer, CAM Schuck, TJ Conway, TJ Worthy, DE AF Nassar, R. Jones, D. B. A. Kulawik, S. S. Worden, J. R. Bowman, K. W. Andres, R. J. Suntharalingam, P. Chen, J. M. Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. Schuck, T. J. Conway, T. J. Worthy, D. E. TI Inverse modeling of CO2 sources and sinks using satellite observations of CO2 from TES and surface flask measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; UPDATED EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OBSERVING SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; AIRCRAFT AB We infer CO2 surface fluxes using satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and measurements of CO2 from surface flasks in a time-independent inversion analysis based on the GEOS-Chem model. Using TES CO2 observations over oceans, spanning 40 degrees S-40 degrees N, we find that the horizontal and vertical coverage of the TES and flask data are complementary. This complementarity is demonstrated by combining the datasets in a joint inversion, which provides better constraints than from either dataset alone, when a posteriori CO2 distributions are evaluated against independent ship and aircraft CO2 data. In particular, the joint inversion offers improved constraints in the tropics where surface measurements are sparse, such as the tropical forests of South America. Aggregating the annual surface-to-atmosphere fluxes from the joint inversion for the year 2006 yields -1.13 +/- 0.21 PgC for the global ocean, -2.77 +/- 0.20 PgC for the global land biosphere and -3.90 +/- 0.29 PgC for the total global natural flux (defined as the sum of all biospheric, oceanic, and biomass burning contributions but excluding CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion). These global ocean and global land fluxes are shown to be near the median of the broad range of values from other inversion results for 2006. To achieve these results, a bias in TES CO2 in the Southern Hemisphere was assessed and corrected using aircraft flask data, and we demonstrate that our results have low sensitivity to variations in the bias correction approach. Overall, this analysis suggests that future carbon data assimilation systems can benefit by integrating in situ and satellite observations of CO2 and that the vertical information provided by satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 combined with measurements of surface CO2, provides an important additional constraint for flux inversions. C1 [Nassar, R.; Worthy, D. E.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Nassar, R.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J. R.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Suntharalingam, P.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 2E5, Canada. [Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Schuck, T. J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Div, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Conway, T. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nassar, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca RI ANDRES, ROBERT/B-9786-2012; Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611; Schuck, Tanja/0000-0002-1380-3684 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology FX Work at the University of Toronto was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology was carried out under contract to NASA. We especially thank T. Machida and H. Matsueda of the CONTRAIL project for providing their aircraft CO2 flask data for this work. Thanks to all of those who have contributed to the Carboscope (www.carboscope.eu) and CarbonTracker (www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/carbontracker) websites for these excellent resources that make CO2 flux inversion results publicly available. Lastly, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 90 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 6029 EP 6047 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6029-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 784UJ UT WOS:000292183400007 ER PT J AU Liu, C Beirle, S Butler, T Liu, J Hoor, P Jockel, P de Vries, MP Pozzer, A Frankenberg, C Lawrence, MG Lelieveld, J Platt, U Wagner, T AF Liu, C. Beirle, S. Butler, T. Liu, J. Hoor, P. Joeckel, P. de Vries, M. Penning Pozzer, A. Frankenberg, C. Lawrence, M. G. Lelieveld, J. Platt, U. Wagner, T. TI Application of SCIAMACHY and MOPITT CO total column measurements to evaluate model results over biomass burning regions and Eastern China SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUBMODEL SYSTEM MESSY; GLOBAL CARBON-MONOXIDE; TECHNICAL NOTE; WFM-DOAS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; ONBOARD ENVISAT; TRACE GASES; CH4 AB We developed a new CO vertical column density product from near IR observations of the SCIAMACHY instrument onboard ENVISAT. For the correction of a temporally and spatially variable offset of the CO vertical column densities we apply a normalisation procedure based on coincident MOPITT (version 4) observations over the oceans. The resulting normalised SCIAMACHY CO data is well suited for the investigation of the CO distribution over continents, where important emission sources are located. We use only SCIAMACHY observations for effective cloud fractions below 20 %. Since the remaining effects of clouds can still be large (up to 100 %), we applied a cloud correction scheme which explicitly considers the cloud fraction, cloud top height and surface albedo of individual observations. The normalisation procedure using MOPITT data and the cloud correction substantially improve the agreement with independent data sets. We compared our new SCIAMACHY CO data set, and also observations from the MOPITT instrument, to the results from three global atmospheric chemistry models (MATCH, EMAC at low and high resolution, and GEOS-Chem); the focus of this comparison is on regions with strong CO emissions (from biomass burning or anthropogenic sources). The comparison indicates that over most of these regions the seasonal cycle is generally captured well but the simulated CO vertical column densities are systematically smaller than those from the satellite observations, in particular with respect to SCIAMACHY observations. Because SCIAMACHY is more sensitive to the lowest part of the atmosphere compared to MOPITT, this indicates that especially close to the surface the model simulations systematically underestimate the true atmospheric CO concentrations, probably caused by an underestimation of CO emissions by current emission inventories. For some biomass burning regions, however, such as Central Africa in July-August, model results are also found to be higher than the satellite observations. C1 [Liu, C.; Beirle, S.; Butler, T.; Hoor, P.; Joeckel, P.; de Vries, M. Penning; Pozzer, A.; Lawrence, M. G.; Lelieveld, J.; Wagner, T.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Liu, J.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Pozzer, A.; Lelieveld, J.] Cyprus Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Platt, U.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. EM thomas.wagner@mpic.de RI Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Butler, Tim/G-1139-2011; Penning de Vries, Marloes/H-8835-2012; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Pozzer, Andrea/L-4872-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; hoor, peter/G-5421-2010; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Penning de Vries, Marloes/0000-0002-2257-1037; Pozzer, Andrea/0000-0003-2440-6104; hoor, peter/0000-0001-6582-6864; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA; German French DFG/INSU-CNRS; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX MODIS albedo data were obtained from NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/ALBEDO/. ATSR fire counts were obtained from European Space Agency, http://shark1.esrin.esa.it/ionia/FIRE/. The GEOS-Chem simulation was carried out at the Atmospheric Physics and Composition Modelling Group led by Dylan B. Jones of the University of Toronto. J. L. is grateful to Prof. Jones for his generous help. The GEOS-Chem model is managed at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. We want to thank A. Gloudemans for fruitful discussions. Peter Hoor was funded by the German French DFG/INSU-CNRS project POMODORO. Part of the research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. TCCON data were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology from the website at http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/(Wunsch et al., 2011). Additional FTIR data used in this publication were obtained as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org). We thank Jos de Laat for his very helpful and constructive comments and for his help in getting access to additional FTIR data. NR 77 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 6083 EP 6114 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6083-2011 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 784UJ UT WOS:000292183400010 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Hegglin, MI Daffer, WH Santee, ML Ray, EA Pawson, S Schwartz, MJ Boone, CD Froidevaux, L Livesey, NJ Read, WG Walker, KA AF Manney, G. L. Hegglin, M. I. Daffer, W. H. Santee, M. L. Ray, E. A. Pawson, S. Schwartz, M. J. Boone, C. D. Froidevaux, L. Livesey, N. J. Read, W. G. Walker, K. A. TI Jet characterization in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS): applications to climatology and transport studies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE REGION; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; CHANGING CLIMATE; MASS-EXCHANGE; WESTERLY JET; PART I; OZONE AB A method of classifying the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UTLS) jets has been developed that allows satellite and aircraft trace gas data and meteorological fields to be efficiently mapped in a jet coordinate view. A detailed characterization of multiple tropopauses accompanies the jet characterization. Jet climatologies show the well-known high altitude subtropical and lower altitude polar jets in the upper troposphere, as well as a pattern of concentric polar and subtropical jets in the Southern Hemisphere, and shifts of the primary jet to high latitudes associated with blocking ridges in Northern Hemisphere winter. The jet-coordinate view segregates air masses differently than the commonly-used equivalent latitude (EqL) coordinate throughout the lowermost stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. Mapping O-3 data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite and the Winter Storms aircraft datasets in jet coordinates thus emphasizes different aspects of the circulation compared to an EqL-coordinate framework: the jet coordinate reorders the data geometrically, thus highlighting the strong PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the subtropical jet, whereas EqL is a dynamical coordinate that may blur these spatial relationships but provides information on irreversible transport. The jet coordinate view identifies the concentration of stratospheric ozone well below the tropopause in the region pole-ward of and below the jet core, as well as other transport features associated with the upper tropospheric jets. Using the jet information in EqL coordinates allows us to study trace gas distributions in regions of weak versus strong jets, and demonstrates weaker transport barriers in regions with less jet influence. MLS and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer trace gas fields for spring 2008 in jet coordinates show very strong, closely correlated, PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the jet, and evidence of intrusions of stratospheric air below the tropopause below and poleward of the subtropical jet; these features are consistent between instruments and among multiple trace gases. Our characterization of the jets is facilitating studies that will improve our understanding of upper tropospheric trace gas evolution. C1 [Manney, G. L.; Daffer, W. H.; Santee, M. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Froidevaux, L.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hegglin, M. I.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ray, E. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gloria.l.manney@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017 OI Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; CSA through the C-SPARC network FX Thanks to the MLS team (especially Ryan Fuller, Brian W. Knosp, Brian J. Mills, and Robert P. Thurstans) and the ACE Team (especially Sean McLeod and Ryan Hughes) for their continuing support and assistance. Thanks to NASA's GMAO for providing their assimilated data products. Thanks to Kirstin Kruger, Karen Rosenlof, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Dylan Jones, Ken Minschwaner, Michael Sigmond, Laura Pan, Cameron Homeyer and Ted Shepherd for many valuable discussions, and to the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL/Caltech), was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The lead author's copyright for this publication is transferred to JPL/Caltech. Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. MIH has been supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the CSA through the C-SPARC network. NR 82 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 6115 EP 6137 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6115-2011 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 784UJ UT WOS:000292183400011 ER PT J AU Knobelspiesse, K Cairns, B Redemann, J Bergstrom, RW Stohl, A AF Knobelspiesse, K. Cairns, B. Redemann, J. Bergstrom, R. W. Stohl, A. TI Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and cloud properties during the MILAGRO field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; SURFACE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEXICO-CITY; POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHOTOPOLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; SUBSTANCES HULIS; CLAMS EXPERIMENT AB Estimation of Direct Climate Forcing (DCF) due to aerosols in cloudy areas has historically been a difficult task, mainly because of a lack of appropriate measurements. Recently, passive remote sensing instruments have been developed that have the potential to retrieve both cloud and aerosol properties using polarimetric, multiple view angle, and multi spectral observations, and therefore determine DCF from aerosols above clouds. One such instrument is the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), an airborne prototype of a sensor on the NASA Glory satellite, which unfortunately failed to reach orbit during its launch in March of 2011. In the spring of 2006, the RSP was deployed on an aircraft based in Veracruz, Mexico, as part of the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign. On 13 March, the RSP over flew an aerosol layer lofted above a low altitude marine stratocumulus cloud close to shore in the Gulf of Mexico. We investigate the feasibility of retrieving aerosol properties over clouds using these data. Our approach is to first determine cloud droplet size distribution using the angular location of the cloud bow and other features in the polarized reflectance. The selected cloud was then used in a multiple scattering radiative transfer model optimization to determine the aerosol optical properties and fine tune the cloud size distribution. In this scene, we were able to retrieve aerosol optical depth, the fine mode aerosol size distribution parameters and the cloud droplet size distribution parameters to a degree of accuracy required for climate modeling. This required assumptions about the aerosol vertical distribution and the optical properties of the coarse aerosol size mode. A sensitivity study was also performed to place this study in the context of future systematic scanning polarimeter observations, which found that the aerosol complex refractive index can also be observed accurately if the aerosol optical depth is larger than roughly 0.8 at a wavelength of (0.555 mu m). C1 [Knobelspiesse, K.; Cairns, B.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Redemann, J.; Bergstrom, R. W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Redemann, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. RP Knobelspiesse, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM kirk.d.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU US National Science Foundation; NASA FX The first author acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation, through a Fellowship in the IGERT Joint Program in Applied Mathematics and Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University at the time of the MILAGRO field campaign. His graduate studies were also funded by the NASA Glory project. Currently, he is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. RSP participation during the MILAGRO field campaign was funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, managed by Dr. Hal Maring. MODIS imagery was provided by the NASA GSFC Rapid Response System. Thanks to the many who helped collect the data used in this study: Edgar Russell was the RSP engineer, Ben Hovelman was the J-31 pilot, Roy Johnson and Nicholas Truong were AATS-14 engineers, Rose Dominguez provided J-31 Navigational and GPS data, and Warren Gore provided J-31 Meteorological data. Finally, thanks to Andy Ackerman and Mikhail Alexandrov for their advice about cloud optical properties during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 13 BP 6245 EP 6263 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6245-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792GE UT WOS:000292728400006 ER PT J AU Simpson, IJ Akagi, SK Barletta, B Blake, NJ Choi, Y Diskin, GS Fried, A Fuelberg, HE Meinardi, S Rowland, FS Vay, SA Weinheimer, AJ Wennberg, PO Wiebring, P Wisthaler, A Yang, M Yokelson, RJ Blake, DR AF Simpson, I. J. Akagi, S. K. Barletta, B. Blake, N. J. Choi, Y. Diskin, G. S. Fried, A. Fuelberg, H. E. Meinardi, S. Rowland, F. S. Vay, S. A. Weinheimer, A. J. Wennberg, P. O. Wiebring, P. Wisthaler, A. Yang, M. Yokelson, R. J. Blake, D. R. TI Boreal forest fire emissions in fresh Canadian smoke plumes: C-1-C-10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CO, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRACE GASES; TROPICAL FOREST; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHLORINE EMISSIONS; REACTIVE CHLORINE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Boreal regions comprise about 17% of the global land area, and they both affect and are influenced by climate change. To better understand boreal forest fire emissions and plume evolution, 947 whole air samples were collected aboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft in summer 2008 as part of the ARCTAS-B field mission, and analyzed for 79 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) using gas chromatography. Together with simultaneous measurements of CO2, CO, CH4, CH2O, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN, these measurements represent the most comprehensive assessment of trace gas emissions from boreal forest fires to date. Based on 105 air samples collected in fresh Canadian smoke plumes, 57 of the 80 measured NMVOCs (including CH2O) were emitted from the fires, including 45 species that were quantified from boreal forest fires for the first time. After CO2, CO and CH4, the largest emission factors (EFs) for individual species were formaldehyde (2.1 +/- 0.2 g kg(-1)), followed by methanol, NO2, HCN, ethene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, ethane, benzene, propene, acetone and CH3CN. Globally, we estimate that boreal forest fires release 2.4 +/- 0.6 TgC yr(-1) in the form of NMVOCs, with approximately 41% of the carbon released as C-1-C-2 NMVOCs and 21% as pinenes. These are the first reported field measurements of monoterpene emissions from boreal forest fires, and we speculate that the pinenes, which are relatively heavy molecules, were detected in the fire plumes as the result of distillation of stored terpenes as the vegetation is heated. Their inclusion in smoke chemistry models is expected to improve model predictions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The fire-averaged EF of dichloromethane or CH2Cl2, (6.9 +/- 8.6) x 10(-4) g kg(-1), was not significantly different from zero and supports recent findings that its global biomass burning source appears to have been overestimated. Similarly, we found no evidence for emissions of chloroform (CHCl3) or methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) from boreal forest fires. The speciated hydrocarbon measurements presented here show the importance of carbon released by short-chain NMVOCs, the strong contribution of pinene emissions from boreal forest fires, and the wide range of compound classes in the most abundantly emitted NMVOCs, all of which can be used to improve biomass burning inventories in local/global models and reduce uncertainties in model estimates of trace gas emissions and their impact on the atmosphere. C1 [Simpson, I. J.; Barletta, B.; Blake, N. J.; Meinardi, S.; Rowland, F. S.; Yang, M.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Choi, Y.; Diskin, G. S.; Vay, S. A.; Yang, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Fried, A.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Wiebring, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Simpson, IJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM isimpson@uci.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; FU NASA [NNX09AB22G]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency; Tiroler Zukunftstiftung; California Air Resources Board FX The ARCTAS mission was funded by the NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the California Air Resources Board. The VOC research presented here was funded by NASA grant NNX09AB22G. The CH3CN measurements were supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung, and were carried out with the help of T. Mikoviny, M. Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. The HCN instrument was run by J. Crounse and A. Kuerten. We gratefully acknowledge the ARCTAS crew and science team, and the team of laboratory technicians and staff at UC-Irvine, especially B. Chisholm, R. Day, J. Glabe, G. Liu, B. Love, and A. Ly. We also thank E. Atlas (University of Miami) for updated alkyl nitrate calibrations, C. Wiedinmyer (NCAR) for help with the MODIS data acquisition, R. Hornbrook for helpful discussions, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 75 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 60 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 13 BP 6445 EP 6463 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6445-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792GE UT WOS:000292728400019 ER PT J AU Feng, W Chipperfield, MP Davies, S Mann, GW Carslaw, KS Dhomse, S Harvey, L Randall, C Santee, ML AF Feng, W. Chipperfield, M. P. Davies, S. Mann, G. W. Carslaw, K. S. Dhomse, S. Harvey, L. Randall, C. Santee, M. L. TI Modelling the effect of denitrification on polar ozone depletion for Arctic winter 2004/2005 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; NITRIC-ACID; EOS MLS; STRATOSPHERE; SATELLITE; VORTEX; SIMULATION; PARTICLES AB A three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model (CTM), SLIMCAT, has been used to quantify the effect of denitrification on ozone loss for the Arctic winter 2004/2005. The simulated HNO3 is found to be highly sensitive to the polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) scheme used in the model. Here the standard SLIMCAT full chemistry model, which uses a thermodynamic equilibrium PSC scheme, over-predicts the ozone loss for Arctic winter 2004/2005 due to the overestimation of denitrification and stronger chlorine activation than observed. A model run with a coupled detailed microphysical denitrification scheme, DLAPSE (Denitrification by Lagrangian Particle Sedimentation), is less denitrified than the standard model run and better reproduces the observed HNO3 as measured by Airborne SUbmillimeter Radiometer (ASUR) and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instruments. Overall, denitrification is responsible for a similar to 30% enhancement in O-3 depletion compared with simulations without denitrification for Arctic winter 2004/2005, which is slightly larger than the inferred impact of denitrification on Arctic ozone loss for previous winters from different CTMs simulations. The overestimated denitrification from standard SLIMCAT simulation causes similar to 5-10% more ozone loss at similar to 17 km compared with the simulation using the DLAPSE PSC scheme for Arctic winter 2004/2005. The calculated partial column ozone loss from SLIMCAT using the DLAPSE scheme is about 130 DU by mid-March 2005, which compares well with the inferred column ozone loss from ozonesondes and satellite data (127 +/- 21 DU). C1 [Feng, W.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Davies, S.; Mann, G. W.; Carslaw, K. S.; Dhomse, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, NCAS, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Feng, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Harvey, L.; Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Santee, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Feng, W (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, NCAS, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM w.feng@leeds.ac.uk RI FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011 OI FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383 FU EU; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) FX This work was supported by the EU SCOUT-O3 and UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). The ECMWF analyses were obtained via the British Atmospheric Data Centre. ASUR data is available from NASA Polar Aura Validation Experiment (PAVE). We would like to thank two reviewers and A. Kleinbohl for their time and valuable suggestions which improved the quality of this paper. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 13 BP 6559 EP 6573 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6559-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792GE UT WOS:000292728400026 ER PT J AU Knobelspiesse, K Cairns, B Ottaviani, M Ferrare, R Hair, J Hostetler, C Obland, M Rogers, R Redemann, J Shinozuka, Y Clarke, A Freitag, S Howell, S Kapustin, V McNaughton, C AF Knobelspiesse, K. Cairns, B. Ottaviani, M. Ferrare, R. Hair, J. Hostetler, C. Obland, M. Rogers, R. Redemann, J. Shinozuka, Y. Clarke, A. Freitag, S. Howell, S. Kapustin, V. McNaughton, C. TI Combined retrievals of boreal forest fire aerosol properties with a polarimeter and lidar SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; POLARIZED REFLECTANCE; CLAMS EXPERIMENT; MILAGRO/INTEX-B; SOUTHERN AFRICA; MINERAL DUST AB Absorbing aerosols play an important, but uncertain, role in the global climate. Much of this uncertainty is due to a lack of adequate aerosol measurements. While great strides have been made in observational capability in the previous years and decades, it has become increasingly apparent that this development must continue. Scanning polarimeters have been designed to help resolve this issue by making accurate, multi-spectral, multi-angle polarized observations. This work involves the use of the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). The RSP was designed as the airborne prototype for the Aerosol Polarimetery Sensor (APS), which was due to be launched as part of the (ultimately failed) NASA Glory mission. Field observations with the RSP, however, have established that simultaneous retrievals of aerosol absorption and vertical distribution over bright land surfaces are quite uncertain. We test a merger of RSP and High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) data with observations of boreal forest fire smoke, collected during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS). During ARCTAS, the RSP and HSRL instruments were mounted on the same aircraft, and validation data were provided by instruments on an aircraft flying a coordinated flight pattern. We found that the lidar data did indeed improve aerosol retrievals using an optimal estimation method, although not primarily because of the contraints imposed on the aerosol vertical distribution. The more useful piece of information from the HSRL was the total column aerosol optical depth, which was used to select the initial value (optimization starting point) of the aerosol number concentration. When ground based sun photometer network climatologies of number concentration were used as an initial value, we found that roughly half of the retrievals had unrealistic sizes and imaginary indices, even though the retrieved spectral optical depths agreed within uncertainties to independent observations. The convergence to an unrealistic local minimum by the optimal estimator is related to the relatively low sensitivity to particles smaller than 0.1 (mu m) at large optical thicknesses. Thus, optimization algorithms used for operational aerosol retrievals of the fine mode size distribution, when the total optical depth is large, will require initial values generated from table look-ups that exclude unrealistic size/complex index mixtures. External constraints from lidar on initial values used in the optimal estimation methods will also be valuable in reducing the likelihood of obtaining spurious retrievals. C1 [Knobelspiesse, K.; Cairns, B.; Ottaviani, M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ferrare, R.; Hair, J.; Hostetler, C.; Obland, M.; Rogers, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Redemann, J.; Shinozuka, Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Clarke, A.; Freitag, S.; Howell, S.; Kapustin, V.; McNaughton, C.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Knobelspiesse, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM kirk.d.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov RI Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016; OI Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU US National Science Foundation; NASA [B-200] FX The first author acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation, through a Fellowship in the IGERT Joint Program in Applied Mathematics and Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University at the time of the MILAGRO field campaign. His graduate studies was also funded by the NASA Glory project. Currently, both he and M. Ottaviani are supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We would like to thank the B-200 pilot, Les Kagey, flight engineer, Mike Wusk, aircraft crew chief Dale Bowser and the rest of the B-200 support team for their energy and professionalism during ARCTAS. This research was carried out with funding from the NASA Glory project. NASA B-200, RSP and HSRL participation in ARCTAS was funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, managed by Hal Maring. MODIS imagery was provided by the NASA GSFC Rapid Response System. NR 80 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 14 BP 7045 EP 7067 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7045-2011 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797KI UT WOS:000293125100017 ER PT J AU Bais, AF Tourpali, K Kazantzidis, A Akiyoshi, H Bekki, S Braesicke, P Chipperfield, MP Dameris, M Eyring, V Garny, H Iachetti, D Jockel, P Kubin, A Langematz, U Mancini, E Michou, M Morgenstern, O Nakamura, T Newman, PA Pitari, G Plummer, DA Rozanov, E Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Tian, W Yamashita, Y AF Bais, A. F. Tourpali, K. Kazantzidis, A. Akiyoshi, H. Bekki, S. Braesicke, P. Chipperfield, M. P. Dameris, M. Eyring, V. Garny, H. Iachetti, D. Joeckel, P. Kubin, A. Langematz, U. Mancini, E. Michou, M. Morgenstern, O. Nakamura, T. Newman, P. A. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. A. Rozanov, E. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Tian, W. Yamashita, Y. TI Projections of UV radiation changes in the 21st century: impact of ozone recovery and cloud effects SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; LONG-TERM VARIATIONS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; EUROPEAN STATIONS; IRRADIANCE; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; ULTRAVIOLET AB Monthly averaged surface erythemal solar irradiance (UV-Ery) for local noon from 1960 to 2100 has been derived using radiative transfer calculations and projections of ozone, temperature and cloud change from 14 chemistry climate models (CCM), as part of the CCMVal-2 activity of SPARC. Our calculations show the influence of ozone depletion and recovery on erythemal irradiance. In addition, we investigate UV-Ery changes caused by climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The latter include effects of both stratospheric ozone and cloud changes. The derived estimates provide a global picture of the likely changes in erythemal irradiance during the 21st century. Uncertainties arise from the assumed scenarios, different parameterizations - particularly of cloud effects on UV-Ery - and the spread in the CCM projections. The calculations suggest that relative to 1980, annually mean UV-Ery in the 2090s will be on average similar to 12% lower at high latitudes in both hemispheres, similar to 3% lower at mid latitudes, and marginally higher (similar to 1 %) in the tropics. The largest reduction (similar to 16 %) is projected for Antarctica in October. Cloud effects are responsible for 2-3% of the reduction in UV-Ery at high latitudes, but they slightly moderate it at mid-latitudes (similar to 1 %). The year of return of erythemal irradiance to values of certain milestones (1965 and 1980) depends largely on the return of column ozone to the corresponding levels and is associated with large uncertainties mainly due to the spread of the model projections. The inclusion of cloud effects in the calculations has only a small effect of the return years. At mid and high latitudes, changes in clouds and stratospheric ozone transport by global circulation changes due to greenhouse gases will sustain the erythemal irradiance at levels below those in 1965, despite the removal of ozone depleting substances. At northern high latitudes (60 degrees - 90 degrees), the projected decreases in cloud transmittance towards the end of the 21st century will reduce the yearly average surface erythemal irradiance by similar to 5% with respect to the 1960s. C1 [Bais, A. F.; Tourpali, K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Kazantzidis, A.] Univ Patras, Dept Phys, GR-26110 Patras, Greece. [Akiyoshi, H.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Bekki, S.] Inst Pierre Simone Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Braesicke, P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Chipperfield, M. P.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Dameris, M.; Eyring, V.; Garny, H.; Joeckel, P.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmosphare Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Iachetti, D.; Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Kubin, A.; Langematz, U.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Michou, M.] GAME CNRM, Meteo France CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Newman, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos World Rad Ctr, Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, E.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Met Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Bais, AF (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. EM abais@auth.gr RI Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Bais, Alkiviadis/D-2230-2009; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Tourpali, Kleareti/M-5269-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; OI Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Bais, Alkiviadis/0000-0003-3899-2001; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740 FU EC [505390-GOCE-CT-2004]; Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan [A-071, A-0903] FX We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. This work has been partly conducted in the framework of the EC Integrated Project SCOUT-O3 (contract 505390-GOCE-CT-2004). CMAM simulations were supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences. U. Langematz would like to thank the German Weather Service who generously provided computer time for the EMAC-FUB simulations. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund (GERF) of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan (A-071 and A-0903) and the simulations were completed with the supercomputer at CGER of the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). We would like to thank the principal investigators of WACCM, AMTRAC, NIWA-Socol, and GEOSCCM models that were used in this study. We are indebted to R. Stolarski for his detailed comments and suggestions. NR 74 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7533 EP 7545 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7533-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500008 ER PT J AU McNaughton, CS Clarke, AD Freitag, S Kapustin, VN Kondo, Y Moteki, N Sahu, L Takegawa, N Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Watts, L Diskin, G Podolske, J Holloway, JS Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T de Gouw, J Warneke, C Jimenez, J Cubison, M Howell, SG Middlebrook, A Bahreini, R Anderson, BE Winstead, E Thornhill, KL Lack, D Cozic, J Brock, CA AF McNaughton, C. S. Clarke, A. D. Freitag, S. Kapustin, V. N. Kondo, Y. Moteki, N. Sahu, L. Takegawa, N. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Watts, L. Diskin, G. Podolske, J. Holloway, J. S. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. de Gouw, J. Warneke, C. Jimenez, J. Cubison, M. Howell, S. G. Middlebrook, A. Bahreini, R. Anderson, B. E. Winstead, E. Thornhill, K. L. Lack, D. Cozic, J. Brock, C. A. TI Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the 2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; CENTRAL MEXICAN PLATEAU; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; ACE-ASIA; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 160 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55 degrees N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements of aerosol optics, trace gas and aerosol chemistry measurements, as well as direct measurements of the aerosol size distributions and black carbon mass. Late April of 2008 proved to be exceptional in terms of Asian biomass burning emissions transported to the Western Arctic. Though these smoke plumes account for only 11-14% of the samples within the Western Arctic domain, they account for 42-47% of the total burden of black carbon. Dust was also commonly observed but only contributes to 4-12% and 3-8% of total light absorption at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths above 6 km. Below 6 km, light absorption by carbonaceous aerosol derived from urban/industrial and biomass burning emissions account for 97-99% of total light absorption by aerosol. Stratifying the data to reduce the influence of dust allows us to determine mass absorption efficiencies for black carbon of 11.2 +/- 0.8, 9.5 +/- 0.6 and 7.4 +/- 0.7m(2) g(-1) at 470, 530 and 660 nm wave-lengths. These estimates are consistent with 35-80% enhancements in 530 nm absorption due to clear or slightly absorbing coatings of pure black carbon particulate. Assuming a 1/lambda wavelength dependence for BC absorption, and assuming that refractory aerosol (420 degrees C, tau = 0.1 s) in low-dust samples is dominated by brown carbon, we derive mass absorption efficiencies for brown carbon of 0.83 +/- 0.15 and 0.27 +/- 0.08m(2) g(-1) at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths. Estimates for the mass absorption efficiencies of Asian dust are 0.034m(2) g(-1) and 0.017m(2) g(-1). However the absorption efficiency estimates for dust are highly uncertain due to the limitations imposed by PSAP instrument noise. In-situ ARCTAS/ARCPAC measurements during the IPY provide valuable constraints for absorbing aerosol over the Western Arctic, species which are currently poorly simulated over a region that is critically under-sampled. C1 [McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.; Freitag, S.; Kapustin, V. N.; Howell, S. G.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L.; Holloway, J. S.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.; Middlebrook, A.; Bahreini, R.; Lack, D.; Cozic, J.; Brock, C. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Diskin, G.; Anderson, B. E.; Winstead, E.; Thornhill, K. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Podolske, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Warneke, C.; Jimenez, J.; Cubison, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McNaughton, CS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM csmcnaug@hawaii.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NASA; NOAA [NASA NNX08AD39G, NSF/UCAR S05-39607] FX The authors would like to thank the NASA and NOAA support staff as well as the aircraft flight crews for their assistance in collecting this important data. We would also like to acknowledge Karl Froyd and the PALMS team for providing data critical to separating supermicrometer aerosol into dust and sea salt types. The lead author would like to thank the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) for travel support to present these results at the International Polar Year Science Conference in Oslo Norway in June 2010. This work is funded under NASA and NOAA Grants: NASA NNX08AD39G and NSF/UCAR S05-39607 (JLJ and MJC). NR 103 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7561 EP 7582 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7561-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500010 ER PT J AU Huneeus, N Schulz, M Balkanski, Y Griesfeller, J Prospero, J Kinne, S Bauer, S Boucher, O Chin, M Dentener, F Diehl, T Easter, R Fillmore, D Ghan, S Ginoux, P Grini, A Horowitz, L Koch, D Krol, MC Landing, W Liu, X Mahowald, N Miller, R Morcrette, JJ Myhre, G Penner, J Perlwitz, J Stier, P Takemura, T Zender, CS AF Huneeus, N. Schulz, M. Balkanski, Y. Griesfeller, J. Prospero, J. Kinne, S. Bauer, S. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Easter, R. Fillmore, D. Ghan, S. Ginoux, P. Grini, A. Horowitz, L. Koch, D. Krol, M. C. Landing, W. Liu, X. Mahowald, N. Miller, R. Morcrette, J. -J. Myhre, G. Penner, J. Perlwitz, J. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Zender, C. S. TI Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC IRON DEPOSITION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MINERAL DUST; AEROSOL DIRECT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SULFUR CYCLE AB This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional com parisons to Angstrom exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr(-1) and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr(-1) C1 [Huneeus, N.; Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Griesfeller, J.] IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Schulz, M.; Griesfeller, J.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway. [Prospero, J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Bauer, S.; Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bauer, S.; Koch, D.; Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Koch, D.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. [Boucher, O.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Grini, A.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Grini, A.] Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technol, Kongsberg, Norway. [Krol, M. C.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Landing, W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Liu, X.; Penner, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Morcrette, J. -J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Zender, C. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Huneeus, N (reprint author), IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM nicolas.huneeus@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Prospero, Joseph/E-9436-2011; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Zender, Charles/D-4485-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zender, Charles/0000-0003-0129-8024; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; FU European Commission under EU [218793]; DECC; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; NASA [NNX07AI56G]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors would like to thank two reviewers for their useful comments that contributed to improve the manuscript. In addition we thank the AERONET program for establishing and maintaining the used sites. This study was co-funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Program (grant agreement No 218793, MACC). O. Boucher was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). S. Ghan and R. Easter were funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program and by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 99 TC 230 Z9 234 U1 6 U2 87 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7781 EP 7816 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7781-2011 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500024 ER PT J AU Yurganov, LN Rakitin, V Dzhola, A August, T Fokeeva, E George, M Gorchakov, G Grechko, E Hannon, S Karpov, A Ott, L Semutnikova, E Shumsky, R Strow, L AF Yurganov, L. N. Rakitin, V. Dzhola, A. August, T. Fokeeva, E. George, M. Gorchakov, G. Grechko, E. Hannon, S. Karpov, A. Ott, L. Semutnikova, E. Shumsky, R. Strow, L. TI Satellite- and ground-based CO total column observations over 2010 Russian fires: accuracy of top-down estimates based on thermal IR satellite data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOPITT VALIDATION; ACE-FTS; SCIAMACHY; AIRS; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; SURFACE; SPACE AB CO total column data are presented from three space sounders and two ground-based spectrometers in Moscow and its suburbs during the forest and peat fires that occurred in Central Russia in July-August 2010. Also presented are ground-based in situ CO measurements. The Moscow area was strongly impacted by the CO plume from these fires. Concurrent satellite- and ground-based observations were used to quantify the errors of CO top-down emission estimates. On certain days, CO total columns retrieved from the data of the space-based sounders were 2-3 times less than those obtained from the ground-based sun-tracking spectrometers. The depth of the polluted layer over Moscow was estimated using total column measurements compared with CO volume mixing ratios in the surface layer and on the TV tower and found to be around 360 m. The missing CO that is the average difference between the CO total column accurately determined by the ground spectrometers and that retrieved by AIRS, MOPITT, and IASI was determined for the Moscow area between 1.6 and 3.3 x 10(18) molec cm(-2). These values were extrapolated onto the entire plume; subsequently, the CO burden (total mass) over Russia during the fire event was corrected. A top-down estimate of the total emitted CO, obtained by a simple mass balance model increased by 40-100% for different sensors due to this correction. Final assessments of total CO emitted by Russian wildfires obtained from different sounders are between 34 and 40 Tg CO during July-August 2010. C1 [Yurganov, L. N.; Hannon, S.; Strow, L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Rakitin, V.; Dzhola, A.; Fokeeva, E.; Gorchakov, G.; Grechko, E.; Karpov, A.; Shumsky, R.] Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. [August, T.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [George, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, UPMC, CNRS,INSU,LATMOS,IPSL, Paris, France. [Ott, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Semutnikova, E.] Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia. RP Yurganov, LN (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM yurganov@umbc.edu RI Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012; Rakitin, Vadim/K-1400-2015 FU AIRS Project Office at JPL; RFBR [08-05-00659]; ISTC [3032]; CNES FX The authors are grateful to Nikolay Elansky (IAP) for the help in using supplemental in situ measurement results. We thank Sergio DeSouza-Machado (UMBC) for the help in a modification of kCARTA model. Merritt Deeter (NCAR, Boulder, USA) clarified issues connected with new versions of MOPITT data. We are grateful to Meinrat Andreae (MPI for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany) and to Bob Yokelson (University of Montana, USA) for a helpful discussion. We thank Daniel Hurtmans (ULB, Belgium) for his help with the IASI FORLI-CO data. This research was supported through a subcontract with the AIRS Project Office at JPL: "Optimization, Validation, and Integrated EOS Analysis". Measurements in Russia have been possible due to funding from RFBR (grant # 08-05-00659) and ISTC (grant # 3032). Maya George is grateful to CNES for financial support. We thank the NASA, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry Products and Services (France), and the EUMETSAT for access to the archived data. NR 67 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7925 EP 7942 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7925-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500031 ER PT J AU Lapina, K Heald, CL Spracklen, DV Arnold, SR Allan, JD Coe, H McFiggans, G Zorn, SR Drewnick, F Bates, TS Hawkins, LN Russell, LM Smirnov, A O'Dowd, CD Hind, AJ AF Lapina, K. Heald, C. L. Spracklen, D. V. Arnold, S. R. Allan, J. D. Coe, H. McFiggans, G. Zorn, S. R. Drewnick, F. Bates, T. S. Hawkins, L. N. Russell, L. M. Smirnov, A. O'Dowd, C. D. Hind, A. J. TI Investigating organic aerosol loading in the remote marine environment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; UNITED-STATES; SEA-SALT; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; MINERAL DUST; PART 1; EMISSIONS; OCEAN; ISOPRENE; ATLANTIC AB Aerosol loading in the marine environment is investigated using aerosol composition measurements from several research ship campaigns (ICEALOT, MAP, RHaMBLe, VOCALS and OOMPH), observations of total AOD column from satellite (MODIS) and ship-based instruments (Maritime Aerosol Network, MAN), and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). This work represents the most comprehensive evaluation of oceanic OM emission inventories to date, by employing aerosol composition measurements obtained from campaigns with wide spatial and temporal coverage. The model underestimates AOD over the remote ocean on average by 0.02 (21 %), compared to satellite observations, but provides an unbiased simulation of ground-based Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) observations. Comparison with cruise data demonstrates that the GEOS-Chem simulation of marine sulfate, with the mean observed values ranging between 0.22 mu gm(-3) and 1.34 mu gm(-3), is generally unbiased, however surface organic matter (OM) concentrations, with the mean observed concentrations between 0.07 mu gm(-3) and 0.77 mu gm(-3), are underestimated by a factor of 2-5 for the standard model run. Addition of a sub-micron marine OM source of approximately 9 TgC yr(-1) brings the model into agreement with the ship-based measurements, however this additional OM source does not explain the model underestimate of marine AOD. The model underestimate of marine AOD is therefore likely the result of a combination of satellite retrieval bias and a missing marine aerosol source (which exhibits a different spatial pattern than existing aerosol in the model). C1 [Lapina, K.; Heald, C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Spracklen, D. V.; Arnold, S. R.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.; McFiggans, G.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Zorn, S. R.; Drewnick, F.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smirnov, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland. [Hind, A. J.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA. RP Lapina, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM klapina@atmos.colostate.edu RI McFiggans, Gordon/B-8689-2011; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Spracklen, Dominick/B-4890-2014; Arnold, Steve/B-8856-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; OI McFiggans, Gordon/0000-0002-3423-7896; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713 FU NASA [NNX08AN75G]; National Environment Research Council (NERC) through the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the Marine Environment (ACMME) [NE/E011454/1]; Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) [NE/D006570/1]; NSF [ATM-0744636, 0741818]; European Union (EU); Institut Polaire Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV) FX This work was supported by NASA, grant NNX08AN75G. We thank the MODIS and the SeaWIFS teams for the aerosol and chlorophyll-a products and Jeffrey Reid (NRL) and Jianglong Zhang (University of North Dakota) for providing their quality controlled level-3 MODIS aerosol product. RHaMBLe measurements were supported by the National Environment Research Council (NERC) through the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the Marine Environment (ACMME, NE/E011454/1) and Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe, NE/D006570/1) projects, both part of the Surface-Ocean/Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) directed programme. VOCALS measurements were supported by NSF grant ATM-0744636. OOMPH measurements were supported by the European Union (EU) through the OOMPH project of the EU Sixth Framework Programme and by the Institut Polaire Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV) through the IPEV-AEROTRACE program. We acknowledge the MAN PIs: Patricia Quinn (USA), Norman Nelson (USA), Joaquim Goes (USA), Andrey Proshutinsky (USA), Andreas Macke (Germany), Sergey Sakerin (Russia), Tim Smyth (UK), Jean Sciare (France), Tymon Zielinski (Poland), Giuseppe Zibordi (Italy), Mike Harvey (New Zealand) and Stuart Piketh (South Africa). We also acknowledge NSF OCE grant 0741818 awarded to P. A. Matrai as part of the VOCALS REx program. NR 71 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 8847 EP 8860 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8847-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200002 ER PT J AU Funke, B Baumgaertner, A Calisto, M Egorova, T Jackman, CH Kieser, J Krivolutsky, A Lopez-Puertas, M Marsh, DR Reddmann, T Rozanov, E Salmi, SM Sinnhuber, M Stiller, GP Verronen, PT Versick, S von Clarmann, T Vyushkova, TY Wieters, N Wissing, JM AF Funke, B. Baumgaertner, A. Calisto, M. Egorova, T. Jackman, C. H. Kieser, J. Krivolutsky, A. Lopez-Puertas, M. Marsh, D. R. Reddmann, T. Rozanov, E. Salmi, S. -M. Sinnhuber, M. Stiller, G. P. Verronen, P. T. Versick, S. von Clarmann, T. Vyushkova, T. Y. Wieters, N. Wissing, J. M. TI Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 2003; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; SOUNDING MIPAS; EMISSION-SPECTRA; CHLORINE CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT MODEL; TECHNICAL NOTE; ODD HYDROGEN AB We have compared composition changes of NO, NO2, H2O2, O-3, N2O, HNO3, N2O5, HNO4, ClO, HOCl, and ClONO2 as observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat in the aftermath of the "Halloween" solar proton event (SPE) in late October 2003 at 25-0.01 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere (40-90 degrees N) and simulations performed by the following atmospheric models: the Bremen 2-D model (B2dM) and Bremen 3-D Chemical Transport Model (B3dCTM), the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO) model, Fin-ROSE, the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), the Karlsruhe Simulation Model of the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA), the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model, the modeling tool for SOlar Climate Ozone Links studies (SOCOL and SOCOLi), and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM4). The large number of participating models allowed for an evaluation of the overall ability of atmospheric models to reproduce observed atmospheric perturbations generated by SPEs, particularly with respect to NOy and ozone changes. We have further assessed the meteorological conditions and their implications for the chemical response to the SPE in both the models and observations by comparing temperature and tracer (CH4 and CO) fields. Simulated SPE-induced ozone losses agree on average within 5% with the observations. Simulated NOy enhancements around 1 hPa, however, are typically 30% higher than indicated by the observations which are likely to be related to deficiencies in the used ionization rates, though other error sources related to the models' atmospheric background state and/or transport schemes cannot be excluded. The analysis of the observed and modeled NOy partitioning in the aftermath of the SPE has demonstrated the need to implement additional ion chemistry (HNO3 formation via ion-ion recombination and water cluster ions) into the chemical schemes. An overestimation of observed H2O2 enhancements by all models hints at an underestimation of the OH/HO2 ratio in the upper polar stratosphere during the SPE. The analysis of chlorine species perturbations has shown that the encountered differences between models and observations, particularly the underestimation of observed ClONO2 enhancements, are related to a smaller availability of ClO in the polar night region already before the SPE. In general, the intercomparison has demonstrated that differences in the meteorology and/or initial state of the atmosphere in the simulations cause a relevant variability of the model results, even on a short timescale of only a few days. C1 [Funke, B.; Lopez-Puertas, M.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Baumgaertner, A.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Calisto, M.; Rozanov, E.] Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Egorova, T.; Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland. [Jackman, C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kieser, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Krivolutsky, A.; Vyushkova, T. Y.] Cent Aerol Observ CAO, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia. [Marsh, D. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Reddmann, T.; Sinnhuber, M.; Stiller, G. P.; Versick, S.; von Clarmann, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sinnhuber, M.; Wieters, N.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Salmi, S. -M.; Verronen, P. T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat Unit, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Salmi, S. -M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Wissing, J. M.] Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, Osnabruck, Germany. [Versick, S.] Steinbuch Ctr Comp, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Funke, B (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. EM bernd@iaa.es RI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Paivarinta, Sanna-Mari/D-1084-2014; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Sinnhuber, Miriam/A-7252-2013; Verronen, Pekka/G-6658-2014; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Reddmann, Thomas/A-7681-2013; Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011 OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Paivarinta, Sanna-Mari/0000-0001-9390-7282; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Verronen, Pekka/0000-0002-3479-9071; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; Reddmann, Thomas/0000-0003-1733-7016; Baumgaertner, Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701 FU CSIC [200950I081]; German science foundation (DFG); Russian Science Foundation for Basic Research [09-05-009949]; Russian Sub-Program "Research and Investigation of Antarctica" [1-6-08]; European Community [218816]; Swiss National Science Foundation [CRSI122-130642(FUPSOL)]; NASA; National Science Foundation; German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ); [AYA200803498/ESP] FX The IAA team was supported by the Spanish project AYA200803498/ESP and by the project 200950I081 of CSIC. The IMK, AIMOS, University of Bremen, and HAMMONIA groups were supported by the Priority Program CAWSES of the German science foundation (DFG). The input of CAO was supported by Russian Science Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 09-05-009949) and by contract No. 1-6-08 under Russian Sub-Program "Research and Investigation of Antarctica". The SOCOLi team received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 218816. The development and applications of CCM SOCOL supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant CRSI122-130642(FUPSOL). The WACCM team was supported by the NASA Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the support of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) where the HAMMONIA computations were performed. The authors gratefully acknowledge ESA for providing MIPAS spectra. The authors would also like to thank C. Randall and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 97 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 9089 EP 9139 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9089-2011 PG 51 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200016 ER PT J AU Ziemke, JR Chandra, S Labow, GJ Bhartia, PK Froidevaux, L Witte, JC AF Ziemke, J. R. Chandra, S. Labow, G. J. Bhartia, P. K. Froidevaux, L. Witte, J. C. TI A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone derived from Aura OMI and MLS measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TES AB A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone is derived by combining six years of Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone measurements for the period October 2004 through December 2010. The OMI/MLS tropospheric ozone climatology exhibits large temporal and spatial variability which includes ozone accumulation zones in the tropical south Atlantic year-round and in the subtropical Mediterranean/Asia region in summer months. High levels of tropospheric ozone in the Northern Hemisphere also persist in mid-latitudes over the eastern part of the North American continent extending across the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern part of the Asian continent extending across the Pacific Ocean. For stratospheric ozone climatology from MLS, largest column abundance is in the Northern Hemisphere in the latitude range 70 degrees N-80 degrees N in February-April and in the Southern Hemisphere around 40 degrees S-50 degrees S during August-October. Largest stratospheric ozone lies in the Northern Hemisphere and extends from the eastern Asian continent eastward across the Pacific Ocean and North America. With the advent of many newly developing 3-D chemistry and transport models it is advantageous to have such a dataset for evaluating the performance of the models in relation to dynamical and photochemical processes controlling the ozone distributions in the troposphere and stratosphere. The OMI/MLS gridded ozone climatology data are made available to the science community via the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ozone and air quality website http://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/. C1 [Ziemke, J. R.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Ziemke, J. R.; Chandra, S.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chandra, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Labow, G. J.; Witte, J. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ziemke, JR (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM jerald.r.ziemke@nasa.gov RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N-AST] FX We want to thank the Aura MLS and OMI instrument and algorithm teams for the extensive satellite measurements used in this study. We also thank the SHADOZ and WOUDC ozonesonde and NCEP analyses teams for their data and analyses products used in this study. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with NASA. OMI is a Dutch-Finnish contribution to the Aura mission. Funding for this research was provided in part by NASA NNH07ZDA001N-AST. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 9237 EP 9251 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9237-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200021 ER PT J AU Witte, JC Douglass, AR da Silva, A Torres, O Levy, R Duncan, BN AF Witte, J. C. Douglass, A. R. da Silva, A. Torres, O. Levy, R. Duncan, B. N. TI NASA A-Train and Terra observations of the 2010 Russian wildfires SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL EVALUATION; NORTH-AMERICA; BURNED AREA; MODIS; PRODUCTS; AEROSOL; IMPACT AB Wildfires raged throughout western Russia and parts of Eastern Europe during a persistent heat wave in the summer of 2010. Anomalously high surface temperatures (35-41 degrees C) and low relative humidity (9-25 %) from mid-June to mid-August 2010 shown by analysis of radiosonde data from multiple sites in western Russia were ideal conditions for the wildfires to thrive. Measurements of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) over western Russian indicate persistent subsidence during the heat wave. Daily three-day back-trajectories initiated over Moscow reveal a persistent anticyclonic circulation for 18 days in August, coincident with the most intense period of fire activity observed by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This unfortunate meteorological coincidence allowed transport of polluted air from the region of intense fires to Moscow and the surrounding area. We demonstrate that the 2010 Russian wildfires are unique in the record of observations obtained by remote-sensing instruments on-board NASA satellites: Aura and Aqua (part of the A-Train Constellation) and Terra. Analysis of the distribution of MODIS fire products and aerosol optical thickness (AOT), UV aerosol index (AI) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) from Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and total column carbon monoxide (CO) from Aqua's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) show that the region in the center of western Russia surrounding Moscow (52 degrees-58 degrees N, 33 degrees-43 degrees E) is most severely impacted by wildfire emissions. Over this area, AIRS CO, OMI AI, and MODIS AOT are significantly enhanced relative to the historical satellite record during the first 18 days in August when the anti-cyclonic circulation persisted. By mid-August, the anti-cyclonic circulation was replaced with westerly transport over Moscow and vicinity. The heat wave ended as anomalies of surface temperature and relative humidity, and OLR disappeared. After 18 August the fire activity greatly diminished over western Russia and levels of the satellite smoke tracers returned to values typical of previous years. C1 [Witte, J. C.; Levy, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Witte, J. C.; Douglass, A. R.; da Silva, A.; Torres, O.; Levy, R.; Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Witte, JC (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. EM jacquelyn.witte@nasa.gov RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030; FU NASA [NNG06HX18C] FX This work is supported under NASA contract number NNG06HX18C. NR 49 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 9287 EP 9301 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9287-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200024 ER PT J AU Pozzoli, L Janssens-Maenhout, G Diehl, T Bey, I Schultz, MG Feichter, J Vignati, E Dentener, F AF Pozzoli, L. Janssens-Maenhout, G. Diehl, T. Bey, I. Schultz, M. G. Feichter, J. Vignati, E. Dentener, F. TI Re-analysis of tropospheric sulfate aerosol and ozone for the period 1980-2005 using the aerosol-chemistry-climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; AIR-POLLUTION AB Understanding historical trends of trace gas and aerosol distributions in the troposphere is essential to evaluate the efficiency of existing strategies to reduce air pollution and to design more efficient future air quality and climate policies. We performed coupled photochemistry and aerosol microphysics simulations for the period 1980-2005 using the aerosol-chemistry-climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ, to assess our understanding of long-term changes and interannual variability of the chemical composition of the troposphere, and in particular of ozone and sulfate concentrations, for which long-term surface observations are available. In order to separate the impact of the anthropogenic emissions and natural variability on atmospheric chemistry, we compare two model experiments, driven by the same ECMWF re-analysis data, but with varying and constant anthropogenic emissions, respectively. Our model analysis indicates an increase of ca. 1 ppbv (0.055 +/- 0.002 ppbv yr(-1)) in global average surface O-3 concentrations due to anthropogenic emissions, but this trend is largely masked by the larger O-3 anomalies due to the variability of meteorology and natural emissions. The changes in meteorology (not including stratospheric variations) and natural emissions account for the 75% of the total variability of global average surface O-3 concentrations. Regionally, annual mean surface O-3 concentrations increased by 1.3 and 1.6 ppbv over Europe and North America, respectively, despite the large anthropogenic emission reductions between 1980 and 2005. A comparison of winter and summer O-3 trends with measurements shows a qualitative agreement, except in North America, where our model erroneously computed a positive trend. Simulated O-3 increases of more than 4 ppbv in East Asia and 5 ppbv in South Asia can not be corroborated with long-term observations. Global average sulfate surface concentrations are largely controlled by anthropogenic emissions. Globally natural emissions are an important driver determining AOD variations. Regionally, AOD decreased by 28% over Europe, while it increased by 19% and 26% in East and South Asia. The global radiative perturbation calculated in our model for the period 1980-2005 was rather small (0.05 W m(-2) for O-3 and 0.02 W m(-2) for total aerosol direct effect), but larger perturbations ranging from -0.54 to 1.26 W m(-2) are estimated in those regions where anthropogenic emissions largely varied. C1 [Pozzoli, L.; Janssens-Maenhout, G.; Vignati, E.; Dentener, F.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Bey, I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ctr Climate Syst Modeling, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bey, I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. RP Dentener, F (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. EM frank.dentener@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; OI Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Pozzoli, Luca/0000-0003-0485-9624 FU European Community [265148] FX This work has received partial funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) in the project PEGASOS (grant agreement 265148). We greatly acknowledge Sebastian Rast at Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, for the scientific and technical support. We would like also to thank the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) and the Forschungszentrum Julich for the computing resources and technical support. We would like to thank the EMEP, WDCGG, and CASTNET networks for providing ozone and sulfate measurements over Europe and North America. NR 94 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9563 EP 9594 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9563-2011 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700009 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, MM Song, IS Oman, LD Newman, PA Molod, AM Frith, SM Nielsen, JE AF Hurwitz, M. M. Song, I. -S. Oman, L. D. Newman, P. A. Molod, A. M. Frith, S. M. Nielsen, J. E. TI Response of the Antarctic stratosphere to warm pool El Nino Events in the GEOS CCM SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION; WINTER; TROPOSPHERE; ENSEMBLE AB The Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model, Version 2 (GEOS V2 CCM) is used to investigate the response of the Antarctic stratosphere to (1) warm pool El Nino (WPEN) events and (2) the sensitivity of this response to the phase of the QBO. A new formulation of the GEOS V2 CCM includes an improved general circulation model and an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Two 50-yr time-slice simulations are forced by repeating annual cycles of sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations composited from observed WPEN and neutral ENSO (ENSON) events. In these simulations, greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance concentrations represent the present-day climate. The modelled responses to WPEN, and to the phase of the QBO during WPEN, are compared with NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis. WPEN events enhance poleward tropospheric planetary wave activity in the central South Pacific region during austral spring, leading to relative warming of the Antarctic lower stratosphere in November/December. During the easterly phase of the QBO (QBO-E), the GEOS V2 CCM reproduces the observed 4-5K warming of the polar region at 50 hPa, in the WPEN simulation relative to ENSON. In the recent past, the response to WPEN events was sensitive to the phase of the QBO: the enhancement in planetary wave driving and the lower stratospheric warming signal were mainly associated with WPEN events coincident with QBO-E. In the GEOS V2 CCM, however, the Antarctic response to WPEN events is insensitive to the phase of the QBO: the modelled response is always easterly QBO-like. The QBO signal does not extend far enough into the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere to modulate convection and thus planetary wave activity in the south central Pacific. C1 [Hurwitz, M. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Song, I. -S.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr GEST, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Molod, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Frith, S. M.; Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Hurwitz, MM (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM margaret.m.hurwitz@nasa.gov RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598 FU NASA; NASA at Goddard Space Flight Center FX he authors thank Chaim Garfinkel for the Rossby wave source calculations, NASA's MAP program for funding, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. MMH acknowledges support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9659 EP 9669 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9659-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700015 ER PT J AU Abad, GG Allen, NDC Bernath, PF Boone, CD McLeod, SD Manney, GL Toon, GC Carouge, C Wang, Y Wu, S Barkley, MP Palmer, PI Xiao, Y Fu, TM AF Abad, G. Gonzalez Allen, N. D. C. