FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Donnellan, A Glasscoe, M Parker, JW Granat, R McLeod, D Rundle, J Heien, E Pierce, M Wang, J Fox, G Ludwig, LG AF Donnellan, Andrea Glasscoe, Margaret Parker, Jay W. Granat, Robert McLeod, Dennis Rundle, John Heien, Eric Pierce, Marlon Wang, Jun Fox, Geoffrey Ludwig, Lisa Grant GP IEEE TI Integrating Remotely Sensed and Ground Observations for Modeling, Analysis, and Decision Support SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Earthquake science and emergency response require integration of many data types and models that cover a broad range of scales in time and space. Timely and efficient earthquake analysis and response require automated processes and a system in which the interfaces between models and applications are established and well defined. Geodetic imaging data provide observations of crustal deformation from which strain accumulation and release associated with earthquakes can be inferred. Data products are growing and tend to be either relatively large in size, on the order of 1 GB per image with hundreds or thousands of images, or high data rate, such as from 1 second GPS solutions. The products can be computationally intensive to manipulate, analyze, or model, and are unwieldy to transfer across wide area networks. Required computing resources can be large, even for a few users, and can spike when new data are made available or when an earthquake occurs. A cloud computing environment is the natural extension for some components of QuakeSim as an increasing number of data products and model applications become available to users. Storing the data near the model applications improves performance for the user. C1 [Donnellan, Andrea; Glasscoe, Margaret; Parker, Jay W.; Granat, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Pierce, Marlon; Wang, Jun; Fox, Geoffrey] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [McLeod, Dennis] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Rundle, John; Heien, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ludwig, Lisa Grant] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Donnellan, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrea.Donnellan@jpl.nasa.gov; Margaret.T.Glasccoe@jpl.nasa.gov; Jay.W.Parker@jpl.nasa.gov; Robert.Granat@jpl.nasa.gov; mcleod@usc.edu; jbrundle@ucdavis.edu; emheien@ucdavis.edu; marpierc@iu.edu; wang208@indiana.edu; gcf@indiana.edu; lgrant@uci.edu FU NASA's Advanced Information Technologies, Earth Surface and Interior; National Science Foundation [0910812] FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Indiana University, University of Southern California, and University of Californias Davis and Irvine campuses under contract with NASA. The work was sponsored by NASAs Advanced Information Technologies, Earth Surface and Interior, and Applied Sciences Programs. Part of this material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0910812 to Indiana University for "FutureGrid: An Experimental, High-Performance Grid Test-bed." NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902026 ER PT S AU Donnellan, A Green, JJ De Jong, EM Knight, R Bills, B Arrowsmith, R AF Donnellan, Andrea Green, Joseph J. De Jong, Eric M. Knight, Russell Bills, Bruce Arrowsmith, Ramon GP IEEE TI High Resolution Imaging of Dynamic Surface Processes from the ISS SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SEA-LEVEL RISE AB Spaceborne persistent multi-angle imaging allows staring at selected targets during an orbit pass. From its vantage point on the International Space Station (ISS) a persistent Earth imaging telescope would provide hundreds of high-resolution images simultaneously. Observations could be in visible and SWIR bands as it stares at a scene of interest. These images provide rich multi-angle stereo views enabling understanding of rapidly changing Earth features with many applications to Earth science and disaster response. Current academic state-of-the-art is driven by single images taken with a near nadir view. Persistent imaging could address NASA's goal of understanding how and why the Earth's environment is changing, and could be used for forecasting and mitigating the effects of natural disasters. Specifically such a mission could be used to answer the questions: 1) How are Earth's vulnerable systems reflecting changes in climate? and 2) What processes and features characterize the magnitude and extent of disasters? A mission would meet geomorphologists' requirements observing changing features such as landslides, earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, and glaciers. C1 [Donnellan, Andrea; Green, Joseph J.; De Jong, Eric M.; Knight, Russell; Bills, Bruce] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Arrowsmith, Ramon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Donnellan, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrea.Donnellan@jpl.nasa.gov; Joseph.J.Green@jpl.nasa.gov; Eric.M.DeJong@jpl.nasa.gov; Russell.L.Knight@jpl.nasa.gov; Bruce.Bills@jpl.nasa.gov; Ramon.Arrowsmith@asu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902025 ER PT S AU Dutenhoffer, C Tirona, J AF Dutenhoffer, Chelsea Tirona, Joseph GP IEEE TI The Value of SysML Modeling During System Operations: A Case Study SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB System models are often touted as engineering tools that promote better understanding of systems, but these models are typically created during system design. The Ground Data System (GDS) team for the Dawn spacecraft took on a case study to see if benefits could be achieved by starting a model of a system already in operations. This paper focuses on the four steps the team undertook in modeling the Dawn GDS: defining a model structure, populating model elements, verifying that the model represented reality, and using the model to answer system-level questions and simplify day-to-day tasks. Throughout this paper the team outlines our thought processes and the system insights the model provided. C1 [Dutenhoffer, Chelsea; Tirona, Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dutenhoffer, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Chelsea.Dutenhoffer@jpl.nasa.gov; Joseph.F.Tirona@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900037 ER PT S AU Dyrud, L Fentzke, J Bust, G Erlandson, B Whitely, S Bauer, B Arnold, S Selva, D Cahoy, K Bishop, R Wiscombe, W Lorentz, S Slagowski, S Gunter, B Trenberth, K AF Dyrud, Lars Fentzke, Jonathan Bust, Gary Erlandson, Bob Whitely, Sally Bauer, Brian Arnold, Steve Selva, Daniel Cahoy, Kerri Bishop, Rebecca Wiscombe, Warren Lorentz, Steven Slagowski, Stefan Gunter, Brian Trenberth, Kevin GP IEEE TI GEOScan: A Global, Real-Time Geoscience Facility SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB GEOScan is a proposed space-based facility of globally networked instruments that will provide revolutionary, massively dense global geosciences observations. Major scientific research projects are typically conducted using two approaches: community facilities, and investigator lead focused missions. While science from space is almost exclusively conducted within the mission model, GEOScan is a new concept designed as a constellation facility from space utilizing a suite of space-based sensors that optimizes the scientific value across the greatest number of scientific disciplines in the earth and geosciences, while constraining cost and accommodation related parameters. Our grassroots design processes target questions that have not, and will not be answered until simultaneous global measurements are made. The relatively small size, mass, and power of the GEOScan instruments make them an ideal candidate for a hosted payload aboard a global constellation of communication satellites, such as the Iridium NEXT's 66-satellite constellation. This paper will focus on the design and planning components of this new type of heterogeneous, multi-node facility concept, such as: costing, design for manufacture, science synergy, and operations of this non-traditional mission concept. We will demonstrate that this mission design concept has distinct advantages over traditional monolithic satellite missions for a number of scientific measurement priorities and data products due to the constellation configuration, scaled manufacturing and facility model. C1 [Dyrud, Lars; Fentzke, Jonathan; Bust, Gary; Erlandson, Bob; Whitely, Sally; Bauer, Brian; Arnold, Steve] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Selva, Daniel; Cahoy, Kerri] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bishop, Rebecca] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Wiscombe, Warren] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lorentz, Steven] L1 Standards & Technol Inc, New Windsor, MD USA. [Slagowski, Stefan] Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gunter, Brian] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Trenberth, Kevin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dyrud, L (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Lars.Dyrud@jhuapl.edu; kcahoy@mit.edu; Rebecca.L.Bishop@aero.org; warren.j.wiscombe@nasa.gov; Lorentz@1-1.biz; sslagowski@draper.com; b.c.gunter@tudelft.nl; trenbert@ucar.edu RI Gunter, Brian/C-7841-2014; Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Erlandson, Robert/G-2767-2015; Selva, Daniel/D-1796-2017 OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; Selva, Daniel/0000-0002-7618-5182 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902004 ER PT S AU Edwards, CD Bell, DJ Gladden, RE Ilott, PA Jedrey, TC Johnston, MD Maxwell, JL Mendoza, R McSmith, GW Potts, CL Schratz, BC Shihabi, MM Srinivasan, JM Varghese, P Sanders, SS Denis, M AF Edwards, Charles D., Jr. Bell, David J. Gladden, Roy E. Ilott, Peter A. Jedrey, Thomas C. Johnston, M. Daniel Maxwell, Jennifer L. Mendoza, Ricardo McSmith, Gaylon W. Potts, Christopher L. Schratz, Brian C. Shihabi, Mazen M. Srinivasan, Jeffrey M. Varghese, Phillip Sanders, Stephen S. Denis, Michel GP IEEE TI Relay Support for the Mars Science Laboratory Mission SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission landed the Curiosity Rover on the surface of Mars on August 6, 2012, beginning a one-Martian-year primary science mission. An international network of Mars relay orbiters, including NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey Orbiter (ODY) and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), and ESA's Mars Express Orbiter (MEX), were positioned to provide critical event coverage of MSL's Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL). The EDL communication plan took advantage of unique and complementary capabilities of each orbiter to provide robust information capture during this critical event while also providing low-latency information during the landing. Once on the surface, ODY and MRO have provided effectively all of Curiosity's data return from the Martian surface. The link from Curiosity to MRO incorporates a number of new features enabled by the Electra and Electra-Lite software-defined radios on MRO and Curiosity, respectively. Specifically, the Curiosity-MRO link has for the first time on Mars relay links utilized frequency-agile operations, data rates up to 2.048 Mb/s, suppressed carrier modulation, and a new Adaptive Data Rate algorithm in which the return link data rate is optimally varied throughout the relay pass based on the actual observed link channel characteristics. In addition to the baseline surface relay support by ODY and MRO, the MEX relay service has been verified in several successful surface relay passes, and MEX now stands ready to provide backup relay support should NASA's orbiters become unavailable for some period of time. C1 [Edwards, Charles D., Jr.; Bell, David J.; Gladden, Roy E.; Ilott, Peter A.; Jedrey, Thomas C.; Johnston, M. Daniel; Maxwell, Jennifer L.; Mendoza, Ricardo; McSmith, Gaylon W.; Potts, Christopher L.; Schratz, Brian C.; Shihabi, Mazen M.; Srinivasan, Jeffrey M.; Varghese, Phillip] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sanders, Stephen S.] Lockheed Martin Astronaut, Littleton, CO USA. [Denis, Michel] European Space Technol Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Edwards, CD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM chad.edwards@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902081 ER PT S AU El-Jaby, S Lewis, BJ Tomi, L Sihver, L Sato, T Lee, KT Johnson, AS AF El-Jaby, Samy Lewis, Brent J. Tomi, Leena Sihver, Lembit Sato, Tatsuhiko Lee, Kerry T. Johnson, A. Steve GP IEEE TI ISSCREM: International Space Station Cosmic Radiation Exposure Model SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID REFERENCE COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS; DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SOLAR-CYCLE; PHITS CODE; ENVIRONMENT; STATION/COLUMBUS; MODULATION; SHUTTLE; AIRCREW AB A semi-empirical model is derived from operational data collected aboard the International Space Station (ISS) with the U. S. tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC). The model provides daily and cumulative mission predictions of the operational dose equivalent that space-crew may receive from galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and trapped radiation (TR) sources as a function of the ISS orbit. The parametric model for GCR exposure correlates the TEPC dose equivalent rate to the cutoff rigidity at ISS altitudes while the TR parametric model relates this quantity to the mean atmospheric density at the crossing of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The influences of solar activity, flux asymmetry inside the SAA, detector orientation, and position aboard the ISS on the dose equivalent have been examined. The model has been successfully benchmarked against measured data for GCR and TR exposures to within +/-10% and +/-20%, respectively, over periods of time ranging from a single day to a full mission. In addition, preliminary estimates of the protection quantity of effective dose equivalent have been simulated using the PHITS Monte Carlo transport code. These simulations indicate that the TEPC dose equivalent is a conservative estimate of the effective dose equivalent. C1 [El-Jaby, Samy; Lewis, Brent J.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Stn 51, Chalk River, ON KOJ 1JO, Canada. [Tomi, Leena] Cardian Space Agcy, Operat Space Med, Lengueuil, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Sihver, Lembit] Chalmers, Dept Nucl Engn & Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Sato, Tatsuhiko] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nucl Sci & Engn Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 319, Japan. [Lee, Kerry T.] NASA, Space Radiat Grp, Orlando, FL 32815 USA. [Johnson, A. Steve] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adn, Space Radiat Anal Grp, Houston, TX 77258 USA. RP El-Jaby, S (reprint author), Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Stn 51, Chalk River, ON KOJ 1JO, Canada. EM eljabys@aecl.ca; lewis-b@rmc.ca; Leena.tomi@asc-csa.gc.ca; sihver@chalmers.se; sato.tatsuhiko@jaea.go.jp; kerry.t.lee@nasa.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903083 ER PT S AU Eremenko, A AF Eremenko, Alexander GP IEEE TI Aquarius Main Structure Configuration SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Aquarius/SAC-D Observatory is a joint US-Argentine mission to map the salinity at the ocean surface. This information is critical to improving our understanding of two major components of Earth's climate system - the water cycle and ocean circulation. By measuring ocean salinity from space, the Aquarius/SAC-D Mission will provide new insights into how the massive natural exchange of freshwater between the ocean, atmosphere and sea ice influences ocean circulation, weather and climate. Aquarius is the primary instrument on the SAC-D spacecraft. It consists of a Passive Microwave Radiometer to detect the surface emission that is used to obtain salinity and an Active Scatterometer to measure the ocean waves that affect the precision of the salinity measurement. The Aquarius Primary Structure houses instrument electronics, feed assemblies, and supports a deployable boom with a 2.5 m Reflector, and provides the structural interface to the SAC-D Spacecraft. The key challenge for the Aquarius main structure configuration is to satisfy the needs of component accommodations, ensuring that the instrument can meet all operational, pointing, environmental, and launch vehicle requirements. This paper describes the evolution of the Aquarius main structure configuration, the challenges of balancing the conflicting requirements, and the major configuration driving decisions and compromises.(1) C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Eremenko, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Alexander.E.Eremenko@jpl.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900006 ER PT S AU Fosse, E Delp, CL AF Fosse, Elyse Delp, Christopher L. GP IEEE TI Systems Engineering Interfaces: A Model Based Approach SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The engineering of interfaces is a critical function of the discipline of Systems Engineering. Included in interface engineering are instances of interaction. Interfaces provide the specifications of the relevant properties of a system or component that can be connected to other systems or components while instances of interaction are identified in order to specify the actual integration to other systems or components. Current Systems Engineering practices rely on a variety of documents and diagrams to describe interface specifications and instances of interaction. The SysML[1] specification provides a precise model based representation for interfaces and interface instance integration. This paper will describe interface engineering as implemented by the Operations Revitalization Task using SysML, starting with a generic case and culminating with a focus on a Flight System to Ground Interaction. The reusability of the interface engineering approach presented as well as its extensibility to more complex interfaces and interactions will be shown. Model-derived tables will support the case studies shown and are examples of model-based documentation products. C1 [Fosse, Elyse; Delp, Christopher L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fosse, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM elyse.fosse@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902078 ER PT S AU Foster, C AF Foster, Cyrus GP IEEE TI Trajectory Browser: An Online Tool for Interplanetary Trajectory Analysis and Visualization SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Trajectory Browser is a web-based tool developed at the NASA Ames Research Center for finding preliminary trajectories to planetary bodies and for providing relevant launch date, time-of-flight and Delta V requirements. The site hosts a database of transfer trajectories from Earth to planets and small-bodies for various types of missions such as rendezvous, sample return or flybys. A search engine allows the user to find trajectories meeting desired constraints on the launch window, mission duration and Delta V capability, while a trajectory viewer tool allows the visualization of the heliocentric trajectory and the detailed mission itinerary. The anticipated user base of this tool consists primarily of scientists and engineers designing interplanetary missions in the context of pre-phase A studies, particularly for performing accessibility surveys to large populations of small-bodies. The educational potential of the website is also recognized for academia and the public with regards to trajectory design, a field that has generally been poorly understood by the public. The website is currently hosted on NASA-internal URL http://trajbrowser.arc.nasa.gov/ with plans for a public release in early 2013. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Foster, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, M-S 202-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Cyrus.Foster@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902069 ER PT S AU Frank, J Spirkovska, L McCann, R Wang, L Pohlkamp, K Morin, L AF Frank, Jeremy Spirkovska, Lilijana McCann, Rob Wang, Lui Pohlkamp, Kara Morin, Lee GP IEEE TI Autonomous Mission Operations SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems Autonomous Mission Operations (AMO) project conducted an empirical investigation of the impact of time delay on today's mission operations, and of the effect of processes and mission support tools designed to mitigate time-delay related impacts. Mission operation scenarios were designed for NASA's Deep Space Habitat (DSH), an analog spacecraft habitat, covering a range of activities including nominal objectives, DSH system failures, and crew medical emergencies. The scenarios were simulated at time delay values representative of Lunar (1.2-5 sec), Near Earth Object (NEO) (50 sec) and Mars (300 sec) missions. Each combination of operational scenario and time delay was tested in a Baseline configuration, designed to reflect present-day operations of the International Space Station, and a Mitigation configuration in which a variety of software tools, information displays, and crew-ground communications protocols were employed to assist both crews and Flight Control Team (FCT) members with the long-delay conditions. Preliminary findings indicate: 1) Workload of both crewmembers and FCT members generally increased along with increasing time delay. 2) Advanced procedure execution viewers, caution and warning tools, and communications protocols such as text messaging decreased the workload of both flight controllers and crew, and decreased the difficulty of coordinating activities. 3) Whereas crew workload ratings increased between 50 sec and 300 sec of time delay in the Baseline configuration, workload ratings decreased (or remained flat) in the Mitigation configuration. C1 [Frank, Jeremy; Spirkovska, Lilijana; McCann, Rob] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop N269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wang, Lui; Pohlkamp, Kara; Morin, Lee] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Frank, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop N269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Jeremy.D.Frank@nasa.gov; lilly.spirkovska@nasa.gov; Robert.s.mccann@nasa.gov; lui.wang-1@nasa.gov; kara.m.pohlkamp@nasa.gov; lee.m.morin@nasa.gov FU NASA Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Program FX This work was funded by the NASA Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Program. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901029 ER PT S AU Gaskin, J Apple, J Chavis, KS Dietz, K Holt, M Koehler, H Lis, T O'Connor, B Otero, MR Pryor, J Ramsey, B Rinehart-Dawson, M Smith, L Sobey, A Wilson-Hodge, C Christe, S Cramer, A Edgerton, M Rodriguez, M Shih, A Gregory, D Jasper, J Bohon, S AF Gaskin, Jessica Apple, Jeff Chavis, Katherine Stevenson Dietz, Kurt Holt, Marlon Koehler, Heather Lis, Tomasz O'Connor, Brian Otero, Miguel Rodriguez Pryor, Jonathan Ramsey, Brian Rinehart-Dawson, Maegan Smith, Leigh Sobey, Alexander Wilson-Hodge, Colleen Christe, Steven Cramer, Alexander Edgerton, Melissa Rodriguez, Marcello Shih, Albert Gregory, Don Jasper, John Bohon, Steven GP IEEE TI High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun: Hard X-Ray Balloon-Borne Telescope SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Set to fly in the Fall of 2013 from Ft. Sumner, NM, the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun (HEROES) mission is a collaborative effort between the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and the Goddard Space Flight Center to upgrade an existing payload, the High Energy Replicated Optics (HERO) balloon-borne telescope, to make unique scientific measurements of the Sun and astrophysical targets during the same flight. The HEROES science payload consists of 8 mirror modules, housing a total of 109 grazingincidence optics. These modules are mounted on a carbon-fiber - and Aluminum optical bench 6 m from a matching array of high pressure xenon gas scintillation proportional counters, which serve as the focal-plane detectors. The HERO gondola utilizes a differential GPS system (backed by a magnetometer) for coarse pointing in the azimuth and a shaft angle encoder plus inclinometer provides the coarse elevation. The HEROES payload will incorporate a new solar aspect system to supplement the existing star camera, for fine pointing during both the day and night. A mechanical shutter will be added to the star camera to protect it during solar observations. HEROES will also implement two novel alignment monitoring system that will measure the alignment between the optical bench and the star camera and between the optics and detectors for improved pointing and post-flight data reconstruction. The overall payload will also be discussed. This mission is funded by the NASA HOPE (Hands On Project Experience) Training Opportunity awarded by the NASA Academy of Program/Project and Engineering Leadership, in partnership with NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Office of the Chief Engineer and Office of the Chief Technologist. C1 [Gaskin, Jessica; Apple, Jeff; Chavis, Katherine Stevenson; Dietz, Kurt; Holt, Marlon; Koehler, Heather; Lis, Tomasz; O'Connor, Brian; Otero, Miguel Rodriguez; Pryor, Jonathan; Ramsey, Brian; Rinehart-Dawson, Maegan; Smith, Leigh; Sobey, Alexander; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. [Christe, Steven; Cramer, Alexander; Edgerton, Melissa; Rodriguez, Marcello; Shih, Albert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gregory, Don; Jasper, John] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Bohon, Steven] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gaskin, J (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. EM Jessica.Gaskin@nasa.gov; Steven.D.Christe@nasa.gov; Don.Gregory@uah.edu; srbohon@ncsu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902061 ER PT S AU George, B Shams, K Knight, D Kinney, J AF George, Brett Shams, Khawaja Knight, David Kinney, Jamie GP IEEE TI Mission Critical Cloud Computing in a Week SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB NASA's vision is to "reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind." While our missions provide large volumes of unique and invaluable data to the scientific community, they also serve to inspire and educate the next generation of engineers and scientists. One critical aspect of "benefiting all humankind" is to make our missions as visible and accessible as possible to facilitate the transfer of scientific knowledge to the public. The recent successful landing of the Curiosity rover on Mars exemplified this vision: we shared the landing event via live video streaming and web experiences with millions of people around the world. The video stream on Curiosity's website was delivered by a highly scalable stack of computing resources in the cloud to cache and distribute the video stream to our viewers. While this work was done in the context of public outreach, it has extensive implications for the development of mission critical, highly available, and elastic applications in the cloud for a diverse set of use cases across NASA. C1 [George, Brett; Shams, Khawaja; Knight, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kinney, Jamie] Amazon Web Serv, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP George, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Brett.A.George@jpl.nasa.gov; Khawaja.S.Shams@jpl.nasa.gov; David.S.Knight@jpl.nasa.gov; jkinney@amazon.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902082 ER PT S AU Getty, SA Dworkin, JP Glavin, DP Martin, M Zheng, Y Balvin, M Southard, AE Feng, S Ferrance, J Kotecki, C Malespin, C Mahaffy, PR AF Getty, Stephanie A. Dworkin, Jason P. Glavin, Daniel P. Martin, Mildred Zheng, Yun Balvin, Manuel Southard, Adrian E. Feng, Steven Ferrance, Jerome Kotecki, Carl Malespin, Charles Mahaffy, Paul R. GP IEEE TI Organics Analyzer for Sampling Icy Surfaces: a Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer for Future in situ Small Body Missions SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE Liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; in situ; microfluidic ID AMINO-ACIDS; MARS; INSTRUMENT; METEORITE; EXCESSES; TIME AB Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an important laboratory technique for the detection and analysis of organic molecules with high sensitivity and selectivity. This approach has been especially fruitful in the analysis of nucleobases, amino acids, and measuring amino acid enantiomeric ratios in extraterrestrial materials. We are developing OASIS, Organics Analyzer for Sampling Icy Surfaces, for in situ analysis on future landed missions to astrochemically important icy bodies, such as asteroids, comets, and icy moons. The OASIS design employs a microfabricated, on-chip analytical column to chromatographically separate liquid analytes using known LC stationary phase chemistries. The elution products are then interfaced through spray ionization and analyzed by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). A particular advantage of our design is its suitability for microgravity environments, such as for a primitive small body. C1 [Getty, Stephanie A.; Dworkin, Jason P.; Glavin, Daniel P.; Zheng, Yun; Balvin, Manuel; Feng, Steven; Kotecki, Carl; Mahaffy, Paul R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Getty, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephanie.A.Getty@nasa.gov RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903054 ER PT S AU Graham, LD Morris, RV Graff, TG Yingst, RA ten Kate, IL Glavin, DP Hedlund, M Malespin, CA Mumm, E AF Graham, L. D. Morris, R. V. Graff, T. G. Yingst, R. A. ten Kate, I. L. Glavin, D. P. Hedlund, M. Malespin, C. A. Mumm, E. GP IEEE TI Moon and Mars Analog Mission Activities for Mauna Kea 2012 SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE analog; MMAMA; VAPoR; MESH AB Rover-based 2012 Moon and Mars Analog Mission Activities (MMAMA) scientific investigations were recently completed at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Scientific investigations, scientific input, and science operations constraints were tested in the context of an existing project and protocols for the field activities designed to help NASA achieve the Vision for Space Exploration. Initial science operations were planned based on a model similar to the operations control of the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER). However, evolution of the operations process occurred as the analog mission progressed. We report here on the preliminary sensor data results, an applicable methodology for developing an optimum science input based on productive engineering and science trades and the science operations approach for an investigation into the valley on the upper slopes of Mauna Kea identified as "Apollo Valley." C1 [Graham, L. D.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Morris, R. V.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Yingst, R. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [ten Kate, I. L.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Glavin, D. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hedlund, M.] Honeybee Robot, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Malespin, C. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Mumm, E.] Honeybee Robot, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. RP Graham, LD (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Lee.d.graham@nasa.gov; Richard.v.morris@nasa.gov; trevor.g.graff@nasa.gov; yingst@psi.edu; i.l.tenkate@uu.nl; daniel.p.glavin@nasa.gov; hedlund@smtp.honeybeerobotics.com; Charles.a.malespin@nasa.gov; mumm@honeybeerobotics.com RI Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902058 ER PT S AU Grofic, B AF Grofic, Barbara GP IEEE TI Earth Science Space Missions in the 21st Century SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In 2007, the National Research Council (NRC) published "Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond, 2007", commonly known as the "Decadal Survey". This report called for a balanced set of Earth Science Missions across the Earth Science research spectrum. In response, in February 2008, NASA's Earth Science Division reorganized into two program offices: The Earth Systematic Missions Program Office (ESM PO) at Goddard Space Flight Center which includes satellites making continuous measurements of the Earth's climate, and the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office (ESSP PO) at Langley Research Center which develops pathfinder missions through Announcements of Opportunity. In June 2010 NASA published its plan to achieve the goals of the Decadal Survey, "Responding to the Challenge of Climate and Environmental Change: NASA's Plan for a Climate-Centric Architecture for Earth Observations and Applications from Space." This plan includes support for the Decadal Survey missions as well as a set of "climate continuity missions" to address the scientific need for data continuity of key climate observations. In 2011 the NRC revisited the Decadal Survey report and published "Earth Science and Applications from Space: A Midterm Assessment of NASA's Implementation of the Decadal Survey". This report notes that progress on the Decadal Survey plan has been slower than planned due to budget shortfalls and launch vehicle failures, and stresses that the goals of the Decadal Survey are as important as ever and must still yield a scientifically-balanced program. This paper will discuss the current status of the mission/mission study portfolios of the ESMP Program and the Earth Venture solicitations of the ESSP Program and how the Programs support the goals established and reiterated by the NRC, and will discuss the risks and challenges faced by the Programs as together they strive to meet these goals. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grofic, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Barbara.Grofic@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902011 ER PT S AU Hakobyan, RS Tabiryan, NV Serabyn, E AF Hakobyan, R. S. Tabiryan, N. V. Serabyn, E. GP IEEE TI Challenging fundamental limits in the fabrication of vector vortex waveplates SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Vector vortex waveplates (VVWs) are in the heart of vortex coronagraphs aimed at exoplanet detection close to bright stars. VVWs made of liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) provide structural continuity, opportunity of high order singularities, large area, and inexpensive manufacturing technology. However, to date, the performance of such devices is compromised by imperfections in singularity area that allow some residual starlight leakage. Reducing the singularity to subwavelength sizes increases the energy of elastic deformations of the LC. As a result, the azimuthally symmetric orientation pattern gives way to 3D deformations that reduce the elastic energy of the LC. The stability of radial orientation is determined by elastic constants of the LC, the thickness of the layer and the boundary conditions. In the current paper, we examin the role of those factors to determine the fundamental limits the singularity area could be reduced to for LCP VVWs. C1 [Hakobyan, R. S.; Tabiryan, N. V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, 809 S Orlando Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Serabyn, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hakobyan, RS (reprint author), BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, 809 S Orlando Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM nelson@beamco.com; eserabyn@s383.jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA SBIR program FX The work was supported by NASA SBIR program. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902055 ER PT S AU Hibbitts, CA Kremic, T Young, E Landis, R AF Hibbitts, Charles A. Kremic, Tibor Young, Eliot Landis, Rob GP IEEE TI Science Measurements and Instruments for a Planetary Science Stratospheric Balloon Platform SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Balloon platforms operating in Earth's upper stratosphere offer a unique platform to conduct new, high value planetary science observations of our solar system and exoplanets. There are compelling science drivers for conducting observations from such a balloon platform, with several potential high value science measurements that can be accomplished with one of several instrument concepts. Observations from 100,000 to 120,000 feet, which can last from hours to months, night and day, offer significant advantages over observations from ground and aircraft platforms. The stability of the airmass at float altitude is indistinguishable from space so that diffraction-limited performance can be obtained without adaptive optics, resulting in performance at visible wavelengths better than many ground based assets with larger apertures. With >99% of the atmosphere, and almost all the telluric water and CO2, beneath the platform, previously obscured spectral windows are also now open (e.g. water, CO2, and the organic fingerprint region of 5-8 mu m), others are now fully free from telluric contributions, and observations in the mid through thermal infrared (IR), as well as shortward into the near ultraviolet (NUV), experience more than an order of magnitude less downwelling radiance than do ground based measurements enabling longer integration times and higher contrast observations. Instrument types that would support high value science include broadband and multispectral high spatial resolution NUV-NIR imagers, multispectral and hyper spectral imagers in the 2.5-5 mu m range, as well as in the 5-8 mu m range. C1 [Hibbitts, Charles A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kremic, Tibor] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Young, Eliot] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Landis, Rob] NASA Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Hibbitts, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Karl.hibbitts@jhuapl.edu; tibor.kremic@nasa.gov; efy@boulder.swri.edu; Rob.r.landis@nasa.gov RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016 OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901093 ER PT S AU Hilliard, L Racette, P Blackwell, W Galbraith, C Thompson, E AF Hilliard, Lawrence Racette, Paul Blackwell, William Galbraith, Christopher Thompson, Erik GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder (HyMAS) Architecture and Design Accommodations SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder (HyMAS) is being developed at Lincoln Laboratories and accommodated by the Goddard Space Flight Center for a flight opportunity on a NASA research aircraft. The term "hyperspectral microwave" is used to indicate an all-weather sounding that performs equivalent to hyperspectral infrared sounders in clear air with vertical resolution of approximately 1 km. Deploying the HyMAS equipped scanhead with the existing Conical Scanning Microwave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) shortens the path to a flight demonstration. Hyperspectral microwave is achieved through the use of independent RF antennas that sample the volume of the Earth's atmosphere through various levels of frequencies, thereby producing a set of dense, spaced vertical weighting functions. The simulations proposed for HyMAS 118/183-GHz system should yield surface precipitation rate and water path retrievals for small hail, soft hail, or snow pellets, snow, rainwater, etc. with accuracies comparable to those of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder. Further improvements in retrieval methodology (for example, polarization exploitation) are expected. The CoSMIR instrument is a packaging concept re-used on HyMAS to ease the integration features of the scanhead. The HyMAS scanhead will include an ultra-compact Intermediate Frequency Processor (IFP) module that is mounted inside the door to improve thermal management. The IFP is fabricated with materials made of Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology integrated with detectors, amplifiers, A/D conversion and data aggregation. The IFP will put out 52 channels of 16 bit data comprised of 4 -9 channel data streams for temperature profiles and 2-8 channel streams for water vapor. With the limited volume of the existing CoSMIR scanhead and new HyMAS front end components, the HyMAS team at Goddard began preliminary layout work inside the new drum. Importing and re-using models of the shell, the scan head computer, and the slip rings developed for CoSMIR was the starting point. The next step was to modify the antenna faceplate to accommodate the dimensions of the three dual polarization Gaussian Optics Antenna (GOA) assemblies. Two mechanical concepts for the core technology, the hyperspectral IFP, were captured in a design tradeoff. Connector models considered minimum bend radii for the IFP analog connectors. Hyperspectral imaging is accomplished by strategically using a short wavelength intermediate frequency of 18-29 GHz, and thus reducing the size of components in the connection of the front end to the IFP. The SMK (2.92mm) Series connector will lay near the hinge line to minimize its' flexing. The digital output of the IFP will use a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) that must be accommodated by the scan head computer. To make that computer more reliable, maintainable, and forward compatible with the 52 HyMAS channels, a testbed of the scan head, calibration, and archive computers and the PIC24 microprocessor that resides on the IFP is in development. The computers will be programmed using a new framework application called Interoperable Remote Component (IRC). This software allows flexibility to program computers that communicate with each other and can adapt easily to the emerging HyMAS requirements for data format, algorithms, and graphical user interface (GUI). It is expected that the CoSMIR instrument will cut over to the IRC after it is adapted on an updated CoSMIR testbed. C1 [Hilliard, Lawrence; Racette, Paul] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blackwell, William; Galbraith, Christopher] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Hilliard, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Lawrence.M.Hilliard@NASA.gov; Paul.E.Racette@NASA.gov; wjb@ll.mit.edu; chris.galbraith@ll.mit.edu; Erik.Thompson@ll.mit.edu FU NASA ESTO Advanced Component Technology program; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [FA872105-C-0002] FX The hyperspectral microwave receiver system will be integrated into a new scanhead compatible with the NASA GSFC Conical Scanning Microwave Imaging Radiometer/Compact Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR/CoSSIR) airborne instrument system to facilitate demonstration and performance characterization under funding from the NASA ESTO Advanced Component Technology program.; We would also like to acknowledge the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission which is investing in the adaptation of IRC to the aircraft instruments required for ground calibration and validation. The G-Band LNA work is underway at Goddard Space Flight Center thanks to internal Research and Development funding and previous investment in Small Business Innovative Research.; The LTCC filter development work was originally sponsored by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration under Air Force Contract FA872105-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900082 ER PT S AU Hoffman, JP Perkovic, D Ghaemi, H Horst, S Shaffer, S Veilleux, L AF Hoffman, James P. Perkovic, Dragana Ghaemi, Hirad Horst, Stephen Shaffer, Scott Veilleux, Louise GP IEEE TI Advances in Digital Calibration Techniques Enabling Real-time Beamforming SweepSAR Architectures SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Real-time digital beamforming, combined with lightweight, large aperture reflectors, enable SweepSAR architectures, which promise significant increases in instrument capability for solid earth and biomass remote sensing. These new instrument concepts require new methods for calibrating the multiple channels, which are combined on-board, in real-time. The benefit of this effort is that it enables a new class of lightweight radar architecture, Digital Beamforming with SweepSAR, providing significantly larger swath coverage than conventional SAR architectures for reduced mass and cost. This paper will review the on-going development of the digital calibration architecture for digital beamforming radar instrument, such as the proposed Earth Radar Mission's DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice) instrument. This proposed instrument's baseline design employs SweepSAR digital beamforming and requires digital calibration. We will review the overall concepts and status of the system architecture, algorithm development, and the digital calibration testbed currently being developed. We will present results from a preliminary hardware demonstration. We will also discuss the challenges and opportunities specific to this novel architecture. C1 [Hoffman, James P.; Perkovic, Dragana; Ghaemi, Hirad; Horst, Stephen; Veilleux, Louise] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hoffman, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM James.P.Hoffman@jpl.nasa.gov; Dragana.Perkovic@jpl.nasa.gov; Hirad.Ghaemi@jpl.nasa.gov; Stephen.J.Horst@jpl.nasa.gov; Scott.J.Shaffer@jpl.nasa.gov; Louise.A.Veilleux@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902009 ER PT S AU Horvath, TJ Cagle, MF Grinstead, JH Gibson, DM AF Horvath, Thomas J. Cagle, Melinda F. Grinstead, Jay H. Gibson, David M. GP IEEE TI Remote Observations of Reentering Spacecraft Including the Space Shuttle Orbiter SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SAMPLE RETURN CAPSULE; BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; ENTRY; REENTRY; RADIATION AB Flight measurement is a critical phase in development, validation and certification processes of technologies destined for future civilian and military operational capabilities. This paper focuses on several recent NASA-sponsored remote observations that have provided unique engineering and scientific insights of reentry vehicle flight phenomenology and performance that could not necessarily be obtained with more traditional instrumentation methods such as onboard discrete surface sensors. The missions highlighted include multiple spatially-resolved infrared observations of the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter during hypersonic reentry from 2009 to 2011, and emission spectroscopy of comparatively small-sized sample return capsules returning from exploration missions. Emphasis has been placed upon identifying the challenges associated with these remote sensing missions with focus on end-to-end aspects that include the initial science objective, selection of the appropriate imaging platform and instrumentation suite, target flight path analysis and acquisition strategy, pre-mission simulations to optimize sensor configuration, logistics and communications during the actual observation. Explored are collaborative opportunities and technology investments required to develop a next-generation quantitative imaging system (i.e., an intelligent sensor and platform) with greater capability, which could more affordably support cross cutting civilian and military flight test needs. C1 [Horvath, Thomas J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Horvath, TJ (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Thomas.J.Horvath@NASA.gov; Melinda.F.Cagle@NASA.gov; Jay.H.Grinstead@NASA.gov; David.M.Gibson@jhuapl.edu NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903043 ER PT S AU Israel, DJ Edwards, BL Whiteman, DE AF Israel, David J. Edwards, Bernard L. Whiteman, Donald E. GP IEEE TI Mission Concepts Utilizing a Laser Communications and DTN-Based GEO Relay Architecture SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Laser Communications and Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) are two key technologies in development for enhancement of future generation space communications. Laser Communications or lasercom holds the potential for orders of magnitude increases in data rates while also reducing communications system size, weight, and power. DTN will allow for networked communications across space links maximizing network capacity and scalability. These two technologies combined on a geosynchronous Earth relay satellite will enable new and enhanced mission concepts. The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) project, scheduled for launch in December 2017, will demonstrate these technologies and address the remaining challenges for the new architecture. This paper describes mission concepts that will be demonstrated as part of LCRD with an emphasis on how lasercom and DTN will enable and enhance future mission operations and data return. C1 [Israel, David J.; Edwards, Bernard L.; Whiteman, Donald E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Israel, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 450, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dave.israel@nasa.gov; bernard.l.edwards@nasa.gov; donald.e.whiteman@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902084 ER PT S AU Ivancic, WD Miller, EM Paulsen, PE Sage, SP AF Ivancic, William D. Miller, Eric M. Paulsen, Phillip E. Sage, Steven P. GP IEEE TI Secure, Autonomous, Intelligent Controller for Integrating Distributed Emergency Response Satellite Operations SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This report describes a Secure, Autonomous, and Intelligent Controller for Integrating Distributed Emergency Response Satellite Operations. It includes a description of current improvements to existing Virtual Mission Operations Center technology being used by US Department of Defense and originally developed under NASA funding. The report also highlights a technology demonstration performed in partnership with the United States Geological Service for Earth Resources Observation and Science using DigitalGlobe (R) satellites to obtain space-based sensor data. C1 [Ivancic, William D.; Paulsen, Phillip E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Miller, Eric M.; Sage, Steven P.] Gen Dynam Corp, Adv Informat Syst, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Ivancic, WD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM william.d.ivancic@nasa.gov; eric.miller@gd-ais.com; philli.e.paulsen@nasa.gov; Steven.Sage@gd-ais.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900075 ER PT S AU Jones, DL Lazio, J Giersch, L Hartman, J MacDowall, R Stewart, K Polisensky, E Bradley, R Weiler, K Burns, J AF Jones, Dayton L. Lazio, Joseph Giersch, Louis Hartman, Jacob MacDowall, Robert Stewart, Kenneth Polisensky, Emil Bradley, Richard Weiler, Kurt Burns, Jack GP IEEE TI Low Frequency Antenna Options for the Lunar Surface SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB There are a number of scientific motivations for low frequency radio observations from space. These include the possibility of detecting, and eventually imaging, the spectral line of neutral Hydrogen from the cosmic Dark Ages, before the first stars formed. This is the period between the creation of the cosmic microwave background and the formation of the first stars, massive black holes, and galaxies, a period of large-scale structure formation in the universe. The Hydrogen line from the Dark Ages is redshifted down to frequencies of tens of MHz. In addition, imaging and tracking of emission from solar and interplanetary radio bursts, and detecting electron cyclotron emission from extrasolar gas giant planets, all require observations at and below Earth's ionospheric cutoff. Observations far from Earth can completely eliminate ionospheric absorption and distortion, and greatly reduce terrestrial interference (both natural and human-generated). But efficient antennas at low frequency are physically large. Consequently there has been a lot of work exploring concepts for low mass, wide bandwidth low frequency antennas that can be deployed in space. This paper summarizes recent work on deployable low frequency antennas, including thin film antennas that could be unrolled on the lunar surface and inflatable antennas for both free space and lunar locations. C1 [Jones, Dayton L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [MacDowall, Robert] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stewart, Kenneth; Polisensky, Emil] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bradley, Richard] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Weiler, Kurt] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Burns, Jack] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dayton.Jones@jpl.nasa.gov; Robert.J.MacDowall@nasa.gov; ken.stewart@nrl.navy.mil; rbradley@nrao.edu; Kurt.Weiler@weilerhome.org; jack.burns@cu.edu RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012 FU Lunar University Network for Astrophysical Research (LUNAR); NASA Lunar Science Institute to investigate concepts for astrophysical observatories on the Moon [NNA09DB30A] FX Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, with support from the Lunar University Network for Astrophysical Research (LUNAR). The LUNAR consortium is funded by the NASA Lunar Science Institute to investigate concepts for astrophysical observatories on the Moon via cooperative agreement NNA09DB30A. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900060 ER PT S AU Kamhawi, H Haag, T Huang, WS Shastry, R Pinero, L Peterson, T Dankanich, J Mathers, A AF Kamhawi, Hani Haag, Thomas Huang, Wensheng Shastry, Rohit Pinero, Luis Peterson, Todd Dankanich, John Mathers, Alex GP IEEE TI High Voltage Hall Accelerator Propulsion System Development for NASA Science Missions SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB NASA Science Mission Directorate's In-Space Propulsion Technology Program is sponsoring the development of a 3.8 kW-class engineering development unit Hall thruster for implementation in NASA science and exploration missions. NASA Glenn Research Center and Aerojet are developing a high fidelity high voltage Hall accelerator (HiVHAc) thruster that can achieve specific impulse magnitudes greater than 2,700 seconds and xenon throughput capability in excess of 300 kilograms. Performance, plume mappings, thermal characterization, and vibration tests of the HiVHAc engineering development unit thruster have been performed. In addition, the HiVHAc project is also pursuing the development of a power processing unit (PPU) and xenon feed system for integration with the HiVHAc engineering development unit thruster. Colorado Power Electronics and NASA Glenn Research Center have tested a brassboard PPU for more than 1,500 hours in a vacuum environment, and a new brassboard and engineering model PPU units are under development. VACCO Industries developed a xenon flow control module which has undergone qualification testing and will be integrated with the HiVHAc thruster extended duration tests. Finally, recent mission studies have shown that the HiVHAc propulsion system has sufficient performance for four Discovery-and two New Frontiers-class NASA design reference missions. C1 [Kamhawi, Hani; Haag, Thomas; Huang, Wensheng; Shastry, Rohit; Pinero, Luis; Peterson, Todd] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Dankanich, John] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Mathers, Alex] Aeroject Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Kamhawi, H (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM hani.kamhawi-1@nasa.gov; thomas.w.haag@nasa.gov; wensheng.huang@nasa.gov; rohit.shastry@nasa.gov; luis.r.pinero@nasa.gov; todd.t.peterson@nasa.gov; john.dankanich@nasa.gov; alex.mathers@aerojet.com FU NASA FX The work described in this paper is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate In-Space Propulsion Technology office. The authors would also like to thank Kevin Blake, Mike Pastel, Richard Pollack, Kevin McCormick, George Readus, and George Jacynycz for their relentless support of the HiVHAc project. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902086 ER PT S AU Kasdin, NJ Vanderbei, RJ Sirbu, D Samuels, J Shaklan, S Lisman, D Thomson, M Cady, E Martin, S AF Kasdin, N. J. Vanderbei, R. J. Sirbu, Dan Samuels, J. Shaklan, S. Lisman, D. Thomson, M. Cady, E. Martin, S. GP IEEE TI Recent Progress on External Occulter Technology for Imaging Exosolar Planets SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Imaging planets orbiting nearby stars requires a system for suppressing the host starlight by at least ten orders of magnitude. One such approach uses an external occulter, a satellite flying far from the telescope and employing a large screen, or starshade, to suppress the incoming starlight. T his trades the added complexity of building the precisely shaped starshade and flying it in formation against simplifications in the telescope since extremely precise wavefront control is no longer necessary. Much progress has been made recently in designing, testing and manufacturing starshade technology. In this paper we describe the design of starshades and report on recent accomplishments in manufacturing and measuring a prototype occulter petal as part of NASA's first Technology Development for Exoplanet Missions (TDEM) program. We demonstrate that the as-built petal is consistent with a full-size occulter achieving better than 10(-10) contrast. We also discuss laboratory testing at the Princeton Occulter Testbed. These experiments use sub-scale, long-distance beam propagation to verify the diffraction analysis associated with occulter starlight suppression. We demonstrate roughly 10(-10) suppression in the laboratory and discuss the important challenges and limitations. C1 [Kasdin, N. J.; Vanderbei, R. J.; Sirbu, Dan; Samuels, J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shaklan, S.; Lisman, D.; Thomson, M.; Cady, E.; Martin, S.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kasdin, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jkasdin@princeton.edu; stuart.shaklan@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX I 0AF83G, NNX09AB 97G]; JPLlCaltech [1 430 1 87] FX This work was partially funded by NASA grants NNX I 0AF83G and NNX09AB 97G and JPLlCaltech grant # 1 430 1 87 . NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902018 ER PT S AU Kellogg, K Thurman, S Edelstein, W Spencer, M Chen, GS Underwood, M Njoku, E Goodman, S Jai, B AF Kellogg, Kent Thurman, Sam Edelstein, Wendy Spencer, Michael Chen, Gun-Shing Underwood, Mark Njoku, Eni Goodman, Shawn Jai, Benhan GP IEEE TI NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Observatory SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, one of the first-tier missions recommended by the 2007 U.S. National Research Council Committee on Earth Science and Applications from Space, was confirmed in May 2012 by NASA to proceed into Implementation Phase (Phase C) with a planned launch in October 2014. SMAP will produce high-resolution and accurate global maps of soil moisture and its freeze/thaw state using data from a non-imaging synthetic aperture radar and a radiometer, both operating at L-band. Major challenges addressed by the observatory design include: (1) achieving global coverage every 2-3 days with a single observatory; (2) producing both high resolution and high accuracy soil moisture data, including through moderate vegetation; (3) using a mesh reflector antenna for L-band radiometry; (4) minimizing science data loss from terrestrial L-band radio frequency interference; (5) designing fault protection that also minimizes science data loss; (6) adapting planetary heritage avionics to meet SMAP's unique application and data volume needs; (7) ensuring observatory electromagnetic compatibility to avoid degrading science; (8) controlling a large spinning instrument with a small spacecraft; and (9) accommodating launch vehicle selection late in the observatory's development lifecycle. C1 [Kellogg, Kent; Thurman, Sam; Edelstein, Wendy; Spencer, Michael; Chen, Gun-Shing; Underwood, Mark; Njoku, Eni; Goodman, Shawn; Jai, Benhan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kellogg, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Kent.H.Kellogg@jpl.nasa.gov; Sam.W.Thurman@jpl.nasa.gov; Wendy.N.Edelstein@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.W.Spencer@jpl.nasa.gov; Gun-Shing.Chen@jpl.nasa.gov; Mark.L.Underwood@jpl.nasa.gov; Eni.G.Njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; Shawn.D.Goodman@jpl.nasa.gov; Benhan.Jai@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901040 ER PT S AU Kerczewski, RJ Apaza, RD Dimond, RP AF Kerczewski, Robert J. Apaza, Rafael D. Dimond, Robert P. GP IEEE TI AeroMACS System Characterization and Demonstrations SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) is being developed to provide a new broadband wireless communications capability for safety critical communications in the airport surface domain, providing connectivity to aircraft and other ground vehicles as well as connections between other critical airport fixed assets. AeroMACS development has progressed from requirements definition through technology definition, prototype deployment and testing, and now into national and international standards development. The first prototype AeroMACS system has been deployed at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) and the adjacent NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). During the past three years, extensive technical testing has taken place to characterize the performance of the AeroMACS prototype and provide technical support for the standards development process. The testing has characterized AeroMACS link and network performance over a variety of conditions for both fixed and mobile data transmission and has included basic system performance testing and fixed and mobile applications testing. This paper provides a summary of the AeroMACS performance testing and the status of standardization activities that the testing supports. C1 [Kerczewski, Robert J.; Apaza, Rafael D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 54-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Dimond, Robert P.] Verizon Business, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kerczewski, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 54-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM rkerczewski@nasa.gov; rafael.d.apaza@nasa.gov; robert.p.dimond@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901076 ER PT S AU Khan, MO Dubos, GF Tirona, J Standley, S AF Khan, M. Omair Dubos, Gregory F. Tirona, Joseph Standley, Shaun GP IEEE TI Model-Based Verification and Validation of the SMAP Uplink Processes SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is being used increasingly within the spacecraft design community because of its benefits when compared to document-based approaches. As the complexity of projects expands dramatically with continually increasing computational power and technology infusion, the time and effort needed for verification and validation (V&V) increases geometrically. Using simulation to perform design validation with system-level models earlier in the life cycle stands to bridge the gap between design of the system (based on system-level requirements) and verifying those requirements/validating the system as a whole. This case study stands as an example of how a project can validate a system-level design earlier in the project life cycle than traditional V&V processes by using simulation on a system model. Specifically, this paper describes how simulation was added to a system model of the Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) mission's uplink process. Also discussed are the advantages and disadvantages of the methods employed and the lessons learned; which are intended to benefit future model-based and simulation-based V&V development efforts. C1 [Khan, M. Omair; Dubos, Gregory F.; Tirona, Joseph; Standley, Shaun] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Khan, MO (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Mohammed.O.Khan@jpl.nasa.gov; Gregory.F.Dubos@jpl.nasa.gov; Joseph.F.Tirona@jpl.nasa.gov; Shaun.P.Standley@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901015 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Willis, J Dodd, S Harrison, F Forster, K Craig, W Bester, M Oberg, D AF Kim, Yunjin Willis, Jason Dodd, Suzanne Harrison, Fiona Forster, Karl Craig, William Bester, Manfred Oberg, David GP IEEE TI Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Mission SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Small Explorer mission that carried the first focusing hard X-ray (6-79 keV) telescope into orbit. It was launched on a Pegasus rocket into a low-inclination Earth orbit on June 13, 2012, from Reagan Test Site, Kwajalein Atoll. NuSTAR will carry out a two-year primary science mission. The NuSTAR observatory is composed of the X-ray instrument and the spacecraft. The NuSTAR spacecraft is three-axis stabilized with a single articulating solar array based on Orbital Sciences Corporation's LEOStar-2 design. The NuSTAR science instrument consists of two co-aligned grazing incidence optics focusing on to two shielded solid state CdZnTe pixel detectors. The instrument was launched in a compact, stowed configuration, and after launch, a 10-meter mast was deployed to achieve a focal length of 10.15 m. The NuSTAR instrument provides sub-arcminute imaging with excellent spectral resolution over a 12-arcminute field of view. The NuSTAR observatory will be operated out of the Mission Operations Center (MOC) at UC Berkeley. Most science targets will be viewed for a week or more. The science data will be transferred from the UC Berkeley MOC to a Science Operations Center (SOC) located at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). In this paper, we will describe the mission architecture, the technical challenges during the development phase, and the post-launch activities. C1 [Kim, Yunjin; Willis, Jason; Dodd, Suzanne] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Harrison, Fiona; Forster, Karl] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Craig, William; Bester, Manfred] Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oberg, David] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM yunjin.kim@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley; and Orbital Sciences Corporation and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901035 ER PT S AU Kremic, T Hibbitts, K Young, E Landis, R Noll, K Baines, K AF Kremic, Tibor Hibbitts, Karl Young, Eliot Landis, Robert Noll, Keith Baines, Kevin GP IEEE TI Assessing the Potential of Stratospheric Balloons for Planetary Science SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Recent developments in high altitude balloon platform capabilities, specifically long duration flights in excess of 50 days at over 100,000 ft and precision pointing with performance at the arc sec level or better have raised the question whether this platform can be utilized for high-value planetary science observations. In January of 2012 a workshop was held at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio to explore what planetary science can be achieved utilizing such a platform. Over 40 science concepts were identified by the scientists and engineers attending the workshop. Those ideas were captured and then posted to a public website for all interested planetary scientists to review and give their comments. The results of the workshop, and subsequent community review, have demonstrated that this platform appears to have potential for high-value science at very competitive costs. Given these positive results, the assessment process was extended to include 1) examining, in more detail, the requirements for the gondola platform and the mission scenarios 2) identifying technical challenges and 3) developing one or more platform concepts in enough fidelity to enable accurate estimating of development and mission costs. This paper provides a review of the assessment, a summary of the achievable science and the challenges to make that science a reality with this platform. C1 [Kremic, Tibor] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Sci Project Off, 21000 Brookpk Rd,M-S 142-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hibbitts, Karl] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Young, Eliot] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Landis, Robert] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Noll, Keith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Baines, Kevin] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kremic, T (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Sci Project Off, 21000 Brookpk Rd,M-S 142-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Tibor.Kremic@nasa.gov; Karl.Hibbitts@jhuapl.edu; efy@boulder.swri.edu; Rob.R.Landis@nasa.gov; Keith.S.Noll@nasa.gov; kbaines@jpl.nasa.gov RI Noll, Keith/C-8447-2012; Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016 OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900030 ER PT S AU Kulczycki, E Galey, C Kennedy, B Budney, C Bame, D Van Schilfgaarde, R Aisen, N Townsend, J Younse, P Piacentine, J AF Kulczycki, Eric Galey, Charles Kennedy, Brett Budney, Charles Bame, David Van Schilfgaarde, Ryan Aisen, Norman Townsend, Julie Younse, Paulo Piacentine, Jamie GP IEEE TI The Development of a Martian Atmospheric Sample Collection Canister SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The collection of an atmospheric sample from Mars would provide significant insight to the understanding of the elemental composition and sub-surface out-gassing rates of noble gases. A team of engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology have developed an atmospheric sample collection canister for Martian application. The engineering strategy has two basic elements: first, to collect two separately sealed 50 cubic centimeter unpressurized atmospheric samples with minimal sensing and actuation in a self contained pressure vessel; and second, to package this atmospheric sample canister in such a way that it can be easily integrated into the orbiting sample capsule for collection and return to Earth. Sample collection and integrity are demonstrated by emulating the atmospheric collection portion of the Mars Sample Return mission on a compressed timeline. The test results achieved by varying the pressure inside of a thermal vacuum chamber while opening and closing the valve on the sample canister at Mars ambient pressure. A commercial off-the-shelf medical grade micro-valve is utilized in the first iteration of this design to enable rapid testing of the system. The valve has been independently leak tested at JPL to quantify and separate the leak rates associated with the canister. The results are factored in to an overall system design that quantifies mass, power, and sensing requirements for a Martian atmospheric Sample Collection (MASC) canister as outlined in the Mars Sample Return mission profile. Qualitative results include the selection of materials to minimize sample contamination, preliminary science requirements, priorities in sample composition, flight valve selection criteria, a storyboard from sample collection to loading in the orbiting sample capsule, and contributions to maintaining "Earth" clean exterior surfaces on the orbiting sample capsule. C1 [Kulczycki, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Vehicles & Manipulators Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Galey, Charles] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kennedy, Brett; Aisen, Norman; Younse, Paulo] Jet Prop Lab, Robot Vehicles & Manipulators, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Van Schilfgaarde, Ryan] Jet Prop Lab, Struct & Configurat, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Budney, Charles] Jet Prop Lab, Pre Projects Syst Engn, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bame, David] Jet Prop Lab, Thermal & Fluid Syst, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Townsend, Julie] Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Manipulat, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Piacentine, Jamie] Jet Prop Lab, Spacecraft Design Engn, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kulczycki, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Vehicles & Manipulators Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Eric.A.Kulczycki@jpl.nasa.gov; cgaley@umich.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900045 ER PT S AU Lehman, DH Hoffman, TL Havens, GG AF Lehman, David H. Hoffman, Tom L. Havens, Glen G. GP IEEE TI The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Mission SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission, launched in September 2011, successfully completed its Primary Science Mission in June 2012 and Extended Mission in December 2012. Competitively selected under a NASA Announcement of Opportunity in December 2007, GRAIL is a Discovery Program mission subject to a mandatory project cost cap. The purpose of the mission is to precisely map the gravitational field of the Moon to reveal its internal structure from crust to core, determine its thermal evolution, and extend this knowledge to other planets. The mission used twin spacecraft flying in tandem to provide the gravity map. The GRAIL Flight System, consisting of the spacecraft and payload, was developed based on significant heritage from previous missions such as an experimental U. S. Air Force satellite, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) mission, and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. The Mission Operations System (MOS) was based on high-heritage multimission operations developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Lockheed Martin. Both the Flight System and MOS were adapted to meet the unique challenges posed by the GRAIL mission design. This paper summarizes the implementation challenges and accomplishments of getting GRAIL ready for launch. It also discusses the in-flight challenges and experiences of operating two spacecraft, and mission results. C1 [Lehman, David H.; Hoffman, Tom L.; Havens, Glen G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lehman, DH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.h.lehman@jpl.nasa.gov; tom.l.hoffman@jpl.nasa.gov; glen.havens@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900053 ER PT S AU Leising, CJ Wessen, R Ellyin, R Rosenberg, L Leising, A AF Leising, Charles J. Wessen, Randii Ellyin, Ray Rosenberg, Leigh Leising, Adam GP IEEE TI Spacecraft Complexity Subfactors and Implications on Future Cost Growth SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB During the last ten years the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has used a set of cost-risk subfactors to independently estimate the magnitude of development risks that may not be covered in the high level cost models employed during early concept development. Within the last several years the Laboratory has also developed a scale of Concept Maturity Levels with associated criteria to quantitatively assess a concept's maturity. This latter effort has been helpful in determining whether a concept is mature enough for accurate costing but it does not provide any quantitative estimate of cost risk. Unfortunately today's missions are significantly more complex than when the original cost-risk subfactors were first formulated. Risks associated with complex missions are not being adequately evaluated and future cost growth is being underestimated. The risk subfactor process needed to be updated. This paper updates the cost-risk subfactors to make them more appropriate for complex systems and integrates them with Concept Maturity Levels in order to provide quantitative estimates of cost risk. The eventual goal is to be able to identify cost risks early enough in the project lifecycle to be "engineered" out of the design. The approach works over a range of concept complexities ranging from Flagship missions to simple Earth orbiters. A complex system is defined as one containing multiple technical and programmatic elements and interfaces that interact with varying, difficult- to- characterize outcomes. Thirty-three complexity factors are defined in such a way that they can be easily evaluated early in concept development and used in combination with estimated maturity to predict future cost growth. They are grouped into four categories: (1) project technical design complexity, (2) project programmatic complexity, (3) lack of resiliency, and (4) new design challenge. The data is based on interviews with Project Managers and system engineers on seven recent flight projects. Results indicate that the major factors contributing to a project's complexity can be identified early enough to be useful in reducing development risk. This paper describes the thirty-three complexity factors, how they can be evaluated, and how they can be combined with Concept Maturity Levels to predict future cost growth. C1 [Leising, Charles J.; Wessen, Randii; Ellyin, Ray; Rosenberg, Leigh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Leising, Adam] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Leising, CJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM JeffLeising@gmail.com; Randii.R.Wessen@jpl.nasa.gov; Raymond.Ellyin@jpl.nasa.gov; Leigh.S.Rosenberg@jpl.nasa.gov; ALeising@stanford.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902022 ER PT S AU Mackey, R Uckun, S Do, M Shah, J AF Mackey, Ryan Uckun, Serdar Do, Minh Shah, Jami GP IEEE TI FRACSAT: Automated Design Synthesis for Future Space Architectures SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes the algorithmic basis and development of FRACSAT (FRACtionated Spacecraft Architecture Toolkit), a new approach to conceptual design, cost-benefit analysis, and detailed trade studies for space systems. It provides an automated capability for exploration of candidate spacecraft architectures, leading users to near-optimal solutions with respect to user-defined requirements, risks, and program uncertainties. FRACSAT utilizes a sophisticated planning algorithm (PlanVisioner) to perform a quasi-exhaustive search for candidate architectures, constructing candidates from an extensible model-based representation of space system components and functions. These candidates are then evaluated with emphasis on the business case, computing the expected design utility and system costs as well as risk, presenting the user with a greatly reduced selection of candidates. The user may further refine the search according to cost or benefit uncertainty, adaptability, or other performance metrics as needed. C1 [Mackey, Ryan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Uckun, Serdar] CyDesign Labs Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Do, Minh] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shah, Jami] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Mackey, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ryan.M.Mackey@jpl.nasa.gov; uckun@cydesign.com; Minh.Do@nasa.gov; Jami.Shah@asu.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [NNA11AB07C]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology FX This work was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract NNA11AB07C. Work was conducted in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Government support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902032 ER PT S AU Malone, P Apgar, H Stukes, S Sterk, S AF Malone, Patrick Apgar, Henry Stukes, Sherry Sterk, Steve GP IEEE TI Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Unique Cost Estimating Requirements SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also referred to as drones, are aerial platforms that fly without a human pilot onboard. UAVs are controlled autonomously by a computer in the vehicle or under the remote control of a pilot stationed at a fixed ground location. There are a wide variety of drone shapes, sizes, configurations, complexities, and characteristics. Use of these devices by the Department of Defense (DoD), NASA, civil and commercial organizations continues to grow. UAVs are commonly used for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR). They are also use for combat operations, and civil applications, such as firefighting, non-military security work, surveillance of infrastructure (e. g. pipelines, power lines and country borders). UAVs are often preferred for missions that require sustained persistence (over 4 hours in duration), or are "too dangerous, dull or dirty" for manned aircraft. Moreover, they can offer significant acquisition and operations cost savings over traditional manned aircraft. Because of these unique characteristics and missions, UAV estimates require some unique estimating methods. This paper describes a framework for estimating UAV systems total ownership cost including hardware components, software design, and operations. The challenge of collecting data, testing the sensitivities of cost drivers, and creating cost estimating relationships (CERs) for each key work breakdown structure (WBS) element is discussed. The autonomous operation of UAVs is especially challenging from a software perspective. In some sense, UAVs offer estimating challenges similar to that of estimating unmanned space probes where the purpose of the platform is to transport, protect, and operate the high technology and expensive payloads. Similar to space probes, the cost of the UAV payload usually exceeds the cost of the air vehicle. In some military applications, the surviving UAV payload can be salvaged and installed in a replacement air vehicle for continued use. This paper provides a discussion of UAV-unique estimating requirements, recommends an estimating framework, including a WBS consistent with MIL-STD-881C, and describes available CERs (incorporating both physical and performance cost drivers), highlighting software estimating considerations. Finally, this paper summarizes our findings and provides suggestions for future study needed to improve the quality of UAV estimates. C1 [Malone, Patrick; Apgar, Henry] MCR Technol LLC, 390 N Sepulveda Blvd,Ste 1050, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Stukes, Sherry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sterk, Steve] NASA, Dryden Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Malone, P (reprint author), MCR Technol LLC, 390 N Sepulveda Blvd,Ste 1050, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM pmalone@mcri.com; hapgar@mcri.com; sherry.a.stukes@jpl.nasa.gov; steve.a.sterk@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900039 ER PT S AU Manor-Chapman, E AF Manor-Chapman, Emily GP IEEE TI Twenty Years of Systems Engineering on the Cassini-Huygens Mission SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID PROBE AB Over the past twenty years, the Cassini-Huygens Mission has successfully utilized systems engineering to develop and execute a challenging prime mission and two mission extensions. Systems engineering was not only essential in designing the mission, but as knowledge of the system was gained during cruise and science operations, it was critical in evolving operational strategies and processes. This paper discusses systems engineering successes, challenges, and lessons learned on the Cassini-Huygens Mission gathered from a thorough study of mission plans and developed scenarios, and interviews with key project leaders across its twenty-year history. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Manor-Chapman, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Emily.A.Manor@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901027 ER PT S AU Manor-Chapman, E AF Manor-Chapman, Emily GP IEEE TI Cassini Solstice Mission Overview and Science Results SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In October 2010, after 6.25 years of successful observations in orbit around Saturn, the Cassini project embarked on a new phase of exploration called the Cassini Solstice Mission. This mission phase not only continues and enhances the goals of the prime mission, but aims to study seasonal-scale phenomena of Saturn's rings, atmosphere, magnetosphere, icy satellites, and Titan. The Saturn year is almost 30 Earth-years long and the eight Earth-years of observations completed so far have spanned the majority of the northern winter/ southern summer through equinox. The northern summer/ southern winter is now approaching and solstice will occur in May 2017; Cassini plans to be in orbit until September of that year. The Solstice Mission features 54 close flybys of Titan, 11 close flybys of Enceladus, 5 close flybys of other icy satellites, and 154 additional orbits of Saturn. The mission will culminate with a spectacular series of orbits that bring Cassini between Saturn's innermost ring and the cloud tops of the planet. This paper provides an overview of the Solstice Mission, systems engineering strategies employed to maintain or improve the science achieved within limited budgets, and highlights exciting science results from the first two years of the Solstice Mission phase to date. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Manor-Chapman, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Emily.A.Manor@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901025 ER PT S AU McDonald, MS Sekerak, MJ Gallimore, AD Hofer, RR AF McDonald, Michael S. Sekerak, Michael J. Gallimore, Alec D. Hofer, Richard R. GP IEEE TI Plasma Oscillation Effects on Nested Hall Thruster Operation and Stability SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB High-power Hall thrusters capable of throughput on the order of 100 kW are currently under development, driven by more demanding mission profiles and rapid growth in on-orbit solar power generation capability. At these power levels the nested Hall thruster (NHT), a new design that concentrically packs multiple thrusters into a single body with a shared magnetic circuit, offers performance and logistical advantages over conventional single-channel Hall thrusters. An important area for risk reduction in NHT development is quantifying inter-channel coupling between discharge channels. This work presents time-and frequency-domain discharge current and voltage measurements paired with high-speed video of the X2, a 10-kW class dual channel NHT. Two "triads" of operating conditions at 150 V, 3.6 kW and 250 V, 8.6 kW were examined, including each channel in individual operation and both channels in joint operation. For both triads tested, dual-channel operation did not noticeably destabilize the discharge. Partial coupling of outer channel oscillations into the inner channel occurred at 150 V, though oscillation amplitudes did not change greatly. As a percentage of mean discharge current, RMS oscillations at 150 V increased from 8% to 13% on the inner channel and decreased from 10% to 8% on the outer channel from single-to dual-channel operation. At 250 V the RMS/mean level stayed steady at 13% on the inner channel and decreased from 7% to 6% on the outer channel. The only mean discharge parameter noticeably affected was the cathode floating potential, which decreased in magnitude below ground with increased absolute cathode flow rate in dual-channel mode. Rotating spokes were detected on high-speed video across all X2 operating cases with wavelength 12-18 cm, and spoke velocity generally increased from single-to dual-channel operation. C1 [McDonald, Michael S.; Sekerak, Michael J.; Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hofer, Richard R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP McDonald, MS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM msmcdon@umich.edu; msekerak@umich.edu; alec.gallimore@umich.edu; richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902053 ER PT S AU Moision, B Asmar, S Oudrhiri, K AF Moision, Bruce Asmar, Sami Oudrhiri, Kamal GP IEEE TI Radio Science from an Optical Communications Signal SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB NASA is currently developing the capability to deploy deep space optical communications links. This creates the opportunity to utilize the optical link to obtain range, Doppler, and signal intensity estimates. These may, in turn, be used to complement or extend the capabilities of current radio science. In this paper we illustrate the achievable parameter estimation errors in estimating range, Doppler, and received signal intensity of a one-way non-coherent optical link. We provide a joint estimation algorithm with performance close to the Cramer-Rao bound. We draw comparisons to range estimates based on a coherent radio frequency signal, illustrating that large gains in either precision or observation time are possible with an optical link. C1 [Moision, Bruce; Asmar, Sami; Oudrhiri, Kamal] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Moision, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Bruce.Moision@jpl.nasa.gov; Sami.Asmari@jpl.nasa.gov; Kamal.Oudrhiri@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902031 ER PT S AU Montgomery, E Curran, J Calle, LM Kolody, M AF Montgomery, Eliza Curran, Jerome Calle, Luz Marina Kolody, Mark GP IEEE TI Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Preventive Compounds for Ground Support Structures SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The need to use environmentally friendly technologies throughout future space-related launch programs prompted a study aimed at replacing current petroleum and solvent-based corrosion preventive compounds (CPCs) with environmentally friendly alternatives. The work in this paper focused on the identification and evaluation of environmentally friendly CPCs for use in protecting flight hardware and ground support equipment from atmospheric corrosion. CPCs are used as temporary protective coatings and must survive in the aggressive coastal marine environment that exists throughout the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The different protection behaviors of fifteen different oily film CPCs, both common petroleum-based and newer environmentally friendly types, were evaluated on various steel and aluminum substrates. CPC and substrate systems were subjected to atmospheric testing at the Kennedy Space Center's Beachside Atmospheric Corrosion Test Site, as well as cyclic accelerated corrosion testing. Each CPC also underwent physical characterization and launch-related compatibility testing. The results for the fifteen CPC systems are presented in this paper. C1 [Montgomery, Eliza; Curran, Jerome; Kolody, Mark] ESC Team QNA, Mailstop ESC 5, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Calle, Luz Marina] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Montgomery, E (reprint author), ESC Team QNA, Mailstop ESC 5, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM eliza.l.montgomery@nasa.gov; jerome.p.curran@nasa.gov; luz.m.calle@nasa.gov; mark.r.kolody@nasa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902088 ER PT S AU Mueller, R Smith, JD Lippitt, T Schuler, J Nick, A AF Mueller, Robert Smith, Jonathan Drew Lippitt, Thomas Schuler, Jason Nick, Andrew GP IEEE TI Reducing Extra-Terrestrial Excavation Forces with Percussion SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB High launch costs and mission requirements drive the need for low mass excavators with mobility platforms, which in turn have little traction and excavation reaction capacity in low gravity environments. This presents the need for precursor and long term future missions with low mass robotic mining technology to perform In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) tasks. This paper discusses a series of experiments that investigate the effectiveness of a percussive digging device to reduce excavation loads and thereby the mass of the excavator itself. A percussive mechanism and 30" wide pivoting bucket were attached to a test stand simulating a basic backhoe with a percussion direction tangent to the direction of movement. Impact energies from 13.6J to 30.5J and frequencies from 0 to 700 beats per minute (BPM) were investigated. A reduction in excavation force of as much as 50% was achieved in this experimental investigation. C1 [Mueller, Robert; Smith, Jonathan Drew; Lippitt, Thomas] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Mueller, R (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Rob.Mueller@nasa.gov; Jonathan.D.Smith@nasa.gov; Thomas.Lippitt@nasa.gov; Jason.M.Schuler@nasa.gov; Andrew.J.Nick@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902002 ER PT S AU Mueller, RP Cox, RE Ebert, T Smith, JD Schuler, JM Nick, AJ AF Mueller, Robert P. Cox, Rachel E. Ebert, Tom Smith, Jonathan D. Schuler, Jason M. Nick, Andrew J. GP IEEE TI Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Regolith is abundant on extra-terrestrial surfaces and is the source of many resources such as oxygen, hydrogen, titanium, aluminum, iron, silica and other valuable materials, which can be used to make rocket propellant, consumables for life support, radiation protection barrier shields, landing pads, blast protection berms, roads, habitats and other structures and devices. Recent data from the Moon also indicates that there are substantial deposits of water ice in permanently shadowed crater regions and possibly under an over burden of regolith. The key to being able to use this regolith and acquire the resources, is being able to manipulate it with robotic excavation and hauling machinery that can survive and operate in these very extreme extra-terrestrial surface environments. In addition, the reduced gravity on the Moon, Mars, comets and asteroids poses a significant challenge in that the necessary reaction force for digging cannot be provided by the robot's weight as is typically done on Earth. Space transportation is expensive and limited in capacity, so small, lightweight payloads are desirable, which means large traditional excavation machines are not a viable option. A novel, compact and lightweight excavation robot prototype for manipulating, excavating, acquiring, hauling and dumping regolith on extra-terrestrial surfaces has been developed and tested. Lessons learned and test results will be presented including digging in a variety of lunar regolith simulant conditions including frozen regolith mixed with water ice C1 [Mueller, Robert P.; Cox, Rachel E.; Ebert, Tom; Smith, Jonathan D.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Schuler, Jason M.; Nick, Andrew J.] ESC, KSC, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Mueller, RP (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM rob.mueller@nasa.gov; rachel.cox@nasa.gov; tom.ebert-1@nasa.gov; jonathan.d.smith@nasa.gov; jason.m.schuler@nasa.gov; andrew.j.nick@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903004 ER PT S AU Murray, A Shahabuddin, M AF Murray, Alexander Shahabuddin, Mohammad GP IEEE TI Aquarius' Object-Oriented, Plug and Play Component-Based Flight Software SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Aquarius mission involves a combined radiometer and radar instrument in low-Earth orbit, providing monthly global maps of Sea Surface Salinity. Operating successfully in orbit since June, 2011, the spacecraft bus was furnished by the Argentine space agency, Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument, built jointly by NASA's Caltech/JPL and Goddard Space Flight Center, has been successfully producing expectation-exceeding data since it was powered on in August of 2011. In addition to the radiometer and scatterometer, the instrument contains an command & data-handling subsystem with a computer and flight software (FSW) that is responsible for managing the instrument, its operation, and its data. Aquarius' FSW is conceived and architected as a Component-based system, in which the running software consists of a set of Components, each playing a distinctive role in the subsystem, instantiated and connected together at runtime. Component architectures feature a well-defined set of interfaces between the Components, visible and analyzable at the architectural level. As we will describe, this kind of an architecture offers significant advantages over more traditional FSW architectures, which often feature a monolithic runtime structure. Component-based software is enabled by Object-Oriented (OO) techniques and languages, the use of which again is not typical in space mission FSW. We will argue in this paper that the use of OO design methods and tools (especially the Unified Modeling Language), as well as the judicious usage of C++, are very well suited to FSW applications, and we will present Aquarius FSW, describing our methods, processes, and design, as a successful case in point. C1 [Murray, Alexander; Shahabuddin, Mohammad] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Murray, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM alex.murray@jpl.nasa.gov; shahab@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902054 ER PT S AU Nayak, M Beck, J Udrea, B AF Nayak, Michael Beck, Jaclyn Udrea, Bogdan GP IEEE TI Real-Time Attitude Commanding to Detect Coverage Gaps and Generate High Resolution Point Clouds for RSO Shape Characterization with a Laser Rangefinder SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID MOSAICS AB This paper expands on previous studies by the authors into 3D imaging with a single-beam laser rangefinder (LRF) by implementing real-time attitude maneuvers of a chaser satellite flying in relative orbit around a resident space object (RSO). Point clouds generated with an LRF are much sparser than those generated with an imaging LIDAR, making it difficult to autonomously distinguish between gaps in coverage and truly empty space. Furthermore, if both the attitude and the shape of the target RSO are unknown, it is particularly difficult to register a collection of LRF strike points together and detect gaps in strike point coverage in real-time. This paper presents the incorporation of a narrow field-of-view (NFOV) camera that detects the strike point on the RSO and supplements LRF distance measurements with image data. This data is used to generate attitude command profiles that efficiently fill LRF coverage gaps and generate high density point clouds, thus maximizing coverage of an unknown RSO. Results obtained so far point the way to a real-time implementation of the algorithm. A method to detect and close gaps in LRF strike point coverage is presented first. Coverage gap detection is achieved using Voronoi diagrams, where Voronoi cells are centered at the LRF strike points. A three-part algorithm is used that 1) creates a 3D panoramic map from "stitched" NFOV camera images; 2) correlates the areas of sparse LRF coverage to the map; and 3) generates attitude commands to close the coverage gaps. The map provides a consistent and reliable method to register positions of strike points relative to each other and to the NFOV image of the RSO without a priori knowledge of the RSO attitude. Using this algorithm, gaps and sparse areas in LRF coverage are covered with strike points, allowing for the generation of a higher-resolution point cloud than that obtained with preprogrammed attitude profiles. Attitude maneuvers can now be designed on-line in real-time such that they satisfy the constraints of the chaser spacecraft attitude determination and control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the camera-aided generation of attitude profiles is analyzed by using a weighted edge reconstruction metric, and comparing results to those generated with pre-programmed attitude maneuvers. The effect of on-line maneuver generation on the overall decrease of time and propellant expenditure to generate an adequate point cloud is also discussed. The analysis bears particular relevance to low-budget, nano-satellite demonstration missions for space-based space situational awareness (SSA). C1 [Nayak, Michael] Space Dev & Test Directorate, 3584 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Beck, Jaclyn] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Udrea, Bogdan] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. RP Nayak, M (reprint author), Space Dev & Test Directorate, 3584 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Michael.Nayak@kirtland.af.mil; Jaclyn.R.Beck@nasa.gov; Bogdan.Udrea@erau.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900048 ER PT S AU Nayak, M Beck, J Udrea, B AF Nayak, Michael Beck, Jaclyn Udrea, Bogdan GP IEEE TI Design of Relative Motion and Attitude Profiles for Three-Dimensional Resident Space Object Imaging with a Laser Rangefinder SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper focuses on the aerospace application of a single beam laser rangefinder (LRF) for 3D imaging, shape detection, and reconstruction in the context of a space-based space situational awareness (SSA) mission scenario. The primary limitation to 3D imaging from LRF point clouds is the one-dimensional nature of the single beam measurements. A method that combines relative orbital motion and scanning attitude motion to generate point clouds has been developed and the design and characterization of multiple relative motion and attitude maneuver profiles are presented. The target resident space object (RSO) has the shape of a generic telecommunications satellite. The shape and attitude of the RSO are unknown to the chaser satellite however, it is assumed that the RSO is un-cooperative and has fixed inertial pointing. All sensors in the metrology chain are assumed ideal. A previous study by the authors used pure Keplerian motion to perform a similar 3D imaging mission at an asteroid. A new baseline for proximity operations maneuvers for LRF scanning, based on a waypoint adaptation of the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire (HCW) equations is examined. Propellant expenditure for each waypoint profile is discussed and combinations of relative motion and attitude maneuvers that minimize the propellant used to achieve a minimum required point cloud density are studied. Both LRF strike-point coverage and point cloud density are maximized; the capability for 3D shape registration and reconstruction from point clouds generated with a single beam LRF without catalog comparison is proven. Next, a method of using edge detection algorithms to process a point cloud into a 3D modeled image containing reconstructed shapes is presented. Weighted accuracy of edge reconstruction with respect to the true model is used to calculate a qualitative "metric" that evaluates effectiveness of coverage. Both edge recognition algorithms and the metric are independent of point cloud density, therefore they are utilized to compare the quality of point clouds generated by various attitude and waypoint command profiles. The RSO model incorporates diverse irregular protruding shapes, such as open sensor covers, instrument pods and solar arrays, to test the limits of the algorithms. This analysis is used to mathematically prove that point clouds generated by a single-beam LRF can achieve sufficient edge recognition accuracy for SSA applications, with meaningful shape information extractable even from sparse point clouds. For all command profiles, reconstruction of RSO shapes from the point clouds generated with the proposed method are compared to the truth model and conclusions are drawn regarding their fidelity. C1 [Nayak, Michael] Space Dev & Test Directorate, 3584 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Beck, Jaclyn] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Udrea, Bogdan] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. RP Nayak, M (reprint author), Space Dev & Test Directorate, 3584 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Michael.Nayak@kirtland.af.mil; Jaclyn.R.Beck@nasa.gov; Bogdan.Udrea@erau.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900024 ER PT S AU Oaida, BV Abrahamson, MJ Witoff, RJ Martinez, JNB Zayas, DA AF Oaida, Bogdan V. Abrahamson, Matthew J. Witoff, Robert J. Martinez, Jessica N. Bowles Zayas, Daniel A. GP IEEE TI OPALS: An Optical Communications Technology Demonstration from the International Space Station SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Optical communication using space borne lasers has long promised to increase the amount of science data transmitted down to Earth. A first step in achieving operational capability is demonstrating the fundamentals of the optical link in an equivalent environment. The International Space Station, with its vast capability, is well suited to accommodate payloads aimed at advancing the readiness of such technologies. The Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS), to be launched to and operated on the ISS in late 2013, will attempt to downlink a short video to an optical ground station in California using a 1550 nanometer, 2.5 watt laser, over the course of a 90 day mission. To achieve this, in addition to designing and building the ISS payload, the OPALS team has increased the capability of the existing ground station, as well as developed the interface to the ISS infrastructure that will allow operators to command it. This paper will discuss the drivers and constraints created by designing to existing interfaces (ISS flight, ISS operational, ground system) while following a Class D payload implementation (NASA NPR 8705.4). The paper will also provide some specific examples of programmatic and technical areas that have been shaped by these drivers and constraints. C1 [Oaida, Bogdan V.; Abrahamson, Matthew J.; Witoff, Robert J.; Martinez, Jessica N. Bowles; Zayas, Daniel A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Oaida, BV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bogdan@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902030 ER PT S AU Oudrhiri, K Asmar, S Estabrook, P Kahan, D Mukai, R Ilott, P Schratz, B Soriano, M Finley, S Shidner, J AF Oudrhiri, Kamal Asmar, Sami Estabrook, Polly Kahan, Daniel Mukai, Ryan Ilott, Peter Schratz, Brian Soriano, Melissa Finley, Susan Shidner, Jeremy GP IEEE TI Sleuthing the MSL EDL Performance from an X band Carrier Perspective SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB During the Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), or Curiosity, rover to Gale Crater on Mars on August 6, 2012 UTC, the rover transmitted an X-band signal composed of carrier and tone frequencies and a UHF signal modulated with an 8kbps data stream. During EDL, the spacecraft's orientation is determined by its guidance and mechanical subsystems to ensure that the vehicle land safely at its destination. Although orientation to maximize telecom performance is not possible, antennas are especially designed and mounted to provide the best possible line of sight to Earth and to the Mars orbiters supporting MSL's landing. The tones and data transmitted over these links are selected carefully to reflect the most essential parameters of the vehicle's state and the performance of the EDL subsystems for post-EDL reconstruction should no further data transmission from the vehicle be possible. This paper addresses the configuration of the X band receive system used at NASA/JPL's Deep Space Network (DSN) to capture the signal spectrum of MSL's X band carrier and tone signal, examines the MSL vehicle state information obtained from the X band carrier signal only and contrasts the Doppler-derived information against the post-EDL known vehicle state. The paper begins with a description of the MSL EDL sequence of events and discusses the impact of the EDL maneuvers such as guided entry, parachute deploy, and powered descent on the frequency observables expected at the DSN. The range of Doppler dynamics possible is derived from extensive 6 Degrees-Of-Freedom (6 DOF) vehicle state calculations performed by MSL's EDL simulation team. The configuration of the DSN's receive system, using the Radio Science Receivers (RSR) to perform open-loop recording for both for nominal and off-nominal EDL scenarios, is detailed. Expected signal carrier power-to-noise levels during EDL are shown and their impact on signal detection is considered. Particular attention is given to the selection of the appropriate RSR processing bandwidths and to its configuration for real-time signal detection. The X-band carrier frequency obtained through post-processing of the open-loop recorded spectrum is given. Detection of spacecraft status and completion of key vehicle events through their Doppler signature is discussed and illustrated. This Doppler-derived information is compared against the very accurate vehicle data obtained post-EDL via MSL's UHF radio subsystem. The paper concludes with a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of transmitting the X-band carrier and tone signal in the general context of EDL communications and lessons learned for future missions with EDL sequences are given. C1 [Oudrhiri, Kamal; Asmar, Sami; Estabrook, Polly; Kahan, Daniel; Mukai, Ryan; Ilott, Peter; Schratz, Brian; Soriano, Melissa; Finley, Susan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Shidner, Jeremy] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Oudrhiri, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Kamal.Oudrhiri@jpl.nasa.gov; Jeremy.D.Shidner@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903081 ER PT S AU Parness, A Hilgendorf, T Daniel, P Frost, M White, V Kennedy, B AF Parness, Aaron Hilgendorf, Tyler Daniel, Phillip Frost, Matt White, Victor Kennedy, Brett GP IEEE TI Controllable ON-OFF Adhesion for Earth Orbit Grappling Applications SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID DIRECTIONAL ADHESION; GECKO; ARRAYS; SETAE AB ON-OFF adhesives can benefit multiple Earth orbit applications by providing the capability to selectively anchor two surfaces together repeatedly and releasably without significant preload. Key to this new capability, targets will not need special preparation; ON-OFF adhesives can be used with cooperative and non-cooperative objects, like defunct satellites or space debris. Using an ON-OFF adhesive gripper allows large surfaces on a target to serve as potential grapple points, reducing the precision needed in the sensing and control throughout the grapple operation. A space-rated adhesive structure is presented that can be turned ON-OFF using a slight sliding motion. This adhesive mimics the geometry and performance characteristics of the adhesive structures found on the feet of gecko lizards. Results from adhesive testing on common orbital surfaces like solar panels, thermal blankets, composites, and painted surfaces are presented. Early environmental testing results from cold temperature and vacuum tests are also presented. Finally, the paper presents the design, fabrication, and preliminary testing of a gripping mechanism enabled by these ON-OFF adhesives in preparation for satellite-servicing applications. Adhesive levels range from near zero on rough surfaces to more than 75 kPa on smooth surfaces like glass. C1 [Parness, Aaron; Frost, Matt; White, Victor; Kennedy, Brett] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hilgendorf, Tyler] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Daniel, Phillip] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Parness, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Aaron.Parness@jpl.nasa.gov; tylerfh@neo.tamu.edu; docphil@mit.edu; Matthew.A.Frost@jpl.nasa.gov; vewhite@jpl.nasa.gov; bkennedy@jpl.nasa.gov FU DARPA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory Office of the Chief Scientist and Chief Technologist; NASA Center Innovation Fund; California Institute of Technology FX The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors additionally thank DARPA, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Office of the Chief Scientist and Chief Technologist, and the NASA Center Innovation Fund for support of this work.; Copyright 2013 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903027 ER PT S AU Parsons, A McClanahan, T Bodnarik, J Evans, L Nowicki, S Schweitzer, J Starr, R AF Parsons, Ann McClanahan, Timothy Bodnarik, Julia Evans, Larry Nowicki, Suzanne Schweitzer, Jeffrey Starr, Richard GP IEEE TI Subsurface In Situ Elemental Composition Measurements with PING SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes the Probing In situ with Neutron and Gamma rays (PING) instrument, that can measure the subsurface elemental composition in situ for any rocky body in the solar system without the need for digging into the surface. PING consists of a Pulsed Neutron Generator (PNG), a gamma ray spectrometer and neutron detectors. Subsurface elements are stimulated by high-energy neutrons to emit gamma rays at characteristic energies. This paper will show how the detection of these gamma rays results in a measurement of elemental composition. Examples of the basalt to granite ratios for aluminum and silicon abundance are provided. C1 [Parsons, Ann; McClanahan, Timothy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bodnarik, Julia] Vanderbilt Univ, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Evans, Larry] Comp Sci Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nowicki, Suzanne] Univ Michigan, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schweitzer, Jeffrey] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Starr, Richard] Catholic Univ Amer, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Parsons, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Ann.M.Parsons@nasa.gov; Timothy.P.McClanahan@nasa.gov; Julia.G.Bodnarik@nasa.gov; Larry.Evans@nasa.gov; Suzanne.F.Nowicki@nasa.gov; schweitz@phys.uconn.edu; Richard.Starr@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901024 ER PT S AU Pavone, M Castillo-Rogez, JC Nesnas, IAD Hoffman, JA Strange, NJ AF Pavone, Marco Castillo-Rogez, Julie C. Nesnas, Issa A. D. Hoffman, Jeffrey A. Strange, Nathan J. GP IEEE TI Spacecraft/Rover Hybrids for the Exploration of Small Solar System Bodies SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ROBOTS AB In this paper we present a mission architecture for the systematic and affordable in-situ exploration of small Solar System bodies (such as asteroids, comets, and Martian moons). At a general level, a mother spacecraft would deploy on the surface of a small body one, or several, spacecraft/rover hybrids, which are small (<5 kg, approximate to 15 Watts), multi-faceted robots enclosing three mutually orthogonal flywheels and surrounded by external spikes (in particular, there is no external propulsion). By accelerating/decelerating the flywheels and by exploiting the low gravity environment, the hybrids would be capable of performing both long excursions (by hopping) and short traverses to specific locations (through a sequence of controlled "tumbles"). Their control would rely on synergistic operations with the mother spacecraft (where most of hybrids perception and localization functionalities would be hosted), which would make the platforms minimalistic and in turn the entire mission architecture affordable. Specifically, in the first part of the paper we present preliminary models and laboratory experiments for the hybrids, first-order estimates for critical subsystems, and a preliminary study for synergistic mission operations. In the second part, we tailor our mission architecture to the exploration of Mars' moon Phobos. The mission aims at exploring Phobos' Stickney crater, whose spectral similarities with C-type asteroids and variety of terrain properties make it a particularly interesting exploration target to address both high-priority science for the Martian system and strategic knowledge gaps for the future human exploration of Mars. C1 [Pavone, Marco] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Planetary Ices Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nesnas, Issa A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Software Syst Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hoffman, Jeffrey A.