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. McLeod, S. D. Manney, G. L. Toon, G. C. Carouge, C. Wang, Y. Wu, S. Barkley, M. P. Palmer, P. I. Xiao, Y. Fu, T. M. TI Ethane, ethyne and carbon monoxide concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from ACE and GEOS-Chem: a comparison study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; FTS SATELLITE INSTRUMENT; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CO; TRACE; HCN; RETRIEVALS; SCIAMACHY AB Near global upper tropospheric concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), ethane (C2H6) and ethyne (C2H2) from ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) Fourier transform spectrometer on board the Canadian satellite SCISAT-1 are presented and compared with the output from the Chemical Transport Model (CTM) GEOS-Chem. The retrievals of ethane and ethyne from ACE have been improved for this paper by using new sets of microwindows compared with those for previous versions of ACE data. With the improved ethyne retrieval we have been able to produce a near global upper tropospheric distribution of C2H2 from space. Carbon monoxide, ethane and ethyne concentrations retrieved using ACE spectra show the expected seasonality linked to variations in the anthropogenic emissions and destruction rates as well as seasonal biomass burning activity. The GEOS-Chem model was run using the dicarbonyl chemistry suite, an extended chemical mechanism in which ethyne is treated explicitly. Seasonal cycles observed from satellite data are well reproduced by the model output, however the simulated CO concentrations are found to be systematically biased low over the Northern Hemisphere. An average negative global mean bias of 12% and 7% of the model relative to the satellite observations has been found for CO and C2H6 respectively and a positive global mean bias of 1% has been found for C2H2. ACE data are compared for validation purposes with MkIV spectrometer data and Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) TRACE-A campaign data showing good agreement with all of them. C1 [Abad, G. Gonzalez; Allen, N. D. C.; Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Boone, C. D.; McLeod, S. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Manney, G. L.; Toon, G. C.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Carouge, C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carouge, C.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Barkley, M. P.] Univ Leicester, EOS Grp, Coll Sci & Engn, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Barkley, M. P.; Palmer, P. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Xiao, Y.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Fu, T. M.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Abad, GG (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM gga500@york.ac.uk RI Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Fu, Tzung-May/N-3418-2015 OI Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; FU Canadian Space Agency; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); Wild Fund; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The ACE mission is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Funding was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), in part through the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). Gonzalo Gonzalez Abad thanks the Wild Fund for support. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9927 EP 9941 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9927-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700033 ER PT J AU Zheng, X Albrecht, B Jonsson, HH Khelif, D Feingold, G Minnis, P Ayers, K Chuang, P Donaher, S Rossiter, D Ghate, V Ruiz-Plancarte, J Sun-Mack, S AF Zheng, X. Albrecht, B. Jonsson, H. H. Khelif, D. Feingold, G. Minnis, P. Ayers, K. Chuang, P. Donaher, S. Rossiter, D. Ghate, V. Ruiz-Plancarte, J. Sun-Mack, S. TI Observations of the boundary layer, cloud, and aerosol variability in the southeast Pacific near-coastal marine stratocumulus during VOCALS-REx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIURNAL CYCLE; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; EAST PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; ENTRAINMENT; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; OCEAN; JET AB Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20 degrees S, 72 degrees W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. On days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences, the BL at Point Alpha was typical of a non-drizzling stratocumulus-topped BL. Entrainment rates calculated from the near cloud-top fluxes and turbulence in the BL at Point Alpha appeared to be weaker than those in the BL over the open ocean west of Point Alpha and the BL near the coast of the northeast Pacific. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) varied between 15 gm(-2) and 160 gm(-2). The BL had a depth of 1140 +/- 120 m, was generally well-mixed and capped by a sharp inversion without predominately synoptic and mesoscale influences. The wind direction generally switched from southerly within the BL to northerly above the inversion. On days when a synoptic system and related mesoscale costal circulations affected conditions at Point Alpha (29 October-4 November), a moist layer above the inversion moved over Point Alpha, and the total-water mixing ratio above the inversion was larger than that within the BL. The accumulation mode aerosol varied from 250 to 700 cm(-3) within the BL, and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation within the BL ranged between 150 and 550 cm(-3). The main aerosol source at Point Alpha was horizontal advection within the BL from south. The average cloud droplet number concentration ranged between 80 and 400 cm(-3). While the mean LWP retrieved from GOES was in good agreement with the in situ measurements, the GOES-derived cloud droplet effective radius tended to be larger than that from the aircraft in situ observations near cloud top. The aerosol and cloud LWP relationship reveals that during the typical well-mixed BL days the cloud LWP increased with the CCN concentrations. On the other hand, meteorological factors and the decoupling processes have large influences on the cloud LWP variation as well. C1 [Zheng, X.; Albrecht, B.; Donaher, S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Khelif, D.; Ruiz-Plancarte, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Minnis, P.; Ayers, K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chuang, P.; Rossiter, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ghate, V.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Sun-Mack, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Zheng, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xzheng@rsmas.miami.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Zheng, Xue/F-9988-2016; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Zheng, Xue/0000-0002-9372-1776; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; FU ONR [N000140810465, N000140810438]; NOAA/CPPA [NA08OAR4320889]; NASA; Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; NOAA FX The observations used in this study were made possible through the dedicated efforts of several individuals. Pilots Mike Hubble and Chris McGuire were instrumental in the development and execution of the flight plans and endured the long ferry of the Twin Otter aircraft to Iquique Chile and back. This work was supported by ONR grant N000140810465 and the NOAA/CPPA Program under grant NA08OAR4320889. Djamal Khelif was supported by ONR grant N000140810438. P. Minnis, K. Ayers, and S. Sun-Mack were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program, the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Project, and the Department of Energy ARM Program through DE-AI02-07ER64546. Graham Feingold was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9943 EP 9959 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9943-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700034 ER PT J AU Taylor, JR Randel, WJ Jensen, EJ AF Taylor, J. R. Randel, W. J. Jensen, E. J. TI Cirrus cloud-temperature interactions in the tropical tropopause layer: a case study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GPS RADIO OCCULTATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; WATER-VAPOR; LIDAR; THIN; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; STRATOSPHERE AB Thin cirrus clouds in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) have important ramifications for radiative transfer, stratospheric humidity, and vertical transport. A horizontally extensive and vertically thin cirrus cloud in the TTL was detected by the Cloud Aerosol LIDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) on 27-29 January 2009 in the Tropical Eastern Pacific region, distant from any regions of deep convection. These observations indicate that the cloud is close to 3000 km in length along the CALIPSO orbit track. Measurements over this three day period indicate that the cloud event extended over a region from approximately 15 degrees S to 10 degrees N and 90 degrees W to 150 degrees W and may be one of the most extensive cirrus events ever observed. Coincident temperature observations from the Constellation of Observing Satellites for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) suggest that the cloud formed in-situ as a result of a cold anomaly arising from a midlatitude intrusion. The event appears to last for up to 2 days and the temperature observations do not show any indication of the expected infrared heating. It is hypothesized that the cloud could be maintained by either nucleation of numerous small ice crystals that don't sediment or by multiple localized ice nucleation events driven by temperature variability at scales smaller than the overall cloud field, producing small ice-crystal sizes which have sufficiently long residence times (approximate to 53 h) to maintain the cloud. It is possible that the residence times are augmented by vertical motion which could also act to offset the expected infrared heating. Further observations of similar events will be required in order to conclusively explain this curious cloud. C1 [Taylor, J. R.; Randel, W. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jensen, E. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Taylor, JR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM taylor@ucar.edu RI Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 FU NASA; National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to thank the CALIPSO and COSMIC Science Teams for providing cloud and temperature data, respectively. We thank Charles Bardeen, Steven Massie, Darryn Waugh, and Fei Wu for discussions and comments on the manuscript. We especially thank Mijeong Park at NCAR for producing the PV maps in Fig. 9. This work is partially supported by the NASA GNSS program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 19 BP 10085 EP 10095 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10085-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839HW UT WOS:000296357300005 ER PT J AU Fountoukis, C Racherla, PN van der Gon, HACD Polymeneas, P Charalampidis, PE Pilinis, C Wiedensohler, A Dall'Osto, M O'Dowd, C Pandis, SN AF Fountoukis, C. Racherla, P. N. van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier Polymeneas, P. Charalampidis, P. E. Pilinis, C. Wiedensohler, A. Dall'Osto, M. O'Dowd, C. Pandis, S. N. TI Evaluation of a three-dimensional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) in the European domain during the EUCAARI May 2008 campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS; WILD-LAND FIRES; AIR-QUALITY; MASS-SPECTROMETER; MEXICO-CITY; MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT-2008; POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS AB PMCAMx-2008, a detailed three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM), was applied to Europe to simulate the mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) during May 2008. The model includes a state-of-the-art organic aerosol module which is based on the volatility basis set framework treating both primary and secondary organic components as semivolatile and photochemically reactive. The model performance is evaluated against high time resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) ground and airborne measurements. Overall, organic aerosol is predicted to account for 32% of total PM1 at ground level during May 2008, followed by sulfate (30%), crustal material and sea-salt (14%), ammonium (13%), nitrate (7%), and elemental carbon (4%). The model predicts that fresh primary OA (POA) is a small contributor to organic PM concentrations in Europe during late spring, and that oxygenated species (oxidized primary and biogenic secondary) dominate the ambient OA. The Mediterranean region is the only area in Europe where sulfate concentrations are predicted to be much higher than the OA, while organic matter is predicted to be the dominant PM1 species in central and northern Europe. The comparison of the model predictions with the ground measurements in four measurement stations is encouraging. The model reproduces more than 94% of the daily averaged data and more than 87% of the hourly data within a factor of 2 for PM1 OA. The model tends to predict relatively flat diurnal profiles for PM1 OA in many areas, both rural and urban in agreement with the available measurements. The model performance against the high time resolution airborne measurements at multiple altitudes and locations is as good as its performance against the ground level hourly measurements. There is no evidence of missing sources of OA aloft over Europe during this period. C1 [Fountoukis, C.; Pandis, S. N.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras, Greece. [Racherla, P. N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. [Polymeneas, P.; Charalampidis, P. E.; Pilinis, C.] Univ Aegean, Dept Environm, Mitilini 81100, Greece. [Wiedensohler, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Dall'Osto, M.; O'Dowd, C.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Dall'Osto, M.; O'Dowd, C.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland. [Pandis, S. N.] Univ Patras, Dept Chem Engn, GR-26110 Patras, Greece. [Pandis, S. N.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Pandis, SN (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras, Greece. EM spyros@andrew.cmu.edu RI Racherla, Pavan/B-4846-2013; Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Wiedensohler, Alfred/D-1223-2013; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; OI O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795; dallosto, manuel/0000-0003-4203-894X FU European Commission [34684]; European Community; NERC ADIENT [NE/E011101/1] FX This work was funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme project EUCAARI (contract 34684). C. Fountoukis was partially supported by a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. The UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft was supported by NERC ADIENT project NE/E011101/1. We thank W. T. Morgan and H. Coe for provision of the aircraft AMS data. The NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Facility for Ground based Atmospheric Measurements (FGAM) supported the maintenance of the cToF-AMS. The authors would like to thank A. Mensah and A. Kiendler-Scharr for providing the measurement data from Cabauw, L. Poulain, G. Spindler, H. Herrmann and W. Birmili for the Melpitz data, L. Hildebrandt and the Carnegie Mellon University and the Paul Scherrer Institute teams for the Finokalia AMS measurements, Mikhail Sofiev for assistance with the fire emission inventory. Chlorofyll-a data used in this study for the emission fields were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (GIOVANNI) as part of the NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). NR 79 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 20 BP 10331 EP 10347 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10331-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842IW UT WOS:000296593000003 ER PT J AU Jethva, H Torres, O AF Jethva, H. Torres, O. TI Satellite-based evidence of wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in biomass burning smoke inferred from Ozone Monitoring Instrument SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; AMAZON BASIN; PARTICLES; AERONET; ALGORITHM AB We provide satellite-based evidence of the spectral dependence of absorption in biomass burning aerosols over South America using near-UV measurements made by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during 2005-2007. In the current near-UV OMI aerosol algorithm (OMAERUV), it is implicitly assumed that the only absorbing component in carbonaceous aerosols is black carbon whose imaginary component of the refractive index is wavelength independent. With this assumption, OMI-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) is found to be significantly over-estimated compared to that of AERONET at several sites during intense biomass burning events (August-September). Other well-known sources of error affecting the near-UV method of aerosol retrieval do not explain the large observed AOD discrepancies between the satellite and the ground-based observations. A number of studies have revealed strong spectral dependence in carbonaceous aerosol absorption in the near-UV region suggesting the presence of organic carbon in biomass burning generated aerosols. A sensitivity analysis examining the importance of accounting for the presence of wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in carbonaceous particles in satellite-based remote sensing was carried out in this work. The results convincingly show that the inclusion of spectrally-dependent aerosol absorption in the radiative transfer calculations leads to a more accurate characterization of the atmospheric load of carbonaceous aerosols. The use of a new set of aerosol models assuming wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in the near-UV region (Absorption Angstrom Exponent lambda(-2.5) (to -3.0)) improved the OMAERUV retrieval results by significantly reducing the AOD bias observed when gray aerosols were assumed. In addition, the new retrieval of single-scattering albedo is in better agreement with those of AERONET within the uncertainties (Delta SSA =+/-0.03). The new colored carbonaceous aerosol model was also found to reproduce the ground-based AOD observations over the biomass burning region of central Africa and northern India. Together with demonstrating a significant improvement in the retrieval of aerosol properties from OMI, the present study highlights the greater sensitivity of the near-UV measurements to the varying spectral aerosol absorption. This capability can be explored further for the use in the identification of the black carbon and organics in the biomass burning aerosols. C1 [Jethva, H.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jethva, H (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM hiren.jethva@hamptonu.edu RI Jethva, Hiren/H-2258-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013 OI Jethva, Hiren/0000-0002-5408-9886; NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 20 BP 10541 EP 10551 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10541-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842IW UT WOS:000296593000015 ER PT J AU Kim, D Chin, M Yu, H Eck, TF Sinyuk, A Smirnov, A Holben, BN AF Kim, D. Chin, M. Yu, H. Eck, T. F. Sinyuk, A. Smirnov, A. Holben, B. N. TI Dust optical properties over North Africa and Arabian Peninsula derived from the AERONET dataset SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SAHARAN DUST; DESERT DUST; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ANGSTROM EXPONENT; IRON-OXIDES; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE AB Dust optical properties over North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula are extracted from the quality assured multi-year datasets obtained at 14 sites of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). We select the data with (a) large aerosol optical depth (AOD >= 0.4 at 440 nm) and (b) small angstrom ngstrom exponent (angstrom(ext) <= 0.2) for retaining high accuracy and reducing interference of non-dust aerosols. The result indicates that the major fraction of high aerosol optical depth days are dominated by dust over these sites even though it varies depending on location and time. We have found that the annual mean and standard deviation of single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, real refractive index, and imaginary refractive index for Saharan and Arabian desert dust is 0.944 +/- 0.005, 0.752 +/- 0.014, 1.498 +/- 0.032, and 0.0024 +/- 0.0034 at 550 nm wavelength, respectively. Dust aerosol selected by this method is less absorbing than the previously reported values over these sites. The weaker absorption of dust from this study is consistent with the studies using remote sensing techniques from satellite. These results can help to constrain uncertainties in estimating global dust shortwave radiative forcing. C1 [Kim, D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Kim, D.; Chin, M.; Yu, H.; Eck, T. F.; Sinyuk, A.; Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yu, H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, D.; Eck, T. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Sinyuk, A.; Smirnov, A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM dongchul.kim@nasa.gov RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Kim, Dongchul/H-2256-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Kim, Dongchul/0000-0002-5659-1394; FU NASA FX This work is supported by NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) and EOS Programs. We would like to thank the principal investigators (D. Tanre, B. Mougenot, B. Duchemin, E. Cuevas-Agullo, N. Al-Abbadi, R. T. Pinker, B. Chatenet, P. Goloub, and E. Cuevas-Agullo) and technicians of AERONET sites used in this study. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 20 BP 10733 EP 10741 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10733-2011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842IW UT WOS:000296593000028 ER PT J AU Shephard, MW Cady-Pereira, KE Luo, M Henze, DK Pinder, RW Walker, JT Rinsland, CP Bash, JO Zhu, L Payne, VH Clarisse, L AF Shephard, M. W. Cady-Pereira, K. E. Luo, M. Henze, D. K. Pinder, R. W. Walker, J. T. Rinsland, C. P. Bash, J. O. Zhu, L. Payne, V. H. Clarisse, L. TI TES ammonia retrieval strategy and global observations of the spatial and seasonal variability of ammonia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; UNITED-STATES; GEOS-CHEM; MODEL; SULFATE; NH3; INVENTORY; POLLUTION; AEROSOLS AB Presently only limited sets of tropospheric ammonia (NH3) measurements in the Earth's atmosphere have been reported from satellite and surface station measurements, despite the well-documented negative impact of NH3 on the environment and human health. Presented here is a detailed description of the satellite retrieval strategy and analysis for the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using simulations and measurements. These results show that: (i) the level of detectability for a representative boundary layer TES NH3 mixing ratio value is similar to 0.4 ppbv, which typically corresponds to a profile that contains a maximum level value of similar to 1 ppbv; (ii) TES NH3 retrievals generally provide at most one degree of freedom for signal (DOFS), with peak sensitivity between 700 and 900 mbar; (iii) TES NH3 retrievals show significant spatial and seasonal variability of NH3 globally; (iv) initial comparisons of TES observations with GEOS-CHEM estimates show TES values being higher overall. Important differences and similarities between modeled and observed seasonal and spatial trends are noted, with discrepancies indicating areas where the timing and magnitude of modeled NH3 emissions from agricultural sources, and to lesser extent biomass burning sources, need further study. C1 [Shephard, M. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Cady-Pereira, K. E.; Payne, V. H.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Henze, D. K.; Zhu, L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pinder, R. W.; Walker, J. T.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Clarisse, L.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Rinsland, C. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Shephard, MW (reprint author), Atmospher & Climate Applicat ACApps Inc, E Gwillimbury, ON, Canada. EM mark.shephard@acappsinc.com RI Henze, Daven/A-1920-2012; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Payne, Vivienne/D-9713-2012; Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA [NNX10AG63G, EPA-STAR RD83455901] FX We would like to dedicate this article to our good friend and colleague Curtis Rinsland who passed away during review process of this publication. He was a very dedicated and accomplished scientist who will be greatly missed by our scientific community. We would like to thank Tom Connor, Alan Lipton, Jean-Luc Moncet, and Gennady Uymin of AER for building an OSS version for TES. We would also like to thank Reinhard Beer and Shepard A. (Tony) Clough for their initial retrieval support. Research was partially supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Contributions at CU Boulder recognize support from NASA grant NNX10AG63G and EPA-STAR RD83455901. Research at NASA Langley Research Center was supported under a proposal funded by NASA. L. Clarisse is supported as a Postdoctoral Researcher with F.R.S.-FNRS. Although this paper has been reviewed by both EC and EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA or EC policies or views. NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 20 BP 10743 EP 10763 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10743-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842IW UT WOS:000296593000029 ER PT J AU Messerschmidt, J Geibel, MC Blumenstock, T Chen, H Deutscher, NM Engel, A Feist, DG Gerbig, C Gisi, M Hase, F Katrynski, K Kolle, O Lavric, JV Notholt, J Palm, M Ramonet, M Rettinger, M Schmidt, M Sussmann, R Toon, GC Truong, F Warneke, T Wennberg, PO Wunch, D Xueref-Remy, I AF Messerschmidt, J. Geibel, M. C. Blumenstock, T. Chen, H. Deutscher, N. M. Engel, A. Feist, D. G. Gerbig, C. Gisi, M. Hase, F. Katrynski, K. Kolle, O. Lavric, J. V. Notholt, J. Palm, M. Ramonet, M. Rettinger, M. Schmidt, M. Sussmann, R. Toon, G. C. Truong, F. Warneke, T. Wennberg, P. O. Wunch, D. Xueref-Remy, I. TI Calibration of TCCON column-averaged CO2: the first aircraft campaign over European TCCON sites SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETRY; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OBSERVING NETWORK; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; SPECTRA; SYSTEM AB The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a ground-based network of Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sites around the globe, where the column abundances of CO2, CH4, N2O, CO and O-2 are measured. CO2 is constrained with a precision better than 0.25% (1-sigma). To achieve a similarly high accuracy, calibration to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards is required. This paper introduces the first aircraft calibration campaign of five European TCCON sites and a mobile FTS instrument. A series of WMO standards in-situ profiles were obtained over European TCCON sites via aircraft and compared with retrievals of CO2 column amounts from the TCCON instruments. The results of the campaign show that the FTS measurements are consistently biased 1.1%+/-0.2% low with respect to WMO standards, in agreement with previous TCCON calibration campaigns. The standard a priori profile for the TCCON FTS retrievals is shown to not add a bias. The same calibration factor is generated using aircraft profiles as a priori and with the TCCON standard a priori. With a calibration to WMO standards, the highly precise TCCON CO2 measurements of total column concentrations provide a suitable database for the calibration and validation of nadir-viewing satellites. C1 [Messerschmidt, J.; Deutscher, N. M.; Notholt, J.; Palm, M.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Geibel, M. C.; Chen, H.; Feist, D. G.; Gerbig, C.; Kolle, O.; Lavric, J. V.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Blumenstock, T.; Gisi, M.; Hase, F.] KIT, IMK ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Rettinger, M.; Sussmann, R.] KIT, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Truong, F.; Xueref-Remy, I.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Katrynski, K.] AeroMeteo Serv, Bialystok, Poland. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Messerschmidt, J.; Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Messerschmidt, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM messerschmidt@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de RI Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014; Lavric, Jost/H-4487-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Feist, Dietrich/B-6489-2013; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Geibel, Marc/B-8591-2015; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015 OI Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935; Lavric, Jost/0000-0003-3610-9078; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Geibel, Marc/0000-0002-7369-0781; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577 FU European Commission; NASA [NNX08AI86G] FX We acknowledge the support of the European Commission within the 6th Framework Program through the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative IMECC (Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle) and the Integrated Project GEOmon (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring).; Implementation of TCCON data processing is supported by a grant from NASA's Carbon Cycle Program (NNX08AI86G) to the California Institute of Technology. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 10765 EP 10777 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10765-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900001 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Li, QB Jin, J Liu, H Livesey, N Jiang, JH Mao, Y Chen, D Luo, M Chen, Y AF Zhang, L. Li, Q. B. Jin, J. Liu, H. Livesey, N. Jiang, J. H. Mao, Y. Chen, D. Luo, M. Chen, Y. TI Impacts of 2006 Indonesian fires and dynamics on tropical upper tropospheric carbon monoxide and ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRE; EL-NINO; AURA SATELLITE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; MOIST CONVECTION; EQUATORIAL ASIA; TRANSPORT MODEL; CHEMISTRY AB We investigate the relative impacts of biomass burning emissions and dynamics on tropical upper tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) over western and central Indonesia during the August-November 2006 fires in equatorial Asia by using a global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem) and by comparing model results with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations of upper tropospheric CO and O-3. GEOS-Chem CO and O-3 show similarities with MLS observed enhancements from convective lifting of fire emissions. In the tropical upper troposphere (UT), fire effluents from equatorial Asia are primarily transported southwestward to the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, driven by the high-pressure systems along 10 degrees N-15 degrees N and 10 degrees S-15 degrees S latitudes, and northeastward to southeast Asia and beyond, driven by the western North Pacific subtropical high. A characteristic feature of these CO enhancements is that they lag behind biomass burning emissions (by 2-3 weeks) at the three pressure levels 215, 147 and 100 hPa, resulting from the decreasing influence of deep convective lifting with altitude in the tropical UT. Inclusion of biomass burning injection height significantly improves model comparison with observations. We estimate the fire influences by contrasting one model simulation with year-specific and another with climatological biomass burning emissions. Biomass burning accounts for about 50-150 ppbv of CO and 5-15 ppbv of O-3 in the tropical UT below 100 hPa during October and November, with temporal variations driven by biomass burning and deep convection. We estimate the dynamic impacts by examining the difference between a model simulation for 2006 (El Nino) and another for 2005 (neutral). The dynamic impacts are far more complex and account for up to 100 ppbv of CO and 30 ppbv of O-3 in the tropical UT below 100 hPa. The temporal variation of the dynamic impact on CO is driven by deep convection. The variation of the dynamic impact on O-3 depends on deep convection as well as the associated lightning NOx emissions and also reflects non-linearity of O-3 chemistry. C1 [Zhang, L.; Li, Q. B.; Mao, Y.; Chen, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Zhang, L.; Li, Q. B.; Mao, Y.; Chen, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Jin, J.; Livesey, N.; Jiang, J. H.; Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Liu, H.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Chen, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Li, QB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM qli@atmos.ucla.edu RI Jin, Jianjun/G-8357-2012; Chen, Yang/C-6529-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; ZHANG, LI/C-6743-2015; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016 OI Chen, Yang/0000-0002-0993-7081; FU NASA from the ACMAP [NNX09AF07G, NNX08AF64G]; NASA FX This research was supported in part by NASA grants NNX09AF07G and NNX08AF64G from the ACMAP program. We also acknowledge supports by the NASA Aura Science Team program. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling group at Harvard University with support from the NASA ACMAP program. Work at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 10929 EP 10946 DI 10.5194/acp-11-10929-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900011 ER PT J AU Hornbrook, RS Blake, DR Diskin, GS Fried, A Fuelberg, HE Meinardi, S Mikoviny, T Richter, D Sachse, GW Vay, SA Walega, J Weibring, P Weinheimer, AJ Wiedinmyer, C Wisthaler, A Hills, A Riemer, DD Apel, EC AF Hornbrook, R. S. Blake, D. R. Diskin, G. S. Fried, A. Fuelberg, H. E. Meinardi, S. Mikoviny, T. Richter, D. Sachse, G. W. Vay, S. A. Walega, J. Weibring, P. Weinheimer, A. J. Wiedinmyer, C. Wisthaler, A. Hills, A. Riemer, D. D. Apel, E. C. TI Observations of nonmethane organic compounds during ARCTAS - Part 1: Biomass burning emissions and plume enhancements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST-FIRE PLUMES; TRACE GASES; MEXICO-CITY; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; TROPICAL FOREST; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SAVANNA FIRES AB Mixing ratios of a large number of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) were observed by the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) on board the NASA DC-8 as part of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaign. Many of these NMOCs were observed concurrently by one or both of two other NMOC measurement techniques on board the DC-8: proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and whole air canister sampling (WAS). A comparison of these measurements to the data from TOGA indicates good agreement for the majority of co-measured NMOCs. The ARCTAS study, which included both spring and summer deployments, provided opportunities to sample a large number of biomass burning (BB) plumes with origins in Asia, California and central Canada, ranging from very recent emissions to plumes aged one week or more. For this analysis, BB smoke interceptions were grouped by flight, source region and, in some cases, time of day, generating 40 identified BB plumes for analysis. Normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs) to CO were determined for each of the 40 plumes for up to 19 different NMOCs or NMOC groups. Although the majority of observed NEMRs for individual NMOCs or NMOC groups were in agreement with previously-reported values, the observed NEMRs to CO for ethanol, a rarely quantified gas-phase trace gas, ranged from values similar to those previously reported, to up to an order of magnitude greater. Notably, though variable between plumes, observed NEMRs of individual light alkanes are highly correlated within BB emissions, independent of estimated plume ages. BB emissions of oxygenated NMOC were also found to be often well-correlated. Using the NCAR Master Mechanism chemical box model initialized with concentrations based on two observed scenarios, fresh Canadian BB and fresh Californian BB, decreases are predicted for the low molecular weight carbonyls (i.e. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) and alcohols (i.e. methanol and ethanol) as the plumes evolve in time, i.e. the production of these compounds is less than the chemical loss. Comparisons of the modeled NEMRs to the observed NEMRs from BB plumes estimated to be three days in age or less indicate overall good agreement. C1 [Hornbrook, R. S.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Hills, A.; Apel, E. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Diskin, G. S.; Sachse, G. W.; Vay, S. A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Mikoviny, T.; Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hornbrook, RS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM rsh@ucar.edu OI Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554 FU NASA [X08AD33G]; National Science Foundation FX HCN data were provided courtesy of Paul Wennberg, John Crounse and Andreas Kurten at the California Institute of Technology. The authors thank the crew and support team for the NASA DC-8 aircraft, and Isobel Simpson, Simone Tilmes and Thomas Karl for helpful comments and discussion. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NASA (Grant No. X08AD33G). PTR-MS measurements were supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung, and were carried out with the help of M. Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 80 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 55 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 11103 EP 11130 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11103-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900021 ER PT J AU Cionni, I Eyring, V Lamarque, JF Randel, WJ Stevenson, DS Wu, F Bodeker, GE Shepherd, TG Shindell, DT Waugh, DW AF Cionni, I. Eyring, V. Lamarque, J. F. Randel, W. J. Stevenson, D. S. Wu, F. Bodeker, G. E. Shepherd, T. G. Shindell, D. T. Waugh, D. W. TI Ozone database in support of CMIP5 simulations: results and corresponding radiative forcing SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; IMPACT; AIR; EMISSIONS; METHANE AB A continuous tropospheric and stratospheric vertically resolved ozone time series, from 1850 to 2099, has been generated to be used as forcing in global climate models that do not include interactive chemistry. A multiple linear regression analysis of SAGE I+II satellite observations and polar ozonesonde measurements is used for the stratospheric zonal mean dataset during the well-observed period from 1979 to 2009. In addition to terms describing the mean annual cycle, the regression includes terms representing equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) and the 11-yr solar cycle variability. The EESC regression fit coefficients, together with pre-1979 EESC values, are used to extrapolate the stratospheric ozone time series backward to 1850. While a similar procedure could be used to extrapolate into the future, coupled chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations indicate that future stratospheric ozone abundances are likely to be significantly affected by climate change, and capturing such effects through a regression model approach is not feasible. Therefore, the stratospheric ozone dataset is extended into the future (merged in 2009) with multi-model mean projections from 13 CCMs that performed a simulation until 2099 under the SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) A1B greenhouse gas scenario and the A1 adjusted halogen scenario in the second round of the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal-2) Activity. The stratospheric zonal mean ozone time series is merged with a three-dimensional tropospheric data set extracted from simulations of the past by two CCMs (CAM3.5 and GISS-PUCCINI) and of the future by one CCM (CAM3.5). The future tropospheric ozone time series continues the historical CAM3.5 simulation until 2099 following the four different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Generally good agreement is found between the historical segment of the ozone database and satellite observations, although it should be noted that total column ozone is overestimated in the southern polar latitudes during spring and tropospheric column ozone is slightly underestimated. Vertical profiles of tropospheric ozone are broadly consistent with ozonesondes and in-situ measurements, with some deviations in regions of biomass burning. The tropospheric ozone radiative forcing (RF) from the 1850s to the 2000s is 0.23Wm(-2), lower than previous results. The lower value is mainly due to (i) a smaller increase in biomass burning emissions; (ii) a larger influence of stratospheric ozone depletion on upper tropospheric ozone at high southern latitudes; and possibly (iii) a larger influence of clouds (which act to reduce the net forcing) compared to previous radiative forcing calculations. Over the same period, decreases in stratospheric ozone, mainly at high latitudes, produce a RF of -0.08W m(-2), which is more negative than the central Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) value of -0.05W m(-2), but which is within the stated range of -0.15 to +0.05W m(-2). The more negative value is explained by the fact that the regression model simulates significant ozone depletion prior to 1979, in line with the increase in EESC and as confirmed by CCMs, while the AR4 assumed no change in stratospheric RF prior to 1979. A negative RF of similar magnitude persists into the future, although its location shifts from high latitudes to the tropics. This shift is due to increases in polar stratospheric ozone, but decreases in tropical lower stratospheric ozone, related toa strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, particularly through the latter half of the 21st century. Differences in trends in tropospheric ozone among the four RCPs are mainly driven by different methane concentrations, resulting in a range of tropospheric ozone RFs between 0.4 and 0.1W m(-2) by 2100. The ozone dataset described here has been released for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model simulations in netCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Convention at the PCMDI website (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/). C1 [Cionni, I.; Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Lamarque, J. F.; Randel, W. J.; Wu, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Bodeker, G. E.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cionni, I (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM irene.cionni@dlr.de RI Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Bodeker, Greg/A-8870-2008; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Randel, William/K-3267-2016; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016 OI Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Bodeker, Greg/0000-0003-1094-5852; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885 NR 87 TC 105 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 21 BP 11267 EP 11292 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11267-2011 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847IZ UT WOS:000296967900031 ER PT J AU Kim, SW McKeen, SA Frost, GJ Lee, SH Trainer, M Richter, A Angevine, WM Atlas, E Bianco, L Boersma, KF Brioude, J Burrows, JP de Gouw, J Fried, A Gleason, J Hilboll, A Mellqvist, J Peischl, J Richter, D Rivera, C Ryerson, T Hekkert, STL Walega, J Warneke, C Weibring, P Williams, E AF Kim, S-W McKeen, S. A. Frost, G. J. Lee, S-H Trainer, M. Richter, A. Angevine, W. M. Atlas, E. Bianco, L. Boersma, K. F. Brioude, J. Burrows, J. P. de Gouw, J. Fried, A. Gleason, J. Hilboll, A. Mellqvist, J. Peischl, J. Richter, D. Rivera, C. Ryerson, T. Hekkert, S. Te Lintel Walega, J. Warneke, C. Weibring, P. Williams, E. TI Evaluations of NOx and highly reactive VOC emission inventories in Texas and their implications for ozone plume simulations during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC NO2; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; FIELD CAMPAIGN; WRF MODEL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COLUMN RETRIEVAL; HOUSTON; AEROSOL; ENSEMBLE AB Satellite and aircraft observations made during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) detected strong urban, industrial and power plant plumes in Texas. We simulated these plumes using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with input from the US EPA's 2005 National Emission Inventory (NEI-2005), in order to evaluate emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the cities of Houston and Dallas-FortWorth. We compared the model results with satellite retrievals of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and airborne in-situ observations of several trace gases including NOx and a number of VOCs. The model and satellite NO2 columns agree well for regions with large power plants and for urban areas that are dominated by mobile sources, such as Dallas. How-ever, in Houston, where significant mobile, industrial, and inport marine vessel sources contribute to NOx emissions, the model NO2 columns are approximately 50 %-70 % higher than the satellite columns. Similar conclusions are drawn from comparisons of the model results with the TexAQS 2006 aircraft observations in Dallas and Houston. For Dallas plumes, the model-simulated NO2 showed good agreement with the aircraft observations. In contrast, the model-simulated NO2 is similar to 60 % higher than the aircraft observations in the Houston plumes. Further analysis indicates that the NEI-2005 NOx emissions over the Houston Ship Channel area are overestimated while the urban Houston NOx emissions are reasonably represented. The comparisons of model and aircraft observations confirm that highly reactive VOC emissions originating from industrial sources in Houston are underestimated in NEI-2005. The update of VOC emissions based on Solar Occultation Flux measurements during the field campaign leads to improved model simulations of ethylene, propylene, and formaldehyde. Reducing NOx emissions in the Houston Ship Channel and increasing highly reactive VOC emissions from the point sources in Houston improve the model's capability of simulating ozone (O-3) plumes observed by the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, although the deficiencies in the model O-3 simulations indicate that many challenges remain for a full understanding of the O-3 formation mechanisms in Houston. C1 [Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Trainer, M.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.; Hilboll, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Atmospher & Marine Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Boersma, K. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Boersma, K. F.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Burrows, J. P.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] NCAR, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gleason, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mellqvist, J.; Rivera, C.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hekkert, S. Te Lintel] Sensor Sense, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov RI Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hilboll, Andreas/A-6612-2011; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Rivera, Claudia/L-4669-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Gleason, James/E-1421-2012; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Rivera, Claudia/B-5605-2012; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013 OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hilboll, Andreas/0000-0002-1038-6248; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; FU NOAA; NOAA through the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; University of Bremen; European Union FX The authors would like to thank Bryan Lambeth from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for providing the surface observation data and the La Porte wind profiler data. The authors thank Jim Corbett and Jordan Silberman for assistance with the ship emission analysis. The authors would like to thank TCEQ for support of the evaluation of the emission inventory using satellite observations. NOAA Health of Atmosphere Program supports this study. This work is partially funded by the NOAA United States Weather Research Program through the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research. Some of the satellite retrievals used in this study were funded by the University of Bremen and the European Union through the ACCENT project. The Dutch-Finnish built OMI is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. NR 72 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11361 EP 11386 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11361-2011 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200003 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, MM Newman, PA Garfinkel, CI AF Hurwitz, M. M. Newman, P. A. Garfinkel, C. I. TI The Arctic vortex in March 2011: a dynamical perspective SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; STRATOSPHERE; OSCILLATION AB Despite the record ozone loss observed in March 2011, dynamical conditions in the Arctic stratosphere were unusual but not unprecedented. Weak planetary wave driving in February preceded cold anomalies in the polar lower stratosphere in March and a relatively late breakup of the Arctic vortex in April. La Nina conditions and the westerly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) were observed in March 2011. Though these conditions are generally associated with a stronger vortex in mid-winter, the respective cold anomalies do not persist through March. Therefore, the La Nina and QBO-westerly conditions cannot explain the observed cold anomalies in March 2011. In contrast, positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific may have contributed to the unusually weak tropospheric wave driving and strong Arctic vortex in late winter 2011. C1 [Hurwitz, M. M.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Hurwitz, M. M.; Newman, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Garfinkel, C. I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hurwitz, MM (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM margaret.m.hurwitz@nasa.gov RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; garfinkel, chaim/H-6215-2012 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; garfinkel, chaim/0000-0001-7258-666X FU NASA FX The authors thank Eric Nash for providing vortex breakup dates, the chemistry-climate modelling group at NASA GSFC and two anonymous referees for their helpful feedback, and NASA's ACMAP program for funding. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11447 EP 11453 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11447-2011 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200008 ER PT J AU Fried, A Cantrell, C Olson, J Crawford, JH Weibring, P Walega, J Richter, D Junkermann, W Volkamer, R Sinreich, R Heikes, BG O'Sullivan, D Blake, DR Blake, N Meinardi, S Apel, E Weinheimer, A Knapp, D Perring, A Cohen, RC Fuelberg, H Shetter, RE Hall, SR Ullmann, K Brune, WH Mao, J Ren, X Huey, LG Singh, HB Hair, JW Riemer, D Diskin, G Sachse, G AF Fried, A. Cantrell, C. Olson, J. Crawford, J. H. Weibring, P. Walega, J. Richter, D. Junkermann, W. Volkamer, R. Sinreich, R. Heikes, B. G. O'Sullivan, D. Blake, D. R. Blake, N. Meinardi, S. Apel, E. Weinheimer, A. Knapp, D. Perring, A. Cohen, R. C. Fuelberg, H. Shetter, R. E. Hall, S. R. Ullmann, K. Brune, W. H. Mao, J. Ren, X. Huey, L. G. Singh, H. B. Hair, J. W. Riemer, D. Diskin, G. Sachse, G. TI Detailed comparisons of airborne formaldehyde measurements with box models during the 2006 INTEX-B and MILAGRO campaigns: potential evidence for significant impacts of unmeasured and multi-generation volatile organic carbon compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; MCM V3 PART; MEXICO-CITY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; AMBIENT FORMALDEHYDE; FIELD CAMPAIGN; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Detailed comparisons of airborne CH2O measurements acquired by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with steady state box model calculations were carried out using data from the 2006 INTEX-B and MILARGO campaign in order to improve our understanding of hydrocarbon oxidation processing. This study includes comparisons over Mexico (including Mexico City), the Gulf of Mexico, parts of the continental United States near the Gulf coast, as well as the more remote Pacific Ocean, and focuses on comparisons in the boundary layer. Select previous comparisons in other campaigns have highlighted some locations in the boundary layer where steady state box models have tended to underpredict CH2O, suggesting that standard steady state modeling assumptions might be unsuitable under these conditions, and pointing to a possible role for unmeasured hydrocarbons and/or additional primary emission sources of CH2O. Employing an improved instrument, more detailed measurement-model comparisons with better temporal overlap, up-to-date measurement and model precision estimates, up-to-date rate constants, and additional modeling tools based on both Lagrangian and Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) runs, we have explained much of the disagreement between observed and predicted CH2O as resulting from non-steady-state atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of large pollution sources, and have quantified the disagreement as a function of plume lifetime (processing time). We show that in the near field (within similar to 4 to 6 h of the source), steady-state models can either over-or-underestimate observations, depending on the predominant non-steady-state influence. In addition, we show that even far field processes (10-40 h) can be influenced by non-steady-state conditions which can be responsible for CH2O model underestimations by similar to 20 %. At the longer processing times in the 10 to 40 h range during Mexico City outflow events, MCM model calculations, using assumptions about initial amounts of high-order NMHCs, further indicate the potential importance of CH2O produced from unmeasured and multigeneration hydrocarbon oxidation compounds, particularly methylglyoxal, 3-hydroxypropanal, and butan-3-one-al. C1 [Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Walega, J.; Richter, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cantrell, C.; Apel, E.; Weinheimer, A.; Knapp, D.; Shetter, R. E.; Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Junkermann, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Volkamer, R.; Sinreich, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [O'Sullivan, D.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Blake, N.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Perring, A.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. [Fuelberg, H.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mao, J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ren, X.; Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Hair, J. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Lidar Applicat Grp, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Fried, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO USA. EM fried@ucar.edu RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Junkermann, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7461-3024 FU National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. This research was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Program and by funds from NSF in support of the MIRAGE Study. The authors acknowledge the NASA/University of North Dakota DC-8 staff and crew for their support and assistance and Jack Fox and Ken Harris, both formerly with NCAR. We also acknowledge Bruce Morley and Gordon Farquharson for the SABL (Scanning Aerosol Backscatter Lidar) aerosol measurements on the C-130 and Dustin Phillips and Kevin Knupp at the University of Alabama in Huntsville for their profiler data. We also acknowledge Thomas Wagner, Ulrich Platt and Luisa Molina for loan of equipment and support in generating the DOAS dataset. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11867 EP 11894 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11867-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200036 ER PT J AU Cubison, MJ Ortega, AM Hayes, PL Farmer, DK Day, D Lechner, MJ Brune, WH Apel, E Diskin, GS Fisher, JA Fuelberg, HE Hecobian, A Knapp, DJ Mikoviny, T Riemer, D Sachse, GW Sessions, W Weber, RJ Weinheimer, AJ Wisthaler, A Jimenez, JL AF Cubison, M. J. Ortega, A. M. Hayes, P. L. Farmer, D. K. Day, D. Lechner, M. J. Brune, W. H. Apel, E. Diskin, G. S. Fisher, J. A. Fuelberg, H. E. Hecobian, A. Knapp, D. J. Mikoviny, T. Riemer, D. Sachse, G. W. Sessions, W. Weber, R. J. Weinheimer, A. J. Wisthaler, A. Jimenez, J. L. TI Effects of aging on organic aerosol from open biomass burning smoke in aircraft and laboratory studies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETER DATA; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; HIGH-RESOLUTION; HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; AMBIENT AEROSOL; MEXICO-CITY; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS AB Biomass burning (BB) is a large source of primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA). This study addresses the physical and chemical evolution of BB organic aerosols. Firstly, the evolution and lifetime of BB POA and SOA signatures observed with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer are investigated, focusing on measurements at high-latitudes acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS mission, in comparison to data from other field studies and from laboratory aging experiments. The parameter f(60), the ratio of the integrated signal at m/z 60 to the total signal in the organic component mass spectrum, is used as a marker to study the rate of oxidation and fate of the BB POA. A background level of f(60) similar to 0.3% +/- 0.06% for SOA-dominated ambient OA is shown to be an appropriate background level for this tracer. Using also f(44) as a tracer for SOA and aged POA and a surrogate of organic O:C, a novel graphical method is presented to characterise the aging of BB plumes. Similar trends of decreasing f(60) and increasing f(44) with aging are observed in most field and lab studies. At least some very aged BB plumes retain a clear f(60) signature. A statistically significant difference in f(60) between highly-oxygenated OA of BB and non-BB origin is observed using this tracer, consistent with a substantial contribution of BBOA to the springtime Arctic aerosol burden in 2008. Secondly, a summary is presented of results on the net enhancement of OA with aging of BB plumes, which shows large variability. The estimates of net OA gain range from Delta OA/Delta CO(mass) = -0.01 to similar to 0.05, with a mean Delta OA/POA similar to 19%. With these ratios and global inventories of BB CO and POA a global net OA source due to aging of BB plumes of similar to 8 +/- 7 TgOA yr(-1) is estimated, of the order of 5% of recent total OA source estimates. Further field data following BB plume advection should be a focus of future research in order to better constrain this potentially important contribution to the OA burden. C1 [Cubison, M. J.; Ortega, A. M.; Hayes, P. L.; Farmer, D. K.; Day, D.; Lechner, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Hayes, P. L.; Farmer, D. K.; Day, D.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Apel, E.; Knapp, D. J.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fisher, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fuelberg, H. E.; Sessions, W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hecobian, A.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, T.; Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sachse, G. W.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Sessions, Walter/O-8096-2014; Hecobian, Arsineh/A-9743-2012; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Ortega, Amber/B-5548-2014 OI Sessions, Walter/0000-0002-5376-4894; Hecobian, Arsineh/0000-0001-9511-4868; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Ortega, Amber/0000-0002-4381-7892 FU NASA [NNX08AD39G]; EPA [R833747]; DOE [DE-SC0006035]; DOE SCGF [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; [CARB-08-319] FX The authors would like to extend thanks to the entire ARCTAS science and operational teams for their diligent and much-appreciated efforts before, during and after the mission. Stephanie Vay of NASA Langley is acknowledged for contributing her CO2 data for our responses to the reviews. We acknowledge the following grants: NASA NNX08AD39G, EPA grant R833747, DOE (BER/ASR Program) DE-SC0006035, and CARB-08-319. AMO was partially supported by a DOE SCGF Fellowship (ORAU, ORISE, DE-AC05-06OR23100). PTR-MS measurements were supported by the PTR-MS Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung, and were carried out with the help/support of M. Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. NR 86 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 15 U2 79 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 23 BP 12049 EP 12064 DI 10.5194/acp-11-12049-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AD UT WOS:000298134300009 ER PT J AU Wunch, D Wennberg, PO Toon, GC Connor, BJ Fisher, B Osterman, GB Frankenberg, C Mandrake, L O'Dell, C Ahonen, P Biraud, SC Castano, R Cressie, N Crisp, D Deutscher, NM Eldering, A Fisher, ML Griffith, DWT Gunson, M Heikkinen, P Keppel-Aleks, G Kyro, E Lindenmaier, R Macatangay, R Mendonca, J Messerschmidt, J Miller, CE Morino, I Notholt, J Oyafuso, FA Rettinger, M Robinson, J Roehl, CM Salawitch, RJ Sherlock, V Strong, K Sussmann, R Tanaka, T Thompson, DR Uchino, O Warneke, T Wofsy, SC AF Wunch, D. Wennberg, P. O. Toon, G. C. Connor, B. J. Fisher, B. Osterman, G. B. Frankenberg, C. Mandrake, L. O'Dell, C. Ahonen, P. Biraud, S. C. Castano, R. Cressie, N. Crisp, D. Deutscher, N. M. Eldering, A. Fisher, M. L. Griffith, D. W. T. Gunson, M. Heikkinen, P. Keppel-Aleks, G. Kyro, E. Lindenmaier, R. Macatangay, R. Mendonca, J. Messerschmidt, J. Miller, C. E. Morino, I. Notholt, J. Oyafuso, F. A. Rettinger, M. Robinson, J. Roehl, C. M. Salawitch, R. J. Sherlock, V. Strong, K. Sussmann, R. Tanaka, T. Thompson, D. R. Uchino, O. Warneke, T. Wofsy, S. C. TI A method for evaluating bias in global measurements of CO2 total columns from space SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID O-2 A-BAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; OBSERVING NETWORK; LINE PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPECTRA; CALIBRATION; GASES; SPECTROMETER AB We describe a method of evaluating systematic errors in measurements of total column dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (X-CO2) from space, and we illustrate the method by applying it to the v2.8 Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space retrievals of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (ACOS-GOSAT) measurements over land. The approach exploits the lack of large gradients in X-CO2 south of 25 degrees S to identify large-scale offsets and other biases in the ACOS-GOSAT data with several retrieval parameters and errors in instrument calibration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by comparing the ACOS-GOSAT data in the Northern Hemisphere with ground truth provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We use the observed correlation between free-tropospheric potential temperature and X-CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere to define a dynamically informed coincidence criterion between the ground-based TCCON measurements and the ACOS-GOSAT measurements. We illustrate that this approach provides larger sample sizes, hence giving a more robust comparison than one that simply uses time, latitude and longitude criteria. Our results show that the agreement with the TCCON data improves after accounting for the systematic errors, but that extrapolation to conditions found outside the region south of 25 degrees S may be problematic (e. g., high airmasses, large surface pressure biases, M-gain, measurements made over ocean). A preliminary evaluation of the improved v2.9 ACOS-GOSAT data is also discussed. C1 [Wunch, D.; Toon, G. C.; Fisher, B.; Osterman, G. B.; Frankenberg, C.; Mandrake, L.; Castano, R.; Crisp, D.; Eldering, A.; Gunson, M.; Miller, C. E.; Oyafuso, F. A.; Roehl, C. M.; Thompson, D. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Connor, B. J.] BC Consulting Ltd, Alexandra, New Zealand. [O'Dell, C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ahonen, P.; Heikkinen, P.; Kyro, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Cressie, N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Deutscher, N. M.; Messerschmidt, J.; Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Macatangay, R.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Morino, I.; Tanaka, T.; Uchino, O.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Rettinger, M.; Sussmann, R.] IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Robinson, J.; Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, M. L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. [Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Wunch, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dwunch@gps.caltech.edu RI Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen/A-3239-2013; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Cressie, Noel/B-8858-2009; Heikkinen, Pauli/G-3478-2014; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009 OI Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Cressie, Noel/0000-0002-0274-8050; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832 FU NASA [NNX11AG01G]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program; DOE/ARM; OCO; OCO-2 project; Australian Research Council [LE0668470, DP0879468, DP110103118, LP0562346]; New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology [C01X0204, CO1X0406]; Senate of Bremen; EU; Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canadian Space Agency; Environment Canada; Government of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Innovation Trust; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Ontario Research Fund FX The authors wish to thank Sergey Oshchepkov, Peter Rayner, editor Ilse Aben and an anonymous reviewer for insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. We had enlightening discussions with Hiroshi Suto (JAXA) about the apparent time-dependent drift in the ACOS-GOSAT data. GOSAT spectra were kindly provided to the California Institute of Technology through an RA agreement with JAXA, NIES and the MOE. US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program, grant number NNX11AG01G, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program, the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program and the DOE/ARM Program. The Darwin TCCON site was built at Caltech with funding from the OCO project, and is operated by the University of Wollongong, with travel funds for maintenance and equipment costs funded by the OCO-2 project. We acknowledge funding to support Darwin and Wollongong from the Australian Research Council, Projects LE0668470, DP0879468, DP110103118 and LP0562346. Lauder TCCON measurements are funded by New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology contracts C01X0204 and CO1X0406. We acknowledge financial support of the Bialystok and Orleans TCCON sites from the Senate of Bremen and EU projects IMECC and GEOmon as well as maintenance and logistical work provided by AeroMeteo Service (Bialystok) and the RAMCES team at LSCE (Gif-sur-Yvette, France). The PEARL Bruker 125HR measurements at Eureka were made by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), led by James R. Drummond, and in part by the Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns, led by Kaley A. Walker. They were supported by the Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Canadian Space Agency, Environment Canada, Government of Canada International Polar Year funding, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Northern Scientific Training Program, Ontario Innovation Trust, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and Ontario Research Fund. The authors wish to thank Rebecca Batchelor and Ashley Harrett for the near-infrared upgrade of the instrument, PEARL site manager Pierre Fogal, the staff at the Eureka weather station, and the CANDAC operators for the logistical and on-site support provided at Eureka. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NCEP Reanalysis data is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. NR 47 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 23 BP 12317 EP 12337 DI 10.5194/acp-11-12317-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AD UT WOS:000298134300025 ER PT J AU Kleb, MM Chen, G Crawford, JH Flocke, FM Brown, CC AF Kleb, M. M. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Flocke, F. M. Brown, C. C. TI An overview of measurement comparisons from the INTEX-B/MILAGRO airborne field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; INSTRUMENT INTERCOMPARISONS; TROPOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION; HYDROXYL INSTRUMENTATION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; DISULFIDE; TRANSPORT AB As part of the NASA's INTEX-B mission, the NASA DC-8 and NSF C-130 conducted three wing-tip to wing-tip comparison flights. The intercomparison flights sampled a variety of atmospheric conditions (polluted urban, non-polluted, marine boundary layer, clean and polluted free troposphere). These comparisons form a basis to establish data consistency, but also should also be viewed as a continuation of efforts aiming to better understand and reduce measurement differences as identified in earlier field intercomparison exercises. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of 140 intercomparisons of data collected as well as a record of the measurement consistency demonstrated during INTEX-B. It is the primary goal to provide necessary information for the future research to determine if the observations from different INTEX-B platforms/instrument are consistent within the PI reported uncertainties and used in integrated analysis. This paper may also contribute to the formulation strategy for future instrument developments. For interpretation and most effective use of these results, the reader is strongly urged to consult with the instrument principle investigator. C1 [Kleb, M. M.; Chen, G.; Crawford, J. H.; Brown, C. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Flocke, F. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Brown, C. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Kleb, MM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM mary.m.kleb@nasa.gov RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013 OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934 FU National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Tropospheric Chemistry (TCP) and Making Earth System data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Programs for their support of the measurements and intercomparisons presented in this paper. We also thank the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program for support of this study. We would like to thank the pilots and crew of the NASA DC-8 and the NSF C-130 and the INTEX-B and IMPEX/MILAGRO science teams for contributing to the success of this study. Finally, we thank Ms. Amy Thornhill for her assistance in acquiring additional uncertainty information from principal investigators. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 9 EP 27 DI 10.5194/amt-4-9-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GB UT WOS:000286721900002 ER PT J AU Pumphrey, HC Lambert, A Livesey, NJ AF Pumphrey, H. C. Lambert, A. Livesey, N. J. TI Observation of the exhaust plume from the space shuttle main engines using the microwave limb sounder SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; WATER-VAPOR; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; SUMMER MESOSPHERE; MLS; OZONE AB A space shuttle launch deposits 700 tonnes of water in the atmosphere. Some of this water is released into the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere where it may be directly detected by a limb sounding satellite instrument. We report measurements of water vapour plumes from shuttle launches made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite. Approximately 50%-65% of shuttle launches are detected by MLS. The signal appears at a similar level across the upper 10 km of the MLS limb scan, suggesting that the bulk of the observed water is above the top of the scan. Only a small fraction at best of smaller launches (Ariane 5, Proton) are detected. We conclude that the sensitivity of MLS is only just great enough to detect a shuttle sized launch, but that a suitably designed instrument of the same general type could detect the exhausts from a large proportion of heavy-lift launches. C1 [Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lambert, A.; Livesey, N. J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Pumphrey, HC (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. EM h.c.pumphrey@ed.ac.uk FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Edinburgh FX Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. HCP thanks the University of Edinburgh for granting the sabbatical time during which this paper was written. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.5194/amt-4-89-2011 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GB UT WOS:000286721900007 ER PT J AU Kittaka, C Winker, DM Vaughan, MA Omar, A Remer, LA AF Kittaka, C. Winker, D. M. Vaughan, M. A. Omar, A. Remer, L. A. TI Intercomparison of column aerosol optical depths from CALIPSO and MODIS-Aqua SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIDAR; CLOUDS; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; PRODUCTS; MISSION; VIEW AB The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is carried on the CALIPSO satellite and has acquired global aerosol profiles since June 2006. CALIPSO is flown in formation with the Aqua satellite as part of the A-train satellite constellation, so that a large number of coincident aerosol observations are available from CALIOP and the MODIS-Aqua instrument. This study compares column aerosol optical depth at 0.532 mu m derived from CALIOP aerosol profiles with MODIS-Aqua 0.55 mu m aerosol optical depth over the period June 2006 through August 2008. The study is based on the CALIOP Version 2 Aerosol Layer Product and MODIS Collection 5. While CALIOP is first and foremost a profiling instrument, this comparison of column aerosol optical depth provides insight into quality of CALIOP aerosol data. It is found that daytime aerosol optical depth from the CALIOP Version 2 product has only a small global mean bias relative to MODIS Collection 5. Regional biases, of both signs, are larger and biases are seen to vary somewhat with season. Good agreement between the two sensors in ocean regions with low cloudiness suggests that the selection of lidar ratios used in the CALIOP aerosol retrieval is sufficient to provide a regional mean AOD consistent with that retrieved from MODIS. Although differences over land are observed to be larger than over ocean, the bias between CALIOP and MODIS AOD on a regional-seasonal basis is found to be roughly within the envelope of the MODIS expected uncertainty over land and ocean. This work forms a basis for further comparisons using the recently released CALIOP Version 3 data. C1 [Winker, D. M.; Vaughan, M. A.; Omar, A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Kittaka, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Winker, DM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM david.m.winker@nasa.gov RI Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 FU NASAs Earth Science Enterprise FX This work was performed under funding from NASAs Earth Science Enterprise. NR 20 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.5194/amt-4-131-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JZ UT WOS:000287796100001 ER PT J AU Roesch, A Wild, M Ohmura, A Dutton, EG Long, CN Zhang, T AF Roesch, A. Wild, M. Ohmura, A. Dutton, E. G. Long, C. N. Zhang, T. TI Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; MODELS; GCMS AB The integrity of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) radiation monthly averages are assessed by investigating the impact on monthly means due to the frequency of data gaps caused by missing or discarded high time resolution data. The monthly statistics, especially means, are considered to be important and useful values for climate research, model performance evaluations and for assessing the quality of satellite (time- and space-averaged) data products. The study investigates the spread in different algorithms that have been applied for the computation of monthly means from 1-min values. The paper reveals that the computation of monthly means from 1-min observations distinctly depends on the method utilized to account for the missing data. The intra-method difference generally increases with an increasing fraction of missing data. We found that a substantial fraction of the radiation fluxes observed at BSRN sites is either missing or flagged as questionable. The percentage of missing data is 4.4%, 13.0%, and 6.5% for global radiation, direct shortwave radiation, and downwelling longwave radiation, respectively. Most flagged data in the shortwave are due to nighttime instrumental noise and can reasonably be set to zero after correcting for thermal offsets in the daytime data. The study demonstrates that the handling of flagged data clearly impacts on monthly mean estimates obtained with different methods. We showed that the spread of monthly shortwave fluxes is generally clearly higher than for downwelling longwave radiation. Overall, BSRN observations provide sufficient accuracy and completeness for reliable estimates of monthly mean values. However, the value of future data could be further increased by reducing the frequency of data gaps and the number of outliers. It is shown that two independent methods for accounting for the diurnal and seasonal variations in the missing data permit consistent monthly means to within less than 1 W m(-2) in most cases. The authors suggest using a standardized method for the computation of monthly means which addresses diurnal variations in the missing data in order to avoid a mismatch of future published monthly mean radiation fluxes from BSRN. The application of robust statistics would probably lead to less biased results for data records with frequent gaps and/or flagged data and outliers. The currently applied empirical methods should, therefore, be completed by the development of robust methods. C1 [Roesch, A.; Wild, M.; Ohmura, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Zhang, T.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Roesch, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012 FU Atsumu Ohmura from ETH Zurich FX The research reported herein was sponsored in part by Atsumu Ohmura from ETH Zurich. The contributions of data from all the various field sites to the BSRN archive is greatly appreciated. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.5194/amt-4-339-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JZ UT WOS:000287796100013 ER PT J AU Taha, G Rault, DF Loughman, RP Bourassa, AE von Savigny, C AF Taha, G. Rault, D. F. Loughman, R. P. Bourassa, A. E. von Savigny, C. TI SCIAMACHY stratospheric aerosol extinction profile retrieval using the OMPS/LP algorithm SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIMB SCATTER MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOLAR-RADIATION; OZONE; SENSITIVITY; WAVELENGTHS; MISSION; CLOUDS AB The Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite, Limp Profiler (OMPS/LP) algorithm is used to retrieve ozone concentration and aerosol extinction profiles using a series of 120 SCIAMACHY limb measurements collocated with SAGE II solar occultation events. The primary goal of the study is to ascertain the capability of the OMPS/LP retrieval algorithm to accurately retrieve the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient so as to better account for aerosol effects in the ozone profiling retrieval process. Using simulated radiances, we show that the aerosol extinction coefficient can be retrieved from limb scatter measurements within 5% and a standard deviation better than 15%, which is more than sufficient to improve the OMPS/LP ozone products to be used as Environmental Data Records. We also illustrate the ability of SCIAMACHY limb measurements to retrieve stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles with accuracy comparable to other instruments. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles agree with collocated SAGE II measurements on average to within 25%, with a standard deviation of 35%. C1 [Taha, G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Rault, D. F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Loughman, R. P.] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Bourassa, A. E.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [von Savigny, C.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. RP Taha, G (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM ghassan.taha-1@nasa.gov RI von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014 FU NASA [NNL07AA00C] FX The authors wish to acknowledge valuable discussions and comments with B. Wenny, K.-U. Eichmann, T. Sonkaew, and J. Burrows. We would also like to acknowledge valuable remarks given by two anonymous reviewers. Thanks to ESA for providing SCIAMACHY level 1 data used in this study, Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen for providing the IUP ozone profiles, and for the SAGE II team at NASA LaRC for processing SAGE II version 6.2 measurements. The initial work took place during a visit by G. Taha at the University of Bremen. One of the Authors, G. Taha, is supported by NASA grant NNL07AA00C. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.5194/amt-4-547-2011 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742AR UT WOS:000288911000012 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Holben, BN Giles, DM Slutsker, I O'Neill, NT Eck, TF Macke, A Croot, P Courcoux, Y Sakerin, SM Smyth, TJ Zielinski, T Zibordi, G Goes, JI Harvey, MJ Quinn, PK Nelson, NB Radionov, VF Duarte, CM Losno, R Sciare, J Voss, KJ Kinne, S Nalli, NR Joseph, E Moorthy, KK Covert, DS Gulev, SK Milinevsky, G Larouche, P Belanger, S Horne, E Chin, M Remer, LA Kahn, RA Reid, JS Schulz, M Heald, CL Zhang, J Lapina, K Kleidman, RG Griesfeller, J Gaitley, BJ Tan, Q Diehl, TL AF Smirnov, A. Holben, B. N. Giles, D. M. Slutsker, I. O'Neill, N. T. Eck, T. F. Macke, A. Croot, P. Courcoux, Y. Sakerin, S. M. Smyth, T. J. Zielinski, T. Zibordi, G. Goes, J. I. Harvey, M. J. Quinn, P. K. Nelson, N. B. Radionov, V. F. Duarte, C. M. Losno, R. Sciare, J. Voss, K. J. Kinne, S. Nalli, N. R. Joseph, E. Moorthy, K. Krishna Covert, D. S. Gulev, S. K. Milinevsky, G. Larouche, P. Belanger, S. Horne, E. Chin, M. Remer, L. A. Kahn, R. A. Reid, J. S. Schulz, M. Heald, C. L. Zhang, J. Lapina, K. Kleidman, R. G. Griesfeller, J. Gaitley, B. J. Tan, Q. Diehl, T. L. TI Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET - first results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SEA-SALT; GOCART MODEL; AEROCOM; MODIS; PREINDUSTRIAL; ASSIMILATION; THICKNESS; OCEAN AB The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations. C1 [Smirnov, A.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.; Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Eck, T. F.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Macke, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Croot, P.] Univ Kiel IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany. [Courcoux, Y.] Univ Reunion, OPAR, St Denis, Reunion. [Sakerin, S. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia. [Smyth, T. J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Zielinski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. [Zibordi, G.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Goes, J. I.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA. [Harvey, M. J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Radionov, V. F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. [Duarte, C. M.] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 12, Creteil, France. [Sciare, J.; Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Voss, K. J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Kinne, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. [Nalli, N. R.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Moorthy, K. Krishna] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gulev, S. K.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Milinevsky, G.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Space Phys Lab, Kiev, Ukraine. [Larouche, P.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ, Canada. [Belanger, S.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Horne, E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Bedford, NS, Canada. [Chin, M.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Remer, L. A.; Kleidman, R. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Heald, C. L.; Lapina, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Kleidman, R. G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Gaitley, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM alexander.smirnov-1@nasa.gov RI Gulev, Sergey/A-4994-2014; Harvey, Mike/A-5354-2010; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Nelson, Norman/B-7343-2014; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013 OI Harvey, Mike/0000-0002-0979-0227; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Moorthy, K. Krishna/0000-0002-7234-3868; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Nelson, Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080 FU Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) FX The authors thank Hal Maring (NASA Headquarters) for his support of AERONET. The authors would like to acknowledge managerial and operational support from M. Sorokin, A. Scully, A. Tran, P. Kenny, D. Hamilton, L. Bariteau, R. Dunn, M. Conley, P. Schoessow, H. Gomes, L. Logan, M. Reynolds, A. Flores, D. A. Siegel, A. Proshutinsky, L. Rainville, A. Jayakumar, S. Schick, D. Menzies, E. Emry, C. Swan, K. G. Fairbarn (USA); M. Panchenko, O. Kopelevich, A. Sinitsyn, D. Kabanov, A. Tikhomirov, A. Kalsin, S. Terpugova, V. Polkin (Sr), V. Polkin (Jr), N. Vlasov, Y. Turchinovich, A. Gubin, Y. Zyulyaeva (Russia); P. Goloub, L. Blarel, S. Triquet, P. Hernandez, V. Duflot, T. Lecointre, S. Barataud, P. Ricaud, P. Sangiardi, A. Kartavtseff, J.-F. Ternon, F. Jourdin, C. Petus, J. Nicolas, S. Devidal, L. Martinon, M. Faillot, F. Gabarrot, N. Villeneuve, I. Jubert, M. Barblu, G. Duval (France); C. Powell, C. Gallienne (UK); C. Schlosser, Y. Zoll, M. Schlundt, M. Heller, T. Hanschmann, K. Lengfeld, A. Tessendorf, N. Renkosik, T. Heus, K. Lonitz, B. Quack, T. Dinter, A. Wassmann, M. Schlundt, B. Pospichal, F. Wittrock (Germany); A. Bromley, R. Martin, G. Brailsford (New Zealand); J. Kowalczyk, A. Ponczkowska, J. Pasnicki, K. Zielinski, P. Makuch, B. Lednicka (Poland); K. Niranjan, S. Babu, S. K. Satheesh, V. S. Nair, S. N. Beegum (India), S. Piketh, D. Williams, B. Kuyper, E. Robertson (South Africa), L. Jankowski, R. Matarrese (Italy), R. M. Castillo (Spain). One of the co-authors (Jean Sciare) would like to thank Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) for the support provided within the AEROTRACE project. NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 583 EP 597 DI 10.5194/amt-4-583-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742AR UT WOS:000288911000015 ER PT J AU Hornbrook, RS Crawford, JH Edwards, GD Goyea, O Mauldin, RL Olson, JS Cantrell, CA AF Hornbrook, R. S. Crawford, J. H. Edwards, G. D. Goyea, O. Mauldin, R. L., III Olson, J. S. Cantrell, C. A. TI Measurements of tropospheric HO2 and RO2 by oxygen dilution modulation and chemical ionization mass spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXY-RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; WATER-VAPOR; OH; PACIFIC; TRANSPORT; HYDROXYL; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB An improved method for the measurement of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2, where R is any organic group) has been developed that combines two previous chemical conversion/chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) peroxy radical measurement techniques. Applicable to both ground-based and aircraft platforms, the method provides good separation between HO2 and RO2, and frequent measurement capability with observations of both HO2 and HO2 + RO2 amounts each minute. These improvements allow for analyses of measured [HO2]/[HO2 + RO2] ratios on timescales relevant to tropospheric photochemistry. By varying both [NO] and [O-2] simultaneously in the chemical conversion region of the PeRCIMS (Peroxy Radical CIMS) inlet, the method exploits the changing conversion efficiency of RO2 to HO2 under different inlet [NO]/[O-2] to selectively observe either primarily HO2 or the sum of HO2 and RO2. Two modes of operation have been established for ambient measurements: in the first half of the minute, RO2 radicals are measured at close to 100% efficiency along with HO2 radicals (low [NO]/[O-2] = 2.53 x 10(-5)) and in the second half of the minute, HO2 is detected while the majority of ambient RO2 radicals are measured with low efficiency, approximately 15% (high [NO]/[O-2] = 6.80 x 10(-4)). The method has been tested extensively in the laboratory under various conditions and for a variety of organic peroxy radicals relevant to the atmosphere and the results of these tests are presented. The modified PeRCIMS instrument has been deployed successfully using the new measurement technique on a number of aircraft campaigns, including on the NSF/NCAR C-130 during the MIRAGE-Mex and NASA INTEX-B field campaigns in the spring of 2006. A brief comparison of the peroxy radical measurements during these campaigns to a photochemical box model indicates good agreement under tropospheric conditions where NOx (NO + NO2) concentrations are lower than 0.5 ppbV (parts per billion by volume). C1 [Hornbrook, R. S.; Edwards, G. D.; Goyea, O.; Mauldin, R. L., III; Cantrell, C. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Crawford, J. H.; Olson, J. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Mauldin, R. L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. RP Hornbrook, RS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, 1850 Table Mesa Dr,POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM rsh@ucar.edu RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554 FU NASA [NNG06GB67G]; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank Fred Eisele and Edward Kosciuch for their instrument expertise and advice, Andrew Weinheimer for providing the NOx data from the MIRAGE field campaign, and the crew and support team for the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft. The authors also thank Geoff Tyndall and Wengang Zheng for helpful discussion. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NASA (Grant No. NNG06GB67G). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 735 EP 756 DI 10.5194/amt-4-735-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MY UT WOS:000290017400007 ER PT J AU Dubovik, O Herman, M Holdak, A Lapyonok, T Tanre, D Deuze, JL Ducos, F Sinyuk, A Lopatin, A AF Dubovik, O. Herman, M. Holdak, A. Lapyonok, T. Tanre, D. Deuze, J. L. Ducos, F. Sinyuk, A. Lopatin, A. TI Statistically optimized inversion algorithm for enhanced retrieval of aerosol properties from spectral multi-angle polarimetric satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; NETWORK AERONET OBSERVATIONS; REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; MINERAL DUST TYPES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; PHOTOPOLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; SPACEBORNE MEASUREMENTS AB The proposed development is an attempt to enhance aerosol retrieval by emphasizing statistical optimization in inversion of advanced satellite observations. This optimization concept improves retrieval accuracy relying on the knowledge of measurement error distribution. Efficient application of such optimization requires pronounced data redundancy (excess of the measurements number over number of unknowns) that is not common in satellite observations. The POLDER imager on board the PARASOL microsatellite registers spectral polarimetric characteristics of the reflected atmospheric radiation at up to 16 viewing directions over each observed pixel. The completeness of such observations is notably higher than for most currently operating passive satellite aerosol sensors. This provides an opportunity for profound utilization of statistical optimization principles in satellite data inversion. The proposed retrieval scheme is designed as statistically optimized multi-variable fitting of all available angular observations obtained by the POLDER sensor in the window spectral channels where absorption by gas is minimal. The total number of such observations by PARASOL always exceeds a hundred over each pixel and the statistical optimization concept promises to be efficient even if the algorithm retrieves several tens of aerosol parameters. Based on this idea, the proposed algorithm uses a large number of unknowns and is aimed at retrieval of extended set of parameters affecting measured radiation. The algorithm is designed to retrieve complete aerosol properties globally. Over land, the algorithm retrieves the parameters of underlying surface simultaneously with aerosol. In all situations, the approach is anticipated to achieve a robust retrieval of complete aerosol properties including information about aerosol particle sizes, shape, absorption and composition (refractive index). In order to achieve reliable retrieval from PARASOL observations even over very reflective desert surfaces, the algorithm was designed as simultaneous inversion of a large group of pixels within one or several images. Such multi-pixel retrieval regime takes advantage of known limitations on spatial and temporal variability in both aerosol and surface properties. Specifically the variations of the retrieved parameters horizontally from pixel-to-pixel and/or temporary from day-to-day are enforced to be smooth by additional a priori constraints. This concept is expected to provide satellite retrieval of higher consistency, because the retrieval over each single pixel will be benefiting from coincident aerosol information from neighboring pixels, as well, from the information about surface reflectance (over land) obtained in preceding and consequent observations over the same pixel. The paper provides in depth description of the proposed inversion concept, illustrates the algorithm performance by a series of numerical tests and presents the examples of preliminary retrieval results obtained from actual PARASOL observations. It should be noted that many aspects of the described algorithm design considerably benefited from experience accumulated in the preceding effort on developments of currently operating AERONET and PARASOL retrievals, as well as several core software C1 [Dubovik, O.; Herman, M.; Holdak, A.; Lapyonok, T.; Tanre, D.; Deuze, J. L.; Ducos, F.; Lopatin, A.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, UMR8518, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Lopatin, A.] Inst Phys, Lab Scattering Media, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. [Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dubovik, O (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, UMR8518, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM dubovik@loa.univ-lille1.fr RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460 FU CNES; CNRS; University of Lille; Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais; CNRS-INSU FX PARASOL is the second microsatellite in the Myriade series developed by the French Space Agency (CNES). The authors thank the ICARE Data and Services Center for providing access to the PARASOL data and for general assistance and development support. This research has been supported by CNES, CNRS, the University of Lille, and Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The authors are thankful to AERONET and PHOTONS for establishing and maintaining the sites used in this work. The authors also thank M. King, A. Kokhanovsky, E. Zege, T. Zao, A. Davis and two anonymous reviewers for reading the manuscript and providing valuable comments and corrections. The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 119 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 7 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 975 EP 1018 DI 10.5194/amt-4-975-2011 PG 44 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770MM UT WOS:000291090800018 ER PT J AU Morino, I Uchino, O Inoue, M Yoshida, Y Yokota, T Wennberg, PO Toon, GC Wunch, D Roehl, CM Notholt, J Warneke, T Messerschmidt, J Griffith, DWT Deutscher, NM Sherlock, V Connor, B Robinson, J Sussmann, R Rettinger, M AF Morino, I. Uchino, O. Inoue, M. Yoshida, Y. Yokota, T. Wennberg, P. O. Toon, G. C. Wunch, D. Roehl, C. M. Notholt, J. Warneke, T. Messerschmidt, J. Griffith, D. W. T. Deutscher, N. M. Sherlock, V. Connor, B. Robinson, J. Sussmann, R. Rettinger, M. TI Preliminary validation of column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and methane retrieved from GOSAT short-wavelength infrared spectra SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; CO2; CH4; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION; ABSORPTION; SCIAMACHY; DATABASE; NETWORK; REGION AB Column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and methane retrieved from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed observation (GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4)) were compared with the reference calibrated data obtained by ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometers (g-b FTSs) participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Preliminary results are as follows: the GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4) (Version 01.xx) are biased low by 8.85 +/- 4.75 ppm (2.3 +/- 1.2 %) and 20.4 +/- 18.9 ppb (1.2 +/- 1.1 %), respectively. The standard deviation of the GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4) is about 1% (1 sigma) after correcting the negative biases of X(CO2) and X(CH4) by 8.85 ppm and 20.4 ppb, respectively. The latitudinal distributions of zonal means of the GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4) show similar features to those of the g-b FTS data except for the negative biases in the GOSAT data. C1 [Morino, I.; Uchino, O.; Inoue, M.; Yoshida, Y.; Yokota, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.; Roehl, C. M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.; Messerschmidt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Griffith, D. W. T.; Deutscher, N. M.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Sherlock, V.; Connor, B.; Robinson, J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Sussmann, R.; Rettinger, M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Uchino, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM uchino.osamu@nies.go.jp RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Inoue, Makoto/M-8505-2014; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Inoue, Makoto/0000-0002-6826-5334; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU Ministry of the Environment in Japan; NASA; Orbiting Carbon Observatory; EU; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [CO1X0204, CO1X0406] FX We express our sincere thanks to the members of the NIES GOSAT project office, data algorithm team, atmospheric transport modeling team for their useful comments. We thank Nobuyuki Kikuchi in NIES and Komei Yamaguchi in the Japan Weather Association for plotting the data. We would like to thank anonymous referees and the associated editor for improving this paper. This work was funded by the Ministry of the Environment in Japan. We also thank NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory for their support of TCCON, and acknowledge support from the EU within the projects GEOMON and IMECC. The Lauder TCCON measurements are funded by New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology contracts CO1X0204 and CO1X0406. We thank the members of RAMCES team at LSCE (Gif-sur-Yvette) for maintaining the FTS at the Trainou station and providing station logistics. NR 35 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1076 DI 10.5194/amt-4-1061-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781NP UT WOS:000291940400006 ER PT J AU Leblanc, T Walsh, TD McDermid, IS Toon, GC Blavier, JF Haines, B Read, WG Herman, B Fetzer, E Sander, S Pongetti, T Whiteman, DN McGee, TG Twigg, L Sumnicht, G Venable, D Calhoun, M Dirisu, A Hurst, D Jordan, A Hall, E Miloshevich, L Vomel, H Straub, C Kampfer, N Nedoluha, GE Gomez, RM Holub, K Gutman, S Braun, J Vanhove, T Stiller, G Hauchecorne, A AF Leblanc, T. Walsh, T. D. McDermid, I. S. Toon, G. C. Blavier, J. -F. Haines, B. Read, W. G. Herman, B. Fetzer, E. Sander, S. Pongetti, T. Whiteman, D. N. McGee, T. G. Twigg, L. Sumnicht, G. Venable, D. Calhoun, M. Dirisu, A. Hurst, D. Jordan, A. Hall, E. Miloshevich, L. Voemel, H. Straub, C. Kampfer, N. Nedoluha, G. E. Gomez, R. M. Holub, K. Gutman, S. Braun, J. Vanhove, T. Stiller, G. Hauchecorne, A. TI Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments (MOHAVE)-2009: overview of campaign operations and results SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; PERFORMANCE RAMAN LIDAR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; GPS METEOROLOGY; OZONE LIDAR; RADIOSONDE; NETWORK; INCREASE AB The Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiment (MOHAVE) 2009 campaign took place on 11-27 October 2009 at the JPL Table Mountain Facility in California (TMF). The main objectives of the campaign were to (1) validate the water vapor measurements of several instruments, including, three Raman lidars, two microwave radiometers, two Fourier-Transform spectrometers, and two GPS receivers (column water), (2) cover water vapor measurements from the ground to the mesopause without gaps, and (3) study upper tropospheric humidity variability at timescales varying from a few minutes to several days. A total of 58 radiosondes and 20 Frost-Point hygrometer sondes were launched. Two types of radiosondes were used during the campaign. Non negligible differences in the readings between the two radiosonde types used (Vaisala RS92 and InterMet iMet-1) made a small, but measurable impact on the derivation of water vapor mixing ratio by the Frost-Point hygrometers. As observed in previous campaigns, the RS92 humidity measurements remained within 5% of the Frost-point in the lower and mid-troposphere, but were too dry in the upper troposphere. Over 270 h of water vapor measurements from three Raman lidars (JPL and GSFC) were compared to RS92, CFH, and NOAA-FPH. The JPL lidar profiles reached 20 km when integrated all night, and 15 km when integrated for 1 h. Excellent agreement between this lidar and the frost-point hygrometers was found throughout the measurement range, with only a 3% (0.3 ppmv) mean wet bias for the lidar in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The other two lidars provided satisfactory results in the lower and mid-troposphere (2-5% wet bias over the range 3-10 km), but suffered from contamination by fluorescence (wet bias ranging from 5 to 50% between 10 km and 15 km), preventing their use as an independent measurement in the UTLS. The comparison between all available stratospheric sounders allowed to identify only the largest biases, in particular a 10% dry bias of the Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer compared to the Aura-Microwave Limb Sounder. No other large, or at least statistically significant, biases could be observed. Total Precipitable Water (TPW) measurements from six different co-located instruments were available. Several retrieval groups provided their own TPW retrievals, resulting in the comparison of 10 different datasets. Agreement within 7% (0.7 mm) was found between all datasets. Such good agreement illustrates the maturity of these measurements and raises confidence levels for their use as an alternate or complementary source of calibration for the Raman lidars. Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and temperature measurements were also available during the campaign. The water vapor and ozone lidar measurements, together with the advected potential vorticity results from the high-resolution transport model MIMOSA, allowed the identification and study of a deep stratospheric intrusion over TMF. These observations demonstrated the lidar strong potential for future long-term monitoring of water vapor in the UTLS. C1 [Leblanc, T.; Walsh, T. D.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F.; Haines, B.; Read, W. G.; Herman, B.; Fetzer, E.; Sander, S.; Pongetti, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Whiteman, D. N.; McGee, T. G.; Twigg, L.; Sumnicht, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Venable, D.; Calhoun, M.] Howard Univ, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dirisu, A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.; Hall, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.; Hall, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miloshevich, L.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. [Voemel, H.] Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. [Straub, C.; Kampfer, N.] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Nedoluha, G. E.; Gomez, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Braun, J.; Vanhove, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, UCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stiller, G.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hauchecorne, A.] CNRS IPSL LATMOS, Paris, France. RP Leblanc, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. EM leblanc@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov RI Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; OI Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994 FU NASA; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [50EE0901]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0918398] FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data used here were made publicly available on JPL's MOHAVE-2009 website: http://tmf-lidar.jpl.nasa.gov/campaigns/mohave2009.htm. This campaign was partially funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. Part of the operations was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The work by KIT was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under contract no. 50EE0901. The authors acknowledge ESA for providing MIPAS L1b data. SuomiNet work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AGS-0918398. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2579 EP 2605 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2579-2011 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZD UT WOS:000298492400001 ER PT J AU Hurst, DF Hall, EG Jordan, AF Miloshevich, LM Whiteman, DN Leblanc, T Walsh, D Vomel, H Oltmans, SJ AF Hurst, D. F. Hall, E. G. Jordan, A. F. Miloshevich, L. M. Whiteman, D. N. Leblanc, T. Walsh, D. Voemel, H. Oltmans, S. J. TI Comparisons of temperature, pressure and humidity measurements by balloon-borne radiosondes and frost point hygrometers during MOHAVE-2009 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB We compare coincident, in situ, balloon-borne measurements of temperature (T) and pressure (P) by two radiosondes (Vaisala RS92, Intermet iMet-1-RSB) and similar measurements of relative humidity (RH) by RS92 sondes and frost point hygrometers. Data from a total of 28 balloon flights with at least one pair of radiosondes are analyzed in 1-km altitude bins to quantify measurement differences between the sonde sensors and how they vary with altitude. Each comparison (T, P, RH) exposes several profiles of anomalously large measurement differences. Measurement difference statistics, calculated with and without the anomalous profiles, are compared to uncertainties quoted by the radiosonde manufacturers. Excluding seven anomalous profiles, T differences between 19 pairs of RS92 and iMet sondes exceed their measurement uncertainty limits (2 sigma) 31% of the time and reveal a statistically significant, altitude-independent bias of 0.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C. Similarly, RS92-iMet P differences in 22 non-anomalous profiles exceed their uncertainty limits 23% of the time, with a disproportionate 83% of the excessive P differences at altitudes >16 km. The RS92-iMet pressure differences increase smoothly from -0.6 hPa near the surface to 0.8 hPa above 25 km. Temperature and P differences between all 14 pairs of RS92 sondes exceed manufacturer-quoted, reproducibility limits (sigma) 28% and 11% of the time, respectively. About 95% of the excessive T differences are eliminated when 5 anomalous RS92-RS92 profiles are excluded. Only 5% of RH measurement differences between 14 pairs of RS92 sondes exceed the manufacturer's measurement reproducibility limit (sigma). RH measurements by RS92 sondes are also compared to RH values calculated from frost point hygrometer measurements and coincident T measurements by the radiosondes. The influences of RS92-iMet T and P differences on RH values and water vapor mixing ratios calculated from frost point hygrometer measurements are examined. C1 [Hurst, D. F.; Hall, E. G.; Jordan, A. F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D. F.; Hall, E. G.; Jordan, A. F.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Miloshevich, L. M.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO USA. [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leblanc, T.; Walsh, D.] Table Mt Facil, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Voemel, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observatorium Lindenberg, Lindenberg, Germany. RP Hurst, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dale.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 FU NOAA FX Thanks go to the entire staff of the magnificent JPL Table Mountain Facility for hosting the MOHAVE-2009 campaign. We are grateful for the assistance of T. Grigsby, M. Calhoun, D. Venable and A. Dirisu during the campaign. NOAA provided the financial support for D. Hurst, E. Hall and A. Jordan to participate in this campaign and for the 4 NOAA FPHs that were flown. Two anonymous reviewers provided well-conceived comments that helped strengthen this paper. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2777 EP 2793 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2777-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZD UT WOS:000298492400012 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Zhang, J Reid, JS Hyer, EJ Eck, TF Holben, BN Kahn, RA AF Shi, Y. Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Hyer, E. J. Eck, T. F. Holben, B. N. Kahn, R. A. TI A critical examination of spatial biases between MODIS and MISR aerosol products - application for potential AERONET deployment SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; UNIFIED SATELLITE CLIMATOLOGY; OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OCEAN; NETWORK; SITES; LAND; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION AB AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data are the primary benchmark for evaluating satellite-retrieved aerosol properties. However, despite its extensive coverage, the representativeness of the AERONET data is rarely discussed. Indeed, many studies have shown that satellite retrieval biases have a significant degree of spatial correlation that may be problematic for higher-level processes or inverse-emissions-modeling studies. To consider these issues and evaluate relative performance in regions of few surface observations, cross-comparisons between the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products of operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Dark Target (DT) and operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Deep Blue (DB) with MISR version 22 were conducted. Through such comparisons, we can observe coherent spatial features of the AOD bias while sidestepping the full analysis required for determining when or where either retrieval is more correct. We identify regions where MODIS to MISR AOD ratios were found to be above 1.4 and below 0.7. Regions where lower boundary condition uncertainty is likely to be a dominant factor include portions of Western North America, the Andes mountains, Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Central Asia. Similarly, microphysical biases may be an issue in South America, and specific parts of Southern Africa, India Asia, East Asia, and Indonesia. These results help identify high-priority locations for possible future deployments of both in situ and ground based remote sensing measurements. The Supplement includes a kml file. C1 [Shi, Y.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Eck, T. F.; Holben, B. N.; Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators, as well as their staff for establishing and maintaining the sites used in this investigation. We would like to thank Christina Hsu for her thoughtful comments and suggestions. We also thank Michael Garay, Mike Mishchenko and other five anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2823 EP 2836 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2823-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZD UT WOS:000298492400015 ER PT J AU Mannucci, AJ Ao, CO Pi, X Iijima, BA AF Mannucci, A. J. Ao, C. O. Pi, X. Iijima, B. A. TI The impact of large scale ionospheric structure on radio occultation retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; REFRACTIVITY PROFILES; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; ERROR ANALYSIS; VALIDATION; CALIBRATION; INVERSION; SOUNDINGS AB We study the impact of large-scale ionospheric structure on the accuracy of radio occultation (RO) retrievals. We use a climatological model of the ionosphere as well as an ionospheric data assimilation model to compare quiet and geomagnetically disturbed conditions. The presence of ionospheric electron density gradients during disturbed conditions increases the physical separation of the two GPS frequencies as the GPS signal traverses the ionosphere and atmosphere. We analyze this effect in detail using ray-tracing and a full geophysical retrieval system. During quiet conditions, our results are similar to previously published studies. The impact of a major ionospheric storm is analyzed using data from the 30 October 2003 "Halloween" super-storm period. At 40 km altitude, the refractivity bias under disturbed conditions is approximately three times larger than quiet time. These results suggest the need for ionospheric monitoring as part of an RO-based climate observation strategy. We find that even during quiet conditions, the magnitude of retrieval bias depends critically on assumed ionospheric electron density structure, which may explain variations in previously published bias estimates that use a variety of assumptions regarding large scale ionospheric structure. We quantify the impact of spacecraft orbit altitude on the magnitude of bending angle and retrieval error. Satellites in higher altitude orbits (700+ km) tend to have lower residual biases due to the tendency of the residual bending to cancel between the top and bottomside ionosphere. Another factor affecting accuracy is the commonly-used assumption that refractive index is unity at the receiver. We conclude with remarks on the implications of this study for long-term climate monitoring using RO. C1 [Mannucci, A. J.; Ao, C. O.; Pi, X.; Iijima, B. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 138-308,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tony.mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA; NASA Earth Science Directorate FX The research for this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. The authors wish to acknowledge support of the NASA Earth Science Directorate. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2837 EP 2850 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2837-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZD UT WOS:000298492400016 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, A. K. Landi, E. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ni XI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; R-MATRIX METHOD; FE-IX; EMISSION-LINES; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ALPHA-CENTAURI; SOLAR SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ni XI. We include in the calculations the 12 lowest configurations, corresponding to 180 fine-structure levels: 3s(2)3p(6), s(2)3p(5)3d, 3s(2)3p(4)3d(2), 3s3p(6)3d, 3s(2)3p(5)4l, and 3s3p(6)4l with l = s, p,d, f. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies for all transitions: 7.45, 17.6, 31.4, 50.1, and 75.2 Ry above the threshold of each transition. An additional energy, very close to the transition threshold, has been added, whose value is between 0.0007 Ry and 0.25 Ry depending on the levels involved. Calculations have been carried out using the Flexible Atomic Code. The scattering problem is solved in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, combined with close coupling collision excitation rate coefficients available in the literature for the lowest 17 levels, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) and at an electron temperature of log T(e) K = 6.1, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ni XI. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bhatia, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Landi@nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA; [NNH06CD24C]; [NNG04ED07P] FX The work of Enrico Landi is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, and other NASA grants. Calculations were carried out using the Discover computer of the NASA Center for Computation Science. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2011 VL 97 IS 1 BP 50 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2010.09.001 PG 59 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 686EG UT WOS:000284679000004 ER PT J AU Shi, SJ Platts, SH Ziegler, MG Meck, JV AF Shi, Shang-Jin Platts, Steven H. Ziegler, Michael G. Meck, Janice V. TI Effects of Promethazine and Midodrine on Orthostatic Tolerance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE astronauts; H(1)-receptor antagonist; GABA; sympathetic nervous system; renin-angiotensir-aldosterone system; upright tilt ID DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; HISTAMINE; ASTRONAUTS; RENIN; HYPOTENSION; SECRETION; CATECHOLAMINES; ALDOSTERONE; INTOLERANCE; RELEASE AB SHI S-J, PLATTS SH, ZIEGLER MG, MECK JV. Effects of promethazine and midodrine on orthostatic tolerance. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82:9-12. Introduction:Astronauts experience both orthostatic hypotension and space motion sickness during re-entry. Midodrine, an alpha 1-adrenergic agonist, is used to treat orthostatic hypotension. Promethazine, a histamine Hi-receptor antagonist, is prescribed for space motion sickness. Many astronauts need both midodrine and promethazine. This study evaluated the interactive effects of midodrine and promethazine on hemodynamic responses to upright tilt. Methods: Subjects (5 men; 3 women) were studied four times: control (no drug); midodrine only; promethazine only; or midodrine plus promethazine. Hemodynamic parameters, plasma norepinephrine, renin activity, and aldosterone were measured supine and upright. Results: Rates of presyncope were 38% with no drug; 0% with midodrine alone; 100% with promethazine alone; and 63% with both drugs. Supine to upright decreases in systolic pressure were greater with promethazine alone than control (P < 0.01); midodrine (P < 0.05) or both drugs (P < 0.05). Supine to upright increases in plasma norepinephrine, renin activity, and aldosterone all were significantly reduced with promethazine alone compared to control (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05) and midodrine alone (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Cardiac output fell more with promethazine alone than with no drug (P < 0.05) or with midodrine plus promethazine (P < 0.05). Discussion: Promethazine significantly increased the incidence of orthostatic hypotension in subjects, even when combined with midodrine. Inhibition of sympathetic responses, likely via enhancement of the inhibitive effects of GABA, by promethazine may underlie the increased orthostatic hypotension. Promethazine also appears to inhibit responses of the renin angiotensisn system during orthostatic challenge. C1 [Shi, Shang-Jin; Platts, Steven H.; Ziegler, Michael G.; Meck, Janice V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Meck, JV (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code SK, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM janice.v.meck@NASA.gov FU NASA [NAS9-97005] FX We are indebted to all volunteers who participated in this study. We gratefully thank Scott M. Smith for sample analysis. We also thank all the members of the NASA Johnson Space Center Cardiovascular Laboratory for their help. This research was supported by NASA grant NAS9-97005 to JVM. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2888.2011 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 702OH UT WOS:000285903500003 PM 21235099 ER PT J AU Smith, SM Zwart, SR McMonigal, KA Huntoon, CL AF Smith, Scott M. Zwart, Sara R. McMonigal, Kathleen A. Huntoon, Carolyn L. TI Thyroid Status of Space Shuttle Crewmembers: Effects of Iodine Removal SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE thyroid hormones; thyroxine; thyroid stimulating hormone; thyrotropin; triiodothyronine ID FLIGHT; ENDOCRINE AB SMITH SM, ZWART SR, McMONIGAL. KA, HUNTOON CL. Thyroid status of Space Shuttle crewmembers: effects of iodine removal. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82:49-51. Introduction: Iodine is often used tor water purification and has been used throughout the U.S. space program. Because of concern about potential effects on crewmembers' thyroid function, in 1997 a system was implemented on board the Space Shuttles to remove iodine from water before it was consumed. We report here thyroid hormone data from crews flying before and after this system was implemented. Methods: Blood samples were collected and analyzed for thyroid hormone content during routine medical exams before and after Space Shuttle missions. Data are reported for 224 male and 49 female astronauts (about two-thirds of them before implementation of iodine removal). Results: Serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and the free T4 index were elevated in men after flight and triiodothyronine (T3) was lower after flight, regardless of iodine removal status. T4 was higher, even before flight, in the group of men who flew after iodine removal was implemented. Conversely, T3 was lower in men who flew during that period. Before iodine removal was implemented, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was elevated in male and tended to be elevated in female astronauts, with average increases of 27% and 19% after flight, respectively. After iodine removal was implemented, postflight TSH was not significantly different from preflight values. Discussion: These data provide evidence that crewmembers' increase in serum TSH on landing day after early Shuttle flights resulted from their consumption of iodinated water during spaceflight, because the same increase was not observed after implementation of the iodine removal system. C1 [Smith, Scott M.; Zwart, Sara R.; McMonigal, Kathleen A.; Huntoon, Carolyn L.] NASA, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Space Med Div, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Smith, SM (reprint author), NASA, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Space Med Div, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code SK3,101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM scott.m.smith@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2926.2011 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 702OH UT WOS:000285903500010 PM 21235106 ER PT J AU Wolpert, D Jamison, J Newth, D Harre, M AF Wolpert, David Jamison, Julian Newth, David Harre, Michael TI Strategic Choice of Preferences: the Persona Model SO B E JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE non-rationality; single shot games; Prisoner's Dilemma; Traveler's Dilemma; schelling; emotions; evolution of preferences ID INTERDEPENDENT PREFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH; COOPERATION; GAMES; RECIPROCITY; REPUTATION; ECONOMICS; BEHAVIOR AB Recent work in several fields has established that humans can adopt binding "behavioral" preferences and convincingly signal those preferences to other humans, either via their behavior or via their body language / tone of voice. In this paper, we model the strategic implications of this ability. Our thesis is that through a person's lifetime they (perhaps subconsciously) learn what such signaled, binding behavioral preferences result in the highest value of their actual preferences, given the resultant behavior of other players. We argue that this "persona" model may explain why many interpersonal preferences have the particular form they do. As an illustration, we use the persona model to explain cooperation in non-repeated versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD). We also provide quantitative predictions to distinguish this explanation of cooperation from simply assuming people have actual preferences biased towards cooperation. In particular, we show that the persona model predicts a "crowding out" phenomenon in the PD, in which introducing incentives to cooperate causes players to stop cooperating instead. We also use the persona model to predict a tradeoff between the robustness of cooperation in the PD and the benefit of that cooperation. C1 [Wolpert, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wolpert, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Jamison, Julian] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Harre, Michael] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Wolpert, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dhw@santafe.edu; julison@gmail.com; david.newth@csiro.au; mike.harre@gmail.com RI Newth, David/A-1848-2011 OI Newth, David/0000-0001-6882-7440 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1935-1704 J9 BE J THEOR ECON JI B E J. Theor. Econ. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 PG 38 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 814OP UT WOS:000294466700001 ER PT S AU Liao, K Schneider, RM Yaniglos, SS Bertolini, G Glendinning, P Sawyer, RN Reschke, M Leigh, RJ AF Liao, Ke Schneider, Rosalyn M. Yaniglos, Stacia S. Bertolini, Giovanni Glendinning, Paul Sawyer, Robert N., Jr. Reschke, Millard Leigh, R. John BE Rucker, J Zee, DS TI Visual and vestibular determinants of the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex SO BASIC AND CLINICAL OCULAR MOTOR AND VESTIBULAR RESEARCH SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Basic and Clinical Ocular Motor and Vestibular Research CY MAR 25-27, 2011 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Univ Hosp Cleveland, Evenor Armington Fund, Fdn FAPS, Fdn Interacoust DE locomotion; motion parallax; vergence; smooth pursuit; otoliths; gravity ID EYE-MOVEMENT RESPONSES; OCULAR REFLEX; VIEWING DISTANCE; MOTION SICKNESS; TARGET DISTANCE; LINEAR MOTION; NORMAL HUMANS; ACCELERATIONS; STABILIZATION; ENHANCEMENT AB Prior studies indicate that the human translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (tVOR) generates eye rotations approximately half the magnitude required to keep the line of sight pointed at a stationary object a compensation ratio (CR) of similar to 0.5. We asked whether changes of visual or vestibular stimuli could increase the CR of tVOR. First, subjects viewed their environment through an optical device that required eye. movements to increase by similar to 50% to maintain fixation of a stationary visual target. During vertical translation, eye movements did increase, but tVOR CR remained at similar to 0.5. Second, subjects viewed through LCD goggles providing 4 Hz strobe vision that minimized retinal image motion; this reduced tVOR CR. Finally, subjects were rotated in roll while they translated vertically; no increase in tVOR occurred. Taken with prior studies, we conclude that tVOR is optimally set to generate eye rotations that are about 50% of those required to stabilize the line of sight. C1 [Liao, Ke; Schneider, Rosalyn M.; Yaniglos, Stacia S.; Leigh, R. John] Vet Affairs & Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Bertolini, Giovanni] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Neurol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Glendinning, Paul] Univ Manchester, CICADA, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Glendinning, Paul] Univ Manchester, Dept Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Sawyer, Robert N., Jr.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Reschke, Millard] Johnson Space Ctr, Neurosci Lab, Houston, TX USA. RP Leigh, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM rjl4@case.edu RI Bertolini, Giovanni/H-3510-2016 OI Bertolini, Giovanni/0000-0003-2428-9454 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 EY06717]; Department of Veterans Affairs; Evenor Armington Fund FX We are grateful to Mark F. Walker for advice and assistance. Supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01 EY06717, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Evenor Armington Fund (to Dr. Leigh). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-843-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2011 VL 1233 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06148.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BXY20 UT WOS:000297604800035 PM 21951003 ER PT J AU Joiner, J Yoshida, Y Vasilkov, AP Yoshida, Y Corp, LA Middleton, EM AF Joiner, J. Yoshida, Y. Vasilkov, A. P. Yoshida, Y. Corp, L. A. Middleton, E. M. TI First observations of global and seasonal terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence from space SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SUN-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; VEGETATION; LEAF; SUNLIGHT; CO2; SPECTROMETER AB Remote sensing of terrestrial vegetation fluorescence from space is of interest because it can potentially provide global coverage of the functional status of vegetation. For example, fluorescence observations may provide a means to detect vegetation stress before chlorophyll reductions take place. Although there have been many measurements of fluorescence from ground-and airborne-based instruments, there has been scant information available from satellites. In this work, we use high-spectral resolution data from the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation - Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) that is in a sun-synchronous orbit with an equator crossing time near 13:00 LT. We use filling-in of the potassium (K) I solar Fraunhofer line near 770 nm to derive chlorophyll fluorescence and related parameters such as the fluorescence yield at that wavelength. We map these parameters globally for two months (July and December 2009) and show a full seasonal cycle for several different locations, including two in the Amazonia region. We also compare the derived fluorescence information with that provided by the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). These comparisons show that for several areas these two indices exhibit different seasonality and/or relative intensity variations, and that changes in fluorescence frequently lead those seen in the EVI for those regions. The derived fluorescence therefore provides information that is related to, but independent of the reflectance. C1 [Joiner, J.; Middleton, E. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yoshida, Y.; Vasilkov, A. P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Yoshida, Y.] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Corp, L. A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Joiner, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM joanna.joiner@nasa.gov RI Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012 NR 46 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 10 U2 65 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 637 EP 651 DI 10.5194/bg-8-637-2011 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 742AU UT WOS:000288911300007 ER PT J AU Yuan, W Luo, Y Liang, S Yu, G Niu, S Stoy, P Chen, J Desai, AR Lindroth, A Gough, CM Ceulemans, R Arain, A Bernhofer, C Cook, B Cook, DR Dragoni, D Gielen, B Janssens, IA Longdoz, B Liu, H Lund, M Matteucci, G Moors, E Scott, RL Seufert, G Varner, R AF Yuan, W. Luo, Y. Liang, S. Yu, G. Niu, S. Stoy, P. Chen, J. Desai, A. R. Lindroth, A. Gough, C. M. Ceulemans, R. Arain, A. Bernhofer, C. Cook, B. Cook, D. R. Dragoni, D. Gielen, B. Janssens, I. A. Longdoz, B. Liu, H. Lund, M. Matteucci, G. Moors, E. Scott, R. L. Seufert, G. Varner, R. TI Thermal adaptation of net ecosystem exchange SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; OAK-DOMINATED FOREST; SCOTS PINE FOREST; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATE FOREST; EUROPEAN FORESTS AB Thermal adaptation of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration has been well documented over broad thermal gradients. However, no study has examined their interaction as a function of temperature, i.e. the thermal responses of net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE). In this study, we constructed temperature response curves of NEE against temperature using 380 site-years of eddy covariance data at 72 forest, grassland and shrubland ecosystems located at latitudes ranging from similar to 29 degrees N to 64 degrees N. The response curves were used to define two critical temperatures: transition temperature (T-b) at which ecosystem transfer from carbon source to sink and optimal temperature (T-o) at which carbon uptake is maximized. T-b was strongly correlated with annual mean air temperature. T-o was strongly correlated with mean temperature during the net carbon uptake period across the study ecosystems. Our results imply that the net ecosystem exchange of carbon adapts to the temperature across the geographical range due to intrinsic connections between vegetation primary production and ecosystem respiration. C1 [Yuan, W.; Liang, S.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yuan, W.; Luo, Y.; Niu, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liang, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Synth Res Ctr Chinese Ecosyst Res Network, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Niu, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Stoy, P.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Chen, J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lindroth, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Gough, C. M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Ceulemans, R.; Gielen, B.; Janssens, I. A.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Arain, A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Arain, A.] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Bernhofer, C.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. [Cook, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cook, D. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Climate Res Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Longdoz, B.] INRA, Ctr Nancy, Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres UMR1137, F-54280 Seichamps, France. [Liu, H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lund, M.] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Matteucci, G.] Inst Agr & Forestry Syst Mediterranean, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Moors, E.] Alterra Wageningen UR, ESS CC, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Scott, R. L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Seufert, G.] Joint Res Ctr European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Varner, R.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space & Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Yuan, W (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM wenpingyuancn@yahoo.com RI li, wenchao/S-5567-2016; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Varner, Ruth/E-5371-2011; Niu, Shuli/E-7550-2011; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; Lund, Magnus/J-4922-2013; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; Seufert, Gunther/J-9918-2013; Matteucci, Giorgio/N-3526-2015; Ceulemans, Reinhart/F-2109-2016; 于, 贵瑞/C-1768-2014 OI Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173; Varner, Ruth/0000-0002-3571-6629; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Lund, Magnus/0000-0003-1622-2305; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Seufert, Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Matteucci, Giorgio/0000-0002-4790-9540; FU National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China [2010CB833504]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0444518]; Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-006ER64317]; Research Center of Excellence ECO FX This research was financially supported by National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2010CB833504), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, US National Science Foundation (NSF) under DEB 0444518, and the Terrestrial Carbon Program at the Office of Science, US Department of Energy, Grants No.: DE-FG02-006ER64317. Research at the University of Antwerp was financially supported by the Research Center of Excellence ECO. We acknowledge the work of principal investigators and collaborators in EC sites, who provided the eddy covariance flux measurements. NR 89 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1453 EP 1463 DI 10.5194/bg-8-1453-2011 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 781OL UT WOS:000291942900003 ER PT J AU Devaraju, N Cao, L Bala, G Caldeira, K Nemani, R AF Devaraju, N. Cao, L. Bala, G. Caldeira, K. Nemani, R. TI A model investigation of vegetation-atmosphere interactions on a millennial timescale SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; PRESENT-DAY CLIMATE; CARBON BALANCE; SCALE DEFORESTATION; BIOSPHERE MODEL; SYSTEM; IMPACTS; STABILITY; CO2; FEEDBACKS AB A terrestrial biosphere model with dynamic vegetation capability, Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS2), coupled to the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM2) is used to investigate the multiple climate-forest equilibrium states of the climate system. A 1000-year control simulation and another 1000-year land cover change simulation that consisted of global deforestation for 100 years followed by re-growth of forests for the subsequent 900 years were performed. After several centuries of interactive climate-vegetation dynamics, the land cover change simulation converged to essentially the same climate state as the control simulation. However, the climate system takes about a millennium to reach the control forest state. In the absence of deep ocean feedbacks in our model, the millennial time scale for converging to the original climate state is dictated by long time scales of the vegetation dynamics in the northern high latitudes. Our idealized modeling study suggests that the equilibrium state reached after complete global deforestation followed by re-growth of forests is unlikely to be distinguishable from the control climate. The real world, however, could have multiple climate-forest states since our modeling study is unlikely to have represented all the essential ecological processes (e. g. altered fire regimes, seed sources and seedling establishment dynamics) for the reestablishment of major biomes. C1 [Devaraju, N.; Bala, G.] Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Devaraju, N.; Bala, G.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Cao, L.; Caldeira, K.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nemani, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Devaraju, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM dev@caos.iisc.ernet.in RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Narayanappa, Devaraju/L-9081-2014; OI Devaraju, Narayanappa/0000-0001-8471-3961 FU Divecha Center for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science FX Financial support for N. Devaraju was provided by the Divecha Center for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science. Suggestions and comments by the two anonymous reviewers helped us to improve the manuscript substantially. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3677 EP 3686 DI 10.5194/bg-8-3677-2011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 869EZ UT WOS:000298580900013 ER PT S AU Chang, RC Emami, K Jeevarajan, A Wu, HL Sun, W AF Chang, Robert C. Emami, Kamal Jeevarajan, Antony Wu, Honglu Sun, Wei BE Khademhosseini, A Suh, KY Zourob, M TI Microprinting of Liver Micro-organ for Drug Metabolism Study SO BIOLOGICAL MICROARRAYS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Microfluidics; Cell printing; Tissue engineering; Solid freeform fabrication; Hydrogels; Pharmacokinetics ID CELL-CULTURE ANALOG; NAPHTHALENE TOXICITY; PEPTIDE SCAFFOLDS; PROTEOLYSIS; BIOREACTOR; MIGRATION; BLOCKING; MODELS; CHIPS AB In their normal in vivo matrix milieu, tissues assume complex well-organized 3D architectures. Therefore, a primary aim in the tissue engineering design process is to fabricate an optimal analog of the in vivo scenario, in which the precise configuration and composition of cells and bioactive matrix components can establish the well-defined biomimetic microenvironments that promote cell cell and cell matrix interactions. With the advent and refinements in microfabricated systems which can present physical and chemical cues to cells in a controllable and reproducible Fashion unrealizable with conventional tissue culture, high-fidelity, high-throughput in vitro models are achieved. The convergence of solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technologies, namely microprinting, along with microfabrication techniques, a 3D microprinted Micro-organ, can serve as an in vitro platform for cell culture, drug screening, or to elicit further biological insights. This chapter firstly details the principles, methods, and applications that undergird the fabrication process development and adaptation of microfluidic devices for the creation of a drug screening model. This model involves the combinatorial setup of an automated syringe-based, layered direct cell writing microprinting process with soft lithographic micropatterning techniques to fabricate a microscale in vitro device housing a chamber of microprinted 3D micro-organ that biomimics the cell's natural microenvironment for enhanced performance and functionality. In order to assess the structural formability and biological feasibility of such a micro-organ, 3D cell-encapsulated hydrogel-based tissue constructs are microprinted reproducibly in defined design patterns and biologically characterized for both viability and cell-specific function. Another key fleet of the in vivo microenvironment that is recapitulated with the in vitro system is the necessary dynamic perfusion of the 3D microscale liver analog with cells probed for their collective drug metabolic function and suitability as a drug metabolism model. C1 [Chang, Robert C.; Sun, Wei] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Emami, Kamal; Jeevarajan, Antony; Wu, Honglu] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Radiat Phys Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Chang, RC (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-934115-95-4 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 671 BP 219 EP 238 DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-551-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-551-0 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BSA51 UT WOS:000284031200013 PM 20967633 ER PT J AU Nelson, ES AF Nelson, Emily S. BE FazelRezai, R TI Design Principles for Microfluidic Biomedical Diagnostics in Space SO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED PLATELET ACTIVATION; BLOOD-PLASMA SEPARATION; VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR; WHOLE-BLOOD; LATEST DEVELOPMENTS; SELF-ASSOCIATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; CELL-SEPARATION; CONTINUOUS-FLOW; DEVICE C1 [Nelson, Emily S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Nelson, ES (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-637-9 PY 2011 BP 131 EP 156 PG 26 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BF9QW UT WOS:000385803100007 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Fitzgerald, LA Ray, R Little, BJ Lizewski, SE Petersen, ER Ringeisen, BR Sanders, WC Sheehan, PE Pietron, JJ Baldwin, JW Nadeau, LJ Johnson, GR Ribbens, M Finkel, SE Nealson, KH AF Biffinger, Justin C. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda J. Lizewski, Stephen E. Petersen, Emily R. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Sanders, Wesley C. Sheehan, Paul E. Pietron, Jeremy J. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Johnson, Glenn R. Ribbens, Meghann Finkel, Steven E. Nealson, Kenneth H. TI The utility of Shewanella japonica for microbial fuel cells SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cell; Shewanella; Sucrose; Mediators; Carbohydrate ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; BIOFILM; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; FLAVINS; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Shewanella-containing microbial fuel cells (MFCs) typically use the fresh water wild-type strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 due to its metabolic diversity and facultative oxidant tolerance. However. S. oneidensis MR-1 is not capable of metabolizing polysaccharides for extracellular electron transfer. The applicability of Shewanella japonica (an agar-lytic Shewanella strain) for power applications was analyzed using a diverse array of carbon sources for current generation from MFCs, cellular physiological responses at an electrode surface, biofilm formation, and the presence of soluble extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes. Critically, air-exposed S. japonica utilizes biosynthesized extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes with sucrose as the sole carbon source. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Lizewski, Stephen E.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Sanders, Wesley C.; Sheehan, Paul E.; Pietron, Jeremy J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Ribbens, Meghann; Finkel, Steven E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Sect, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research [62123 N, 61153 N]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0292]; US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX) FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (NRL 6.2 Program Element Number 62123 N), NRL Program Element Number 61153 N, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI program, Award No. FA9550-06-1-0292) and the AFRL research was funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX). NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.078 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 699IY UT WOS:000285658300039 PM 20663660 ER PT J AU Gregoire, TG Stahl, G Naesset, E Gobakken, T Nelson, R Holm, S AF Gregoire, Timothy G. Stahl, Goran Naesset, Erik Gobakken, Terje Nelson, Ross Holm, Soren TI Model-assisted estimation of biomass in a LiDAR sample survey in Hedmark County, Norway SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; FOREST INVENTORY; ACCURACY AB Inasmuch as LiDAR is becoming an increasingly prominent tool for forest inventory, it is timely to develop a framework to understand the statistical properties of LiDAR-based estimates. A model-assisted approach to estimation and inference when using LiDAR as a tool to inventory aboveground forest biomass is presented. An empirical example is also presented, yet the article's focus is largely methodological. The sampling plan in the example is viewed as a two-stage design, with slightly different primary sampling units between the profiling and scanning laser surveys. A regression estimator is presented that uses biomass data from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory as the response variable and laser-derived variables as covariates. A major thrust of this article is the presentation of the variance of the estimators of total biomass and biomass per hectare as well as variance estimators. C1 [Gregoire, Timothy G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Stahl, Goran; Holm, Soren] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management & Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Naesset, Erik; Gobakken, Terje] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Nelson, Ross] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gregoire, TG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 360 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM timothy.gregoire@yale.edu FU Research Council of Norway [166482/i10] FX This research was funded by the Research Council of Norway (project No. 166482/i10). The authors are grateful to the Norwegian National Forest Inventory program, which made the empirical part of this study possible by giving access to the NFI field plots in Hedmark County. We also wish to acknowledge the efforts made by Blom Geomatics, Norway, for acquiring the laser scanner data and flying the profiling LiDAR instrument operated by one of the coauthors (Dr. Ross Nelson). Finally, we wish to thank our good colleague, Dr. Ole Martin Bollandsas (Norwegian University of Life Sciences), for coordinating much of the efforts to accurately geolocate the field data through a network of continuously operated GPS/GLONASS reference stations. NR 19 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1139/X10-195 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709YE UT WOS:000286476500008 ER PT J AU Stahl, G Holm, S Gregoire, TG Gobakken, T Naesset, E Nelson, R AF Stahl, Goran Holm, Soren Gregoire, Timothy G. Gobakken, Terje Naesset, Erik Nelson, Ross TI Model-based inference for biomass estimation in a LiDAR sample survey in Hedmark County, Norway SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LASER SCANNER DATA; FOREST STAND CHARACTERISTICS; AIRBORNE LASER; INVENTORY; ACCURACY; VOLUME; ERRORS AB In forest inventories, regression models are often applied to predict quantities such as biomass at the level of sampling units. In this paper, we propose a model-based inference framework for combining sampling and model errors in the variance estimation. It was applied to airborne laser (LiDAR) data sets from Hedmark County, Norway, where the model error proportion of the total variance was found to be large for both scanning (airborne laser scanning) and profiling LiDAR when biomass was estimated. With profiling LiDAR, the model error variance component for the entire county was as large as 71% whereas for airborne laser scanning, it was 43% of the total variance. Partly, this reflects the better accuracy of the pixel-based regression models estimated from scanner data as compared with the models estimated from profiler data. The framework proposed in our study can be applied in all types of sample surveys where model-based predictions are made at the level of individual sampling units. Especially, it should be useful in cases where model-assisted inference cannot be applied due to the lack of a probability sample from the target population or due to problems of correctly matching observations of auxiliary and target variables. C1 [Stahl, Goran; Holm, Soren] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Gregoire, Timothy G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Nelson, Ross] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gobakken, Terje; Naesset, Erik] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway. RP Stahl, G (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM Goran.Stahl@srh.slu.se NR 34 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1139/X10-161 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709YE UT WOS:000286476500009 ER PT J AU Crichton, DJ Mattmann, CA Thornquist, M Anton, K Hughes, JS AF Crichton, Daniel J. Mattmann, Chris A. Thornquist, Mark Anton, Kristen Hughes, J. Steven TI Bioinformatics: Biomarkers of early detection SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE EDRN knowledge environment; data intensive systems; biomarker research; informatics infrastructure; e-science; metadata; data curation; data sharing; biomarker database; Data Grid ID NETWORK; ARCHITECTURE AB Capturing, sharing, and publishing cancer biomarker research data are all fundamental challenges of enabling new opportunities to research and understand scientific data. Informatics experts from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) have pioneered a principled informatics infrastructure to capture and disseminate data from biomarker validation studies, in effect, providing a national-scale, real-world successful example of how to address these challenges. EDRN is a distributed, collaborative network and it requires its infrastructure to support research across cancer research institutions and across their individual laboratories. The EDRN informatics infrastructure is also referred to as the EDRN Knowledge Environment, or EKE. EKE connects information about biomarkers, studies, specimens and resulting scientific data, allowing users to search, download and compare each of these disparate sources of cancer research information. EKE's data is enriched by providing annotations that describe the research results (biomarkers, protocols, studies) and that link the research results to the captured information within EDRN (raw instrument datasets, specimens, etc.). In addition EKE provides external links to public resources related to the research results and captured data. EKE has leveraged and reused data management software technologies originally developed for planetary and earth science research results and has infused those capabilities into biomarker research. This paper will describe the EDRN Knowledge Environment, its deployment to the EDRN enterprise, and how a number of these challenges have been addressed through the capture and curation of biomarker data results. C1 [Crichton, Daniel J.; Mattmann, Chris A.; Hughes, J. Steven] NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Thornquist, Mark] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Anton, Kristen] Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Crichton, DJ (reprint author), 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 301-320, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dan.Crichton@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This effort was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, managed by the California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would like to thank Donald Johnsey, Christos Patriotis, and Sudhir Srivastava and the NCI leadership as a whole for their collaborative support in curation of data within the EDRN. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1-6 BP 511 EP 530 DI 10.3233/CBM-2011-0180 PG 20 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 856ZB UT WOS:000297682300028 PM 22112493 ER PT J AU Preciado-Flores, S Wheeler, DA Tran, TM Tanaka, Z Jiang, CY Barboza-Flores, M Qian, F Li, Y Chen, B Zhang, JZ AF Preciado-Flores, Sandra Wheeler, Damon A. Tuan Minh Tran Tanaka, Zuki Jiang, Chaoyang Barboza-Flores, Marcelino Qian, Fang Li, Yat Chen, Bin Zhang, Jin Z. TI SERS spectroscopy and SERS imaging of Shewanella oneidensis using silver nanoparticles and nanowires SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; MARINE-BACTERIA; SCATTERING; DISCRIMINATION; STABILITY; SUBSTRATE; NOV AB Facile and reproducible SERS signals from Shewanella oneidensis were obtained utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). Additionally, SERS images identify the distribution of SERS hot-spots. One important observation is the synergistically enhanced SERS signal when AgNPs and AgNWs are used in conjunction, due to constructively enhanced electromagnetic field. C1 [Tuan Minh Tran; Tanaka, Zuki; Chen, Bin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Studies Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Preciado-Flores, Sandra; Wheeler, Damon A.; Qian, Fang; Li, Yat; Zhang, Jin Z.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Tuan Minh Tran] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tanaka, Zuki] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Jiang, Chaoyang] Univ S Dakota, Dept Chem, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Barboza-Flores, Marcelino] Univ Sonora, Ctr Invest Fis, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico. RP Chen, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Studies Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Bin.Chen-1@nasa.gov; zhang@ucsc.edu RI Jiang, Chaoyang/E-4925-2010; Zong, Xu/B-7149-2013; OI Li, Yat/0000-0002-8058-2084 FU National Science Foundation; CONACyT (Mexico); W. M. Keck Center; NASA [NNX10AN34A]; NSF [CBET 1034222]; University of California, Santa Cruz FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (JZZ). SPF acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship grant from CONACyT (Mexico). DW was partially supported by W. M. Keck Center for Nano- and Optofluidics through a QB3 Fellowship. C. J. thanks a partial support from NASA under Cooperative Agreement NNX10AN34A. B.C. acknowledges NASA from NASA SMD PPR grant support. NASA student research fellowship programs for ZT (graduate) and TT (undergraduate) are greatly appreciated. YL and FQ acknowledge the financial support of this work in part by NSF (CBET 1034222) and faculty research funds granted by the University of California, Santa Cruz. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 14 BP 4129 EP 4131 DI 10.1039/c0cc05517d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 738AA UT WOS:000288610500020 PM 21380475 ER PT B AU Ray, RD Egbert, GD Erofeeva, SY AF Ray, R. D. Egbert, G. D. Erofeeva, S. Y. BE Vignudelli, S Kostianoy, AG Cipollini, P Benveniste, J TI Tide Predictions in Shelf and Coastal Waters: Status and Prospects SO COASTAL ALTIMETRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-SURFACE ELEVATION; OCEAN TIDES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; NORTH-SEA; M-2 TIDE; MODELS; RANGE; STRATIFICATION; ASSIMILATION C1 [Ray, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Egbert, G. D.; Erofeeva, S. Y.] Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ray, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.ray@nasa.gov OI Egbert, Gary/0000-0003-1276-8538 NR 70 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12795-3 PY 2011 BP 191 EP 216 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0 PG 26 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BTY27 UT WOS:000288421900008 ER PT J AU Young, AP Knysh, S Smelyanskiy, VN AF Young, A. P. Knysh, S. Smelyanskiy, V. N. TI The complexity of the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Complexity; Quantum; Algorithm AB The Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm has been proposed as a general purpose algorithm for solving hard optimization problems on a quantum computer Early work on very small sizes indicated that the running time (complexity) only increased as a (quite small) power of the problem size N We report results of Quantum Monte Carlo simulations using parallel tempering with which we determine the minimum energy gap (and hence get information the complexity) for much bigger sizes than was possible before The aim is to see if there is a "crossover" to exponential complexity at large N We present data for the typical (median) complexity as a function of N which indicate a crossover to a first order transition at large sizes This implies that the complexity is exponential at large N at least for the problem studied (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Young, A. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Knysh, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Young, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. FU National Security Agency (NSA) under Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-09-1-0391]; National Security Agency s Laboratory of Physics Sciences; NASA Ames NAS Supercomputing Center FX The work of A P Y is supported by the National Security Agency (NSA) under Army Research Office (ARO) contract number W911NF-09-1-0391 The work of S K and V N S is supported by National Security Agency s Laboratory of Physics Sciences and the NASA Ames NAS Supercomputing Center NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 182 IS 1 BP 27 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2010.06.001 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 691YY UT WOS:000285119900009 ER PT J AU Rivera-Monroy, VH Twilley, RR Davis, SE Childers, DL Simard, M Chambers, R Jaffe, R Boyer, JN Rudnick, DT Zhang, K Castaneda-Moya, E Ewe, SML Price, RM Coronado-Molina, C Ross, M Smith, TJ Michot, B Meselhe, E Nuttle, W Troxler, TG Noe, GB AF Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. Twilley, Robert R. Davis, Stephen E., III Childers, Daniel L. Simard, Marc Chambers, Randolph Jaffe, Rudolf Boyer, Joseph N. Rudnick, David T. Zhang, Keqi Castaneda-Moya, Edward Ewe, Sharon M. L. Price, Rene M. Coronado-Molina, Carlos Ross, Michael Smith, Thomas J., III Michot, Beatrice Meselhe, Ehab Nuttle, William Troxler, Tiffany G. Noe, Gregory B. TI The Role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in Regulating Nutrient Cycling and Wetland Productivity in South Florida SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mangrove; phosphorus; nitrogen; carbon; Florida Bay; soil biogeochemistry; water quality ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L.; SHARK RIVER ESTUARY; WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION; SEA-LEVEL RISE; COASTAL EVERGLADES; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHTNING STRIKES; SIMULATION-MODEL AB The authors summarize the main findings of the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) program in the EMER, within the context of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), to understand how regional processes, mediated by water flow, control population and ecosystem dynamics across the EMER landscape. Tree canopies with maximum height 3 m cover 49% of the EMER, particularly in the SE region. These scrub/dwarf mangroves are the result of a combination of low soil phosphorus (P 59 g P g dw-1) in the calcareous marl substrate and long hydroperiod. Phosphorus limits the EMER and its freshwater watersheds due to the lack of terrigenous sediment input and the phosphorus-limited nature of the freshwater Everglades. Reduced freshwater delivery over the past 50years, combined with Everglades compartmentalization and a 10 cm rise in coastal sea level, has led to the landward transgression (1.5 km in 54 years) of the mangrove ecotone. Seasonal variation in freshwater input strongly controls the temporal variation of nitrogen and P exports (99%) from the Everglades to Florida Bay. Rapid changes in nutrient availability and vegetation distribution during the last 50years show that future ecosystem restoration actions and land use decisions can exert a major influence, similar to sea level rise over the short term, on nutrient cycling and wetland productivity in the EMER. C1 [Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Twilley, Robert R.; Castaneda-Moya, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Davis, Stephen E., III] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Simard, Marc] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chambers, Randolph] Coll William & Mary, Keck Environm Lab, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rudnick, David T.; Coronado-Molina, Carlos] S Florida Water Management Dist, Wetland Watershed Sci Div, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies Earth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Environm & Int Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Florida SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Michot, Beatrice; Meselhe, Ehab] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Ctr Louisiana Inland Water Studies, Lafayette, LA USA. [Nuttle, William] 1Ecohydrol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Rivera-Monroy, VH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 3209 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM vhrivera@lsu.edu RI Rivera-Monroy, Victor/G-7329-2011; Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013; OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514]; NOAA [NA06NOS4780099]; South Florida Water Management District [4500012650]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Preparation of this material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DBI-0620409 and Grant No. DEB-9910514. Additional funding was provided by NOAA (LSU/Award No. NA06NOS4780099), the South Florida Water Management District (LSU/PO No. 4500012650). Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration LCLUC Program. The authors are indebted to numerous Everglades National Park rangers, technicians, and researchers who have supported their research activities over the years. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This contribution No. 504 of the Southern Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 123 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 71 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 633 EP 669 AR PII 933734560 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.530907 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000023 ER PT B AU Hillel, D Rosenzweig, C AF Hillel, Daniel Rosenzweig, Cynthia BE Yadav, SS Redden, RJ Hatfield, JL LotzeCampen, H Hall, AE TI Crop Adaptation to Climate Change Foreword SO CROP ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Hillel, Daniel; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Hillel, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-96089-9; 978-0-8138-2016-3 PY 2011 BP XX EP XXI D2 10.1002/9780470960929 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BA8DM UT WOS:000338009900001 ER PT J AU Bindschadler, R Choi, H Wichlacz, A Bingham, R Bohlander, J Brunt, K Corr, H Drews, R Fricker, H Hall, M Hindmarsh, R Kohler, J Padman, L Rack, W Rotschky, G Urbini, S Vornberger, P Young, N AF Bindschadler, R. Choi, H. Wichlacz, A. Bingham, R. Bohlander, J. Brunt, K. Corr, H. Drews, R. Fricker, H. Hall, M. Hindmarsh, R. Kohler, J. Padman, L. Rack, W. Rotschky, G. Urbini, S. Vornberger, P. Young, N. TI Getting around Antarctica: new high-resolution mappings of the grounded and freely-floating boundaries of the Antarctic ice sheet created for the International Polar Year SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID STICK-SLIP MOTION; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; LASER ALTIMETRY; STREAM; SHELF; ZONE; GREENLAND; MARGINS; BENEATH; MOUTH AB Two ice-dynamic transitions of the Antarctic ice sheet - the boundary of grounded ice features and the freely-floating boundary - are mapped at 15-m resolution by participants of the International Polar Year project ASAID using customized software combining Landsat-7 imagery and ICESat/GLAS laser altimetry. The grounded ice boundary is 53 610 km long; 74% abuts to floating ice shelves or outlet glaciers, 19% is adjacent to open or sea-ice covered ocean, and 7% of the boundary ice terminates on land. The freely-floating boundary, called here the hydrostatic line, is the most landward position on ice shelves that expresses the full amplitude of oscillating ocean tides. It extends 27 521 km and is discontinuous. Positional (one-sigma) accuracies of the grounded ice boundary vary an order of magnitude ranging from +/-52 m for the land and open-ocean terminating segments to +/-502 m for the outlet glaciers. The hydrostatic line is less well positioned with errors over 2 km. Elevations along each line are selected from 6 candidate digital elevation models based on their agreement with ICESat elevation values and surface shape inferred from the Landsat imagery. Elevations along the hydrostatic line are converted to ice thicknesses by applying a firn-correction factor and a flotation criterion. BEDMAP-compiled data and other airborne data are compared to the ASAID elevations and ice thicknesses to arrive at quantitative (one-sigma) uncertainties of surface elevations of +/-3.6, +/-9.6, +/-11.4, +/-30 and +/-100 m for five ASAID-assigned confidence levels. Over one-half of the surface elevations along the grounded ice boundary and over one-third of the hydrostatic line elevations are ranked in the highest two confidence categories. A comparison between ASAID-calculated ice shelf thicknesses and BEDMAP-compiled data indicate a thin-ice bias of 41.2+/-71.3m for the ASAID ice thicknesses. The relationship between the seaward offset of the hydrostatic line from the grounded ice boundary only weakly matches a prediction based on beam theory. The mapped products along with the customized software to generate them and a variety of intermediate products are available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. C1 [Bindschadler, R.; Choi, H.; Wichlacz, A.; Vornberger, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bingham, R.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, Scotland. [Bohlander, J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Corr, H.; Hindmarsh, R.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Drews, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Fricker, H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hall, M.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kohler, J.; Rotschky, G.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Padman, L.] Earth & Space Res ESR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Rack, W.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Urbini, S.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Young, N.] Univ Tasmania, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. RP Bindschadler, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Code 614-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.a.bindschadler@nasa.gov RI Hindmarsh, Richard/C-1405-2012 OI Hindmarsh, Richard/0000-0003-1633-2416 FU NASA [509496.02.08.01.81] FX A project of this magnitude and complexity could not have been accomplished without extensive contributions from many people, some of whom do not appear as authors on this paper. Funding support for the central work was provided through NASA grant 509496.02.08.01.81. Other domestic and international participants have been supported by other funding and we thank the British Antarctic Survey for adding flights specifically for ASAID to an already packed field schedule. Michiel van den Broeke was extremely gracious for providing his work on firn correction values. Two anonymous reviewers contributed persuasive criticisms of an earlier draft that led to the extensive use of BEDMAP-compiled data and greatly improved the quantitative assessment of the ASAID products' accuracies. NR 35 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 569 EP 588 DI 10.5194/tc-5-569-2011 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 826TO UT WOS:000295377900005 ER PT S AU Liu, K Chattopadhyay, A Arnold, SM AF Liu, Kuang Chattopadhyay, Aditi Arnold, Steven M. BE Kriven, WM Gyekenyesi, AL Wang, J TI IMPACT OF MATERIAL AND ARCHITECTURE MODEL PARAMETERS ON THE FAILURE OF WOVEN CMCS VIA THE MULTISCALE GENERALIZED METHOD OF CELLS SO DEVELOPMENTS IN STRATEGIC MATERIALS AND COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div, Amer Ceram Soc ID MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES AB It is well known that failure of a material is a locally driven event. In the case of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), significant variations in the microstructure of the composite exist and their significance on both deformation and life response need to be assessed. Examples of these variations include changes in the fiber tow shape, void content within tows, tow shifting/nesting and voids within and between tows. In the present work, the effects of many of these architectural parameters and material scatter of woven ceramic composite properties at the macroscale (woven RUC) will be studied to assess their sensitivity. The recently developed Multiscale Generalized Method of Cells methodology is used to determine the overall deformation response, proportional elastic limit (first matrix cracking), and failure under tensile loading conditions. The macroscale responses investigated illustrate the effect of architectural and material parameters on a single RUC representing a five harness satin weave fabric. Results shows that the most critical architectural parameter is the weave void content with other parameters being less in severity. Variation of the matrix material properties was also studied to illustrate the influence of the material variability on the overall features of the composite stress-strain response. C1 [Liu, Kuang; Chattopadhyay, Aditi] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Arnold, Steven M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-09539-3; 978-1-118-17237-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 BP 175 EP 192 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG7ZT UT WOS:000392129100017 ER PT B AU Kohli, R AF Kohli, Rajiv BE Kohli, R Mittal, KL TI Non-Aqueous Interior Surface Cleaning Using Projectiles SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 3: METHODS FOR REMOVAL OF PARTICLE CONTAMINANTS SE Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; PURIFICATION C1 NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kohli, R (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, 2525 Bay Area Blvd,Suite 600, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7886-1; 978-1-4377-7885-4 J9 DEV SURF CONTAM CL PY 2011 VL 3 BP 123 EP 147 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BEM10 UT WOS:000317295000005 ER PT B AU Kohli, R AF Kohli, Rajiv BE Kohli, R Mittal, KL TI Alternate Semi-Aqueous Precision Cleaning Techniques: Steam Cleaning and Supersonic Gas/Liquid Cleaning Systems SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 3: METHODS FOR REMOVAL OF PARTICLE CONTAMINANTS SE Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER C1 NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kohli, R (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, 2525 Bay Area Blvd,Suite 600, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 122 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7886-1; 978-1-4377-7885-4 J9 DEV SURF CONTAM CL PY 2011 VL 3 BP 201 EP 237 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BEM10 UT WOS:000317295000007 ER PT S AU Bellan, J AF Bellan, Josette BE Kuerten, H Geurts, B Armenio, V Frohlich, J TI Direct and Large Eddy Simulation of Two-Phase Flows with Evaporation SO DIRECT AND LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION VIII SE ERCOFTAC Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation CY JUL 07-09, 2010 CL Eindhoven Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Eindhoven Univ Technol, Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Universiteitsfonds Eindhoven, Netherlands Org Sci Res HO Eindhoven Univ, Dept Mech Engn ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MIXING LAYER LADEN; TURBULENCE; PARTICLES; DROPS C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bellan, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Josette.Bellan@jp1.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-4309 BN 978-94-007-2481-5 J9 ERCOFTAC SER PY 2011 VL 15 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2482-2_25 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BGI40 UT WOS:000323091800025 ER PT S AU Arthur, JJ Prinzel, LJ Williams, SP Bailey, RE Shelton, KJ Norman, RM AF Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Williams, Steven P. Bailey, Randall E. Shelton, Kevin J. Norman, R. Mike BE Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD Guell, JJ Bernier, KL TI Enhanced/synthetic vision and head-worn display technologies for terminal maneuvering area NextGen operations SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Head-worn display; Synthetic Vision; Enhanced Vision; NextGen; Equivalent Visual Operations; Flight Simulation AB NASA is researching innovative technologies for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) to provide a "Better-Than-Visual" (BTV) capability as adjunct to "Equivalent Visual Operations" (EVO); that is, airport throughputs equivalent to that normally achieved during Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations rates with equivalent and better safety in all weather and visibility conditions including Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). These new technologies build on proven flight deck systems and leverage synthetic and enhanced vision systems. Two piloted simulation studies were conducted to access the use of a Head-Worn Display (HWD) with head tracking for synthetic and enhanced vision systems concepts. The first experiment evaluated the use a HWD for equivalent visual operations to San Francisco International Airport (airport identifier: KSFO) compared to a visual concept and a head-down display concept. A second experiment evaluated symbology variations under different visibility conditions using a HWD during taxi operations at Chicago O'Hare airport (airport identifier: KORD). Two experiments were conducted, one in a simulated San Francisco airport (KSFO) approach operation and the other, in simulated Chicago O'Hare surface operations, evaluating enhanced/synthetic vision and head-worn display technologies for NextGen operations. While flying a closely-spaced parallel approach to KSFO, pilots rated the HWD, under low-visibility conditions, equivalent to the out-the-window condition, under unlimited visibility, in terms of situational awareness (SA) and mental workload compared to a head-down enhanced vision system. There were no differences between the 3 display concepts in terms of traffic spacing and distance and the pilot decision-making to land or go-around. For the KORD experiment, the visibility condition was not a factor in pilot's rating of clutter effects from symbology. Several concepts for enhanced implementations of an unlimited field-of-regard BTV concept for low-visibility surface operations were determined to be equivalent in pilot ratings of efficacy and usability. C1 [Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Williams, Steven P.; Bailey, Randall E.; Shelton, Kevin J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Arthur, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM Trey.Arthur@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-616-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8042 AR 80420Q DI 10.1117/12.883036 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVQ76 UT WOS:000292308100021 ER PT S AU Kramer, LJ Bailey, RE Ellis, KKE Norman, RM Williams, SP Arthur, JJ Shelton, KJ Prinzel, LJ AF Kramer, Lynda J. Bailey, Randall E. Ellis, Kyle K. E. Norman, R. Michael Williams, Steven P. Arthur, Jarvis J., III Shelton, Kevin J. Prinzel, Lawrence J., III BE Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD Guell, JJ Bernier, KL TI Enhanced and Synthetic Vision for Terminal Maneuvering Area NextGen Operations SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Synthetic Vision; Enhanced Vision; Enhanced Flight Vision System; Head-Up Display; Aviation Safety; Flight Deck Systems; All Weather Operations ID SYSTEM AB Synthetic Vision Systems and Enhanced Flight Vision System (SVS/EFVS) technologies have the potential to provide additional margins of safety for aircrew performance and enable operational improvements for low visibility operations in the terminal area environment with equivalent efficiency as visual operations. To meet this potential, research is needed for effective technology development and implementation of regulatory and design guidance to support introduction and use of SVS/EFVS advanced cockpit vision technologies in Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) operations. A fixed-base pilot-in-the-loop simulation test was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center that evaluated the use of SVS/EFVS in NextGen low visibility ground (taxi) operations and approach/landing operations. Twelve crews flew approach and landing operations in a simulated NextGen Chicago O'Hare environment. Various scenarios tested the potential for EFVS for operations in visibility as low as 1000 ft runway visibility range (RVR) and SVS to enable lower decision heights (DH) than can currently be flown today. Expanding the EFVS visual segment from DH to the runway in visibilities as low as 1000 RVR appears to be viable as touchdown performance was excellent without any workload penalties noted for the EFVS concept tested. A lower DH to 150 ft and/or possibly reduced visibility minima by virtue of SVS equipage appears to be viable when implemented on a Head-Up Display, but the landing data suggests further study for head-down implementations. C1 [Kramer, Lynda J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.; Williams, Steven P.; Arthur, Jarvis J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 24 W Taylor St,MS 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-616-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8042 AR 80420T DI 10.1117/12.885902 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVQ76 UT WOS:000292308100023 ER PT S AU Horanyi, M Colette, A Drake, K Grun, E Kempf, S Munsat, T Robertson, S Shu, A Sternovsky, Z Wang, X AF Horanyi, M. Colette, A. Drake, K. Gruen, E. Kempf, S. Munsat, T. Robertson, S. Shu, A. Sternovsky, Z. Wang, X. BE Nosenko, VY Shukla, PK Thoma, MH Thomas, HM TI The Dust Accelerator Facility of the Colorado Center for Lunar Dust and Atmospheric Studies SO DUSTY/COMPLEX PLASMAS: BASIC AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF DUSTY PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas (ICPDP) CY MAY 16-20, 2011 CL Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc (MPG), German Space Agcy (DLR/BMWi), European Space Agcy (ESA), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP) DE hypervelocity dust impacts; charged dust; electrostatic accelerator AB The NASA Lunar Institute's Colorado Center for Lunar Dust and Atmospheric Studies has recently completed the construction of a new experimental facility to study hypervelocity dust impacts. The installation includes a 3 MV Pelletron, accelerating small particles in the size range of 0.1 to few microns to velocities in the range of 1 to 100 km/s. Here we report the capabilities of our facility, and the results of our first experiments. C1 [Horanyi, M.; Colette, A.; Drake, K.; Gruen, E.; Kempf, S.; Munsat, T.; Robertson, S.; Shu, A.; Sternovsky, Z.; Wang, X.] Univ Colorado, NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Colorado Ctr Lunar Dust & Atmospher Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Horanyi, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Colorado Ctr Lunar Dust & Atmospher Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI KEMPF, SASCHA/0000-0001-5236-3004; Horanyi, Mihaly/0000-0002-5920-9226 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0967-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1397 DI 10.1063/1.3659850 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BYP37 UT WOS:000299572300117 ER PT J AU Gao, S Qu, TD Fukumori, I AF Gao, Shan Qu, Tangdong Fukumori, Ichiro TI Effects of mixing on the subduction of South Pacific waters identified by a simulated passive tracer and its adjoint SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Subduction; Mixing; Tracer; South Pacific ID NORTH-PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; MODE WATERS; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; THERMOCLINE; CLIMATOLOGY; PATHWAY; ORIGIN; GCM AB Effects of mixing on water mass subduction are analyzed in the South Pacific Ocean. Model simulations using a passive tracer and its adjoint are employed in conjunction with a particle tracking method to distinguish effects of mixing from those of advection. The results show that mixing processes can contribute to as much as 20% of the overall subduction rate in the South Pacific. Of this mixing contribution, about 30% can be attributed to meso-scale eddies, including their associated bolus transport, while the major part (70%) is due to other diabatic processes. The impact of mixing reaches its maximum near the Sub-Antarctic Front, accounting for nearly 30% of the total subduction rate. Consequently, estimates based on tracing particles or on advection alone may significantly underestimate the subduction rate in the South Pacific Ocean. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Shan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, PR, Peoples R China. [Qu, Tangdong] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fukumori, Ichiro] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, 7 Nanhai Rd, Qingdao 266071, PR, Peoples R China. EM gaoshan@qdio.ac.cn RI Gao, Shan/H-7959-2013 OI Gao, Shan/0000-0003-4510-5028 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q11-02]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411802]; National Science Foundation of China [40876011]; NSF [OCE06-23533]; JAMSTEC; NASA; NOAA FX S. Gao was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences through grant KZCX2-YW-Q11-02, National Basic Research Program of China through Grant 2007CB411802 and the National Science Foundation of China through grant 40876011. T. Qu was supported by NSF through grant OCE06-23533 and by JAMSTEC, NASA, and NOAA through their sponsorship of research activities at the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC). Work by I. Fukumori was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The authors are grateful to Z. Xing, I.-L. Tang, R.T. Goo and Y. Shen for constant assistance in processing the ECCO outputs and language polishing. SOEST contribution number 8053 and IPRC contribution number IPRC-738. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD JAN PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.10.002 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 720LB UT WOS:000287281100003 ER PT B AU Fraknoi, A CoBabe-Ammann, E Prather, E AF Fraknoi, Andrew CoBabe-Ammann, Emily Prather, Edward BE Jensen, JB Manning, JG Gibbs, MG TI EPO and Astro 101: Shotgun Wedding, Marriage of Convenience, or Meaningful Relationship? SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE: MAKING CONNECTIONS IN EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2010 CL Geolog Soc Amer, Boulder, CO SP NASA Lunar Sci Inst, IPAC, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, WH Freeman & Co, Collaborat Astron Teach Scholars, Ctr Astron Educ, Sky Skan, NASA, NRAO, Stratopher Observ Infrared Astron, Planck, Univ Chicago Press, I Clicker, Aerospace, Capitol Coll, CAPER Team, AAS, Windows Universe, Seiler, Celestron, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Boulder Beer HO Geolog Soc Amer AB Astro 101 touches the widest audiences imaginable interested generalists, future teachers (whether they know it or not), soon-to-be citizen scientists, and students who will eventually end up heading into STEM careers. NASA's Space Mission Directorate Education and Public Outreach has, as its mandate, all of these audiences as target clients although we identify them more formally (e.g., informal and formal education, outreach, and higher education). The question on the table is this: should there be a relationship between these two and is there? Is that relationship taking full advantage of what the other has to offer? Or should it just be left up to the vagaries of individual instructors to find their place in the NASA Science Mission Diretorate (SMD) EPO landscape? Should EPO professionals assume that, within their definitions, they've covered all of the bases? Where do research-based best practices fit into both worlds? Where does the "pipeline" fit into all of this? C1 [Fraknoi, Andrew] Foothill Coll, Dept Astron, Los Altos Hills, CA USA. [CoBabe-Ammann, Emily] NASA, SMD Working Grp Higher Educ, Austin, TX USA. [Prather, Edward] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fraknoi, A (reprint author), Foothill Coll, Dept Astron, Los Altos Hills, CA USA. FU National SCience Foundation [0715517]; CCLI phase III Grant for the Collaboration of Astronomy Teaching Scholars (CATS); NASA FX This material is based upon work supported by National SCience Foundation under Grant No. 0715517, a CCLI phase III Grant for the Collaboration of Astronomy Teaching Scholars (CATS) .CAE is also funded through JPL's NASA Exoplanet Exploration Public Engagement Program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-766-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 443 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BAH68 UT WOS:000304180400001 ER PT B AU Garmany, K Gibbs, M Grundstrom, E Fienberg, RT Harvey, J Sharma, M McLin, K Scalice, D Statler, T AF Garmany, Katy Gibbs, Michael Grundstrom, Erika Fienberg, Richard Tresch Harvey, Janice Sharma, Mangala McLin, Kevin Scalice, Daniella Statler, Tom BE Jensen, JB Manning, JG Gibbs, MG TI Making Connections with Underserved Communities, Broadening Participation in the STEM Fields SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE: MAKING CONNECTIONS IN EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2010 CL Geolog Soc Amer, Boulder, CO SP NASA Lunar Sci Inst, IPAC, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, WH Freeman & Co, Collaborat Astron Teach Scholars, Ctr Astron Educ, Sky Skan, NASA, NRAO, Stratopher Observ Infrared Astron, Planck, Univ Chicago Press, I Clicker, Aerospace, Capitol Coll, CAPER Team, AAS, Windows Universe, Seiler, Celestron, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Boulder Beer HO Geolog Soc Amer AB The U.S. faces a serious challenge: a decrease in the size of the highly skilled technical workforce, where minority groups are particularly underrepresented. This Special Interest Group discussion addressed the question, "What are the obstacles to making real progress in broadening participation, and what can be started now, at the grass-roots or agency levels, to begin to reduce the worst obstacles?" C1 [Garmany, Katy] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gibbs, Michael] Capitol Coll, Laurel, MD USA. [Grundstrom, Erika] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Fienberg, Richard Tresch] American Astronom Society, Washington, DC USA. [Harvey, Janice] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Sharma, Mangala] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [McLin, Kevin] Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Pk, CA USA. [Scalice, Daniella] NASA, Ames RES Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Statler, Tom] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA USA. RP Garmany, K (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Duello, Theresa/P-5752-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-766-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 443 BP 33 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BAH68 UT WOS:000304180400010 ER PT S AU Aumann, HH Jiang, YB Elliott, DA AF Aumann, Hartmut H. Jiang, Yibo Elliott, Denis A. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Evaluation of Cloudy Data as Stable References for Climate Research using AIRS and IRIS Data SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Climate; Calibration; IRIS; IASI; Infrared ID SPECTRA AB We explore the use cloudy data, including Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) in the tropical oceans for the evaluation of the absolute calibration accuracy and stability of infrared radiometers. For the evaluation of cloudy data we use random nadir samples. We illustrate the method with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data and data from the Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer (IRIS) in the tropical oceans. AIRS is on the EOS Aqua satellite, which was launched in May 2002 and is expected to continue to produce high quality data until 2015. Two copies of IRIS flew on Nimbus satellites between April 1970 and January 1971. Based on inconsistencies between AIRS and IRIS data, the absolute accuracy of the IRIS data is about 1K, including a significant day/night bias. Part of the observed radiometric bias may have been introduced by quality control, which senses a temperature and spatial uniformity dependent degradation of instrument performance. The observed biases are larger than the 0.5K accuracy claimed in the literature. This absolute calibration uncertainty has to be taken into account in the analysis of changes in the more than 30 year time span between IRIS and AIRS, before they can be attributed to changes in the clouds or the climate. The method described in this paper can be applied retrospectively to any infrared radiometer like HIRS, AVHRR and GOES. It has the capability to exposes instrument artifacts, which are not apparent from the routine quality control of the data. C1 [Aumann, Hartmut H.; Jiang, Yibo; Elliott, Denis A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 815304 DI 10.1117/12.892797 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900004 ER PT S AU Barsi, JA Markham, BL Pedelty, JA AF Barsi, Julia A. Markham, Brian L. Pedelty, Jeffrey A. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI The Operational Land Imager: Spectral Response and Spectral Uniformity SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM); Operational Land Imager (OLI); spectral response; uniformity AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will carry the Operational Land Imager (OLI) as one of its payloads. This instrument is a derivative of the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), flown on Earth Observing-1 (EO1) though it's mission is to continue the operational land imaging of the Landsat program. The OLI follows the highly successful Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 missions in continuing to populate an archive of earth images that dates back to 1972. The OLI has significant changes from the Landsat Thematic Mapper instruments, given that is the first pushbroom instrument in the program. However, it is intended to be a continuity mission, so the spatial coverage and spectral bands are similar. The suite of OLI's multispectral bands cover the same bandpasses but the panchromatic band is narrower than that of the ETM+. The OLI also has a shorter wavelength blue band for better resolution of coastal waters and a new band to aid in the detection of Cirrus clouds in the atmosphere. The thermal bands traditionally carried on the TM instruments have been moved to a separate instrument, also onboard the LDCM spacecraft. With the pushbroom design, each OLI multi-spectral band consists of nearly 7000 detectors. The OLI underwent prelaunch to verify a host of requirements on it's spectral performance, where was characterized at three different points during development. This paper will cover the results of the tests that attempt to validate the spectral uniformity requirements, including in-band response, out-of-band response, and spectral uniformity across the focal plane. C1 [Barsi, Julia A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barsi, JA (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA, GSFC, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM julia.barsi@nasa.gov RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81530G DI 10.1117/12.895438 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900012 ER PT S AU Cofield, RE Kasl, EP AF Cofield, Richard E. Kasl, Eldon P. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Thermal stability of a 4 meter primary reflector for the Scanning Microwave Limb Sounder SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microwave limb sounding; composite reflectors; toroidal; thermal distortion; physical optics AB The Scanning Microwave Limb Sounder (SMLS) is a space-borne heterodyne radiometer which will measure pressure, temperature and atmospheric constituents from thermal emission in [180,680] GHz. SMLS, planned for the NRC Decadal Survey's Global Atmospheric Composition Mission, uses a novel toric Cassegrain antenna to perform both elevation and azimuth scanning. These will provide better horizontal and temporal resolution and coverage than were possible with elevation-only scanning in the two previous MLS satellite instruments. SMLS is diffraction-limited in the vertical plane but highly astigmatic in the horizontal (beam aspect ratio similar to 1:20). Nadir symmetry ensures that beam shape is nearly invariant over +/- 65 degrees azimuth. A low-noise receiver's FOV will be swept over the reflector system by a small azimuth-scanning mirror. We describe the fabrication and thermal-stability test of a composite demonstration primary reflector, having full 4m height and 1/3 the width planned for flight. Using finite-element models of reflectors and structure, we evaluate thermal deformations and optical performance for 4 orbital environments and isothermal soak. We compare deformations with photogrammetric measurements made during soak tests in a chamber. The test temperature range exceeds predicted orbital ranges by large factors, implying in-orbit thermal stability of 0.21 micron rms/degrees C; this meets SMLS requirements. C1 [Cofield, Richard E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cofield, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Richard.E.Cofield@jpl.nasa.gov; ekasl@vanguardcomposites.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81530Y DI 10.1117/12.893890 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900029 ER PT S AU Daniels, J Smith, GL Priestley, KJ Bitting, H AF Daniels, Janet Smith, G. Louis Priestley, Kory J. Bitting, Herb BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI The Measured Point Response Functions for the CERES Flight Model 5 Instrument SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CERES; Calibration; Radiometry; EOS; NPP; Earth Radiation Budget; point response function ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; CLOUDS AB The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) Flight Model 5 (FM5) instrument is scheduled to be launched this year aboard the NPP spacecraft in order to continue the Climate Data Record for Earth radiation budget. CERES data will be used together with measurements from the Visible Infra-red Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to compute cloud information for each CERES pixel. Knowledge of the point response function (PRF) of CERES is essential to accurately align these data sets. The Radiation Calibration Facility at Northrop Grumman includes the PRF Source, an optical devise for measuring the PRF. This paper presents the analysis of these tests and the resulting PRF for each of the three channels. C1 [Daniels, Janet; Priestley, Kory J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Daniels, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Janet.l.Daniels@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81531T DI 10.1117/12.893677 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900055 ER PT S AU Elliott, DA Aumann, HH AF Elliott, Denis A. Aumann, Hartmut H. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Sensitivity of AIRS and IASI radiometric calibration to scene temperature SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; infrared; sounder; calibration; AIRS; IASI AB High radiometric accuracy under all conditions (such as scene temperature and scan angle) is critical for establishing a climate-quality data record. In this study we compare radiances of both AIRS and IASI using the difference each instrument sees between the brightness temperature at 1231 cm(-1) and that at 961 cm(-1). We collected spectra at 17 different sites distributed around the world in tropical, temperate, desert, and arctic climates. For perfectly calibrated instruments, the brightness temperature differences should closely agree, since diurnal differences caused by the differing orbits cancel to first order. We examine observed differences (indicative of calibration artifacts) as functions of scene temperature, time of day, and scan angle. AIRS is a cooled grating array spectrometer with 2378 spectral channels in the wavelength range from 3.7 to 15.4 microns. AIRS began routine operations in September 2002. IASI is a Fourier Transform spectrometer covering the range 3.6 to 15.5 microns in three bands. The spectral resolutions of AIRS and IASI are similar. IASI data have been available since July 2007. C1 [Elliott, Denis A.; Aumann, Hartmut H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Elliott, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 815303 DI 10.1117/12.893795 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900003 ER PT S AU Ellis, TA Myers, J Grant, P Platnick, S Guerin, DC Fisher, J Song, K Kimchi, J Kilmer, L LaPorte, DD Moeller, CC AF Ellis, Thomas A. Myers, Jeffrey Grant, Patrick Platnick, Steven Guerin, Daniel C. Fisher, John Song, Kai Kimchi, Joseph Kilmer, Louis LaPorte, Daniel D. Moeller, Christopher C. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI The NASA Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator; NASA ER-2; Global Hawk; Hyperspectral; Earth Observing System AB The new NASA Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is based on the legacy MAS system, which has been used extensively in support of the NASA Earth Observing System program since 1995. eMAS consists of two separate instruments designed to fly together on the NASA ER-2 and Global Hawk high altitude aircraft. The eMAS-IR instrument is an upgraded version of the legacy MAS line-scanning spectrometer, with 38 spectral bands in the wavelength range from 0.47 to 14.1 mu m. The original LN2-cooled MAS MWIR and LWIR spectrometers are replaced with a single vacuum-sealed, Stirling-cooled assembly, having a single MWIR and twelve LWIR bands. This spectrometer module contains a cold optical bench where both dispersive optics and detector arrays are maintained at cryogenic temperatures to reduce infrared background noise, and ensure spectral stability during high altitude airborne operations. The EMAS-HS instrument is a stand-alone push-broom imaging spectrometer, with 202 contiguous spectral bands in the wavelength range from 0.38 to 2.40 mu m. It consists of two Offner spectrometers, mated to a 4-mirror anastigmatic telescope. The system has a single slit, and uses a dichroic beam-splitter to divide the incoming energy between VNIR and SWIR focal plane arrays. It will be synchronized and bore-sighted with the IR line-scanner, and includes an active source for monitoring calibration stability. eMAS is intended to support future satellite missions including the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI,) the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP,) and the follow-on Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS.) C1 [Ellis, Thomas A.; Myers, Jeffrey; Grant, Patrick] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ellis, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS244-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jeffrey.s.myers@nasa.gov RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81530N DI 10.1117/12.894482 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900019 ER PT S AU Jiang, YB Aumann, HH Lau, MW Yung, YL AF Jiang, Yibo Aumann, Hartmut H. Lau, Marie Wingyee Yung, Yuk L. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Climate Change Sensitivity Evaluation from AIRS and IRIS Measurements SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Climate Change; Sensitivity; AIRS; IRIS; Calibration; Ozone; CO2; CH4; Longwave Radiation; Modeling AB Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) measurements over a long period from satellites provide valuable information for climate change. Due to the different coverage, spectral resolution and instrument sensitivities, the data comparisons between different satellites could be problematic and possible artifacts could be easily introduced. In this paper, we illustrate the method and procedures when we compare different satellite measurements by using the data taken by Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer (IRIS) in 1970 and by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) from 2002 to 2010. We use the spectra between 650 cm(-1) and 1350 cm(-1) for nadir view footprints in order to match the AIRS and IRIS measurements. Most of the possible sources of error or biases, which include the errors from spatial coverage, spectral resolution, spectra frequency shift due to the field of view, sea surface temperature uncertainty, clear sky determination, and spectra response function (SRF) symmetry, can be corrected. Using the correct SRF is extremely important when comparing spectra in the high slope spectral regions where possible large artifacts could be introduced. C1 [Jiang, Yibo; Aumann, Hartmut H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jiang, YB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Lau, Marie Wingyee/0000-0001-9755-9406 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81531Z DI 10.1117/12.892817 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900059 ER PT S AU Meister, G Franz, BA AF Meister, Gerhard Franz, Bryan A. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Adjustments to the MODIS Terra radiometric calibration and polarization sensitivity in the 2010 reprocessing SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; scanners; on-orbit calibration; polarization ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OCEAN; SEAWIFS; BANDS AB The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite Terra provides global coverage of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances that have been successfully used for terrestrial and atmospheric research. The MODIS Terra ocean color products, however, have been compromised by an inadequate radiometric calibration at the short wavelengths. The Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) at NASA has derived radiometric corrections using ocean color products from the SeaWiFS sensor as truth fields. In the R2010.0 reprocessing, these corrections have been applied to the whole mission life span of 10 years. This paper presents the corrections to the radiometric gains and to the instrument polarization sensitivity, demonstrates the improvement to the Terra ocean color products, and discusses issues that need further investigation. Although the global averages of MODIS Terra ocean color products are now in excellent agreement with those of SeaWiFS and MODIS Aqua, and image quality has been significantly improved, the large corrections applied to the radiometric calibration and polarization sensitivity require additional caution when using the data. C1 [Meister, Gerhard; Franz, Bryan A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Meister, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Gerhard.Meister@nasa.gov RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012; Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012 OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 815308 DI 10.1117/12.891787 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900007 ER PT S AU Meister, G Franz, BA AF Meister, Gerhard Franz, Bryan A. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Radiometric Quality of the MODIS Bands at 667 and 678nm SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; scanners; on-orbit calibration ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OCEAN-COLOR BANDS AB The MODIS instruments on Terra and Aqua were designed to allow the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence effects over ocean. The retrieval algorithm is based on the difference between the water-leaving radiances at 667nm and 678nm. The water-leaving radiances at these wavelengths are usually very low relative to the top-of-atmosphere radiances. The high radiometric accuracy needed to retrieve the small fluorescence signal lead to a dual gain design for the 667 and 678nm bands. This paper discusses the benefits obtained from this design choice and provides justification for the use of only one set of gains for global processing of ocean color products. Noise characteristics of the two bands and their related products are compared to other products of bands from 412nm to 2130nm. The impact of polarization on the two bands is discussed. In addition, the impact of stray light on the two bands is compared to other MODIS bands. C1 [Meister, Gerhard; Franz, Bryan A.] NASA, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Meister, G (reprint author), NASA, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Gerhard.Meister@nasa.gov RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012; Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012 OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81531M DI 10.1117/12.892022 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900048 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS Fetzer, EJ Suda, J Licata, S AF Pagano, Thomas S. Fetzer, Eric J. Suda, Jarrod Licata, Steve BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Science Highlights and Lessons Learned from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NASA; Satellite; Atmosphere; Weather; Climate; Atmospheric Composition ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; RETRIEVALS AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and companion instrument, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on the NASA Earth Observing System Aqua spacecraft are facility instruments designed to support measurements of atmospheric temperature, water vapor and a wide range of atmospheric constituents in support of weather forecasting and scientific research in climate and atmospheric chemistry. This paper is an update to the science highlights from a paper by the authors released last year and also looks back at the lessons learned and future needs of the scientific community. These lessons not only include requirements on the measurements, but scientific shortfalls as well. Results from the NASA Science Community Workshop in IR and MW Sounders relating to AIRS and AMSU requirements and concerns are covered and reflect much of what has been learned and what is needed for future atmospheric sounding from Low Earth Orbit. C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.; Fetzer, Eric J.; Suda, Jarrod; Licata, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tpagano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 815302 DI 10.1117/12.892805 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900002 ER PT S AU Priestley, K Smith, GL Thomas, S Bitting, H AF Priestley, Kory Smith, G. Lou Thomas, Susan Bitting, Herbert BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI CERES FM-5 on the NPP observatory: predicted Performance and early orbit validation plans SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Earth radiation budget; CERES; radiometry; calibration; validation; NPP ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; THERMISTOR BOLOMETERS; CLOUDS; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETERS; SPACECRAFT AB The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) Flight Model FM-1 and FM-2 sensors aboard the Terra and the FM-3 and FM-4 sensors aboard the Aqua spacecraft have provided the first decade of observations of quality suitable for the Earth Radiation Climate Data Record (CDR). To assure continuity of this CDR the CERES FM-5 sensor will fly on the NPP spacecraft, scheduled for launch in October 2011. The methods for calibrating the FM-5 in orbit and validating the results so as to maintain the required level of accuracy and traceability are described. These methods include use of on-board calibration sources and a number of tests devised for FM-1 through -4. In addition, comparisons of measurement by the newly calibrated FM-5 with (nearly) coincident measurements by the older CERES instruments on Terra and Aqua provide an opportunity to investigate the effects on the instruments and the on-board calibration devices of a decade of operating in space. C1 [Priestley, Kory] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Priestley, K (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM kory.j.priestley@nasa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 815312 DI 10.1117/12.894233 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900033 ER PT S AU Quijada, MA Wilson, M Waluschka, E McClain, CR AF Quijada, Manuel A. Wilson, Mark Waluschka, Eugene McClain, Charles R. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Optical Component Performance for the Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA) SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ORCA; ACE; OES; CO2 remote sensor; spectral resolution AB The Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA) is a new design for the next generation remote sensing of ocean biology and biogeochemistry. ORCA is configured to meet all the measurement requirements of the Decadal Survey Aerosol, Cloud, and Ecology (ACE), the Ocean Ecosystem (OES) radiometer and the Pre-ACE climate data continuity mission (PACE). Under the support of a grant from the NASA Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), a team at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been working on a functional ORCA prototype with flight-like fore and aft optics and scan mechanisms. As part of the development efforts to bring ORCA closer to a flight configuration, we have conducted component-level optical testing and system-level characterizations using non-flight commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) focal plane array detectors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of these testings performed at GSFC and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at the component and system-level testings respectively. C1 [Quijada, Manuel A.; Wilson, Mark; Waluschka, Eugene; McClain, Charles R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Quijada, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM manuel.a.quijada@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81530T DI 10.1117/12.895938 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900025 ER PT S AU Sabelhaus, P AF Sabelhaus, Phil BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI An overview and latest status of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat; data archive; continuity; NASA; USGS AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will provide continuity in the multi-decadal land use/land cover change measurements of the Landsat Program for scientific research. The project office at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is responsible for the development, launch and post launch activation and check out for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission. The LDCM project is currently in its development phase with launch scheduled for December 2012 on an Atlas V launch vehicle provided by the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) from the Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). The project is a partnership between NASA and the Department of the Interior (DOI)/United States Geological Survey (USGS). DOI/USGS is responsible for development of the ground system and will assume responsibility for satellite and ground system operations following the check-out period. This paper will provide an overview and the latest status of the LDCM mission. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sabelhaus, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81530C DI 10.1117/12.893076 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900009 ER PT S AU Susskind, J Blaisdell, J Iredell, L AF Susskind, Joel Blaisdell, John Iredell, Lena BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Improved Surface and Tropospheric Temperatures Determined Using Only Shortwave Channels: The AIRS Science Team Version-6 Retrieval Algorithm SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AIRS/AMSU; high spectral resolution IR sounders; retrieval methodology; IR sounding in cloudy conditions; cloud cleared radiances; Quality Control ID CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES; PARAMETERS AB The Goddard DISC has generated products derived from AIRS/AMSU-A observations, starting from September 2002 when the AIRS instrument became stable, using the AIRS Science Team Version-5 retrieval algorithm. The AIRS Science Team Version-6 retrieval algorithm will be finalized in September 2011. This paper describes some of the significant improvements contained in the Version-6 retrieval algorithm, compared to that used in Version-5, with an emphasis on the improvement of atmospheric temperature profiles, ocean and land surface skin temperatures, and ocean and land surface spectral emissivities. AIRS contains 2378 spectral channels covering portions of the spectral region 650 cm(-1) (15.38 mu m) -2665 cm(-1) (3.752 mu m). These spectral regions contain significant absorption features from two CO2 absorption bands, the 15 mu m (longwave) CO2 band, and the 4.3 mu m (shortwave) CO2 absorption band. There are also two atmospheric window regions, the 12 mu m-8 mu m (longwave) window, and the 4.17 mu m -3.75 mu m (shortwave) window. Historically, determination of surface and atmospheric temperatures from satellite observations was performed using primarily observations in the longwave window and CO2 absorption regions. According to cloud clearing theory, more accurate soundings of both surface skin and atmospheric temperatures can be obtained under partial cloud cover conditions if one uses observations in longwave channels to determine coefficients which generate cloud cleared radiances (R) over cap (i) for all channels, and uses (R) over cap (i) only from shortwave channels in the determination of surface and atmospheric temperatures. This procedure is now being used in the AIRS Version-6 Retrieval Algorithm. Results are presented for both daytime and nighttime conditions showing improved Version-6 surface and atmospheric soundings under partial cloud cover. C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 815306 DI 10.1117/12.893558 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900005 ER PT S AU Waluschka, E Wilson, M Quijada, M McAndrew, B Ding, LB AF Waluschka, Eugene Wilson, Mark Quijada, Manuel McAndrew, Brendan Ding, Leibo BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI ORCA's depolarizer SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ORCA; Ocean; Carbon; SeaWifs; polarization; depolarizer AB The Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA), currently being developed at Goddard, is a hyperspectral instrument with a spectral range extending from 350nm to 880nm in the UV and visible wavelength. Its radiometric measurement accuracy will depend, in part, on the extent to which it is insensitive to linearly polarized light. A wedge type depolarizer is used to reduce ORCA's polarization sensitivity over its entire spectral range. The choice for this approach is driven by the large spectral range and to a certain extent is also influenced by the currently orbiting SeaWifs instrument's use of a wedge depolarizer and its low polarization sensitivity. The wedge depolarizer's design, its modeled and measured depolarization characteristics are presented. C1 [Waluschka, Eugene; Wilson, Mark; Quijada, Manuel; McAndrew, Brendan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81530U DI 10.1117/12.895482 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900026 ER PT S AU Wilson, ME McClain, C Monosmith, B Quijada, M Waluschka, E Thompson, PL Brown, S AF Wilson, Mark E. McClain, Charles Monosmith, Bryan Quijada, Manuel Waluschka, Eugene Thompson, Patrick L. Brown, Steven BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Optical Design of the Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE radiometer; spectrograph; optical design AB The Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA) is a new design for the next generation remote sensing of oceans biology and biogeochemistry satellite. ORCA is configured to meet the requirements of the Decadal Survey recommended Aerosol, Cloud, and Ecology (ACE), the Ocean Ecosystem (OES) radiometer and the Pre-ACE climate data continuity mission (PACE). Under the auspices of a 2007 grant from NASA's Research Opportunity in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) and the Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), a team at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been working on a functional prototype of a hyperspectral imager with flightlike optics and scan mechanisms. This paper discusses the requirements and optomechanical design of this prototype. C1 [Wilson, Mark E.; Thompson, Patrick L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wilson, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mark.wilson@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81530S DI 10.1117/12.897023 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900024 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Sun, JQ Angal, A Xie, Y Choi, TJ Wang, ZP AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Sun, Junqiang Angal, Amit Xie, Yong Choi, Taeyoung (Jason) Wang, Zhipeng (Ben) BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Results of MODIS Band-to-band Registration Characterization Using On-orbit Lunar Observations SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Terra; Aqua; MODIS; Moon; band-to-band registration; detector-to-detector registration ID PERFORMANCE AB Since launch, lunar observations have been made on a regular basis for both Terra and Aqua MODIS and used in a number of applications for their on-orbit calibration and characterization, including radiometric stability monitoring, band-to-band registration (BBR) characterization, optical leak and electronic cross-talk characterization, and calibration inter-comparisons with others sensors. MODIS has 36 spectral bands, consisting of a total of 490 individual detectors, which are located on four different focal plane assemblies (FPAs). This paper focuses on the use of MODIS lunar observations for its on-orbit BBR characterization in both along-scan and along-track directions. In addition to BBR, study of detector-to-detector registration (DDR) through the use of lunar observations is also discussed. The yearly averaged BBR results developed from MODIS lunar observations are presented in this paper and compared with that derived from its on-board calibrator (OBC). In general, results from different approaches agree well. Results show that on-orbit changes in BBR have been very small for both Terra and Aqua MODIS over their entire missions. It is clearly demonstrated in this paper that the lunar approaches developed and applied to MODIS can be effectively used by other sensors for their on-orbit BBR and DDR characterization. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-763-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8153 AR 81531R DI 10.1117/12.893224 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ18 UT WOS:000297670900053 ER PT J AU Fok, HS Shum, CK Yi, YC Araki, H Ping, JS Williams, JG Fotopoulos, G Noda, H Goossens, S Huang, QA Ishihara, Y Matsumoto, K Oberst, U Sasaki, S AF Fok, H. S. Shum, C. K. Yi, Yuchan Araki, Hiroshi Ping, Jinsong Williams, James G. Fotopoulos, Georgia Noda, Hirotomo Goossens, Sander Huang, Qian Ishihara, Yoshiaki Matsumoto, Koji Oberst, Urgen Sasaki, Sho TI Accuracy assessment of lunar topography models SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Kaguya Science Meeting on Earth, Planets and Space CY JAN 14-15, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN DE Accuracy assessment; lunar topography; selenodesy; Chang'E-1; SELENE ID LASER ALTIMETER; SELENE; SHAPE; MOON; KAGUYA; VLBI; LALT AB Both the Chang'E-1 and SELenological and ENgineering Explorer (SELENE) lunar missions, launched in 2007, provide an opportunity for significant advances in lunar science. In particular, both orbiters provide refined lunar topography models with unprecedented finer resolution and improved accuracy, especially for the far side and the polar areas of the Moon where fewer valid measurements have been available to date. An evaluation of the derived topography models is essential for the improved interpretation of selenophysics, including a knowledge of the interior of the Moon. This study provides both external and internal accuracy assessments for the derived topographic models (note that different data sets are used, albeit independent). The external comparison, which consists of comparing the topographic models with landmarks established with lunar laser ranging and radio tracking, yields an accuracy estimate of 157 m for the Change'E-1 model and 58 m for the SELENE model (150 m and 55 m if the newly recovered Lunakhod-1 site is included). The internal comparison, consisting of crossover analysis of the altimeter data after the removal of once-per-orbital-revolution errors, yields an accuracy estimate of 206 m and 68 m, respectively. These comparisons allow the establishment of conservative estimates of accuracy of 200 m and 70 m for the Chang'E-1 and SELENE models, respectively. Given the conservative estimates on the accuracy, both models yield significant improvement by factors of 2.5 and 8, respectively, when compared with a contemporary lunar topography model, i.e., the Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 (ULCN2005). C1 [Fok, H. S.; Shum, C. K.; Yi, Yuchan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Araki, Hiroshi; Noda, Hirotomo; Goossens, Sander; Ishihara, Yoshiaki; Matsumoto, Koji; Sasaki, Sho] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan. [Ping, Jinsong; Huang, Qian] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Williams, James G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fotopoulos, Georgia] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Oberst, Urgen] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Fok, HS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, 125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fok.8@buckeyemail.osu.edu RI Ishihara, Yoshiaki/A-8499-2011; Goossens, Sander/K-2526-2015 OI Goossens, Sander/0000-0002-7707-1128 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2011 VL 63 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.5047/eps.2010.08.005 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 746QZ UT WOS:000289263100004 ER PT J AU Owen, JJ Amundson, R Dietrich, WE Nishiizumi, K Sutter, B Chong, G AF Owen, Justine J. Amundson, Ronald Dietrich, William E. Nishiizumi, Kunihiko Sutter, Brad Chong, Guillermo TI The sensitivity of hillslope bedrock erosion to precipitation SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE erosion; climate; hillslope; cosmogenic radionuclides; Atacama ID CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; WESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; SOIL PRODUCTION FUNCTION; PROCESS-BASED MODEL; ATACAMA DESERT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; CRYSTALLIZATION PRESSURE AB Decoupling the impacts of climate and tectonics on hillslope erosion rates is a challenging problem. Hillslope erosion rates are well known to respond to changes in hillslope boundary conditions (e. g. channel incision rates) through their dependence on soil thickness, and precipitation is an important control on soil formation. Surprisingly though, compilations of hillslope denudation rates suggest little precipitation sensitivity. To isolate the effects of precipitation and boundary condition, we measured rates of soil production from bedrock and described soils on hillslopes along a semi-arid to hyperarid precipitation gradient in northern Chile. In each climate zone, hillslopes with contrasting boundary conditions (actively incising channels versus non-eroding landforms) were studied. Channel incision rates, which ultimately drive hillslope erosion, varied with precipitation rather than tectonic setting throughout the study area. These precipitation-dependent incision rates are mirrored on the hillslopes, where erosion shifts from relatively fast and biologically-driven to extremely slow and salt-driven as precipitation decreases. Contrary to studies in humid regions, bedrock erosion rates increase with precipitation following a power law, from similar to 1 m Ma(-1) in the hyperarid region to similar to 40 m Ma(-1) in the semi-arid region. The effect of boundary condition on soil thickness was observed in all climate zones (thicker soils on hillslopes with stable boundaries compared to hillslopes bounded by active channels), but the difference in bedrock erosion rates between the hillslopes within a climate region (slower erosion rates on hillslopes with stable boundaries) decreased as precipitation decreased. The biotic-abiotic threshold also marks the precipitation rate below which bedrock erosion rates are no longer a function of soil thickness. Our work shows that hillslope processes become sensitive to precipitation as life disappears and the ability of the landscape to respond to tectonics decreases. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Owen, Justine J.; Amundson, Ronald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dietrich, William E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nishiizumi, Kunihiko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sutter, Brad] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Chong, Guillermo] Unversidad Catolica Norte, Dept Ciencias Geol, Antofagasta, Chile. RP Owen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM justineosaur@gmail.com RI Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015 FU NASA GSRP [5135]; IGPP LNLL; NSF [EAR-0447411] FX This project was funded by a NASA GSRP #5135, an IGPP LNLL minigrant, and NSF grant # EAR-0447411. Thanks to Sarah Reed for her help with fieldwork, Marc Caffee and Robert Finkel for AMS measurements, and to Kyungsoo Yoo and Arjun Heimsath for discussions of hillslopes. NR 115 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 117 EP 135 DI 10.1002/esp.2083 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 702IC UT WOS:000285886800010 ER PT B AU Tada, S Shen, Y Jacqmin, D Fu, BM Qiu, ZY AF Tada, Shigeru Shen, Yan Jacqmin, David Fu, Bingmei Qiu, Zhiyong BE Tao, R TI UNDERSTANDING ELECTRIC INTERACTIONS IN SUSPENSIONS IN GRADIENT AC ELECTRIC FIELDS II: SIMULATIONS AND APPLICATION EXPLORATION SO ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Electro-rheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions (ERMR) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Temple Univ, Lord Corp, BASF Chem Co, Anton Paar GmbH, Stream Chem Inc. AB We used numerical simulations of a continuous model and the molecular dynamics model to understand the particle instability, formation of island-like structures and existence of one critical particle concentration of 1% (v/v) for formation of island-like structures in the suspension in a gradient ac electric field reported in Paper I. The simulations of the continuous model show that the critical concentration of 1% (v/v) is the concentration of which the particles of a suspension are just fully filling the lower field region finally. According to the MD simulations, the particles instability does exist in the corn oil in a gradient ac electric field, anisotropic polarization interactions among the particles are responsible for the particle instability and have memory, and the memory is still kept even when the particles are transported by a dielectrophoresis force. The island-like structures can be regarded as signature of the memory. We explored possibilities to apply our findings in biomedical fields. C1 [Tada, Shigeru] Natl Def Acad, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. [Shen, Yan] Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. [Jacqmin, David] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Fu, Bingmei; Qiu, Zhiyong] CUNY, New York Ctr Biomed Engn, 140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Fu, Bingmei; Qiu, Zhiyong] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Qiu, ZY (reprint author), CUNY, New York Ctr Biomed Engn, 140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM LTSCLTSC@HOTMAIL.COM FU NASA [NAG3-2698]; PSC-CUNY Professional Development Fund FX The authors gratefully acknowledged that this work was in part supported by NASA under grant No NAG3-2698 and PSC-CUNY Professional Development Fund. The authors thank Dr. Junjun Mao for providing them with computing resources of the Levich Institute of the City College of the City University of New York for the MD simulations. The continuous model simulations were conducted in NASA Glenn Research Center. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-22-9 PY 2011 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH0AA UT WOS:000394403800061 ER PT B AU Bailey, SG Viterna, LA AF Bailey, Sheila G. Viterna, Larry A. BE Rao, KR TI ROLE OF NASA IN PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND ENERGY SO ENERGY AND POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK: ESTABLISHED AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARS PATHFINDER; SPACE; GAAS C1 [Bailey, Sheila G.] Baldwin Wallace Coll, Berea, OH USA. [Bailey, Sheila G.] Mil Coll, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Viterna, Larry A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Viterna, Larry A.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Viterna, Larry A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5955-1 PY 2011 BP F1 EP F24 D2 10.1115/1.859551 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGT43 UT WOS:000324079200008 ER PT S AU Martin, L Kupfer, M Palmer, E Mercer, J Callantine, T Prevot, T AF Martin, Lynne Kupfer, Michael Palmer, Everett Mercer, Joey Callantine, Todd Prevot, Thomas BE Harris, D TI Acceptability and Effects of Tools to Assist with Controller Managed Spacing in the Terminal Area SO ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE decision support tools; controller managed spacing; terminal area; utility and usability AB In a human-in-the-loop simulation, a scheduler delivered aircraft to meter fixes in the Los Angeles terminal area with a -60 to +30 second accuracy. This study investigated whether, and how well, controllers could control aircraft to land them as close to their scheduled time of arrival (STA) as possible using speed control alone. Controllers were assigned one of three levels of tools to assist them but had to compensate for errors in the forecast winds that had not been taken into account by the scheduler. Results show that speed clearances were sufficient under all conditions to maneuver aircraft closer to their STAs. From participant reports, this form of control incurred manageable workload and two of the three levels of tools were deemed easy to use. C1 [Martin, Lynne; Kupfer, Michael; Mercer, Joey; Callantine, Todd] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Palmer, Everett; Prevot, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Martin, L (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM Lynne.H.Martin@nasa.gov; Michael.Kupfer@nasa.gov; Everett.Palmer@nasa.gov; Joey.Mercer@nasa.gov; Todd.Callantine@nasa.gov; Thomas.Prevot@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21740-1; 978-3-642-21741-8 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6781 BP 432 EP 441 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB82 UT WOS:000312502700046 ER PT J AU Thedinga, JF Johnson, SW Neff, AD AF Thedinga, John F. Johnson, Scott W. Neff, A. Darcie TI Diel differences in fish assemblages in nearshore eelgrass and kelp habitats in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Nearshore fishes; Diel catches; Alaska; Beach seine; Eelgrass; Kelp ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC COD; GADUS-MORHUA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SANDY BEACH; SEAGRASS; SHALLOW; BAY AB The importance of a particular habitat to nearshore fishes can be best assessed by both diurnal and nocturnal sampling. To determine diel differences in fish assemblages in nearshore eelgrass and understory kelp habitats, fishes were sampled diurnally and nocturnally at six locations in western Prince William Sound, Alaska, in summer 2007. Abundance of fish between day and night were similar, but species composition and mean size of some fish changed. Species richness and species diversity were similar in eelgrass during the day and night, whereas in kelp, species richness and species diversity were greater at night than during the day. In eelgrass, saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) was the most abundant species during the day and night. In kelp, the most abundant species were Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) during the day and saffron cod at night. Diel differences in fish size varied by species and habitat. Mean length of saffron cod was similar between day and night in eelgrass but was greatest during the day in kelp. Pacific herring were larger at night than during the day in kelp. Diel sampling is important to identity nearshore habitats essential to fish and help manage fish stocks at risk. C1 [Thedinga, John F.; Johnson, Scott W.; Neff, A. Darcie] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Thedinga, JF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.thedinga@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [642, 261]; NOAA FX We thank Fletcher Sewall and Ashwin Sreenivasan for help with field work, the crew of the R/V Solstice for vessel support, and Adam Moles and Jacek Maselko for reviewing this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (Project 642, Publication #261) and the NOAA Fisheries Essential Fish Habitat Program. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2011 VL 90 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9718-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 691DW UT WOS:000285061500006 ER PT B AU Goetz, SJ Epstein, HE Bhatt, US Jia, GSJ Kaplan, JO Lischke, H Yu, Q Bunn, A Lloyd, AH Alcaraz-Segura, D Beck, PSA Comiso, JC Raynolds, MK Walker, DA AF Goetz, Scott J. Epstein, Howard E. Bhatt, Uma S. Jia, Gensuo J. Kaplan, Jed O. Lischke, Heike Yu, Qin Bunn, Andrew Lloyd, Andrea H. Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo Beck, Pieter S. A. Comiso, Josefino C. Raynolds, Martha K. Walker, Donald A. BE Gutman, G Reissel, A TI Recent Changes in Arctic Vegetation: Satellite Observations and Simulation Model Predictions SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; FUNCTIONAL CONVERGENCE; NORTHERN ALASKA; CARBON EXCHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; TUNDRA; TRENDS; FIRE AB This chapter provides an overview of observed changes in vegetation productivity in Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems over the past 3 decades, based on satellite remote sensing and other observational records, and relates these to climate variables and sea ice conditions. The emerging patterns and relationships are often complex but clearly reveal a contrast in the response of the tundra and boreal biomes to recent climate change, with the tundra showing increases and undisturbed boreal forests mostly reductions in productivity. The possible reasons for this divergence are discussed and the consequences of continued climate warming for the vegetation in the Arctic region assessed using ecosystem models, both at the biome-scale and at high spatial resolution focussing on plant functional types in the tundra and the tundra-forest ecotones. C1 [Goetz, Scott J.; Beck, Pieter S. A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Epstein, Howard E.; Yu, Qin; Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, IARC, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jia, Gensuo J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, START Reg Ctr Temperate E Asia, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Kaplan, Jed O.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ENAC ARVE, Stn 2, EPFL Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Lischke, Heike] WSL, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Bunn, Andrew] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Lloyd, Andrea H.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05443 USA. [Comiso, Josefino C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Goetz, SJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM sgoetz@whrc.org; hee2b@virginia.edu; bhatt@gi.alaska.edu; jiong@tea.ac.cn; jed.kaplan@epfl.ch; heike.lischke@wsl.ch; qy4a@virginia.edu; andy.bunn@wwu.edu; lloyd@middlebury.edu; da6f@virginia.edu; pbeck@whrc.org; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov; fnmkr@uaf.edu; dawalker@alaska.edu RI Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo/B-8063-2008; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; Lischke, Heike/J-5719-2013; OI Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo/0000-0001-8988-4540; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613 NR 71 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9117-8 PY 2011 BP 9 EP 36 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_2 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BSD75 UT WOS:000284236100002 ER PT B AU Walker, DA Forbes, BC Leibman, MO Epstein, HE Bhatt, US Comiso, JC Drozdov, DS Gubarkov, AA Jia, GSJ Kaarlejarvi, E Kaplan, JO Khomutov, AV Kofinas, GP Kumpula, T Kuss, P Moskalenko, NG Meschtyb, NA Pajunen, A Raynolds, MK Romanovsky, VE Stammler, F Yu, Q AF Walker, Donald A. Forbes, Bruce C. Leibman, Marina O. Epstein, Howard E. Bhatt, Uma S. Comiso, Josefino C. Drozdov, Dmitri S. Gubarkov, Anatoly A. Jia, Gensuo J. Kaarlejarvi, Elina Kaplan, Jed O. Khomutov, Artem V. Kofinas, Gary P. Kumpula, Timo Kuss, Patrick Moskalenko, Natalia G. Meschtyb, Nina A. Pajunen, Anu Raynolds, Martha K. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Stammler, Florian Yu, Qin BE Gutman, G Reissel, A TI Cumulative Effects of Rapid Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LATE QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY; ARCTIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; VEGETATION; SIBERIA; WEST; NDVI; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE; PATTERNS AB The Yamal Peninsula in northwest Siberia is undergoing some of the most rapid land-cover and land-use changes in the Arctic due to a combination of gas development, reindeer herding, and climate change. Unusual geological conditions (nutrient-poor sands, massive ground ice and extensive landslides) exacerbate the impacts. These changes will likely increase markedly as transportation corridors are built to transport the gas to market. Understanding the nature, extent, causes and consequences (i.e., the cumulative effects) of the past and ongoing rapid changes on the Yamal is important for effective, long-term decision-making and planning. The cumulative effects to vegetation are the focus of this chapter because the plants are a critical component of the Yamal landscape that support the indigenous Nenets people and their reindeer and also protect the underlying ice-rich permafrost from melting. We are using a combination of ground-based studies (a transect of live locations across the Yamal), remote-sensing studies, and analyses of Nenets land-use activities to develop vegetation-change models that can be used to help anticipate future states of the tundra and how those changes might affect traditional reindeer herding practices and the thermal state of the permafrost. This chapter provides an overview of the approach, some early results, and recommendations for expanding the concept of cumulative-effects analysis to include examining the simultaneous and interactive effects of multiple drivers of change. C1 [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Forbes, Bruce C.; Pajunen, Anu; Stammler, Florian] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland. [Moskalenko, Natalia G.] SB RAS, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Moscow 117982, Russia. [Epstein, Howard E.; Yu, Qin] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, IARC, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Comiso, Josefino C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gubarkov, Anatoly A.; Khomutov, Artem V.] Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen 625000, Russia. [Jia, Gensuo J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, START Reg Ctr Temperate E Asia, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Kaarlejarvi, Elina] Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Kaplan, Jed O.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Stn 2, EPFL Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ENAC ARVE, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kumpula, Timo] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Geog & Hist Studies, Joensuu 80101, Finland. [Kuss, Patrick] Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. [Meschtyb, Nina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ethnol & Anthropol, Dept No Studies, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Walker, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dawalker@alaska.edu; bforbes@ulapland.fi; ds_drozdov@mail.ru; hee2b@virginia.edu; bhatt@gi.alaska.edu; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov; ds_drozdov@mail.ru; agubarkov@gmail.com; jiong@tea.ac.cn; elina.kaarlejarvi@gmail.com; jed.kaplan@epfl.ch; akhomutov@gmail.com; ffgpk@uaf.edu; timo.kumpula@joensuu.fi; patrick.kuss@ips.unibe.ch; natmoskalenko@yandex.ru; meschtyb@mail.ru; anu.pajunen@oulu.fi; fnmkr@uaf.edu; flver@uaf.edu; florian.stammler@ulapland.fi; qy4a@virginia.edu OI Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613 NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9117-8 PY 2011 BP 207 EP 236 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_9 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BSD75 UT WOS:000284236100009 ER PT J AU Martin, AM Hammouda, T AF Martin, Audrey M. Hammouda, Tahar TI Role of iron and reducing conditions on the stability of dolomite plus coesite between 4.25 and 6 GPa - a potential mechanism for diamond formation during subduction SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE dolomite; coesite; subduction; high pressure; redox interactions; decarbonation; experimental petrology; diamond ID OCEANIC UPPER-MANTLE; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-RELATIONS; SYSTEM CACO3-MGCO3-FECO3; ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS; NATURAL DIAMOND; EARTHS MANTLE; SOUTH-AFRICA; REDOX STATE; 2 CO2 AB We have investigated the effect of iron and oxygen fugacity on dolomite + coesite stability during subduction. For redox conditions buffered by the assemblage itself, the presence of iron (Fe/(Fe + Mg) ca. 0.4) lowers the decarbonation reaction by about 200 degrees C at 4.25 GPa and by 300 degrees C at 5.5 GPa, compared to the iron-free reaction. Clinopyroxene and CO(2) form by a decarbonation reaction similar to the iron-free system. At low temperature, however, graphite replaces CO(2) through redox interactions with iron in the carbonate. Melting occurs approximately 100 degrees C above decarbonation and a carbonatitic melt is produced. In a second series of experiments, we imposed lower oxygen fugacity by adding molybdenum, in order to study the potential redox mechanisms in contact with the peridotitic mantle. In these samples, we observe systematic carbon reduction producing the assemblage clinopyroxene + graphite. Our results show that the stability of dolomite + coesite on a subduction path is limited by redox interactions, in addition to pressure and temperature. As our experiments were run in the stability field of diamond, we also demonstrate that diamond may form from dolomite + coesite during subduction. Chemical diffusion of iron and oxygen in the slab and at the slab/mantle interface appears to be a key parameter to determine at what pressure temperature conditions this may happen. C1 [Martin, Audrey M.; Hammouda, Tahar] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Univ, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Martin, Audrey M.; Hammouda, Tahar] LMV, CNRS, UMR 6524, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Martin, Audrey M.; Hammouda, Tahar] LMV, IRD, R 163, F-63068 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Martin, Audrey M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Martin, AM (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Univ, Lab Magmas & Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM audrey.m.martin@nasa.gov OI Martin, Audrey/0000-0002-1165-8866 FU CNRS-INSU FX D. Laporte and D. Andrault are sincerely acknowledged for their comments. The authors are also grateful to K. Righter for English corrections and interesting comments. Dolomite starting material was kindly provided by B. Devouard. Assistance by J.-L. Devidal on electron microprobe, by J.-M. Henot and F. Faure on scanning electron microscope, by J.-M. Nedelec on Raman microprobe and by N. Bolfan-Casanova, F. Pointud and J.-L. Fruquiere on multi-anvil apparatus is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank R.W. Luth and G.M. Yaxley for their constructive reviews, and B. Fritz, C. Shaw and C. Chopin for their editorial work. Financial support from CNRS-INSU (DyETI program) is also acknowledged. The multi-anvil apparatus of Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans is financially supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Instrument National de l'INSU). NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2067 PG 12 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 735HN UT WOS:000288404900002 ER PT S AU Zhang, WW AF Zhang, William W. BE Hudec, R Pina, L TI Lightweight and High Angular Resolution X-ray Optics for Astronomy SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV and X-Ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and Space II CY APR 20-21, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; x-ray astronomy; lightweight optics; x-ray mirrors ID GENERATION-X AB Astronomical observation in the x-ray band (wavelength from similar to 100 - 0.1 Angstroms) must take place above the atmosphere on a space platform. The most effective means of collecting x-ray photons is with imaging optics. As such lightweight and high angular resolution optics are essential for continued success of x-ray astronomy in coming years and decades. In this paper, I will briefly review the development of x-ray optics for astronomy in the past few decades and outline the technical approaches that we have adopted at the Goddard Space Flight Center for developing lightweight and high resolution x-ray optics to enable small and medium missions that can be implemented in the current decade as well flagship missions that can be implemented in the 2020' s. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-666-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8076 AR 807602 DI 10.1117/12.890690 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXY15 UT WOS:000297594500002 ER PT J AU Lacap, DC Warren-Rhodes, KA McKay, CP Pointing, SB AF Lacap, Donnabella C. Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. McKay, Christopher P. Pointing, Stephen B. TI Cyanobacteria and chloroflexi-dominated hypolithic colonization of quartz at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Atacama; Chloroflexi; Chroococcidiopsis; Desert; Hyper-arid; Hypolith ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COLORADO PLATEAU; CENTRAL TIBET; CHINA HOT; SOIL; COLD AB Quartz stones are ubiquitous in deserts and are a substrate for hypoliths, microbial colonists of the underside of such stones. These hypoliths thrive where extreme temperature and moisture stress limit the occurrence of higher plant and animal life. Several studies have reported the occurrence of green hypolithic colonization dominated by cyanobacteria. Here, we describe a novel red hypolithic colonization from Yungay, at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert in Chile. Comparative analysis of green and red hypoliths from this site revealed markedly different microbial community structure as revealed by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Green hypoliths were dominated by cyanobacteria (Chroococcidiopsis and Nostocales phylotypes), whilst the red hypolith was dominated by a taxonomically diverse group of chloroflexi. Heterotrophic phylotypes common to all hypoliths were affiliated largely to desiccation-tolerant taxa within the Actinobacteria and Deinococci. Alphaproteobacterial phylotypes that affiliated with nitrogen-fixing taxa were unique to green hypoliths, whilst Gemmatimonadetes phylotypes occurred only on red hypolithon. Other heterotrophic phyla recovered with very low frequency were assumed to represent functionally relatively unimportant taxa. C1 [Lacap, Donnabella C.; Pointing, Stephen B.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.; McKay, Christopher P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Pointing, SB (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM pointing@hku.hk FU NASA; Hong Kong Research Grants Council [HKU7733/08M HKU7763/10] FX The authors acknowledge support extended by NASA's Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets (ASTEP) program, and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (Grant number HKU7733/08M HKU7763/10). NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s00792-010-0334-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 703TL UT WOS:000286004100003 PM 21069402 ER PT J AU Sayyah, R Macleod, TC Ho, FD AF Sayyah, Rana Macleod, Todd C. Ho, Fat D. TI Radiation-Hardened Electronics and Ferroelectric Memory for Space Flight Systems SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Radiation-hardened electronics; satellite; FRAM; ferroelectric memory AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is developing high-tolerance, radiation-hardened electronics for missions in and beyond Low Earth orbit. Ferroelectric-based electronics are highly viable candidates for these electronics because of their inherent radiation-hardened property. Since standard memory devices are prone to damage caused by radiation, ferroelectric memory may provide the needed radiation-tolerance. To test the effectiveness of ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) in Low Earth orbit, a 512 K Ramtron FRAM will be flown on a Low Earth orbit satellite that will be launched by NASA. This paper discusses the advantages of ferroelectric electronics and outlines the Low Earth orbit ferroelectric memory test experiment. C1 [Sayyah, Rana; Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Macleod, Todd C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ho, FD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM Ho@ece.uah.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2011 VL 413 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1080/00150193.2011.554145 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 880BG UT WOS:000299378500017 ER PT J AU Bi, HS Peterson, WT Lamb, J Casillas, E AF Bi, Hongsheng Peterson, William T. Lamb, Jesse Casillas, Edmundo TI Copepods and salmon: characterizing the spatial distribution of juvenile salmon along the Washington and Oregon coast, USA SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE copepods; generalized linear mixed models; habitat modeling; salmon; spatial distribution ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; MIXED MODELS; PACIFIC; CHINOOK; OCEAN; TSHAWYTSCHA; ZOOPLANKTON AB Yearling Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were sampled concurrently with physical variables (temperature, salinity, depth) and biological variables (chlorophyll a concentration and copepod abundance) along the Washington and Oregon coast in June 1998-2008. Copepod species were divided into four different groups based on their water-type affinities: cold neritic, subarctic oceanic, warm neritic, and warm oceanic. Generalized linear mixed models were used to quantify the relationship between the abundance of these four different copepod groups and the abundance of juvenile salmon. The relationships between juvenile salmon and different copepod groups were further validated using regression analysis of annual mean juvenile salmon abundance versus the mean abundance of the copepod groups. Yearling Chinook salmon abundance was negatively correlated with warm oceanic copepods, warm neritic copepods, and bottom depth, and positively correlated with cold neritic copepods, subarctic copepods, and chlorophyll a concentration. The selected habitat variables explained 67% of the variation in yearling Chinook abundance. Yearling coho salmon abundance was negatively correlated with warm oceanic copepods, warm neritic copepods, and bottom depth, and positively correlated with temperature. The selected habitat variables explained 40% of the variation in yearling coho abundance. Results suggest that copepod communities can be used to characterize spatio-temporal patterns of abundance of juvenile salmon, i.e., large-scale interannual variations in ocean conditions (warm versus cold years) and inshore-offshore (cross-shelf) gradients in the abundance of juvenile salmon can be characterized by differences in the abundance of copepod species with various water mass affinities. C1 [Bi, Hongsheng; Lamb, Jesse] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bi, Hongsheng] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomon, MD 20688 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bi, HS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM hbi@cbl.umces.edu RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012 FU NOAA/NSF [NA09NMF4720182]; U.S. GLOBEC program; Bonneville Power Administration FX This synthesis research was made possible by grant number NA09NMF4720182 from NOAA/NSF CAMEO program and support from U.S. GLOBEC program. This paper is contribution No. 6 from the CAMEO program. Data collection was funded by Bonneville Power Administration. We thank the many people who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data: Susan Hinton, Cheryl Morgan, Cindy Bucher, Brian Beckman, Elizabeth Daly, Jen Zamon, Troy Guy, and Laurie Weitkamp. We are especially indebted to our database team: Cheryl Morgan, Cindy Bucher, and Susan Hinton. We thank Franz Mueter and Molly Sturdevant for their prompt and thorough reviews. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00573.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 719IJ UT WOS:000287198100004 ER PT J AU Coyle, KO Eisner, LB Mueter, FJ Pinchuk, AI Janout, MA Cieciel, KD Farley, EV Andrews, AG AF Coyle, K. O. Eisner, L. B. Mueter, F. J. Pinchuk, A. I. Janout, M. A. Cieciel, K. D. Farley, E. V. Andrews, A. G. TI Climate change in the southeastern Bering Sea: impacts on pollock stocks and implications for the oscillating control hypothesis SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate; fish; pollock; predation; zooplankton ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DAYTIME SURFACE SWARMS; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; INNER FRONT; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CARRYING-CAPACITY; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM AB Concern about impacts of climate change in the Bering Sea prompted several research programs to elucidate mechanistic links between climate and ecosystem responses. Following a detailed literature review, Hunt et al. (2011) (Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 2002, 5821) developed a conceptual framework, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), linking climate-related changes in physical oceanographic conditions to stock recruitment using walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) as a model. The OCH conceptual model treats zooplankton as a single box, with reduced zooplankton production during cold conditions, producing bottom-up control of apex predators and elevated zooplankton production during warm periods leading to top-down control by apex predators. A recent warming trend followed by rapid cooling on the Bering Sea shelf permitted testing of the OCH. During warm years (2003-06), euphausiid and Calanus marshallae populations declined, post-larval pollock diets shifted from a mixture of large zooplankton and small copepods to almost exclusively small copepods, and juvenile pollock dominated the diets of large predators. With cooling from 2006-09, populations of large zooplankton increased, post-larval pollock consumed greater proportions of C. marshallae and other large zooplankton, and juvenile pollock virtually disappeared from the diets of large pollock and salmon. These shifts in energy flow were accompanied by large declines in pollock stocks attributed to poor recruitment between 2001 and 2005. Observations presented here indicate the need for revision of the OCH to account for shifts in energy flow through differing food-web pathways due to warming and cooling on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. C1 [Coyle, K. O.; Mueter, F. J.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eisner, L. B.; Janout, M. A.; Cieciel, K. D.; Farley, E. V.; Andrews, A. G.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Pinchuk, A. I.] Univ Alaska, Seward Marine Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Coyle, KO (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM coyle@ims.uaf.edu FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; North Pacific Research Board; NOAA; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Science Foundation [ARC-0816805] FX Many thanks to NOAA/AFSC BASIS program scientists Mary Courtney, Angela Feldman, Jeanette Gann, Erik Husoe, Jennifer Lanksbury, Jamal Moss, Jim Murphy, John Pohl and Ellen Martinson for oceanographic and fisheries data collection, lab analysis and database management. We particularly acknowledge Russian TINRO scientists Natalia Kusnetsova, Oleg Ivanov and Anatoly Volkov for their dedicated efforts with fish sorting, zooplankton Juday sampling and fish diet analysis. Zooplankton sample processing at University of Alaska was done by Elizabeth Stockman and Chris Stark. George Hunt provided useful commentary and suggestions on the manuscript; he is currently working on revision of the OCH in response to the observations outlined in this paper. We are grateful for assistance with survey efforts from many other enthusiastic scientists and volunteers. We thank the dedicated crews of the F/V Sea Storm, F/V NW Explorer, and R/V Oscar Dyson for the many successful BASIS cruises. BEST-BSIERP research was conducted on the USCGC Healy with technical support from the captain, crew and UNOLS technicians. BASIS efforts were funded by Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, North Pacific Research Board, NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) and National Marine Fisheries Service. BEST-BSIERP efforts were funded by National Science Foundation award number ARC-0816805. Mooring data was supplied courtesy of Phyllis Stabeno, Pacific Marine Environmental Lab. This is BEST-BSIERP publication no. 9. NR 79 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00574.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 719IJ UT WOS:000287198100005 ER PT S AU Giannakopoulou, D Pasareanu, CS AF Giannakopoulou, Dimitra Pasareanu, Corina S. BE Bernardo, M Issarny, V TI Context Synthesis SO FORMAL METHODS FOR ETERNAL NETWORKED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS, SFM 2011 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication and Software Systems (SFM) CY JUN 13-18, 2011 CL Bertinoro, ITALY ID COMPOSITIONAL VERIFICATION; LEARNING ASSUMPTIONS; L-ASTERISK; GENERATION AB With the advent of component-based and distributed software development, service-oriented computing, and other such concepts, components are no longer viewed as parts of specific systems, but rather as open systems that can be reused, or connected dynamically, in a variety of environments to form larger systems. Reasoning about components as open systems is different from reasoning about closed systems, since property satisfaction may depend on the context in which a component may be introduced. Component interfaces are an important feature of open sytems, since interfaces summarize the expectations that a component has from the contexts in which it gets introduced. Traditionally, component interfaces have been of a purely syntactic form, including information about the services/methods that can be invoked on the component, and their signatures, meaning the numbers and types of arguments and their return values. However, there is a recognized need for richer interfaces that capture additional aspects of a component. For example, interfaces may characterize legal sequences of invocations to component services. Generating compact and yet useful component interfaces is a challenging task to perform manually. Over the last decade, several approaches have been developed for performing context synthesis, i.e., generating component interfaces automatically. This tutorial mostly reviews such techniques developed by the authors, but also discusses alternative techniques for context synthesis. C1 [Pasareanu, Corina S.] Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Giannakopoulou, Dimitra] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Giannakopoulou, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; corina.s.pasareanu@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21455-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6659 BP 191 EP 216 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG8AL UT WOS:000392142900006 ER PT S AU Chen, YJ Birnbaum, KM Hemmati, H AF Chen, Yijiang Birnbaum, Kevin M. Hemmati, Hamid BE Hemmati, H TI Field demonstrations of active laser ranging with sub-mm precision SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE precision laser ranging; laser ranging; laser communications ID SUPERNOVAE AB Precision ranging between planets will provide valuable information for scientific studies of the solar system and fundamental physics. Current passive ranging techniques using retro-reflectors are limited to the Earth-Moon distance due to 1/R(4) losses. We report on a laboratory realization and field implementation of active laser ranging in real-time with two terminals, emulating interplanetary distances. Sub-millimeter accuracy is demonstrated. C1 [Chen, Yijiang; Birnbaum, Kevin M.; Hemmati, Hamid] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8460-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7923 AR 79230S DI 10.1117/12.875799 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC55 UT WOS:000297975300023 ER PT S AU Hemmati, H Farr, WH Biswas, A Birnbaum, KM Roberts, WT Quirk, K Townes, S AF Hemmati, H. Farr, W. H. Biswas, A. Birnbaum, K. M. Roberts, W. T. Quirk, K. Townes, S. BE Hemmati, H TI Deep-space Optical Terminals (DOT) SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB A conceptual design study titled Deep-space Optical Terminals was recently completed for an optical communication technology demonstration from Mars in the 2018 time frame. We report on engineering trades for the entire system, and for individual subsystems including the flight terminal, the ground receiver and the ground transmitter. A point design is described to meet the requirement for greater than 0.25 Gb/s downlink from the nearest distance to Mars of 0.42 AU with a maximum mass and power allocation of 40 kg and 110 W. Furthermore, the concept design addresses link closure at the farthest Mars range of 2.7 AU. Maximum uplink data-rate of 0.3 Mb/s and ranging with 30 cm precision are also addressed. C1 [Hemmati, H.; Farr, W. H.; Biswas, A.; Birnbaum, K. M.; Roberts, W. T.; Quirk, K.; Townes, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hemmati, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8460-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7923 AR 79230C DI 10.1117/12.878930 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC55 UT WOS:000297975300010 ER PT S AU Sburlan, SE Birnbaum, KM Farr, WH AF Sburlan, S. E. Birnbaum, K. M. Farr, W. H. BE Hemmati, H TI Deep space uplink receiver prototype for optical communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Centroiding; Geiger mode detector; deep space optical communication; Gaussian beam; receiver; microlens array; laser; pixel; field of view; prototype AB A hardware prototype of a flight receiver for deep space optical communications has been developed where a single detector array is used for acquisition, tracking, and high-speed data recovery. A counting algorithm accumulates pulses on every pixel in a photon-counting array and extracts signal information encoded with a nested modulation scheme. C1 [Sburlan, S. E.; Birnbaum, K. M.; Farr, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sburlan, SE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8460-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7923 AR 79230K DI 10.1117/12.877206 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC55 UT WOS:000297975300015 ER PT S AU Mahabal, AA Djorgovski, SG Donalek, C Drake, AJ Graham, MJ Williams, RD Moghaddam, B Turmon, M AF Mahabal, A. A. Djorgovski, S. G. Donalek, C. Drake, A. J. Graham, M. J. Williams, R. D. Moghaddam, B. Turmon, M. BE Turon, C Meynadier, F Arenou, F TI CLASSIFICATION OF OPTICAL TRANSIENTS: EXPERIENCES FROM PQ AND CRTS SURVEYS SO GAIA: AT THE FRONTIERS OF ASTROMETRY SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gaia at the Frontiers of Astrometry CY JUN 07-11, 2010 CL Sevres, FRANCE SP Observatoire Paris, ESA, CNES AB Synoptic sky surveys are opening up exciting opportunities in time domain astronomy. Gala will make a great contribution to this field. A crucial factor for good scientific returns is real-time classification of transients, in order to optimize their follow-up. We have been developing infrastructure towards this end starting from the completed Palomar-Quest (PQ) survey, and the ongoing Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS). CRTS has been consistently producing transients for almost three years now. We describe here the efforts related to transient classification and event dissemination. Many of the technologies and methodologies we are developing may benefit Gala. C1 [Mahabal, A. A.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Donalek, C.; Drake, A. J.; Graham, M. J.; Williams, R. D.] CALTECH, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moghaddam, B.; Turmon, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mahabal, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0608-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2011 VL 45 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1045030 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUG58 UT WOS:000289226200030 ER PT S AU Bourda, G Charlot, P Jacobs, CS AF Bourda, G. Charlot, P. Jacobs, C. S. BE Turon, C Meynadier, F Arenou, F TI FUTURE RADIO REFERENCE FRAMES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GAIA LINK SO GAIA: AT THE FRONTIERS OF ASTROMETRY SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gaia at the Frontiers of Astrometry CY JUN 07-11, 2010 CL Sevres, FRANCE SP Observatoire Paris, ESA, CNES ID CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY AB Since January 1st, 2010, the IAU (International Astronomical Union) fundamental celestial reference frame has been the 2nd International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRIF2), which is composed of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) positions for more than 3000 extragalactic radio sources. This frame is constantly improving through joint efforts of the VLBI community. By surveying the whole sky up to magnitude 20, the European space astrometric mission Gaia will soon create its own celestial reference frame directly in the optical domain and with many more sources. By 2015-2020, the two frames will thus cohabit and it will be important to align these to the highest accuracy for consistency between optical and radio positions. In this paper, we present the various observational approaches that are undertaken to improve the VLBI frame in the future. These include extension to weaker sources for densification, extension to higher radio frequencies to take advantage of the more compact morphology of the sources at these frequencies, and further observations in the southern hemisphere for homogeneous sky coverage. We also elaborate on how such future radio frames should contribute to highly-precise alignment between the VLBI and Gaia frames within the next decade. C1 [Bourda, G.; Charlot, P.] Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5804, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Jacobs, C. S.] NASA, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 94043 USA. RP Bourda, G (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5804, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0608-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2011 VL 45 BP 377 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1045063 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUG58 UT WOS:000289226200063 ER PT S AU Piro, L den Herder, JW Ohashi, T Hartmann, DH Kouveliotou, C AF Piro, L. den Herder, J. W. Ohashi, T. Hartmann, D. H. Kouveliotou, C. CA ORIGIN Team BE McEnery, JE Racusin, JL Gehrels, N TI ORIGIN: Metal Creation and Evolution From The Cosmic Dawn SO GAMMA RAY BURSTS 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Gamma Ray Bursts CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD DE Cosmology; Gamma-Ray Burst; First stars; Large Scale Structure ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB ORIGIN is a mission designed to use Gamma-Ray Bursts as a unique probe to study the cosmic history of baryons and the metal enrichment from the first stars up to the present Universe. Reconstructing the cosmic history of metals, from the first population of stars to the processes involved in the formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, is a key observational challenge. Observing any single star in the early Universe is in fact beyond the reach of presently planned mission. By measuring GRB redshifts and abundances in the circumburst medium deep into the era of re-ionization (z>6), ORIGIN will discover when star formation started and how it evolved into the present day structures. ORIGIN will collect 400 GRBs per year covering the full redshift distribution. About twice per month a GRB from the re-ionization era will trigger the instruments. The resulting multi-element abundance patterns derived from high resolution X-ray and IR observations will map the evolving chemical composition of the early Universe, "fingerprint" the elusive PopIII stars, and constrain the shape of the Initial Mass Function (IMF) of the first stars. While not observing GRB afterglows, ORIGIN will map element abundances in local structures (z<2) by determining the properties of the hot IGM in clusters and groups of galaxies and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). In this paper we focus on the use of GRB to track the earliest star populations. C1 [Piro, L.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [den Herder, J. W.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, I-3584 Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ohashi, T.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Hartmann, D. H.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Piro, L (reprint author), INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013 OI PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0916-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1358 DI 10.1063/1.3621820 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BZU09 UT WOS:000302963100095 ER PT J AU Wierzchos, J Camara, B De Los Rios, A Davila, AF Almazo, IMS Artieda, O Wierzchos, K Gomez-Silva, B Mckay, C Ascaso, C AF Wierzchos, J. Camara, B. De Los Rios, A. Davila, A. F. Sanchez Almazo, I. M. Artieda, O. Wierzchos, K. Gomez-Silva, B. McKay, C. Ascaso, C. TI Microbial colonization of Ca-sulfate crusts in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert: implications for the search for life on Mars SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; WATER RELATIONS; LIGHT PENETRATION; NEGEV-DESERT; GYPSUM CRUST; MARTIAN LIFE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COMMUNITY; LICHENS AB The scarcity of liquid water in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert makes this region one of the most challenging environments for life on Earth. The low numbers of microbial cells in the soils suggest that within the Atacama Desert lies the dry limit for life on our planet. Here, we show that the Ca-sulfate crusts of this hyperarid core are the habitats of lithobiontic micro-organisms. This microporous, translucent substrate is colonized by epilithic lichens, as well as endolithic free-living algae, fungal hyphae, cyanobacteria and non photosynthetic bacteria. We also report a novel type of endolithic community, "hypoendoliths", colonizing the undermost layer of the crusts. The colonization of gypsum crusts within the hyperarid core appears to be controlled by the moisture regime. Our data shows that the threshold for colonization is crossed within the dry core, with abundant colonization in gypsum crusts at one study site, while crusts at a drier site are virtually devoid of life. We show that the cumulative time in 1 year of relative humidity (RH) above 60% is the best parameter to explain the difference in colonization between both sites. This is supported by controlled humidity experiments, where we show that colonies of endolithic cyanobacteria in the Ca-sulfate crust undergo imbibition process at RH > 60%. Assuming that life once arose on Mars, it is conceivable that Martian micro-organisms sought refuge in similar isolated evaporite microenvironments during their last struggle for life as their planet turned arid. C1 [Wierzchos, J.; Camara, B.; De Los Rios, A.; Ascaso, C.] CSIC, CCMA, Inst Recursos Nat, Dept Ecol Sistemas, Madrid, Spain. [Davila, A. F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Sanchez Almazo, I. M.] Univ Granada, CEAMA, Granada, Spain. [Artieda, O.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Biol Vegetal Ecol & Ciencias Tierra, Plasencia, Spain. [Wierzchos, K.] Univ Complutense, Fac Fis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Silva, B.] Univ Antofagasta, Unidad Bioquim, Antofagasta, Chile. [McKay, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Planetary & Space Sci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wierzchos, J (reprint author), CSIC, CCMA, Inst Recursos Nat, Dept Ecol Sistemas, Madrid, Spain. EM j.wierzchos@ccma.csic.es RI Wierzchos, Jacek/F-7036-2011; Ascaso, Carmen/F-5369-2011; Davila, Alfonso/A-2198-2013; de los Rios, Asuncion/L-3694-2014; Camara Gallego, Beatriz/H-6407-2015 OI Wierzchos, Jacek/0000-0003-3084-3837; Ascaso, Carmen/0000-0001-9665-193X; Davila, Alfonso/0000-0002-0977-9909; de los Rios, Asuncion/0000-0002-0266-3516; Camara Gallego, Beatriz/0000-0003-4945-3134 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2006-05027/BTE, CGL2007-62875/BOS, CTM2009-12838-CO4-CO3]; CSIC (Spanish Research Council) [PIE-631A]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [BES-2007-15145] FX The authors would like to thank F. Pinto, T. Carnota and D. Herera for technical assistance, A. Burton for reviewing the English and F. X. G. Coloma for the SIM-ApoTome images. This work was supported by grants CGL2006-05027/BTE, CGL2007-62875/BOS y CTM2009-12838-CO4-CO3 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and grant PIE-631A from the CSIC (Spanish Research Council) and by a predoctoral fellowship (FPI program, BES-2007-15145) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. NR 69 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 44 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00254.x PG 17 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 693TI UT WOS:000285247900006 PM 20726901 ER PT J AU Mulac, BL AF Mulac, Brenda L. TI Remote sensing applications of unmanned aircraft: challenges to flight in United States airspace SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE UAS; unmanned aircraft; airspace; remote sensing AB The capabilities of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have improved dramatically in the past 5 years, and as a result UAS have become increasingly popular among scientists. Missions that require long dwell times and/or are in locations generally too dangerous for manned aircraft are particularly suited to UAS, and scientists are looking more and more to UAS to perform these types of remote sensing missions. Sea ice characterization, mapping of fault lines, hurricane monitoring and satellite calibration/validation (cal/val) are some examples of applications that benefit from the use of UAS. Operations involving UAS have unique challenges compared to manned aircraft. For example, most instruments must be automated and miniaturized. One of the greatest challenges, however, is gaining access to the United States national airspace system (NAS). Currently, access is only granted to government agencies and universities through a certificate of authorization (COA) process. This article will provide a general view of UAS, US NAS, and the COA process. The challenges to flying UAS in the NAS will then be discussed. Finally, example missions will be described in detail with special attention to the specific challenges inherent to the operation. C1 NASA, Airborne Sci Program, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Mulac, BL (reprint author), NASA, Airborne Sci Program, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. EM brenda.l.mulac@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.537786 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27RT UT WOS:000208631000002 ER PT J AU Ambrosia, VG Wegener, S Zajkowski, T Sullivan, DV Buechel, S Enomoto, F Lobitz, B Johan, S Brass, J Hinkley, E AF Ambrosia, V. G. Wegener, S. Zajkowski, T. Sullivan, D. V. Buechel, S. Enomoto, F. Lobitz, B. Johan, S. Brass, J. Hinkley, E. TI The Ikhana unmanned airborne system (UAS) western states fire imaging missions: from concept to reality (2006-2010) SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE UAS/UAV; Ikhana; wildfire; CDE; thermal-infrared AB Between 2006 and 2010, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the US Forest Service flew 14 unmanned airborne system (UAS) sensor missions, over 57 fires in the western US. The missions demonstrated the capabilities of a UAS platform (NASA Ikhana UAS), a multispectral sensor (autonomous modular sensor (AMS)), onboard processing and data visualization (Wildfire Collaborative Decision Environment (W-CDE)), to provide fire intelligence to management teams. Autonomous, on-board processing of the AMS sensor data allowed real-time fire product delivery to incident management teams on the wildfire events. The fire products included geo-rectified, colour-composite quick-look imagery, fire detection shape files, post-fire real-time normalized burn ratio imagery and burn area emergency response (BAER) imagery. The W-CDE was developed to allow the ingestion and visualization of AMS data and other pertinent fire-related information layers. This article highlights the technologies developed and employed, the UAS wildfire imaging missions performed and the outcomes and findings of the multi-year efforts. C1 [Ambrosia, V. G.; Lobitz, B.] Calif State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Wegener, S.; Buechel, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zajkowski, T.] RedCastle Resources Inc, US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr RSAC, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Sullivan, D. V.; Enomoto, F.; Johan, S.; Brass, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hinkley, E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ambrosia, VG (reprint author), Calif State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM vincent.g.ambrosia@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [REASoN-0109-0172, NNX09AW28A] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through grants (REASoN-0109-0172 and ARRA grant No. NNX09AW28A) awarded to support this work. They are also grateful for the support of: S. Ambrose (NASA), T. Fryberger (NASA), B. Cobleigh (NASA), T. Rigney (NASA), M. Rivas (NASA), G. Buoni (NASA), K. Howell, J. Myers (UCSC), T. Hildum (UCSC), M. Cooper (GA-ASI) and S. Schoenung (BAERI). They also acknowledge the wildfire management community members who engaged them in defining observation criteria and metrics that allowed the authors to help improve their wildfire/disaster mitigation capabilities. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.539302 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27RT UT WOS:000208631000003 ER PT J AU Fladeland, M Sumich, M Lobitz, B Kolyer, R Herlth, D Berthold, R McKinnon, D Monforton, L Brass, J Bland, G AF Fladeland, Matt Sumich, Mark Lobitz, Brad Kolyer, Rick Herlth, Don Berthold, Randy McKinnon, Doug Monforton, Lesli Brass, Jim Bland, Geoff TI The NASA SIERRA science demonstration programme and the role of small-medium unmanned aircraft for earth science investigations SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; UAV; airborne science; sea ice; earth science AB Earth scientists use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enable measurements and observations that cannot be collected by manned aircraft such as the ER-2, DC-8 or B-200. Science community interest in UAVs to date has largely been focused on the larger class of UAV such as the Global Hawk and Predator, because of the large mass of legacy airborne science instruments. With the continued miniaturization of instruments and data systems and the rapid pace of development of all classes of UAV world-wide during the past decade, smaller classes of UAV are now capable of providing important science measurements and observations. Small ( < 550 lbs GTOW) and medium-class UAV ( > 500 lbs GTOW) complement the larger platforms by enabling in situ measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer with low-altitude remote sensing or air sampling, while providing a relatively low cost platform for storm penetration and dangerous, remote missions where the system may not return. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sensor Integrated Environmental Remote Research Aircraft (SIERRA) project at the Ames Research Center (ARC) has demonstrated the utility of a medium class unmanned aircraft for providing science measurements in remote and dangerous environments using active, passive and in situ earth science instrument payloads. This article describes the SIERRA project, details past and future missions, and discusses the primary requirements for small and medium class UAV. C1 [Fladeland, Matt; Sumich, Mark; Kolyer, Rick; Herlth, Don; Berthold, Randy; Brass, Jim] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lobitz, Brad] Calif State Univ, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA USA. [McKinnon, Doug] CL 3 Commun Vertex, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bland, Geoff] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops, VA USA. RP Fladeland, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM matthew.fladeland@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNA10DE11C, NNA07CN16A, NNX09AN29A] FX The contribution to the work authored by McKinnon, Lobitz and Monforton was authored as part of the Contributors' contract NNA10DE11C, NNA07CN16A, and NNX09AN29A respectively and is published by permission of NASA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.537375 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27RT UT WOS:000208631000008 ER PT J AU Kuang, WJ Tangborn, A AF Kuang, Weijia Tangborn, Andrew BE Mandea, M Korte, M TI Interpretation of Core Field Models SO GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEOMAGNETIC SECULAR VARIATION; EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; SATELLITE DATA; TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SURFACE FLOWS; DIPOLE-MOMENT; MHD SYSTEM; MANTLE; GEODYNAMO AB In this chapter we review several recent research results on the observed geomagnetic secular variation and secular acceleration, the core flow models inferred from these observations, and their implications, in particular those of the torsional oscillations, on short period secular variation and on the dynamical properties inside the core. We also provide a comprehensive review on the recent development in geomagnetic data assimilation, and its applications to predict future secular variation. Most of the reviewed research results are either reported in IAGA General Assembly in Soporan in 2009, or in the period between this and the previous IAGA conference. C1 [Kuang, Weijia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tangborn, Andrew] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Kuang, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Weijia.Kuang-1@nasa.gov; tangborn@umbc.edu OI Korte, Monika/0000-0003-2970-9075 NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-9858-0 J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON PY 2011 VL 5 BP 295 EP 309 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0_12 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BGB68 UT WOS:000322204900012 ER PT B AU Purucker, ME Clark, DA AF Purucker, Michael E. Clark, David A. BE Mandea, M Korte, M TI Mapping and Interpretation of the Lithospheric Magnetic Field SO GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FORE-ARC MANTLE; VREDEFORT IMPACT CRATER; CURIE-POINT DEPTHS; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; SQUID GRADIOMETER; THERMAL STRUCTURE; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; ORE-DEPOSITS; GRAVITY-DATA AB We review some of the controversial and exciting interpretations of the magnetic field of the earth's lithosphere occurring in the four year period ending with the IAGA meeting in Sopron in 2009. This period corresponds to the end of the Decade of Geopotential Research, an international effort to promote and coordinate a continuous monitoring of geopotential field variability in the near-Earth environment. One of the products of this effort has been the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map, the first edition of which was released in 2007. A second, improved, edition is planned for 2011. Interpretations of the lithospheric magnetic field that bear on impacts, tectonics, resource exploration, and lower crustal processes are reviewed. Future interpretations of the lithospheric field will be enhanced through a better understanding of the processes that create, destroy, and alter magnetic minerals, and via routine measurements of the magnetic field gradient. C1 [Purucker, Michael E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Clark, David A.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. RP Purucker, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.e.purucker@nasa.gov; david.clark@csiro.au NR 144 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-9858-0; 978-90-481-9857-3 J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON PY 2011 VL 5 BP 311 EP 337 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BGB68 UT WOS:000322204900013 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GA Jungclaus, JH Ammann, CM Bard, E Braconnot, P Crowley, TJ Delaygue, G Joos, F Krivova, NA Muscheler, R Otto-Bliesner, BL Pongratz, J Shindell, DT Solanki, SK Steinhilber, F Vieira, LEA AF Schmidt, G. A. Jungclaus, J. H. Ammann, C. M. Bard, E. Braconnot, P. Crowley, T. J. Delaygue, G. Joos, F. Krivova, N. A. Muscheler, R. Otto-Bliesner, B. L. Pongratz, J. Shindell, D. T. Solanki, S. K. Steinhilber, F. Vieira, L. E. A. TI Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the last millennium (v1.0) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CYCLES 21-23; ICE CORE; BE-10; VARIABILITY; TREND; INDEX AB Simulations of climate over the Last Millennium (850-1850 CE) have been incorporated into the third phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3). The drivers of climate over this period are chiefly orbital, solar, volcanic, changes in land use/land cover and some variation in greenhouse gas levels. While some of these effects can be easily defined, the reconstructions of solar, volcanic and land use-related forcing are more uncertain. We describe here the approach taken in defining the scenarios used in PMIP3, document the forcing reconstructions and discuss likely implications. C1 [Schmidt, G. A.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Schmidt, G. A.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Jungclaus, J. H.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Ammann, C. M.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bard, E.] Univ Aix Marseille 3, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD,Coll France, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. [Braconnot, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Crowley, T. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Delaygue, G.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, St Martin Dheres, France. [Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Krivova, N. A.; Solanki, S. K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Muscheler, R.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Pongratz, J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Solanki, S. K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Steinhilber, F.] EAWAG, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Vieira, L. E. A.] Univ Orleans, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Vieira, L. E. A.] Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Schmidt, GA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM gschmidt@giss.nasa.gov RI Steinhilber, Friedhelm/D-3433-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Vieira, Luis Eduardo/A-5548-2008; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Bard, Edouard/G-7717-2014 OI Vieira, Luis Eduardo/0000-0002-9376-475X; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; NR 92 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-33-2011 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 742AO UT WOS:000288910700003 ER PT J AU Singh, K Jardak, M Sandu, A Bowman, K Lee, M Jones, D AF Singh, K. Jardak, M. Sandu, A. Bowman, K. Lee, M. Jones, D. TI Construction of non-diagonal background error covariance matrices for global chemical data assimilation SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CHEMISTRY DATA ASSIMILATION; 4D-VAR DATA ASSIMILATION; AIR-QUALITY; GEOS-CHEM; KALMAN FILTER; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; PROFILE RETRIEVALS AB Chemical data assimilation attempts to optimally use noisy observations along with imperfect model predictions to produce a better estimate of the chemical state of the atmosphere. It is widely accepted that a key ingredient for successful data assimilation is a realistic estimation of the background error distribution. Particularly important is the specification of the background error covariance matrix, which contains information about the magnitude of the background errors and about their correlations. As models evolve toward finer resolutions, the use of diagonal background covariance matrices is increasingly inaccurate, as they captures less of the spatial error correlations. This paper discusses an efficient computational procedure for constructing non-diagonal background error covariance matrices which account for the spatial correlations of errors. The correlation length scales are specified by the user; a correct choice of correlation lengths is important for a good performance of the data assimilation system. The benefits of using the non-diagonal covariance matrices for variational data assimilation with chemical transport models are illustrated. C1 [Singh, K.; Jardak, M.; Sandu, A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Bowman, K.; Lee, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jones, D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Jardak, M.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Sandu, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 2202 Kraft Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM sandu@cs.vt.edu RI Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Singh, Kumaresh/P-4857-2016; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; FU NASA FX This work has been supported by NASA through the ROSES-2005 AIST project. The authors would like to thank Mark Parrington and Paul Hamer for providing processed TES data and for their help with the data visualization script. NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 299 EP 316 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-299-2011 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 781NF UT WOS:000291939100005 ER PT J AU Aquila, V Hendricks, J Lauer, A Riemer, N Vogel, H Baumgardner, D Minikin, A Petzold, A Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Weinzierl, B Righi, M Dall'Amico, M AF Aquila, V. Hendricks, J. Lauer, A. Riemer, N. Vogel, H. Baumgardner, D. Minikin, A. Petzold, A. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Weinzierl, B. Righi, M. Dall'Amico, M. TI MADE-in: a new aerosol microphysics submodel for global simulation of insoluble particles and their mixing state SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION; BLACK CARBON PARTICLES; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; TECHNICAL NOTE; SYSTEM MESSY; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CONSISTENT SIMULATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOFTWARE PACKAGE AB Black carbon (BC) and mineral dust are among the most abundant insoluble aerosol components in the atmosphere. When released, most BC and dust particles are externally mixed with other aerosol species. Through coagulation with particles containing soluble material and condensation of gases, the externally mixed particles may obtain a liquid coating and be transferred into an internal mixture. The mixing state of BC and dust aerosol particles influences their radiative and hygroscopic properties, as well as their ability of forming ice crystals. We introduce the new aerosol microphysics submodel MADE-in, implemented within the ECHAM/ MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry global model (EMAC). MADE-in is able to track mass and number concentrations of BC and dust particles in their different mixing states, as well as particles free of BC and dust. MADE-in describes these three classes of particles through a superposition of seven log-normally distributed modes, and predicts the evolution of their size distribution and chemical composition. Six out of the seven modes are mutually interacting, allowing for the transfer of mass and number among them. Separate modes for the different mixing states of BC and dust particles in EMAC/MADE-in allow for explicit simulations of the relevant aging processes, i.e. condensation, coagulation and cloud processing. EMAC/ MADE-in has been evaluated with surface and airborne measurements and mostly performs well both in the planetary boundary layer and in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. C1 [Aquila, V.; Hendricks, J.; Minikin, A.; Petzold, A.; Weinzierl, B.; Righi, M.; Dall'Amico, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Lauer, A.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Riemer, N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Vogel, H.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Aquila, V (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM valentina.aquila@nasa.gov RI Minikin, Andreas/A-3904-2011; Aquila, Valentina/D-7267-2012; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Vogel, Heike/A-3196-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Weinzierl, Bernadett/G-5319-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Minikin, Andreas/0000-0003-0999-4657; Aquila, Valentina/0000-0003-2060-6694; Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Weinzierl, Bernadett/0000-0003-4555-5686; FU DLR; HGF Virtual Institute Aerosol-Cloud-Interactions (VI-ACI) FX We thank the whole MESSy-Team for the development of EMAC, H. Tost for support with SCAV, P. Jockel for support with EMAC and for helpful comments on the manuscript and V. Grewe, A. Stenke, B. Karcher and R. Sausen for valuable discussions. We thank N. Huneeus, J. Prospero, A. Clarke and V. Capustin for providing aerosol measurements. We thank the reviewers of the manuscript who helped to identify areas needing improvement. We kindly acknowledge the provision of MADE by the University of Cologne, Germany (RIU/EURAD project). We also wish to thank the executives of the IMPROVE programme for making their measurement data available to the public on the Internet. This work was supported by the DLR Project Climate-compatible Air Transport System (CATS) and the HGF Virtual Institute Aerosol-Cloud-Interactions (VI-ACI). All simulations were performed at the Leibniz Rechnenzentrum, Garching, Germany. NR 127 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 325 EP 355 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-325-2011 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 781NF UT WOS:000291939100007 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Foley, KM Bash, JO Pinder, RW Dennis, RL Allen, DJ Pickering, K AF Appel, K. W. Foley, K. M. Bash, J. O. Pinder, R. W. Dennis, R. L. Allen, D. J. Pickering, K. TI A multi-resolution assessment of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v4.7 wet deposition estimates for 2002-2006 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; EMISSION INVENTORY; PART II; SYSTEM; OZONE; FLUX AB This paper examines the operational performance of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations for 2002-2006 using both 36-km and 12-km horizontal grid spacing, with a primary focus on the performance of the CMAQ model in predicting wet deposition of sulfate (SO(4)(=)), ammonium (NH(4)(+)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)). Performance of the wet deposition estimates from the model is determined by comparing CMAQ predicted concentrations to concentrations measured by the National Acid Deposition Program (NADP), specifically the National Trends Network (NTN). For SO(4)(=) wet deposition, the CMAQ model estimates were generally comparable between the 36-km and 12-km simulations for the eastern US, with the 12-km simulation giving slightly higher estimates of SO(4)(=) wet deposition than the 36-km simulation on average. The result is a slightly larger normalized mean bias (NMB) for the 12-km simulation; however both simulations had annual biases that were less than +/- 15% for each of the five years. The model estimated SO(4)(=) wet deposition values improved when they were adjusted to account for biases in the model estimated precipitation. The CMAQ model underestimates NH(4)(+) wet deposition over the eastern US, with a slightly larger underestimation in the 36-km simulation. The largest underestimations occur in the winter and spring periods, while the summer and fall have slightly smaller underestimations of NH(4)(+) wet deposition. The underestimation in NH(4)(+) wet deposition is likely due in part to the poor temporal and spatial representation of ammonia (NH(3)) emissions, particularly those emissions associated with fertilizer applications and NH(3) bidirectional exchange. The model performance for estimates of NO(3)(-) wet deposition are mixed throughout the year, with the model largely underestimating NO(3)(-) wet deposition in the spring and summer in the eastern US, while the model has a relatively small bias in the fall and winter. Model estimates of NO(3)(-) wet deposition tend to be slightly lower for the 36-km simulation as compared to the 12-km simulation, particularly in the spring. The underestimation of NO(3)(-) wet deposition in the spring and summer is due in part to a lack of lightning generated NO emissions in the upper troposphere, which can be a large source of NO in the spring and summer when lightning activity is the high. CMAQ model simulations that include production of NO from lightning show a significant improvement in the NO(3)(-) wet deposition estimates in the eastern US in the summer. Overall, performance for the 36-km and 12-km CMAQ model simulations is similar for the eastern US, while for the western US the performance of the 36-km simulation is generally not as good as either eastern US simulation, which is not entire unexpected given the complex topography in the western US. C1 [Appel, K. W.; Foley, K. M.; Bash, J. O.; Pinder, R. W.; Dennis, R. L.