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Strange, Nathan J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Lunar & Planetary Miss Concepts Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pavone, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pavone@stanford.edu; jccastil@jpl.nasa.gov; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; jhoffma1@mit.edu; Nathan.J.Strange@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA; Innovative Advanced Concepts program; JPL; RTD and CAP FX The research described in this paper was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, and was partially supported by NASA under the Innovative Advanced Concepts program, and by JPL under the R&TD and CAP programs. The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Ross Allen (Stanford University), Jared Lang (JPL), Christopher McQuin (JPL), and Tam-Nguyen Nguyen (MIT) to the development of the mobility platform and mission architecture. Also, the authors wish to acknowledge insightful discussions with Dr. Cinzia Zuffada (JPL), Dr. Tom Cwik (JPL), and Dr. Jonas Zmuidzinas (JPL). Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902023 ER PT S AU Poland, D Ekinci, FM Fink, D Pesnell, WD AF Poland, Devin Ekinci, F. Matthew Fink, Dale Pesnell, W. Dean GP IEEE TI The Solar Dynamics Observatory After Three Years in Orbit SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB There are three instruments aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): EVE, which measures the extreme ultraviolet irradiance of the Sun; AIA, which images the Sun at high cadence in ten wavelengths; and HMI, which measures the solar magnetic field and velocity of the solar surface. These instruments have returned roughly 1.5 Tbytes of solar data per day nearly continuously since the beginning of SDO's science operations in May 2010, which has been facilitated by a continuous downlink from geosynchronous orbit to SDO's dedicated pair of 18-m antennas in White Sands, New Mexico. Science data returned from SDO is continually advancing knowledge of and research in prominence and filament eruptions, late phase flares, and the solar vector magnetic field, amongst other areas. Additionally, observations made during orbit maintenance, collision avoidance, and ground system operations have yielded lessons learned about the need to account for extreme weather in antenna design and the importance of clear, direct communication channels with other satellite operators. These observations and lessons are being used to improve the SDO ground system and operations approach and may prove useful for future mission design. C1 [Poland, Devin; Ekinci, F. Matthew] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Greenbelt, MD 30128 USA. [Fink, Dale; Pesnell, W. Dean] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Poland, D (reprint author), Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Greenbelt, MD 30128 USA. EM Devin.Poland@NASA.gov; F.Matthew.Ekinci@NASA.gov; Dale.Fink@NASA.gov; William.D.Pesnell@NASA.gov RI Pesnell, William/D-1062-2012 OI Pesnell, William/0000-0002-8306-2500 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901098 ER PT S AU Rocca, J Lord, N Johnson, M Bone, B AF Rocca, Jennifer Lord, Natalia Johnson, Matthew Bone, Brian GP IEEE TI Scaling the V&V Mountain: Proving Juno will Succeed at Jupiter SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Juno is a NASA New Frontiers mission managed and operated by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), commissioned to explore the origin, interior, atmosphere, and polar magnetosphere of Jupiter. The spacecraft was developed and built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, and its nine science instruments were developed by JPL and six national and international partner institutions. Juno launched on August 5th, 2011 starting its 5 year cruise to Jupiter and will enter an similar to 11 day polar orbit that will allow for science measurements while minimizing radiation. Juno is a spinstabilized, solar-powered spacecraft with a challenging and complex mission, which included over 7,500 requirements and 900 verification activities to be completed during the integration and test campaign. The verification and validation (V&V) of all requirements ranging from components to the project level was achieved via a coordinated, multi-level Integration and Test campaign consisting of tests, analyses, demonstrations, and inspections across all elements of the project. These V&V activities were captured and tracked in a project-wide DOORS database. Status and progress metrics were reported on monthly, then weekly, and finally daily basis close to launch for requirements and verification event closures separately. The metrics were accurate to the single-item level and were illustrated in an aggregate burndown plot that grouped requirements or verification activities by project level. The metrics generation was automated with a custom tool that extracted scheduled and actual completion dates for each requirement or verification event with DOORS extension language (dxl) scripts and computed and plotted the aggregates per week with visual basic scripts in Microsoft Excel. Illustrating the planned and actual V&V metrics as separate curves on the same plot gave valuable insight into the overall work-to-go and the history or trend of the schedule gap. The data extracted from DOORS provided detailed indication of what requirements or verifications were lagging so that deficient areas could be bolstered with proper attention and additional resource allocation. Reporting on both requirements and verification events also provided visibility into dependencies between the two, in addition to meeting the institutional requirements of both JPL and LM. The automated tool allowed for time-efficient metrics generation on demand providing management the most current information in a timely manner. A formal V& V approach is recommended for large missions, and relies upon proactive and effective liaisons between the test or verification engineers and the systems team monitoring and reporting V& V progress. For Juno, the V& V plan employed extensive use of automated metrics generation with regular briefings to the project team and others. The methodologies used during Juno development set a new standard for level of insight, accuracy of current progress, and aided in the project's cost-effective launch readiness campaign. Central to the Certification of Flight Readiness for JPL Space Missions, project-level, comprehensive Verification and Validation are required to ensure completeness and integrity of the integration and test program. Successful and accurate reporting on progress/completion allows the project team, partners, sponsors, and the Science Team a high measure of confidence that the ultimate mission objectives can and will be met. As Juno continues its cruise to Jupiter, the team remains secure that the complex mission ahead will perform its intended mission to explore the origin, interior, atmosphere, and polar magnetosphere of Jupiter. C1 [Rocca, Jennifer; Lord, Natalia; Johnson, Matthew; Bone, Brian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rocca, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Jennifer.M.Rocca@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900080 ER PT S AU Roychoudhury, I Daigle, M Bregon, A Pulido, B AF Roychoudhury, Indranil Daigle, Matthew Bregon, Anibal Pulido, Belarmino GP IEEE TI A Structural Model Decomposition Framework for Systems Health Management SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID DIAGNOSIS; CONFLICTS AB Systems health management (SHM) is an important set of technologies aimed at increasing system safety and reliability by detecting, isolating, and identifying faults; and predicting when the system reaches end of life (EOL), so that appropriate fault mitigation and recovery actions can be taken. Model-based SHM approaches typically make use of global, monolithic system models for online analysis, which results in a loss of scalability and efficiency for large-scale systems. Improvement in scalability and efficiency can be achieved by decomposing the system model into smaller local submodels and operating on these submodels instead. In this paper, the global system model is analyzed offline and structurally decomposed into local submodels. We define a common model decomposition framework for extracting sub models from the global model. This framework is then used to develop algorithms for solving model decomposition problems for the design of three separate SHM technologies, namely, estimation (which is useful for fault detection and identification), fault isolation, and EOL prediction. We solve these model decomposition problems using a three-tank system as a case study. C1 [Roychoudhury, Indranil] SGT Inc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Daigle, Matthew] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bregon, Anibal; Pulido, Belarmino] Univ Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. RP Roychoudhury, I (reprint author), SGT Inc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov; matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov; anibal@infor.uva.es; belar@infor.uva.es RI Pulido Junquera, Belarmino/I-2506-2015 OI Pulido Junquera, Belarmino/0000-0003-2340-684X FU NASA System-wide Safety and Assurance Technologies (SSAT); Spanish MCI [TIN200911326] FX I. Roychoudhury and M. Daigle's funding for this work was provided by the NASA System-wide Safety and Assurance Technologies (SSAT) Project. A. Bregon and B. Pulido's funding for this work was provided by the Spanish MCI TIN200911326 grant. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901077 ER PT S AU Roychoudhury, I Hafiychuk, V Goebel, K AF Roychoudhury, Indranil Hafiychuk, Vasyl Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Model-Based Diagnosis and Prognosis of a Water Recycling System SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB A water recycling system (WRS) deployed at NASA Ames Research Center's Sustainability Base (an energy efficient office building that integrates some novel technologies developed for space applications) will serve as a testbed for long duration testing of next generation spacecraft water recycling systems for future human spaceflight missions. This system cleans graywater (waste water collected from sinks and showers) and recycles it into clean water. Like all engineered systems, the WRS is prone to standard degradation due to regular use, as well as other faults. Diagnostic and prognostic applications will be deployed on the WRS to ensure its safe, efficient, and correct operation. The diagnostic and prognostic results can be used to enable condition-based maintenance to avoid unplanned outages, and perhaps extend the useful life of the WRS. Diagnosis involves detecting when a fault occurs, isolating the root cause of the fault, and identifying the extent of damage. Prognosis involves predicting when the system will reach its end of life irrespective of whether an abnormal condition is present or not. In this paper, first, we develop a physics model of both nominal and faulty system behavior of the WRS. Then, we apply an integrated model-based diagnosis and prognosis framework to the simulation model of the WRS for several different fault scenarios to detect, isolate, and identify faults, and predict the end of life in each fault scenario, and present the experimental results. C1 [Roychoudhury, Indranil; Hafiychuk, Vasyl] SGT Inc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Roychoudhury, I (reprint author), SGT Inc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov; vasyI.hafiychuk@nasa.gov; kai.goebel@nasa.gov FU Habitat Systems component of the NASA Autonomous Systems (AS) FX The funding for this work was provided by the Habitat Systems component of the NASA Autonomous Systems (AS) Project. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Mark Schwabacher for his support and thank Dr. Michael Flynn and Dr. Matthew Daigle for the insightful discussions with regards to this work. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901078 ER PT S AU Royle, AW AF Royle, Andrew W. GP IEEE TI GOES-R User Data Transfer Mechanisms and Structure SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are jointly developing the next-generation series of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), known as the GOES-R Series. GOES-R meteorological data is provided to the operational and science user community through four main distribution mechanisms. GOES-R generates a set of data from each of the six primary satellite instruments and formats the data into a direct broadcast stream known as GOES Rebroadcast (GRB) for hemispheric distribution via L-band satellite downlink. Terrestrially, meteorological data is provided to forecasters at the National Weather Service (NWS) through a direct interface to the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS). A secondary pathway for the user community to receive data terrestrially is via the GOES-R Access Subsystem (GAS), which is being developed as a part of NOAA's Environmental Satellite Processing and Distribution System (ESPDS) Product Distribution and Access (PDA) capability. Finally, GOES-R data is made available to NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS) for long-term archive. This paper will provide a summary description of the data types and formats associated with each of the four primary distribution pathways for user data from GOES-R. It will discuss the resources that are being developed by GOES-R to document the data structures and formats. It will also provide a brief introduction to the types of metadata associated with each of the primary data flows. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GOES R Ground Segment Project, Integr Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Royle, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GOES R Ground Segment Project, Integr Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM andrew.w.royle@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901001 ER PT S AU Ruf, C Gleason, S Jelenak, Z Katzberg, S Ridley, A Rose, R Scherrer, J Zavorotny, V AF Ruf, Chris Gleason, Scott Jelenak, Zorana Katzberg, Stephen Ridley, Aaron Rose, Randy Scherrer, John Zavorotny, Valery GP IEEE TI The NASA EV-2 Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) Mission SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID GPS SIGNALS AB The NASA EV-2 Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a spaceborne mission focused on tropical cyclone (TC) inner core process studies. CYGNSS attempts to resolve the principle deficiencies with current TC intensity forecasts, which lies in inadequate observations and modeling of the inner core. The inadequacy in observations results from two causes: 1) Much of the inner core ocean surface is obscured from conventional remote sensing instruments by intense precipitation in the eye wall and inner rain bands. 2) The rapidly evolving (genesis and intensification) stages of the TC life cycle are poorly sampled in time by conventional polar-orbiting, wide-swath surface wind imagers. CYGNSS is specifically designed to address these two limitations by combining the all-weather performance of GNSS bistatic ocean surface scatterometry with the sampling properties of a constellation of satellites. C1 [Ruf, Chris; Ridley, Aaron] Univ Michigan, AOSS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gleason, Scott] Concordia Univ, Dept Ece, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA, NESDIS St AR UCAR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Katzberg, Stephen] South Carlina State Univ, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Rose, Randy; Scherrer, John] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ruf, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, AOSS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cruf@umich.edu; scott@encs.concordia.ca; Zorana.Jelenak@noaa.gov; stephen.j.katzberg@nasa.gov; ridley@umich.edu; rrose@swri.org; john.scherrer@swri.org; Valery.Zavorotny@noaa.gov RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902065 ER PT S AU Sanchez, M Selva, D Cameron, B Crawley, E Seas, A Seery, B AF Sanchez, Marc Selva, Daniel Cameron, Bruce Crawley, Edward Seas, Antonios Seery, Bernie GP IEEE TI Exploring the Architectural Trade Space of NASAs Space Communication and Navigation Program SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS; MODEL AB NASAs Space Communication and Navigation (SCaN) Program is responsible for providing communication and navigation services to space missions and other users in and beyond low Earth orbit. The current SCaN architecture consists of three independent networks: the Space Network (SN), which contains the TDRS relay satellites in GEO; the Near Earth Network (NEN), which consists of several NASA-owned and commercially operated ground stations; and the Deep Space Network (DSN), with three ground stations in Goldstone, Madrid, and Canberra. The first task of this study is the stakeholder analysis. The goal of the stakeholder analysis is to identify the main stakeholders of the SCaN system and their needs. Twenty-one main groups of stakeholders have been identified and put on a stakeholder map. Their needs are currently being elicited by means of interviews and an extensive literature review. The data will then be analyzed by applying Cameron and Crawley's stakeholder analysis theory, with a view to highlighting dominant needs and conflicting needs. The second task of this study is the architectural tradespace exploration of the next generation TDRSS. The space of possible architectures for SCaN is represented by a set of architectural decisions, each of which has a discrete set of options. A computational tool is used to automatically synthesize a very large number of possible architectures by enumerating different combinations of decisions and options. The same tool contains models to evaluate the architectures in terms of performance and cost. The performance model uses the stakeholder needs and requirements identified in the previous steps as inputs, and it is based in the VASSAR methodology presented in a companion paper. This paper summarizes the current status of the MIT SCaN architecture study. It starts by motivating the need to perform tradespace exploration studies in the context of relay data systems through a description of the history NASA's space communication networks. It then presents the generalities of possible architectures for future space communication and navigation networks. Finally, it describes the tools and methods being developed, clearly indicating the architectural decisions that have been taken into account as well as the systematic approach followed to model them. The purpose of this study is to explore the SCaN architectural tradespace by means of a computational tool. This paper describes the tool, while the tradespace exploration is underway. C1 [Sanchez, Marc; Selva, Daniel; Cameron, Bruce; Crawley, Edward] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave 33-409, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Seas, Antonios; Seery, Bernie] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sanchez, M (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave 33-409, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM msnet@mit.edu; dselva@mit.edu; bcameron@mit.edu; crawley@mit.edu; Antonios.A.Seas@nasa.gov; Bernard.D.Seery@nasa.gov RI Selva, Daniel/D-1796-2017 OI Selva, Daniel/0000-0002-7618-5182 FU NASA [NNX11AR70G]; Centre de Formacio Interdisciplinaria Superior and the Cellex Foundation FX This project is funded by NASA under grant #NNX11AR70G. The authors would also like to thank the Centre de Formacio Interdisciplinaria Superior and the Cellex Foundation for partially funding this project. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902036 ER PT S AU Sankararaman, S Daigle, M Saxena, A Goebel, K AF Sankararaman, Shankar Daigle, Matthew Saxena, Abhinav Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Analytical Algorithms to Quantify the Uncertainty in Remaining Useful Life Prediction SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper investigates the use of analytical algorithms to quantify the uncertainty in the remaining useful life (RUL) estimate of components used in aerospace applications. The prediction of RUL is affected by several sources of uncertainty and it is important to systematically quantify their combined effect by computing the uncertainty in the RUL prediction in order to aid risk assessment, risk mitigation, and decision-making. While sampling-based algorithms have been conventionally used for quantifying the uncertainty in RUL, analytical algorithms are computationally cheaper and sometimes, are better suited for online decision-making. While exact analytical algorithms are available only for certain special cases (for e. g., linear models with Gaussian variables), effective approximations can be made using the first-order second moment method (FOSM), the first-order reliability method (FORM), and the inverse first-order reliability method (Inverse FORM). These methods can be used not only to calculate the entire probability distribution of RUL but also to obtain probability bounds on RUL. This paper explains these three methods in detail and illustrates them using the state-space model of a lithium-ion battery. C1 [Sankararaman, Shankar; Saxena, Abhinav] NASA, SGT Inc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Daigle, Matthew; Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sankararaman, S (reprint author), NASA, SGT Inc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM shankar.sankararaman@nasa.gov; matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov; abhinav.saxena@nasa.gov; kai.goebel@nasa.gov FU NASA ARMD/AvSafe project SSAT; NASA/OCT/AES project ACLO FX The work reported herein was in part funded by NASA ARMD/AvSafe project SSAT and by NASA/OCT/AES project ACLO. The support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901073 ER PT S AU Scott, DW AF Scott, David W. GP IEEE TI Communications Dashboard (Control Rooms, Take a Cue from Facebook (R)!) Chapter 1 SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Papers published via IEEE and AIAA conferences have presented an overview of how social media could benefit NASA working environments in general [1] and proposed three specific social applications to benefit space flight control operations [2]. One of them, Communications Dashboard, would help a real time flight controller keep up with both the "big picture" and significant details of operations via a cohesive interface similar to those of social networking services (SNS). Instead of recreational social features, "CommDash" would support functions like console logging, categorized and threaded text chat streams with enhanced accountability and graphics display features, high-level status displays driven by telemetry or other events, and an on-screen hailing function for requesting voice or text stream conversation. Moving certain voice conversations to text streams would reduce confusion and stress in two ways. Within text conversations, there would be far less repetition of content since text conversations have visual persistence and are reviewable instantly, e. g., there's no need to brief new participants to a discussion - they just read what's already there. Remaining voice traffic would stand out more clearly, and quieter voice loops means fewer "say again" calls and less distraction from visual and mental tasks, thus less stress. (Most flight controllers monitor 4 or 5 voice loops at once.) Links could be created from console log entries to chat selections so that underlying details are readily available yet unobtrusive. This would reduce the confusion that rises from having multiple and sometimes divergent copies of the same information due to cut/copy and paste operations, attachments, and asynchronous editing. This concept could apply to a plethora of real time control environments and to other settings with lots of information juggling. This paper explores the dashboard concept in further detail and chronicles the first phase of a NASA IT Labs (Information Technology) project that could lead to a working system.(1) C1 NASA, MSFC, HOSC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Scott, DW (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, HOSC, EO50, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM scotty@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903019 ER PT S AU Sekerak, M McDonald, M Hofer, R Gallimore, A AF Sekerak, Michael McDonald, Michael Hofer, Richard Gallimore, Alec GP IEEE TI Hall Thruster Plume Measurements from High-Speed Dual Langmuir Probes with Ion Saturation Reference SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID PLASMA; OSCILLATIONS AB The plasma plume of a 6 kW Hall Effect Thruster (HET) has been investigated in order to determine time-averaged and time-resolved plasma properties in a 2-D plane. HETs are steady-state devices with a multitude of kilohertz and faster plasma oscillations that are poorly understood yet impact their performance and may interact with spacecraft subsystems. HETs are known to operate in different modes with differing efficiencies and plasma characteristics, particularly the axial breathing mode and the azimuthal spoke mode. In order to investigate these phenomena, high-speed diagnostics are needed to observe time-resolved plasma properties and correlate them to thruster operating conditions. A new technique called the High-speed Dual Langmuir Probe with Ion Saturation Reference (HDLP-ISR) builds on recent results using an active and an insulated or null probe in conjunction with a third, fixed-bias electrode maintained in ion saturation for ion density measurements. The HDLP-ISR was used to measure the plume of a 6-kW-class single-channel HET called the H6 operated at 300 V and 20 A at 200 kHz. Time-averaged maps of electron density, electron temperature and plasma potential were determined in a rectangular region from the exit plane to over five channel radii downstream and from the centrally mounted cathode radially out to over three channel radii. The power spectral density (PSD) of the time-resolved plasma density oscillations showed four discrete peaks between 16 and 28 kHz which were above the broad breathing mode peak between 10 and 15 kHz. Using a high-speed camera called FastCam imaging at 87,500 frames per second, the plasma oscillations were correlated with visible rotating spokes in the discharge channel. Probes were vertically spaced in order to identify azimuthal plasma transients around the discharge channel where density delays of 14.4 mu s were observed correlating to a spoke velocity of 1800 m/s in the ExB direction. The results presented here are the first to positively correlate observed spokes with plasma plume oscillations that could provide the key to understanding HET operation. Highspeed diagnostic techniques enable observation and characterization of the oscillatory nature of HETs which will give critical insight into important phenomena such as anomalous electron transport, thruster operational stability and plasma-spacecraft interactions for future HETs. C1 [Sekerak, Michael; McDonald, Michael; Gallimore, Alec] Univ Michigan, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, 1919 Green Rd,B107, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hofer, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sekerak, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, 1919 Green Rd,B107, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM msekerak@umich.edu; msmcdon@umich.edu; richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov; alec.gallimore@umich.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900061 ER PT S AU Serabyn, G Mawet, D AF Serabyn, Gene Mawet, Dimitri GP IEEE TI Recent Progress in Vortex Coronagraphy SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID BETA-PICTORIS; STAR; DISK AB The Optical Vortex Coronagraph (OVC) is a phase-based coronagraph that can enable high-contrast imaging observations very near bright stars and can make use of smaller telescope diameters than most alternative techniques. This paper first briefly describes the basic principles of operation of the vortex coronagraph, which applies an azimuthal phase spiral to the focal plane point spread function, and then turns to recent advances, both in understanding and in the needed technology development. In particular, vortex phase masks based on circularly-symmetric half-wave plates made of both liquid-crystal polymers and photonic crystals have now achieved very good contrast. Moreover, a dual-stage vortex coronagraph configuration can be used to achieve high contrast in the case of an on-axis telescope, i.e., in the presence of obscuration due to a secondary mirror and a secondary support structure. Further development of the relevant vortex techniques could potentially enable a range of high-contrast coronagraphic space missions, from an initial explorer class mission to a large flagship class exoplanet imaging mission. Of particular interest in this regard is the use of one of the two former 2.4 m National Reconnaissance Office telescopes for coronagraphic observations. C1 [Serabyn, Gene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mawet, Dimitri] European Southern Observ, Santiago 3107, Chile. RP Serabyn, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov; dmawet@eso.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902048 ER PT S AU Sielicki, TA Hamkins, J Thorsen, D AF Sielicki, Thomas A. Hamkins, Jon Thorsen, Denise GP IEEE TI Variable Coded Modulation Software Simulation SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper reports on the design and performance of a new Variable Coded Modulation (VCM) system. This VCM system comprises eight of NASA's recommended codes from the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards, including four turbo and four AR4JA/C2 low-density parity-check codes, together with six modulations types (BPSK, QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-APSK, 32-APSK, 64-APSK). The signaling protocol for the transmission mode is based on a CCSDS recommendation. The coded modulation may be dynamically chosen, block to block, to optimize throughput. A novel aspect of the VCM design is that each operating mode has a unique number of symbols in its frame. This enables the receiver to identify the code and modulation simply from the number of symbols occurring between the dedicated frame markers which occur between frames, without having to explicitly transmit a signal to identify the operating mode. This concept allows for a limitless selection of modes and low complexity design. The paper describes a MATLAB end-to-end simulation consisting of random data generation, encoding the data, modulation of the data, additive white Gaussian noise for channel simulation, frame marker identification, coded modulation mode extraction, demodulation, and decoding. Achievable error rates and total throughput are recorded. This simulation can be applied to any link budget that describes the signal to noise ratio over time and can selectively use all or some of the supported coded modulation modes. The simulations show that for a representative low-Earth orbit satellite which encounters a 15 dB variation of symbol SNRs in a 10 minute pass, VCM doubles the achievable throughput, compared to the optimal fixed-mode communication. This simulation shows that VCM is a major and practical method for communicating high data volumes from space. C1 [Sielicki, Thomas A.; Thorsen, Denise] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hamkins, Jon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sielicki, TA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tasielicki@alaska.edu; Jon.Hamkins@jpl.nasa.gov; dlthorsen@alaska.edu FU Alaska Space Grant Program FX The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Engineering and Mines, funded in part by the Alaska Space Grant Program NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903017 ER PT S AU Smith, B Venkatapathy, E Wercinski, P Yount, B Prabhu, D Gage, P Glaze, L Baker, C AF Smith, Brandon Venkatapathy, Ethiraj Wercinski, Paul Yount, Bryan Prabhu, Dinesh Gage, Peter Glaze, Lori Baker, Charles GP IEEE TI Venus In Situ Explorer Mission Design using a Mechanically Deployed Aerodynamic Decelerator SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Venus In Situ Explorer (VISE) Mission addresses the highest priority science questions within the Venus community outlined in the National Research Council's Decadal Survey. The heritage Venus atmospheric entry system architecture, a 45 sphere-cone rigid aeroshell with a carbon phenolic thermal protection system, may no longer be the preferred entry system architecture compared to other viable alternatives being explored at NASA. A mechanically-deployed aerodynamic decelerator, known as the Adaptive Deployable Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT), is an entry system alternative that can provide key operational benefits and risk reduction compared to a rigid aeroshell. This paper describes a mission feasibility study performed with the objectives of identifying potential adverse interactions with other mission elements and establishing requirements on decelerator performance. Feasibility is assessed through a launch-to-landing mission design study where the Venus Intrepid Tessera Lander (VITaL), a VISE science payload designed to inform the Decadal Survey results, is repackaged from a rigid aeroshell into the ADEPT decelerator. It is shown that ADEPT reduces the deceleration load on VITaL by an order of magnitude relative to a rigid aeroshell. The more benign entry environment opens up the VISE mission design environment for increased science return, reduced risk, and reduced cost. The ADEPT-VITAL mission concept of operations is presented and details of the entry vehicle structures and mechanisms are given. Finally, entry aerothermal analysis is presented that defines the operational requirements for a revolutionary structural-TPS material employed by ADEPT: three-dimensionally woven carbon cloth. Ongoing work to mitigate key risks identified in this feasibility study is presented. C1 [Smith, Brandon; Venkatapathy, Ethiraj; Wercinski, Paul; Yount, Bryan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Prabhu, Dinesh] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ERC Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gage, Peter] NASA, Neerim Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Glaze, Lori; Baker, Charles] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Brandon.P.Smith@nasa.gov RI Glaze, Lori/D-1314-2012 FU NASA ARC; NASA GSFC Chief Technologists; NASA GSFC IRD funds FX This activity would not have been initiated without the original support of the NASA ARC and NASA GSFC Chief Technologists. At Ames, the Center Investment Funds were awarded via competitive selection. Similarly, NASA GSFC IR&D funds were awarded in order for GSFC team members to partner in this activity and to provide partial support for Dr. Peter Gage of Neerim Corp. We are thankful for the support of Dr. John Hines, Center Chief Technologist, NASA ARC and Dr. Peter Hughes, Center Chief Technologist, NASA GSFC and Dr. Michael Amato of NASA GSFC. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902039 ER PT S AU Soriano, M Jacobs, C Navarro, R Naudet, C Rogstad, S White, L Finley, S Goodhart, C Sigman, E Trinh, J Garcia, JL Garcia-Miro, C Mercolino, M Madde, R AF Soriano, Melissa Jacobs, Christopher Navarro, Robert Naudet, Charles Rogstad, Stephen White, Leslie Finley, Susan Goodhart, Charles Sigman, Elliott Trinh, Joseph Lobo Garcia, Juan Garcia-Miro, Cristina Mercolino, Mattia Madde, Roberto GP IEEE TI Improved Spacecraft Tracking and Navigation Using a Portable Radio Science Receiver SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Portable Radio Science Receiver (PRSR) is a suitcase-sized open-loop digital receiver designed to be small and easy to transport so that it can be deployed quickly and easily anywhere in the world. The PRSR digitizes, down-converts, and filters using custom hardware, firmware, and software. Up to 16 channels can be independently configured and recorded with a total data rate of up to 256 Mbps. The design and implementation of the system's hardware, firmware, and software is described. To minimize costs and time to deployment, our design leveraged elements of the hardware, firmware, and software designs from the existing full-sized operational (non-portable) Radio Science Receivers (RSR) and Wideband VLBI Science Receivers (WVSR), which have successfully supported flagship NASA deep space missions at all Deep Space Network (DSN) sites. We discuss a demonstration of the PRSR using VLBI, with one part per billion angular resolution: 1 nano-radian / 200 mu as. This is the highest resolution astronomical instrument ever operated solely from the Southern Hemisphere. Preliminary results from two sites are presented, including the European Space Agency (ESA) sites at Cebreros, Spain and Malargue, Argentina. Malargue's South American location is of special interest because it greatly improves the geometric coverage for spacecraft navigation in the Southern Hemisphere and will for the first time provide coverage to the 1/4 of the range of declination that has been excluded from reference frame work at Ka-band. C1 [Soriano, Melissa; Jacobs, Christopher; Navarro, Robert; Naudet, Charles; Rogstad, Stephen; White, Leslie; Finley, Susan; Goodhart, Charles; Sigman, Elliott; Trinh, Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lobo Garcia, Juan; Garcia-Miro, Cristina] NASA, INTA, Madrid Deep Space Commun Complex, Madrid, Spain. [Mercolino, Mattia; Madde, Roberto] European Space Technol Ctr, European Space Agcy, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Soriano, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Melissa.A.Soriano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900038 ER PT S AU Soriano, M Finley, S Fort, D Schratz, B Ilott, P Mukai, R Estabrook, P Oudrhiri, K Kahan, D Satorius, E AF Soriano, Melissa Finley, Susan Fort, David Schratz, Brian Ilott, Peter Mukai, Ryan Estabrook, Polly Oudrhiri, Kamal Kahan, Daniel Satorius, Edgar GP IEEE TI Direct-to-Earth Communications with Mars Science Laboratory during Entry, Descent, and Landing SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) undergoes extreme heating and acceleration during Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) on Mars. Unknown dynamics lead to large Doppler shifts, making communication challenging. During EDL, a special form of Multiple Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) communication is used for Direct-To-Earth (DTE) communication. The X-band signal is received by the Deep Space Network (DSN) at the Canberra Deep Space Communication complex, then down-converted, digitized, and recorded by open-loop Radio Science Receivers (RSR), and decoded in real-time by the EDL Data Analysis (EDA) System. The EDA uses lock states with configurable Fast Fourier Transforms to acquire and track the signal. RSR configuration and channel allocation is shown. Testing prior to EDL is discussed including software simulations, test bed runs with MSL flight hardware, and the in-flight end-to-end test. EDA configuration parameters and signal dynamics during pre-entry, entry, and parachute deployment are analyzed. RSR and EDA performance during MSL EDL is evaluated, including performance using a single 70-meter DSN antenna and an array of two 34-meter DSN antennas as a back up to the 70-meter antenna. C1 [Soriano, Melissa; Finley, Susan; Fort, David; Schratz, Brian; Ilott, Peter; Mukai, Ryan; Estabrook, Polly; Oudrhiri, Kamal; Kahan, Daniel; Satorius, Edgar] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Soriano, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Melissa.A.Soriano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900003 ER PT S AU Spangelo, SC Cutler, J Anderson, L Fosse, E Cheng, L Yntema, R Bajaj, M Delp, C Cole, B Soremekum, G Kaslow, D AF Spangelo, Sara C. Cutler, James Anderson, Louise Fosse, Elyse Cheng, Leo Yntema, Rose Bajaj, Manas Delp, Chris Cole, Bjorn Soremekum, Grant Kaslow, David GP IEEE TI Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Applied to Radio Aurora Explorer (RAX) CubeSat Mission Operational Scenarios SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Small satellites are more highly resource-constrained by mass, power, volume, delivery timelines, and financial cost relative to their larger counterparts. Small satellites are operationally challenging because subsystem functions are coupled and constrained by the limited available commodities (e. g. data, energy, and access times to ground resources). Furthermore, additional operational complexities arise because small satellite components are physically integrated, which may yield thermal or radio frequency interference. In this paper, we extend our initial Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework developed for a small satellite mission by demonstrating the ability to model different behaviors and scenarios. We integrate several simulation tools to execute SysML-based behavior models, including subsystem functions and internal states of the spacecraft. We demonstrate utility of this approach to drive the system analysis and design process. We demonstrate applicability of the simulation environment to capture realistic satellite operational scenarios, which include energy collection, the data acquisition, and downloading to ground stations. The integrated modeling environment enables users to extract feasibility, performance, and robustness metrics. This enables visualization of both the physical states (e. g. position, attitude) and functional states (e. g. operating points of various subsysterns) of the satellite for representative mission scenarios. The modeling approach presented in this paper offers satellite designers and operators the opportunity to assess the feasibility of vehicle and network parameters, as well as the feasibility of operational schedules. This will enable future missions to benefit from using these models throughout the full design, test, and fly cycle. In particular, vehicle and network parameters and schedules can be verified prior to being implemented, during mission operations, and can also be updated in near real-time with operational performance feedback. C1 [Spangelo, Sara C.; Cutler, James] Univ Michigan, 1320 Beal St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Anderson, Louise; Fosse, Elyse; Cheng, Leo; Delp, Chris; Cole, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yntema, Rose; Bajaj, Manas] InterCAX, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Soremekum, Grant] Phoenix Integrat, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Kaslow, David] Anal Graph, Extron, PA 19341 USA. RP Spangelo, SC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 1320 Beal St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM saracs@umich.edu; jwcutler@umich.edu; louise.anderson@jpl.nasa.gov; elyse.fosse@jpl.nasa.gov; leo.y.cheng@jpl.nasa.gov; rose.yntema@intercax.com; manas.bajaj@intercax.com; chris.delp@jpl.nasa.gov; bjorn.cole@jpl.nasa.gov; grant@phoenix-int.com; dkaslow@agi.com FU InterCAX; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Zonta International FX We thank the entire University of Michigan and SRI International RAX Teams for their contributions. We also thank Analytical Graphics, Inc (AGI), Phoenix Integration, and InterCAX for their generous support of our work. We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Zonta International for their support.; We would also like to thank Sandy Friedenthal for his invaluable review, contributions, and guidance.; Parts of this research were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900081 ER PT S AU Stecklein, JM AF Stecklein, Jonette M. GP IEEE TI Human Spaceflight Technology Needs-a Foundation for JSC's Technology Strategy SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Human space exploration has always been heavily influenced by goals to achieve a specific mission on a specific schedule. This approach drove rapid technology development, the rapidity of which added risks and became a major driver for costs and cost uncertainty. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is now approaching the extension of human presence throughout the solar system by balancing a proactive yet less schedule-driven development of technology with opportunistic scheduling of missions as the needed technologies are realized. This approach should provide cost effective, low risk technology development that will enable efficient and effective manned spaceflight missions. As a first step, the NASA Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) has identified a suite of critical technologies needed to support future manned missions across a range of destinations, including in cis-lunar space, near earth asteroid visits, lunar exploration, Mars moons, and Mars exploration. The challenge now is to develop a strategy and plan for technology development that efficiently enables these missions over a reasonable time period, without increasing technology development costs unnecessarily due to schedule pressure, and subsequently mitigating development and mission risks. NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), as the nation's primary center for human exploration, is addressing this challenge through an innovative approach in allocating Internal Research and Development funding to projects. The HAT Technology Needs (Tech Needs) Database has been developed to correlate across critical technologies and the NASA Office of Chief Technologist Technology Area Breakdown Structure (TABS). The TechNeeds Database illuminates that many critical technologies may support a single technical capability gap, that many HAT technology needs may map to a single TABS technology discipline, and that a single HAT technology need may map to multiple TABS technology disciplines. The TechNeeds Database greatly clarifies understanding of the complex relationships of critical technologies to mission and architecture element needs. Extensions to the core TechNeeds Database allow JSC to factor in and appropriately weight JSC core technology competencies, and considerations of commercialization potential and partnership potential. The inherent coupling among these, along with an appropriate importance weighting, has provided an initial prioritization for allocation of technology development research funding at JSC. The HAT Technology Needs Database, with a core of built-in reports, clarifies and communicates complex technology needs for cost effective human space exploration so that an organization seeking to assure that research prioritization supports human spaceflight of the future can be successful. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, MC YX, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Stecklein, JM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, MC YX, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Jonette.M.Stecklein@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902071 ER PT S AU Stofan, E Lorenz, R Lunine, J Bierhaus, EB Clark, B Mahaffy, PR Ravine, M AF Stofan, Ellen Lorenz, Ralph Lunine, Jonathan Bierhaus, Edward B. Clark, Ben Mahaffy, Paul R. Ravine, Mike GP IEEE TI TiME - The Titan Mare Explorer SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID LAKES AB The Titan Mare Explorer (TiME) is a Discovery-class mission concept that underwent a detailed Phase A study in 2011-2012. The mission would splashdown a capsule on Titan's ethane sea Ligeia Mare as early as the summer of 2023, and would spend multiple Titan days performing science measurements and transmitting data directly back to Earth. This paper reviews briefly the mission concept. C1 [Stofan, Ellen] Proxemy Res, POB 338, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Lunine, Jonathan] Cornell Univ, CRSR, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bierhaus, Edward B.; Clark, Ben] Lockheed Martin, Denver, CO 80201 USA. [Mahaffy, Paul R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ravine, Mike] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. RP Stofan, E (reprint author), Proxemy Res, POB 338, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. EM ellen@proxemy.com; Ralph.Lorenz@jhuapl.edu; jlunine@astro.cornell.edu; edward.b.bierhaus@lmco.com; bclark@comcast.net; paul.r.mahaffy@nasa.gov; ravine@msss.com RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902028 ER PT S AU Swanson, GT Cassell, AM Hughes, SJ Johnson, RK Calomino, AM AF Swanson, Gregory T. Cassell, Alan M. Hughes, Stephen J. Johnson, R. Keith Calomino, Anthony M. GP IEEE TI The Challenges of Integrating Instrumentation with Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB New Entry, Decent, and Landing (EDL) technologies are being explored to facilitate the landing of high mass vehicles. Current EDL technologies are limited due to mass and volume constraints dictated by launch vehicle fairings. Therefore, past and present technologies are now being considered to provide a mass and volume efficient solution, including Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators (IADs). To better define the instrumentation challenges posed by IAD technology development, a survey was conducted to identify valuable measurements for ground and flight testing of the flexible materials and structures used in their design. From this survey many sensing technologies and systems were explored specific to the stacked torus IAD, resulting in a down-selection to the most viable prospects. The majority of these systems, including wireless data acquisition, were then rapid prototyped and evaluated during component level testing to determine the best integration techniques specific to a 3m and 6m diameter stacked toroid IAD. Each sensing system was then integrated in support of the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator ground test campaign. In this paper these IAD instrumentation systems are described along with their challenges in comparison to traditional rigid aeroshell systems. Requirements resulting from the survey are listed and instrumentation integration techniques and data acquisition are discussed. C1 [Swanson, Gregory T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ERC Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cassell, Alan M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hughes, Stephen J.; Johnson, R. Keith; Calomino, Anthony M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Swanson, GT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ERC Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Gregory.T.Swanson@nasa.gov; Alan.M.Cassell@nasa.gov; Stephen.J.Hughes@nasa.gov; R.K.Johnson@nasa.gov; Anthony.M.Calomino@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903014 ER PT S AU Tamas-Selicean, D Keymeulen, D Berisford, D Carlson, R Hand, K Pop, P Wadsworth, W Levy, R AF Tamas-Selicean, D. Keymeulen, D. Berisford, D. Carlson, R. Hand, K. Pop, P. Wadsworth, W. Levy, R. GP IEEE TI Fourier Transform Spectrometer Controller for Partitioned Architectures SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The current trend in spacecraft computing is to integrate applications of different criticality levels on the same platform using no separation. This approach increases the complexity of the development, verification and integration processes, with an impact on the whole system life cycle. Researchers at ESA and NASA advocated for the use of partitioned architecture to reduce this complexity. Partitioned architectures rely on platform mechanisms to provide robust temporal and spatial separation between applications. Such architectures have been successfully implemented in several industries, such as avionics and automotive. In this paper we investigate the challenges of developing and the benefits of integrating a scientific instrument, namely a Fourier Transform Spectrometer, in such a partitioned architecture. C1 [Tamas-Selicean, D.; Pop, P.] Tech Univ Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Keymeulen, D.; Berisford, D.; Carlson, R.; Hand, K.