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Allen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, K.] NASA Goddard, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Appel, KW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM appel.wyat@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010; OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669; Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-357-2011 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 781NF UT WOS:000291939100008 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM Stoll, DK Dolan, AM Lunt, DJ Otto-Bliesner, B Chandler, MA AF Haywood, A. M. Dowsett, H. J. Robinson, M. M. Stoll, D. K. Dolan, A. M. Lunt, D. J. Otto-Bliesner, B. Chandler, M. A. TI Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PMIP2 COUPLED SIMULATIONS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MIDHOLOCENE AB The Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project has expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29 to 2.97 million yr ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and together compose the initial phase of PlioMIP. The first (Experiment 1) is being performed with atmosphere-only climate models. The second (Experiment 2) utilises fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Following on from the publication of the experimental design and boundary conditions for Experiment 1 in Geoscientific Model Development, this paper provides the necessary description of differences and/or additions to the experimental design for Experiment 2. C1 [Haywood, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, H. J.; Robinson, M. M.; Stoll, D. K.; Dolan, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Otto-Bliesner, B.] CGD NCAR, CCR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chandler, M. A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Chandler, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan, Aisling/D-2625-2012 OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; FU USGS Office of Global Change; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G009112/1]; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council (ERC) [StG 278636] FX This work is a product of the US Geological Survey PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) Project and the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), which is part of the international Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). HD and MR thank the USGS Office of Global Change for their support. AH and DL acknowledge the UK Natural Environment Research Council for funding the UK contribution to PlioMIP (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). AH acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for their support through the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize as well as the European Research Council for the provision of a Starting Grant (ERC StG 278636: Plio-ESS). NR 18 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 826UD UT WOS:000295379500002 ER PT J AU Wiedinmyer, C Akagi, SK Yokelson, RJ Emmons, LK Al-Saadi, JA Orlando, JJ Soja, AJ AF Wiedinmyer, C. Akagi, S. K. Yokelson, R. J. Emmons, L. K. Al-Saadi, J. A. Orlando, J. J. Soja, A. J. TI The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BURNED-AREA; AIR-QUALITY; CO SOURCES; PART 1; BIOMASS; MODIS; AEROSOLS; GASES; FORMALDEHYDE AB The Fire INventory from NCAR version 1.0 (FINNv1) provides daily, 1 km resolution, global estimates of the trace gas and particle emissions from open burning of biomass, which includes wildfire, agricultural fires, and prescribed burning and does not include biofuel use and trash burning. Emission factors used in the calculations have been updated with recent data, particularly for the non-methane organic compounds (NMOC). The resulting global annual NMOC emission estimates are as much as a factor of 5 greater than some prior estimates. Chemical speciation profiles, necessary to allocate the total NMOC emission estimates to lumped species for use by chemical transport models, are provided for three widely used chemical mechanisms: SAPRC99, GEOS-CHEM, and MOZART-4. Using these profiles, FINNv1 also provides global estimates of key organic compounds, including formaldehyde and methanol. Uncertainties in the emissions estimates arise from several of the method steps. The use of fire hot spots, assumed area burned, land cover maps, biomass consumption estimates, and emission factors all introduce error into the model estimates. The uncertainty in the FINNv1 emission estimates are about a factor of two; but, the global estimates agree reasonably well with other global inventories of biomass burning emissions for CO, CO2, and other species with less variable emission factors. FINNv1 emission estimates have been developed specifically for modeling atmospheric chemistry and air quality in a consistent framework at scales from local to global. The product is unique because of the high temporal and spatial resolution, global coverage, and the number of species estimated. FINNv1 can be used for both hindcast and forecast or near-real time model applications and the results are being critically evaluated with models and observations whenever possible. C1 [Wiedinmyer, C.; Emmons, L. K.; Orlando, J. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Soja, A. J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. RP Wiedinmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM christin@ucar.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The authors greatly thank Minnie Wong of the University of Maryland for the distribution of the MODIS fire count data. CW thanks Matthew Evans for assistance with the GEOS-Chem mechanism. The authors would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their valuable comments. NR 71 TC 276 Z9 277 U1 15 U2 101 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 625 EP 641 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 826UD UT WOS:000295379500006 ER PT J AU Michou, M Saint-Martin, D Teyssedre, H Alias, A Karcher, F Olivie, D Voldoire, A Josse, B Peuch, VH Clark, H Lee, JN Cheroux, F AF Michou, M. Saint-Martin, D. Teyssedre, H. Alias, A. Karcher, F. Olivie, D. Voldoire, A. Josse, B. Peuch, V. -H. Clark, H. Lee, J. N. Cheroux, F. TI A new version of the CNRM Chemistry-Climate Model, CNRM-CCM: description and improvements from the CCMVal-2 simulations SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SIMPLE PARAMETERIZATION; TRANSPORT MODEL; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SURFACE PROCESSES; TECHNICAL NOTE; SENSITIVITY; OZONE; FRANCE; TEMPERATURE AB This paper presents a new version of the Meteo-France CNRM Chemistry-Climate Model, so-called CNRM-CCM. It includes some fundamental changes from the previous version (CNRM-ACM) which was extensively evaluated in the context of the CCMVal-2 validation activity. The most notable changes concern the radiative code of the GCM, and the inclusion of the detailed stratospheric chemistry of our Chemistry-Transport model MOCAGE on-line within the GCM. A 47-yr transient simulation (1960-2006) is the basis of our analysis. CNRM-CCM generates satisfactory dynamical and chemical fields in the stratosphere. Several shortcomings of CNRM-ACM simulations for CCMVal-2 that resulted from an erroneous representation of the impact of volcanic aerosols as well as from transport deficiencies have been eliminated. Remaining problems concern the upper stratosphere (5 to 1 hPa) where temperatures are too high, and where there are biases in the NO2, N2O5 and O-3 mixing ratios. In contrast, temperatures at the tropical tropopause are too cold. These issues are addressed through the implementation of a more accurate radiation scheme at short wavelengths. Despite these problems we show that this new CNRM CCM is a useful tool to study chemistry-climate applications. C1 [Michou, M.; Saint-Martin, D.; Teyssedre, H.; Alias, A.; Karcher, F.; Olivie, D.; Voldoire, A.; Josse, B.; Peuch, V. -H.; Cheroux, F.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Clark, H.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Lee, J. N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Michou, M (reprint author), CNRS, GAME CNRM, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. EM martine.michou@meteo.fr RI Peuch, Vincent-Henri/A-7308-2008 FU French action "Les Enveloppes Fluides et l'Environnement" (LEFE) FX We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity (CCMVal) of the WCRP (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organising and coordinating the stratospheric model data analysis, and for providing the CCMVal Diagnostic Tool with which the figures of this article have been plotted. We particularly thank John Austin (AMTRAC3, NOAA GFDL, USA), Chris Fisher and Doug Kinnison (CAM3.5, NCAR, USA), Hideharu Akiyoshi, Yousuke Yamashita and Tetsu Nakamura (CCSRNIES, NIES, Japan), David Plummer and John Scinocca (CMAM, EC, University of Toronto, York Univ., Canada), Martin Dameris and Hella Garny (E39CA, DLR, Germany), Steven Pawson and Richard Stolarski (GEOSCCM, NASA/GSFC, USA), Slimane Bekki and Marion Marchand (LMDZrepro, IPSL, France), Kiyotaka Shibata (MRI, MRI, Japan), Eugene Rozanov and Thomas Peter (SOCOL, PMOD/WRC and ETHZ, Switzerland), Eva Mancini and Giovanni Pitari (ULAQ, University of L'Aquila, Italy), John Austin and Greg Bodeker (UMETRAC, NIWA, NZ), Martyn Chipperfield, Sandip Dhomse and Wenshou Tian (UMSLIMCAT, University of Leeds, UK), Neal Butchart and Steven C. Hardiman (UMUKCA-METO, Met Office, UK), Peter Braesicke, Olaf Morgenstern, and John Pyle (UMUKCA-UCAM, University of Cambridge, UK), and Doug Kinnison, Andrew Gettelman, and Rolando Garcia (WACCM, NCAR, USA) for providing their results. We also acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. ECMWF ERA-Interim data used in this study have been provided by ECMWF. The CCMVal-2 jet results presented in Fig. 3 were kindly provided by Michael Sigmond of the University of Toronto, the ENVISAT/MIPAS and SCIAMACHY satellite observations that appear in Figs. 12 to 17 by Sandip Dhomse of the University of Leeds. We also would like to thank Greg Bodeker of Bodeker Scientific for providing the combined total column ozone database. This work was partly supported by the French action "Les Enveloppes Fluides et l'Environnement" (LEFE) within the context of the MISSTERRE project. The authors would also like to acknowledge three anonymous referees for insightful comments that helped clarify and complete the manuscript. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 873 EP 900 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-873-2011 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 866FQ UT WOS:000298366300002 ER PT J AU Llovel, W Becker, M Cazenave, A Jevrejeva, S Alkama, R Decharme, B Douville, H Ablain, M Beckley, B AF Llovel, W. Becker, M. Cazenave, A. Jevrejeva, S. Alkama, R. Decharme, B. Douville, H. Ablain, M. Beckley, B. TI Terrestrial waters and sea level variations on interannual time scale SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE land water storage; sea level variations; tide gauges; satellite altimetry ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CONTINENTAL WATER; CLIMATE; STORAGE; IMPACT; MODEL; GRACE; MASS; PARAMETERIZATION; TOPEX/POSEIDON AB On decadal to multidecadal time scales, thermal expansion of sea waters and land ice loss are the main contributors to sea level variations. However, modification of the terrestrial water cycle due to climate variability and direct anthropogenic forcing may also affect sea level. For the past decades, variations in land water storage and corresponding effects on sea level cannot be directly estimated from observations because these are almost unexistent at global continental scale. However, global hydrological models developed for atmospheric and climatic studies can be used for estimating total water storage. For the recent years (since mid-2002), terrestrial water storage change can be directly estimated from observations of the GRACE space gravimetry mission. In this study, we analyse the interannual variability of total land water storage, and investigate its contribution to mean sea level variability at interannual time scale. We consider three different periods that, each, depend on data availability: (1) GRACE era (2003-2009), (2) 1993-2003 and (3) 1955-1995. For the GRACE era (period 1), change in land water storage is estimated using different GRACE products over the 33 largest river basins worldwide. For periods 2 and 3, we use outputs from the ISBA-TRIP (Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere Total Runoff Integrating Pathways) global hydrological model. For each time span, we compare change in land water storage (expressed in sea level equivalent) to observed mean sea level, either from satellite altimetry (periods 1 and 2) or tide gauge records (period 3). For each data set and each time span, a trend has been removed as we focus on the interannual variability. We show that whatever the period considered, interannual variability of the mean sea level is essentially explained by interannual fluctuations in land water storage, with the largest contributions arising from tropical river basins. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Llovel, W.; Becker, M.; Cazenave, A.] LEGOS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Jevrejeva, S.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Alkama, R.; Decharme, B.; Douville, H.] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Ablain, M.] CLS, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Beckley, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Llovel, W (reprint author), LEGOS OMP, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France. EM william.llovel@legos.obs-mip.fr RI BECKER, Melanie/B-3658-2012; LLOVEL, William/G-6930-2016 OI BECKER, Melanie/0000-0002-0263-5558; FU CNRS; Region Midi-Pyrenees; ANR; RTRA-STAE; NASA FX W. Llovel is supported by a PhD Grant from CNRS and the Region Midi-Pyrenees. M. Becker and R. Alkama are supported by Post Doctoral fellowships from the ANR project 'CECILE' and the RTRA-STAE project 'CYMENT. We thank R.S. Nerem and two anonymous reviewers for very useful comments. GRACE data of the TELLUS website were processed by D. P. Chambers, supported by the NASA Earth Science REASoN GRACE Project, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.10.008 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 717VE UT WOS:000287074700008 ER PT J AU Hague, MJ Ferrari, MR Miller, JR Patterson, DA Russell, GL Farrell, AP Hinch, SG AF Hague, M. J. Ferrari, M. R. Miller, J. R. Patterson, D. A. Russell, G. L. Farrell, A. P. Hinch, S. G. TI Modelling the future hydroclimatology of the lower Fraser River and its impacts on the spawning migration survival of sockeye salmon SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerobic scope; Fraser River; Oncorhynchus nerka; spawning migration; temperature thresholds ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; EN-ROUTE MORTALITY; EUROPEAN SEA BASS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; THERMAL TOLERANCE; WATER TEMPERATURE AB Short episodic high temperature events can be lethal for migrating adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). We downscaled temperatures for the Fraser River, British Columbia to evaluate the impact of climate warming on the frequency of exceeding thermal thresholds associated with salmon migratory success. Alarmingly, a modest 1.0 degrees C increase in average summer water temperature over 100 years (1981-2000 to 2081-2100) tripled the number of days per year exceeding critical salmonid thermal thresholds (i.e. 19.0 degrees C). Refined thresholds for two populations (Gates Creek and Weaver Creek) of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were defined using physiological constraint models based on aerobic scope. While extreme temperatures leading to complete aerobic collapse remained unlikely under our warming scenario, both populations were increasingly forced to migrate upriver at reduced levels of aerobic performance (e.g. in 80% of future simulations, >= 90% of salmon encountered temperatures exceeding population-specific thermal optima for maximum aerobic scope; T(opt)=16.3 degrees C for Gates Creek and T(opt)=14.5 degrees C for Weaver Creek). Assuming recent changes to river entry timing persist, we also predicted dramatic increases in the probability of freshwater mortality for Weaver Creek salmon due to reductions in aerobic, and general physiological, performance (e.g. in 42% of future simulations >= 50% of Weaver Creek fish exceeded temperature thresholds associated with 0-60% of maximum aerobic scope). Potential for adaptation via directional selection on run-timing was more evident for the Weaver Creek population. Early entry Weaver Creek fish experienced 25% (range: 15-31%) more suboptimal temperatures than late entrants, compared with an 8% difference (range: 0-17%) between early and late Gates Creek fish. Our results emphasize the need to consider daily temperature variability in association with population-specific differences in behaviour and physiological constraints when forecasting impacts of climate change on migratory survival of aquatic species. C1 [Hague, M. J.; Patterson, D. A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ferrari, M. R.] Weather Trends Int, Lehigh Valley Corp Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18017 USA. [Miller, J. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Russell, G. L.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Farrell, A. P.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hinch, S. G.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Hague, MJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM merran.hague@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Southern Boundary Restoration and Enhancement Fund; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Habitat Research; NSERC; NJ Agricultural Experiment Station [32103] FX The authors wish to thank Eduardo Martins for his valuable feedback on earlier drafts of the manuscript as well as the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This research was supported by grants from the Southern Boundary Restoration and Enhancement Fund, Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Environmental Watch Program, Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Habitat Research, and an NSERC grant awarded to S. G. H. J. R. M. also received partial support for this work from the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station grant #32103. NR 72 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02225.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 688LT UT WOS:000284851500008 ER PT J AU Fisher, JB Whittaker, RJ Malhi, Y AF Fisher, Joshua B. Whittaker, Robert J. Malhi, Yadvinder TI ET come home: potential evapotranspiration in geographical ecology SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Continental scale; evaporation; evapotranspiration; land cover; Penman-Monteith; Priestley-Taylor; Thornthwaite; transpiration ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; WATER-ENERGY DYNAMICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; SAP FLOW; CALCULATING EVAPORATION; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATIC GRADIENTS; COMBINATION THEORY; SOUTHERN AFRICA; BERGMANNS RULE AB Aim Many macroecological analyses are based on analyses of climatological data, within which evapotranspiration estimates are of central importance. In this paper we evaluate and review the use of evapotranspiration models and data in studies of geographical ecology to test the likely sensitivity of the analyses to variation in the performance of different metrics of potential evapotranspiration. Location Analyses are based on: (1) a latitudinal transect of sites (FLUXNET) for 11 different land-cover types; and (2) globally gridded data. Methods First, we review the fundamental concepts of evapotranspiration, outline basic evapotranspiration models and describe methods with which to measure evapotranspiration. Next, we compare three different types of potential evapotranspiration models - a temperature-based (Thornthwaite type), a radiation-based (Priestley-Taylor) and a combination (Penman-Monteith) model - for 11 different land-cover types. Finally, we compare these models at continental and global scales. Results At some sites the models differ by less than 7%, but generally the difference was greater than 25% across most sites. The temperature-based model estimated 20-30% less than the radiation-based and combination models averaged across all sites. The combination model often gave the highest estimates (22% higher than the radiation-based model averaged across all sites). For continental and global averages, the potential evapotranspiration was very similar across all models. However, the difference in individual pixels was often larger than 150 mm year-1 between models. Main conclusions The choice of evapotranspiration model and input data is likely to have a bearing on model fits and predictions when used in analyses of species richness and related phenomena at geographical scales of analysis. To assist those undertaking such analyses, we provide a guide to selecting an appropriate evapotranspiration model. C1 [Fisher, Joshua B.; Whittaker, Robert J.; Malhi, Yadvinder] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Fisher, Joshua B.; Whittaker, Robert J.; Malhi, Yadvinder] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Biodivers Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Whittaker, Robert J.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Fisher, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Water & Carbon Cycles Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM joshbfisher@gmail.com RI Whittaker, Robert/H-1548-2015; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017; OI Whittaker, Robert/0000-0001-7775-3383; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU US DOE FX We thank the FLUXNET site investigators for allowing us to use their meteorological data to run the models: A. Araujo, S. Archibald, H. da Rocha, B. Cook, K. Davis, L. Flanagan, S. Goetz, A. O. Manzi, R. Monson, B. Scholes, W. Oechel, E. Thompson, M. S. Tom, J. Tota and C. von Randow. US DOE provided support for many of the sites. S. Heathcote helped with Table 1. Invaluable review was provided by D. Baldocchi, E. M. O'Brien, I. C. Prentice, Y. Ryu and K. Tu. NR 110 TC 81 Z9 90 U1 8 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00578.x PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 691VP UT WOS:000285109200001 ER PT J AU Giri, C Ochieng, E Tieszen, LL Zhu, Z Singh, A Loveland, T Masek, J Duke, N AF Giri, C. Ochieng, E. Tieszen, L. L. Zhu, Z. Singh, A. Loveland, T. Masek, J. Duke, N. TI Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Global distributions; image processing; Landsat; mangrove; mapping; remote sensing ID LAND-COVER AB Aim Our scientific understanding of the extent and distribution of mangrove forests of the world is inadequate. The available global mangrove databases, compiled using disparate geospatial data sources and national statistics, need to be improved. Here, we mapped the status and distributions of global mangroves using recently available Global Land Survey (GLS) data and the Landsat archive. Methods We interpreted approximately 1000 Landsat scenes using hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. Each image was normalized for variation in solar angle and earth-sun distance by converting the digital number values to the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and databases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. Results were validated using existing GIS data and the published literature to map 'true mangroves'. Results The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was 137,760 km2 in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Approximately 75% of world's mangroves are found in just 15 countries, and only 6.9% are protected under the existing protected areas network (IUCN I-IV). Our study confirms earlier findings that the biogeographic distribution of mangroves is generally confined to the tropical and subtropical regions and the largest percentage of mangroves is found between 5 degrees N and 5 degrees S latitude. Main conclusions We report that the remaining area of mangrove forest in the world is less than previously thought. Our estimate is 12.3% smaller than the most recent estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. We present the most comprehensive, globally consistent and highest resolution (30 m) global mangrove database ever created. We developed and used better mapping techniques and data sources and mapped mangroves with better spatial and thematic details than previous studies. C1 [Giri, C.] US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ochieng, E.] United Nations Environm Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Zhu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Singh, A.] United Nations Environm Programme, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Masek, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Duke, N.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Marine Bot Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Giri, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM cgiri@usgs.gov RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Duke, Norman/K-5729-2013 OI Duke, Norman/0000-0003-2081-9120 FU USGS; NASA FX This work was supported by USGS Director's Venture Capital Fund and the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Program. We would also like to thank the following student interns and visiting scientists who helped to analyse Landsat data: Andrew Bland, Jordan Long, Bibek Bhattarai, Supriti Shrestha, Sneha Poddar, Bruce Pengra, Tejaswi Giri, Sapna Battish, Smita Shrivastav, Joseph Muhlhausen, Asha Singh and Krishna Bhattarai. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 300 Z9 326 U1 31 U2 215 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x PG 6 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 691VP UT WOS:000285109200013 ER PT B AU Boy, GA AF Boy, Guy A. BE Boy, GA TI A Human-Centered Design Approach Introduction SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID AIR-TRAFFIC-CONTROL; WORKLOAD; SYSTEMS; COCKPIT C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL USA. [Boy, Guy A.] European Inst Cognit Sci & Engn EURISCO, Toulouse, France. [Boy, Guy A.] ACM SIGCHI, New York, NY USA. RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300001 ER PT B AU Burian, BK Martin, L AF Burian, Barbara K. Martin, Lynne BE Boy, GA TI Operating Documents that Change in Real-time: Dynamic Documents and User Performance Support SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFORMATION OVERLOAD; AUTOMATION; AWARENESS; SYSTEMS C1 [Burian, Barbara K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Martin, Lynne] NASA Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Burian, BK (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 107 EP 130 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300006 ER PT B AU Boy, GA Grote, G AF Boy, Guy A. Grote, Gudela BE Boy, GA TI The Authority Issue in Organizational Automation SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-CONFIDENCE; TRUST; SYSTEMS; SAFETY; PERFORMANCE; ALLOCATION; KNOWLEDGE; KOMPASS; DESIGN; MODEL C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL 34471 USA. [Boy, Guy A.] ACM SIGCHI, New York, NY USA. [Grote, Gudela] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Management Technol & Econ, Work & Org Psychol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 131 EP 150 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300007 ER PT B AU Boy, GA AF Boy, Guy A. BE Boy, GA TI Cognitive Function Analysis in the Design of Human and Machine Multi-Agent Systems SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL USA. [Boy, Guy A.] European Inst Cognit Sci & Engn EURISCO, Toulouse, France. RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 189 EP 206 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300010 ER PT B AU Pritchett, A Feary, M AF Pritchett, Amy Feary, Michael BE Boy, GA TI Designing Human-Automation Interaction SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS; TRUST; ADAPTATION; MODEL; TASK C1 [Pritchett, Amy] Georgia Tech Cognit Engn Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pritchett, Amy] OSTP Aeronaut Sci & Technol Subcomm, Washington, DC USA. [Feary, Michael] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Pritchett, A (reprint author), Georgia Tech Cognit Engn Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 267 EP 281 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300013 ER PT B AU Gander, P Graeber, C Belenky, G AF Gander, Philippa Graeber, Curt Belenky, Gregory BE Boy, GA TI Operator Fatigue: Implications for Human-Machine Interaction SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REGIONAL BRAIN ACTIVITY; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; WORK HOURS; FLIGHT CREW; RISK; INTERNS; PATTERNS; RESTRICTION; ALERTNESS; RECOVERY AB Operator fatigue is a catch-all term for impairment that commonly occurs if people continue working when they have not fully recovered from the demands of prior work and other waking activities. Fatigue-related impairment can accumulate across a work period where breaks are insufficient to allow short-term recovery from task demands. Fatigue-related impairment also occurs if operators do not obtain sufficient recovery sleep between work periods. The effects of inadequate sleep are cumulative, with performance becoming increasingly impaired to the point where an operator can slip uncontrollably in and out of attentional lapses and microsleeps, during which he or she is unresponsive to task demands or other environmental stimuli. Functional degradation due to fatigue is more likely during times in the circadian body clock cycle when physiological sleep drive is high and performance capacity is sub-optimal. (The circadian body clock is a light-sensitive neural pacemaker that modulates physiological and behavioral functioning in step with the day/night cycle, to facilitate sleep at night.) Operator fatigue results in systematic changes in physical and mental performance, and in complex behaviors such as situation awareness, decision-making, and communication. It is increasingly being identified as a causal factor in accidents and incidents, as a result of improved scientific understanding and more systematic investigation methods. Thus, the dynamics of fatigue accumulation and recovery need to be integrated into human-centered design. Fatigue risk has traditionally been addressed at the regulatory level through prescriptive limits on hours of work and rest. Increasingly, Fatigue Risk Management Systems (as an integrated part of safety management systems) are being promulgated as a regulatory alternative. The "defenses-in-depth" paradigm is being applied to identify strategies to reduce the likelihood of fatigue-related errors, to trap such errors when they occur, and to mitigate their consequences at multiple levels in an organization. At a minimum, fatigue risk reduction strategies should be incorporated into the design of human-machine systems where operator fatigue can be expected to have an impact on safety. Systems that are designed to be resilient to the effects of operator fatigue are also more likely to provide efficient and reliable overall human-machine interaction. C1 [Gander, Philippa] Massey Univ, Sleep Wake Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Gander, Philippa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gander, Philippa] NASA, Fatigue Countermeasures Program, Ames, IA USA. [Gander, Philippa] Royal Soc New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. [Graeber, Curt] Graeber Grp Ltd, Kirkland, WA USA. [Graeber, Curt] Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Seattle, WA USA. [Graeber, Curt] Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Human Factors, Seattle, WA USA. [Graeber, Curt] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Crew Fatigue Program, Ames, IA USA. [Graeber, Curt] Presidential Commiss Space Shuttle Challenger Acc, Washington, DC USA. [Belenky, Gregory] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 365 EP 382 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300018 ER PT B AU Boy, GA AF Boy, Guy A. BE Boy, GA TI From Automation to Interaction Design Conclusion and Perspectives SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID COMPUTER C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL 34471 USA. [Boy, Guy A.] European Inst Cognit Sci & Engn EURISCO, Toulouse, France. RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 431 EP 443 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300022 ER PT S AU Bailey, RE Shelton, KJ Arthur, JJ AF Bailey, Randall E. Shelton, Kevin J. Arthur, J. J. (Trey), III BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI Head-Worn Displays for NextGen SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVI: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVI - Design and Applications CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Head-Worn Display; Head-Up Display; Enhanced Vision; Synthetic Vision; Latency AB The operating concepts emerging under the Next Generation air transportation system (NextGen) require new technology and procedures - not only on the ground-side - but also on the flight deck. Flight deck display and decision support technologies are specifically targeted to overcome aircraft safety barriers that might otherwise constrain the full realization of NextGen. One such technology is the very lightweight, unobtrusive head-worn display (HWD). HWDs with an integrated head-tracking system are being researched as they offer significant potential benefit under emerging NextGen operational concepts. Two areas of benefit for NextGen are defined. First, the HWD may be designed to be equivalent to the Head-Up Display (HUD) using Virtual HUD concepts. As such, these operational credits may be provided to significantly more aircraft for which HUD installation is neither practical nor possible. Second, the HWD provides unique display capabilities, such as an unlimited field-of-regard. These capabilities may be integral to emerging NextGen operational concepts, eliminating safety issues which might otherwise constrain the full realization of NextGen. The paper details recent research results, current HWD technology limitations, and future technology development needed to realize HWDs as a enabling technology for NextGen. C1 [Bailey, Randall E.; Shelton, Kevin J.; Arthur, J. J. (Trey), III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Bailey, RE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 24 W Taylor St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Randall.E.Bailey@nasa.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-615-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8041 AR 80410G DI 10.1117/12.885847 PG 15 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVO18 UT WOS:000292033000015 ER PT S AU Poberezhskiy, IY Chang, DH Erlig, H AF Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y. Chang, Daniel H. Erlig, Hernan BE Zediker, MS TI Optimized biasing of pump laser diodes in a highly reliable metrology source for long-duration space missions SO HIGH-POWER DIODE LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Diode Laser Technology and Applications IX CY JAN 23-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE 808nm diode pumps; beam combining; reliable optical pumps; NPRO lasers; optical metrology; optimal laser load shaing ID RELIABILITY AB Optical metrology system reliability during a prolonged space mission is often limited by the reliability of pump laser diodes. We developed a metrology laser pump module architecture that meets NASA SIM Lite instrument optical power and reliability requirements by combining the outputs of multiple single-mode pump diodes in a low-loss, high port count fiber coupler. We describe Monte-Carlo simulations used to calculate the reliability of the laser pump module and introduce a combined laser farm aging parameter that serves as a load-sharing optimization metric. Employing these tools, we select pump module architecture, operating conditions, biasing approach and perform parameter sensitivity studies to investigate the robustness of the obtained solution. C1 [Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y.; Chang, Daniel H.; Erlig, Hernan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Poberezhskiy, IY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ilya@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8455-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7918 AR 791807 DI 10.1117/12.877605 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC26 UT WOS:000297921500006 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Yang, H Li, L Gourley, JJ Sadiq, IK Yilmaz, KK Adler, RF Policelli, FS Habib, S Irwn, D Limaye, AS Korme, T Okello, L AF Wang, Jiahu Yang, Hong Li, Li Gourley, Jonathan J. Sadiq, Khan I. Yilmaz, Koray K. Adler, Robert F. Policelli, Frederick S. Habib, Shahid Irwn, Daniel Limaye, Ashutosh S. Korme, Tesfaye Okello, Lawrence TI The coupled routing and excess storage (CREST) distributed hydrological model SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE distributed hydrological model; cell-to-cell routing; excess storage; water balance; CREST; Lake Victoria ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; SCALE; SIMULATION; RUNOFF; BASIN AB The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage model (CREST, jointly developed by the University of Oklahoma and NASA SERVIR) is a distributed hydrological model developed to simulate the spatial and temporal variation of land surface, and subsurface water fluxes and storages by cell-to-cell simulation. CREST's distinguishing characteristics include: (1) distributed rainfall-runoff generation and cell-to-cell routing; (2) coupled runoff generation and routing via three feedback mechanisms; and (3) representation of sub-grid cell variability of soil moisture storage capacity and sub-grid cell routing (via linear reservoirs). The coupling between the runoff generation and routing mechanisms allows detailed and realistic treatment of hydrological variables such as soil moisture. Furthermore, the representation of soil moisture variability and routing processes at the sub-grid scale enables the CREST model to be readily scalable to multi-scale modelling research. This paper presents the model development and demonstrates its applicability for a case study in the Nzoia basin located in Lake Victoria, Africa. C1 [Wang, Jiahu; Yang, Hong; Li, Li; Sadiq, Khan I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, Jiahu; Li, Li] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yilmaz, Koray K.; Adler, Robert F.; Policelli, Frederick S.; Habib, Shahid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yilmaz, Koray K.; Adler, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Irwn, Daniel; Limaye, Ashutosh S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Korme, Tesfaye; Okello, Lawrence] African Reg Ctr Mapping Resources Dev RCMRD, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yilmaz, Koray/A-6053-2010; Khan, Sadiq/B-8209-2012; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yilmaz, Koray/0000-0002-6244-8826; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NASA; University of Oklahoma; NOAA/NSSL; NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) [40801012, 40830639]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX The financial support from NASA Applied Science Program SERVIR-Africa Project, from University of Oklahoma and NOAA/NSSL Director's Discretionary Research Fund is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the RCMRD for providing gauged rainfall and stream-flow observations over the Nzoia basin. The authors would like to extend their appreciation for support from grants no. 40801012, no. 40830639 of the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Finally, we wish to thank the reviewers and editors for their encouraging and constructive comments. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 84 EP 98 DI 10.1080/02626667.2010.543087 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 742KY UT WOS:000288943400006 ER PT J AU Khan, SI Adhikari, P Hong, Y Vergara, H Adler, RF Policelli, F Irwin, D Korme, T Okello, L AF Khan, S. I. Adhikari, P. Hong, Y. Vergara, H. Adler, R. F. Policelli, F. Irwin, D. Korme, T. Okello, L. TI Hydroclimatology of Lake Victoria region using hydrologic model and satellite remote sensing data SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; WATER CYCLE; RAINFALL; BASIN; FLOOD; TRMM; SIMULATION; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; PRODUCTS AB Study of hydro-climatology at a range of temporal scales is important in understanding and ultimately mitigating the potential severe impacts of hydrological extreme events such as floods and droughts. Using daily in-situ data over the last two decades combined with the recently available multiple-years satellite remote sensing data, we analyzed and simulated, with a distributed hydrologic model, the hydro-climatology in Nzoia, one of the major contributing sub-basins of Lake Victoria in the East African highlands. The basin, with a semi arid climate, has no sustained base flow contribution to Lake Victoria. The short spell of high discharge showed that rain is the prime cause of floods in the basin. There is only a marginal increase in annual mean discharge over the last 21 years. The 2-, 5- and 10-year peak discharges, for the entire study period showed that more years since the mid 1990's have had high peak discharges despite having relatively less annual rain. The study also presents the hydrologic model calibration and validation results over the Nzoia basin. The spatiotemporal variability of the water cycle components were quantified using a hydrologic model, with in-situ and multi-satellite remote sensing datasets. The model is calibrated using daily observed discharge data for the period between 1985 and 1999, for which model performance is estimated with a Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.87 and 0.23% bias. The model validation showed an error metrics with NSCE of 0.65 and 1.04% bias. Moreover, the hydrologic capability of satellite precipitation (TRMM-3B42 V6) is evaluated. In terms of reconstruction of the water cycle components the spatial distribution and time series of modeling results for precipitation and runoff showed considerable agreement with the monthly model runoff estimates and gauge observations. Runoff values responded to precipitation events that occurred across the catchment during the wet season from March to early June. The spatially distributed model inputs, states, and outputs, were found to be useful for understanding the hydrologic behavior at the catchment scale. The monthly peak runoff is observed in the months of April, May and November. The analysis revealed a linear relationship between rainfall and runoff for both wet and dry seasons. Satellite precipitation forcing data showed the potential to be used not only for the investigation of water balance but also for addressing issues pertaining to sustainability of the resources at the catchment scale. C1 [Khan, S. I.; Adhikari, P.; Hong, Y.; Vergara, H.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Adler, R. F.; Policelli, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Adler, R. F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Irwin, D.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Korme, T.; Okello, L.] African Reg Ctr Mapping Resources Dev RCMRD, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Adhikari, Pradeep/0000-0003-2218-4376 FU NASA Headquarters [NNX08AX63H]; NASA Applied Sciences SERVIR Africa FX This work is supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth Science Fellowship Program- Grant NNX08AX63H and NASA Applied Sciences SERVIR Africa project (www.servir.net). The authors also thank the RCMRD for providing gauged rainfall and streamflow observations over the Nzoia basin. We also appreciate the efforts of anonymous reviewers for critical comments and constructive suggestions. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.5194/hess-15-107-2011 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 713GP UT WOS:000286723600009 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Norman, JM Hain, CR Mecikalski, JR Schultz, L Gonzalez-Dugo, MP Cammalleri, C d'Urso, G Pimstein, A Gao, F AF Anderson, M. C. Kustas, W. P. Norman, J. M. Hain, C. R. Mecikalski, J. R. Schultz, L. Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P. Cammalleri, C. d'Urso, G. Pimstein, A. Gao, F. TI Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to continental scales using geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; LAND EXCHANGE MODEL; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION INDEX; 2-SOURCE MODEL; HEAT-FLUX; BALANCE; SYSTEM; WATER; LANDSCAPE AB Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing of land-surface temperature (LST) provides valuable information about the sub-surface moisture status required for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) and detecting the onset and severity of drought. While empirical indices measuring anomalies in LST and vegetation amount (e.g., as quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have demonstrated utility in monitoring ET and drought conditions over large areas, they may provide ambiguous results when other factors (e.g., air temperature, advection) are affecting plant functioning. A more physically based interpretation of LST and NDVI and their relationship to subsurface moisture conditions can be obtained with a surface energy balance model driven by TIR remote sensing. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model is a multi-sensor TIR approach to ET mapping, coupling a two-source (soil + canopy) land-surface model with an atmospheric boundary layer model in time-differencing mode to routinely and robustly map daily fluxes at continental scales and 5 to 10-km resolution using thermal band imagery and insolation estimates from geostationary satellites. A related algorithm (DisALEXI) spatially disaggregates ALEXI fluxes down to finer spatial scales using moderate resolution TIR imagery from polar orbiting satellites. An overview of this modeling approach is presented, along with strategies for fusing information from multiple satellite platforms and wavebands to map daily ET down to resolutions on the order of 10 m. The ALEXI/DisALEXI model has potential for global applications by integrating data from multiple geostationary meteorological satellite systems, such as the US Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, the European Meteosat satellites, the Chinese Fen-yung 2B series, and the Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. Work is underway to further evaluate multi-scale ALEXI implementations over the US, Europe, Africa and other continents with geostationary satellite coverage. C1 [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Norman, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hain, C. R.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Mecikalski, J. R.; Schultz, L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P.] IFAPA Andalusian Agr & Fisheries Dept, Cordoba, Spain. [Cammalleri, C.] Univ Palermo, Dept Civil Environ & Aerosp Eng, Palermo, Italy. [d'Urso, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Agr Engn & Agron, Naples, Italy. [Pimstein, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Fruit Prod & Enol, Santiago, Chile. [Gao, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Gao, F.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Cammalleri, Carmelo/B-4227-2010; Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./J-4157-2012; OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./0000-0003-0423-8246; D'Urso, Guido/0000-0002-0251-4668 NR 61 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 75 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.5194/hess-15-223-2011 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 713GP UT WOS:000286723600018 ER PT J AU Kidd, C Levizzani, V AF Kidd, C. Levizzani, V. TI Status of satellite precipitation retrievals SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; TRMM MICROWAVE IMAGER; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; FLOOD PREDICTION; WORKING GROUP; CLOUD RADAR; PART I; ALGORITHMS; RESOLUTION; INFORMATION AB Satellites offer an unrivalled vantage point to observe and measure Earth system processes and parameters. Precipitation (rain and snow) in particular, benefit from such observations since precipitation is spatially and temporally highly variable and with satellites overcoming some of the deficiencies of conventional gauge and radar measurements. This paper provides an overall review of quantitative precipitation estimation, covering the basis of the satellite systems used in the observation of precipitation, the dissemination and processing of this data, and the generation, availability and validation of these precipitation estimates. A selection of applications utilising these precipitation estimates are then outlined to exemplify the utility of such products. C1 [Kidd, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kidd, C.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Levizzani, V.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. RP Kidd, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM chris.kidd@nasa.gov RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; Kidd, Christopher/H-9910-2014 OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235; NR 63 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1116 DI 10.5194/hess-15-1109-2011 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 756MR UT WOS:000290016400002 ER PT J AU Li, L Stone, LS Chen, J AF Li, Li Stone, Leland S. Chen, Jing TI Influence of optic-flow information beyond the velocity field on the active control of heading SO I-PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Li; Chen, Jing] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Stone, Leland S.] NASA, Human Syst Integrat Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM chenjingpku@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 2041-6695 J9 I-PERCEPTION JI I-Perception PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA V32HF UT WOS:000208941600008 ER PT J AU Woo, R AF Woo, Richard TI Coronal streamers revealed during solar eclipses: Seeing is not believing, and pictures can lie SO I-PERCEPTION LA English DT Article DE solar eclipses; coronal streamers; image artefact; optical illusion AB For those fortunate enough to have personally witnessed and photographed the visible corona surrounding the Sun during a solar eclipse, pictures are usually a let down for not living up to the visual view. After 150 years of investigating the corona, we understand it more fully and now know this difference to be real. The difference stems from our inability to either see or image the true distribution of simultaneous brightness because of its large dynamic range (eg, Rodriguez, Woods, 2008 Digital Image Processing, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall). Brightness in the corona is unprecedented, as it falls by three orders of magnitude over a distance of only one solar radius from the Sun. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Woo, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-725, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM richard.woo@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 2041-6695 J9 I-PERCEPTION JI I-Perception PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1068/i0424 PG 4 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA V32HH UT WOS:000208941800004 PM 23145245 ER PT J AU Mouawad, N Burger, MH Killen, RM Potter, AE McClintock, WE Vervack, RJ Bradley, ET Benna, M Naidu, S AF Mouawad, Nelly Burger, Matthew H. Killen, Rosemary M. Potter, Andrew E. McClintock, William E. Vervack, Ronald J., Jr. Bradley, E. Todd Benna, Mehdi Naidu, Shantanu TI Constraints on Mercury's Na exosphere: Combined MESSENGER and ground-based data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mercury, Atmosphere ID SODIUM EXOSPHERE; NEUTRAL SODIUM; METEOROID IMPACTS; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL; POTASSIUM; DESORPTION; FLYBY AB We have used observations of sodium emission obtained with the McMath-Pierce solar telescope and MESSENGER's Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) to constrain models of Mercury's sodium exosphere. The distribution of sodium in Mercury's exosphere during the period January 12-15, 2008, was mapped using the McMath-Pierce solar telescope with the 5 '' x 5 '' image slicer to observe the D-line emission. On January 14, 2008, the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVVS) channel on MASCS sampled the sodium in Mercury's anti-sunward tail region. We find that the bound exosphere has an equivalent temperature of 900-1200 K, and that this temperature can be achieved if the sodium is ejected either by photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) with a 1200 K Maxwellian velocity distribution, or by thermal accommodation of a hotter source. We were not able to discriminate between the two assumed velocity distributions of the ejected particles for the PSD, but the velocity distributions require different values of the thermal accommodation coefficient and result in different upper limits on impact vaporization. We were able to place a strong constraint on the impact vaporization rate that results in the release of neutral Na atoms with an upper limit of 2.1 x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1). The variability of the week-long ground-based observations can be explained by variations in the sources, including both PSD and ion-enhanced PSD, as well as possible temporal enhancements in meteoroid vaporization. Knowledge of both dayside and anti-sunward tail morphologies and radiances are necessary to correctly deduce the exospheric source rates, processes, velocity distribution, and surface interaction. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mouawad, Nelly; Naidu, Shantanu] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Burger, Matthew H.; Killen, Rosemary M.; Benna, Mehdi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Potter, Andrew E.] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McClintock, William E.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Vervack, Ronald J., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Bradley, E. Todd] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Mouawad, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mouawad@astro.umd.edu RI Vervack, Ronald/C-2702-2016; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012 OI Vervack, Ronald/0000-0002-8227-9564; FU NASA [NNG05GF53G, NNX08AP65G, NNX07AR78G, NNX08A131G, NNX07AR63G]; National Science Foundation FX N.M. was supported by the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program under Grants NNG05GF53G and NNX08AP65G. R.M.K. was supported by the NASA MESSENGER Participating Scientist Program Grant NNX07AR78G. MHB was supported by the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program Grant NNX08A131G. R.J.V. was supported by the NASA MESSENGER Participating Scientist Program Grant NNX07AR63G. Observations were conducted at the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, which is operated by the National Solar Observatory under the auspices of the National Science Foundation. We are grateful to Sean Solomon for his helpful comments in preparation of the paper. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.019 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600003 ER PT J AU Konopliv, AS Asmar, SW Folkner, WM Karatekin, O Nunes, DC Smrekar, SE Yoder, CF Zuber, MT AF Konopliv, Alex S. Asmar, Sami W. Folkner, William M. Karatekin, Ozgur Nunes, Daniel C. Smrekar, Suzanne E. Yoder, Charles F. Zuber, Maria T. TI Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical parameters SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Interior; Geophysics; Planetary dynamics; Asteroids ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL DEFLECTION; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MASS REDISTRIBUTION; INTERIOR STRUCTURE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HEND/ODYSSEY DATA; TIME VARIATIONS; RADIO TRACKING AB With 2 years of tracking data collection from the MRO spacecraft, there is noticeable improvement in the high frequency portion of the spherical harmonic Mars gravity field. The new JPL Mars gravity fields, MRO110B and MRO110B2, show resolution near degree 90. Additional years of MGS and Mars Odyssey tracking data result in improvement for the seasonal (J) over bar (3) gravity changes which compares well to global circulation models and Odyssey neutron data and Mars rotation and precession ((psi) over dot = -7594 +/- 10 mas/year). Once atmospheric dust is accounted for in the spacecraft solar pressure model, solutions for mars solar tide are consistent between data sets and show slightly larger values (k(2) = 0.164 +/- 0.009, after correction for atmospheric tide) compared to previous results, further constraining core models. An additional 4 years of Mars range data improves the Mars ephemeris, determines 21 asteroid masses and bounds solar mass loss (dGM(Sun)/dt < 1.6 x 10(-13) GM(Sun) year(-1)). (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Konopliv, Alex S.; Asmar, Sami W.; Folkner, William M.; Nunes, Daniel C.; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Yoder, Charles F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Karatekin, Ozgur] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Konopliv, AS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Alex.Konopliv@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Belgian PRODEX program FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. OK acknowledges the support of Belgian PRODEX program managed by the ESA in collaboration with the BELSPO. Dolan Highsmith, Stuart Demcak, and Tung-Han You of the JPL navigation team provided spacecraft model information. Boris Semenov provided help with incorporating MRO attitude, solar array and HGA information. Alan Chamberlin provided the small body ephemerides necessary for the processing of the NEAR data. Bob Haberle, Jim Schaeffer, and Francois Forget provided data for the GCM models. Tom Prettyman provided maps and instruction for interpreting NR 120 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 401 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.004 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600028 ER PT J AU Li, JY Thomas, PC Carcich, B Mutchler, MJ McFadden, LA Russell, CT Weinstein-Weiss, SS Rayman, MD Raymond, CA AF Li, Jian-Yang Thomas, Peter C. Carcich, Brian Mutchler, Max J. McFadden, Lucy A. Russell, Christopher T. Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy S. Rayman, Marc D. Raymond, Carol A. TI Improved measurement of Asteroid (4) Vesta's rotational axis orientation SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroid Vesta; Asteroids, Rotation; Asteroids, Surfaces ID TRIAXIAL ELLIPSOID DIMENSIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGES; CERES; EXPLORATION; MISSION; POLES; DAWN AB We report an improved measurement of the rotational axis orientation of Asteroid (4) Vesta. By analyzing and combining all previous measurements using a limb-fitting technique from ground/HST data collected from 1983 to 2006, we derive a pole solution of (RA = 304.5 degrees, Dec = 41.5 degrees). Images of Vesta acquired with the Wide Field Camera 3 onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in February 2010 are combined with images from the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on HST obtained in 1994, 1996, and 2007 at similar spatial resolution and wavelengths to perform new measurements. Control point stereogrammetry returns a pole solution of (305.1 degrees, 43.4 degrees). An alternate method tracks surface features and fits their projected paths with ellipses to determine a great circle containing the pole for each HST observation. Combined, the four great circles yield a pole solution of (309.3 degrees, 41.9 degrees). These three solutions obtained with almost independent methods are within 3.5 degrees of each other, suggesting a robust solution. Combining the results from all three techniques, we propose an improved value of the rotational axis of Vesta as RA = 305.8 degrees +/- 3.1 degrees, Dec = 41.4 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees (1-sigma error). This new solution changes from (301 degrees, 41 degrees) reported by Thomas et al. (Thomas, P.C., Binzel, R.P., Gaffey, M.J., Zellner, B.H., Storrs, AD., Wells, E. [1997a]. Icarus 128, 88-94) by 3.6 degrees, and from (306 degrees, 38 degrees) reported by Drummond and Christou (Drummond, J.D., Christou, J. [2008]. Icarus 197, 480-496) by 3.4 degrees. It changes the obliquity of Vesta by up to similar to 3 degrees, but increases the Sun-centered RA of Vesta at equinox by similar to 8 degrees, and postpones the date of equinox by similar to 35 days. The change of the pole position is less than the resolution of all previous images of Vesta, and should not change the main science conclusions of previous research about Vesta. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Jian-Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thomas, Peter C.; Carcich, Brian] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mutchler, Max J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McFadden, Lucy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP & ESS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy S.; Rayman, Marc D.; Raymond, Carol A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Li, JY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jyli@astro.umd.edu RI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/I-4902-2013; Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012 OI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/0000-0002-0537-9975; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-12049.01-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Grant HST-GO-12049.01-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA Contract NAS5-26555. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The authors are extremely grateful to Dennis Byrnes (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) and Dr. Thomas Prettyman (Planetary Science Institute) for their reviews and inputs on the error analysis in our work. J.-Y.L. would like to thank Dr. Xi Shao (University of Maryland) for the very helpful discussion on the statistical approach used in this work. The authors also are extremely grateful to the two reviewers, especially Dr. Jack Drummond, for their careful reviews which helped improve this manuscript substantially. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.019 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600037 ER PT J AU Orton, GS Fletcher, LN Lisse, CM Chodas, PW Cheng, A Yanamandra-Fisher, PA Baines, KH Fisher, BM Wesley, A Perez-Hoyos, S de Pater, I Hammel, HB Edwards, ML Ingersoll, AP Mousis, O Marchis, F Golisch, W Sanchez-Lavega, A Simon-Miller, AA Hueso, R Momary, TW Greene, Z Reshetnikov, N Otto, E Villar, G Lai, S Wong, MH AF Orton, G. S. Fletcher, L. N. Lisse, C. M. Chodas, P. W. Cheng, A. Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A. Baines, K. H. Fisher, B. M. Wesley, A. Perez-Hoyos, S. de Pater, I. Hammel, H. B. Edwards, M. L. Ingersoll, A. P. Mousis, O. Marchis, F. Golisch, W. Sanchez-Lavega, A. Simon-Miller, A. A. Hueso, R. Momary, T. W. Greene, Z. Reshetnikov, N. Otto, E. Villar, G. Lai, S. Wong, M. H. TI The atmospheric influence, size and possible asteroidal nature of the July 2009 Jupiter impactor SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Jupiter; Impact processes; Infrared observations; Comets; Asteroids ID INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9; COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9; MIDINFRARED SPECTROMETER; THERMAL STRUCTURE; TROJAN ASTEROIDS; SILICATE GRAINS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SL9 IMPACTS; DEEP IMPACT AB Near-infrared and mid-infrared observations of the site of the 2009 July 19 impact of an unknown object with Jupiter were obtained within days of the event. The observations were used to assess the properties of a particulate debris field, elevated temperatures, and the extent of ammonia gas redistributed from the troposphere into Jupiter's stratosphere. The impact strongly influenced the atmosphere in a central region, as well as having weaker effects in a separate field to its west, similar to the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) impact sites in 1994. Temperatures were elevated by as much as 6 K at pressures of about 50-70 mbar in Jupiter's lower stratosphere near the center of the impact site, but no changes above the noise level (1 K) were observed in the upper stratosphere at atmospheric pressures less than similar to 1 mbar. The impact transported at least similar to 2 x 10(15) g of gas from the troposphere to the stratosphere, an amount less than derived for the SL9 C fragment impact. From thermal heating and mass-transport considerations, the diameter of the impactor was roughly in the range of 200-500 m, assuming a mean density of 2.5 g/cm(3). Models with temperature perturbations and ammonia redistribution alone are unable to fit the observed thermal emission; non-gray emission from particulate emission is needed. Mid-infrared spectroscopy of material delivered by the impacting body implies that, in addition to a silicate component, it contains a strong signature that is consistent with silica, distinguishing it from SL9, which contained no evidence for silica. Because no comet has a significant abundance of silica, this result is more consistent with a "rocky" or "asteroidal" origin for the impactor than an "icy" or "cometary" one. This is surprising because the only objects generally considered likely to collide with Jupiter and its satellites are Jupiter-Family Comets, whose populations appear to be orders of magnitude larger than the Jupiter-encountering asteroids. Nonetheless, our conclusion that there is good evidence for at least a major asteroidal component of the impactor composition is also consistent both with constraints on the geometry of the impactor and with results of contemporaneous Hubble Space Telescope observations. If the impact was not simply a statistical fluke, then our conclusion that the impactor contained more rocky material than was the case for the desiccated Comet SL9 implies a larger population of Jupiter-crossing asteroidal bodies than previously estimated, an asteroidal component within the Jupiter-Family Comet population, or compositional differentiation within these bodies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Orton, G. S.; Chodas, P. W.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A.; Baines, K. H.; Fisher, B. M.; Momary, T. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fletcher, L. N.] Oxford Univ Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Lisse, C. M.; Cheng, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wesley, A.] Acquerra Pty Ltd, Murrumbateman, NSW, Australia. [Perez-Hoyos, S.; Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Hueso, R.] Univ Basque Country, ETS Ingn, Bilbao 48013, Spain. [de Pater, I.; Marchis, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edwards, M. L.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Hammel, H. B.] Space Sci Inst, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. [Ingersoll, A. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mousis, O.] CNRS, UMR 6213, Inst UTINAM, Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. [Marchis, F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Golisch, W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Simon-Miller, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Greene, Z.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Reshetnikov, N.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Otto, E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Villar, G.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Wong, M. H.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Orton, GS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM go@scn.jpl.nasa.gov RI Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011; Simon, Amy/C-8020-2012; Marchis, Franck/H-3971-2012; Perez-Hoyos, Santiago/L-7543-2014; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588; Simon, Amy/0000-0003-4641-6186; Perez-Hoyos, Santiago/0000-0002-2587-4682; Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin/0000-0001-7355-1522; Hueso, Ricardo/0000-0003-0169-123X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NCC 5-538]; University of Oxford FX We are grateful to the staffs of (i) the Infrared Telescope Facility, operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement number NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, (ii) the Gemini North and Gemini South Observatories, operated by the Associated of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini partnership, and (iii) the ESO Very Large Telescope (Paranal Observatories) without whom this work could not have taken place. The individual relevant program identifications for each observatory were cited in Section 2. We are particularly gratefully for their resourcefulness of the Gemini Telescope and Very Large Telescope personnel in responding to our requests for rapid access to telescope time. The research described in this paper that was performed by GSO, PAY-F, KHB, BMF, PC, and TM was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. LNF was supported by partially by a Glasstone Research Fellowship at the University of Oxford, and by an appointment to the NASA Post-doctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. During the course of this research N.R. and G.V. were NASA Undergraduate Research Program (USRP) fellows; Z.G., E.O. and S.L. were Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellows. We thank many for helpful discussions, particularly E. Asphaug, D. Blaney, B. Bezard, M. Boslough, D. Crawford, L. Dones, A. J. Friedson, J. Goguen, J. Harrington, W. McKinnon, D. Korycansky, H. Levison, C. Palotai, J. Spencer, R.A. West and K. Zahnle. NR 76 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 587 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.010 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600043 ER PT J AU Hayes, AG Aharonson, O Lunine, JI Kirk, RL Zebker, HA Wye, LC Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP Paillou, P Mitri, G Wall, SD Stofan, ER Mitchell, KL Elachi, C AF Hayes, A. G. Aharonson, O. Lunine, J. I. Kirk, R. L. Zebker, H. A. Wye, L. C. Lorenz, R. D. Turtle, E. P. Paillou, P. Mitri, G. Wall, S. D. Stofan, E. R. Mitchell, K. L. Elachi, C. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Transient surface liquid in Titan's polar regions from Cassini SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Saturn, Satellites; Radar observations; Infrared observations ID HYDROCARBON LAKES; RADAR; MOON; SCATTERING; WAVELENGTH; SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; SHAPE; LAWS AB Cassini RADAR images of Titan's south polar region acquired during southern summer contain lake features which disappear between observations. These features show a tenfold increases in backscatter cross-section between images acquired one year apart, which is inconsistent with common scattering models without invoking temporal variability. The morphologic boundaries are transient, further supporting changes in lake level. These observations are consistent with the exposure of diffusely scattering lakebeds that were previously hidden by an attenuating liquid medium. We use a two-layer model to explain backscatter variations and estimate a drop in liquid depth of approximately 1-m-per-year. On larger scales, we observe shoreline recession between ISS and RADAR images of Ontario Lacus, the largest lake in Titan's south polar region. The recession, occurring between June 2005 and July 2009, is inversely proportional to slopes estimated from altimetric profiles and the exponential decay of near-shore backscatter, consistent with a uniform reduction of 4 +/- 1.3 m in lake depth. Of the potential explanations for observed surface changes, we favor evaporation and infiltration. The disappearance of dark features and the recession of Ontario's shoreline represents volatile transport in an active methane-based hydrologic cycle. Observed loss rates are compared and shown to be consistent with available global circulation models. To date, no unambiguous changes in lake level have been observed between repeat images in the north polar region, although further investigation is warranted. These observations constrain volatile flux rates in Titan's hydrologic system and demonstrate that the surface plays an active role in its evolution. Constraining these seasonal changes represents the first step toward our understanding of longer climate cycles that may determine liquid distribution on Titan over orbital time periods. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hayes, A. G.; Aharonson, O.; Mitri, G.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.; Turtle, E. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Zebker, H. A.; Wye, L. C.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR5084, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Floirac, France. [Wall, S. D.; Mitchell, K. L.; Elachi, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20882 USA. RP Hayes, AG (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hayes@gps.caltech.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Cassini Project; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jakob Van Zyl of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for helpful discussions, and the Cassini Engineering Team, without whom the data presented here would not have existed. This work was supported by the Cassini Project, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as by NASA's Graduate Student Researchers Program. NR 71 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 655 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.017 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600049 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP Stiles, B Le Gall, A Hayes, A Aharonson, O Wood, CA Stofan, E Kirk, R AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Turtle, Elizabeth P. Stiles, Bryan Le Gall, Alice Hayes, Alexander Aharonson, Oded Wood, Charles A. Stofan, Ellen Kirk, Randy TI Hypsometry of Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Geological processes; Geophysics ID CASSINI RADAR; TOPOGRAPHY; ELEVATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; SLOPES; SHAPE; MARS; ALTIMETER; VENUS AB Cassini RADAR topography data are used to evaluate Titan's hypsometric profile, and to make comparisons with other planetary bodies. Titan's hypsogram is unimodal and strikingly narrow compared with the terrestrial planets. To investigate topographic extremes, a novel variant on the classic hypsogram is introduced, with a logarithmic abscissa to highlight mountainous terrain. In such a plot, the top of the terrestrial hypsogram is quite distinct from those of Mars and Venus due to the 'glacial buzz-saw' that clips terrestrial topography above the snowline. In contrast to the positive skew seen in other hypsograms, with a long tail of positive relief due to mountains, there is an indication (weak, given the limited data for Titan so far) that the Titan hypsogram appears slightly negatively skewed, suggesting a significant population of unfilled depressions. Limited data permit only a simplistic comparison of Titan topography with other icy satellites but we find that the standard deviation of terrain height (albeit at different scales) is similar to those of Ganymede and Europa. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Stiles, Bryan; Le Gall, Alice] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hayes, Alexander; Aharonson, Oded] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wood, Charles A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, VA USA. [Stofan, Ellen] USA Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Kirk, Randy] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU NASA; European Space Agency (ESA); Italian Space Agency (ASI) FX This work was supported by the Cassini-Huygens mission, which is a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. We are grateful for the cogent criticism of two anonymous referees which improved the paper. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600052 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Soderblom, JM Brown, RH Soderblom, LA Stephan, K Jaumann, R Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Barnes, Jason W. Soderblom, Jason M. Brown, Robert H. Soderblom, Laurence A. Stephan, Katrin Jaumann, Ralf Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Photometry; Satellites, surfaces ID NEAR-SURFACE WIND; HUYGENS PROBE; ATMOSPHERE; PLANETS; OCEANS; CLOUDS; GLINT AB Stephan et al. (Stephan, K. et al. [2010]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, 7104-+.) first saw the glint of sunlight specularly reflected off of Titan's lakes. We develop a quantitative model for analyzing the photometric lightcurve generated during a flyby in which the specularly reflected light flux depends on the fraction of the solar specular footprint that is covered by liquid. We allow for surface waves that spread out the geographic specular intensity distribution. Applying the model to the VIMS 158 observations shows that the waves on Jingpo Lacus must have slopes of no greater than 0.15 degrees, two orders of magnitude flatter than waves on Earth's oceans. Combining the model with theoretical estimates of the intensity of the specular reflection allows a tighter constraint on the waves: <= 0.05 degrees. Residual specular signal while the specular point lies on land implies that either the land is wetted, the wave slope distribution is non-Gaussian, or that 5% of the land off the southwest edge of Jingpo Lacus is covered in puddles. Another specular sequence off of Kraken Mare acquired during Cassini's 159 flyby shows rapid flux changes that the static model cannot reproduce. Points just 1 min apart vary in flux by more than a factor of two. The present dataset does not uniquely determine the mechanism causing these rapid changes. We suggest that changing wind conditions, kilometer-wavelength waves, or moving clouds could account for the variability. Future specular observations should be designed with a fast cadence, at least 6 points per minute, in order to differentiate between these hypotheses. Such new data will further constrain the nature of Titan's lakes and their interactions with Titan's atmosphere. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44035 Nantes, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Ctr Orme M Erisiers, Lab AIM, Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA Sap, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jwbarnes@uidaho.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407; Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU NASA/ESA FX The authors acknowledge support from the NASA/ESA Cassini project. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 722 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600054 ER PT J AU Robutel, P Rambaux, N Castillo-Rogez, J AF Robutel, Philippe Rambaux, Nicolas Castillo-Rogez, Julie TI Analytical description of physical librations of saturnian coorbital satellites Janus and Epimetheus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Celestial mechanics; Resonances, Spin-orbit; Rotational dynamics; Satellites, Shapes; Saturn, Satellites ID SMALL INNER SATELLITES; CO-ORBITAL SATELLITES; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION AB Janus and Epimetheus are famously known for their distinctive horseshoe-shaped orbits resulting from a 1:1 orbital resonance. Every 4 years these two satellites swap their orbits by a few tens of kilometers as a result of their close encounter. Recently Tiscareno et al. (Tiscareno, M.S., Thomas, P.C., Burns, J.A. [2009]. Icarus 204, 254-261) have proposed a model of rotation based on images from the Cassini orbiter. These authors inferred the amplitude of rotational librational motion in longitude at the orbital period by fitting a shape model to Cassini ISS images. By a quasi-periodic approximation of the orbital motion, we describe how the orbital swap impacts the rotation of the satellites. To that purpose, we have developed a formalism based on quasi-periodic series with long- and short-period librations. In this framework, the amplitude of the libration at the orbital period is found proportional to a term accounting for the orbital swap. We checked the analytical quasi-periodic development by performing a numerical simulation and find both results in good agreement. To complete this study, the results obtained for the short-period librations are studied with the help of an adiabatic-like approach. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Robutel, Philippe; Rambaux, Nicolas] Observ Paris, CNRS, IMCCE, ASD,UMR8028, F-75014 Paris, France. [Rambaux, Nicolas] Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. [Castillo-Rogez, Julie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Robutel, P (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, IMCCE, ASD,UMR8028, 77 Ave Denfert Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France. EM robutel@imcce.fr FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Government sponsorship FX The authors thank M. Tiscareno their for numerous comments and useful suggestions. We also thank J. Laskar and S. Boatto for fruitful discussions. Part of this work has been conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 758 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.014 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600057 ER PT J AU Khan, SI Hong, Y Wang, JH Yilmaz, KK Gourley, JJ Adler, RF Brakenridge, GR Policelli, F Habib, S Irwin, D AF Khan, Sadiq I. Hong, Yang Wang, Jiahu Yilmaz, Koray K. Gourley, Jonathan J. Adler, Robert F. Brakenridge, G. Robert Policelli, Fritz Habib, Shahid Irwin, Daniel TI Satellite Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling for Flood Inundation Mapping in Lake Victoria Basin: Implications for Hydrologic Prediction in Ungauged Basins SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Floods; hydrology; optical sensors; rainfall-runoff modeling; satellite precipitation ID COASTAL FLOODPLAIN; FINITE-ELEMENT; RADAR IMAGERY; EXTENT; INFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; ASTER; MODIS; AREA AB Floods are among the most catastrophic natural disasters around the globe impacting human lives and infrastructure. Implementation of a flood prediction system can potentially help mitigate flood-induced hazards. Such a system typically requires implementation and calibration of a hydrologic model using in situ observations (i.e., rain and stream gauges). Recently, satellite remote sensing data have emerged as a viable alternative or supplement to in situ observations due to their availability over vast ungauged regions. The focus of this study is to integrate the best available satellite products within a distributed hydrologic model to characterize the spatial extent of flooding and associated hazards over sparsely gauged or ungauged basins. We present a methodology based entirely on satellite remote sensing data to set up and calibrate a hydrologic model, simulate the spatial extent of flooding, and evaluate the probability of detecting inundated areas. A raster-based distributed hydrologic model, Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST), was implemented for the Nzoia basin, a subbasin of Lake Victoria in Africa. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Terra-based and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-based flood inundation maps were produced over the region and used to benchmark the distributed hydrologic model simulations of inundation areas. The analysis showed the value of integrating satellite data such as precipitation, land cover type, topography, and other products along with space-based flood inundation extents as inputs to the distributed hydrologic model. We conclude that the quantification of flooding spatial extent through optical sensors can help to calibrate and evaluate hydrologic models and, hence, potentially improve hydrologic prediction and flood management strategies in ungauged catchments. C1 [Khan, Sadiq I.; Hong, Yang; Wang, Jiahu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yilmaz, Koray K.; Adler, Robert F.; Policelli, Fritz; Habib, Shahid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] Natl Weather Ctr, NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brakenridge, G. Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Brakenridge, G. Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Irwin, Daniel] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yilmaz, Koray/A-6053-2010; Khan, Sadiq/B-8209-2012; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yilmaz, Koray/0000-0002-6244-8826; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 NR 41 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 47 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2057513 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701SZ UT WOS:000285845000009 ER PT J AU Utku, C Le Vine, DM AF Utku, Cuneyt Le Vine, David M. TI A Model for Prediction of the Impact of Topography on Microwave Emission SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Microwave radiometry; relief; soil moisture; topography ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; SURFACE; SMOS; VEGETATION; RADIOMETER; SALINITY; SPACE AB Topography can be important for future passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture from space. One of the problems in assessing the importance of topography is that a digital elevation model (DEM) for the surface does not provide an intuitive estimation of when topography will be important. This is especially true given the large footprint of L-band radiometers on future space missions such as the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Aquarius and the Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) missions. To address this issue, the DEM has been replaced with a probability density function (pdf) for slopes. It is shown that the slope pdf can be separated into "smooth" and "rough" distributions that provide insight into when topography will be important. The model is applied to the site of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04) in Arizona, and to the site of the Australian Airborne Cal/Val Experiment for SMOS (AACES) and shown to produce results comparable to the direct application of the DEM. C1 [Utku, Cuneyt] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Le Vine, David M.] NASA, Ocean Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Utku, C (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2053936 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701TA UT WOS:000285845100008 ER PT J AU Le Vine, DM Dinnat, EP Jacob, SD Abraham, S de Matthaeis, P AF Le Vine, David M. Dinnat, Emmanuel P. Jacob, S. Daniel Abraham, Saji de Matthaeis, Paolo TI Impact of Antenna Pattern on Measurement of the Third Stokes Parameter From Space at L-Band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Microwave radiometer; microwave radiometer polarimetry; microwave remote sensing ID SEA-SURFACE SALINITY; FARADAY-ROTATION; RADIOMETER; AQUARIUS; IONOSPHERE; WINDSAT AB The third Stokes parameter will be observed from space for the first time at L-band by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and Aquarius/SAC-D satellites. The correlation between polarizations, which is the source of the third Stokes parameter, is of interest at L-band to measure Faraday rotation and also to indicate novel features of the surface. However, spurious signals (false indication of correlation) can occur in the third Stokes parameter. For example, this happens when the radiometer crosses boundaries associated with a large change in brightness temperature, such as land-water boundaries. In this paper, calculations with the Aquarius radiometer antennas will be used to show that these spurious signals are due to the cross-polarization coupling and large beamwidth associated with realistic L-band antennas in space. C1 [Le Vine, David M.; Dinnat, Emmanuel P.; Jacob, S. Daniel; de Matthaeis, Paolo] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.M.LeVine@nasa.gov RI Dinnat, Emmanuel/D-7064-2012 OI Dinnat, Emmanuel/0000-0001-9003-1182 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051953 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701TA UT WOS:000285845100009 ER PT J AU Eastman, RD Netanyahu, NS Le Moigne, J AF Eastman, Roger D. Netanyahu, Nathan S. Le Moigne, Jacqueline BE LeMoigne, J Netanyahu, NS Eastman, RD TI Survey of image registration methods SO IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFORMATION-BASED REGISTRATION; REMOTE-SENSING IMAGES; RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES; INTEREST POINT DETECTORS; MUTUAL-INFORMATION; AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION; SUBPIXEL REGISTRATION; SIMILARITY MEASURES; INTERPOLATION ARTIFACTS; STOCHASTIC GRADIENT C1 [Eastman, Roger D.] Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Bar Ilan Univ, IL-52100 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Le Moigne, Jacqueline] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Eastman, RD (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 184 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52151-611-2 PY 2011 BP 35 EP 76 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511777684 PG 42 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BWC01 UT WOS:000293386100004 ER PT J AU Le Moigne, J Netanyahu, NS Eastman, RD AF Le Moigne, Jacqueline Netanyahu, Nathan S. Eastman, Roger D. BE LeMoigne, J Netanyahu, NS Eastman, RD TI IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR REMOTE SENSING Concluding remarks SO IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Le Moigne, Jacqueline] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Bar Ilan Univ, IL-52100 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eastman, Roger D.] Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Le Moigne, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52151-611-2 PY 2011 BP 475 EP 477 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BWC01 UT WOS:000293386100024 ER PT J AU Orasanu, J Lieberman, P AF Orasanu, Judith Lieberman, Phil BE Mosier, KL Fischer, UM TI NDM Issues in Extreme Environments SO INFORMED BY KNOWLEDGE: EXPERT PERFORMANCE IN COMPLEX SITUATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) CY JUN 03-06, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID SHUTTLE/MIR SPACE MISSIONS; DECISION-MAKING; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; BASAL GANGLIA; PERFORMANCE; LEADERSHIP; SPACEFLIGHT; PERSONALITY; MANAGEMENT C1 [Orasanu, Judith] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lieberman, Phil] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Orasanu, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA Behavioral Health and Performance Element of the Human Research Program FX Preparation of this chapter was supported by the NASA Behavioral Health and Performance Element of the Human Research Program. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13694-511-3 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA BG9BI UT WOS:000392974000001 ER PT B AU Nunes, AC AF Nunes, Arthur C., Jr. BE Schwartz, M TI Friction Stir Welding SO INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS MANUFACTURING, FABRICATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Nunes, AC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8216-6; 978-1-4200-8215-9 PY 2011 BP 137 EP 165 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC7CD UT WOS:000354734500007 ER PT B AU Chuang, KC AF Chuang, Kathy C. BE Schwartz, M TI Low Melt Viscosity Imide Resins for Resin Transfer Molding SO INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS MANUFACTURING, FABRICATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; ISOMERIC BIPHENYL POLYIMIDES; THERMOOXIDATIVE STABILITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COMPOSITES; OLIGOMERS; FABRICATION; ANHYDRIDES; POLYMERIZATION; DIANHYDRIDE C1 NASA, Struct & Mat Div, Polymer Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Chuang, KC (reprint author), NASA, Struct & Mat Div, Polymer Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8216-6; 978-1-4200-8215-9 PY 2011 BP 629 EP 658 PG 30 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC7CD UT WOS:000354734500022 ER PT S AU Jenkins, JM Dunnuck, J AF Jenkins, Jon M. Dunnuck, Jeb BE Hoover, RB Davies, PCW Levin, GV Rozanov, AY TI The Little Photometer That Could: Technical Challenges and Science Results from the Kepler Mission SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XIV CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler Mission; exoplanet; transit; photometry; data compression; systematic error correction ID PLANETS; CANDIDATES; HAT-P-7B; SYSTEM; STARS AB The Kepler spacecraft launched on March 7, 2009, initiating NASA's first search for Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars. Since launch, Kepler has announced the discovery of 17 exoplanets, including a system of six transiting a Sun-like star, Kepler-11, and the first confirmed rocky planet, Kepler-10b, with a radius of 1.4 that of Earth. Kepler is proving to be a cornucopia of discoveries: it has identified over 1200 candidate planets based on the first 120 days of observations, including 54 that are in or near the habitable zone of their stars, and 68 that are 1.2 Earth radii or smaller. An astounding 408 of these planetary candidates are found in 170 multiple systems, demonstrating the compactness and flatness of planetary systems composed of small planets. Never before has there been a photometer capable of reaching a precision near 20 ppm in 6.5 hours and capable of conducting nearly continuous and uninterrupted observations for months to years. In addition to exoplanets, Kepler is providing a wealth of astrophysics, and is revolutionizing the field of asteroseismology. Designing and building the Kepler photometer and the software systems that process and analyze the resulting data to make the discoveries presented a daunting set of challenges, including how to manage the large data volume. The challenges continue into flight operations, as the photometer is sensitive to its thermal environment, complicating the task of detecting 84 ppm drops in brightness corresponding to Earth-size planets transiting Sun-like stars. C1 [Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jenkins, JM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Jon.Jenkins@nasa.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-762-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8152 AR 814602 DI 10.1117/12.897767 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology; Optics GA BXH10 UT WOS:000296107200001 ER PT S AU Howard, JM AF Howard, Joseph M. BE Andersen, T Enmark, A TI Optical Integrated Modeling activities for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems CY AUG 15-17, 2011 CL Kiruna, SWEDEN SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ AB This paper summarizes the optical integrated modeling efforts for the James Webb Space Telescope reported from 2003 to 2009. The topics include: 1) development of the linear optical model (or LOM), 2) the extension of the LOM to a field of view, 3) tolerance analysis of figure and alignment modes of the telescope, 4) introduction of math software toolkits, 5) system level modeling and closed loop alignment updates of the observatory on orbit, and 6) primary mirror figure compensation of large figure aberration. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Howard, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Joseph.M.Howard@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-993-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8336 AR 83360E DI 10.1117/12.916844 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC41 UT WOS:000297925400014 ER PT S AU Muheim, DM Menzel, MT AF Muheim, Danniella M. Menzel, Michael T. BE Andersen, T Enmark, A TI Systems Modeling in the Design and Verification of the James Webb Space Telescope SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems CY AUG 15-17, 2011 CL Kiruna, SWEDEN SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ DE infrared; mid-infrared; image quality; analysis; integrated modeling AB The James Web Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope. System-level verification of critical performance requirements will rely on integrated observatory models that predict optical response accurately enough to verify that the allocated top-level wavefront error of 150 nm root-mean-squared (rms) through to wavefront sensor focal plane is met. The assembled models themselves are complex and require the insight of technical experts working as a team across multiple disciplines and organizations. Furthermore, responses in several key disciplines are strongly cross-coupled. This paper describes the breadth of the systems engineering and modeling approach used on the JWST including technical performance metrics management. The scope of the systems-level modeling includes stowed dynamics, deployed dynamics, thermal, thermal distortion, straylight, optics and attitude control systems. C1 [Muheim, Danniella M.; Menzel, Michael T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Muheim, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM danniella.muheim@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-993-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8336 AR 833603 DI 10.1117/12.915589 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC41 UT WOS:000297925400003 ER PT S AU Nissly, C Seo, BJ Troy, M Angeli, G Cho, M Ellerbroek, B Piatrou, P Roberts, LC Shelton, JC Wang, LQ AF Nissly, Carl Seo, Byoung-Joon Troy, Mitchell Angeli, George Cho, Myung Ellerbroek, Brent Piatrou, Piotr Roberts, Lewis C., Jr. Shelton, J. Chris Wang, Lianqi BE Andersen, T Enmark, A TI High Fidelity Optical Modeling for the TMT SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems CY AUG 15-17, 2011 CL Kiruna, SWEDEN SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ DE Thirty Meter Telescope; Normalized Point Source Sensitivity; Optical Modeling; MACOS; APS; TMTracer; M1CS; OIWFS; NFIRAOS; MAOS; PFI AB The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a Ritchey-Chritien optical telescope with a 30-meter diameter primary mirror made up of 492 hexagonal segments. Such a large and complex optical system requires detailed modeling of the optical performance during the design phase. An optical modeling computational framework has been developed to support activities related to wavefront & image performance prediction. The model includes effects related to mirror shape sensing & control, mirror alignment & phasing, M1 segment control, low order wavefront correction, adaptive optics simulation for high order wavefront correction, and high contrast imaging. Here we give an overview of this optical simulation framework, the modeling tools and algorithms that are used, and a set of sample analyses. These tools have been used in many aspects of the system design process from mirror specification to instrument & sensor design to algorithm development and beyond. C1 [Nissly, Carl; Seo, Byoung-Joon; Troy, Mitchell; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.; Shelton, J. Chris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nissly, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Carl.R.Nissly@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-993-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8336 AR 83360B DI 10.1117/12.918708 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC41 UT WOS:000297925400011 ER PT S AU Redding, D Lou, JZ Kissil, A Bradford, M Padin, S Woody, D AF Redding, David Lou, John Z. Kissil, Andy Bradford, Matt Padin, Steve Woody, David BE Andersen, T Enmark, A TI Model-Based Wavefront Control for CCAT SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems CY AUG 15-17, 2011 CL Kiruna, SWEDEN SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ DE Segmented mirror; wavefront control; edge sensors; Kalman filter AB The 25-m aperture CCAT submillimeter-wave telescope will have a primary mirror that is divided into 162 individual segments, each of which is provided with 3 positioning actuators. CCAT will be equipped with innovative Imaging Displacement Sensors (IDS) - inexpensive optical edge sensors - capable of accurately measuring all segment relative motions. These measurements are used in a Kalman-filter-based Optical State Estimator to estimate wavefront errors, permitting use of a minimum-wavefront controller without direct wavefront measurement. This controller corrects the optical impact of errors in 6 degrees of freedom per segment, including lateral translations of the segments, using only the 3 actuated degrees of freedom per segment. The edge sensors do not measure the global motions of the Primary and Secondary Mirrors. These are controlled using a gravity-sag look-up table. Predicted performance is illustrated by simulated response to errors such as gravity sag. C1 [Redding, David; Lou, John Z.; Kissil, Andy; Bradford, Matt] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Redding, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-993-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8336 AR 83360Q DI 10.1117/12.916694 PG 27 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC41 UT WOS:000297925400026 ER PT S AU Shiri, S Howard, JM Aronstein, DL AF Shiri, Shahram (Ron) Howard, Joseph M. Aronstein, David L. BE Andersen, T Enmark, A TI Alignment Estimation and Control of the James Webb Space Telescope Mirrors Using Decomposition of an Influence Matrix SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems CY AUG 15-17, 2011 CL Kiruna, SWEDEN SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ DE Control; influence matrix; singular value decomposition AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a three-mirror anastigmatic telescope. For a "blind" telescope alignment estimation and control study at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), influence functions for each of the primary mirror's 18 segments (6 degrees of freedom each) and for the secondary mirror (5 degrees of freedom) were used to construct a 113-element influence matrix. The singular value vector obtained from pseudoinverse of this influence matrix indicates that the most dominant modes in the control of the telescope are rotation, piston, clocking and translation, in order of significance. The application of an iterative-control algorithm to ten cases of random misalignments, involving both the primary segmented mirror and secondary mirror, shows strong convergence after 5 iterations in most of the cases. C1 [Shiri, Shahram (Ron); Howard, Joseph M.; Aronstein, David L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shiri, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-993-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8336 AR 83360T DI 10.1117/12.916794 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC41 UT WOS:000297925400029 ER PT S AU Smith, JS Dean, BH Rilee, A Zielinski, TP AF Smith, J. Scott Dean, Bruce H. Rilee, Alexander Zielinski, Thomas P. BE Andersen, T Enmark, A TI Parallel-Computing Architecture for JWST Wavefront-Sensing and Integrated Modeling SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems CY AUG 15-17, 2011 CL Kiruna, SWEDEN SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ DE phase retrieval; wavefront sensing; James Webb Space Telescope (JWST); Graphics Processing Units (GPU); Central Processing Unit (CPU) ID PHASE-RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; DIFFRACTION PLANE PICTURES; IMAGE AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope and will be NASA's premier observatory of the next decade. Image-based wavefront sensing (phase retrieval) is the primary method for ground testing and on-orbit commissioning. For ground tests at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and Johnson Space Center (JSC), near-real-time analysis is critical for ensuring that pass/fail criteria are met before completion of a specific test. To address this need we have developed a computational architecture for image processing and phase retrieval. Using commercially available off-the-shelf hardware and software, we have designed, implemented, and tested a solution for high-speed parallel computing. The architecture is a hybrid solution utilizing both CPUs and GPUs and exploiting the unique advantages of each. Discussions are presented of the architecture, performance, and current limitations. C1 [Smith, J. Scott; Dean, Bruce H.; Rilee, Alexander; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, JS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-993-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8336 AR 83360Y DI 10.1117/12.920199 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC41 UT WOS:000297925400034 ER PT J AU Vachtsevanos, G Goebel, K AF Vachtsevanos, George Goebel, Kai BE Jennions, IK TI Basic Principles SO INTEGRATED VEHICLE HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON AN EMERGING FIELD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECONVOLUTION C1 [Vachtsevanos, George] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA. RP Vachtsevanos, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAE INTERNATIONAL PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA BN 978-0-7680-6432-2 PY 2011 BP 55 EP 65 D2 10.4271/R-405 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA BHN99 UT WOS:000326023900006 ER PT J AU Goebel, K Vachtsevanos, G AF Goebel, Kai Vachtsevanos, George BE Jennions, IK TI Algorithms and Their Impact on Integrated Vehicle Health Management SO INTEGRATED VEHICLE HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON AN EMERGING FIELD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TIME-SERIES C1 [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA. [Vachtsevanos, George] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Goebel, K (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAE INTERNATIONAL PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA BN 978-0-7680-6432-2 PY 2011 BP 67 EP 76 D2 10.4271/R-405 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA BHN99 UT WOS:000326023900007 ER PT J AU Srivastava, AN Mylaraswamy, D Mah, RW Cooper, EG AF Srivastava, Ashok N. Mylaraswamy, Dinkar Mah, Robert W. Cooper, Eric G. BE Jennions, IK TI Vehicle-Level Reasoning Systems: Integrating System-Wide Data to Estimate the Instantaneous Health State SO INTEGRATED VEHICLE HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON AN EMERGING FIELD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Srivastava, Ashok N.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Data Understanding Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Mah, Robert W.; Cooper, Eric G.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Srivastava, AN (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Data Understanding Grp, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAE INTERNATIONAL PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA BN 978-0-7680-6432-2 PY 2011 BP 99 EP 111 D2 10.4271/R-405 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA BHN99 UT WOS:000326023900010 ER PT J AU Tinsley, CH AF Tinsley, Catherine H. BE Fischhoff, B Chauvin, C TI Social Categorization and Intergroup Dynamics SO INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS: BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMMON INGROUP IDENTITY; IN-GROUP; ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS; CONTACT HYPOTHESIS; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; SELF; COOPERATION; PERCEPTION; CHOICE; BIAS C1 [Tinsley, Catherine H.] Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Tinsley, Catherine H.] Univ Basel, Coll Law & Econ, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. [Tinsley, Catherine H.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Tinsley, CH (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 138 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-17698-9 PY 2011 BP 197 EP 223 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4IE UT WOS:000352541500013 ER PT J AU Van Zante, D AF Van Zante, Dale TI Large-scale simulations for turbine engine core noise SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article AB As turbofan engine bypass ratios continue to increase, the contribution of the turbine to the engine and aircraft noise signature is receiving more attention. Understanding the relative importance of the various turbine noise generation mechanisms and the characteristics of the turbine acoustic transmission loss are essential ingredients in developing robust reduced-order models for predicting the turbine noise signature. A computationally based investigation has been undertaken to help guide the development of a turbine noise prediction capability that does not rely on empiricism. Under the auspices of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, NASA is currently funding core noise research focused on the generation and propagation mechanisms of combustor and turbine noise in the combustor-turbine-nozzle system. Highly detailed numerical simulations of the unsteady flow field inside the first stage of a modern high-pressure turbine were carried out using TURBO. Spectral and modal analysis of the unsteady pressure data from the numerical simulation of the turbine stage show a circumferential modal distribution that is consistent with the Tyler-Sofrin rule, which gives confidence in the approach. Additionally, initial steps have been taken in determining the source strength hierarchy. C1 NASA, Acoust Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Van Zante, D (reprint author), NASA, Acoust Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Dale.E.VanZante@nasa.gov FU NASA FX This work was sponsored by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic Fixed Wing Project under a milestone to develop/improve/validate hybrid models for combustor-turbine coupling and turbine acoustic transmission effects. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 670GH UT WOS:000283408700005 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ME AF Goldstein, M. E. TI Recent developments in the application of the Generalized Acoustic Analogy to jet noise prediction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID EDDY SIMULATION; SOUND; AEROACOUSTICS; FLOW; EQUATION AB The Generalized Acoustic Analogy provides a logical framework for the prediction of aerodynamically generated sound. This paper reviews some recent developments in the use of this analogy for the prediction of noise from high speed air jets. Other approaches to jet noise prediction are not discussed. Recent advances in accounting for non-parallel mean flow and temperature effects are described. The results suggest that the former effect is more important than previously believed. They also suggest that previously neglected coupling between momentum flux and enthalpy flux fluctuations can be an important source of noise in high Mach number heated jets. Some recent improvements in acoustic source modeling are also summarized. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Goldstein, ME (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM marvine.goldstein@nasa.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 89 EP 115 PG 27 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 758QM UT WOS:000290180000002 ER PT J AU Farassat, F Myers, MK AF Farassat, F. Myers, M. K. TI Multidimensional generalized functions in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics-Part 1: basic concepts and operations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; FORMULA AB This paper is the first part of a three part tutorial on multidimensional generalized functions (GFs) and their applications in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics. The subject is fascinating and essential in many areas of science and, in particular, wave propagation problems. In this tutorial, we strive to present rigorously and clearly the basic concepts and the tools that are needed to use GFs in applications effectively and with ease. We give many examples to help the readers in understanding the mathematical ideas presented here. The first part of the tutorial is on the basic concepts of GFs. Here we define GFs, their properties and some common operations on them. We define the important concept of generalized differentiation and then give some interesting elementary and advanced examples on Green's functions and wave propagation problems. Here, the analytic power of GFs in applications is demonstrated with ease and elegance. Part 2 of this tutorial is on the diverse applications of generalized derivatives (GDs). Part 3 is on generalized Fourier transformations and some more advanced topics. One goal of writing this tutorial is to convince readers that, because of their powerful operational properties, GFs are essential and useful in engineering and physics, particularly in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics. C1 [Farassat, F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Myers, M. K.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Farassat, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM feri.farassat@nasa.gov; mkmyers@gwu.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 161 EP 199 PG 39 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 758QM UT WOS:000290180000004 ER PT J AU Cable, TL Setlock, JA Farmer, SC Eckel, AJ AF Cable, Thomas L. Setlock, John A. Farmer, Serene C. Eckel, Andrew J. TI Regenerative Performance of the NASA Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE AB The NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a novel cell design and a novel ceramic fabrication technique to produce solid oxide fuel cells predicted to exceed a specific power density of 1.0 kW/kg. The NASA cell has taken a different approach among planar designs, by removing the metal interconnect and returning to the use of a thin, Ca-doped LaCrO(3) interconnect. The cell is structurally symmetrical. Both electrodes support the thin electrolyte and contain microchannels for gas flow, a geometry referred to as a bielectrode-supported cell. Electrolysis tests verify high electrochemical voltage efficiencies and high H(2)O conversion percentages. C1 [Cable, Thomas L.; Setlock, John A.; Farmer, Serene C.; Eckel, Andrew J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ceram Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Cable, Thomas L.; Setlock, John A.] Univ Toledo, MIME Dept, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Cable, TL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ceram Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM thomas.l.cable@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02477.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703HI UT WOS:000285968600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, YX Sun, S Olsen, SC Dubey, MK He, JH AF Zhang, Yongxin Sun, Shan Olsen, Seth C. Dubey, Manvendra K. He, Jinhai TI CCSM3 simulated regional effects of anthropogenic aerosols for two contrasting scenarios: rising Asian emissions and global reduction of aerosols SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol effects; CCSM3; ENSO; teleconnection ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUDS; MODEL VERSION-3 CCSM3; CLIMATE; POLLUTION; MONSOON; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; CHINA AB This paper examines the effects of two largely contrasting aerosol emissions scenarios on regional climate using National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model version 3: (1) increasing the anthropogenic aerosols over China and India by a factor of three and (2) reducing the global anthropogenic aerosols by a factor of 10. Dynamic footprints of the increased Asian aerosols with monthly variations are obtained from Model for OZone And Related chemical Tracers simulations. Increasing Asian aerosol emissions would result in cooling and reduction of precipitation over China and India, with large warming over the USA and southern Canada in winter and cooling in summer. Additionally, large changes in rainfall rate are identified over the tropical regions. In contrast, reducing the global aerosol emissions by a factor of 10 would significantly warm the atmosphere especially over the polluted land areas of both hemispheres. Increases in rainfall over polluted land areas are also noted. Deepening of the Aleutian low and weakening of the Icelandic low in winter are noted in the 500-mb geopotential height under both scenarios suggesting a strengthening of the North Pacific storm track and weakening of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The polar regions of winter hemisphere are subject to large changes in the 500-mb geopotential height. Teleconnection patterns associated with ENSO play important roles in causing large changes in surface air temperature and rainfall far away from the source regions of the altered aerosol concentrations. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Zhang, Yongxin] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Sun, Shan] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Olsen, Seth C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [He, Jinhai] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, YX (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, POB 1700 Sta CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM yongxin.fred@gmail.com RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [LA-UR-07-3930, LDRD200500014DR]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [2006CB403705]; National Science Foundation FX This work (LA-UR-07-3930) was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory through the Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD) Program (Project Number: LDRD200500014DR; PI: Dr. Manvendra K. Dubey). Support was also provided to Y. Zhang by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the 973 Program (Grant Number: 2006CB403705; PI: Prof. Jinhai He). Three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. The model simulations were performed at the NCAR Computational and Information System Laboratory (CISL). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1002/joc.2060 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 703AE UT WOS:000285936200009 ER PT J AU Joshi, SM Tao, G Patre, P AF Joshi, Suresh M. Tao, Gang Patre, Parag TI Direct adaptive control using an adaptive reference model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; adaptive reference model; plant-model mismatch; mismatch estimation; hybrid adaptive control AB Direct model reference adaptive control is considered when the plant-model matching conditions are violated due to large changes in the plant or incorrect knowledge of the plant's mathematical structure. Because of the mismatch, the plant can no longer track the original reference model, but may be able to track a modified reference model that still provides satisfactory performance. The proposed approach uses a time-varying 'adaptive' reference model that reflects the achievable performance of the changed plant. The approach consists of direct adaptation of state feedback gains for state tracking and simultaneous estimation of the plant-model mismatch. The reference model adapts to the changed plant, and is redesigned if the estimated plant-model mismatch exceeds a bound determined via robust stability and/or performance criteria. The resulting controller offers asymptotic state tracking in the presence of plant-model mismatch as well as matched parameter deviations. C1 [Joshi, Suresh M.; Patre, Parag] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Tao, Gang] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Joshi, SM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 308, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM suresh.m.joshi@nasa.gov FU NASA at Langley Research Center FX The authors are grateful to Prof. Carsten Scherer of University of Stuttgart for his help with LMI implementation. The third author would like to acknowledge the support of the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 BP 180 EP 196 DI 10.1080/00207179.2010.544756 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 717DH UT WOS:000287022800014 ER PT J AU Yang, CW Goodchild, M Huang, QY Nebert, D Raskin, R Xu, Y Bambacus, M Fay, D AF Yang, Chaowei Goodchild, Michael Huang, Qunying Nebert, Doug Raskin, Robert Xu, Yan Bambacus, Myra Fay, Daniel TI Spatial cloud computing: how can the geospatial sciences use and help shape cloud computing? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE digital earth; Cyber GIS; geodynamics; space-time; high-performance computing; geospatial cyberinfrastructure ID SPATIOTEMPORAL DATASETS; FRAMEWORK; SERVICE; SCALE; EARTH; GENERATION; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; SYSTEM AB The geospatial sciences face grand information technology (IT) challenges in the twenty-first century: data intensity, computing intensity, concurrent access intensity and spatiotemporal intensity. These challenges require the readiness of a computing infrastructure that can: (1) better support discovery, access and utilization of data and data processing so as to relieve scientists and engineers of IT tasks and focus on scientific discoveries; (2) provide real-time IT resources to enable real-time applications, such as emergency response; (3) deal with access spikes; and (4) provide more reliable and scalable service for massive numbers of concurrent users to advance public knowledge. The emergence of cloud computing provides a potential solution with an elastic, on-demand computing platform to integrate - observation systems, parameter extracting algorithms, phenomena simulations, analytical visualization and decision support, and to provide social impact and user feedback - the essential elements of the geospatial sciences. We discuss the utilization of cloud computing to support the intensities of geospatial sciences by reporting from our investigations on how cloud computing could enable the geospatial sciences and how spatiotemporal principles, the kernel of the geospatial sciences, could be utilized to ensure the benefits of cloud computing. Four research examples are presented to analyze how to: (1) search, access and utilize geospatial data; (2) configure computing infrastructure to enable the computability of intensive simulation models; (3) disseminate and utilize research results for massive numbers of concurrent users; and (4) adopt spatiotemporal principles to support spatiotemporal intensive applications. The paper concludes with a discussion of opportunities and challenges for spatial cloud computing (SCC). C1 [Yang, Chaowei; Huang, Qunying] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yang, Chaowei; Huang, Qunying] George Mason Univ, Ctr Intelligent Spatial Comp, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Goodchild, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Nebert, Doug] Fed Geog Data Comm, Natl Ctr 590, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Raskin, Robert] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Xu, Yan; Fay, Daniel] Microsoft Corp, Microsoft Res Connect, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Bambacus, Myra] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yang, CW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cyang3@gmu.edu RI zong, fico/H-4677-2011; Yang, Chaowei/A-9881-2017; OI Yang, Chaowei/0000-0001-7768-4066 FU NASA [NNX07AD99G, SMD-09-1448]; FGDC [G09AC00103] FX We thank Drs. Huadong Guo and Changlin Wang for inviting us to write this definition and field review paper. Research reported is partially supported by NASA (NNX07AD99G and SMD-09-1448), FGDC (G09AC00103), and Environmental Informatics Framework of the Earth, Energy, and Environment Program at Microsoft Research Connection. We thank insightful comments from reviewers including Dr. Aijun Chen (NASA/GMU), Dr. Thomas Huang (NASA JPL), Dr. Cao Kang (Clark Univ.), Krishna Kumar (Microsoft), Dr. Wenwen Li (UCSB), Dr. Michael Peterson (University of Nebraska-Omaha), Dr. Xuan Shi (Geogia Tech), Dr. Tong Zhang (Wuhan University), Jinesh Varia (Amazon) and an anonymous reviewer. This paper is a result from the collaborations/discussions with colleagues from NASA, FGDC, USGS, EPA, GSA, Microsoft, ESIP, AAG CISG, CPGIS, UCGIS, GEO, and ISDE. NR 82 TC 103 Z9 123 U1 11 U2 69 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 305 EP 329 AR PII 938806602 DI 10.1080/17538947.2011.587547 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 780PI UT WOS:000291870000003 ER PT J AU Foster, JL Hall, DK Eylander, JB Riggs, GA Nghiem, SV Tedesco, M Kim, E Montesano, PM Kelly, REJ Casey, KA Choudhury, B AF Foster, James L. Hall, Dorothy K. Eylander, John B. Riggs, George A. Nghiem, Son V. Tedesco, Marco Kim, Edward Montesano, Paul M. Kelly, Richard E. J. Casey, Kimberly A. Choudhury, Bhaskar TI A blended global snow product using visible, passive microwave and scatterometer satellite data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; WATER EQUIVALENT; COVER PRODUCTS; AMSR-E; MODIS; ALGORITHM; SENSORS; CANADA; EXTENT; MODEL AB A joint US Air Force/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) blended global snow product that uses Earth Observation System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT or QSCAT) data has been developed. Existing snow products derived from these sensors have been blended into a single, global, daily, user-friendly product by using a newly developed Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA)/NASA Snow Algorithm (ANSA). This initial blended snow product uses minimal modelling to expeditiously yield improved snow products, which include, or will include, snow-cover extent, fractional snow cover, snow water equivalent (SWE), onset of snowmelt and identification of actively melting snow cover. The blended snow products are currently 25-km resolution. These products are validated with data from the lower Great Lakes region of the USA, from Colorado obtained during the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX), and from Finland. The AMSR-E product is especially useful in detecting snow through clouds; however, passive microwave data miss snow in those regions where the snow cover is thin, along the margins of the continental snowline, and on the lee side of the Rocky Mountains, for instance. In these regions, the MODIS product can map shallow snow cover under cloud-free conditions. The confidence for mapping snow-cover extent is greater with the MODIS product than with the microwave product when cloud-free MODIS observations are available. Therefore, the MODIS product is used as the default for detecting snow cover. The passive microwave product is used as the default only in those areas where MODIS data are not applicable due to the presence of clouds and darkness. The AMSR-E snow product is used in association with the difference between ascending and descending satellite passes or diurnal-amplitude variations (DAV) to detect the onset of melt, and a QSCAT product will be used to map areas of snow that are actively melting. C1 [Foster, James L.; Hall, Dorothy K.; Kim, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Eylander, John B.] HQ AF Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE USA. [Riggs, George A.; Montesano, Paul M.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Lanham, MD USA. [Nghiem, Son V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tedesco, Marco] CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kelly, Richard E. J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Casey, Kimberly A.; Choudhury, Bhaskar] Wylie Labs Inc, Mclean, VA USA. RP Foster, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM James.L.Foster@nasa.gov RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Casey, Kimberly/A-4478-2013; Tedesco, Marco/F-7986-2015 OI Casey, Kimberly/0000-0002-6115-7525; FU NASA FX The research carried out at the Goddard Space Flight Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was performed under an agreement with the Air Force Weather Agency and was also supported by NASA's Hydrology Program. NR 46 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1395 DI 10.1080/01431160903548013 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 739DN UT WOS:000288693800010 ER PT J AU Xie, Y Xiong, XX Qu, JJ Che, NZ Summers, ME AF Xie, Yong Xiong, Xiaoxiong Qu, John J. Che, Nianzeng Summers, Michael E. TI Impact analysis of MODIS band-to-band registration on its measurements and science data products SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; ORBIT SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION; WATER; VEGETATION; TERRA; AQUA AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has 36 spectral bands allocated on four focal plane assemblies (FPAs). Misregistration between bands, namely the band-to-band registration (BBR) shift, has been observed by the on-orbit calibrators. Because of this misregistration, measurements over slightly mismatched areas from different spectral bands can lead to less accurate science data products when they are used together. In this article, the impact caused by the BBR shift on Level 1B (L1B) measurements is assessed. The relative error is fairly large at both ends of a swath in the scan direction because of the bow-tie effect. In the track direction, the impact has a quasi-linear trend. In practice, the impact of misregistration on L1B measurements is less than 0.1%. The estimation of the potential impact on science data products caused by misregistration is performed with a case study. As expected, the impact on science data products is negligible at homogeneous areas but becomes larger at non-homogeneous areas. C1 [Xie, Yong; Qu, John J.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Che, Nianzeng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Xie, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM yxie2u@gmail.com FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) FX We thank the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for supporting this study. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 16 BP 4431 EP 4444 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.486808 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866GE UT WOS:000298367700001 ER PT J AU Huang, XD Xie, HJ Liang, TG Yi, DH AF Huang, Xiaodong Xie, Hongjie Liang, Tiangang Yi, Donghui TI Estimating vertical error of SRTM and map-based DEMs using ICESat altimetry data in the eastern Tibetan Plateau SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; LASER ALTIMETER; FIELD DATA; C-BAND; MISSION; HEIGHT; TERRAIN; RANGE AB The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides elevation data with very high accuracy which can be used as ground data to evaluate the vertical accuracy of an existing Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In this article, we examine the differences between ICESat elevation data (from the 1064 nm channel) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM of 3 arcsec resolution (90 m) and map-based DEMs in the Qinghai-Tibet (or Tibetan) Plateau, China. Both DEMs are linearly correlated with ICESat elevation for different land covers and the SRTM DEM shows a stronger correlation with ICESat elevations than the map-based DEM on all land-cover types. The statistics indicate that land cover, surface slope and roughness influence the vertical accuracy of the two DEMs. The standard deviation of the elevation differences between the two DEMs and the ICESat elevation gradually increases as the vegetation stands, terrain slope or surface roughness increase. The SRTM DEM consistently shows a smaller vertical error than the map-based DEM. The overall means and standard deviations of the elevation differences between ICESat and SRTM DEM and between ICESat and the map-based DEM over the study area are 1.03 +/- 15.20 and 4.58 +/- 26.01 m, respectively. Our results suggest that the SRTM DEM has a higher accuracy than the map-based DEM of the region. It is found that ICESat elevation increases when snow is falling and decreases during snow or glacier melting, while the SRTM DEM gives a relative stable elevation of the snow/land interface or a glacier elevation where the C-band can penetrate through or reach it. Therefore, this makes the SRTM DEM a promising dataset (baseline) for monitoring glacier volume change since 2000. C1 [Huang, Xiaodong; Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Huang, Xiaodong; Liang, Tiangang] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Pastoral Agr Sci & Technol, Minist Agr, Key Lab Grassland Agroecol Syst, Lanzhou 730020, Peoples R China. [Yi, Donghui] SGT Inc, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xie, HJ (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Hongjie.Xie@utsa.edu RI Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210 FU US NASA [NNX08AQ87G]; Chinese Ministry of Education [708089]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [30571316]; China Scholar Council at the University of Texas at San Antonio FX This work was supported in part by US NASA grant (#NNX08AQ87G) and also in part by the Chinese Ministry of Education Project (#708089) and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (#30571316). The first author would like to thank the China Scholar Council for funding to study for one year (09/2007-08/2008) at the University of Texas at San Antonio. The authors would like to thank Burcu Ozsoy-Cicek for help with ICESat data processing and Keying Ye for help with the statistical analysis of the data. Critical review and constructional comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript and are greatly appreciated. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 18 BP 5177 EP 5196 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.495092 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866GP UT WOS:000298368800009 ER PT J AU Kishcha, P Starobinets, B Kalashnikova, O Alpert, P AF Kishcha, Pavel Starobinets, Boris Kalashnikova, Olga Alpert, Pinhas TI Aerosol optical thickness trends and population growth in the Indian subcontinent SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; DEPTH; MODIS; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; BASIN AB The Indian subcontinent occupies 2.4% of the world land mass and is home to similar to 17% of the world population. It is characterized by a wide range of population density (P), significant population growth and high levels of air pollution. The quantification of the effect of urbanization on aerosol optical thickness (AOT) trends was carried out by analysing 8-year (March 2000 to February 2008) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) satellite data. Here we show that over extensive areas with differing population densities, which are significant parts of the Indian subcontinent, (1) the higher the averaged population density the bigger the averaged AOT and (2) the larger the population growth the stronger the increasing trends in AOT. Over the regions with P > 100 persons km (2) (more than 70% of the territory), a population growth of similar to 1.5% year(-1) was accompanied by increasing AOT trends of over 2% year(-1). The presence of the aforementioned AOT trends is evidence of air quality deterioration, in particular in highly populated areas with P > 500 persons km(-2). This situation could worsen with the continued growth of the Indian population. C1 [Kishcha, Pavel; Starobinets, Boris; Alpert, Pinhas] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kalashnikova, Olga] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kishcha, P (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM pavel@cyclone.tau.ac.il FU GLOWA (Global Change and the Hydrological Cycle) Jordan River BMBF-MOST (German Ministry of Science and Technology - Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology) [1946]; NASA Earth Sciences Division; BMBF-MOST [1946]; NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) for providing MODIS and GPCP data and the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center for providing MISR data. This study was supported by the GLOWA (Global Change and the Hydrological Cycle) Jordan River BMBF-MOST (German Ministry of Science and Technology - Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology) project, the BMBF-MOST grant number 1946 on global change. O. Kalashnikova's contribution to this study was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA, and is supported by a grant from the NASA Earth Sciences Division, Climate and Radiation Program, under H. Maring. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 24 BP 9137 EP 9149 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.550333 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866JF UT WOS:000298376000013 ER PT S AU Carabajal, CC Harding, DJ Boy, JP Danielson, JJ Gesch, DB Suchdeo, VP AF Carabajal, Claudia C. Harding, David J. Boy, Jean-Paul Danielson, Jeffrey J. Gesch, Dean B. Suchdeo, Vijay P. BE He, X Xu, J Ferreira, VG TI Evaluation of the Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) Using ICESat Geodetic Control SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIDAR AND RADAR MAPPING 2011: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping - Technologies and Applications CY MAY 26-29, 2011 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hohai Univ, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Int Cartograph Assoc (ICA), Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Int Federat Surveyors (FIG), Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG) DE ICESat; Laser Altimetry; Lidar; SRTM; GMTED2010; Digital Elevation Models; DEM; Geodetic Ground Control Points; GCP; Topography ID SRTM C-BAND; RELIEF AB Supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior (ESI) Program, we are producing a global set of Ground Control Points (GCPs) derived from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) altimetry data. From February of 2003, to October of 2009, ICESat obtained nearly global measurements of land topography (+/-86 degrees latitudes) with unprecedented accuracy, sampling the Earth's surface at discrete similar to 50 m diameter laser footprints spaced 170 m along the altimetry profiles. We apply stringent editing to select the highest quality elevations, and use these GCPs to characterize and quantify spatially varying elevation biases in Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). In this paper, we present an evaluation of the soon to be released Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010). Elevation biases and error statistics have been analyzed as a function of land cover and relief. The GMTED2010 products are a large improvement over previous sources of elevation data at comparable resolutions. RMSEs for all products and terrain conditions are below 7 m and typically are about 4 m. The GMTED2010 products are biased upward with respect to the ICESat GCPs on average by approximately 3 m. C1 [Carabajal, Claudia C.; Suchdeo, Vijay P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Carabajal, CC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012; Boy, Jean-Paul/E-6677-2017; OI Boy, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-0259-209X; Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-933-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8286 AR 82861Y DI 10.1117/12.912776 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BXX69 UT WOS:000297476600070 ER PT S AU Harding, DJ Dabney, PW Valett, S AF Harding, David J. Dabney, Philip W. Valett, Susan BE He, X Xu, J Ferreira, VG TI Polarimetric, two-color, photon-counting laser altimeter measurements of forest canopy structure SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIDAR AND RADAR MAPPING 2011: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping - Technologies and Applications CY MAY 26-29, 2011 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hohai Univ, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Int Cartograph Assoc (ICA), Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Int Federat Surveyors (FIG), Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG) DE Canopy structure; lidar; polarimetry; micropulse; photon counting; waveform; SIMPL; ICESat ID LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; AIRBORNE; VEGETATION AB Laser altimeter measurements of forest stands with distinct structures and compositions have been acquired at 532 nm (green) and 1064 nm (near-infrared) wavelengths and parallel and perpendicular polarization states using the Slope Imaging Multi-polarization Photon Counting Lidar (SIMPL). The micropulse, single photon ranging measurement approach employed by SIMPL provides canopy structure measurements with high vertical and spatial resolution. Using a height distribution analysis method adapted from conventional, 1064 nm, full-waveform lidar remote sensing, the sensitivity of two parameters commonly used for above-ground biomass estimation are compared as a function of wavelength. The results for the height of median energy (HOME) and canopy cover are for the most part very similar, indicating biomass estimations using lidars operating at green and near-infrared wavelengths will yield comparable estimates. The expected detection of increasing depolarization with depth into the canopies due to volume multiple-scattering was not observed, possibly due to the small laser footprint and the small detector field of view used in the SIMPL instrument. The results of this work provide pathfinder information for NASA's ICESat-2 mission that will employ a 532 nm, micropulse, photon counting laser altimeter. C1 [Harding, David J.; Dabney, Philip W.; Valett, Susan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Harding, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.j.harding@nasa.gov RI Dabney, Philip/C-9976-2013; Harding, David/F-5913-2012 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-933-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8286 AR 828629 DI 10.1117/12.913960 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BXX69 UT WOS:000297476600081 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Harding, DJ Krainak, MA Abshire, JB Sun, XL Cavanaugh, J Valett, S Ramos-Izquierdo, L Winkert, T Plants, M Kirchner, C Kamamia, B Hasselbrack, W Filemyr, T AF Yu, Anthony W. Harding, David J. Krainak, Michael A. Abshire, James B. Sun, Xiaoli Cavanaugh, John Valett, Susan Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis Winkert, Tom Plants, Michael Kirchner, Cynthia Kamamia, Brian Hasselbrack, William Filemyr, Timothy BE He, X Xu, J Ferreira, VG TI Development of the Airborne Lidar Surface Topography Simulator SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIDAR AND RADAR MAPPING 2011: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping - Technologies and Applications CY MAY 26-29, 2011 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hohai Univ, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Int Cartograph Assoc (ICA), Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Int Federat Surveyors (FIG), Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG) DE Topography; LIDAR; Remote Sensing; Laser Altimeter; Photon Counting; Micropulse Lidar; LIST; A-LISTS ID MESSENGER MISSION; LASER; MERCURY AB In 2008 we began a three-year NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) funded Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) focused on technology development for the Lidar Surface Topography (LIST) mission. The LIST mission is one of the Earth Science Decadal Survey missions recommended to NASA by the National Research Council (NRC). Our IIP objective is to demonstrate the measurement approach and key technologies needed for a highly efficient swath mapping lidar to meet the goals of the LIST mission. To demonstrate the concept we are developing the Airborne LIST Simulator (A-LISTS) instrument. In this paper we summarize the A-LISTS instrument characteristics and the approaches we are using to advance lidar capabilities and reduce risks for LIST. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Harding, David J.; Krainak, Michael A.; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli; Cavanaugh, John; Valett, Susan; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis; Winkert, Tom; Plants, Michael; Kirchner, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-933-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8286 AR 828603 DI 10.1117/12.912564 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BXX69 UT WOS:000297476600003 ER PT S AU Liu, D Miller, I Hostetler, C Cook, A Hair, J AF Liu, Dong Miller, Ian Hostetler, Chris Cook, Anthony Hair, Johnathan BE Amzajerdian, F Chen, W Gao, C Xie, T TI System optimization of a field-widened Michelson interferometric spectral filter for high spectral resolution lidar SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOELECTRONIC DETECTION AND IMAGING 2011: LASER SENSING AND IMAGING AND BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF PHOTONICS SENSING AND IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2011 - Laser Sensing and Imaging and Biological and Medical Applications of Photonics Sensing and Imaging CY MAY 24-26, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Photoelect Technol Profess Comm, CSA, Tianjin Jinhang Inst Tech Phys, CASIC, Sci & Technol Low Light Level Night Vision Lab, Chinese Soc Astronaut DE Field-widened; Michelson interferometer; spectral filter; high spectral resolution lidar; system optimization ID EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS; AEROSOL; INVERSION; PROFILES AB High spectral resolution lidars (HSRLs) have recently shown great value in aerosol measurements form aircraft and are being called for in future space-based aerosol remote sensing applications. A quasi-monolithic field-widened, off-axis Michelson interferometer had been developed as the spectral discrimination filter for an HSRL currently under development at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). The Michelson filter consists of a cubic beam splitter, a solid arm and an air arm. The input light is injected at 1.5 degrees off-axis to provide two output channels: standard Michelson output and the reflected complementary signal. Piezo packs connect the air arm mirror to the main part of the filter that allows it to be tuned within a small range. In this paper, analyses of the throughput wavephase, locking error, AR coating, and tilt angle of the interferometer are described. The transmission ratio for monochromatic light at the transmitted wavelength is used as a figure of merit for assessing each of these parameters. C1 [Liu, Dong; Hostetler, Chris; Cook, Anthony; Hair, Johnathan] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM dong.liu@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-833-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8192 AR 81924N DI 10.1117/12.904037 PN 1 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BWV43 UT WOS:000295055800166 ER PT S AU Calle, CI Thompson, SM Cox, ND Johansen, MR Williams, BS Hogue, MD Clements, JS AF Calle, C. I. Thompson, S. M. Cox, N. D. Johansen, M. R. Williams, B. S. Hogue, M. D. Clements, J. S. BE Meyer, A Egry, I TI Electrostatic precipitation of dust in the Martian atmosphere: Implications for the utilization of resources during future manned exploration missions SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES IN SPACE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physical Sciences in Space (ISPS-4) CY JUL 11-15, 2011 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP ESA, DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, European Space Agcy, German Fed Minist Econ & Technol, ZARM Ctr Appl Space Technol & Micrograv, EADS-Astrium, Kayser-Threde ID DISCHARGE; AEROSOL AB Future human missions to Mars will require the utilization of local resources for oxygen, fuel, and water. The In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) project is an active research endeavor at NASA to develop technologies that can enable cost effective ways to live off the land. The extraction of oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, composed primarily of carbon dioxide, is one of the most important goals of the Mars ISRU project. The main obstacle is the relatively large amount of dust present in the Martian atmosphere. This dust must be efficiently removed from atmospheric gas intakes for ISRU processing chambers. A common technique to achieve this removal on earth is by electrostatic precipitation, where large electrostatic fields are established in a localized region to charge, precipitate and collect dust particles. This technique is difficult to adapt to the Martian environment, with an atmospheric pressure of about one-hundredth of the terrestrial atmosphere. At these low pressures, the corona discharges required to implant an electrostatic charge to the particles to be collected is extremely difficult to sustain and the corona easily transitions to a glow/streamer discharge, which is unsuitable for particle charging. In this paper, we report on our successful efforts to establish a stable corona under Martian simulated conditions. We also present results on dust collecting efficiencies with an electrostatic precipitator prototype that could be effectively used on a future mission to the red planet. C1 [Calle, C. I.; Johansen, M. R.; Hogue, M. D.] NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Calle, CI (reprint author), NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM carlos.i.calle@nasa.gov RI Cox, Nathanael/A-2564-2017 OI Cox, Nathanael/0000-0003-0843-9141 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 327 AR 012048 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/327/1/012048 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BYH49 UT WOS:000298805300048 ER PT J AU Amaral-Zettler, LA Zettler, ER Theroux, SM Palacios, C Aguilera, A Amils, R AF Amaral-Zettler, Linda A. Zettler, Erik R. Theroux, Susanna M. Palacios, Carmen Aguilera, Angeles Amils, Ricardo TI Microbial community structure across the tree of life in the extreme Rio Tinto SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE community phylogenetics; astrobiology; CCA ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; TRAIT EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE DATA; ENVIRONMENT; SPAIN; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; BACTERIAL AB Understanding biotic versus abiotic forces that shape community structure is a fundamental aim of microbial ecology. The acidic and heavy metal extreme Rio Tinto (RT) in southwestern Spain provides a rare opportunity to conduct an ecosystem-wide biodiversity inventory at the level of all three domains of life, because diversity there is low and almost exclusively microbial. Despite improvements in high-throughput DNA sequencing, environmental biodiversity studies that use molecular metrics and consider entire ecosystems are rare. These studies can be prohibitively expensive if domains are considered separately, and differences in copy number of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes can bias estimates of relative abundances of phylotypes recovered. In this study we have overcome these barriers (1) by targeting all three domains in a single polymerase chain reaction amplification and (2) by using a replicated sampling design that allows for incidence-based methods to extract measures of richness and carry out downstream analyses that address community structuring effects. Our work showed that combined bacterial and archaeal richness is an order of magnitude higher than eukaryotic richness. We also found that eukaryotic richness was highest at the most extreme sites, whereas combined bacterial and archaeal richness was highest at less extreme sites. Quantitative community phylogenetics showed abiotic forces to be primarily responsible for shaping the RT community structure. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed co-occurrence of obligate symbionts and their putative hosts that may contribute to biotic forces shaping community structure and may further provide a possible mechanism for persistence of certain low-abundance bacteria encountered in the RT. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 42-50; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.101; published online 15 July 2010 C1 [Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.; Theroux, Susanna M.; Palacios, Carmen] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.; Theroux, Susanna M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Zettler, Erik R.] Sea Educ Assoc, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Zettler, Erik R.; Amils, Ricardo] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Canto Blanco, Spain. [Aguilera, Angeles; Amils, Ricardo] INTA CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain. RP Amaral-Zettler, LA (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, NASA Astrobiol Inst, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM amaral@mbl.edu FU NASA Astrobiology Institute [NC-1054 LAZ]; Ministry of Science and Education [CGL2006/02534/BOS RA]; Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2008-02298/BOS AG]; Spanish Centro de Astrobiologia FX This work was supported by grants from the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NC-1054 LAZ), the Ministry of Science and Education (CGL2006/02534/BOS RA), the Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2008-02298/BOS AG), and by support to CP from the Spanish Centro de Astrobiologia. We thank John Bunge for helpful discussions regarding statistical analyses. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.101 PG 9 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 701TB UT WOS:000285845200005 PM 20631808 ER PT S AU Nemani, R AF Nemani, Ramakrishna BE Panigrahy, S Ray, SS Huete, AR TI NASA EARTH EXCHANGE: NEXT GENERATION EARTH SCIENCE COLLABORATIVE SO ISPRS BHOPAL 2011 WORKSHOP EARTH OBSERVATION FOR TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Bhopal Workshop on Earth Observation for Terrestrial Ecosystem CY NOV 08, 2011 CL Bhopal, INDIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nemani, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2011 VL 38-8 IS W20 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1WG UT WOS:000358386000003 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI Issues in Commuting and Pilot Fatigue: Interim Report Committee on the Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION; INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; WORKING-MEMORY; DOSE-RESPONSE; NEUROCOGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES; DIFFERENTIAL VULNERABILITY; BIOMATHEMATICAL MODELS; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; NEURAL BASIS; SHIFT WORK C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 1 EP + PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800001 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI Issues in Commuting and Pilot Fatigue: Interim Report Committee on the Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue INTRODUCTION SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 3 EP + PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800002 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI COMMUTING IN THE AVIATION CONTEXT SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800003 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI PREVALENCE OF COMMUTING SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800004 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI AVIATION INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS THAT IMPACT COMMUTING SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800005 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI SLEEP, CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, AND FATIGUE SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800006 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI CURRENT REGULATORY PROCESS SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800007 ER PT J AU Oster, CV Berman, BA Caldwell, JL Dinges, DF Graeber, RC Lauber, JK Meyer, DE Rizzo, M Schroeder, DJ Yates, JF Marras, WS Carayon, P Chaffin, D Cooke, NJ Cummings, M Czaja, SJ Imada, AS Karwowski, W Rempel, D Sheridan, TB Wegman, DH Weiss, HM AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr. Berman, Benjamin A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Dinges, David F. Graeber, R. Curtis Lauber, John K. Meyer, David E. Rizzo, Matthew Schroeder, David J. Yates, J. Frank Marras, William S. Carayon, Pascale Chaffin, Don Cooke, Nancy J. Cummings, Mary (Missy) Czaja, Sara J. Imada, Andrew S. Karwowski, Waldemar Rempel, David Sheridan, Thomas B. Wegman, David H. Weiss, Howard M. CA Committee Effects Commuting Board Human-Syst Integration Div Behav Social Sci Educ Transportation Res Board GP Natl Res Council TI NEXT STEPS SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA. [Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA. [Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. [Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-18712-1 PY 2011 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA BC7IW UT WOS:000354901800008 ER PT J AU Fraccone, GC Volovoi, V Colon, AE Blake, M AF Fraccone, Giorgio Calanni Volovoi, Vitali Colon, Alfredo E. Blake, Matthew TI Novel Air Traffic Procedures: Investigation of Off-Nominal Scenarios and Potential Hazards SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; PETRI NETS; RELIABILITY AB The paper demonstrates the development of simulation-based models through which off-nominal conditions in air traffic can be investigated and the corresponding potential hazards can be assessed quantitatively. Primarily, those hazards are studied as they arise due to the introduction of new types of vehicles and novel operational procedures within the Next Generation Air Transportation System; the focus is on the combined effect of new vehicles and new procedures that specifically accommodate those new vehicles. These models are intended to complement any hazard assessment of air traffic that may be conducted qualitatively or via simplified or reduced-order analysis due to limited knowledge at the early stages of research. Such models can provide inputs into the system-level quantitative safety and risk analyses that facilitate developing recommendations for any appropriate new regulatory guidance and standards for vehicles and procedures to be adopted for future air traffic implementation. Two specific scenarios are explored in detail: a helix descent in the presence of failed autopilot, and a steep-descent approach of a slower vehicle sandwiched between two regular approaches with vertical navigation failing during the descent. C1 [Fraccone, Giorgio Calanni; Volovoi, Vitali] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Colon, Alfredo E.] NASA Headquarters, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Blake, Matthew] Sensis Corp, Strateg Initiat & Adv Dev, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. RP Fraccone, GC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, 270 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNA08BA64C] FX This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Research Announcement [NRA] No. NNA08BA64C). In particular, thanks go to Frederick Wieland (Intelligent Automation, Inc.) for his guidance in developing the first scenario, and to Matthew Hedrick (CSSI, Inc.), Ashley Nunes (CSSI, Inc.), and Rosa Weber (Honeywell Laboratories) for their valuable assistance. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.2514/1.C031003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 719RS UT WOS:000287227200012 ER PT J AU Kenna, TC Nitsche, FO Herron, MM Mailloux, BJ Peteet, D Sritrairat, S Sands, E Baumgarten, J AF Kenna, Timothy C. Nitsche, Frank O. Herron, Michael M. Mailloux, Brian J. Peteet, Dorothy Sritrairat, Sanpisa Sands, Elizabeth Baumgarten, Joni TI Evaluation and calibration of a Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer for quantitative analysis of siliciclastic soils and sediments SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT JAAS Symposium CY NOV 23, 2010 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Tsinghua Univ ID STRAIGHT-LINE; CONTAMINATED SOILS; XRF; QUANTIFICATION; ANALYZER; ERRORS; SITE; LEAD AB This paper documents the evaluation of a Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer (FP-XRF) as a bench top laboratory unit with regard to quantitative elemental analysis of siliciclastic soils and sediments. With the end-user in mind, we outline a calibration scheme that offers significant improvement in data quality over the manufacturer's calibration. Our calibration approach is based on Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) as calibration standards, the use of least-squares regression techniques that allow for uncertainty in both x and y data (i.e., type II linear regression), propagation of error with respect to predicted concentrations, and goodness of fit evaluation. Data presented include the repeated analysis of numerous standard reference sediments and soils, which are used to evaluate the instrument response to changes in concentration, signal stability over the course of similar to 1 year, and calibration model suitability. We present Hudson River estuary sediment data along with independent confirmatory analyses as a demonstration. Our results for the estuarine sediments are in very good agreement with independent laboratory analyses, indicating that the FP-XRF is comparable to traditional laboratory instrument/analytical techniques, and capable of providing high quality data for numerous elements. C1 [Kenna, Timothy C.; Nitsche, Frank O.; Peteet, Dorothy] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Herron, Michael M.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mailloux, Brian J.; Sands, Elizabeth; Baumgarten, Joni] Barnard Coll, Dept Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Peteet, Dorothy] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Sritrairat, Sanpisa] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Kenna, TC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tkenna@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Nitsche, Frank/A-9343-2009 OI Nitsche, Frank/0000-0002-4137-547X NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1039/c0ja00133c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 711TG UT WOS:000286613700017 ER PT J AU Van Gaest, AL Dietrich, JP Thompson, DE Boylen, DA Strickland, SA Collier, TK Loge, FJ Arkoosh, MR AF Van Gaest, A. L. Dietrich, J. P. Thompson, D. E. Boylen, D. A. Strickland, S. A. Collier, T. K. Loge, F. J. Arkoosh, M. R. TI Survey of Pathogens in Hatchery Chinook Salmon with Different Out-Migration Histories through the Snake and Columbia Rivers SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DELAYED MORTALITY; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; IMMUNE FUNCTION AB The operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) has negatively affected threatened and endangered salmonid populations in the Pacific Northwest. Barging Snake River spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha through the FCRPS is one effort to mitigate the effect of the hydrosystem on juvenile salmon out-migration. However, little is known about the occurrence and transmission of infectious agents in barged juvenile salmon relative to juvenile salmon that remain in-river to navigate to the ocean. We conducted a survey of hatchery-reared spring Chinook salmon at various points along their out-migration path as they left their natal hatcheries and either migrated in-river or were barged through the FCRPS. Salmon kidneys were screened by polymerase chain reaction for nine pathogens and one family of water molds. Eight pathogens were detected; the most prevalent were Renibacterium salmoninarum and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Species in the family Saprolegniaceae were also commonly detected. Pathogen prevalence was significantly greater in fish that were barged through the FCRPS than in fish left to out-migrate in-river. These results suggest that the transmission of infectious agents to susceptible juvenile salmon occurs during the barging process. Therefore, management activities that reduce pathogen exposure during barging may increase the survival of juvenile Chinook salmon after they are released. C1 [Van Gaest, A. L.; Dietrich, J. P.; Boylen, D. A.; Strickland, S. A.; Arkoosh, M. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Thompson, D. E.; Loge, F. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Collier, T. K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Van Gaest, AL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ahna.vangaest@noaa.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding for this study was provided, in part, by the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Project oversight and facility assistance was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Walla Walla District office. Hatchery juvenile Chinook salmon were provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife. We thank the Fish Passage Center for allowing us access to 34,000 PIT-tagged fish. Programming of the PIT tag sort-by-code functions was provided by Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. We thank Dina Spangenberg at NOAA Fisheries Service and Mary Bhuthimethee, Jerry Pruiett, Collin Christianson, Ben Campbell, and Bill Fleenor at University of California Davis for their assistance in fish collection, transport, and care. We thankfully acknowledge Lyndal Johnson and Mark Meyers for their critical review of this manuscript. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 2 BP 62 EP 77 AR PII 937264785 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.572023 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 776PU UT WOS:000291550100002 PM 21834329 ER PT J AU Priestley, KJ Smith, GL Thomas, S Cooper, D Lee, RB Walikainen, D Hess, P Szewczyk, ZP Wilson, R AF Priestley, Kory J. Smith, G. Louis Thomas, Susan Cooper, Denise Lee, Robert B., III Walikainen, Dale Hess, Phillip Szewczyk, Z. Peter Wilson, Robert TI Radiometric Performance of the CERES Earth Radiation Budget Climate Record Sensors on the EOS Aqua and Terra Spacecraft through April 2007 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIANT ENERGY SYSTEM; RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; THERMISTOR BOLOMETERS; FLIGHT MODEL; CLOUDS; VALIDATION AB The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) flight models 1 through 4 instruments were launched aboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua spacecraft into 705-km sun-synchronous orbits with 10:30 p.m. and 1:30 a.m, local time equatorial crossing times. With these instruments CERES provides state-of-the-art observations and products related to the earth's radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The archived CERES science data products consist of geolocated and calibrated instantaneous filtered and unfiltered radiances through temporally and spatially averaged TOA, surface, and atmospheric fluxes. CERES-filtered radiance measurements cover three spectral bands: shortwave (0.3-5 mu m), total (0.3 > 100 mu m), and an atmospheric window channel (8-12 mu m). CERES climate data products realize a factor of 2-4 improvement in calibration accuracy and stability over the previotus Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) products. To achieve this improvement there are three editions of data products. Edition 1 generates data products using gain coefficients derived from ground calibrations. After a minimum of four months, the calibration data are examined to remove drifts in the calibration. The data are then reprocessed to produce the edition 2 data products. These products are available for science investigations for which an accuracy of 2% is sufficient. Also, a validation protocol is applied to these products to find problems and develop solutions, after which edition 3 data products will be computed, for which the objectives are calibration stability of better than 0.2% and calibration traceability from ground to flight of 0.25%. This paper reports the status of the radiometric accuracy and stability of the CERES edition 2 instrument data products through April 2007. C1 [Priestley, Kory J.; Smith, G. Louis] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, G. Louis; Lee, Robert B., III] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Thomas, Susan; Cooper, Denise; Walikainen, Dale; Hess, Phillip; Szewczyk, Z. Peter; Wilson, Robert] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Smith, GL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM g.l.smith@larc.nasa.gov FU Earth Science Office of NASA; Sciences Directorate of the Langley Research Center FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERES Program by the Earth Science Office of NASA and the Sciences Directorate of the Langley Research Center. Also, the contributions of the many people at the Space Division of TRW (now Northrop-Grumman) who designed, built, and tested these instruments must be recognized, in particular Steve Carmen, Tom Evert, Gary Peterson, Arpad Pallai, Peter Jarecke, Mark Folkman, Mark Frink, and Herb Bitting. The outstanding performance of the CERES instruments has been due to the dedication of these people to excellence. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1521.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729ZJ UT WOS:000287992900001 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Echer, E Guarnieri, FL Gonzalez, WD AF Tsurutani, Bruce T. Echer, Ezequiel Guarnieri, Fernando L. Gonzalez, Walter D. TI The properties of two solar wind high speed streams and related geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE High speed solar wind streams; Interplanetary Alfvenicity; Geomagnetic activity; HILDCAAs ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVITY HILDCAA EVENTS; ALFVEN WAVES; SEMIANNUAL VARIATION; SECTOR STRUCTURE; CORONAL HOLES; STORMS; DISTURBANCE; ENERGETICS; POLARITY AB Two high speed stream (HSS) solar wind intervals (days 283-294 and 314-318, 2003, hereafter called Events 1 and 2) during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 have been examined in detail for their interplanetary characteristics and their resultant geomagnetic activity. Event 1 had an associated storm initial phase with peak Dst = +9 nT. This was caused by a high plasma density heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) which impacted the magnetosphere. The southward component of IMF Bz fluctuations in the corotating interaction regions (CIRs) of both Events 1 and 2 led to peak storm main phases of Dst = -85 and -62 nT, respectively. The extended storm "recovery" phases were associated with Delta B/B-o similar to 1-2 Alfvenic fluctuations in the HSS proper. High-intensity, long-duration, continuous AE (HILDCAA) intervals were present, presumably due to the southward component of the Alfven waves. The IMF Bx-Vx 4-h cross-correlation values were >0.8 in Event 2, and lower, >0.6. in Event 1. The difference in Alfvenicity between the two HSS events is not understood at present. The IMF Bz 10-min to 3-h variances (sigma(2)(z)) and are highest during the CIRs. The normalized variances (sigma(2)(z)/B-o(2)) during the HSS proper are approximately the same as those for the CIRs. For Event 1, the 1-h IMF sigma(2)(z) and sigma(2)(z)/B-o(2) are 5.0 nT(2) and 1.1 x 10(-1), respectively. The IMF Bz-AE cross-correlation (c.c.) coefficients during the storm main phase of Event 1 and for 24-h of the HSS of Event 2 give similar results. For the Event 1, a peak c.c. of -0.4 occurred with a lag of 103 min, and for Event 2 a peak c.c of -0.38 with a lag of 67 min was obtained. Both cc. results were sharply peaked. The decay-portion of a HSS prior to Event 1 was characterized by low Np, low B-o and low Alfven wave amplitudes. The 1-h IMF sigma(2)(z) and sigma(2)(z)/B-o(2) were 0.84 nT(2) and 2.9 x 10(-2), respectively. This quiet interplanetary interval led to a quiet geomagnetic activity period (AE < 100 nT, Dst similar to +5 nT). On the other hand, what is quite surprising is that this region was the most purely "Alfvenic" interval studied (c.c. of Bx-Vx=0.95). The epsilon parameter was calculated using both GSE and GSM coordinates. It was found that epsilon is similar to 30% larger for GSM coordinates. Thus, the major cause of geomagnetic activity during HSSs is the large amplitude Alfven waves but not coordinate transformations. Sector polarities (IMF By values) may be a secondary factor. However, other models, like the tilted solar dipole, should be considered as well. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Echer, Ezequiel; Gonzalez, Walter D.] Brazilian Natl Space Res Inst INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Guarnieri, Fernando L.] UNIVAP, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov RI Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 164 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.04.003 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717UO UT WOS:000287073100019 ER PT J AU Weber, JR Cuccia, DJ Johnson, WR Bearman, GH Durkin, AJ Hsu, MK Lin, A Binder, DK Wilson, D Tromberg, BJ AF Weber, Jessie R. Cuccia, David J. Johnson, William R. Bearman, Gregory H. Durkin, Anthony J. Hsu, Mike Lin, Alexander Binder, Devin K. Wilson, Dan Tromberg, Bruce J. TI Multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering using spatial frequency domain imaging and a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE spectrometry; brain imaging; absorption; scattering; optical properties; intrinsic signal AB We present an approach for rapidly and quantitatively mapping tissue absorption and scattering spectra in a wide-field, noncontact imaging geometry by combining multifrequency spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) with a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS). SFDI overcomes the need to spatially scan a source, and is based on the projection and analysis of periodic structured illumination patterns. CTIS provides a throughput advantage by simultaneously diffracting multiple spectral images onto a single CCD chip to gather spectra at every pixel of the image, thus providing spatial and spectral information in a single snapshot. The spatial-spectral data set was acquired 30 times faster than with our wavelength-scanning liquid crystal tunable filter camera, even though it is not yet optimized for speed. Here we demonstrate that the combined SFDI-CTIS is capable of rapid, multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering in a noncontact, nonscanning platform. The combined system was validated for 36 wavelengths between 650-1000 nm in tissue simulating phantoms over a range of tissue-like absorption and scattering properties. The average percent error for the range of absorption coefficients (mu(a)) was less than 10% from 650-800 nm, and less than 20% from 800-1000 nm. The average percent error in reduced scattering coefficients (mu'(s)) was less than 5% from 650-700 nm and less than 3% from 700-1000 nm. The SFDI-CTIS platform was applied to a mouse model of brain injury in order to demonstrate the utility of this approach in characterizing spatially and spectrally varying tissue optical properties. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3528628] C1 [Weber, Jessie R.; Durkin, Anthony J.; Tromberg, Bruce J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Beckman Laser Inst & Med Clin, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. [Cuccia, David J.] Modulated Imaging Inc, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. [Johnson, William R.; Wilson, Dan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bearman, Gregory H.] Snapshot Spectra Inc, Pasadena, CA 91104 USA. [Hsu, Mike; Lin, Alexander; Binder, Devin K.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Glial Neuronal Interact, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Tromberg, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Beckman Laser Inst, 1002 Hlth Sci Rd E, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. EM bitrombe@uci.edu OI Durkin, Anthony/0000-0001-9124-6388 FU Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP) [P41RR01192]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Medical Free-Electron Laser (MFEL) Program [F49620-00-2-0371, FA9550-04-1-0101]; Beckman Foundation; National Institutes of Health Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [NS-43165, NS-48350] FX Support for this work was provided by the Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP, P41RR01192), the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Medical Free-Electron Laser (MFEL) Program (F49620-00-2-0371 and FA9550-04-1-0101), the Beckman Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) NS-43165, NS-48350. Jessie R. Weber acknowledges the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Foundation for their generous support. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 AR 011015 DI 10.1117/1.3528628 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725HW UT WOS:000287636800014 PM 21280902 ER PT J AU Ramsay, HA Sobel, AH AF Ramsay, Hamish A. Sobel, Adam H. TI Effects of Relative and Absolute Sea Surface Temperature on Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Using a Single-Column Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE MODEL; EXPLICIT HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SENSITIVITY; TRENDS; PARAMETERS; SCHEME AB The effects of relative and absolute sea surface temperature (SST) on tropical cyclone potential intensity are investigated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) single-column model. The model is run in two modes: (i) radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) to represent the convective response to uniform warming of the ocean as in a homogeneous aqua planet, and (ii) weak temperature gradient (WTG) to represent the convective response to warming over a limited area of ocean while the SST outside that area remains unchanged. The WTG calculations are taken to represent the sensitivity of the atmospheric state to relative SST changes, while the RCE calculations are taken to represent the sensitivity to absolute SST changes occurring in the absence of relative SST changes. The potential intensity is computed using temperature and moisture profiles from the two sets of experiments for various values of SST. The computed potential intensity is more sensitive to relative SST than to absolute SST, with slopes of between about 7 and 8 m s(-1) degrees C(-1) (depending on choice of input parameters in the model's convection scheme and other details of the model configuration) in the WTG calculations and about 1 m s(-1) degrees C(-1) in RCE. The sensitivity to relative SST obtained from these calculations is quantitatively similar to that obtained previously by G. Vecchi and B.J. Soden from global climate model output. The greater sensitivity of potential intensity to SST in the WTG simulations (relative to RCE) can be attributed primarily to larger changes in the air-sea thermodynamic disequilibrium in those calculations as SST changes, which results from the inability of the free troposphere to adjust to the SST in WTG as it does in RCE. C1 [Ramsay, Hamish A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ramsay, Hamish A.; Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. RP Ramsay, HA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM hramsay@giss.nasa.gov RI Ramsay, Hamish/G-9604-2011; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015 OI Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567 FU NASA at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies; NOAA [NA08OAR4320912]; NASA FX This work was influenced by stimulating discussions with Suzana Camargo, Kerry Emanuel, Tom Knutson, and Gabe Vecchi; we thank Kerry Emanuel and Gabe Vecchi for constructive comments on an earlier draft. HAR acknowledges support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. AHS acknowledges support from NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320912. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect the views of NASA, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3690.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712II UT WOS:000286659600011 ER PT J AU Kubar, TL Waliser, DE Li, JL AF Kubar, Terence L. Waliser, Duane E. Li, J. -L. TI Boundary Layer and Cloud Structure Controls on Tropical Low Cloud Cover Using A-Train Satellite Data and ECMWF Analyses SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC STABILITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; FEEDBACK; MISSION; MODELS; ALBEDO; RADAR AB The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), CloudSat radar, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud data on the A-Train constellation complemented with the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses are used to investigate the cloud and boundary layer structure across a 10 degrees wide cross section starting at 5 degrees S near the international date line and extending to 35 degrees N near the California coast from March 2008 to February 2009. The mean large-scale inversion height and low-level cloud tops, which correspond very closely to each other, are very shallow (similar to 500 m) over cold SSTs and high static stability near California and deepen southwestward (to a maximum of similar to 1.5-2.0 km) along the cross section as SSTs rise. Deep convection near the ITCZ occurs at a surface temperature close to 298 K. While the boundary layer relative humidity (RH) is nearly constant where a boundary layer is well defined, it drops sharply near cloud top in stratocumulus regions, corresponding with strong thermal inversions and water vapor decrease, such that the maximum(-partial derivative RH/partial derivative z) marks the boundary layer cloud top very well. The magnitude correlates well with low cloud frequency during March-May (MAM), June-August (JJA), and September-November (SON) (r(2) = 0.85, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively). Also, CALIPSO and MODIS isolated low cloud frequency generally agree quite well, but CloudSat senses only slightly more than one-third of the low clouds as observed by the other sensors, as many clouds are shallower than 1 km and thus cannot be discerned with CloudSat due to contamination from the strong signal from surface clutter. Mean tropospheric omega between 300 and 700 hPa is examined from the ECMWF Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) analysis dataset, and during JJA and SON, strong rising motion in the middle troposphere is confined to a range of 2-m surface temperatures between 297 and 300 K, consistent with previous studies that show a narrow range of SSTs over which deep ascent occurs. During December-February (DJF), large-scale ascending motion extends to colder SSTs and high boundary layer stability. A slightly different boundary layer stability metric is derived, the difference of moist static energy (MSE) at the middle point of the inversion (or at 700 hPa if no inversion exists) and the surface, referred to as Delta MSE. The utility of Delta MSE is its prediction of isolated uniform low cloud frequency, with very high r(2) values of 0.93 and 0.88, respectively, for the MODIS and joint lidar plus radar product during JJA but significantly lower values during DJF (0.46 and 0.40), with much scatter. To quantify the importance of free tropospheric dynamics in modulating the Delta MSE-low cloud relationships, the frequency as a function of Delta MSE of rising motion profiles (omega < -0.05 Pa s(-1)) is added to the observed low cloud frequency for a maximum hypothetical low cloud frequency. Doing this greatly reduces the interseasonal differences and holds promise for using DMSE for parameterization schemes and examining low cloud feedbacks. C1 [Kubar, Terence L.; Waliser, Duane E.; Li, J. -L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kubar, TL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-518,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM terry.kubar@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Additionally, the authors thank the NASA Postdoctoral Program for its support of this work. The authors additionally thank Mark Zelinka for useful feedback, as well as Dr. Xianan Jiang for NCEP output data during the JJA 2008 season. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 194 EP 215 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3702.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712II UT WOS:000286659600012 ER PT J AU Sleeman, JC Meekan, MG Stewart, BS Wilson, SG Polovina, JJ Stevens, JD Boggs, GS Bradshaw, CJA AF Sleeman, Jai C. Meekan, Mark G. Stewart, Brent S. Wilson, Steven G. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Stevens, John D. Boggs, Guy S. Bradshaw, Corey J. A. TI To go or not to go with the flow: Environmental influences on whale shark movement patterns (vol 390, pg 84, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Sleeman, Jai C.; Boggs, Guy S.] Charles Darwin Univ, GIS, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Sleeman, Jai C.; Boggs, Guy S.] Charles Darwin Univ, Remote Sensing Grp, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Meekan, Mark G.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Casuarina Mc, NT 0811, Australia. [Stewart, Brent S.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Wilson, Steven G.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Stevens, John D.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. RP Sleeman, JC (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, GIS, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. EM jai.sleeman@cdu.edu.au NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 396 IS 2 BP 255 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.10.009 PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 710XN UT WOS:000286550400023 ER PT J AU Huntsberger, T Aghazarian, H Howard, A Trotz, DC AF Huntsberger, Terry Aghazarian, Hrand Howard, Andrew Trotz, David C. TI Stereo Vision-Based Navigation for Autonomous Surface Vessels SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article ID TRACKING; VEHICLE AB This paper describes a stereo vision based system for autonomous navigation in maritime environments The system consists of two key components The Hammerhead vision system detects geometric hazards (i e objects above the waterline) and generates both grid-based hazard maps and discrete contact lists (objects with position and velocity) The R4SA (robust, real-time reconfigurable robotic system architecture) control system uses these. inputs to implement sensor-based navigation behaviors, including static obstacle avoidance and dynamic target following As far as the published literature is concerned this stereo vision based system is the first fielded system that is tailored for high speed autonomous maritime operation on smaller boats In this paper, we present a description and experimental analysis of the Hammerhead vision system along with key elements of the R4SA control system We describe the integration of these systems onto a number of high-speed unmanned surface vessels and present experimental results for the combined vision based navigation system (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals Inc C1 [Huntsberger, Terry; Aghazarian, Hrand] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Howard, Andrew] Space Explorat Technol, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. RP Huntsberger, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-IP-2-0008]; Spatial Integrated Systems, Inc (NASA Space Act Agreement) [NMO716027] FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Funding for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research, Code 33 (Contract N00014-09-IP-2-0008) and Spatial Integrated Systems, Inc (NASA Space Act Agreement, Contract NMO716027) The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their comments that greatly enhanced the readability of the manuscript Finally, we wish to thank Curtis Padgett Mike Garrett, Lee Magnone, Harry Balian, David Zhu and Eric Kulczycki for their valuable contributions to this project NR 18 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1556-4959 EI 1556-4967 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1002/rob.20380 PG 16 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 703CI UT WOS:000285951300002 ER PT J AU Zwally, HJ Li, J Brenner, AC Beckley, M Cornejo, HG Dimarzio, J Giovinetto, MB Neumann, TA Robbins, J Saba, JL Yi, DH Wang, WL AF Zwally, H. Jay Li, Jun Brenner, Anita C. Beckley, Matthew Cornejo, Helen G. Dimarzio, John Giovinetto, Mario B. Neumann, Thomas A. Robbins, John Saba, Jack L. Yi, Donghui Wang, Weili TI Greenland ice sheet mass balance: distribution of increased mass loss with climate warming; 2003-07 versus 1992-2002 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ELEVATION CHANGES; OUTLET GLACIER; SURFACE; ACCELERATION; MELT; ANTARCTICA; VELOCITY; DRAINAGE; TEMPERATURE AB We derive mass changes of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) for 2003-07 from ICESat laser altimetry and compare them with results for 1992-2002 from ERS radar and airborne laser altimetry" The GIS continued to grow inland and thin at the margins during 2003-07, but surface melting and accelerated flow significantly increased the marginal thinning compared with the 1990s. The net balance changed from a small loss of 7 +/- 3 Gt a(-1) in the 1990s to 171 +/- 4 Gt a(-1) for 2003-07, contributing 0.5 mm a(-1) to recent global sea-level rise. We divide the derived mass changes into two components: (1) from changes in melting and ice dynamics and (2) from changes in precipitation and accumulation rate. We use our firn compaction model to calculate the elevation changes driven by changes in both temperature and accumulation rate and to calculate the appropriate density to convert the accumulation-driven changes to mass changes. Increased losses from melting and ice dynamics (17-206 Gt a(-1)) are over seven times larger than increased gains from precipitation (10-35 Gt a(-1)) during a warming period of similar to 2 K (10 a)(-1) over the GIS. Above 2000 m elevation, the rate of gain decreased from 44 to 28 Gt a(-1), while below 2000m the rate of loss increased from 51 to 198 Gt a(-1) Enhanced thinning below the equilibrium line on outlet glaciers indicates that increased melting has a significant impact on outlet glaciers, as well as accelerating ice flow. Increased thinning at higher elevations appears to be induced by dynamic coupling to thinning at the margins on decadal timescales. C1 [Zwally, H. Jay; Li, Jun; Brenner, Anita C.; Beckley, Matthew; Cornejo, Helen G.; Dimarzio, John; Giovinetto, Mario B.; Neumann, Thomas A.; Robbins, John; Saba, Jack L.; Yi, Donghui; Wang, Weili] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zwally, HJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM zwally@icesat2.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012 FU NASA FX This research was supported by NASA's ICESat Project Science funding. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the scientific editor, H.A. Fricker, for helpful suggestions and comments, and the European Space Agency for providing radar altimeter data from ERS-1 and -2. We also thank R. Alley for his suggestion of using a relationship between accumulation rate and temperature to model the effects of accumulation variations on firn compaction. We are also grateful to all the engineers, scientists, and managers who contributed so much to making ICESat a very successful, pioneering space mission. NR 45 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 6 U2 37 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 201 BP 88 EP 102 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 736WT UT WOS:000288526400009 ER PT J AU Bindschadler, R Vaughan, DG Vornberger, P AF Bindschadler, Robert Vaughan, David G. Vornberger, Patricia TI Variability of basal melt beneath the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, West Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEET; ACCELERATION; COLLAPSE AB Observations from satellite and airborne platforms are combined with model calculations to infer the nature and efficiency of basal melting of the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, West Antarctica, by ocean waters. Satellite imagery shows surface features that suggest ice-shelf-wide changes to the ocean's influence on the ice shelf as the grounding line retreated. Longitudinal profiles of ice surface and bottom elevations are analyzed to reveal a spatially dependent pattern of basal melt with an annual melt flux of 40.5 Gt a(-1). One profile captures a persistent set of surface waves that correlates with quasi-annual variations of atmospheric forcing of Amundsen Sea circulation patterns, establishing a direct connection between atmospheric variability and sub-ice-shelf melting. Ice surface troughs are hydrostatically compensated by ice-bottom voids up to 150 m deep. Voids form dynamically at the grounding line, triggered by enhanced melting when warmer-than-average water arrives. Subsequent enlargement of the voids is thermally inefficient (4% or less) compared with an overall melting efficiency beneath the ice shelf of 22%. Residual warm water is believed to cause three persistent polynyas at the ice-shelf front seen in Landsat imagery. Landsat thermal imagery confirms the occurrence of warm water at the same locations. C1 [Bindschadler, Robert] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bindschadler, Robert] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vaughan, David G.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Vornberger, Patricia] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bindschadler, R (reprint author), NASA, Code 614-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.a.bindschadler@nasa.gov RI Vaughan, David/C-8348-2011 FU NASA [509496.02.08.01.68]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [0732906] FX Special thanks to B. Thomas who, to our knowledge, was the first to identify the quasi-annual character of the interesting waves on the south profile. A. Jenkins kindly provided the detailed model results from the ocean-modeling work of Thoma and others (2008). Detailed and constructive reviews of an early manuscript were provided by I. Joughin, M. Thoma and A. Jenkins. Funding for the research came from NASA grant No. 509496.02.08.01.68 and US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grant No. 0732906. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 204 BP 581 EP 595 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 822BT UT WOS:000295019400001 ER PT J AU Colgan, W Rajaram, H Anderson, R Steffen, K Phillips, T Joughin, I Zwally, HJ Abdalati, W AF Colgan, William Rajaram, Harihar Anderson, Robert Steffen, Konrad Phillips, Thomas Joughin, Ian Zwally, H. Jay Abdalati, Waleed TI The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet: Part 1. Hydrology model SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE TIDEWATER GLACIER; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; OUTBURST FLOODS; WEST GREENLAND; WATER STORAGE; RAPID MOTION; FAST-FLOW; SPEED-UP; ACCELERATION; TEMPERATURE AB We apply a novel one-dimensional glacier hydrology model that calculates hydraulic head to the tidewater-terminating Sermeq Avannarleq flowline of the Greenland ice sheet. Within a plausible parameter space, the model achieves a quasi-steady-state annual cycle in which hydraulic head oscillates close to flotation throughout the ablation zone. Flotation is briefly achieved during the summer melt season along a similar to 17 km stretch of the similar to 50 km of Bowline within the ablation zone. Beneath the majority of the flowline, subglacial conduit storage 'closes' (i.e. obtains minimum radius) during the winter and 'opens' (i.e. obtains maximum radius) during the summer. Along certain stretches of the flowline, the model predicts that subglacial conduit storage remains open throughout the year. A calculated mean glacier water residence time of similar to 2.2 years implies that significant amounts of water are stored in the glacier throughout the year. We interpret this residence time as being indicative of the timescale over which the glacier hydrologic system is capable of adjusting to external surface meltwater forcings. Based on in situ ice velocity observations, we suggest that the summer speed-up event generally corresponds to conditions of increasing hydraulic head during inefficient subglacial drainage. Conversely, the slowdown during fall generally corresponds to conditions of decreasing hydraulic head during efficient subglacial drainage. C1 [Colgan, William; Steffen, Konrad; Phillips, Thomas; Abdalati, Waleed] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colgan, William; Steffen, Konrad; Abdalati, Waleed] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajaram, Harihar] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Robert] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Robert] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Phillips, Thomas] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joughin, Ian] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Zwally, H. Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abdalati, Waleed] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Colgan, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM william.colgan@colorado.edu RI Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Colgan, William/H-1570-2014; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013 OI Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660; Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026 FU NASA [NNX08AT85G, NNX07AF15G]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences FX This work was supported by NASA Cryospheric Science Program grants NNX08AT85G and NNX07AF15G to K.S. W.C. thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for support through a Post-Graduate Scholarship, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences for support through a Graduate Research Fellowship. We thank J. Saba for meticulous processing of the Swiss Camp GPS data. We greatly appreciate the efforts of G. Flowers and an anonymous reviewer whose detailed comments tremendously improved the manuscript. H. Fricker was our dedicated scientific editor. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 204 BP 697 EP 709 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 822BT UT WOS:000295019400011 ER PT J AU Shuman, CA Berthier, E Scambos, TA AF Shuman, Christopher A. Berthier, Etienne Scambos, Ted A. TI 2001-2009 elevation and mass losses in the Larsen A and B embayments, Antarctic Peninsula SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHELF COLLAPSE; SEA-LEVEL RISE; LASER ALTIMETRY; WEST ANTARCTICA; GLACIER; DISINTEGRATION; SHEET; RETREAT; GREENLAND; SPACE AB We investigate the elevation and mass-balance response of tributary glaciers following the loss of the Larsen A and B ice shelves, Antarctic Peninsula (in 1995 and 2002 respectively). Our study uses MODIS imagery to track ice extent, and ASTER and SPOT5 digital elevation models (DEMs) plus ATM and ICESat laser altimetry to track elevation changes, spanning the period 2001-09. The measured Larsen B tributary glaciers (Hektoria, Green, Evans, Punchbowl, Jorum and Crane) lost up to 160 m in elevation during 2001-06, and thinning continued into 2009. Elevation changes were small for the more southerly Flask and Leppard Glaciers, which are still constrained by a Larsen B ice shelf remnant. In the northern embayment, continued thinning of >3 m a(-1) on Drygalski Glacier, 14 years after the Larsen A ice shelf disintegrated, suggests that mass losses for the exposed Larsen B tributaries will continue for years into the future. Grounded ice volume losses exceed 13 km(3) for Crane Glacier and 30 km(3) for the Hektoria-Green-Evans glaciers. The combined mean loss rate for 2001-06 is at least 11.2 Gt a(-1). Our values differ significantly from published mass-budget-based estimates for these embayments, but are a reasonable fraction of GRACE-derived rates for the region (similar to 40 Gt a(-1)). C1 [Shuman, Christopher A.] NASA, UMBC GEST, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Berthier, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Scambos, Ted A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shuman, CA (reprint author), NASA, UMBC GEST, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christopher.a.shuman@nasa.gov RI Berthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009 OI Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155 FU NASA; French Space Agency (CNES) [352] FX This work was supported by grants from NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program. Data were provided by the ICESat Project and the ATM team. We also specifically thank the Chilean Centro de Estudios Cientificos along with R. Thomas and W. Krabill and their team, for enabling the ATM data acquisitions prior to Operation IceBridge. E. Berthier acknowledges support from the French Space Agency (CNES) through the TOSCA and ISIS proposal No. 352. SPOT5 HRS data were provided at no cost by CNES through the SPIRIT International Polar Year project (Korona and others, 2009). ASTER data were provided at no cost by NASA/US Geological Survey through the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project (Raup and others, 2007). We thank P. Durand, M. Bernard (SPOT Image) and A. Orsoni (IGN Espace) for their early work on SPOTS images of the Antarctic Peninsula. This study was also aided by J. Bohlander's searches for MODIS imagery, and V. Suchdeo who assembled the altimetry and imagery material into preliminary figures. F. Zgur and M. Rebesco facilitated our understanding of bathymetry data in the study area (principal investigator Eugene Domack, NSF-ANT03-38142). Finally, the paper was made substantially more coherent with patient editing by the scientific editors T.H. Jacka and H. Fricker, and reviewers B. Smith and D. Vaughan. NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 23 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 204 BP 737 EP 754 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 822BT UT WOS:000295019400014 ER PT J AU Li, Y Gao, J Li, QL Peng, MF Sun, XH Li, YY Yuan, G Wen, W Meyyappan, M AF Li, Yang Gao, Jing Li, Qinliang Peng, Mingfa Sun, Xuhui Li, Youyong Yuan, Gang Wen, Wen Meyyappan, M. TI Thermal phase transformation of In2Se3 nanowires studied by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEMORY; NONVOLATILE; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; CASTEP; FILMS AB We report the preparation of alpha- and kappa-phase In2Se3 nanowires by thermal evaporation and investigation of their phase transformations in situ by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD) during a thermal annealing process. The kappa-phase transformed into the alpha- phase at 500 degrees C and eventually transformed to high temperature alpha- phase with a layered structure of 5 atoms-5 atoms at 700 degrees C irreversibly. Different atomistic structures of In2Se3 were modeled and optimized by DFT, which correlate well with the XRD results. The In2Se3 nanowires also exhibit a large difference in resistivity before and after annealing. C1 [Li, Yang; Gao, Jing; Li, Qinliang; Peng, Mingfa; Sun, Xuhui; Li, Youyong] Soochow Univ, Inst Funct Nano & Soft Mat FUNSOM, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Yang; Gao, Jing; Li, Qinliang; Peng, Mingfa; Sun, Xuhui; Li, Youyong] Soochow Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Mat & Devices, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Gang; Wen, Wen] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Shanghai 201204, Peoples R China. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Meyyappan, M.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang, South Korea. RP Sun, XH (reprint author), Soochow Univ, Inst Funct Nano & Soft Mat FUNSOM, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xhsun@suda.edu.cn; yyli@suda.edu.cn RI Li, Youyong/D-3836-2011; Sun, Xuhui /K-5689-2012 OI Li, Youyong/0000-0002-5248-2756; FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB934502]; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51072127]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [1052nm07800]; WCU-ITCE FX The authors thank beamline BL14B1 (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) for providing the beam time. The work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2010CB934502), Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 51072127), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant Number: 1052nm07800). The work in Korea was supported by the WCU-ITCE program. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 19 BP 6944 EP 6947 DI 10.1039/c1jm10419e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 755AP UT WOS:000289899300028 ER PT J AU Bux, SK Yeung, MT Toberer, ES Snyder, GJ Kaner, RB Fleurial, JP AF Bux, Sabah K. Yeung, Michael T. Toberer, Eric S. Snyder, G. Jeffrey Kaner, Richard B. Fleurial, Jean-Pierre TI Mechanochemical synthesis and thermoelectric properties of high quality magnesium silicide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOPED MG2SI SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; BULK ALLOYS; STATE AB Magnesium silicide and related alloys are attractive for thermoelectric applications due to their low toxicity, thermal stability, low density, relative abundance and low cost of production. Earlier work on the synthesis of Mg2Si via high energy ball milling resulted in incomplete product formation, oxide impurities, and contamination from milling media. Here we present an improved solid-state synthesis of n-type magnesium silicide using the mechanochemical technique of high energy ball milling of the elements followed by high pressure sintering using hot uniaxial compaction. This robust synthetic method permits a detailed investigation of thermoelectric properties as a function of Bi doping. The thermoelectric properties of Mg2Si1-xBix (0 <= x <= 0.021) samples are characterized from 300 K to 775 K. These results are analyzed within a single parabolic band (SPB) model to determine the effective conduction band parameters and identify regimes of non-SPB behavior. C1 [Bux, Sabah K.; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Thermal Energy Convers Technol Grp, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Yeung, Michael T.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yeung, Michael T.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Toberer, Eric S.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Snyder, G. Jeffrey] CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bux, SK (reprint author), CALTECH, Thermal Energy Convers Technol Grp, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 277-207, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Sabah.K.Bux@jpl.nasa.gov; etoberer@mines.edu; jsnyder@caltech.edu; kaner@chem.ucla.edu RI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/E-4453-2011; Snyder, G/I-2263-2015; OI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/0000-0003-1414-8682; Yeung, Michael/0000-0002-5677-6970 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0805352]; IGERT [DGE-0114443, DGE-0654431]; NASA [NNX09AM26H]; JPL/Caltech [1308818]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank Dr Thierry Caillat for his helpful discussions and Danny Zoltan for his assistance with transport measurements. Support from the National Science Foundation DMR 0805352 (RBK), an IGERT fellowship DGE-0114443 and DGE-0654431 (SKB), a NASA GSRP fellowship NNX09AM26H (SKB), and a JPL/Caltech subcontract 1308818 (RBK) are gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 54 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 14 U2 99 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 33 BP 12259 EP 12266 DI 10.1039/c1jm10827a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 804ZH UT WOS:000293694700016 ER PT J AU Carra, C Cucinotta, FA AF Carra, Claudio Cucinotta, Francis A. TI Binding Selectivity of RecA to a single stranded DNA, a computational approach SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING LA English DT Article DE Binding; EcRecA; Homologous recombination; MM-PBSA; Molecular dynamics ID FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BACTERIAL RECOMBINASE RECA; GENERALIZED BORN MODEL; CONTINUUM SOLVENT MODELS; AMBER FORCE-FIELD; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-BINDING; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Homologous recombination (HR) is the major DNA double strand break repair pathway which maintains the genomic integrity. It is fundamental for the survivability and functionality of all organisms. One of the initial steps in HR is the formation of the nucleoprotein filament composed by a single stranded DNA chain surrounded by the recombinases protein. The filament orchestrates the search for an undamaged homologue, as a template for the repair process. Our theoretical study was aimed at elucidating the selectivity of the interaction between a monomer of the recombinases enzyme in the Escherichia coli, EcRecA, the bacterial homologue of human Rad51, with a series of oligonucleotides of nine bases length. The complex, equilibrated for 20 ns with Langevian dynamics, was inserted in a periodic box with a 8 angstrom buffer of water molecules explicitly described by the TIP3P model. The absolute binding free energies are calculated in an implicit solvent using the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) and the generalized Born (GB) solvent accessible surface area, using the MM-PB(GB)SA model. The solute entropic contribution is also calculated by normal mode analysis. The results underline how a significant contribution of the binding free energy is due to the interaction with the Arg196, a critical amino acid for the activity of the enzyme. The study revealed how the binding affinity of EcRecA is significantly higher toward dT(9) rather than dA(9), as expected from the experimental results. C1 [Carra, Claudio] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Cucinotta, Francis A.] NASA, JSC, Space Radiat Hlth Project, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Carra, C (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM claudio.carra-1@nasa.gov; francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov FU NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the NASA Space Radiation Risk Assessment Project. NR 129 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1610-2940 J9 J MOL MODEL JI J. Mol. Model. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00894-010-0694-8 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 710AL UT WOS:000286482700014 PM 20386943 ER PT J AU Sun, WB Liu, ZY Lin, B Hua, DX Videen, G AF Sun, Wenbo Liu, Zhaoyan Lin, Bing Hua, Dengxin Videen, Gorden TI The 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Liu, Zhaoyan] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Lin, Bing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Hua, Dengxin] Xian Univ Technol, Xian, Peoples R China. RP Sun, WB (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. EM Wenbo.Sun-1@nasa.gov OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 153 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.11.003 PG 2 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 702LQ UT WOS:000285896600001 ER PT J AU Bi, L Yang, P Kattawar, GW Hu, YX Baum, BA AF Bi, Lei Yang, Ping Kattawar, George W. Hu, Yongxiang Baum, Bryan A. TI Diffraction and external reflection by dielectric faceted particles SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn DE Diffraction; External reflection; Scattering; Hexagonal ice crystal ID HEXAGONAL ICE CRYSTALS; DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; T-MATRIX; ABSORPTION; ALGORITHM; CLOUDS AB The scattering of light by dielectric particles much larger than the wavelength of incident light is attributed to diffraction, external reflection and outgoing refracted waves. This paper focuses on diffraction and external reflection by faceted particles, which can be calculated semi-analytically based on physical optics. Three approximate methods: the surface-integral method (SIM), the volume-integral method (VIM), and the diffraction plus reflection pattern from ray optics (DPR) are compared. Four elements of the amplitude scattering matrix in the SIM and the VIM are presented in an explicit form. Of interest is that diffraction and external reflection are separable in the SIM, whereas they are combined in the VIM. A feature of zero forward reflection is noticed in the SIM. The applicability of the DPR method is restricted to particles with random orientations. In the manner of van de Hulst, we develop a new technique to compute the reflection pattern of randomly oriented convex particles using spheres with the same refractive index, resulting in an improvement in the precision of the reflection calculation in near-forward and near-backward directions. The accuracy of the aforementioned three methods is investigated by comparing their results with those from the discrete-dipole-approximation (DDA) method for hexagonal particles at the refractive index of 1.3 + i1.0. For particles with fixed orientations, it is found that the SIM and the VIM are comparable in accuracy and applicable when the size parameter is on the order of 20. The ray-spreading effect on the phase function is evident from the results of various size parameters. For randomly oriented particles, the DPR is more efficient than the SIM and the VIM. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bi, Lei; Kattawar, George W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bi, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bilei@tamu.edu RI Bi, Lei/B-9242-2011; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.02.007 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 702LQ UT WOS:000285896600003 ER PT J AU Lin, B Min, QL Sun, WB Hu, YX Fan, TF AF Lin, Bing Min, Qilong Sun, Wenbo Hu, Yongxiang Fan, Tai-Fang TI Can climate sensitivity be estimated from short-term relationships of top-of-atmosphere net radiation and surface temperature? SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn DE Top-of-atmosphere net radiation; Climate feedback; Energy balance ID MODEL; FEEDBACK AB Increasing the knowledge in climate radiative feedbacks is critical for current climate studies. This work focuses on short-term relationships between global mean surface temperature and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation. The relationships may be used to characterize the climate feedback as suggested by some recent studies. As those recent studies, an energy balance model with ocean mixed layer and both radiative and non-radiative heat sources is used here. The significant improvement of current model is that climate system memories are considered. Based on model simulations, short-term relationship between global mean surface temperature and TOA net radiation (or the linear striation feature as suggested by previous studies) might represent climate feedbacks when the system had no memories. However, climate systems with the same short-term feedbacks but different memories would have a similar linear striation feature. This linear striation feature reflects only fast components of climate feedbacks and may not represent the total climate feedback even when the memory length of climate systems is minimal. The potential errors in the use of short-term relationships in estimations of climate sensitivity could be big. In short time scales, fast climate processes may overwhelm long-term climate feedbacks. Thus, the climate radiative feedback parameter obtained from short-term data may not provide a reliable estimate of climate sensitivity. This result also suggests that long-term observations of global surface temperature and TOA radiation are critical in the understanding of climate feedbacks and sensitivities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, Bing; Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Min, Qilong] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Sun, Wenbo; Fan, Tai-Fang] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Lin, B (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM bing.lin@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.03.012 PG 5 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 702LQ UT WOS:000285896600005 ER PT J AU Sun, WB Hu, YX Lin, B Liu, ZY Videen, G AF Sun, Wenbo Hu, Yongxiang Lin, Bing Liu, Zhaoyan Videen, Gorden TI The impact of ice cloud particle microphysics on the uncertainty of ice water content retrievals SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn DE Ice clouds; Cloud radar; Ice water content ID TIME-DOMAIN SOLUTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CIRRUS CLOUDS; RADAR; LIDAR; MISSION; PRECIPITATION; OCEANS; PATH AB Ice water content (IWC) is a standard product of cloud radar measurements. In this work, cloud radar cross-sections of various ice clouds are modeled to examine the relationship between the radar signal and the IWC. We report that using backscatter signal at cloud radar wavelength to retrieve IWC results in large uncertainties. Particle size distribution is the primary cause for the uncertainty in the retrieved IWC at radar wavelengths, though particle shape and orientation also play significant roles. Particularly in this study, we demonstrate that using both transmitted waves through the clouds (extinction) and backscattered waves from the clouds to retrieve the mean particle size and then using the mean particle size for IWC retrieval reduces the uncertainty. IWC retrieval can be improved with size distribution derived from dual wavelength cloud radar. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Wenbo; Hu, Yongxiang; Lin, Bing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Liu, Zhaoyan] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Videen, Gorden] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sun, WB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Wenbo.Sun-1@nasa.gov RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.04.003 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 702LQ UT WOS:000285896600007 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Winker, D Omar, A Vaughan, M Trepte, C Hu, Y Powell, K Sun, WB Lin, B AF Liu, Zhaoyan Winker, David Omar, Ali Vaughan, Mark Trepte, Charles Hu, Yong Powell, Kathleen Sun, Wenbo Lin, Bing TI Effective lidar ratios of dense dust layers over North Africa derived from the CALIOP measurements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn DE Lidar; Lidar ratio; Extinction to backscatter ratio; CALIPSO; CALIOP; Dust aerosol; Saharan dust ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; SAHARAN DUST; RAMAN LIDAR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AEROSOL; AIRBORNE; EXTINCTION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; TRANSPORT AB Lidar ratio (i.e., extinction-to-backscatter ratio) is a key parameter required for retrieving extinction profiles and optical depths from elastic backscatter lidar measurements, and the quality of any extinction retrieval depends critically on the accuracy of the assumed or measured lidar ratio. In this study, we analyze the first two and a half years of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data acquired during nighttime. Distributions of the effective lidar ratio (ELR), which is the product of the lidar ratio and an instrument-dependent multiple scattering factor, are derived for opaque dust layers observed by CALIOP over the North Africa. The median and mean ELR values are, respectively, 36.4 and 38.5 sr at 532 nm and 47.7 and 50.3 sr at 1064 nm. For these opaque dust layers, the derived ELR decreases as the volume depolarization ratio (VDR) increases, reflecting the impact of multiple scattering within the dense layers. The particulate depolarization ratio is typically similar to 0.3 at 532 nm for African dust observed by CALIOP. This ratio can increase to similar to 0.4 in the presence of significant multiple scattering. Correspondingly, the calculated ELR will decrease to similar to 20 sr at 532 nm and to similar to 30 sr at 1064 nm. The median and mean effective lidar ratio values approach, respectively, to 38 and 40 sr at 532 nm and 52 and 55 sr at 1064 nm for smaller VDR values measured in less dense layers where the multiple scattering is relatively insignificant. These values are very close to those derived in previous case studies for moderately dense dust. Case studies are also performed to examine the impacts of multiple scattering. The results obtained are generally consistent with Monte-Carlo simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Zhaoyan] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23693 USA. [Liu, Zhaoyan; Winker, David; Omar, Ali; Vaughan, Mark; Trepte, Charles; Hu, Yong; Powell, Kathleen; Sun, Wenbo; Lin, Bing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23693 USA. EM zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.05.006 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 702LQ UT WOS:000285896600009 ER PT J AU Lawrence, R Lin, B Harrah, S Hu, Y Hunt, P Lipp, C AF Lawrence, Roland Lin, Bing Harrah, Steve Hu, Yongxiang Hunt, Patrica Lipp, Carl TI Initial flight test results of differential absorption barometric radar for remote sensing of sea surface air pressure SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn DE Atmospheric pressure; Differential absorption radar; Microwave remote sensing; Microwave differential absorption AB The accuracy of numerical weather model predictions of the intensity and track of tropical storms may be significantly improved by large spatial coverage and frequent sampling of sea surface barometry. The availability of a radar operating at moderate-to-strong O-2 absorption bands in the frequency range 50 similar to 56 GHz to remotely measure surface barometric pressure may provide such capability. At these frequencies, the strength of radar echoes from water surfaces has a strong gradient with frequencies owing to the absorption of atmospheric O-2. Our recent research has developed a technique based on the use of a dual-frequency, O-2-band radar to estimate surface barometric pressure from the measured attenuation due to O-2. The ratio of reflected radar signals at multiple wavelengths is used to minimize the effect of microwave absorption by liquid water and water vapor in the atmosphere, and the influences of sea surface reflection over the frequency of operation. A demonstration instrument has been developed to verify the differential O-2 absorption measurement approach. Recent test flights to evaluate the in-flight performance of the demonstration instrument have been completed. The measured radar return and differential O-2 absorption show good agreement with the modeled results. These flight test results are consistent with our instrumentation goal of +/- 5 mb uncertainty and indicate that our proposed differential absorption measurement approach may provide a useful measurement of sea surface pressure. Future test flights will provide higher altitude data and assess the precision of the sea surface pressure measurement for the existing demonstration radar. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lawrence, Roland] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lin, Bing; Harrah, Steve; Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Hunt, Patrica] Locheed Martin Engn Serv, Hampton, VA USA. [Lipp, Carl] ATK, Hampton, VA USA. RP Lawrence, R (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rlawrenc@odu.edu; bing.lin@nasa.gov; steven.harrah-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.06.001 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 702LQ UT WOS:000285896600014 ER PT J AU Li, JM Yi, YH Minnis, P Huang, JP Yan, HR Ma, YJ Wang, WC Ayers, JK AF Li, Jiming Yi, Yuhong Minnis, Patrick Huang, Jianping Yan, Hongru Ma, Yuejie Wang, Wencai Ayers, J. Kirk TI Radiative effect differences between multi-layered and single-layer clouds derived from CERES, CALIPSO, and CloudSat data SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn DE Cloud radiative effect; Layer thickness; Layer top (base) height; Multi-layered cloud; Single-layer cloud ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SURFACE RADIATION; TERRA SATELLITE; FLUX ESTIMATION; PART I; OVERLAP; SENSITIVITY AB Clouds alter general circulation through modification of the radiative heating profile within the atmosphere. Their effects are complex and depend on height, vertical structure, and phase. The instantaneous cloud radiative effect (CRE) induced by multilayered (ML) and single-layer (SL) clouds is estimated by analyzing data collected by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), CloudSat, and Clouds and Earth's Radiation Energy Budget System (CERES) missions from March 2007 through February 2008. The CRE differences between ML and SL clouds at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface were also examined. The zonal mean shortwave (SW) CRE differences between the ML and SL clouds at the TOA and surface were positive at most latitudes, peaking at 120 W m(-2) in the tropics and dropping to -30 W M-2 at higher latitudes. This indicated that the ML clouds usually reflected less sunlight at the TOA and transmitted more to the surface than the SL clouds, due to their higher cloud top heights. The zonal mean longwave (LW) CRE differences between ML and SL clouds at the TOA and surface were relatively small, ranging from -30 to 30 W m(-2). This showed that the ML clouds only increased the amount of thermal radiation at the TOA relative to the SL clouds in the tropics, decreasing it elsewhere. In other words, ML clouds tended to cool the atmosphere in the tropics and warm it elsewhere when compared to SL clouds. The zonal mean net CRE differences were positive at most latitudes and dominated by the SW CRE differences. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yi, Yuhong; Ayers, J. Kirk] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Li, Jiming; Huang, Jianping; Yan, Hongru; Ma, Yuejie; Wang, Wencai] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Yi, YH (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM yuhong.yi-1@nasa.gov RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.10.006 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 702LQ UT WOS:000285896600026 ER EF