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wadsworth, W.] Designs & Prototypes Ltd, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Levy, R.] LLC, Quant Engn, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA. RP Tamas-Selicean, D (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. FU Technical University of Denmark; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration during Domitian Tamas-Selicean's research stay. The research stay of Domitian Tamas-Selicean was made possible with financial support from the Technical University of Denmark, Oticon Fonden and Otto MA nsteds Fond and the hospitality of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901071 ER PT S AU Taylor, RL Zuber, MT Lehman, DH Hoffman, TL AF Taylor, Randall L. Zuber, Maria T. Lehman, David H. Hoffman, Tom L. GP IEEE TI GRAIL Project Management: Launching on Cost, Schedule, and Spec and Achieving Full Mission Success SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) project, a NASA Discovery Program mission with a cost cap, was launched September 10, 2011, on spec, on time and under budget. Led by Principal Investigator (PI) Dr. Maria T. Zuber of MIT and managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with Lockheed Martin as spacecraft contractor and the late Sally Ride as Education and Public Outreach Lead, GRAIL completed its Prime Mission in May 2012, successfully meeting its objectives.-to precisely map the gravitational field of the Moon to reveal its internal structure "from crust to core," determine its thermal evolution, and extend this knowledge to other planets. This paper updates last year.'s IEEE Aerospace Conference paper [1], summarizing key development challenges and accomplishments through completion of the Primary Mission, and reporting progress in the Extended Mission.(1) C1 [Taylor, Randall L.; Lehman, David H.; Hoffman, Tom L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Taylor, RL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM randall.l.taylor@jpl.nasa.gov; zuber@mit.edu; david.h.lehman@jpl.nasa.gov; tom.l.hoffman@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Science Mission Directorate; NASA Discovery; New Frontiers Program Office FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of the entire GRAIL project team at MIT, JPL, LM, KSC, GSFC, SRS, subcontractors, and supporting institutions, as well as the support provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate and the NASA Discovery and New Frontiers Program Office. It is the success of their efforts that this paper strives to summarize. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900058 ER PT S AU Terrile, RJ Jackson, BL AF Terrile, Richard J. Jackson, Byron L. GP IEEE TI Balancing Innovation with Commercialization in NASA's Science Mission Directorate SBIR Program SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) administers a portion of the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program. One of the challenges of administrating this program is to balance the need to foster innovation in small businesses and the need to demonstrate commercialization by infusion into NASA. Because of the often risky nature of innovation, SBIR programs will tend to drift into a status that rewards proposals that promise to deliver a product that is exactly what was specified in the call. This often will satisfy the metric of providing a clear demonstration of infusion and thus also providing a publishable success story. However, another goal of the SBIR program is to foster innovation as a national asset. Even though data from commercially successful SMD SBIR tasks indicate a higher value for less innovative efforts, there are programmatic and national reasons to balance the program toward risking a portion of the portfolio on higher innovation tasks. Establishing this balance is made difficult because there is a reward metric for successful infusion and commercializetion, but none for successful innovation. In general, the ultimate infusion and commercialization of innovative solutions has a lower probability than implementation of established ideas, but they can also have a much higher return on investment. If innovative ideas are valued and solicited in the SBIR program, then NASA technology requirements need to be specified in a way that defines the problem and possible solution, but will also allow for different approaches and unconventional methods. It may also be necessary to establish a guideline to risk a percentage of awards on these innovations.(1) C1 [Terrile, Richard J.; Jackson, Byron L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Terrile, RJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rich.Terrile@jpl.nasa.gov; Byron.L.Jackson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900071 ER PT S AU Thrivikraman, T Hoffman, J AF Thrivikraman, Tushar Hoffman, James GP IEEE TI Design of an Ultra-High Efficiency GaN High-Power Amplifier for SAR Remote Sensing SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This work describes the development of a high-power amplifier for use with a remote sensing SAR system. The amplifier is intended to meet the requirements for the SweepSAR technique for use in the proposed DESDynI SAR instrument. In order to optimize the amplifier design, active load-pull technique is employed to provide harmonic tuning to provide efficiency improvements. In addition, some of the techniques to overcome the challenges of load-pulling high power devices are presented. The design amplifier was measured to have 49 dBm of output power with 75% PAE, which is suitable to meet the proposed system requirements. C1 [Thrivikraman, Tushar; Hoffman, James] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Thrivikraman, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tushar.Thrivikraman@jpl.nasa.gov; James.P.Hoffman@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903068 ER PT S AU Tito, DA Anderson, G Carrico, JP Clark, J Finger, B Lantz, GA Loucks, ME MacCallum, T Poynter, J Squire, TH Worden, SP AF Tito, Dennis A. Anderson, Grant Carrico, John P., Jr. Clark, Jonathan Finger, Barry Lantz, Gary A. Loucks, Michel E. MacCallum, Taber Poynter, Jane Squire, Thomas H. Worden, S. Pete GP IEEE TI Feasibility Analysis for a Manned Mars Free-Return Mission in 2018 SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In 1998 Patel et al searched for Earth-Mars free-return trajectories that leave Earth, fly by Mars, and return to Earth without any deterministic maneuvers after Trans-Mars Injection. They found fast trajectory opportunities occurring two times every 15 years with a 1.4-year duration, significantly less than most Mars free return trajectories, which take up to 3.5 years. This paper investigates these fast trajectories. It also determines the launch and life support feasibility of flying such a mission using hardware expected to be available in time for an optimized fast trajectory opportunity in January, 2018. The authors optimized the original trajectory using patched-conic approximations, and then modeled the trajectory using numerical integration with high fidelity force models and the JPL planetary ephemerides. We calculated an optimum trajectory launching in early January, 2018. At the Mars encounter, the spacecraft will pass within a few hundred kilometers of the surface. We investigated the Earth reentry conditions and developed some aerocapture options to mitigate G-loads on the returning crew. We also describe tradeoffs and studies necessary to develop the Thermal Protection System (TPS). To size the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) we set the initial mission assumption to two crew members for 500 days in a modified SpaceX Dragon class of vehicle. The journey is treated as a high-risk mission, which drives towards reliable-but minimalist-accommodations and provisions. As such, we investigated State Of the Art (SOA) technologies that would meet only basic human needs to support metabolic requirements and limited crew comfort allowances. We compare a baseline SOA architecture with an advanced architecture. The advanced architecture uses recently developed equipment that has higher efficiencies for water recovery and lighter base mass. They are not currently in operation and therefore present a schedule risk for development and testing. We also present a notional schedule based on state of the art ECLSS technologies. ECLSS is a systems-integration-intense subsystem, so actual schedule is highly dependent on the vehicle integration schedule and timeline. The isolated, confined environment psychology aspects of the mission are considered with regard to crew selection, training, capsule design, the role of mission control/support, and early ground testing. We explore analogues such as Biosphere 2 and long duration spaceflight. We show that an ECLSS based on SOA technologies is feasible and can be ready for January 2018. A minimalist approach using existing technologies can be safely and robustly realized by utilizing spares and a crew capable of servicing and replacing the equipment. C1 [Tito, Dennis A.] Wilshire Associates Inc, 1800 Alta Mura Rd, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. [Anderson, Grant; MacCallum, Taber; Poynter, Jane] Paragon Space Dev Corp, Tucson, AZ 85714 USA. [Carrico, John P., Jr.] Appl Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Clark, Jonathan] Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Space Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Finger, Barry; Lantz, Gary A.] Paragon Space Dev Corp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Loucks, Michel E.] Space Explorat Engn Co, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Squire, Thomas H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Worden, S. Pete] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Tito, DA (reprint author), Wilshire Associates Inc, 1800 Alta Mura Rd, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. EM dennistito@gmail.com; ganderson@paragonsdc.com; John@AppliedDefense.com; jclark1@bcm.edu; bfinger@paragonsdc.com; glantz@paragonsdc.com; loucks@see.com; tmaccallum@paragonsdc.com; jpoynter@paragonsdc.com; Thomas.H.Squire@nasa.gov; Simon.p.worden@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903076 ER PT S AU Tokars, RP Lekki, JD AF Tokars, Roger P. Lekki, John D. GP IEEE TI Self Diagnostic Accelerometer Ground Testing on a C-17 Aircraft Engine SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The self diagnostic accelerometer (SDA) developed by the NASA Glenn Research Center was tested for the first time in an aircraft engine environment as part of the Vehicle Integrated Propulsion Research (VIPR) program. The VIPR program includes testing multiple critical flight sensor technologies. One such sensor, the accelerometer, measures vibrations to detect faults in the engine. In order to rely upon the accelerometer, the health of the accelerometer must be ensured. Sensor system malfunction is a significant contributor to propulsion in flight shutdowns (IFSD) which can lead to aircraft accidents when the issue is compounded with an inappropriate crew response. The development of the SDA is important for both reducing the IFSD rate, and hence reducing the rate at which this component failure type can put an aircraft in jeopardy, and also as a critical enabling technology for future automated malfunction diagnostic systems. The SDA is a sensor system designed to actively determine the accelerometer structural health and attachment condition, in addition to making vibration measurements. The SDA uses a signal conditioning unit that sends an electrical chirp to the accelerometer and recognizes changes in the response due to changes in the accelerometer health and attachment condition. In an effort toward demonstrating the SDA's flight worthiness and robustness, multiple SDAs were mounted and tested on a C-17 aircraft engine. The engine test conditions varied from engine off, to idle, to maximum power. The two SDA attachment conditions used were fully tight and loose. The newly developed SDA health algorithm described herein uses cross correlation pattern recognition to discriminate a healthy from a faulty SDA. The VIPR test results demonstrate for the first time the robustness of the SDA in an engine environment characterized by high vibration levels. C1 [Tokars, Roger P.; Lekki, John D.] Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Tokars, RP (reprint author), Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Roger.P.Tokars@nasa.gov; John.D.Lekki@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903065 ER PT S AU Trebi-Ollennu, A Rankin, AL Cheng, Y Tso, KS Deen, RG Aghazarian, H Kulczycki, EA Bonitz, RG Alkalai, L AF Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey Rankin, Arturo L. Cheng, Yang Tso, Kam S. Deen, Robert G. Aghazarian, Hrand Kulczycki, Eric A. Bonitz, Robert G. Alkalai, Leon GP IEEE TI Instrument Deployment Testbed: For Planetary Surface Geophysical Exploration SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes a high fidelity mission concept systems testbed at JPL that was used to support the InSight (Interior Exploration Using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport) mission concept study. The InSight mission would conduct geophysical exploration of Mars' interior using three instruments 1. SEIS seismometer monitors seismic activity and tidal displacements; 2. RISE X-band radio Doppler tracking experiment measures rotational variations; and 3. HP3: Heat-flow and Physical Properties Probe determines the geothermal heat flux. CNES contributes SEIS and DLR contributes HP3. The measurements from these instruments would yield information about processes that occurred during the initial accretion of the planet, the formation and differentiation of its core, crust, and mantle, and subsequent evolution of its interior. The SEIS and HP3 instruments will be deployed to the surface of Mars using a robotic arm similar to the robotic arm used on the Mars Phoenix Lander mission and operational experience inherited from Phoenix and MER. The SEIS and HP3 will be monitored every three hours for one Mars year, with no ground-in-the-loop interaction required. InSight was one of three proposed missions selected by NASA Discovery Program in May 2011 for funding to conduct preliminary design studies and analyses. InSight was selected in August 2012 as the 12th mission in the NASA Discovery Program. C1 [Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey; Rankin, Arturo L.; Cheng, Yang; Tso, Kam S.; Deen, Robert G.; Aghazarian, Hrand; Kulczycki, Eric A.; Bonitz, Robert G.; Alkalai, Leon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Trebi-Ollennu, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ashitey@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902020 ER PT S AU Tsao, P Torres, J Schoolcraft, J Mittman, D AF Tsao, Philip Torres, Jay Schoolcraft, Joshua Mittman, David GP IEEE TI Deploying the Robot Application Programming Interface Delegate via Second-Generation IP-over-DTN SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Robot Application Programmer Interface Delegate (RAPID) is a pipeline designed for telerobotic operations in the Human Exploration Technology (HET) Program. As human spaceflight missions become more ambitious and far reaching (for example, long duration operations on board ISS or around near-Earth asteroids), traditional telerobotic technology becomes expensive, unwieldy and difficult to scale. We present a RAPID deployment architecture that leverages the advantages of COT S internetworking infrastructure while enjoying many of the benefits of space-optimized Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) technology. DTNTAP is a multi-platform second-generation IP over DTN implementation with performance and usability improvements over its predecessor. Selected results from functional and performance tests are presented and new capabilities are described. C1 [Tsao, Philip; Torres, Jay; Schoolcraft, Joshua; Mittman, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tsao, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ptsao@jpi.nasa.gov; jtorres@jpi.nasa.gov; joshua.schoolcraft@jpi.nasa.gov; david.s.mittman@jpi.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902063 ER PT S AU Vasudev, R Mansour, K Webster, CR AF Vasudev, Ram Mansour, Kamjou Webster, Christopher R. GP IEEE TI Highly Sensitive Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometers for In Situ Planetary Exploration SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ENHANCED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-ICE; HIGH OBLIQUITY; MARS; ENCELADUS; SURFACE; ORGANICS; PLUME; MOON; LIFE AB This paper describes highly sensitive tunable diode laser spectrometers suitable for in situ planetary exploration. The technology developed at JPL is based on wavelength modulated cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. It is capable of sensitively detecting chemical signatures of life through the abundance of biogenic molecules and their isotopic composition, and chemicals such as water necessary for habitats of life. The technology would be suitable for searching for biomarkers, extinct life, potential habitats of extant life, and signatures of ancient climates on Mars; and for detecting biomarkers, prebiotic chemicals and habitats of life in the outer Solar System. It would be useful for prospecting for water on the Moon and asteroids, and characterizing its isotopic composition. Deployment on the Moon could provide ground truth to the recent remote measurements and help to uncover precious records of the early bombardment history of the inner Solar System buried at the shadowed poles, and elucidate the mechanism for the generation of near-surface water in the illuminated regions. The technology would also be useful for detecting other volatile molecules in planetary atmospheres and subsurface reservoirs, isotopic characterization of planetary materials, and searching for signatures of extinct life preserved in solid matrices. C1 [Vasudev, Ram; Mansour, Kamjou; Webster, Christopher R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Vasudev, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rvasudev@jpl.nasa.gov; Kamjou.Mansour@jpl.nasa.gov; Chris.R.Webster@jpl.nasa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901092 ER PT S AU Villalpando, CY Werner, RA Carson, JM Khanoyan, G Stern, RA Trawny, N AF Villalpando, Carlos Y. Werner, Robert A. Carson, John M., III Khanoyan, Garen Stern, Ryan A. Trawny, Nikolas GP IEEE TI A Hybrid FPGA/Tilera Compute Element for Autonomous Hazard Detection and Navigation SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB To increase safety for future missions landing on other planetary or lunar bodies, the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) program is developing an integrated sensor for autonomous surface analysis and hazard determination. The ALHAT Hazard Detection System (HDS) consists of a Flash LIDAR for measuring the topography of the landing site, a gimbal to scan across the terrain, and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), along with terrain analysis algorithms to identify the landing site and the local hazards. An FPGA and Manycore processor system was developed to interface all the devices in the HDS, to provide high-resolution timing to accurately measure system state, and to run the surface analysis algorithms quickly and efficiently. In this paper, we will describe how we integrated COTS components such as an FPGA evaluation board, a TILExpress64, and multi-threaded/multi-core aware software to build the HDS Compute Element (HDSCE). The ALHAT program is also working with the NASA Morpheus Project and has integrated the HDS as a sensor on the Morpheus Lander. This paper will also describe how the HDS is integrated with the Morpheus lander and the results of the initial test flights with the HDS installed. We will also describe future improvements to the HDSCE. C1 [Villalpando, Carlos Y.; Werner, Robert A.; Carson, John M., III; Khanoyan, Garen; Stern, Ryan A.; Trawny, Nikolas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Villalpando, CY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Carlos.Y.Villalpando@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901079 ER PT S AU Vilnrotter, V AF Vilnrotter, Victor GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation of Large Aperture "Polished Panel" Optical Receivers Based on Experimental Data SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Recent interest in the development of hybrid RF/Optical communications has led to the installation of a "polished-panel" optical receiver evaluation assembly on the 34-meter research antenna at Deep-Space Station 13 (DSS-13) at NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex l. The test setup consists of a custom aluminum panel polished to optical smoothness, and a large-sensor CCD camera designed to image the point-spread function (PSF) generated by the polished aluminum panel. Extensive data has been obtained via real-time tracking and imaging of planets and stars at DSS-13. Both "on-source" and "off-source" data were recorded at various elevations, enabling the development of realistic simulations and analytic models to help determine the performance of future deep-space communications systems operating with on-off keying (OOK) or pulse-position-modulated (PPM) signaling formats, and compared with the ultimate quantum bound on detection performance. Experimentally determined PSFs were scaled to provide realistic signal-distributions across a photon-counting detector array when a pulse is received, and uncoded as well as block-coded performance analyzed and evaluated for a well-known class of block codes. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Vilnrotter, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Victor.A.Vilnrotter@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900070 ER PT S AU Vilnrotter, V AF Vilnrotter, Victor GP IEEE TI Tracking Performance of Upgraded "Polished Panel" Optical Receiver on NASA's 34 meter Research Antenna SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB There has been considerable interest in developing and demonstrating a hybrid "polished panel" optical receiver concept that would replace the microwave panels on the Deep Space Network's (DSN) 34 meter antennas with highly polished aluminum panels, thus enabling simultaneous optical and microwave reception I. A test setup has been installed on the 34 meter research antenna at DSS-13 (Deep Space Station 13) at NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in California in order to assess the feasibility of this concept. Here we describe the results of a recent effort to dramatically reduce the dimensions of the point-spread function (PSF) generated by a custom polished panel, thus enabling improved optical communications performance. The latest results are compared to the previous configuration in terms of quantifiable PSF improvement. In addition, the performance of acquisition and tracking algorithms designed specifically for the polished panel PSF are evaluated and compared, based on data obtained from real-time tracking of planets and bright stars with the 34 meter research antenna at DSS-13. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Vilnrotter, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Victor.A.Vilnrotter@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900069 ER PT S AU Wagner, RS Dufour, JF Braham, SP Barton, RJ AF Wagner, Raymond S. Dufour, Jean-Francois Braham, Stephen P. Barton, Richard J. GP IEEE TI An Overview of the Smart Sensor Inter-Agency Reference Testbench (SSIART) SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In this paper, we present an overview of a proposed collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), which is designed to facilitate the introduction of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) radios for smart-sensing applications into international spaceflight programs and projects. The proposed work will produce test hardware reference designs, test software reference architectures and example implementations, test plans in reference test environments, and test results, all of which will be shared between the agencies and documented for future use by mission planners. The proposed collaborative structure together with all of the anticipated tools and results produced under the effort is collectively referred to as the Smart Sensor Inter-agency Reference Testbench or SSIART. It is intended to provide guidance in technology selection and in increasing the related readiness levels of projects and missions as well as the space industry. C1 [Wagner, Raymond S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Dufour, Jean-Francois] ESA European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Braham, Stephen P.] Simon Fraser Univ, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Barton, Richard J.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Wagner, RS (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM raymond.s.wagner@nasa.gov; jean-francois.dufour@esa.int; sbraham@sfu.ca; richard.j.barton@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901064 ER PT S AU Way, DW AF Way, David W. GP IEEE TI Preliminary Assessment of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Simulation. SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB On August 5, 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, successfully landed inside Gale Crater. This landing was the seventh successful landing and fourth rover to be delivered to Mars. Weighing nearly one metric ton, Curiosity is the largest and most complex rover ever sent to investigate another planet. Safely landing such a large payload required an innovative Entry, Descent, and Landing system, which included the first guided entry at Mars, the largest supersonic parachute ever flown at Mars, and the novel Sky Crane landing system. A complete, end-to-end, six degree-of-freedom, multi-body computer simulation of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing sequence was developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. In-flight data gathered during the successful landing is compared to pre-flight statistical distributions, predicted by the simulation. These comparisons provide insight into both the accuracy of the simulation and the overall performance of the Entry, Descent, and Landing system. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Way, DW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM david.w.way@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903067 ER PT S AU Wolf, MT Assad, C Stoica, A You, K Jethani, H Vernacchia, MT Fromm, J Iwashita, Y AF Wolf, Michael T. Assad, Christopher Stoica, Adrian You, Kisung Jethani, Henna Vernacchia, Matthew T. Fromm, Joshua Iwashita, Yumi GP IEEE TI Decoding Static and Dynamic Arm and Hand Gestures from the JPL BioSleeve SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID RECOGNITION; INTERFACE; ROBOT AB This paper presents methods for inferring arm and hand gestures from forearm surface electromyography (EMG) sensors and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). These sensors, together with their electronics, are packaged in an easily donned device, termed the BioSleeve, worn on the forearm. The gestures decoded from BioSleeve signals can provide natural user interface commands to computers and robots, without encumbering the users hands and without problems that hinder camera-based systems. Potential aerospace applications for this technology include gesture-based crew-autonomy interfaces, high degree of freedom robot teleoperation, and astronauts' control of power-assisted gloves during extra-vehicular activity (EVA). We have developed techniques to interpret both static (stationary) and dynamic (time-varying) gestures from the BioSleeve signals, enabling a diverse and adaptable command library. For static gestures, we achieved over 96% accuracy on 17 gestures and nearly 100% accuracy on 11 gestures, based solely on EMG signals. Nine dynamic gestures were decoded with an accuracy of 99%. This combination of wearable EMG and IMU hardware and accurate algorithms for decoding both static and dynamic gestures thus shows promise for natural user interface applications. C1 [Wolf, Michael T.; Assad, Christopher; Stoica, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [You, Kisung] Res Inst Ind Sci & Tech, Pohang, South Korea. [Jethani, Henna; Vernacchia, Matthew T.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fromm, Joshua] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Iwashita, Yumi] Kyushu Univ, Sch Info Sci & Elec Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Wolf, MT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wolf@jpl.nasa.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MTO; Army Research Office [MIPR2C080XR010] FX This research was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of this work was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MTO under the auspices of Dr. Jack Judy through the Army Research Office, Contract No. MIPR2C080XR010. The authors would like to thank Marco Pavone, Maria Jabon, and Sean Thomas for their contributions to this work. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902034 ER PT S AU Zacny, K Paulsen, G Bar-Cohen, Y Beegle, L Sherrit, S Badescu, M Mellerowicz, B Rzepiejewska, O Craft, J Sadick, S Corsetti, F Ibarra, Y Bao, XQ Lee, HJ Abbey, B AF Zacny, Kris Paulsen, Gale Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Beegle, Luther Sherrit, Stewart Badescu, Mircea Mellerowicz, Bolek Rzepiejewska, Ola Craft, Jack Sadick, Shazad Corsetti, Frank Ibarra, Yadira Bao, Xiaoqi Lee, Hyeong Jae Abbey, Bill GP IEEE TI Wireline Deep Drill for Exploration of Mars, Europa, and Enceladus SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB One of the most pressing current questions in space science is whether life has ever arisen anywhere else in the universe. Water is a critical prerequisite for all life-as-we-know-it, thus the possible exploration targets for extraterrestrial life are bodies that have or had copious liquid: Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. Due to the oxidizing nature of Mars' surface, as well as subsurface liquid water reservoirs present on Europa and Enceladus, the search for evidence of existing life must likely focus on subsurface locations, at depths sufficient to support liquid water or retain biologic signatures. To address these questions, an Auto-Gopher sampler has been developed that is a wireline type drill. This drill is suspended on a tether and its motors and mechanisms are built into a tube that ends with a coring bit. The tether provides the mechanical connection to a rover/lander on a surface as well as power and data communication. Upon penetrating to a target depth, the drill is retracted from the borehole, the core is deposited into a sample transfer system, and the drill is lowered back into the hole. Wireline operation sidesteps one of the major drawbacks of traditional continuous drill string systems by obviating the need for multiple drill sections, which add significantly to the mass and the complexity of the system. The Auto-gopher has been successfully tested in a laboratory environment in rock to a depth of 2 m. Field testing of the drill took place in November, 2012 at the US Gypsum quarry outside Borrego Springs, CA. The drill successfully penetrated to over 3 m depth with an average penetration rate of 1 m/hr. C1 [Zacny, Kris; Paulsen, Gale; Mellerowicz, Bolek; Rzepiejewska, Ola] Honeybee Robot, 398 W Washington Blvd,Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Beegle, Luther; Sherrit, Stewart; Badescu, Mircea; Bao, Xiaoqi; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Abbey, Bill] CALTECH, NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Craft, Jack; Sadick, Shazad] Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Corsetti, Frank; Ibarra, Yadira] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Zacny, K (reprint author), Honeybee Robot, 398 W Washington Blvd,Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. EM zacny@honeybeerobotics.com; paulsen@honeybeerobotics.com; yosi@jpl.nasa.gov; Luther.Beegle@jpl.nasa.gov; ssherrit@jpl.nasa.gov; stewart.sherrit@jpl.nasa.gov; mellerowicz@honeybeerobotics.com; ola@honeybeerobotics.com; craft@honeybeerobotics.com; sadick@honeybeerobotics.com; fcorsett@usc.edu; yibarra@usc.edu; Xiaoqi.bao@jpl.nasa.gov; Hyeong.Jae.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov; william.j.abbey@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902052 ER PT S AU Zacny, K Paulsen, G Chu, P Hedlund, M Spring, J Osborne, L Matthews, J Zarzhitsky, D Nesnas, IA Szwarc, T Indyk, S AF Zacny, Kris Paulsen, Gale Chu, Philip Hedlund, Magnus Spring, Justin Osborne, Lars Matthews, Jaret Zarzhitsky, Dimitri Nesnas, Issa A. Szwarc, Timothy Indyk, Stephen GP IEEE TI Axel Rover NanoDrill and PowderDrill: Acquisition of Cores, Regolith and Powder from Steep Walls SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes development and testing of low-mass, low-power drills for the Axel rover. Axel is a two-wheeled tethered rover designed for the robotic exploration of steep cliff walls, crater walls and deep holes on earth and other planetary bodies. The Axel rover has a capability to deploy scientific instruments and/or samplers in the areas of interest to scientists currently inaccessible by conventional robotic systems. To enable sample recovery, we developed two drills: NanoDrill for acquisition of 25 mm long and 7 mm diameter cores and PowderDrill for acquisition of either in situ regolith/soil or drilled cuttings from depths of up to 15 mm. Both drills have been successfully tested in laboratory in limestone and sandstone rocks and on-board the Axel rover in the Mars Yard at NASA JPL. The drills managed to acquire limestone and sandstone cores and powder, with an average power of less than 5 Watts. The penetration rate of the NanoDrill was similar to 2 mm/min and of the PowderDrill it was similar to 9 mm/min. After sample acquisition, both drills successfully ejected of the acquired samples (cores and powder). C1 [Zacny, Kris; Paulsen, Gale; Chu, Philip; Hedlund, Magnus; Spring, Justin; Osborne, Lars; Indyk, Stephen] Honeybee Robot, 398 W Washington Blvd,Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Matthews, Jaret; Zarzhitsky, Dimitri; Nesnas, Issa A.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Szwarc, Timothy] Stanford Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zacny, K (reprint author), Honeybee Robot, 398 W Washington Blvd,Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. EM zacny@honeybeerobotics.com; paulsen@honeybeerobotics.com; chu@honeybeerobotics.com; hedlund@honeybeerobotics.com; spring@honeybeerobotics.com; osborne@honeybeerobotics.com; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; tjs53@stanford.edu; indyk@honeybeerobotics.com FU National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Mars Technology; Planetary Instrument Definition &. Development Program (PIDDP); Honeybee Robotics Internal Research and Development fund FX The project has been funded by the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Mars Technology Program, Planetary Instrument Definition &. Development Program (PIDDP), and Honeybee Robotics Internal Research and Development fund. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902051 ER PT S AU Zeitlin, NP Schaefer, SJ Brown, BL Clements, GR Fawcett, MK AF Zeitlin, Nancy P. Schaefer, Stanley J. Brown, Barbara L. Clements, Gregory R. Fawcett, Michael K. GP IEEE TI Ground and Launch Systems Processing Technologies to Reduce Overall Mission Life Cycle Cost SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes ground and launch systems processing technologies that will extend and sustain the human presence and activities in space by reducing the overall mission life cycle cost for transportation to, from, and on planetary bodies. The NASA Strategic Space Technology Investment Plan (SSTIP) identified the need for improvements in launch ground systems to help missions run more efficiently and affordably, which will enable NASA to meet its mission within the strained budget environment. C1 [Zeitlin, Nancy P.; Clements, Gregory R.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Schaefer, Stanley J.; Fawcett, Michael K.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Brown, Barbara L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zeitlin, NP (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Nancy.P.Zeitlin@nasa.gov; Stanley.J.Schaefer@nasa.gov; Barbara.L.Brown@nasa.gov; Gregory.R.Clements@nasa.gov; Mike.Fawcett@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903091 ER PT S AU Zimmerman, W Blake, D Harris, W Morookian, JM Randall, D Reder, LJ Sarrazin, P AF Zimmerman, Wayne Blake, Dave Harris, William Morookian, John Michael Randall, Dave Reder, Leonard J. Sarrazin, Phillipe GP IEEE TI MSL Chemistry and Mineralogy X-ray Diffraction X-ray Fluorescence (CheMin) Instrument SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper provides an overview of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Chemistry and Mineralogy X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) (CheMin) Instrument, an element of the landed Curiosity rover payload, which landed on Mars in August of 2012. The scientific goal of the MSL mission is to explore and quantitatively assess regions in Gale Crater as a potential habitat for life - past or present. The CheMin instrument will receive Martian rock and soil samples from the MSL Sample Acquisition/Sample Processing and Handling (SA/SPaH) system, and process it utilizing X-Ray spectroscopy methods to determine mineral composition. The Chemin instrument will analyze Martian soil and rocks to enable scientists to investigate geophysical processes occurring on Mars. The CheMin science objectives and proposed surface operations are described along with the CheMin hardware with an emphasis on the system engineering challenges associated with developing such a complex instrument. C1 [Zimmerman, Wayne; Harris, William; Morookian, John Michael; Randall, Dave; Reder, Leonard J.; Sarrazin, Phillipe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 306-416, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zimmerman, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 306-416, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM wayne.f.zimmerman@jpl.nasa.gov; william.m.harris@jpl.nasa.gov; johnmichael.morookian@jpl.nasa.gov; david.p.randall@jpl.nasa.gov; leonard.j.reder@jpl.nasa.gov; psarrazin@inxitu.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123900022 ER PT S AU Zumbado, JR Curiel, PH Schreiner, S AF Zumbado, Jennifer Rochlis Curiel, Pedro H. Schreiner, Sam GP IEEE TI Hands-Free Control Interfaces for an Extra Vehicular Jetpack SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) strategic vision includes, as part of its long-term goals, the exploration of deep space and Near Earth Asteroids (NEA). To support these endeavors, funds have been invested in research to develop advanced exploration capabilities. To enable the human mobility necessary to effectively explore NEA and deep space, a new extravehicular activity (EVA) Jetpack is under development at the Johnson Space Center. The new design leverages knowledge and experience gained from the current astronaut rescue device, the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER). Whereas the primary goal for a rescue device is to return the crew to a safe haven, in-space exploration and navigation requires an expanded set of capabilities. To accommodate the range of tasks astronauts may be expected to perform while utilizing the Jetpack, it was desired to offer a hands-free method of control. This paper describes the development and innovations involved in creating two hands-free control interfaces and an experimental test platform for a suited astronaut flying the Jetpack during an EVA. C1 [Zumbado, Jennifer Rochlis; Curiel, Pedro H.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schreiner, Sam] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Zumbado, JR (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM jennifer.l.rochlis@nasa.gov; pedro.h.curiel@nasa.gov; schr0910@umn.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902001 ER PT S AU Tang, A Chang, MCF AF Tang, Adrian Chang, Mau-Chung Frank GP IEEE TI A 294 GHz 0.47mW Caterpillar Amplifier Based Transmitter in 65nm CMOS For THz Data-Links SO 2013 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS) SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) CY JAN 20-23, 2013 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS) DE power amplifiers; THz communication; caterpillar amplifier AB A fully integrated CMOS THz transmitter for short range data-links is presented which provides 0.47mW of output power at 294 GHz. The output frequency is derived from a 147 GHz on-chip LO and fully differential caterpillar power amplifier combined with a transformer coupled frequency doubler. The transmitter is integrated with an on-chip dipole antenna for use in THz communication systems and consumes a total of 258 mW. C1 [Tang, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Authors are grateful to TSMC for 65nm foundry support. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 978-1-4673-2932-3; 978-1-4673-2929-3 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2013 BP 46 EP 48 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFO61 UT WOS:000320762900016 ER PT J AU Paul, F Barrand, NE Baumann, S Berthier, E Bolch, T Casey, K Frey, H Joshi, SP Konovalov, V Le Bris, R Molg, N Nosenko, G Nuth, C Pope, A Racoviteanu, A Rastner, P Raup, B Scharrer, K Steffen, S Winsvold, S AF Paul, F. Barrand, N. E. Baumann, S. Berthier, E. Bolch, T. Casey, K. Frey, H. Joshi, S. P. Konovalov, V. Le Bris, R. Moelg, N. Nosenko, G. Nuth, C. Pope, A. Racoviteanu, A. Rastner, P. Raup, B. Scharrer, K. Steffen, S. Winsvold, S. TI On the accuracy of glacier outlines derived from remote-sensing data SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; BAFFIN-ISLAND; INVENTORY; CHALLENGES; CANADA; HIMALAYAS AB Deriving glacier outlines from satellite data has become increasingly popular in the past decade. In particular when glacier outlines are used as a base for change assessment, it is important to know how accurate they are. Calculating the accuracy correctly is challenging, as appropriate reference data (e.g. from higher-resolution sensors) are seldom available. Moreover, after the required manual correction of the raw outlines (e.g. for debris cover), such a comparison would only reveal the accuracy of the analyst rather than of the algorithm applied. Here we compare outlines for clean and debris-covered glaciers, as derived from single and multiple digitizing by different or the same analysts on very high- (1 m) and medium-resolution (30 m) remote-sensing data, against each other and to glacier outlines derived from automated classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper data. Results show a high variability in the interpretation of debris-covered glacier parts, largely independent of the spatial resolution (area differences were up to 30%), and an overall good agreement for clean ice with sufficient contrast to the surrounding terrain (differences similar to 5%). The differences of the automatically derived outlines from a reference value are as small as the standard deviation of the manual digitizations from several analysts. Based on these results, we conclude that automated mapping of clean ice is preferable to manual digitization and recommend using the latter method only for required corrections of incorrectly mapped glacier parts (e.g. debris cover, shadow). C1 [Paul, F.; Bolch, T.; Frey, H.; Le Bris, R.; Moelg, N.; Rastner, P.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Barrand, N. E.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Baumann, S.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80290 Munich, Germany. [Berthier, E.] Univ Toulouse, Legos, CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Casey, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Joshi, S. P.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Konovalov, V.; Nosenko, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Moscow, Russia. [Nuth, C.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Pope, A.] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1ER, England. [Racoviteanu, A.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. [Raup, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scharrer, K.] Environm Earth Observat ENVEO, Innsbruck, Austria. [Steffen, S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Winsvold, S.] Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate NV, Oslo, Norway. RP Paul, F (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. EM frank.paul@geo.uzh.ch RI Berthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009; Casey, Kimberly/A-4478-2013; OI Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155; Casey, Kimberly/0000-0002-6115-7525; Racoviteanu, Adina/0000-0003-4954-1871; Bolch, Tobias/0000-0002-8201-5059 FU European Union [226375]; ESA project Glaciers_cci [4000101778/10/I-AM] FX This study was performed as part of the ESA project Glaciers_cci (4000101778/10/I-AM). This work was also supported by funding from the ice2sea programme of the European Union 7th Framework Programme, grant No. 226375. This is ice2sea contribution No. 093. We thank both anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 23 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 55 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 54 IS 63 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.3189/2013AoG63A296 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 181RF UT WOS:000321685500020 ER PT J AU Nabat, P Somot, S Mallet, M Chiapello, I Morcrette, JJ Solmon, F Szopa, S Dulac, F Collins, W Ghan, S Horowitz, LW Lamarque, JF Lee, YH Naik, V Nagashima, T Shindell, D Skeie, R AF Nabat, P. Somot, S. Mallet, M. Chiapello, I. Morcrette, J. J. Solmon, F. Szopa, S. Dulac, F. Collins, W. Ghan, S. Horowitz, L. W. Lamarque, J. F. Lee, Y. H. Naik, V. Nagashima, T. Shindell, D. Skeie, R. TI A 4-D climatology (1979-2009) of the monthly tropospheric aerosol optical depth distribution over the Mediterranean region from a comparative evaluation and blending of remote sensing and model products SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; SAHARAN DUST; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; AERONET OBSERVATIONS; SYSTEM MODEL; OCEAN; SATELLITE; SIMULATIONS; SEAWIFS AB Since the 1980s several spaceborne sensors have been used to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region. In parallel, AOD climatologies coming from different numerical model simulations are now also available, permitting to distinguish the contribution of several aerosol types to the total AOD. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of this unique multiyear database in terms of total AOD and of its apportionment by the five main aerosol types (soil dust, sea-salt, sulfate, black and organic carbon). We use 9 different satellite-derived monthly AOD products: NOAA/AVHRR, SeaWiFS (2 products), TERRA/MISR, TERRA/MODIS, AQUA/MODIS, ENVISAT/MERIS, PARASOL/POLDER and MSG/SEVIRI, as well as 3 more historical datasets: NIMBUS7/CZCS, TOMS (onboard NIMBUS7 and Earth- Probe) and METEOSAT/MVIRI. Monthly model datasets include the aerosol climatology from Tegen et al. (1997), the climate-chemistry models LMDz-OR-INCA and RegCM-4, the multi-model mean coming from the ACCMIP exercise, and the reanalyses GEMS and MACC. Ground-based Level-2 AERONET AOD observations from 47 stations around the basin are used here to evaluate the model and satellite data. The sensor MODIS (on AQUA and TERRA) has the best average AOD scores over this region, showing a relevant spatio-temporal variability and highlighting high dust loads over Northern Africa and the sea (spring and summer), and sulfate aerosols over continental Europe (summer). The comparison also shows limitations of certain datasets (especially MERIS and SeaWiFS standard products). Models reproduce the main patterns of the AOD variability over the basin. The MACC reanalysis is the closest to AERONET data, but appears to underestimate dust over Northern Africa, where RegCM-4 is found closer to MODIS thanks to its interactive scheme for dust emissions. The vertical dimension is also investigated using the CALIOP instrument. This study confirms differences of vertical distribution between dust aerosols showing a large vertical spread, and other continental and marine aerosols which are confined in the boundary layer. From this compilation, we propose a 4-D blended product from model and satellite data, consisting in monthly time series of 3-D aerosol distribution at a 50 km horizontal resolution over the Euro-Mediterranean marine and continental region for the 2003-2009 period. The product is based on the total AOD from AQUA/MODIS, apportioned into sulfates, black and organic carbon from the MACC reanalysis, and into dust and sea-salt aerosols from RegCM-4 simulations, which are distributed vertically based on CALIOP climatology. We extend the 2003-2009 reconstruction to the past up to 1979 using the 2003-2009 average and applying the decreasing trend in sulfate aerosols from LMDz-OR-INCA, whose AOD trends over Europe and the Mediterranean are median among the ACCMIP models. Finally optical properties of the different aerosol types in this region are proposed from Mie calculations so that this reconstruction can be included in regional climate models for aerosol radiative forcing and aerosol-climate studies. C1 [Nabat, P.; Somot, S.] Meteo France, CNRS CNRM GAME, UMR3589, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. [Mallet, M.] Lab Aerol, UMR 5560, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Chiapello, I.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, UMR 8518, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Morcrette, J. J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Solmon, F.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theroret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. [Szopa, S.; Dulac, F.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Collins, W.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Ghan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D.] NASA, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Skeie, R.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. RP Nabat, P (reprint author), Meteo France, CNRS CNRM GAME, UMR3589, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, 42 Ave G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. EM pierre.nabat@meteo.fr RI Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016 OI Somot, Samuel/0000-0002-5066-2921; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672 FU French National Research Agency (ANR) project ADRIMED [ANR-11-BS56-0006]; FP7 European Commission project CLIMRUN [FP7-ENV-2010-265192]; European Commission [SIP4-CT-2004-516099]; MACC [218793]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy FX We would like to thank Meteo-France for the financial support of the first author. This work is part of the Med-CORDEX initiative (www.medcordex.eu) and a contribution to the HyMeX and ChArMEx programmes. This new AOD climatology is indeed available on the ChArMEx database (http://mistrals.sedoo.fr/ChArMEx). This research has received funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) project ADRIMED (contract ANR-11-BS56-0006) and from the FP7 European Commission project CLIMRUN (contract FP7-ENV-2010-265192). MODIS and MERIS data used in this paper were retrieved from the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. MISR and CALIOP data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center, SeaWiFS and CZCS data from the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group, AVHRR data from the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center and TOMS data from the NASA/GSFC TOMS group. We also thank the ICARE Data and Services Center for providing access to the PARASOL and SEVIRI data used in this study, and Cyril Moulin for providing his historical MVIRI data. We thank the PI investigators of the different AERONET stations and their staff for establishing and maintaining all the sites used in this investigation. GEMS was funded by the European Commission between 2004 and 2009 as part of the 6th Framework Programme under contract number SIP4-CT-2004-516099, and MACC was funded between 2009 and 2011 as part of the 7th Framework Programme, pilot core GMES Atmospheric Service under contract number 218793. We thank all the people taking part in the ACCMIP project, notably other scientists involved in the development of models, namely Toshihiko Takemura and Kengo Sudo for MIROC-CHEM, Stig Dalsoren for CICERO-OsloCTM2, and Greg Faluvegi for GISS-E2-R. The CESM project (which includes NCAR-CAM3.5 and NCAR-CAM5.1) is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 124 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1314 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181OU UT WOS:000321679200013 ER PT J AU Millan, L Dudhia, A AF Millan, L. Dudhia, A. TI A non-iterative linear retrieval for infrared high-resolution limb sounders SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MIPAS; TEMPERATURE; INVERSION; MLS AB Currently, most of the high-spectral-resolution infrared limb sounders use subsets of the recorded spectra (microwindows) in their retrieval schemes to reduce the computing time of rerunning the radiative transfer model. A fast linear retrieval scheme is described which allows the whole spectral signature of the target molecule to be used. We determine that pressure and temperature retrievals can be treated linearly up to a 20 % difference between the atmospheric state and the linearisation point for a 3 % error margin and up to 10K "difference" for a 3 K error margin near the stratopause and less than 0.5 K elsewhere. Assuming perfect pT knowledge, CH4 retrievals can be be treated linearly up to a 20 % CH4 concentration "difference" for a 2 % error margin. As an example, this technique is implemented for the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding instrument, but it is applicable to any high-resolution limb sounder. C1 [Millan, L.; Dudhia, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Millan, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM luis.f.millan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Millan, Luis/J-2759-2015 FU National Council on Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was part of a DPhil undertaken at the University of Oxford under the funding of the National Council on Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1396 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1381-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181OU UT WOS:000321679200019 ER PT J AU Burton, SP Ferrare, RA Vaughan, MA Omar, AH Rogers, RR Hostetler, CA Hair, JW AF Burton, S. P. Ferrare, R. A. Vaughan, M. A. Omar, A. H. Rogers, R. R. Hostetler, C. A. Hair, J. W. TI Aerosol classification from airborne HSRL and comparisons with the CALIPSO vertical feature mask SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; AERONET MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DUST; DEPOLARIZATION; EXTINCTION; TRANSPORT; CLOUDS; RATIO; TRANSFORMATION AB Aerosol classification products from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) on the NASA B200 aircraft are compared with coincident V3.01 aerosol classification products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on the CALIPSO satellite. For CALIOP, aerosol classification is a key input to the aerosol retrieval, and must be inferred using aerosol loading-dependent observations and location information. In contrast, HSRL-1 makes direct measurements of aerosol intensive properties, including the lidar ratio, that provide information on aerosol type. In this study, comparisons are made for 109 underflights of the CALIOP orbit track. We find that 62 % of the CALIOP marine layers and 54 % of the polluted continental layers agree with HSRL-1 classification results. In addition, 80 % of the CALIOP desert dust layers are classified as either dust or dusty mix by HSRL-1. However, agreement is less for CALIOP smoke (13 %) and polluted dust (35 %) layers. Specific case studies are examined, giving insight into the performance of the CALIOP aerosol type algorithm. In particular, we find that the CALIOP polluted dust type is overused due to an attenuation-related depolarization bias. Furthermore, the polluted dust type frequently includes mixtures of dust plus marine aerosol. Finally, we find that CALIOP's identification of internal boundaries between different aerosol types in contact with each other frequently do not reflect the actual transitions between aerosol types accurately. Based on these findings, we give recommendations which may help to improve the CALIOP aerosol type algorithms. C1 [Burton, S. P.; Ferrare, R. A.; Vaughan, M. A.; Omar, A. H.; Rogers, R. R.; Hostetler, C. A.; Hair, J. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Burton, SP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov RI Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 FU NASA Headquarters Science Mission Directorate Radiation Sciences Program; NASA CALIPSO project; US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-AI02-05ER63985] FX Funding for this research came from the NASA Headquarters Science Mission Directorate Radiation Sciences Program; the NASA CALIPSO project; and the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program, under Grant No. DE-AI02-05ER63985. The authors also acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used for some of the analysis described in this presentation. The authors would also like to thank the NASA Langley B200 King Air flight crew for their outstanding work in support of HSRL measurements, the engineering team who work untiringly on building and maintaining excellent HSRL instruments, and our colleagues who operated HSRL-1 in flight and processed the measurements. NR 56 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1412 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1397-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181OU UT WOS:000321679200020 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, WW Boersma, KF Zorner, J Allaart, MAF Bowman, KW Worden, JR AF Verstraeten, W. W. Boersma, K. F. Zorner, J. Allaart, M. A. F. Bowman, K. W. Worden, J. R. TI Validation of six years of TES tropospheric ozone retrievals with ozonesonde measurements: implications for spatial patterns and temporal stability in the bias SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EMISSION SPECTROMETER; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; ERROR ANALYSIS; MODEL AB In this analysis, Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) V004 nadir ozone (O-3) profiles are validated with more than 4400 coinciding ozonesonde measurements taken across the world from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) during the period 2005-2010. The TES observation operator was applied to the sonde data to ensure a consistent comparison between TES and ozonesonde data, i.e. without the influence of the a priori O-3 profile needed to regulate the retrieval. Generally, TES V004 O-3 retrievals are biased high by 2-7 ppbv (7-15 %) in the troposphere, consistent with validation results from earlier studies. Because of two degrees of freedom for signal in the troposphere, we can distinguish between upper and lower troposphere mean biases, respectively ranging from -0.4 to +13.3 ppbv for the upper troposphere and +3.9 to +6.0 ppbv for the lower troposphere. Focusing on the 464 hPa retrieval level, broadly representative of the free tropospheric O-3, we find differences in the TES biases for the tropics (+3 ppbv, +7 %), sub-tropics (+5 ppbv, +11 %), and northern (+7 ppbv, +13 %) and southern mid-latitudes (+4 ppbv, +10 %). The relatively long-term record (6 yr) of TES-ozonesonde comparisons allowed us to quantify temporal variations in TES biases at 464 hPa. We find that there are no discernable biases in each of these latitudinal bands; temporal variations in the bias are typically within the uncertainty of the difference between TES and ozonesondes. Establishing these bias patterns is important in order to make meaningful use of TES O-3 data in applications such as model evaluation, trend analysis, or data assimilation. C1 [Verstraeten, W. W.; Boersma, K. F.; Allaart, M. A. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Verstraeten, W. W.; Boersma, K. F.; Zorner, J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Fluid Dynam Lab, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Bowman, K. W.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Verstraeten, WW (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM w.w.verstraeten@tue.nl RI Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Verstraeten, Willem W./D-3247-2014 OI Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Verstraeten, Willem W./0000-0002-7222-5212 FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, NWO Vidi grant [864.09.001] FX This research was funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, NWO Vidi grant 864.09.001. We thank all those responsible for the WOUDC measurements and archives for making the ozonesonde data readily available and accessible for this work. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1413 EP 1423 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1413-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181OU UT WOS:000321679200021 ER PT J AU Adams, C Bourassa, AE Bathgate, AF McLinden, CA Lloyd, ND Roth, CZ Llewellyn, EJ Zawodny, JM Flittner, DE Manney, GL Daffer, WH Degenstein, DA AF Adams, C. Bourassa, A. E. Bathgate, A. F. McLinden, C. A. Lloyd, N. D. Roth, C. Z. Llewellyn, E. J. Zawodny, J. M. Flittner, D. E. Manney, G. L. Daffer, W. H. Degenstein, D. A. TI Characterization of Odin-OSIRIS ozone profiles with the SAGE II dataset SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE; LIMB SCATTERED SUNLIGHT; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; RETRIEVAL; TRENDS; INSTRUMENT; INFORMATION; VALIDATION; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRA AB The Optical Spectrograph and Infra Red Imaging System (OS IRIS) on board the Odin spacecraft has been taking limb-scattered measurements of ozone number density profiles from 2001-present. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) took solar occultation measurements of ozone number densities from 1984-2005 and has been used in many studies of long-term ozone trends. We present the characterization of OSIRIS SaslcMART v5.0 x against the new SAGE II v7.00 ozone profiles for 2001-2005, the period over which these two missions had overlap. This information can be used to merge OSIRIS with SAGE II into a single ozone record from 1984 to the present, if other satellite ozone measurements are included to account for gaps in the OSIRIS dataset in the winter hemisphere. Coincident measurement pairs were selected for +/- 1 h, +/- 1 degrees latitude, and +/- 500 km. The absolute value of the resulting mean relative difference profile is <5 % for 13.5-54.5 km and <3 % for 24.5-53.5 km. Correlation coefficients R > 0.9 were calculated for 13.5-49.5 km, demonstrating excellent overall agreement between the two datasets. Coincidence criteria were relaxed to maximize the number of measurement pairs and the conditions under which measurements were taken. With the broad coincidence criteria, good agreement (<5 %) was observed under most conditions for 20.5-40.5 km. However, mean relative differences do exceed 5 % for several cases. Above 50 km, differences between OSIRIS and SAGE II are partly attributed to the diurnal variation of ozone. OSIRIS data are biased high compared with SAGE II at 22.5 km, particularly at high latitudes. Dynamical coincidence criteria, using derived meteorological products, were also tested and yielded similar overall results, with slight improvements to the correlation at high latitudes. The OSIRIS optics temperature is low (< 16 degrees C) during May-July, when the satellite enters the Earth's shadow for part of its orbit. During this period, OSIRIS measurements are biased low by 5-12 % for 27.5-38.5 km. Biases between OSIRIS ascending node (northward equatorial crossing time similar to 18:00 LT local time) and descending node (southward equatorial crossing time similar to 06:00 LT) measurements are also noted under some conditions. This work demonstrates that OSIRIS and SAGE II have excellent overall agreement and characterizes the biases between these datasets. C1 [Adams, C.; Bourassa, A. E.; Bathgate, A. F.; McLinden, C. A.; Lloyd, N. D.; Roth, C. Z.; Llewellyn, E. J.; Degenstein, D. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [McLinden, C. A.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Zawodny, J. M.; Flittner, D. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Manney, G. L.] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM USA. [Daffer, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Adams, C (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. EM cristen.adams@usask.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Canadian Space Agency; Sweden (SNSB); Canada (CSA); France (CNES); Finland (Tekes) FX Thank you to Landon Rieger for converting the SAGE II data format. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) and the Canadian Space Agency. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), France (CNES), and Finland (Tekes). SAGE II data were provided by the NASA Langley Research Center and the NASA Langley Chemistry and Dynamics branch. Work carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1447 EP 1459 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1447-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181OU UT WOS:000321679200023 ER PT J AU Lyatsky, W Goldstein, ML AF Lyatsky, W. Goldstein, M. L. TI Effect of interchange instability on magnetic reconnection SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FINITE LARMOR RADIUS; CURRENT SHEETS; PLASMA SHEET; FLUX-TUBES; SOLAR-WIND; FLUIDS; ACCELERATION; PHYSICS; GROWTH AB We present here the results of a study of interacting magnetic fields that involves a force normal to the reconnection layer. In the presence of such force, the reconnection layer becomes unstable to interchange disturbances. The interchange instability results in formation of tongues of heated plasma that leaves the reconnection layer through its wide surface rather than through its narrow ends, as is the case in traditional magnetic reconnection models. This plasma flow out of the reconnection layer facilitates the removal of plasma from the layer and leads to fast reconnection. The proposed mechanism provides fast reconnection of interacting magnetic fields and does not depend on the thickness of the reconnection layer. This instability explains the strong turbulence and bidirectional streaming of plasma that is directed toward and away from the reconnection layer that is observed frequently above reconnection layers. The force normal to the reconnection layer also accelerates the removal of plasma islands appearing in the reconnection layer during turbulent reconnection. In the presence of this force normal to the reconnection layer, these islands are removed from the reconnection layer by the "buoyancy force", as happens in the case of interchange instability that arises due to the polarization electric field generated at the boundaries of the islands C1 [Lyatsky, W.; Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyatsky, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM wladislaw.lyatsky@nasa.gov; melvyn.l.goldstein@nasa.gov RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NASA Cluster Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center FX The authors are grateful to John Dorelli for useful discussions. This research was supported, in part, by the NASA Cluster Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 3 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.5194/npg-20-365-2013 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174GB UT WOS:000321141700009 ER PT S AU Mishchenko, MI AF Mishchenko, Michael I. BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI 125 Years of Radiative Transfer: Enduring Triumphs and Persisting Misconceptions SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Radiative transfer; Directional radiometry; Electromagnetics; Polarization; Maxwell equations ID DISCRETE RANDOM-MEDIA; MAXWELL EQUATIONS; RADIOMETRY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; PARADIGM AB The evolution of phenomenological and microphysical approaches to radiative transfer (RT) and directional radiometry (DR) is outlined. The importance of the seminal 1887 paper by Eugen von Lommel is discussed. It is shown that owing to recent advances, the disciplines of RT and DR have finally become legitimate branches of statistical electromagnetics. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Mishchenko, MI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1063/1.4804696 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100001 ER PT S AU Larar, AM Zhou, DK Liu, X Smith, WL AF Larar, Allen M. Zhou, Daniel K. Liu, Xu Smith, William L. BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI Geophysical Information from Advanced Sounder Infrared Spectral Radiance SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Atmospheric sounding; Information content; Infrared spectral radiance AB Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global observations of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring capability, and environmental change detection. Satisfying this type of improvement for inferred geophysical information from these observations requires optimal usage of data from current systems as well as enhancements to future sensors. This presentation addresses the information content present in infrared spectral radiance from advanced atmospheric sounders with an emphasis on knowledge of thermodynamic state and trace species. Results of trade-off studies conducted to evaluate the impact of spectral resolution, spectral coverage, instrument noise, and a priori knowledge on remote sensing system information content will be discussed in this manuscript. A focus is placed on information achievable from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA EOS Aqua satellite in orbit since 2002, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) aboard MetOp-A since 2006, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instrument aboard the NPP and JPSS series of satellites which began 28 October 2011. C1 [Larar, Allen M.; Zhou, Daniel K.; Liu, Xu] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 220 EP 223 DI 10.1063/1.4804746 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100052 ER PT S AU Wen, GY Marshak, A Remer, L Levy, R Loeb, N Varnai, T Cahalan, RF AF Wen, Guoyong Marshak, Alexander Remer, Lorraine Levy, Robert Loeb, Norman Varnai, Tamas Cahalan, Robert F. BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI Correction of MODIS Aerosol Retrieval for 3D Radiative Effects in Broken Cloud Fields SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE 3D Radiative transfer; MODIS; CALIPSO; Aerosol AB Retrieval of aerosol properties near clouds from reflected sunlight is rather challenging. Sunlight reflected from clouds can effectively enhance the reflectance from clear regions nearby. Ignoring cloud 3D radiative adjacency effects can lead to large biases in aerosol retrievals, resulting incorrect interpretation of satellite observations for aerosol-cloud interaction. We have developed a simple model to compute cloud-induced radiance enhancement due to radiative interaction between boundary layer clouds and the molecular layer above it. Here we apply this method to broken cloud fields acquired from MODIS. We use CERES observations combined with radiative transfer models to derive visible narrowband radiative fluxes for estimating the radiance enhancement. With the corrected spectral radiances as input to the MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithm, we compute the corrected aerosol optical thicknesses (AOT). We compare the corrected AOT with the original ones to assess the performance of our approach. We further discuss issues in the current correction method and plans to validate the algorithm. C1 [Wen, Guoyong; Marshak, Alexander; Levy, Robert; Varnai, Tamas; Cahalan, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wen, GY (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 280 EP 283 DI 10.1063/1.4804761 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100067 ER PT S AU Josset, D Doppler, L Waquet, F Seze, G Pelon, J Hu, Y Fischer, J Ravetta, F Tsamalis, C Zhai, P AF Josset, D. Doppler, L. Waquet, F. Seze, G. Pelon, J. Hu, Y. Fischer, J. Ravetta, F. Tsamalis, C. Zhai, P. BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI Aerosol Radiative Forcing over Liquid Water Clouds Based on A-Train Synergies and Active/passive Polarized Observations SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Polarization; Lidar; Aerosols; Clouds ID ABSORPTION AB We used the A-Train observations as inputs of the Matrix Operator MOdel to study the effect of aerosol forcing above bright liquid water clouds in the Gulf of Guinea and to determine the vertical profile of heating rates within the aerosol layer. Special emphases are put on recently developed polarization based methodologies. METEOSAT geostationary observations are used to estimate the diurnal variation of the cloud cover. C1 [Josset, D.; Zhai, P.] SSAI NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Josset, D (reprint author), SSAI NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 436 EP 439 DI 10.1063/1.4804800 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100106 ER PT S AU Zhang, TP Stackhouse, PW Gupta, SK Cox, SJ Mikovitz, JC AF Zhang, Taiping Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Gupta, Shashi K. Cox, Stephen J. Mikovitz, J. Colleen BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI The NASA GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Project: Dataset Validation and Climatic Signal Identification SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Atmospheric radiation; Satellite; BSRN; GEWEX SRB; Validation; Trend AB The NASA GEWEX-SRB (Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment - Surface Radiation Budget) project has produced and archived shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and the Earth's surface at a 1 degrees x 1 degrees resolution continuously for a time span of 24.5 years from July 1983 to December 2007. The latest version of the data in archive is Release 3.0 and is available as 3-hourly, daily and monthly means. Through August, 2011, the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) archive has 5969 site-months of ground-measured data from 52 sites around the globe. We first performed quality-check on the original BSRN data and, then processed the data to produce 3-hourly, 3-hourly-monthly, daily and monthly means. The SRB-BSRN comparisons show generally good agreement for both the shortwave and longwave downward fluxes at the Earth's surface. It is found that signals of large-scale climatic variation, such as El Nino Southern Oscillation, can be identified through EOF analysis. Polynomial fitting of order 3 for Southern and Northern Hemispheric and global mean downward shortwave fluxes from 1984 to 2007 shows variability consistent with global dimming through 1980s and brightening thereafter. C1 [Zhang, Taiping; Gupta, Shashi K.; Cox, Stephen J.; Mikovitz, J. Colleen] NASA, SSAI, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zhang, TP (reprint author), NASA, SSAI, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 927,21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 636 EP 639 DI 10.1063/1.4804850 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100156 ER PT S AU Wiscombe, W Chiu, C AF Wiscombe, Warren Chiu, Christine BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI The Next Step in Earth Radiation Budget Measurements SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Radiation budget; TOA radiation budget; Earth Radiation Budget; ERB; Constellation; Diurnal cycle AB Space-based Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) measurements are ready to take their next major evolutionary step beyond the ERBE three-satellite constellation of the 1980s. This step would complete the ERBE vision by using not just three but dozens of satellites, and it would complete the GERB vision by providing global diurnal cycle. Such a large constellation would measure true diurnal cycle, without long chains of assumptions and extrapolations, allowing ERB to take its place alongside the other synoptic variables that are assimilated in weather and climate models, and bringing ERB back to a forefront research area. This constellation approach would make it possible to study ERB for rapidly evolving large-scale phenomena. It would also allow, for the first time, the measurement of the true Earth Radiation Imbalance, a crucial quantity, much in the news of late, for testing climate models and for predicting the future course of global warming. Among many side benefits, the greatest would be that all interested nations could participate. Such nations would merely need to meet the instrument functional requirements and find rides to space, and the system could thus grow with time, allowing continuously improved sampling, rapid deployment of new technologies with minimal damage to data continuity, and economies of scale. This is really the perfect ERB system for a budget-constrained decade. C1 [Wiscombe, Warren] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Climate & Radiat, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wiscombe, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Climate & Radiat, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 648 EP 651 DI 10.1063/1.4804853 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100159 ER PT S AU Zhang, YC Rossow, WB AF Zhang, Yuanchong Rossow, William B. BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI Seasonal and Regional Diurnal Variations of Cloud Effects on Atmospheric Profiles of Radiative Heating/Cooling from ISCCP-FD Product SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Radiative flux profile; Cloud effects; Radiative heating and cooling rate; ISCCP-FD AB To explore the cloud effects (CE) on the radiative heating/cooling rate (HC) profiles in the atmosphere from ISCCP-FD, we use its 2009 3-hrly radiative profile flux subset ('PRF') to produce the seasonally-regionally averaged HCCE at eight local solar hours for the seven latitudinal zones, from Tropics to Polar regions. Clouds introduce an additional SW absorber to clear sky and essentially move more solar absorption upward that generates positive (negative) HCCE for the upper (lower) atmosphere with distinctive sign-changing levels, mostly at similar to 440 and similar to 680 hPa over most of time and with a strong diurnal variation. Clouds also move LW emission upward that causes less (more) emission in lower (upper) atmosphere and makes HCCE appear as a heating (cooling) as opposed to the SW HCCE with a reversed diurnal variation. Large LW heating mostly appears around midnight in the lower atmospheric layers with also distinctive heating/cooling sign-changing levels similar to SW but in an opposite sense. The total HCCE over the tropics acts to enhance the Hadley circulation while the seasonal variations are generally larger at higher latitude over land areas. Therefore, HCCE modulates the distribution of the atmospheric heating and cooling rates. The details of the radiative energy and forcing both vertically and diurnally need more systematic studies. C1 [Zhang, Yuanchong] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, 2880 Broadway,RM 320-B, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.1063/1.4804856 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100162 ER PT S AU Aumann, HH Ruzmaikin, A AF Aumann, H. H. Ruzmaikin, A. BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI Trends in Severe Storms from Nine Years of AIRS Data SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Precipitation; Storms; Trend; Decadal variability; AIRS; EOS-Aqua ID DEEP CONVECTION; MISSION AB Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) and clusters of DCC constitute classes of extreme precipitation events related to storms. DCC in the tropical zone are identified with the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) as spectra where the cloud top temperatures are less than 225K and the water lines are inverted. Between 2002 -2012 the frequency of DCC has increased by 2% /year for the tropical lands, but has decreased by 1% /year for the tropical oceans, such that the tropical land/ocean combined trend in the frequency of DCC has changed by less than 0.2%/year. A similar pattern of land/ocean opposite trends is seen for the size and the frequency of DCC clusters. With the assumption that the count of DCC clusters and the mean size of DCC clusters are proxies for the severity of storms, severe storms have weakened for the oceans, but strengthened for land. Since a large fraction of the annual regional precipitation is associated with severe storms, the observed globally zero, but land/ocean opposite trends in DCC frequency may be interpreted as a shift in precipitation from ocean to land. The correlation of DCC and DCC cluster frequency with the Nino34 index for ocean and the anti-correlation for land suggests that the observed changes are part of a decadal variability. C1 [Aumann, H. H.; Ruzmaikin, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Hamrin, Goran/C-3526-2014 OI Hamrin, Goran/0000-0003-4256-2960 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 752 EP 755 DI 10.1063/1.4804879 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100184 ER PT S AU Wen, GY Cahalan, RF Rind, D Jonas, J Pilewskie, P Harder, J AF Wen, Guoyong Cahalan, Robert F. Rind, David Jonas, Jeffery Pilewskie, Peter Harder, Jerald BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI Spectral Solar UV Radiation and Its Variability and Climate Responses SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE Sun; Climate; SORCE AB UV radiation is an important component in the spectral solar irradiance for Earth's climate system. UV radiation interacts with the atmosphere to form ozone layer that prevents the harmful radiation penetrating to the surface. The absorption of UV radiation depends on the wavelength. While UV-C is completely absorbed in the upper atmosphere, only a small fraction of UV-B penetrates to the surface, UV-A suffers almost no atmospheric absorption. Observations from Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) onboard the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite show a rather large change in the UV radiation during the descending phase of solar cycle 23 as anticipated by the reconstructed spectral solar irradiance (SSI). Here we examine implications of SIM observations on Sun climate research. To understand the climate impact of variations in UV radiation requires a 3D global climate model. We use Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Global/Middle Atmosphere Model (GCMAM) to examine the climate response to two type of spectral solar forcing. One is reconstructed spectral solar irradiance (SSI), the other is derived from SIM observations. The current version of GISS GCMAM couples atmosphere with ocean, and has a model top near the mesopause, allowing us to examine the full response to the two solar forcing scenarios. We show that Earth's atmosphere has different responses to different spectral solar forcing on decadal time and centennial time scales. C1 [Wen, Guoyong; Cahalan, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wen, GY (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 788 EP 791 DI 10.1063/1.4804888 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100193 ER PT S AU Roth, DJ Rauser, RW Bowman, RR Bonacuse, PJ Martin, RE Locci, IE Kelley, M AF Roth, D. J. Rauser, R. W. Bowman, R. R. Bonacuse, P. J. Martin, R. E. Locci, I. E. Kelley, M. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI HIGH RESOLUTION X-RAY MICRO-CT OF ULTRA-THIN WALL SPACE COMPONENTS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE); Computed Tomography; Imaging; X-ray Metallic Components; Thin Wall Inspection AB A high resolution micro-CT system has been assembled and is being used to provide optimal characterization for ultra-thin wall space components. The Glenn Research Center NDE Sciences Team, using this CT system, has assumed the role of inspection vendor for the Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) project at NASA. This article will discuss many aspects of the development of the CT scanning for this type of component, including CT system overview; inspection requirements; process development, software utilized and developed to visualize, process, and analyze results; calibration sample development; results on actual samples; correlation with optical/SEM characterization; CT modeling; and development of automatic flaw recognition software. C1 [Roth, D. J.; Bowman, R. R.; Bonacuse, P. J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Rauser, R. W.; Locci, I. E.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Martin, R. E.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Kelley, M.] NEURAL ID, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA. RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Donald.J.Roth@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1063/1.14789101 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600075 ER PT S AU Leckey, CAC Rogge, MD Parker, FR AF Leckey, C. A. C. Rogge, M. D. Parker, F. R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI MICROCRACKING IN COMPOSITE LAMINATES: SIMULATION OF CRACK-INDUCED ULTRASOUND ATTENUATION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Finite Integration Technique; EFIT; Ultrasound Simulation; Composite; Anisotropic ID FINITE INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE AB Microcracking in composite laminates is a known precursor to the growth of inter-ply delaminations and larger scale damage. Microcracking can lead to the attenuation of ultrasonic waves due to the crack-induced scattering. 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) has been implemented to explore the scattering of ultrasonic waves due to microcracks in anisotropic composite laminates. X-ray microfocus computed tomography data was directly input into the EFIT simulation for these purposes. The validated anisotropic 3D EFIT code is shown to be a useful tool for exploring the complex multiple-scattering which arises from extensive microcracking. C1 [Leckey, C. A. C.; Rogge, M. D.; Parker, F. R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Leckey, CAC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov; matthew.rogge@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.1063/1.4789146 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600120 ER PT S AU Rogge, MD Leckey, CAC AF Rogge, M. D. Leckey, C. A. C. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI LOCAL GUIDED WAVEFIELD ANALYSIS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF DELAMINATIONS IN COMPOSITES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Ultrasonic Wavefield Imaging; Windowed Fourier Transforms; Guided Waves; Structural Health Monitoring; Nondestructive Evaluation ID PROPAGATION AB Delaminations in composite laminates resulting from impact events may be accompanied by minimal indication of damage at the surface. As such, inspection techniques are required to ensure defects are within allowable limits. Conventional ultrasonic scanning techniques have been shown to effectively characterize the size and depth of delaminations but require physical contact with the structure. Alternatively, a noncontact scanning laser vibrometer may be used to measure guided wave propagation in the laminate structure. A local Fourier domain analysis method is presented for processing guided wavefield data to estimate spatially-dependent wavenumber values, which can be used to determine delamination depth. The technique is applied to simulated wavefields and results are analyzed to determine limitations of the technique with regards to determining defect size and depth. Finally, experimental wavefield data obtained in quasi-isotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with impact damage is analyzed and wavenumber is measured to an accuracy of 8.5% in the region of shallow delaminations. C1 [Rogge, M. D.; Leckey, C. A. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rogge, MD (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM matthew.rogge@nasa.gov; cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1063/1.4789148 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600122 ER PT S AU Johnston, PH Appleget, CD Odarczenko, MT AF Johnston, Patrick H. Appleget, Chelsea D. Odarczenko, Michael T. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF DELAMINATIONS AND TRANSVERSE MATRIX CRACKS IN COMPOSITE LAMINATES USING MULTIPLE-ANGLE ULTRASONIC INSPECTION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Ultrasonic; Polar Backscatter; Composites; Delamination; Crack; Array ID ACOUSTIC-BACKSCATTERING AB Delaminations and transverse matrix cracks often appear concurrently in composite laminates. Normal-incidence ultrasound is excellent at detecting delaminations, but is not optimum for matrix cracks. Non-normal incidence, or polar backscattering, has been shown to optimally detect matrix cracks oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic plane of incidence. In this work, a series of six composite laminates containing slots were loaded in tension to achieve various levels of delamination and ply cracking. Ultrasonic backscattering was measured over a range of incident polar and azimuthal angles, in order to characterize the relative degree of damage of the two types. Swept-polar-angle measurements were taken with a curved phased array, as a step toward an array-based approach to simultaneous measurement of combined flaws. C1 [Johnston, Patrick H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Appleget, Chelsea D.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Odarczenko, Michael T.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Appleget, Chelsea D.; Odarczenko, Michael T.] LARSS Program, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Johnston, PH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM patrick.h.johnston@nasa.gov FU Vehicle Systems Safety Technologies (VSST) Project; Subsonic Rotary Wing (SRW) Project.; Langley Aerospace Research Student Scholars Program by the Alabama Space Grant Consortium; Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project FX This work was supported by the Vehicle Systems Safety Technologies (VSST) Project and the Subsonic Rotary Wing (SRW) Project. The student authors were supported through the Langley Aerospace Research Student Scholars Program by the Alabama Space Grant Consortium and by the Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1011 EP 1018 DI 10.1063/1.4789154 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600128 ER PT S AU Wincheski, B Simpson, J Wallace, T Newman, A Leser, P Lahue, R AF Wincheski, Buzz Simpson, John Wallace, Terryl Newman, Andy Leser, Paul Lahue, Rob BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF METALLIC SENSORY ALLOY SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy; Eddy Current; Strain Sensing AB Ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy (FSMA) particles undergo changes in both electromagnetic properties and crystallographic structure when strained. When embedded in a structural material, these attributes can provide sensory output of the strain state of the structure. In this work, a detailed characterization of the electromagnetic properties of a FSMA under development for sensory applications is performed. In addition, a new eddy current probe is used to interrogate the electromagnetic properties of individual FSMA particles embedded in the sensory alloy during controlled fatigue tests on the multifunctional material. C1 [Wincheski, Buzz; Wallace, Terryl] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Simpson, John] Northrop Grumman, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Leser, Paul] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lahue, Rob] Elon Univ, Elon, NC 27244 USA. RP Wincheski, B (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1063/1.4789226 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600200 ER PT S AU Wu, MC AF Wu, Meng-Chou BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI PRESSURE EFFECTS ON THE TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Fiber Bragg Gratings; Temperature Sensing; Cryogenic Temperatures; Pressure Effects ID SENSORS AB A 3-dimensional physical model was developed to relate the wavelength shifts resulting from temperature changes of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to the thermal expansion coefficients, Young's moduli of optical fibers, and thicknesses of coating polymers. Using this model the Bragg wavelength shifts were calculated and compared with the measured wavelength shifts of FBGs with various coating thickness for a finite temperature range. There was a discrepancy between the calculated and measured wavelength shifts. This was attributed to the refractive index change of the fiber core by the thermally induced radial pressure. To further investigate the pressure effects, a small diametric load was applied to a FBG and Bragg wavelength shifts were measured over a temperature range of 4.2 to 300K. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wu, MC (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM meng-chou.wu-1@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1570 EP 1577 DI 10.1063/1.4789229 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600203 ER PT S AU Saldanha, N Malocha, DC Youngquist, RC AF Saldanha, N. Malocha, D. C. Youngquist, R. C. GP IEEE TI Coherence Multiplexed Passive Wireless SAW RFID Tag System SO 2013 IEEE TOPICAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS (WISNET) SE IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNet) CY JAN 20-23, 2013 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS) DE SAW RFID system; coherence multiplexing; SAW multiplexing; passive wireless RFID ID SENSORS AB This paper discusses a novel coherence multiplexed system for passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) RF-identification (RFID) tags. The method is adapted from optical coherence-domain reflectometry (OCDR) which is widely used today in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for medical applications. The paper discusses the coherence multiplexing technique as applied to SAW RFID. A broadband white Gaussian noise source is used as the interrogation signal and one of the major advantages is the large signal dynamic range obtained. A prototype transceiver system was built at 915MHz and used for wireless interrogation of SAW tags. The signal processing technique is discussed and the results of wireless multiplexing of four RFID SAW tags are shown. C1 [Saldanha, N.; Malocha, D. C.] Univ Cent Florida, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Youngquist, R. C.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Saldanha, N.] US Army, Commun Elect Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Saldanha, N (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7900 BN 978-1-4673-3105-0; 978-1-4673-3104-3 J9 IEEE TOPIC CONF WIRE PY 2013 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFP46 UT WOS:000320869800002 ER PT S AU Wolfe, DE Schmitt, MP Zhu, DM Rai, AK Bhattacharya, R AF Wolfe, Douglas E. Schmitt, Michael P. Zhu, Dongming Rai, Amarendra K. Bhattacharya, Rabi BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Zhou, Y Hwang, T Halbig, M Mathur, S TI MULTILAYERED THERMAL BARRIER COATING ARCHITECTURES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2012 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID TRANSFORMATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB Pyrochlore oxides of the rare earth zirconates are excellent candidates for use as thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials in highly efficient turbine engine operation at elevated temperatures (>1300 degrees C). Pyrochlore oxides have most of the relevant attributes for use at elevated temperatures such as phase stability, low sintering kinetics and low thermal conductivity. One of the issues with the pyrochlore oxides is their lower toughness compared to the currently used TBC material viz. yttria (6 - 8 wt. %) stabilized zirconia (YSZ). In this work, arguments are advanced in favor of a multilayered coating approach to enhance erosion performance by improving toughness and lowering thermal conductivity of the TBCs. Unique multilayered coating design architectures were fabricated with alternating layers of pyrochlore oxide viz Gd2Zr2O7 and low k TBC (rare earth oxide doped t' YSZ) utilizing electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technique to reduce overall rare earth oxide content. Microstructure, phase, erosion resistance and thermal conductivity of the as-fabricated multilayered coatings were evaluated and compared with that of the single layered coatings. C1 [Wolfe, Douglas E.; Schmitt, Michael P.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhu, Dongming] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Rai, Amarendra K.; Bhattacharya, Rabi] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Wolfe, DE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU Department of Energy (DOE) STTR [DE-SC0004356] FX This research was sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) STTR under award number DE-SC0004356. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US DOE. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-21747-4; 978-1-118-20589-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2013 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFK97 UT WOS:000320335000002 ER PT S AU Ahlborg, N Zhu, DM AF Ahlborg, Nadia Zhu, Dongming BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Zhou, Y Hwang, T Halbig, M Mathur, S TI SILICON CARBIDE NANOTUBE OXIDATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURES SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2012 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) AB Silicon Carbide Nanotubes (SiCNTs) have high mechanical strength and also possess many desirable functional properties in high temperature and extreme environments, thus becoming one of the most promising materials for multifunctional composite applications. In this study, SiCNTs were investigated for use in strengthening high temperature silicate and oxide materials for high performance ceramic nanocomposites and environmental barrier coating bond coats. The high temperature oxidation behavior of the nanotubes was of particular interest. The SiCNTs were synthesized by a direct reactive conversion process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and silicon at high temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the oxidation kinetics of SiCNTs at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1300 degrees C. The specific oxidation mechanisms were also investigated. The stability of silicon-SiCNT bond coats with an Yb2Si2O7 silicate top coat was also examined. C1 [Ahlborg, Nadia] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhu, Dongming] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Durabil & Protect Coatings Branch, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Ahlborg, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-21747-4; 978-1-118-20589-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2013 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFK97 UT WOS:000320335000009 ER PT S AU Sepka, S Gasch, M Beck, RA White, S AF Sepka, Steven Gasch, Matthew Beck, Robin A. White, Susan BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Zhou, Y Hwang, T Halbig, M Mathur, S TI TESTING OF CANDIDATE RIGID HEAT SHIELD MATERIALS AT LHMEL FOR THE ENTRY, DESCENT, AND LANDING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2012 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) AB The material testing results described in this paper were part of a material development program of vendor-supplied, proposed heat shield materials. The goal of this program was to develop low density, rigid material systems with an appreciable weight savings over phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator (PICA) while improving material response performance. New technologies, such as PICA-like materials in honeycomb or materials with variable density through-the-thickness were tested. The material testing took place at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Laser Hardened Materials Laboratory (LHMEL) using a 10.6 micron CO2 laser operating with the test articles immersed in a nitrogen-gas environment at 1 atmosphere pressure. Test measurements included thermocouple readings of in-depth temperatures, pyrometer readings of surface temperatures, weight scale readings of mass loss, and sectioned-sample readings of char depth. Two laser exposures were applied. The first exposure was at an irradiance of 450 W/cm(2) for 50 or 60 seconds to simulate an aerocapture maneuver. The second laser exposure was at an irradiance of 115 W/cm(2) for 100 seconds to simulate a planetary entry. Results from Rounds 1 and 2 of these screening tests are summarized. C1 [Sepka, Steven] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat Branch TSM, MS N234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gasch, Matthew; Beck, Robin A.; White, Susan] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sepka, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat Branch TSM, MS N234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Johnson Space Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Thermal Protection Materials Branch; Aerothermodynamics Branch of NASA Ames Research Center through NASA [NNA10DE12C]; ERC Corporation FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Exploration Technology Development and Demonstration (ETDD) Program, managed at NASA Glenn Research Center. The work documented in this paper was performed as part of ETDD Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Technology Development Project, which is managed at NASA Langley Research Center and supported by NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Johnson Space Center, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.; The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Thermal Protection Materials Branch and the Aerothermodynamics Branch of NASA Ames Research Center through NASA Contract No. NNA10DE12C with ERC Corporation. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-21747-4; 978-1-118-20589-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2013 BP 129 EP 155 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFK97 UT WOS:000320335000012 ER PT J AU Sears, DWG Ninagawa, K Singhvi, AK AF Sears, Derek W. G. Ninagawa, Kiyotaka Singhvi, Ashok K. TI Luminescence studies of extraterrestrial materials: Insights into their recent radiation and thermal histories and into their metamorphic history SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Thermoluminescence; Meteorites; Orbits; Terrestrial age; Metamorphism ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; TYPE-3 ORDINARY CHONDRITES; GAS-RICH METEORITES; EQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; CM CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; LL3.0 ORDINARY CHONDRITE; MANYCH L-3 CHONDRITE; NATURAL THERMOLUMINESCENCE; ENSTATITE CHONDRITES; ANTARCTIC METEORITES AB Early work on meteorite thermoluminescence (TL), influenced by pottery dating and dosimetry applications, demonstrated a relationship between natural thermoluminescence and (1) the orbital perihelion and (2) the terrestrial age (time since fall) of a meteorite. For 14 years natural TL measurements were routinely made on newly recovered Antarctic meteorites to help identify unusual thermal and radiation histories, and to sort them by terrestrial age and perihelion. Two examples of the value of such data are presented, an Antarctic meteorite that underwent a major orbit change prior to fall, and the collection mechanics of meteorites at the Lewis Cliff ice field. A second major area of focus for meteorite TL that has no non-meteorite heritage, is the use of their induced TL to provide an extraordinarily sensitive and quantitative means of exploring metamorphic intensity and palaeothermometry. While especially valuable for unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, these types of measurement have proved useful with virtually every major class of meteorite, asteroidal and planetary. The challenge now is to extend the technique to small particles, micrometeorites, interplanetary dust particles, and cometary particles. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Sears, Derek W. G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Ninagawa, Kiyotaka] Okayama Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Okayama 700, Japan. [Singhvi, Ashok K.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. RP Sears, DWG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, MS245-3, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM Derek.Sears@nasa.gov FU NASA; NSF; State of Arkansas FX We thank Associate Editor Klaus Keil for soliciting this Invited Review, for advice, encouragement, and for guiding us through the process, and Mike Weisberg and Steve Sutton for extremely helpful reviews. DS is grateful to all the students and colleagues who have worked with him on this topic over the last 40 years and who are responsible for the understandings that we have developed. He is also grateful to the many colleagues who took an interest in our work and offered the best kind of encouragement; they found our work useful. He is also grateful to the Research Corporation, NASA, NSF, and the State of Arkansas who supported the research. Finally, he is grateful to Hazel Sears who has shared this interest with him for 40 years and reviewed the present article. AS is grateful to Professor N. Bhandarin, Dr D. Sengupta, and Dr. Rabiul Biswas for their contributions and ideas. KN appreciates the support of the Visiting Researcher's Program of the Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, for 60Co gamma-ray irradiations of his samples and Professor Kojima and Dr. Imae, of the National Institute of Polar Research, for helpful suggestions concerning the classification of Japanese samples. NR 243 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0009-2819 J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM JI Chem Erde-Geochem. PY 2013 VL 73 IS 1 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.chemer.2012.12.001 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 173MK UT WOS:000321083400001 ER PT B AU Tang, A Chang, MCF AF Tang, Adrian Chang, Mau-Chung Frank GP IEEE TI A 294 GHz 0.47mW Caterpillar Amplifier Based Transmitter in 65nm CMOS For THz Data-Links SO 2013 IEEE 13TH TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS (SIRF) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 13th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF) CY JAN 21-23, 2013 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, MTT S, APS, IEEE Commun Soc, EMB DE power amplifiers; THz communication; caterpillar amplifier AB A fully integrated CMOS THz transmitter for short range data-links is presented which provides 0.47mW of output power at 294 GHz. The output frequency is derived from a 147 GHz on-chip LO and fully differential caterpillar power amplifier combined with a transformer coupled frequency doubler. The transmitter is integrated with an on-chip dipole antenna for use in THz communication systems and consumes a total of 258 mW. C1 [Tang, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1553-1; 978-1-4673-1552-4 PY 2013 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFO21 UT WOS:000320727000010 ER PT S AU Ghaffarian, R AF Ghaffarian, Reza GP IEEE TI Reliability of High I/O FCBGA Corner Stake Materials SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PACKAGING MATERIALS (APM) SE International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials-Processes, Properties, and Interfaces LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials (APM) CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2013 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE AB Commercial-off-the-shelf area array package (COTS AAP) technologies in high-reliability versions are now being considered for use in a number of electronic systems. Although to improve mechanical resistance of fragile flip-chip die within package, these advanced electronic packages commonly use underfill for the die attachment; full or partial corner underfilling may also be required at the printed circuit board (PCB) level to improve assembly reliability, particularly under mechanical and fatigue loading. This paper first presents a comprehensive summary of literature surveyed on the application of underfill materials, thermal cycle reliability of underfill for flip-chip die with conventional balls, and compare to the recent advanced versions with fine copper-pillar interconnects. Then, it presents reliability due to underfilling at the board level, discussing key parameters that influence thermal cycle and mechanical reliability of AAPs with underfill, edge-bond, and corner stake. Finally, it presents thermal cycle test data with optical and microsectional photomicrographs of a high I/O flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA) assembled onto PCB and then added corner staking or additional center staking to improve mechanical resistance to vibration and drop testing. Drop test results and failure mechanisms for a 1704 I/O FCBGA package assembly with and without corner/center staking also presented. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ghaffarian, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Reza.Ghaffarian@JPL.NASA.Gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5723 BN 978-1-4673-6091-3 J9 INT SYM ADV PKG MAT PY 2013 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFN19 UT WOS:000320594100025 ER PT S AU Lupinacci, A Shapiro, AA Suh, JO Minor, AM AF Lupinacci, A. Shapiro, A. A. Suh, J. O. Minor, A. M. GP IEEE TI A study of solder alloy ductility for cryogenic applications SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PACKAGING MATERIALS (APM) SE International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials-Processes, Properties, and Interfaces LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials (APM) CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2013 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE ID TIN; CRYSTALS AB For aerospace applications it is important to understand the mechanical performance of components at the extreme temperature conditions seen in service. For solder alloys used in microelectronics, cryogenic temperatures can prove problematic. At low temperatures Sn-based solders undergo a ductile to brittle transition that leads to brittle cracks, which can result in catastrophic failure of electronic components, assemblies and spacecraft payloads. As industrial processes begin to move away from Pb-Sn solder, it is even more critical to characterize the behavior of alternative Sn-based solders. Here we report on initial investigations using a modified Charpy test apparatus to characterize the ductile to brittle transformation temperature of nine different solder systems. C1 [Shapiro, A. A.; Suh, J. O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lupinacci, A.; Minor, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lupinacci, A.; Minor, A. M.] Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shapiro, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrew.A.Shapiro@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5723 BN 978-1-4673-6091-3; 978-1-4673-6093-7 J9 INT SYM ADV PKG MAT PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFN19 UT WOS:000320594100010 ER PT J AU Choi, JK Mitin, V Ramaswamy, R Pogrebnyak, VA Pakmehr, MP Muravjov, A Shur, MS Gill, J Mehdi, I Karasik, BS Sergeev, AV AF Choi, Jae Kyu Mitin, Vladimir Ramaswamy, Rahul Pogrebnyak, Victor A. Pakmehr, Mehdi P. Muravjov, Andrey Shur, Michael S. Gill, John Mehdi, Imran Karasik, Boris S. Sergeev, Andrei V. TI THz Hot-Electron Micro-Bolometer Based on Low-Mobility 2-DEG in GaN Heterostructure SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN heterostructure; THz hot electron bolometer; 2-D electron gas (2-DEG) ID TEMPERATURE TERAHERTZ DETECTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAAS SCHOTTKY DIODES; TECHNOLOGY; MIXER; RECEIVERS; RADIATION; ANTENNAS; NOISE AB We present the results on design, fabrication, and characterization of a hot-electron bolometer based on low-mobility 2-D electron gas (2-DEG) in an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. The characterization of our hot-electron bolometers demonstrates that the following can be achieved simultaneously: 1) strong coupling to incident THz radiation due to strong Drude absorption; 2) significant THz heating of 2-DEG due to the small value of the electron heat capacity; and 3) high responsivity due to the strong temperature dependence of 2-DEG resistance. Low contact resistance achieved in our devices ensures that THz radiation couples primarily to the 2-DEG. Due to a small electron momentum relaxation time, the real part of the 2-DEG sensor impedance is similar to 50-100 Omega, which provides good impedance matching between sensors and antennas. The room temperature responsivity of our devices reaches similar to 0.04 A/W at 2.55 THz along with a noise equivalent power of similar to 5 nW/Hz(1/2). C1 [Choi, Jae Kyu; Mitin, Vladimir; Ramaswamy, Rahul; Pogrebnyak, Victor A.; Sergeev, Andrei V.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Pakmehr, Mehdi P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Muravjov, Andrey; Shur, Michael S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Gill, John; Mehdi, Imran; Karasik, Boris S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pogrebnyak, VA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM jkchoi2@buffalo.edu; vmitin@buffalo.edu; stn.rahul@gmail.com; vp23@buffalo.edu; mpakmehr@buffalo.edu; amuravie@gmail.com; shurm@rpi.edu; john.j.gill@jpl.nasa.gov; Imran.Mehdi@jpl.nasa.gov; boris.s.karasik@jpl.nasa.gov; asergeev@buffalo.edu FU National Science Foundation's DMR program [0907126]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) SBIR [NNX12CE53P]; NASA FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's DMR program under Grant 0907126 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) SBIR under Grant NNX12CE53P (2011). This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Francis P. Hindle. (Corresponding author: V. A. Pogrebnyak.) NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2224334 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 166ZE UT WOS:000320599000003 ER PT J AU Zaman, KBMQ Clem, MM Fagan, AF AF Zaman, K. B. M. Q. Clem, M. M. Fagan, A. F. TI Noise from a jet discharged into a duct and its suppression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE AB This study addresses unwanted high intensity noise sometimes encountered in engine test facilities. Model-scale experiments are conducted for a round jet discharged into a cylindrical duct. In most cases, the unwanted noise is found to be due to longitudinal resonance modes of the duct excited by the random turbulence of the jet. When the 'preferred mode' frequency of the jet matches a duct resonant frequency there can be a locked-in 'super-resonance' accompanied by a high intensity tone or 'howl'. Various techniques are explored for suppression of the unwanted noise. Tabs placed on the ends of the duct are found ineffective; so are longitudinal fins placed inside the duct. A rod inserted perpendicular to the flow ('howl stick') is also found generally ineffective; however, it is effective when there is a super-resonance. By far the most effective suppression is achieved by a wire-mesh screen placed at the end of the duct. The screen not only eliminates the super-resonance but also the duct mode spectral peaks. Apparently the screen works by dampening the velocity fluctuations at the pressure node and thereby weakening the resonant condition. C1 [Zaman, K. B. M. Q.] NASA, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Aeroprop Div, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Clem, M. M.; Fagan, A. F.] NASA, Opt Instrumentat Branch, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zaman, KBMQ (reprint author), NASA, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Aeroprop Div, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM khairul.b.zaman@nasa.gov FU NASA FX Thanks are due to Dennis L. Huff for helpful comments and suggestions throughout this study. Support from the High Speed and Fixed Wing Projects under NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2013 VL 12 IS 3 BP 189 EP 214 PG 26 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 173KB UT WOS:000321077300001 ER PT S AU Huang, H Ren, YX Yan, Y Yue, Y Ahmed, N Bozovich, A Dolinar, SJ Willner, AE AF Huang, Hao Ren, Yongxiong Yan, Yan Yue, Yang Ahmed, Nisar Bozovich, Amanda Dolinar, Samuel J. Willner, Alan E. BE Li, G TI Performance analysis of spectrally efficient free-space data link using spatially multiplexed orbital angular momentum beams SO NEXT-GENERATION OPTICAL COMMUNICATION: COMPONENTS, SUB-SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Optical Communication - Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems II CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Orbital angular momentum; spectral efficiency; multiplexing; space-division-multiplexing; crosstalk; quadrature-amplitude-modulation; spatial light modulator; coherent detection ID TRANSMISSION; LIGHT AB In this paper, we present the measurement results of a spectrally efficient 2.56Tb/s free-space data link using orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams. This link includes 32 independent 20 Gbaud/s 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation data streams, each encoded on a different OAM beam, which are mode-, polarization- and space-division multiplexed as one collocated beam. We measured the bit-error rate (BER) curves of all 32 channels, all of which can achieve a BER of <2x10(-3). The performance degradation due to the spatial multiplexing using concentric ring scheme is analyzed. Additionally, the effect of the pre-filtering is investigated, and negligible penalty is observed. C1 [Huang, Hao; Ren, Yongxiong; Yan, Yan; Yue, Yang; Ahmed, Nisar; Bozovich, Amanda; Willner, Alan E.] Univ Southern Calif, Dep Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dolinar, Samuel J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dep Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haoh@usc.edu FU DARPA FX We acknowledge the support of DARPA under InPho (Information in a Photon) program NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9416-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8647 AR UNSP 864706 DI 10.1117/12.2004886 PG 6 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BFM49 UT WOS:000320532200003 ER PT S AU Assad, C Wolf, M Stoica, A Theodoridis, T Glette, K AF Assad, Christopher Wolf, Michael Stoica, Adrian Theodoridis, Theodoros Glette, Kyrre BE Kuzuoka, H Evers, V Imai, M Forlizzi, J TI BioSleeve: a Natural EMG-Based Interface for HRI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION (HRI 2013) SE ACMIEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP ACM, IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat (RA), AAAI, Human Factors & Ergonom Soc (HFES), ACM SIGCHI, ACM SIGART DE EMG; gesture recognition; gesture control AB This paper presents the BioSleeve, a new gesture-based human interface for natural robot control. Detailed activity of the user's hand and arm is acquired via surface electromyography sensors and an inertial measurement unit that are embedded in a forearm sleeve. The BioSleeve's accompanying software decodes the sensor signals, classifies gesture type, and maps the result to output commands to an external robot. The current BioSleeve system can reliably decode as many as sixteen discrete hand gestures and estimate the continuous orientation of the forearm. The gestures are used in several modes: for supervisory point-to-goal commands, virtual joystick for teleoperation, and high degree-of-freedom (DOF) mimicked manipulation. We report results from three control applications: a manipulation robot, a small ground vehicle, and a 5-DOF hand. C1 [Assad, Christopher; Wolf, Michael; Stoica, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Assad, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM chris.assad@jpl.nasa.gov RI Glette, Kyrre/A-1210-2008 OI Glette, Kyrre/0000-0003-3550-3225 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2167-2121 BN 978-1-4673-3055-8 J9 ACMIEEE INT CONF HUM PY 2013 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BFN86 UT WOS:000320655500011 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N AF Gopalswamy, Nat BE Zank, GP Borovsky, J Bruno, R Cirtain, J Cranmer, S Elliott, H Giacalone, J Gonzalez, W Li, G Marsch, E Moebius, E Pogorelov, N Spann, J Verkhoglyadova, O TI Observations of CMEs and Models of the Eruptive Corona SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE (SOLAR WIND 13) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Solar Wind Conference (Solar Wind) CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL HI SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Int Conf & Networking Solut (ICNS) DE CMEs; Flare; CME charge state; flare reconnection; high-latitude eruption ID EJECTION-ASSOCIATED SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR; RECONNECTION; FIELD; IMAGES; LASCO; RADIO AB Current theoretical ideas on the internal structure of CMEs suggest that a flux rope is central to the CME structure, which has considerable observational support both from remote-sensing and in-situ observations. The fluxrope nature is also consistent with the post-eruption arcades with high-temperature plasmas and the charge states observed within CMEs arriving at Earth. The model involving magnetic loop expansion to explain CMEs without flux ropes is not viable because it contradicts CME kinematics and flare properties near the Sun. The flux rope is fast, it drives a shock, so the global picture of CMEs becomes complete if one includes the shock sheath to the CSHKP model. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1163-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1539 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1063/1.4810976 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFQ76 UT WOS:000320997100001 ER PT S AU Parashar, TN Velli, M Goldstein, BE AF Parashar, Tulasi N. Velli, Marco Goldstein, Bruce E. BE Zank, GP Borovsky, J Bruno, R Cirtain, J Cranmer, S Elliott, H Giacalone, J Gonzalez, W Li, G Marsch, E Moebius, E Pogorelov, N Spann, J Verkhoglyadova, O TI Expansion Effects on Solar Wind Hybrid Simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE (SOLAR WIND 13) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Solar Wind Conference (Solar Wind) CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL HI SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Int Conf & Networking Solut (ICNS) DE Solar wind; turbulence; kinetic physics; hybrid PIC; simulations ID WAVE-PROPAGATION AB Ion kinetic simulations of the solar wind using hybrid codes can model local wave input, heating and instabilities, but generally do not include long term evolution effects in the expanding solar wind. We further develop the expanding box model used in earlier studies to include the mirror force effects and study their role in the evolution of the proton distribution functions in the outer corona and inner heliosphere. The mirror force, significant in the acceleration region of the solar wind, is required for consistency with the conservation of magnetic moment of particles in the expanding wind. We present preliminary results from the modified 1D expanding box hybrid (EBHM) simulations. C1 [Parashar, Tulasi N.; Velli, Marco; Goldstein, Bruce E.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Parashar, TN (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1163-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1539 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1063/1.4810988 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFQ76 UT WOS:000320997100013 ER PT S AU Hunana, P Goldstein, ML Passot, T Sulem, PL Laveder, D Zank, GP AF Hunana, P. Goldstein, M. L. Passot, T. Sulem, P. L. Laveder, D. Zank, G. P. BE Zank, GP Borovsky, J Bruno, R Cirtain, J Cranmer, S Elliott, H Giacalone, J Gonzalez, W Li, G Marsch, E Moebius, E Pogorelov, N Spann, J Verkhoglyadova, O TI Properties of kinetic Alfven waves : a comparison of fluid models with kinetic theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE (SOLAR WIND 13) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Solar Wind Conference (Solar Wind) CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL HI SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Int Conf & Networking Solut (ICNS) DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); solar wind; turbulence; waves ID SOLAR-WIND; HALL-MHD; TURBULENCE; CASCADE; PLASMAS AB Although the solar wind, as a collisionless plasma, is properly described by the kinetic Maxwell-Vlasov description, it can be argued that much of our understanding of the solar wind is based on a fluid description of magnetohydrodynamics that derives from interpretation of observational data together with numerical modeling. In recent years, there has been significant interest in better understanding the importance of kinetic effects, i.e., the differences between kinetic and fluid descriptions. Here we concentrate on the physical properties of oblique kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs) that appear to be a key ingredient in the solar wind turbulence cascade. We use three different fluid models with various degrees of complexity and calculate the polarization and magnetic compressibility of KAWs (propagation angle theta = 88 degrees), which we compare to solutions derived from linear kinetic theory. We explore a wide range of possible proton plasma beta = [0.1,10.0] and a wide range of length scales k(perpendicular to)r(L) = [0.001,10.0], where r(L) denotes the proton gyroscale. It is shown that the "classical" isotropic two-fluid model is very compressible in comparison with kinetic theory and that the largest discrepancy occurs at scales larger than the proton gyroscale. We also show that the two-fluid model contains a large error in the polarization of electric field, even at scales k(perpendicular to)r(L) << 1. Furthermore, to understand these discrepancies between the two-fluid model and the kinetic theory, we employ two versions of the Landau fluid model that incorporate linear low-frequency kinetic effects such as Landau damping and finite Larmor radius (FLR) corrections into the fluid description. We show that allowing for anisotropic pressure fluctuations and Landau damping is crucial for correct modeling of magnetic compressibility and that FLR corrections (i.e., nongyrotropic contributions) are required to correctly capture the polarization. We also show that, in addition to Landau damping, FLR corrections are necessary to accurately describe the damping rate of KAWs. We conclude that kinetic effects are important even at scales which are significantly larger than the proton gyroscale k(perpendicular to)r(L)<< 1. C1 [Hunana, P.; Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hunana, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 672, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1163-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1539 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1063/1.4811017 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFQ76 UT WOS:000320997100042 ER PT S AU Roberts, DA AF Roberts, D. Aaron BE Zank, GP Borovsky, J Bruno, R Cirtain, J Cranmer, S Elliott, H Giacalone, J Gonzalez, W Li, G Marsch, E Moebius, E Pogorelov, N Spann, J Verkhoglyadova, O TI Solar Wind Fluctuations: Not Your Grandmother's Turbulence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE (SOLAR WIND 13) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Solar Wind Conference (Solar Wind) CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL HI SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Int Conf & Networking Solut (ICNS) DE Solar Wind; Turbulence; Spectral Evolution ID ALFVEN WAVES; EVOLUTION; SPECTRUM AB For a while it seemed like a simple fluid-like, self-similar, Kolomogoroff cascade was the easy explanation for the nature and evolution of the majority of solar wind fluctuations. More recently we have found that the cascade is not driven by stirring at large scales; the velocity and magnetic spectra evolve differently with different "inertial ranges" in both slope (until far from the Sun) and wavenumber range (everywhere); anisotropy in both variances and spectral characteristics are the order of the day and are strongly scale dependent; and it is not clear what fraction of the fluctuations should be considered to be turbulent as opposed to, for example, convected structures. This paper gives a brief history and reviews some recent results in these areas. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Roberts, DA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Code 672, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1163-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1539 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1063/1.4811038 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFQ76 UT WOS:000320997100063 ER PT S AU Wicks, RT Matteini, L Horbury, TS Hellinger, P Roberts, DA AF Wicks, Robert T. Matteini, Lorenzo Horbury, Timothy S. Hellinger, Petr Roberts, D. Aaron BE Zank, GP Borovsky, J Bruno, R Cirtain, J Cranmer, S Elliott, H Giacalone, J Gonzalez, W Li, G Marsch, E Moebius, E Pogorelov, N Spann, J Verkhoglyadova, O TI Temperature anisotropy instabilities; combining plasma and magnetic field data at different distances from the Sun. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE (SOLAR WIND 13) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Solar Wind Conference (Solar Wind) CY JUN 17-22, 2012 CL HI SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Int Conf & Networking Solut (ICNS) DE Solar wind; plasma instabilities AB We present a new data analysis method enabling the observation of magnetic field fluctuations associated with temperature anisotropy instabilities using the Ulysses spacecraft. The movement of the spacecraft away from the Sun causes the observed plasma conditions, turbulent fluctuation amplitude, magnetic field strength and important physical scales to change. We normalize wavelet power spectra of the magnetic field using local values for the proton gyroscale and large scale magnetic field fluctuation amplitude to remove the effects of varying heliocentric distance. We recover the enhancement of magnetic fluctuations where temperature anisotropy instability growth rates are large, as seen by previous studies in the ecliptic at 1 AU. This method can be applied to any spacecraft data that contains large changes in physical scales, magnetic field strength or other plasma parameters, for example the upcoming Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe Plus missions. C1 [Wicks, Robert T.; Roberts, D. Aaron] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wicks, RT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 672, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Wicks, Robert/A-1180-2009; Hellinger, Petr/F-5267-2014 OI Wicks, Robert/0000-0002-0622-5302; Hellinger, Petr/0000-0002-5608-0834 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1163-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1539 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1063/1.4811048 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFQ76 UT WOS:000320997100073 ER PT S AU Chutjian, A MacAskill, JA Madzunkov, SM Simcic, J Schultz, DR AF Chutjian, A. MacAskill, J. A. Madzunkov, S. M. Simcic, J. Schultz, D. R. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL Glass, GA Wang, Y TI Charge Exchange And Atom-Surface Collisions In Astrophysics SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Fort Worth, TX SP Sandia Natl Labs, Univ N Texas, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Voltage Engn Europa B V, Kurt J Lester Co, Natl Electrostat Corp DE charge exchange; X-ray spectra; atom-surface collisions; circumstellar regions; water formation ID X-RAY-EMISSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE AB Molecular effects involving highly charged ions, atoms, and dust grains are present in, for example, the solar wind-comet interaction, circumstellar and protostellar clouds, and the interstellar medium. The relevant astrophysical objects are presented and recent results given for charge exchange and X-ray emission; and atom-surface collisions leading to formation of larger molecules. This latter work is motivated by recent observations from the Herschel Space Telescope, including its detection of water in a wide range of astronomical regions. C1 [Chutjian, A.; MacAskill, J. A.; Madzunkov, S. M.; Simcic, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schultz, D. R.] Univ North Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Chutjian, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA through agreement with Caltech; US DoE [DE-AC05-OR22464] FX The experimental work was carried out at JPL/Caltech, and was supported by NASA through agreement with Caltech. DRS gratefully acknowledges support from the US DoE under Contract No. DE-AC05-OR22464. Copyright 2012 California Institute of Technology. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1148-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1525 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1063/1.4802287 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFI58 UT WOS:000319997900008 ER PT J AU Lee, H Olsen, SC Wuebbles, DJ Youn, D AF Lee, H. Olsen, S. C. Wuebbles, D. J. Youn, D. TI Impacts of aircraft emissions on the air quality near the ground SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC FLIGHT CORRIDOR; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NOX EMISSIONS; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT; LAGRANGIAN MODEL; CHEMISTRY; POLLUTION; QUANTIFICATION AB The continuing increase in demand for commercial aviation transport raises questions about the effects of resulting emissions on the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate, using a global chemistry transport model, to what extent aviation emissions outside the boundary layer influence air quality in the boundary layer. The large-scale effects of current levels of aircraft emissions were studied through comparison of multiple simulations allowing for the separated effects of aviation emissions occurring in the low, middle and upper troposphere. We show that emissions near cruise altitudes (9-11 km in altitude) rather than emissions during landing and take-off are responsible for most of the total odd-nitrogen (NOy), ozone (O-3) and aerosol perturbations near the ground with a noticeable seasonal difference. Overall, the perturbations of these species are smaller than 1 ppb even in winter when the perturbations are greater than in summer. Based on the widely used air quality standards and uncertainty of state-of-the-art models, we conclude that aviation-induced perturbations have a negligible effect on air quality even in areas with heavy air traffic. Aviation emissions lead to a less than 1% aerosol enhancement in the boundary layer due to a slight increase in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) during cold seasons and a statistically insignificant aerosol perturbation in summer. In addition, statistical analysis using probability density functions, Hellinger distance, and p value indicate that aviation emissions outside the boundary layer do not affect the occurrence of extremely high aerosol concentrations in the boundary layer. An additional sensitivity simulation assuming the doubling of surface ammonia emissions demonstrates that the aviation induced aerosol increase near the ground is highly dependent on background ammonia concentrations whose current range of uncertainty is large. C1 [Lee, H.; Olsen, S. C.; Wuebbles, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lee, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Youn, D.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Cheongju, South Korea. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM midatm123@naver.com RI YOUN, DAEOK/D-1905-2009 OI YOUN, DAEOK/0000-0003-0770-9330 FU Federal Aviation Administration, Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI) [10-C-NE-UI] FX This project was supported by the Federal Aviation Administration, Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI) under Contract #: 10-C-NE-UI amendment 001 with The Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction (PARTNER). This work was done as a private venture and not in the author's capacity as an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 11 BP 5505 EP 5522 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5505-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164AD UT WOS:000320380200006 ER PT J AU Baustian, KJ Wise, ME Jensen, EJ Schill, GP Freedman, MA Tolbert, MA AF Baustian, K. J. Wise, M. E. Jensen, E. J. Schill, G. P. Freedman, M. A. Tolbert, M. A. TI State transformations and ice nucleation in amorphous (semi-)solid organic aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GLASS-TRANSITION; PARTICLES; CIRRUS; WATER; EVAPORATION; MECHANISM; HUMIDITY; KINETICS AB Amorphous (semi-)solid organic aerosol particles have the potential to serve as surfaces for heterogeneous ice nucleation in cirrus clouds. Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy have been used in conjunction with a cold stage to examine water uptake and ice nucleation on individual amorphous (semi-) solid particles at atmospherically relevant temperatures (200-273 K). Three organic compounds considered proxies for atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were used in this investigation: sucrose, citric acid and glucose. Internally mixed particles consisting of each organic and ammonium sulfate were also investigated. Results from water uptake experiments followed the shape of a humidity-induced glass transition (T-g(RH)) curve and were used to construct state diagrams for each organic and corresponding mixture. Experimentally derived T-g(RH) curves are in good agreement with theoretical predictions of T-g(RH) following the approach of Koop et al. (2011). A unique humidity-induced glass transition point on each state diagram, T'(g)(RH), was used to quantify and compare results from this study to previous works. Values of T'(g)(RH) determined for sucrose, glucose and citric acid glasses were 236, 230 and 220 K, respectively. Values of T'(g) (RH) for internally mixed organic/sulfate particles were always significantly lower; 210, 207 and 215 K for sucrose/sulfate, glucose/sulfate and citric acid/sulfate, respectively. All investigated SOA proxies were observed to act as heterogeneous ice nuclei at tropospheric temperatures. Heterogeneous ice nucleation on pure organic particles occurred at S-ice = 1.1-1.4 for temperatures below 235 K. Particles consisting of 1: 1 organic-sulfate mixtures took up water over a greater range of conditions but were in some cases also observed to heterogeneously nucleate ice at temperatures below 202 K (S-ice = 1.25-1.38). Polynomial curves were fitted to experimental water uptake data and then incorporated into the Community Aerosol Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) along with the predicted range of humidity-induced glass transition temperatures for atmospheric SOA from Koop et al. (2011). Model results suggest that organic and organic/sulfate aerosol could be glassy more than 60% of the time in the midlatitude upper troposphere and more than 40% of the time in the tropical tropopause region (TTL). At conditions favorable for ice formation (S-ice > 1), particles in the TTL are expected to be glassy more than 50% of the time for temperatures below 200 K. Results from this study suggests that amorphous (semi-)solid organic particles are often present in the upper troposphere and that heterogeneous ice formation on this type of particle may play an important role in cirrus cloud formation. C1 [Baustian, K. J.; Wise, M. E.; Schill, G. P.; Tolbert, M. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baustian, K. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jensen, E. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schill, G. P.; Tolbert, M. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Freedman, M. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Baustian, KJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM k.baustian@leeds.ac.uk RI Schill, Gregory/J-4031-2015 OI Schill, Gregory/0000-0002-4084-0317 FU National Science Foundation [ATM0650023, AGS1048536] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (ATM0650023 and AGS1048536). Also thanks to T. W. Wilson, T. Koop, D. Knopf and D. J. O'Sullivan for useful discussions and advice during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 69 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 11 BP 5615 EP 5628 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5615-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164AD UT WOS:000320380200013 ER PT S AU Klahr, H Raettig, N Lyra, W AF Klahr, Hubert Raettig, Natalie Lyra, Wlad BE Barge, P Jorda, L TI Disk Weather Baroclinic Instability and Vortex Amplification SO INSTABILITIES AND STRUCTURES IN PROTO-PLANETARY DISKS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Instabilities and Structures in Proto-Planetary Disks CY SEP 17-20, 2012 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP AMU, Lab Astrophysique Marseille (LAM) ID PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; VORTICITY PRODUCTION; ACCRETION DISKS AB Recent years have shown that accretion disks around young stars have extended regions, which are too low ionized to couple to magnetic fields and thus the nature of the underlying turbulence cannot be exclusively magnetic. We also found that disks have in general a baroclinic density and temperature structure which means that a typical disk is radially buoyant and has a vertical velocity gradient also known as thermal wind. Here we show that the expected entropy gradients in observed accretion disks around young stars are in fact steep enough and that the thermal relaxation times are sufficiently short to allow for efficient amplification of vortices. C1 [Klahr, Hubert; Raettig, Natalie] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Lyra, Wlad] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Klahr, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM klahr@mpia.de; raettig@mpia.de; Wladimir.Lyra@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-0983-7 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2013 VL 46 AR UNSP 04001 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20134604001 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFH95 UT WOS:000319936900013 ER PT S AU Lyra, W AF Lyra, Wladimir BE Barge, P Jorda, L TI Elliptic and magneto-elliptic instabilities SO INSTABILITIES AND STRUCTURES IN PROTO-PLANETARY DISKS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Instabilities and Structures in Proto-Planetary Disks CY SEP 17-20, 2012 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP AMU, Lab Astrophysique Marseille (LAM) ID ROSSBY-WAVE INSTABILITY; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; LINEAR-ANALYSIS; STABILITY AB Vortices are the fundamental units of turbulent flow. Understanding their stability properties therefore provides fundamental insights on the nature of turbulence itself. In this contribution I briely review the phenomenological aspects of the instability of elliptic streamlines, in the hydro (elliptic instability) and hydromagnetic (magneto-elliptic instability) regimes. Vortex survival in disks is a balance between vortex destruction by these mechanisms, and vortex production by others, namely, the Rossby wave instability and the baroclinic instability. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lyra, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM wlyra@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-0983-7 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2013 VL 46 AR UNSP 04003 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20134604003 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFH95 UT WOS:000319936900015 ER PT J AU Abdul-Aziz, A Woike, M AF Abdul-Aziz, Ali Woike, Mark TI Turbine Rotor Disk Health Monitoring Assessment Based on Sensor Technology and Spin Tests Data SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The paper focuses on presenting data obtained from spin test experiments of a turbine engine like rotor disk and assessing their correlation to the development of a structural health monitoring and fault detection system. The data were obtained under various operating conditions such as the rotor disk being artificially induced with and without a notch and rotated at a rotational speed of up to 10,000 rpm under balanced and imbalanced state. The data collected included blade tip clearance, blade tip timing measurements, and shaft displacements. Two different sensor technologies were employed in the testing: microwave and capacitive sensors, respectively. The experimental tests were conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center's Rotordynamics Laboratory using a high precision spin system. Disk flaw observations and related assessments from the collected data for both sensors are reported and discussed. C1 [Abdul-Aziz, Ali; Woike, Mark] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Abdul-Aziz, A (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM ali.abdul-aziz-1@nasa.gov OI Abdul-Aziz, Ali/0000-0003-4506-940X NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2013 AR 413587 DI 10.1155/2013/413587 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 166NB UT WOS:000320560500001 ER PT J AU Scarnato, BV Vahidinia, S Richard, DT Kirchstetter, TW AF Scarnato, B. V. Vahidinia, S. Richard, D. T. Kirchstetter, T. W. TI Effects of internal mixing and aggregate morphology on optical properties of black carbon using a discrete dipole approximation model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS DUST GRAINS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; SATELLITE RETRIEVAL; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; SOOT AEROSOLS; SNOW GRAINS; PARTICLES AB According to recent studies, internal mixing of black carbon (BC) with other aerosol materials in the atmosphere alters its aggregate shape, absorption of solar radiation, and radiative forcing. These mixing state effects are not yet fully understood. In this study, we characterize the morphology and mixing state of bare BC and BC internally mixed with sodium chloride (NaCl) using electron microscopy and examine the sensitivity of optical properties to BC mixing state and aggregate morphology using a discrete dipole approximation model (DDSCAT). DDSCAT is flexible in simulating the geometry and refractive index of particle aggregates. DDSCAT predicts a higher mass absorption coefficient (MAC), lower single scattering albedo (SSA), and higher absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) for bare BC aggregates that are lacy rather than compact. Predicted values of SSA at 550 nm range between 0.16 and 0.27 for lacy and compact aggregates, respectively, in agreement with reported experimental values of 0.25 +/- 0.05. The variation in absorption with wavelength does not adhere precisely to a power law relationship over the 200 to 1000 nm range. Consequently, AAE values depend on the wavelength region over which they are computed. The MAC of BC (averaged over the 200-1000 nm range) is amplified when internally mixed with NaCl (100-300 nm in radius) by factors ranging from 1.0 for lacy BC aggregates partially immersed in NaCl to 2.2 for compact BC aggregates fully immersed in NaCl. The SSA of BC internally mixed with NaCl is higher than for bare BC and increases with the embedding in the NaCl. Internally mixed BC SSA values decrease in the 200-400 nm wavelength range, a feature also common to the optical properties of dust and organics. Linear polarization features are also predicted in DDSCAT and are dependent on particle size and morphology. This study shows that DDSCAT predicts complex morphology and mixing state dependent aerosol optical properties that have been reported previously and are relevant to radiative transfer, climate modeling, and interpretation of remote sensing measurements. C1 [Scarnato, B. V.; Vahidinia, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Vahidinia, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Richard, D. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kirchstetter, T. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirchstetter, T. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scarnato, BV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM barbara.v.scarnato@nasa.gov FU Radiation Sciences Program in the Earth Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautical and Space Administration [NNH09AK98I] FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Ames Research Center, administrated by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, and by the Radiation Sciences Program in the Earth Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautical and Space Administration via award NNH09AK98I. NR 67 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5089 EP 5101 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5089-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400001 ER PT J AU Messerschmidt, J Parazoo, N Wunch, D Deutscher, NM Roehl, C Warneke, T Wennberg, PO AF Messerschmidt, J. Parazoo, N. Wunch, D. Deutscher, N. M. Roehl, C. Warneke, T. Wennberg, P. O. TI Evaluation of seasonal atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GREENHOUSE GASES; UPDATED EMISSIONS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; FUEL CONSUMPTION; WFM-DOAS; CO2; SURFACE; CALIBRATION AB We evaluate three estimates of the atmosphere-biosphere exchange against total column CO2 observations from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Using the GEOS-Chem transport model, we produce forward simulations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the 2006-2010 time period using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA), the Simple Biosphere (SiB) and the GBiome-BGC models. Large differences in the CO2 simulations result from the choice of the atmosphere-biosphere model. We evaluate the seasonal cycle phase, amplitude and shape of the simulations. The version of CASA currently used as the a priori model by the GEOS-Chem carbon cycle community poorly represents the season cycle in total column CO2. Consistent with earlier studies, enhancing the CO2 uptake in the boreal forest and shifting the onset of the growing season earlier significantly improve the simulated seasonal CO2 cycle using CASA estimates. The SiB model gives a better representation of the seasonal cycle dynamics. The difference in the seasonality of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) between these models is not the absolute gross primary productivity (GPP), but rather the differential phasing of ecosystem respiration (RE) with respect to GPP between these models. C1 [Messerschmidt, J.; Wunch, D.; Roehl, C.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Parazoo, N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Deutscher, N. M.; Warneke, T.] Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. RP Messerschmidt, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM janina@caltech.edu RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015 OI Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577 FU University of California, Irvine [NASA NNX10AT83G]; Senate of Bremen; EU project IMECC; EU project GEOmon; NASA's Carbon Cycle Program [NNX11AG016] FX We thank Ray Nassar (Environment Canada) for his helpful support and committed discussions. This analysis was supported by a sub-contract from University of California, Irvine (NASA NNX10AT83G, James Randerson, PI). For the TCCON sites at Bialystok (Poland), we acknowledge financial support by the Senate of Bremen and the EU projects IMECC and GEOmon as well as maintainance and logistical work provided by AeroMeteo Service (Bialystok). Support for the US TCCON operations is provided by NASA's Carbon Cycle Program grant NNX11AG016 for Park Falls (Wisconsin), and NASA's ACOS/OCO-2 project for Lamont (Oklahoma). The simulations used in this study were performed on the Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences Dell Cluster. GBIOME-BGCv1 is provided by the Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Germany. MPI assumes no responsibility for the proper use of GBIOME-BGC by others. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5103 EP 5115 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5103-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400002 ER PT J AU Tosca, MG Randerson, JT Zender, CS AF Tosca, M. G. Randerson, J. T. Zender, C. S. TI Global impact of smoke aerosols from landscape fires on climate and the Hadley circulation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPICAL EXPANSION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; RADIATION BUDGET; EQUATORIAL ASIA; EARTH SYSTEM; FOREST-FIRES; BLACK CARBON; EL-NINO AB Each year landscape fires across the globe emit black and organic carbon smoke particles that can last in the atmosphere for days to weeks. We characterized the climate response to these aerosols using an Earth system model. We used remote sensing observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5) to optimize satellite-derived smoke emissions for high biomass burning regions. Subsequent global simulations using the adjusted fire emissions produced AODs that were in closer agreement with surface and space-based measurements. We then used CAM5, which included radiative aerosol effects, to evaluate the climate response to the fire-aerosol forcing. We conducted two 52 yr simulations, one with four sets of monthly cycling 1997-2009 fire emissions and one without. Fire emissions increased global mean annual AOD by 10% (+0.02) and decreased net all-sky surface radiation by 1% (1.3 W m(-2)). Elevated AODs reduced global surface temperatures by 0.13 +/- 0.01 degrees C. Though global precipitation declined only slightly, patterns of precipitation changed, with large reductions near the Equator offset by smaller increases north and south of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). A combination of increased tropospheric heating and reduced surface temperatures increased equatorial subsidence and weakened the Hadley circulation. As a consequence, precipitation decreased over tropical forests in South America, Africa and equatorial Asia. These results are consistent with the observed correlation between global temperatures and the strength of the Hadley circulation and studies linking tropospheric heating from black carbon aerosols with tropical expansion. C1 [Tosca, M. G.; Randerson, J. T.; Zender, C. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Tosca, MG (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM michael.g.tosca@jpl.nasa.gov RI Tosca, Michael/J-4908-2015; Zender, Charles/D-4485-2012 OI Tosca, Michael/0000-0003-1301-8341; Zender, Charles/0000-0003-0129-8024 FU NSF [AGS-1048890, ARC-0714088]; NASA [NNX11AF96G, NNX07AR23G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX08AU90H] FX We are grateful for support from NSF (AGS-1048890) and NASA (NNX11AF96G). M. G. T. received support from a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX08AU90H). C.S.Z. acknowledges NSF (ARC-0714088) and NASA (NNX07AR23G) support. NR 79 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 9 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5227 EP 5241 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5227-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400010 ER PT J AU Naik, V Voulgarakis, A Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Lamarque, JF Lin, M Prather, MJ Young, PJ Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, PJ Cionni, I Collins, WJ Dalsoren, SB Doherty, R Eyring, V Faluvegi, G Folberth, GA Josse, B Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T van Noije, TPC Plummer, DA Righi, M Rumbold, ST Skeie, R Shindell, DT Stevenson, DS Strode, S Sudo, K Szopa, S Zeng, G AF Naik, V. Voulgarakis, A. Fiore, A. M. Horowitz, L. W. Lamarque, J. -F. Lin, M. Prather, M. J. Young, P. J. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. J. Cionni, I. Collins, W. J. Dalsoren, S. B. Doherty, R. Eyring, V. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. A. Josse, B. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. van Noije, T. P. C. Plummer, D. A. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. Shindell, D. T. Stevenson, D. S. Strode, S. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Zeng, G. TI Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN OH CONCENTRATION; PAST 2 DECADES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ICE CORE; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; OXIDIZING EFFICIENCY; METHYL CHLOROFORM; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NOX EMISSIONS; OZONE AB We have analysed time-slice simulations from 17 global models, participating in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), to explore changes in present-day (2000) hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration and methane (CH4) lifetime relative to preindustrial times (1850) and to 1980. A comparison of modeled and observation-derived methane and methyl chloroform lifetimes suggests that the present-day global multi-model mean OH concentration is overestimated by 5 to 10% but is within the range of uncertainties. The models consistently simulate higher OH concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) compared with the Southern Hemisphere (SH) for the present-day (2000; inter-hemispheric ratios of 1.13 to 1.42), in contrast to observation-based approaches which generally indicate higher OH in the SH although uncertainties are large. Evaluation of simulated carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, the primary sink for OH, against ground-based and satellite observations suggests low biases in the NH that may contribute to the high north-south OH asymmetry in the models. The models vary widely in their regional distribution of present-day OH concentrations (up to 34 %). Despite large regional changes, the multi-model global mean (mass-weighted) OH concentration changes little over the past 150 yr, due to concurrent increases in factors that enhance OH (humidity, tropospheric ozone, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and UV radiation due to decreases in stratospheric ozone), compensated by increases in OH sinks (methane abundance, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC) emissions). The large inter-model diversity in the sign and magnitude of preindustrial to present-day OH changes (ranging from a decrease of 12.7% to an increase of 14.6 %) indicate that uncertainty remains in our understanding of the long-term trends in OH and methane lifetime. We show that this diversity is largely explained by the different ratio of the change in global mean tropospheric CO and NOx burdens (Delta CO/Delta NOx, approximately represents changes in OH sinks versus changes in OH sources) in the models, pointing to a need for better constraints on natural precursor emissions and on the chemical mechanisms in the current generation of chemistry-climate models. For the 1980 to 2000 period, we find that climate warming and a slight increase in mean OH (3.5 +/- 2.2 %) leads to a 4.3 +/- 1.9% decrease in the methane lifetime. Analysing sensitivity simulations performed by 10 models, we find that preindustrial to present-day climate change decreased the methane lifetime by about four months, representing a negative feedback on the climate system. Further, we analysed attribution experiments performed by a subset of models relative to 2000 conditions with only one precursor at a time set to 1860 levels. We find that global mean OH increased by 46.4 +/- 12.2% in response to preindustrial to present-day anthropogenic NOx emission increases, and decreased by 17.3 +/- 2.3 %, 7.6 +/- 1.5 %, and 3.1 +/- 3.0% due to methane burden, and anthropogenic CO, and NMVOC emissions increases, respectively. C1 [Naik, V.] UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Horowitz, L. W.; Lin, M.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lin, M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Prather, M. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Collins, W. J.; Folberth, G. A.; Rumbold, S. T.] Hadley Ctr Climate Predict, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.; Skeie, R.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Doherty, R.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Eyring, V.; Righi, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Josse, B.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, Meteofrance, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [van Noije, T. P. C.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Szopa, S.] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Paris, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Naik, V (reprint author), UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM vaishali.naik@noaa.gov RI Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011 OI Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627 FU Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Norwegian Research Council; ENEA; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal); NASA; NASA MAP program; NASA ACMAP program; DECC [GA01101]; Defra [GA01101]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data.; For CESM-CAM-superfast, DB and PC were funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; The CICERO-OSloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and Earth-Clim funded by the Norwegian Research Council.; For EMAC, the work of VE and MR was funded by the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), and the work of IC was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project.; The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division.; AV, DTS and YHL acknowledge support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs.; For HadGEM2, WJC, GAF, and STR were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101).; The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.; The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.; The STOC-HadAM3 work made use of the facilities of HECToR, the UK's national high-performance computing service which is funded by the Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme. NR 107 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 90 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5277 EP 5298 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5277-2013 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400014 ER PT J AU Kelley, DI Prentice, IC Harrison, SP Wang, H Simard, M Fisher, JB Willis, KO AF Kelley, D. I. Prentice, I. C. Harrison, S. P. Wang, H. Simard, M. Fisher, J. B. Willis, K. O. TI A comprehensive benchmarking system for evaluating global vegetation models SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON-CYCLE; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-SURFACE; PLANT GEOGRAPHY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SEASONAL CYCLE; FIRE EMISSIONS; LARGE ENSEMBLE; BURNED AREA AB We present a benchmark system for global vegetation models. This system provides a quantitative evaluation of multiple simulated vegetation properties, including primary production; seasonal net ecosystem production; vegetation cover; composition and height; fire regime; and runoff. The benchmarks are derived from remotely sensed gridded datasets and site-based observations. The datasets allow comparisons of annual average conditions and seasonal and inter-annual variability, and they allow the impact of spatial and temporal biases in means and variability to be assessed separately. Specifically designed metrics quantify model performance for each process, and are compared to scores based on the temporal or spatial mean value of the observations and a "random" model produced by bootstrap resampling of the observations. The benchmark system is applied to three models: a simple light-use efficiency and waterbalance model (the Simple Diagnostic Biosphere Model: SDBM), the Lund-Potsdam-Jena (LPJ) and Land Processes and eXchanges (LPX) dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). In general, the SDBM performs better than either of the DGVMs. It reproduces independent measurements of net primary production (NPP) but underestimates the amplitude of the observed CO2 seasonal cycle. The two DGVMs show little difference for most benchmarks (including the inter-annual variability in the growth rate and seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2), but LPX represents burnt fraction demonstrably more accurately. Benchmarking also identified several weaknesses common to both DGVMs. The benchmarking system provides a quantitative approach for evaluating how adequately processes are represented in a model, identifying errors and biases, tracking improvements in performance through model development, and discriminating among models. Adoption of such a system would do much to improve confidence in terrestrial model predictions of climate change impacts and feedbacks. C1 [Kelley, D. I.; Prentice, I. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Wang, H.; Willis, K. O.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Prentice, I. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst Climate Change, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Prentice, I. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Harrison, S. P.] Univ Reading, Sch Human & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England. [Wang, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Simard, M.; Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kelley, DI (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM douglas.kelley@students.mq.edu.au RI Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013; OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; Kelley, Douglas/0000-0003-1413-4969; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU Macquarie University International Research Scholarship (iMQRES) FX S. P. Harrison and I. C. Prentice were responsible for the design of the benchmarking system; I. C. Prentice, K. O. Willis and D. I. Kelley designed the metrics; D. I. Kelley ran the LPJ and LPX simulations, coded metrics and made the statistical analyses; H. Wang and D. I. Kelley collated and regridded datasets and coded and ran the SDBM. J.B. Fisher and M. Simard provided remote-sensed datasets. D. I. Kelley, S. P. Harrison and I. C. Prentice wrote the first draft of the paper; all authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript. D. I. Kelley is supported by a Macquarie University International Research Scholarship (iMQRES). We thank Gab Abramowitz and the ILAMB project (http://www.ilamb.org) for discussions of benchmarking strategy and Stephen Sitch for supplying the atmospheric transport matrices. Metrics were scripted using R (R Development Core Team, 2012). The benchmarking system, datasets and scripts for data-model comparison metrics are available at http://bio.mq.edu.au/bcd/benchmarks/. NR 99 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 67 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 5 BP 3313 EP 3340 DI 10.5194/bg-10-3313-2013 PG 28 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 156QT UT WOS:000319838200031 ER PT J AU Morrill, C LeGrande, AN Renssen, H Bakker, P Otto-Bliesner, BL AF Morrill, C. LeGrande, A. N. Renssen, H. Bakker, P. Otto-Bliesner, B. L. TI Model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing at 8.2 ka SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; GREENLAND ICE CORES; COLD EVENT; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; LABRADOR SEA; DEEP-OCEAN; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AB We compared four simulations of the 8.2 ka event to assess climate model sensitivity and skill in responding to North Atlantic freshwater perturbations. All of the simulations used the same freshwater forcing, 2.5 Sv for one year, applied to either the Hudson Bay (northeastern Canada) or Labrador Sea (between Canada's Labrador coast and Greenland). This freshwater pulse induced a decadal-mean slowdown of 10-25% in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of the models and caused a large-scale pattern of climate anomalies that matched proxy evidence for cooling in the Northern Hemisphere and a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The multi-model ensemble generated temperature anomalies that were just half as large as those from quantitative proxy reconstructions, however. Also, the duration of AMOC and climate anomalies in three of the simulations was only several decades, significantly shorter than the duration of similar to 150 yr in the paleoclimate record. Possible reasons for these discrepancies include incorrect representation of the early Holocene climate and ocean state in the North Atlantic and uncertainties in the freshwater forcing estimates. C1 [Morrill, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [LeGrande, A. N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [LeGrande, A. N.] Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Renssen, H.; Bakker, P.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Otto-Bliesner, B. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Morrill, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carrie.morrill@colorado.edu OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [ARC-0713951, ARC-0713971]; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL); European Union [243908] FX We thank Lauren Gregoire and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Funding for the CCSM simulations was provided by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, to CM (ARC-0713951) and BLO-B (ARC-0713971), and supercomputer time was provided by a grant from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL). CM and BLO-B thank Nan Rosenbloom for running the CCSMall simulations, Ellen Ward for assistance with figures, and Esther Brady and Amy Wagner for helpful discussions. ANL thanks NASA GISS for institutional support. This is Past4Future contribution no. 37. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 243908, "Past4Future. Climate change - Learning from the past climate." NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 955 EP 968 DI 10.5194/cp-9-955-2013 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 156RU UT WOS:000319840900004 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Puma, MJ Cook, BI AF Krakauer, N. Y. Puma, M. J. Cook, B. I. TI Impacts of soil-aquifer heat and water fluxes on simulated global climate SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; GISS MODELE; IN-SITU; GROUNDWATER CONTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY LAND; MOISTURE; IRRIGATION; ROOTS; TABLE; DEEP AB Climate models have traditionally only represented heat and water fluxes within relatively shallow soil layers, but there is increasing interest in the possible role of heat and water exchanges with the deeper subsurface. Here, we integrate an idealized 50m deep aquifer into the land surface module of the GISS ModelE general circulation model to test the influence of aquifer-soil moisture and heat exchanges on climate variables. We evaluate the impact on the modeled climate of aquifer-soil heat and water fluxes separately, as well as in combination. The addition of the aquifer to ModelE has limited impact on annual-mean climate, with little change in global mean land temperature, precipitation, or evaporation. The seasonal amplitude of deep soil temperature is strongly damped by the soil-aquifer heat flux. This not only improves the model representation of permafrost area but propagates to the surface, resulting in an increase in the seasonal amplitude of surface air temperature of >1K in the Arctic. The soil-aquifer water and heat fluxes both slightly decrease interannual variability in soil moisture and in landsurface temperature, and decrease the soil moisture memory of the land surface on seasonal to annual timescales. The results of this experiment suggest that deepening the modeled land surface, compared to modeling only a shallower soil column with a no-flux bottom boundary condition, has limited impact on mean climate but does affect seasonality and interannual persistence. C1 [Krakauer, N. Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY USA. [Krakauer, N. Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY USA. [Puma, M. J.; Cook, B. I.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu RI Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084] FX This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grants NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004 and NA12OAR4310084. The statements contained in this article are not the opinions of the funding agency or government, but reflect the views of the authors. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1974 DI 10.5194/hess-17-1963-2013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 156XM UT WOS:000319857200019 ER PT J AU Bindschadler, RA Nowicki, S Abe-Ouchi, A Aschwanden, A Choi, H Fastook, J Granzow, G Greve, R Gutowski, G Herzfeld, U Jackson, C Johnson, J Khroulev, C Levermann, A Lipscomb, WH Martin, MA Morlighem, M Parizek, BR Pollard, D Price, SF Ren, DD Saito, F Sato, T Seddik, H Seroussi, H Takahashi, K Walker, R Wang, WL AF Bindschadler, Robert A. Nowicki, Sophie Abe-Ouchi, Ayako Aschwanden, Andy Choi, Hyeungu Fastook, Jim Granzow, Glen Greve, Ralf Gutowski, Gail Herzfeld, Ute Jackson, Charles Johnson, Jesse Khroulev, Constantine Levermann, Anders Lipscomb, William H. Martin, Maria A. Morlighem, Mathieu Parizek, Byron R. Pollard, David Price, Stephen F. Ren, Diandong Saito, Fuyuki Sato, Tatsuru Seddik, Hakime Seroussi, Helene Takahashi, Kunio Walker, Ryan Wang, Wei Li TI Ice-sheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their use in projecting future sea level (the SeaRISE project) SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; SATELLITE RADAR; MASS-BALANCE; SURFACE MELT; LASER DATA; PISM-PIK; GREENLAND; ANTARCTICA; SHELF; FLOW AB Ten ice-sheet models are used to study sensitivity of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to prescribed changes of surface mass balance, sub-ice-shelf melting and basal sliding. Results exhibit a large range in projected contributions to sea-level change. In most cases, the ice volume above flotation lost is linearly dependent on the strength of the forcing. Combinations of forcings can be closely approximated by linearly summing the contributions from single forcing experiments, suggesting that nonlinear feedbacks are modest. Our models indicate that Greenland is more sensitive than Antarctica to likely atmospheric changes in temperature and precipitation, while Antarctica is more sensitive to increased ice-shelf basal melting. An experiment approximating the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's RCP8.5 scenario produces additional first-century contributions to sea level of 22.3 and 8.1 cm from Greenland and Antarctica, respectively, with a range among models of 62 and 14 cm, respectively. By 200 years, projections increase to 53.2 and 26.7 cm, respectively, with ranges of 79 and 43 cm. Linear interpolation of the sensitivity results closely approximates these projections, revealing the relative contributions of the individual forcings on the combined volume change and suggesting that total ice-sheet response to complicated forcings over 200 years can be linearized. C1 [Bindschadler, Robert A.; Nowicki, Sophie; Wang, Wei Li] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Aschwanden, Andy; Khroulev, Constantine] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Choi, Hyeungu] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Fastook, Jim] Univ Maine, Comp Sci Quaternary Inst, Orono, ME USA. [Granzow, Glen; Johnson, Jesse] Univ Montana, Coll Arts & Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Greve, Ralf; Sato, Tatsuru; Seddik, Hakime] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Gutowski, Gail; Jackson, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. [Herzfeld, Ute] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herzfeld, Ute] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Levermann, Anders] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, Potsdam, Germany. [Lipscomb, William H.; Price, Stephen F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Martin, Maria A.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Parizek, Byron R.] Penn State DuBois, Math & Geosci, Du Bois, PA USA. [Pollard, David] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ren, Diandong] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Perth, WA, Australia. [Saito, Fuyuki; Takahashi, Kunio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Seroussi, Helene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Walker, Ryan] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bindschadler, RA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM robert.a.bindschadler@nasa.gov RI Levermann, Anders/G-4666-2011; Price, Stephen /E-1568-2013; Greve, Ralf/G-2336-2010; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/M-6359-2013; Seddik, Hakime/F-7640-2014; Morlighem, Mathieu/O-9942-2014; Jackson, Charles/A-2202-2009; Ren, Diandong/C-8870-2013; OI Levermann, Anders/0000-0003-4432-4704; Price, Stephen /0000-0001-6878-2553; Greve, Ralf/0000-0002-1341-4777; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Seddik, Hakime/0000-0002-0241-590X; Morlighem, Mathieu/0000-0001-5219-1310; Jackson, Charles/0000-0002-2870-4494; Ren, Diandong/0000-0002-5757-7527; SAITO, Fuyuki/0000-0001-5935-9614 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [22244058]; NASA [NNX11AP39G, NNX-09-AV94G, NNX-10-AI04G, 281945.02.53.02.19]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0531211, 0758274, 0909335]; Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) [0424589]; NSF [0909335, ANT-0424589, 1043018, 25-0550-0001, OCE-1202632, CReSIS 0424589]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE's Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-000R22725]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Research Technology and Development Program; Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation FX R. Greve, H. Seddik and T. Sato were supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research A (No. 22244058) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).; U. Herzfeld was supported by a NASA Cryospheric Sciences Award (NNX11AP39G).; B. Parizek was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants 0531211, 0758274, 0909335 and the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) 0424589 and by NASA under grants NNX-09-AV94G and NNX-10-AI04G.; D. Pollard was supported by NSF under grants ANT-0424589, 1043018, 25-0550-0001 and OCE-1202632.; S.F. Price and W.H. Lipscomb were supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Simulations were conducted at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (supported by DOE's Office of Science under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231) using time awarded through DOE's ASCR Leadership Computing Challenge allocation to the project 'Projections of Ice Sheet Evolution Using Advanced Ice and Ocean Models'. Model development and simulations were also conducted at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by DOE's Office of Science under contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725. CISM development and simulations relied on additional support by K.J. Evans, P.H. Worley and J.A. Nichols (all of Oak Ridge National Laboratory) and A.G. Salinger (Sandia National Laboratories).; H. Seroussi and M. Morlighem are supported by the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program and Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program, and a contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Research Technology and Development Program. H. Seroussi was also supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at JPL, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. E. Larour and E. Rignot further enabled their participation on SeaRISE.; R. Walker was supported by NSF through grants 0909335 and CReSIS 0424589, by NASA under grants NNX-09-AV94G and NNX-10-AI04G, and by the Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation.; W. Wang was supported by the NASA Cryospheric Science program (grant 281945.02.53.02.19). NR 102 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 64 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 214 BP 195 EP 224 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J125 PG 30 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 154ZV UT WOS:000319716100001 ER PT J AU Panzer, B Gomez-Garcia, D Leuschen, C Paden, J Rodriguez-Morales, F Patel, A Markus, T Holt, B Gogineni, P AF Panzer, Ben Gomez-Garcia, Daniel Leuschen, Carl Paden, John Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando Patel, Aqsa Markus, Thorsten Holt, Benjamin Gogineni, Prasad TI An ultra-wideband, microwave radar for measuring snow thickness on sea ice and mapping near-surface internal layers in polar firn SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FMCW RADARS; VARIABILITY; COVER; DEPTH; BACKSCATTER; OCEAN; LASER; LAND AB Sea ice is generally covered with snow, which can vary in thickness from a few centimeters to >1 m. Snow cover acts as a thermal insulator modulating the heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, and it impacts sea-ice growth rates and overall thickness, a key indicator of climate change in polar regions. Snow depth is required to estimate sea-ice thickness using freeboard measurements made with satellite altimeters. The snow cover also acts as a mechanical load that depresses ice freeboard (snow and ice above sea level). Freeboard depression can result in flooding of the snow/ice interface and the formation of a thick slush layer, particularly in the Antarctic sea-ice cover. The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) has developed an ultra-wideband, microwave radar capable of operation on long-endurance aircraft to characterize the thickness of snow over sea ice. The low-power, 100 mW signal is swept from 2 to 8 GHz allowing the air/snow and snow/ice interfaces to be mapped with 5 cm range resolution in snow; this is an improvement over the original system that worked from 2 to 6.5 GHz. From 2009 to 2012, CReSIS successfully operated the radar on the NASA P-3B and DC-8 aircraft to collect data on snow-covered sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic for NASA Operation IceBridge. The radar was found capable of snow depth retrievals ranging from 10 cm to >1 m. We also demonstrated that this radar can be used to map near-surface internal layers in polar firn with fine range resolution. Here we describe the instrument design, characteristics and performance of the radar. C1 [Panzer, Ben; Gomez-Garcia, Daniel; Leuschen, Carl; Paden, John; Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando; Patel, Aqsa; Gogineni, Prasad] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Panzer, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM bpanzer@ku.edu FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-0424589]; NASA [NNX09AR77G, NNG10HP19C, NNX10AT68G]; NASA FX We acknowledge the positive and constructive feedback of the two reviewers. Processed data products from each deployment can be downloaded from NSIDC.org or from our website at data.cresis.ku.edu. This research was supported by US National Science Foundation grant No. ANT-0424589 and NASA under grants NNX09AR77G, NNG10HP19C and NNX10AT68G. B.H. carried out this research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 18 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 214 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J128 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 154ZV UT WOS:000319716100004 ER PT J AU Scambos, TA Ross, R Haran, T Bauer, R Ainley, DG Seo, KW De Keyser, M Behar, A MacAyeal, DR AF Scambos, T. A. Ross, R. Haran, T. Bauer, R. Ainley, D. G. Seo, K. -W. De Keyser, M. Behar, A. MacAyeal, D. R. TI A camera and rnultisensor automated station design for polar physical and biological systems monitoring: AMIGOS SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; ICE-SHELF AB The Automated Meteorology Ice/Indigenous species Geophysics Observation System (AMIGOS) consists of a set of measurement instruments and camera(s) controlled by a single-board computer with a simplified Linux operating system and an Iridium satellite modem supporting two-way communication. Primary features of the system relevant to polar operations are low power requirements, daily data uploading, reprogramming, tolerance for low temperatures, and various approaches for automatic resets and recovery from low power or cold shutdown. Instruments include a compact weather station, single- or dual-frequency GPS, solar flux and reflectivity sensors, sonic snow gauges, simplified radio-echo sounder, and resistance thermometer string in the firn column. In the current state of development, there are two basic designs. One is intended for in situ observations of glacier conditions. The other supports a high-resolution camera for monitoring biological or geophysical systems from short distances (100 m to 20 km). The stations have been successfully used in several locations for operational support, monitoring rapid ice changes in response to climate change or iceberg drift, and monitoring penguin colony activity. As of August 2012, there are nine AMIGOS systems installed, all on the Antarctic continent or in the surrounding ocean. C1 [Scambos, T. A.; Haran, T.; Bauer, R.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ross, R.] Polar 66, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Ainley, D. G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA USA. [Seo, K. -W.] Korea Polar Res Inst, Div Polar Earth Syst Sci, Inchon, South Korea. [Seo, K. -W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. [De Keyser, M.] Antarctic Logist & Expedit, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Behar, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [MacAyeal, D. R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Scambos, TA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM teds@nsidc.edu FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [0229546, 0540915, 0732921, 0944411, PP13010]; ALE; World Wildlife Fund FX We thank the many field support and installation personnel at Raytheon Polar Services Corporation, Instituto Antartico Argentino, Antarctic Logistical Experts (ALE), the British Antarctic Survey, the Korean Polar Research Institute, the Italian Antarctic Program and the pilots and crew of Ken Borek Air and Helicopters New Zealand. Top Con Positioning Systems Inc. donated several of the single-board GPSs for this effort. This work was funded by US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grants 0229546, 0540915, 0732921, 0944411, KOPRI grant PP13010, and received financial support from ALE and the World Wildlife Fund. The camera station at Cape Royds is maintained under Antarctic Conservation Act permits 2006010 and 2011-002. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 214 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J170 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 154ZV UT WOS:000319716100009 ER PT J AU Budd, WF Warner, RC Jacka, TH Li, J Treverrow, A AF Budd, William F. Warner, Roland C. Jacka, T. H. Li, Jun Treverrow, Adam TI Ice flow relations for stress and strain-rate components from combined shear and compression laboratory experiments SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; FABRIC EVOLUTION; CRYSTAL SIZE; POLAR ICE; ANTARCTICA; CREEP; CORE; DOME; DEFORMATION; RHEOLOGY AB The generalized (Glen) flow relation for ice, involving the second invariants of the stress deviator and strain-rate tensors, is only expected to hold for isotropic polycrystalline ice. Previous single-stress experiments have shown that for the steady-state flow, which develops at large strains, the tertiary strain rate is greater than the minimum (secondary creep) value by an enhancement factor which is larger for shear than compression. Previous experiments combining shear with compression normal to the shear plane have shown that enhancement of the tertiary octahedral strain rate increases monotonically from compression alone to shear alone. Additional experiments and analyses presented here were conducted to further investigate how the separate tertiary shear and compression strain-rate components are related in combined stress situations. It is found that tertiary compression rates are more strongly influenced by the addition of shear than is given by a Glen-type flow relation, whereas shear is less influenced by additional compression. A scalar function formulation of the flow relation is proposed, which fits the tertiary creep data well and is readily adapted to a generalized form that can be extended to other stress configurations and applied in ice mass modelling. C1 [Budd, William F.; Warner, Roland C.; Jacka, T. H.; Treverrow, Adam] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Budd, William F.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Warner, Roland C.; Jacka, T. H.; Li, Jun] Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Sustainabil Environm Water Populat & Communi, Kingston, Tas, Australia. [Li, Jun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Budd, WF (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. EM Roland.Warner@aad.gov.au RI Treverrow, Adam/J-7450-2014 OI Treverrow, Adam/0000-0003-4666-0488 FU Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC) FX This work was supported in part by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC). We acknowledge comments on an earlier version of this work. In particular, we thank Leslie Morland for a useful dialogue regarding the inference of deviatoric normal stresses, and Ralf Greve and two anonymous reviewers, whose interpretation prompted us to include our formulation for a scalar anisotropic flow relation. We also thank Scientific Editor Ralf Greve, Throstur Thorsteinsson and an anonymous reviewer for detailed consideration of the paper. T.H.J. thanks Ralf Greve, in addition, for acting as Chief Editor for the paper. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 214 BP 374 EP 392 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J106 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 154ZV UT WOS:000319716100014 ER PT J AU Watson, AB AF Watson, Andrew B. TI A formula for the mean human optical modulation transfer function as a function of pupil size SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE MTF; OTF; PSF; vision; contrast sensitivity; optics ID RETINAL IMAGE QUALITY; POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; HUMAN EYE; ZERNIKE COEFFICIENTS; NORMAL POPULATION; APPROXIMATION; PERFORMANCE; EXPRESSION; ACUITY; LIGHT AB We have constructed an analytic formula for the mean radial modulation transfer function of the best-corrected human eye as a function of pupil diameter, based on previously collected wave front aberrations from 200 eyes (Thibos, Hong, Bradley, & Cheng, 2002). This formula will be useful in modeling the early stages of human vision. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov FU NASA [WBS 466199] FX I thank Larry Thibos, Albert Ahumada, Jeffrey Mulligan, and Floris van Nes for comments on the manuscript. This work supported by the NASA Space Human Factors Research Project WBS 466199. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 AR 18 DI 10.1167/13.6.18 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 156IC UT WOS:000319814300018 PM 23729769 ER PT J AU Steffen, JH Fabrycky, DC Agol, E Ford, EB Morehead, RC Cochran, WD Lissauer, JJ Adams, ER Borucki, WJ Bryson, S Caldwell, DA Dupree, A Jenkins, JM Robertson, P Rowe, JF Seader, S Thompson, S Twicken, JD AF Steffen, Jason H. Fabrycky, Daniel C. Agol, Eric Ford, Eric B. Morehead, Robert C. Cochran, William D. Lissauer, Jack J. Adams, Elisabeth R. Borucki, William J. Bryson, Steve Caldwell, Douglas A. Dupree, Andrea Jenkins, Jon M. Robertson, Paul Rowe, Jason F. Seader, Shawn Thompson, Susan Twicken, Joseph D. TI Transit timing observations from Kepler - VII. Confirmation of 27 planets in 13 multiplanet systems via transit timing variations and orbital stability SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; techniques: photometric; celestial mechanics ID 1ST 4 MONTHS; GIANT PLANET; SUPER-EARTH; CANDIDATES; STARS; VALIDATION; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; MODELS; MASS AB We confirm 27 planets in 13 planetary systems by showing the existence of statistically significant anticorrelated transit timing variations, which demonstrates that the planet candidates are in the same system, and long-term dynamical stability, which places limits on the masses of the candidates - showing that they are planetary. All of these newly confirmed planetary systems have orbital periods that place them near first-order mean motion resonances (MMRs), including six systems near the 2: 1 MMR, five near 3: 2, and one each near 4: 3, 5: 4 and 6:5. In addition, several unconfirmed planet candidates exist in some systems (that cannot be confirmed with this method at this time). A few of these candidates would also be near first-order MMRs with either the confirmed planets or other candidates. One system of particular interest, Kepler-56 (KOI-1241), is a pair of planets orbiting a twelfth magnitude, giant star with radius over three times that of the Sun and effective temperature of 4900 K - among the largest stars known to host a transiting exoplanetary system. C1 [Steffen, Jason H.] Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fabrycky, Daniel C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Agol, Eric] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 90195 USA. [Ford, Eric B.; Morehead, Robert C.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32111 USA. [Cochran, William D.; Robertson, Paul] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78730 USA. [Lissauer, Jack J.; Borucki, William J.; Bryson, Steve; Jenkins, Jon M.; Rowe, Jason F.; Seader, Shawn; Thompson, Susan; Twicken, Joseph D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Adams, Elisabeth R.; Dupree, Andrea] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas A.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Steffen, JH (reprint author), Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500,MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jsteffen@fnal.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; /0000-0002-0802-9145; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 FU NASA [NNX08AR04G, NAS 5-26555]; NASA through Hubble Fellowship [HF-51272.01-A, HF-51267.01-A]; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0802270] FX We thank Yoram Lithwick, Roberto Sanchis-Ojeda, Bill Chaplin and Daniel Huber for their useful input and discussions. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. We thank the entire Kepler team for the many years of work that is proving so successful. JHS acknowledges support by NASA under grant NNX08AR04G issued through the Kepler Participating Scientist Program. DCF and JAC acknowledge that support for this work was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grants #HF-51272.01-A and #HF-51267.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. RCM is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-0802270. NR 38 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 2 BP 1077 EP 1087 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts090 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QO UT WOS:000318229000009 ER PT J AU Ross, AJ Percival, WJ Carnero, A Zhao, GB Manera, M Raccanelli, A Aubourg, E Bizyaev, D Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Brownstein, JR Cuesta, AJ da Costa, LAN Eisenstein, DJ Ebelke, G Guo, H Hamilton, JC Magana, MV Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Maraston, C Montesano, F Nichol, RC Oravetz, D Pan, KK Prada, F Sanchez, AG Samushia, L Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Seo, HJ Sheldon, A Simmons, A Snedden, S Swanson, MEC Thomas, D Tinker, JL Tojeiro, R Zehavi, I AF Ross, Ashley J. Percival, Will J. Carnero, Aurelio Zhao, Gong-bo Manera, Marc Raccanelli, Alvise Aubourg, Eric Bizyaev, Dmitry Brewington, Howard Brinkmann, J. Brownstein, Joel R. Cuesta, Antonio J. da Costa, Luiz A. N. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Ebelke, Garrett Guo, Hong Hamilton, Jean-Christophe Magana, Mariana Vargas Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Maraston, Claudia Montesano, Francesco Nichol, Robert C. Oravetz, Daniel Pan, Kaike Prada, Francisco Sanchez, Ariel G. Samushia, Lado Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Seo, Hee-Jong Sheldon, Alaina Simmons, Audrey Snedden, Stephanie Swanson, Molly E. C. Thomas, Daniel Tinker, Jeremy L. Tojeiro, Rita Zehavi, Idit TI The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III DR9 Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; (cosmology:) inflation; (cosmology:) large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; DATA RELEASE; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; BIAS; EVOLUTION; QUASARS; PROBE AB We analyse the density field of 264 283 galaxies observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) and included in the SDSS Data Release 9 (DR9). In total, the SDSS DR9 BOSS data include spectroscopic redshifts for over 400 000 galaxies spread over a footprint of more than 3000 deg(2). We measure the power spectrum of these galaxies with redshifts 0.43 < z < 0.7 in order to constrain the amount of local non-Gaussianity, f(NL)(local), in the primordial density field, paying particular attention to the impact of systematic uncertainties. The BOSS galaxy density field is systematically affected by the local stellar density and this influences the ability to accurately measure f(NL)(local). In the absence of any correction, we find (erroneously) that the probability that f(NL)(local) is greater than zero, P(f(NL)(local) > 0), is 99.5 per cent. After quantifying and correcting for the systematic bias and including the added uncertainty, we find -45 < f(NL)(local) < 195 at 95 per cent confidence and P(f(NL)(local) > 0) = 91.0 per cent. A more conservative approach assumes that we have only learnt the k dependence of the systematic bias and allows any amplitude for the systematic correction; we find that the systematic effect is not fully degenerate with that of f(NL)(local), and we determine that - 82 < f(NL)(local) < 178 (at 95 per cent confidence) and P(f(NL)(local) > 0) = 68 per cent. This analysis demonstrates the importance of accounting for the impact of Galactic foregrounds on f(NL)(local) measurements. We outline the methods that account for these systematic biases and uncertainties. We expect our methods to yield robust constraints on f(NL)(local) for both our own and future large-scale structure investigations. C1 [Ross, Ashley J.; Percival, Will J.; Zhao, Gong-bo; Manera, Marc; Raccanelli, Alvise; Maraston, Claudia; Nichol, Robert C.; Samushia, Lado; Thomas, Daniel; Tojeiro, Rita] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Carnero, Aurelio; da Costa, Luiz A. N.] Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Carnero, Aurelio; da Costa, Luiz A. N.] Lab Interinst E Astron LineA, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Raccanelli, Alvise] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Raccanelli, Alvise] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aubourg, Eric] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Obs Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. [Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brewington, Howard; Brinkmann, J.; Ebelke, Garrett; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Oravetz, Daniel; Pan, Kaike; Sheldon, Alaina; Simmons, Audrey; Snedden, Stephanie] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Brownstein, Joel R.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cuesta, Antonio J.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Swanson, Molly E. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guo, Hong; Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hamilton, Jean-Christophe; Magana, Mariana Vargas] Univ Paris 07, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA,Observ Paris, Paris, France. [Montesano, Francesco; Sanchez, Ariel G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Prada, Francisco] Campus Int Excellence UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Prada, Francisco] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Samushia, Lado] Ilia State Univ, Natl Abastumani Astrophys Observ, GE-1060 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Seo, Hee-Jong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo, Hee-Jong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tinker, Jeremy L.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, York, NY 10003 USA. RP Ross, AJ (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Dennis Sciama Bldg, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. EM ashley.ross@port.ac.uk RI Guo, Hong/J-5797-2015; OI Guo, Hong/0000-0003-4936-8247; Raccanelli, Alvise/0000-0001-6726-0438; Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470 FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/I001204/1]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Research Council; European Research Council; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Cambridge University; Carnegie Mellon University; Case Western University; University of Florida; Fermilab; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; UC Irvine; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Institucio Catalana de Recerca y Estudis Avancat, Barcelona; Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Korean Institute for Advanced Study; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Pittburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; UC Santa Cruz; Spanish Participation Group; Texas Christian University; Trieste Astrophysical Observatory; University of Tokyo/IPMU; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; University of Wisconson; Yale University FX We thank the anonymous referee for comments that helped improve this paper. AJR is grateful to the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council for financial support through the grant ST/I001204/1. WJP is grateful for support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Research Council and the European Research Council.; Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the JetPropulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III website is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Cambridge University, Carnegie Mellon University, Case Western University, University of Florida, Fermilab, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, UC Irvine, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Institucio Catalana de Recerca y Estudis Avancat, Barcelona, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Korean Institute for Advanced Study, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, UC Santa Cruz, the Spanish Participation Group, Texas Christian University, Trieste Astrophysical Observatory, University of Tokyo/IPMU, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconson and Yale University. NR 64 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 2 BP 1116 EP 1127 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts094 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QO UT WOS:000318229000012 ER PT J AU Palau, A Contreras, CS Sahai, R Sanchez-Monge, A Rizzo, JR AF Palau, Aina Sanchez Contreras, C. Sahai, R. Sanchez-Monge, A. Rizzo, J. R. TI IRAS 19520+2759: a 10(5) L-circle dot massive young stellar object driving a collimated outflow SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; stars: massive; stars: winds, outflows; ISM: individual objects: IRAS 19520+2759; ISM: molecules ID STAR-FORMING REGION; ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRA; GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; DISK ACCRETION; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; ROTATING TOROIDS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED SURVEY AB The theory of massive star formation currently suffers from a scarce observational base of massive young stellar objects to compare with. In this paper, we present interferometric (CO)-C-12 (1-0), (CO)-C-13 (1-0), (CO)-O-18 (1-0) and 2.6mm continuum images of the infrared source IRAS 19520+2759 together with complementary single-dish observations of CS (1-0), obtained with the 34 m antenna DSS-54 at the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex, as well as archive images at different wavelengths. As a result from our work, IRAS 19520+2759, with a controversial nature in the past, is firmly established as a massive young stellar object associated with a strong and compact millimetre source and driving a collimated outflow. In addition, a second fainter millimetre source is discovered about 4 arcsec to the south, which is also driving an outflow. Furthermore, the two millimetre sources are associated with (CO)-O-18 clumps elongated perpendicularly to the outflows, which may be related to rotating toroids. The masses of gas and dust of the millimetre sources are estimated to be around 100 and 50 M-circle dot. MM1, the dominant source at all wavelengths, with a total luminosity of (1-2) x 10(5) L-circle dot at 9 kpc, is however not associated with 6 cm emission down to an rms noise level of 0.1 mJy. We propose that IRAS 19520+2759 could be an example of the recent theoretical prediction of 'bloated' or 'swollen' star, i.e. a massive young stellar object whose radius has increased due to effects of accretion at a high-mass accretion rate. C1 [Palau, Aina] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencias Espai, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain. [Sanchez Contreras, C.; Rizzo, J. R.] CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. [Sahai, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sanchez-Monge, A.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Palau, A (reprint author), CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencias Espai, Campus UAB Fac Ciencies,Torre C5 Parell 2, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain. EM palau@ieec.uab.es RI Sanchez-Contreras, Carmen/N-3718-2015; Rizzo, J. Ricardo/N-5879-2014 OI Sanchez-Contreras, Carmen/0000-0002-6341-592X; Rizzo, J. Ricardo/0000-0002-8443-6631 FU Spanish MICINN [AYA2008-06189-C03, AYA2009-07304]; FEDER; JAE-Doc CSIC fellowship; European Social Fund; CONSOLIDER INGENIO; National Science Foundation [08-38260]; NASA; NASA LTSA; ADP [NMO710651/399-20-40-06, 399-20-40-08]; HST/GO from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-09463.01, 09801.01, 10185.01]; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under NASA [NAS5-26555]; Two Micron All Sky Survey; National Science Foundation (NSF); Midcourse Space EXperiment; Ballistic Missile Defense Organization; NASA Office of Space Science; NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive; Caltech from NSF; NSF [AST-9980846, AST-0206158] FX The authors are grateful to the anonymous referee for valuable comments that significantly improved the quality of the paper. AP is grateful to Tom Landecker and Roland Kothes for kindly providing the 21 cm CGPS images, and to Josep Miquel Girart for insightful comments on the paper. RS acknowledges useful discussions with Harold Yorke and Takashi Hosokawa. The Madrid DSCC observations have been done under the Host Country programme; the authors acknowledge the kind support of the Robledo staff during such observations. AP is supported by the Spanish MICINN grant AYA2008-06189-C03 (co-funded with FEDER funds) and by a JAE-Doc CSIC fellowship co-funded with the European Social Fund. This work has been partially performed at the Astrophysics Department of the Astrobiology Center (CAB, CSIC/INTA) and the California Institute of Technology and has been partially supported by the Spanish MICINN through grants AYA2009-07304 and CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 for the team 'Molecular Astrophysics: The Herschel and Alma Era - ASTROMOL' (ref.: CSD2009-00038). Ongoing development and operations for OVRO and CARMA are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement (grant AST 08-38260). RS thanks NASA for partially funding this work by NASA LTSA and ADP awards (nos. NMO710651/399-20-40-06 & 399-20-40-08); RS also received partial support for this work from HST/GO awards (nos. GO-09463.01, 09801.01 and 10185.01) from the Space Telescope Science Institute (operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under NASA contract NAS5-26555). This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, the NASA's Astrophysics Data System, Aladin, Akari observations, a JAXA project with the participation of ESA; the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA; the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF); the Midcourse Space EXperiment, for which processing of the data was funded by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization with additional support from NASA Office of Space Science; the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA; and the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey, made using Bolocam on the Caltech Sub-millimeter Observatory, operated by Caltech under a contract from the NSF. Support for the development of Bolocam was provided by NSF grants AST-9980846 and AST-0206158. NR 125 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 2 BP 1537 EP 1550 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts131 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QO UT WOS:000318229000046 ER PT J AU Borkovits, T Derekas, A Kiss, LL Kiraly, A Forgacs-Dajka, E Biro, IB Bedding, TR Bryson, ST Huber, D Szabo, R AF Borkovits, T. Derekas, A. Kiss, L. L. Kiraly, A. Forgacs-Dajka, E. Biro, I. B. Bedding, T. R. Bryson, S. T. Huber, D. Szabo, R. TI Dynamical masses, absolute radii and 3D orbits of the triply eclipsing star HD 181068 from Kepler photometry SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual: HD 181068 ID STELLAR EVOLUTION DATABASE; CLOSE BINARY STARS; HIERARCHICAL TRIPLE; CIRCUMBINARY PLANET; TIDAL FRICTION; 3-BODY PROBLEM; SYSTEMS; ALGOL; PERTURBATIONS; GIANT AB HD 181068 is the brighter of the two known triply eclipsing hierarchical triple stars in the Kepler field. It has been continuously observed for more than 2 yr with the Kepler space telescope. Of the nine quarters of the data, three have been obtained in short-cadence mode, that is one point per 58.9 s. Here we analyse this unique data set to determine absolute physical parameters (most importantly the masses and radii) and full orbital configuration using a sophisticated novel approach. We measure eclipse timing variations (ETVs), which are then combined with the single-lined radial velocity measurements to yield masses in a manner equivalent to double-lined spectroscopic binaries. We have also developed a new light-curve synthesis code that is used to model the triple, mutual eclipses and the effects of the changing tidal field on the stellar surface and the relativistic Doppler beaming. By combining the stellar masses from the ETV study with the simultaneous light-curve analysis we determine the absolute radii of the three stars. Our results indicate that the close and the wide subsystems revolve in almost exactly coplanar and prograde orbits. The newly determined parameters draw a consistent picture of the system with such details that have been beyond reach before. C1 [Borkovits, T.; Biro, I. B.] Baja Astron Observ, H-6500 Baja, Szegedi Ut, Hungary. [Borkovits, T.; Derekas, A.; Kiss, L. L.; Kiraly, A.; Szabo, R.] MTA CSFK, Konkoly Observ, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Borkovits, T.; Kiss, L. L.] ELTE Gothard Lendulet Res Grp, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary. [Derekas, A.; Kiss, L. L.; Bedding, T. R.; Huber, D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Kiraly, A.; Forgacs-Dajka, E.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. [Forgacs-Dajka, E.] Univ Vienna, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Bryson, S. T.; Huber, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Borkovits, T (reprint author), Baja Astron Observ, Kt 766, H-6500 Baja, Szegedi Ut, Hungary. EM borko@electra.bajaobs.hu RI Derekas, Aliz/G-2091-2016; OI Derekas, Aliz/0000-0002-6526-9444; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Szabo, Robert/0000-0002-3258-1909; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661 FU Hungarian OTKA [K76816, K83790, MB08C 81013, ESA PECS C98090]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; European Community [269194]; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Hungarian Eotvos fellowship; NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX This project has been supported by the Hungarian OTKA Grants K76816, K83790 and MB08C 81013, ESA PECS C98090, the 'Lendulet-2009' Young Researchers Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 269194. AD and RSz has been supported by the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. AD was supported by the Hungarian Eotvos fellowship. Funding for this Discovery Mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The Kepler Team and the Kepler Guest Observer Office are recognized for helping to make the mission and these data possible. TB thanks Professor R. E. Wilson, Drs. K. Olah and Sz. Csizmadia for the valuable discussions on the questions of light-curve modelling. AD thanks Dr A. Simon for the technical assistance. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 2 BP 1656 EP 1672 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts146 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QO UT WOS:000318229000056 ER PT J AU Benson, AJ Farahi, A Cole, S Moustakas, LA Jenkins, A Lovell, M Kennedy, R Helly, J Frenk, C AF Benson, Andrew J. Farahi, Arya Cole, Shaun Moustakas, Leonidas A. Jenkins, Adrian Lovell, Mark Kennedy, Rachel Helly, John Frenk, Carlos TI Dark matter halo merger histories beyond cold dark matter - I. Methods and application to warm dark matter SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: formation; galaxies: haloes; cosmology: theory; dark matter ID UNIVERSAL DENSITY PROFILE; GALAXY POWER SPECTRUM; MILKY-WAY SATELLITES; MASS SUBSTRUCTURE; DWARF GALAXIES; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; CORES; SIMULATIONS; COSMOLOGY AB We describe a methodology to accurately compute halo mass functions, progenitor mass functions, merger rates and merger trees in non-cold dark matter universes using a self-consistent treatment of the generalized extended Press-Schechter formalism. Our approach permits rapid exploration of the subhalo population of galactic haloes in dark matter models with a variety of different particle properties or universes with rolling, truncated or more complicated power spectra. We make detailed comparisons of analytically derived mass functions and merger histories with recent warm dark matter cosmological N-body simulations, and find excellent agreement. We show that once the accretion of smoothly distributed matter is accounted for, coarse-grained statistics such as the mass accretion history of haloes can be almost indistinguishable between cold and warm dark matter cases. However, the halo mass function and progenitor mass functions differ significantly, with the warm dark matter cases being strongly suppressed below the free-streaming scale of the dark matter. We demonstrate the importance of using the correct solution for the excursion set barrier first-crossing distribution in warm dark matter - if the solution for a flat barrier is used instead, the truncation of the halo mass function is much slower, leading to an overestimate of the number of low-mass haloes. C1 [Benson, Andrew J.] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Farahi, Arya] Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cole, Shaun; Jenkins, Adrian; Lovell, Mark; Kennedy, Rachel; Helly, John; Frenk, Carlos] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Benson, AJ (reprint author), Carnegie Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM abenson@obs.carnegiescience.edu OI Farahi, Arya/0000-0003-0777-4618; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360; Jenkins, Adrian/0000-0003-4389-2232 FU NASA; NASA ATFP program FX We thank Rennan Barkana for supplying results from his calculations of halo collapse in WDM universes, and Annika Peter for invaluable discussions and comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The work of LAM was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. LAM acknowledges support by the NASA ATFP program. NR 99 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 2 BP 1774 EP 1789 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts159 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QO UT WOS:000318229000065 ER PT J AU Smith, EA Leung, HWY Elsner, JB Mehta, AV Tripoli, GJ Casella, D Dietrich, S Mugnai, A Panegrossi, G Sano, P AF Smith, E. A. Leung, H. W. -Y. Elsner, J. B. Mehta, A. V. Tripoli, G. J. Casella, D. Dietrich, S. Mugnai, A. Panegrossi, G. Sano, P. TI Transitioning from CRD to CDRD in Bayesian retrieval of rainfall from satellite passive microwave measurements: Part 3-Identification of optimal meteorological tags SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION PROFILE RETRIEVAL; MILLIMETER-WAVE-PROPAGATION; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SURFACE EMISSIVITY; COMBINED RADAR; CLOUD MODEL; ALGORITHM; ICE; FLUXES AB In the first two parts of this study we have presented a performance analysis of our new Cloud Dynamics and Radiation Database (CDRD) satellite precipitation retrieval algorithm on various convective and stratiform rainfall case studies verified with precision radar ground truth data, and an exposition of the algorithm's detailed design in conjunction with a proof-of-concept analysis vis-a-vis its theoretical underpinnings. In this third part of the study, we present the underlying analysis used to identify what we refer to as the optimal metrological and geophysical tags, which are the optimally effective atmospheric and geographic parameters that are used to refine the selection of candidate microphysical profiles used for the Bayesian retrieval. These tags enable extending beyond the conventional Cloud Radiation Database (CRD) algorithm by invoking meteorological-geophysical guidance, drawn from a simulated database, which affect and are in congruence with the observed precipitation states. This is guidance beyond the restrictive control provided by only simulated radiative transfer equation (RTE) model-derived database brightness temperature (TB) vector proximity information in seeking to relate physically consistent precipitation profile solutions to individual satellite-observed TB vectors. The first two parts of the study have rigorously demonstrated that the optimal tags effectively mitigate against solution ambiguity, where use of only a CRD framework (TB guidance only) leads to pervasive non-uniqueness problems in finding rainfall solutions. Alternatively, a CDRD framework (TB + tag guidance) mitigates against non-uniqueness problems through improved constraints. It remains to show how these optimal tags are identified. By use of three statistical analysis procedures applied to a database from 120 North American atmospheric simulations of precipitating storms (independent of the 60 simulations for the European-Mediterranean basin region used in the Parts 1 and 2 studies), we examine 25 separate dynamical-thermodynamical-hydrological (DST) and geophysical parameters for their relationships to rainfall variables - specifically, surface rain rate and columnar liquid/ice/total water paths of precipitating hydrometeors. The analysis identifies seven optimal parameter tags which exceed all others in the strengths of their correlations to the precipitation variables but also have observational counterparts in the operational global forecast model outputs. The seven optimal tags are (1 and 2) vertical velocities at 700 and 500 hPa; (3) equivalent potential temperature at surface; (4) convective available potential energy; (5) moisture flux 50 hPa above surface; (6) freezing level height; and (7) terrain height, i.e., surface height. C1 [Smith, E. A.] CRCES, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Leung, H. W. -Y.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol MISU, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Elsner, J. B.] Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Mehta, A. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tripoli, G. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci AOS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casella, D.; Dietrich, S.; Mugnai, A.; Panegrossi, G.; Sano, P.] CNR, Italian Natl Res Council, ISAC, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Smith, EA (reprint author), CRCES, HQ Catonsville,MD 21228, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. EM easmith@crces.org RI casella, daniele/E-4389-2013; Panegrossi, Giulia/C-5702-2015; Sano, Paolo/C-7100-2015; Dietrich, Stefano/C-3898-2015 OI casella, daniele/0000-0001-7203-4232; Panegrossi, Giulia/0000-0002-5170-7087; Sano, Paolo/0000-0001-7059-1043; Dietrich, Stefano/0000-0003-3808-365X FU NASA's TRMM-GPM; Florida State University; EUMETSAT through (H-SAF); European Commission; European Community Initiative INTERREG III-B ARCHIMED; Italian Civil Protection Department (DPC); Italian FISR-MIUR through (AEROCLOUDS); Italian Space Agency (ASI) FX Smith and Tripoli, Mehta and Ms. Leung have been supported through NASA's TRMM-GPM science program. Elsner has been supported by Florida State University. Casella, Dietrich, Mugnai, Panegrossi and Sano have been supported by a group of six European research programmes: (1) EUMETSAT through the project "Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management" (H-SAF); (2) by the European Commission Sixth Framework Programme through the project "Observation, Analysis and Modeling of Lightning Activity in Thunderstorms, for use in Short Term Forecasting of Flash Floods" (FLASH); (3) by the European Community Initiative INTERREG III-B ARCHIMED through the project "Weather Risk Reduction in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean" (RISKMED); (4) by the Italian Civil Protection Department (DPC) through the Operative Agreement DPC-ISAC; (5) by the Italian FISR-MIUR Programme "Sustainable Development and Climate Changes" through the project "Aerosol Effects on Clouds and Climate" (AEROCLOUDS); and (6) by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) through the pilot project "Civil Protection from Floods: The Nowcasting". NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1208 DI 10.5194/nhess-13-1185-2013 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 156XO UT WOS:000319857400005 ER PT S AU Stevens, R Lonsdale, C Brock, C Makar, P Knipping, E Reed, M Crawford, J Holloway, J Ryerson, T Huey, LG Nowak, J Pierce, J AF Stevens, Robin Lonsdale, Chantelle Brock, Charles Makar, Paul Knipping, Eladio Reed, Molly Crawford, James Holloway, John Ryerson, Tim Huey, L. Greg Nowak, John Pierce, Jeffrey BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Aerosol Nucleation in Coal-Fired Power-Plant Plumes SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE nucleation; aerosol; cloud condensation nuclei; sulfate; boundary layer; pollution AB New-particle nucleation within coal-fired power-plant plumes can have large effects on particle number concentrations, particularly near source regions, with implications for human health and climate. In order to resolve the formation and growth of particles in these plumes, we have integrated TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics in the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM), a large-eddy simulation/cloud-resolving model (LES/CRM). We have evaluated this model against aircraft observations for three case studies, and the model reproduces well the major features of each case. Using this model, we have shown that meteorology and background aerosol concentrations can have strong effects on new-particle formation and growth in coal-fired power-plant plumes, even if emissions are held constant. We subsequently used the model to evaluate the effects of SO2 and NOx pollution controls on newparticle formation in coal-fired power-plant plumes. We found that strong reductions in NOx emissions without concurrent reductions in SO2 emissions may increase new-particle formation, due to increases in OH formation within the plume. We predicted the change in new-particle formation due to changes in emissions between 1997 and 2010 for 330 coal-fired power plants in the US, and we found a median decrease of 19% in new-particle formation. However, the magnitude and sign of the aerosol changes depend greatly on the relative reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions in each plant. More extensive plume measurements for a range of emissions of SO2 and NOx and in varying background aerosol conditions are needed, however, to better quantify these effects. C1 [Stevens, Robin; Pierce, Jeffrey] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Lonsdale, Chantelle] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA USA. [Brock, Charles; Ryerson, Tim; Nowak, John] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Makar, Paul] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Knipping, Eladio] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Reed, Molly] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Crawford, James] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Huey, L. Greg] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atom Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nowak, John] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pierce, Jeffrey] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atom Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stevens, R (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. RI Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011 OI Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668 FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX This research was funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). We would like to thank Marat Khairoutdinov of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, for access to and help with the System for Atmospheric Modeling. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1063/1.4803292 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400102 ER PT S AU Payra, S Verma, S Prakash, D Kumar, P Soni, M Holben, B AF Payra, Swagata Verma, Sunita Prakash, Divya Kumar, Pramod Soni, Manish Holben, Brent BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Aerosols Properties during Dust-storm Episodes over Jaipur, Northwestern India SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Aerosols; optical properties; dust; number concentration; transport AB Continuous routine aerosol measurements have been carried out at Jaipur (Rajasthan, Northwestern India) since April 2009 with a CIMEL sun photometer integrated in the global Aerosols Robotic Network (AERONET) program. The present study investigates the aerosol properties during dust storm episodes over Jaipur, Northwestern India. A series of high dust storms were identified as indicated by high values of aerosols optical thickness (AOT) with a significant drop in angstrom exponent values (nearly zero and negative). Consequently, a progressive increase in Single Scattering Albedo (SSA(440) (nm) = 0.89, SSA(675) (nm) = 0.95, SSA(870) (nm) = 0.97, SSA(1020 nm) = 0.976) suggests more scattering nature of regional aerosols associated with abundant dust loading. Trajectories back in time showed that the air collected in Jaipur during dust period originated from desert regions in the western part of India. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the mean AOT derived from satellite data and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis helped to understand the source region of these particles. C1 [Payra, Swagata; Verma, Sunita; Prakash, Divya; Soni, Manish] Extens Ctr Jaipur, Birla Inst Technol Mesra, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India. [Kumar, Pramod] IISC, Cent Atom & Ocean Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Payra, S (reprint author), Extens Ctr Jaipur, Birla Inst Technol Mesra, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India. RI Kumar, Pramod/C-8137-2012 OI Kumar, Pramod/0000-0003-4528-1515 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX CIMEL Sunphotometer at BIT, Jaipur site is supported under AERONET network by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The authors thank the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and website http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php used in this publication. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1063/1.4803319 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400128 ER PT S AU Axisa, D Wilson, JC Reeves, JM Schmitt, C Heymsfield, A Minnis, P Kramer, M Lawson, P Avallone, L Sayres, D AF Axisa, Duncan Wilson, James C. Reeves, John M. Schmitt, Carl Heymsfield, Andrew Minnis, Patrick Kraemer, Martina Lawson, Paul Avallone, Linnea Sayres, David BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI New Particle Formation In, Around and Out of Ice Clouds in MACPEX SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE new particle formation; tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol ID UPPER TROPOSPHERE AB The MACPEX mission permitted observation of aerosol size distributions, cloud particles and water vapor in and around clouds in the mid-latitude upper troposphere. The NMASS consists of 5 condensation particle counters (CPCs) operating in parallel. The 5 CPCs have 50% lower size detection efficiency diameter of 5.3 nm, 8.4 nm, 15 nm, 30 nm and 53 nm. The mixing ratio of particles between 4 to 8 nm is an indicator of newly formed particles. Regions of new particle formation were observed inside and near clouds in the altitude range from 10 to 14 km. In this abstract we describe the methodology used to identify new particle formation events in and around clouds and examine the intensity and spatial coverage of these newly formed particles in relation to cloud. C1 [Axisa, Duncan; Wilson, James C.] Univ Denver, 2390 S York St, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Axisa, Duncan; Reeves, John M.; Schmitt, Carl; Heymsfield, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kraemer, Martina] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Julich, Germany. [Lawson, Paul] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Avallone, Linnea] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Sayres, David] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Axisa, D (reprint author), Univ Denver, 2390 S York St, Denver, CO 80208 USA. FU NASA FX Supported by NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program and Radiation Sciences Program. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1063/1.4803336 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400144 ER PT S AU Igel, AL van den Heever, SC Naud, CM Saleeby, SM Posselt, DJ AF Igel, Adele L. van den Heever, Susan C. Naud, Catherine M. Saleeby, Stephen M. Posselt, Derek J. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Impacts of Cloud Condensation Nuclei on Deep Stratus Clouds SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Cloud condensation nuclei; Aerosol indirect effects; Cloud processes ID PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM; RAMS AB Simulations of a warm front associated with a deep, mixed-phase stratus cloud were performed with three different background cloud-nucleating aerosol profiles representative of clean, moderate, and polluted environments using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. While significant changes were seen in the cloud microphysical processes, the total precipitation reaching the surface only varied by 2% across the three simulations. This result arose from two buffering processes in the mixed-phase cloud. First, in the more polluted simulations, decreased riming of cloud water was compensated by increased vapor deposition onto ice leading to small changes in ice content and hence melting. Second, autoconversion of cloud droplets to rain was suppressed, but collection of cloud water by rain drops, which were primarily produced through melting, increased due to increased cloud water content in the more polluted simulations. C1 [Igel, Adele L.; van den Heever, Susan C.; Saleeby, Stephen M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Naud, Catherine M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Posselt, Derek J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Igel, AL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Posselt, Derek/I-4912-2012 OI Posselt, Derek/0000-0002-5670-5822 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 732 EP 734 DI 10.1063/1.4803374 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400182 ER PT S AU Zhang, K Liu, XH Yoon, JH Wang, MH Comstock, JM Barahona, D Kooperman, G AF Zhang, Kai Liu, Xiaohong Yoon, Jin-Ho Wang, Minghuai Comstock, Jennifer M. Barahona, Donifan Kooperman, Gabriel BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Assessing Aerosol Indirect Effect through Ice Clouds in CAM5 SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Cirrus clouds; vertical velocity; ice nucleation AB Ice clouds play an important role in regulating the Earth's radiative budget and influencing the hydrological cycle. Aerosols can act as solution droplets or ice nuclei for ice crystal formation, thus affecting the physical properties of ice clouds. Because the related dynamical and microphysical processes happen at very small spatial and temporal scales, it is a great challenge to accurately represent them in global climate models. Consequently, the aerosol indirect effect through ice clouds (ice AIE) estimated by global climate models is associated with large uncertainties. In order to better understand these processes and improve ice cloud parameterization in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5 (CAM5), we analyze in-situ measurements from various research campaigns, and use the derived statistical information to evaluate and constrain the model [1]. We also make use of new model capabilities (prescribed aerosols and nudging) to estimate the aerosol indirect effect through ice clouds, and quantify the uncertainties associated with ice nucleation processes. In this study, a new approach is applied to separate the impact of aerosols on warm and cold clouds by using the prescribed-aerosol capability in CAM5 [2]. This capability allows a single simulation to simultaneously include up to three aerosol fields: online calculated, as well as prescribed pre-industrial (PI) and present-day conditions (PD). In a set of sensitivity simulations, we use the same aerosol fields to drive droplet activation in warm clouds, and different (PD and PI) conditions for different components of the ice nucleation parameterization in pure ice clouds, so as to investigate various ice nucleation mechanisms in an isolated manner. We also applied nudging in our simulations, which helps to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in much shorter simulation period [3] and isolate the impact of aerosols on ice clouds from other factors, such as temperature and relative humidity change. The results show that homogeneous ice nucleation is the main contributor that leads to strong longwave ice AIE in this model. The estimated PD-PI longwave cloud forcing (LWCF) change is strongly sensitive to the simulated sub-grid updraft velocity. Considering the effect of pre-existing ice crystals on ice nucleation can help to significantly reduce the LWCF change. In comparison, the effect of heterogeneous ice nuclei spectra is relatively small, although the perturbations in the LWCF and shortwave cloud forcing are still non-negligible. C1 [Zhang, Kai; Liu, Xiaohong; Yoon, Jin-Ho; Wang, Minghuai; Comstock, Jennifer M.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richand, WA USA. [Barahona, Donifan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kooperman, Gabriel] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceang, San Diego, CA USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richand, WA USA. RI Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010 OI Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 751 EP 751 DI 10.1063/1.4803379 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400187 ER PT S AU Raatikainen, T Nenes, A Seinfeld, JH Morales, R Moore, RH Lathem, TL Lance, S Padro, LT Lin, JJ Cerully, KM Bougiatioti, A Cozic, J Ruehl, C Chuang, PY Anderson, BE Flagan, RC Jonsson, H Mihalopoulos, N Smith, JN AF Raatikainen, T. Nenes, A. Seinfeld, J. H. Morales, R. Moore, R. H. Lathem, T. L. Lance, S. Padro, L. T. Lin, J. J. Cerully, K. M. Bougiatioti, A. Cozic, J. Ruehl, C. Chuang, P. Y. Anderson, B. E. Flagan, R. C. Jonsson, H. Mihalopoulos, N. Smith, J. N. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Constraining the Water Vapor Uptake Coefficient in Ambient Cloud Droplet Formation SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Water uptake; kinetics; droplet formation ID SIZE-RESOLVED CCN; ACTIVATION KINETICS; GROWTH-KINETICS; HYGROSCOPICITY; AEROSOL; ENVIRONMENT; CHAMBER AB Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, alpha(c). Estimates of alpha(c) for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. An analysis of ten globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei is used to constrain alpha(c), and find that rapid activation kinetics (alpha(c) > 0.1) is uniformly prevalent. This means that uncertainty in water vapor accommodation on droplets is less than previously thought and resolves a long-standing issue in cloud physics. C1 [Raatikainen, T.; Nenes, A.; Morales, R.; Lathem, T. L.; Lance, S.; Lin, J. J.; Bougiatioti, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Raatikainen, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Nenes, A.; Moore, R. H.; Padro, L. T.; Cerully, K. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.; Mihalopoulos, N.] Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Fdn Res & Technol, Patras GR-71110, Greece. [Seinfeld, J. H.; Flagan, R. C.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.; Flagan, R. C.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Moore, R. H.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lathem, T. L.] Phillips Res Ctr 66, Bartlesville, OK 74003 USA. [Lance, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lance, S.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO 8030 USA. [Padro, L. T.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Bougiatioti, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion GR-71003, Greece. [Cozic, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cozic, J.] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 Grenoble, France. [Ruehl, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chuang, P. Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jonsson, H.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Raatikainen, T (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016 OI Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896 FU Finnish Cultural Foundation; Georgia Tech Institute Fellowships; NCAR ASP; NASA; DOE Global Change Education Fellowship; NASA ESS Fellowships; NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF; DOE; Electric Power Research Institute; NSF-CAREER; NOAA FX We acknowledge support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation, Georgia Tech Institute Fellowships, a NCAR ASP Graduate Fellowship, the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program, a DOE Global Change Education Fellowship, NASA ESS Fellowships, a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship, and a NSF Fellowship. Funding from the DOE, the Electric Power Research Institute, a NSF-CAREER award, NOAA and NASA is also acknowledged. We thank Dr. Xiaohong Liu for advice on using the CAM 5, Charles Brock from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory and the NASA Langley LARGE research team. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 812 EP 816 DI 10.1063/1.4803395 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400203 ER PT J AU Melin, F Zibordi, G Carlund, T Holben, BN Stefan, S AF Melin, Frederic Zibordi, Giuseppe Carlund, Thomas Holben, Brent N. Stefan, Sabina TI Validation of SeaWiFS and MODIS Aqua/Terra aerosol products in coastal regions of European marginal seas SO OCEANOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; Ocean colour; AERONET; Validation; European seas ID OCEAN-COLOR PRODUCTS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; BALTIC SEA; AERONET; THICKNESS; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL AB The aerosol products associated with the ocean colour missions SeaWiFS and MODIS (both Aqua and Terra) are assessed with AERONET field measurements collected in four European marginal seas for which fairly large uncertainties in ocean colour in-water products have been documented: the northern Adriatic, the Baltic, Black and North Seas. On average, more than 500 match-ups are found for each basin and satellite mission, showing an overall consistency of validation statistics across the three missions. The median absolute relative difference between satellite and field values of aerosol optical thickness tau(a) at 443 nm varies from 12% to 15% for the three missions at the northern Adriatic and Black Sea sites, and from 13% to -26% for the Baltic and North Sea sites. It is in the interval 16-31% for the near-infrared band. The spectral shape of tau(a) is well reproduced with a median bias of the Angstrom exponent varying between -15% and +14%, which represents a clear improvement with respect to previous versions of the atmospheric correction scheme. These results show that the uncertainty associated with tau(a) in the considered coastal waters of the European marginal seas is comparable to global validation statistics. C1 [Melin, Frederic; Zibordi, Giuseppe] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Carlund, Thomas] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, SE-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Holben, Brent N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stefan, Sabina] Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest 077125, Romania. RP Melin, F (reprint author), European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, TP272, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. RI Stefan, Sabina/C-8814-2015; OI Stefan, Sabina/0000-0002-1948-8566 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST OCEANOLOGY PI SOPOT PA POWSTANCOW WASZAWY 55, PL-81-712 SOPOT, POLAND SN 0078-3234 J9 OCEANOLOGIA JI Oceanologia PY 2013 VL 55 IS 1 BP 27 EP 51 DI 10.5697/oc.55-1.027 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 156SG UT WOS:000319843600003 ER PT B AU Way, MJ AF Way, Michael J. BA Way, MJ Hunter, D BF Way, MJ Hunter, D TI Dismantling Hubble's Legacy? SO ORIGINS OF THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE: 1912-1932 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Origins of the Expanding Universe 1912-1932 CY SEP 13-15, 2012 CL Flagstaff, AZ ID EXTRA-GALACTIC NEBULAE; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SPIRAL NEBULA; STELLAR-SYSTEM; SPACE-TIME; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; MESSIER 33; CURVATURE; LUMINOSITY; MAGNITUDES AB Edwin Hubble is famous for a number of discoveries that are well known to amateur and professional astronomers, students and the general public. The origins of these discoveries are examined and it is demonstrated that, in each case, a great deal of supporting evidence was already in place. In some cases the discoveries had either already been made, or competing versions were not adopted for complex scientific and sociological reasons. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Way, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 239 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-826-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 471 BP 97 EP 132 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFJ27 UT WOS:000320095400007 ER PT J AU Nikitin, AV Boudon, V Wenger, C Albert, S Brown, LR Bauerecker, S Quack, M AF Nikitin, A. V. Boudon, V. Wenger, Ch. Albert, S. Brown, L. R. Bauerecker, S. Quack, M. TI High resolution spectroscopy and the first global analysis of the Tetradecad region of methane (CH4)-C-12 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY LEVELS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; DIPOLE-MOMENT; MU-M; CH CHROMOPHORE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; SPHERICAL TENSORS; DAYSIDE SPECTRUM AB We present the first detailed analysis of the infrared spectrum of methane (CH4)-C-12 in the so-called Tetradecad region from 2.1 to 1.6 mu m (4760-6250 cm(-1)). New experimental high resolution FTIR spectra at 78 K and at room temperature combined with improved theoretical modeling have allowed quantum assignments to be greatly extended in this region. A global fit of all assigned lines of (CH4)-C-12 in the 0-6200 cm(-1) region has been performed. In the end, 3012 line positions and 1387 intensities of 45 individual subbands of the Tetradecad were modeled up to J = 14. The root mean square deviations were 0.023 cm(-1) for line positions and 13.86% for line intensities in the Tetradecad region itself. Although this analysis is still preliminary, it is already sufficient to characterize the stronger bands throughout the whole of the Tetradecad. The calculated integrated intensity of the polyad is 1.399 x 10(-19) cm(-1)/(molecule cm(-2)) at 296 K. A "definitive" theoretical modeling of this spectral region of methane requires further work, but the present success substantially improves our understanding of methane spectroscopy as needed to interpret planetary atmospheres. Lines pertaining to three-fourths of the 60 sub-vibrational bands in this polyad have been assigned. C1 [Nikitin, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Lab Theoret Spect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Nikitin, A. V.] Univ Reims, CNRS, Lab GSMA, UMR 6089, F-51687 Reims 2, France. [Boudon, V.; Wenger, Ch.] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, UMR 6303, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Albert, S.; Bauerecker, S.; Quack, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Brown, L. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bauerecker, S.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Nikitin, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Lab Theoret Spect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. EM Vincent.Boudon@u-bourgogne.fr RI BOUDON, Vincent/A-4504-2010; Nikitin, Andrei/K-2624-2013; Quack, Martin/H-4457-2016 OI Nikitin, Andrei/0000-0002-4280-4096; FU French ANR [BLAN08-2_321467]; VAMDC; "Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions" Funding Scheme of The Seventh Framework Program [239108VB]; "Pole de Sciences Planetaires" of Bourgogne Franche-Comte; "SpecMo" GdR of the CNRS [3152]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; ETH; Swiss National Science Foundation FX This work is part of the French ANR contract "CH4Titan" (ref: BLAN08-2_321467). It has also been partly supported by VAMDC, which is funded under the "Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions" Funding Scheme of The Seventh Framework Program (all topic: INFRA-2008-1.2.2 Scientific Data Infrastructure. Grant Agreement number: 239108VB). We also acknowledge the support of the "Pole de Sciences Planetaires" of Bourgogne Franche-Comte and the "SpecMo" GdR number 3152 of the CNRS. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The new cold spectra analysed were taken at the laboratory of Physical Chemistry ETH Zurich. Financial support from ETH and the Swiss National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. NR 129 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 25 BP 10071 EP 10093 DI 10.1039/c3cp50799h PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 158BJ UT WOS:000319943200010 PM 23714852 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Ting, DZ Rafol, SB Soibel, A Khoshakhlagh, A Hill, C Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Keo, SA AF Gunapala, S. D. Ting, D. Z. Rafol, S. B. Soibel, A. Khoshakhlagh, A. Hill, C. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Keo, S. A. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Modulation Transfer Function Measurements of QWIP and Superlattice Focal Plane Arrays SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices X CY FEB 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE QWIPs; superlattices; infrared detectors; focal plane arrays; modulation transfer function AB Modulation transfer function (MTF) is the ability of an imaging system to faithfully image a given object. The MTF of an imaging system quantifies the ability of the system to resolve or transfer spatial frequencies. In this presentation we will discuss the detail MTF measurements of 1024x1024 pixels multi-band quantum well infrared photodetector and 320x256 pixels long-wavelength InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared focal plane arrays. C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Ting, D. Z.; Rafol, S. B.; Soibel, A.; Khoshakhlagh, A.; Hill, C.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Keo, S. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Sensors, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Sensors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9400-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8631 AR UNSP 86310S DI 10.1117/12.2009121 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BFG30 UT WOS:000319759100013 ER PT S AU Soibel, A Luong, E Mumolo, JM Liu, J Rafol, B Keo, SA Johnson, W Willson, D Hill, CJ Ting, DZY Gunapala, SD AF Soibel, Alexander Luong, Ed Mumolo, Jason M. Liu, John Rafol, B. Keo, Sam A. Johnson, William Willson, Dan Hill, Cory J. Ting, David Z. -Y. Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Multi-color QWIP FPAs for Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Instruments SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices X CY FEB 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE infrared detectors; infrared FPA; Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs) ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; BROAD-BAND; WAVELENGTH AB Infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) covering broad mid- and long-IR spectral ranges are the central parts of the spectroscopic and imaging instruments in several Earth and planetary science missions. To be implemented in the space instrument these FPAs need to be large-format, uniform, reproducible, low-cost, low 1/f noise, and radiation hard. Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs), which possess all needed characteristics, have a great potential for implementation in the space instruments. However a standard QWIP has only a relatively narrow spectral coverage. A multi-color QWIP, which is compromised of two or more detector stacks, can to be used to cover the broad spectral range of interest. We will discuss our recent work on development of multi-color QWIP for Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer instruments. We developed QWIP compromising of two stacks centered at 9 and 10.5 mu m, and featuring 9 grating regions optimized to maximize the responsivity in the individual subbands across the 7.5-12 mu m spectral range. The demonstrated 1024x1024 QWIP FPA exhibited excellent performance with operability exceeding 99% and noise equivalent differential temperature of less than 15 mK across the entire 7.5-12 mu m spectral range. C1 [Soibel, Alexander; Luong, Ed; Mumolo, Jason M.; Liu, John; Rafol, B.; Keo, Sam A.; Johnson, William; Willson, Dan; Hill, Cory J.; Ting, David Z. -Y.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Soibel, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Alexander.Soibel@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9400-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8631 AR UNSP 86310R DI 10.1117/12.2003323 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BFG30 UT WOS:000319759100012 ER PT J AU Yang, X Chang, ASP Chen, B Gu, C Bond, TC AF Yang, Xuan Chang, Allan S. P. Chen, Bin Gu, Claire Bond, Tiziana C. TI High sensitivity gas sensing by Raman spectroscopy in photonic crystal fiber SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Fiber sensor; Photonic crystal fiber; Raman spectroscopy; Gas sensing ID SCATTERING; AIR AB We report the highly sensitive Raman detection of various gases (ambient nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) and vapors (toluene, acetone, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) using a hollow core photonic crystal fiber probe. With a sensitivity enhancement of around 3 orders of magnitude over direct detection, the minimum instrumentation-limited detectable concentrations for toluene, acetone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane vapors are 0.04%, 0.01%, 1.2%, respectively, with a 30 cm-long fiber probe. Moreover, we demonstrate its multiplexed sensing capability quantitatively using a vapor mixture. This combination of Raman spectroscopy and photonic crystal fiber provides a promising platform for gas sensing in environmental control applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Xuan; Chang, Allan S. P.; Bond, Tiziana C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Yang, Xuan; Chen, Bin; Gu, Claire] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chen, Bin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Studies Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gu, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM claire@soe.ucsc.edu; bond7@llnl.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-0823921]; Lawrence Scholar Program at LLNL; U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-561331] FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), ECCS-0823921. X.Y. acknowledges financial support by the Lawrence Scholar Program at LLNL. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-561331. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 176 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2012.09.004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 157AM UT WOS:000319867500010 ER PT B AU Hwu, SU Rhodes, BA deSilva, BK Sham, CC Keiser, JR AF Hwu, Shian U. Rhodes, Bryan A. deSilva, B. Kanishka Sham, Catherine C. Keiser, James R. GP IEEE TI RF Exposure Analysis for Multiple Wi-Fi Devices In Enclosed Environment SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM (SAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) CY FEB 19-21, 2013 CL Galveston, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE RF exposure; metallic enclosure; Wi-Fi device; WLAN; Acess Point; Laptop; Tablet; Computational Electromagnetics; propagation AB Wi-Fi devices operated inside a metallic enclosure have been investigation in the recent years. A motivation for this study is to investigate wave propagation inside an enclosed environment such as elevator, car, aircraft, and spacecraft. There are performances and safety concerns when RF transmitters are used inside a metallic enclosed environment. In this paper, the field distributions inside a closed metallic room were investigated with multiple portable Wi-Fi devices. Computer simulations were performed using rigorous computational electromagnetics (CEM). The method of moments (MoM) was used to model the mutual coupling among antennas. The geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) was applied for the multiple reflections off the floor and walls. The prediction of the field distribution inside such an environment is useful for the planning and deployment of a wireless radio and sensor system. Factors that affect the field strengths and distributions of radio waves in confined space were analyzed. The results could be used to evaluate the RF exposure safety in confined environment. By comparing the field distributions for various scenarios, it was observed that the Wi-Fi device count, spacing between the devices and relative locations in the room are important factors in the deployment of these devices. The RF Keep Out Zone (KOZ), where the electric field strengths exceed the permissible RF exposure limit, could be used to assess the RF human exposure compliance. This study shows, it's possible to maximize or minimize field intensity in specific area by arranging the Wi-Fi devices as a function of the relative location and spacing. C1 [Hwu, Shian U.] Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rhodes, Bryan A.; deSilva, B. Kanishka] Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX USA. [Sham, Catherine C.; Keiser, James R.] NASA, Johnson Space Cetr, NASA JSC EV, Houston, TX USA. RP Hwu, SU (reprint author), Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Shian.u.hwu@nasa.gov; Catherine.C.Sham@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4635-1; 978-1-4673-4636-8 PY 2013 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFE30 UT WOS:000319392200020 ER PT B AU Hwu, SU deSilva, KB Jih, CT AF Hwu, Shian U. deSilva, Kanishka B. Jih, Cindy T. GP IEEE TI Terahertz (THz) Wireless Systems for Space Applications SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM (SAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) CY FEB 19-21, 2013 CL Galveston, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE Terahertz (THz) communications; wireless communication; link analysis; Multi-Gigabits data rate; International Space Station ID COMMUNICATION; FUTURE AB NASA has been leading the Terahertz (THz) technology development for the sensors and instruments in astronomy in the past 20 years. THz technologies are expanding into much broader applications in recent years. Due to the vast available multiple gigahertz (GHz) broad bandwidths, THz radios offer the possibility for wireless transmission of high data rates. Multi-Gigabits per second (MGbps) broadband wireless access based on THz waves are closer to reality. The THz signal high atmosphere attenuation could significantly decrease the communication ranges and transmittable data rates for the ground systems. Contrary to the THz applications on the ground, the space applications in the atmosphere free environment do not suffer the atmosphere attenuation. The manufacturing technologies for the THz electronic components are advancing and maturing. There is great potential for the NASA future high data wireless applications in environments with difficult cabling and size/weight constraints. In this study, the THz wireless systems for potential space applications were investigated. The applicability of THz systems for space applications was analyzed. The link analysis indicates that MGbps data rates are achievable with compact sized high gain antennas. C1 [Hwu, Shian U.] Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [deSilva, Kanishka B.] Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Jih, Cindy T.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, NASA JSC EV6, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Hwu, SU (reprint author), Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Shian.u.hwu@nasa.gov; Cindy.T.Jih@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4635-1; 978-1-4673-4636-8 PY 2013 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFE30 UT WOS:000319392200033 ER PT J AU Varnai, T Marshak, A Yang, W AF Varnai, T. Marshak, A. Yang, W. TI Multi-satellite aerosol observations in the vicinity of clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; OCEAN; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; TERRA; CERES; AQUA AB Improved characterization of aerosol properties in the vicinity of clouds is important for better understanding two critical aspects of climate: aerosol-cloud interactions and the direct radiative effect of aerosols. Satellite measurements have provided important insights into aerosol properties near clouds, but also suggested that the observations can be affected by 3-D radiative processes and instrument blurring not considered in current data interpretation methods. This study examines systematic cloud-related changes in particle properties and radiation fields that influence satellite measurements of aerosols in the vicinity of low-level maritime clouds. For this, the paper presents a statistical analysis of a yearlong global dataset of co-located MODIS and CALIOP observations and theoretical simulations. The results reveal that CALIOP-observed aerosol particle size and optical thickness, and MODIS-observed solar reflectance increase systematically in a wide transition zone around clouds. It is estimated that near-cloud changes in particle populations - including both aerosols and undetected cloud particles - are responsible for roughly two thirds of the observed increase in 0.55 mu m MODIS reflectance. The results also indicate that 3-D radiative processes significantly contribute to near-cloud reflectance enhancements, while instrument blurring contributes significantly only within 1 km from clouds and then quickly diminishes with distance from clouds. C1 [Varnai, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Varnai, T.; Marshak, A.; Yang, W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yang, W.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Varnai, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM tamas.varnai@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA CALIPSO project FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring and by the NASA CALIPSO project supervised by Charles Trepte as the technical officer. We are grateful to Robert Levy for giving us the Collection 6 version of the operational MODIS aerosol retrieval code. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 3899 EP 3908 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3899-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300002 ER PT J AU Wohltmann, I Wegner, T Muller, R Lehmann, R Rex, M Manney, GL Santee, ML Bernath, P Suminska-Ebersoldt, O Stroh, F von Hobe, M Volk, CM Hosen, E Ravegnani, F Ulanovsky, A Yushkov, V AF Wohltmann, I. Wegner, T. Mueller, R. Lehmann, R. Rex, M. Manney, G. L. Santee, M. L. Bernath, P. Suminska-Ebersoldt, O. Stroh, F. von Hobe, M. Volk, C. M. Hoesen, E. Ravegnani, F. Ulanovsky, A. Yushkov, V. TI Uncertainties in modelling heterogeneous chemistry and Arctic ozone depletion in the winter 2009/2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD; NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; LARGE HNO3-CONTAINING PARTICLES; SULFURIC-ACID; LAGRANGIAN CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE ACTIVATION; REACTIVE UPTAKE; ACE-FTS; HCL; CLONO2 AB Stratospheric chemistry and denitrification are simulated for the Arctic winter 2009/2010 with the Lagrangian Chemistry and Transport Model ATLAS. A number of sensitivity runs is used to explore the impact of uncertainties in chlorine activation and denitrification on the model results. In particular, the efficiency of chlorine activation on different types of liquid aerosol versus activation on nitric acid trihydrate clouds is examined. Additionally, the impact of changes in reaction rate coefficients, in the particle number density of polar stratospheric clouds, in supersaturation, temperature or the extent of denitrification is investigated. Results are compared to satellite measurements of MLS and ACE-FTS and to in-situ measurements onboard the Geophysica aircraft during the RECONCILE measurement campaign. It is shown that even large changes in the underlying assumptions have only a small impact on the modelled ozone loss, even though they can cause considerable differences in chemical evolution of other species and in denitrification. Differences in column ozone between the sensitivity runs stay below 10% at the end of the winter. Chlorine activation on liquid aerosols alone is able to explain the observed magnitude and morphology of the mixing ratios of active chlorine, reservoir gases and ozone. This is even true for binary aerosols (no uptake of HNO3 from the gas-phase allowed in the model). Differences in chlorine activation between sensitivity runs are within 30 %. Current estimates of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) number density and supersaturation imply that, at least for this winter, NAT clouds play a relatively small role compared to liquid clouds in chlorine activation. The change between different reaction rate coefficients for liquid or solid clouds has only a minor impact on ozone loss and chlorine activation in our sensitivity runs. C1 [Wohltmann, I.; Lehmann, R.; Rex, M.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Wegner, T.; Mueller, R.; Stroh, F.; von Hobe, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Manney, G. L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Socorro, NM USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Santee, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bernath, P.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Bernath, P.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Suminska-Ebersoldt, O.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Volk, C. M.; Hoesen, E.] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. [Ravegnani, F.] ISAC CNR, Bologna, Italy. [Ulanovsky, A.; Yushkov, V.] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia. RP Wohltmann, I (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. EM ingo.wohltmann@awi.de RI Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Ravegnani, Fabrizio/A-7800-2009; Wohltmann, Ingo/C-1301-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012 OI Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Ravegnani, Fabrizio/0000-0003-0735-9297; von Hobe, Marc/0000-0001-6034-6562; Stroh, Fred/0000-0002-4492-2977; Wohltmann, Ingo/0000-0003-4606-6788; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency; EC DG research through the RECONCILE project [RECONCILE-226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1]; SHIVA project [SHIVA-226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1] FX We thank ECMWF for providing reanalysis data, Nathaniel Livesey and the MLS science team at JPL for their support, the ACE team for providing ACE-FTS data, and Anu Dudhia and the University of Oxford for the MIPAS data. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission is funded mainly by the Canadian Space Agency. Work at AWI, FZ Julich and University of Wuppertal was supported by the EC DG research through the RECONCILE project (RECONCILE-226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1) and work at AWI was additionally supported by the SHIVA project (SHIVA-226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1). NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 3909 EP 3929 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3909-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300003 ER PT J AU Bowman, KW Shindell, DT Worden, HM Lamarque, JF Young, PJ Stevenson, DS Qu, Z de la Torre, M Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, PJ Collins, WJ Doherty, R Dalsoren, SB Faluvegi, G Folberth, G Horowitz, LW Josse, BM Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Myhre, G Nagashima, T Naik, V Plummer, DA Rumbold, ST Skeie, RB Strode, SA Sudo, K Szopa, S Voulgarakis, A Zeng, G Kulawik, SS Aghedo, AM Worden, JR AF Bowman, K. W. Shindell, D. T. Worden, H. M. Lamarque, J. F. Young, P. J. Stevenson, D. S. Qu, Z. de la Torre, M. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. J. Collins, W. J. Doherty, R. Dalsoren, S. B. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. Horowitz, L. W. Josse, B. M. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Myhre, G. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Plummer, D. A. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. B. Strode, S. A. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Voulgarakis, A. Zeng, G. Kulawik, S. S. Aghedo, A. M. Worden, J. R. TI Evaluation of ACCMIP outgoing longwave radiation from tropospheric ozone using TES satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES; NADIR RETRIEVALS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; ZONAL STRUCTURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB We use simultaneous observations of tropospheric ozone and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) sensitivity to tropospheric ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) to evaluate model tropospheric ozone and its effect on OLR simulated by a suite of chemistry-climate models that participated in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). The ensemble mean of ACCMIP models show a persistent but modest tropospheric ozone low bias (5-20 ppb) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and modest high bias (5-10 ppb) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) relative to TES ozone for 2005-2010. These ozone biases have a significant impact on the OLR. Using TES instantaneous radiative kernels (IRK), we show that the ACCMIP ensemble mean tropospheric ozone low bias leads up to 120 mW m(-2) OLR high bias locally but zonally compensating errors reduce the global OLR high bias to 39 +/- 41 mW m(-2) relative to TES data. We show that there is a correlation (R-2 = 0.59) between the magnitude of the ACCMIP OLR bias and the deviation of the ACCMIP preindustrial to present day (1750-2010) ozone radiative forcing (RF) from the ensemble ozone RF mean. However, this correlation is driven primarily by models whose absolute OLR bias from tropospheric ozone exceeds 100 mW m(-2). Removing these models leads to a mean ozone radiative forcing of 394 +/- 42 mW m(-2). The mean is about the same and the standard deviation is about 30% lower than an ensemble ozone RF of 384 +/- 60 mW m(-2) derived from 14 of the 16 ACCMIP models reported in a companion ACCMIP study. These results point towards a profitable direction of combining satellite observations and chemistry-climate model simulations to reduce uncertainty in ozone radiative forcing. C1 [Bowman, K. W.; de la Torre, M.; Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Worden, H. M.; Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Stevenson, D. S.; Doherty, R.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Qu, Z.] Raytheon Intelligence & Informat Syst, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Collins, W. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.; Myhre, G.; Skeie, R. B.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res, Oslo, Norway. [Folberth, G.; Rumbold, S. T.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Josse, B. M.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Columbia, MD USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 90034 USA. [Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Aghedo, A. M.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. RP Bowman, KW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010 OI Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887 FU NASA; National Science Foundation; NASA Aura ROSES program; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; US Dept. of Energy (BER) under LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; DECC [GA01101]; Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; cross UK research council [NE/I008063/1]; NASA MAP program; NASA ACMAP program FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The TES monthly ozone and IRK dataset was developed using techniques from the obs4MIP activity (http://obs4mips.llnl.gov:8080/wiki/); The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; KB and HW acknowledges the support of the NASA Aura ROSES program. KB also acknowledges some useful codes from Adetutu Aghedo and Rachel Hodos in the initial processing of TES data to netcdf files.; ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP).; The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy.; GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation.; The work of DB and PC was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; Ghan was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.; W. J. Collins, G. A. Folberth, F. O'Connor and S. T. Rumbold were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101).; The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division.; The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.; The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS).; DS and Y. H. Lee acknowledges support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4057 EP 4072 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4057-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300009 ER PT J AU Li, Z Zang, Z Li, QB Chao, Y Chen, D Ye, Z Liu, Y Liou, KN AF Li, Z. Zang, Z. Li, Q. B. Chao, Y. Chen, D. Ye, Z. Liu, Y. Liou, K. N. TI A three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for multiple aerosol species with WRF/Chem and an application to PM2.5 prediction SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-INTERPOLATION; ERROR STATISTICS; MODELING SYSTEM; RETRIEVALS; CHEMISTRY; SMOOTHER; DYNAMICS; MODULE; SCHEME; OZONE AB A three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3-DVAR) algorithm for aerosols in a WRF/Chem model is presented. The WRF/Chem model uses the MOSAIC (Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry) scheme, which explicitly treats eight major species (elemental/black carbon, organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, ammonium, sodium and the sum of other inorganic, inert mineral and metal species) and represents size distributions using a sectional method with four size bins. The 3-DVAR scheme is formulated to take advantage of the MOSAIC scheme in providing comprehensive analyses of species concentrations and size distributions. To treat the large number of state variables associated with the MOSAIC scheme, this 3-DVAR algorithm first determines the analysis increments of the total mass concentrations of the eight species, defined as the sum of the mass concentrations across all size bins, and then distributes the analysis increments over four size bins according to the background error variances. The number concentrations for each size bin are adjusted based on the ratios between the mass and number concentrations of the background state. Additional flexibility is incorporated to further lump the eight mass concentrations, and five lumped species are used in the application presented. The system is evaluated using the analysis and prediction of PM2.5 in the Los Angeles basin during the CalNex 2010 field experiment, with assimilation of surface PM2.5 and speciated concentration observations. The results demonstrate that the data assimilation significantly reduces the errors in comparison with a simulation without data assimilation and improved forecasts of the concentrations of PM2.5 as well as individual species for up to 24 h. Some implementation difficulties and limitations of the system are discussed. C1 [Li, Z.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Li, Z.; Zang, Z.; Li, Q. B.; Chao, Y.; Chen, D.; Ye, Z.; Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Li, Q. B.; Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Liu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chao, Y.] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM zhijin.li@jpl.nasa.gov RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); US Department of Energy Earth System Modelling (ESM) programme via the FASTER project; JPL Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF); NASA from the Atmospheric Chemistry Modelling and Analysis Programme (ACMAP) [NNX09AF07G, NNX08AF64G] FX The research described in this publication was carried out, in part, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This research was supported in part by the US Department of Energy Earth System Modelling (ESM) programme via the FASTER project http://www.bnl.gov/faster/, the JPL Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF), and NASA grants NNX09AF07G and NNX08AF64G from the Atmospheric Chemistry Modelling and Analysis Programme (ACMAP). The careful and constructive reviews by two anonymous referees are highly appreciated. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4265 EP 4278 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4265-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300020 ER PT J AU Newman, S Jeong, S Fischer, ML Xu, X Haman, CL Lefer, B Alvarez, S Rappenglueck, B Kort, EA Andrews, AE Peischl, J Gurney, KR Miller, CE Yung, YL AF Newman, S. Jeong, S. Fischer, M. L. Xu, X. Haman, C. L. Lefer, B. Alvarez, S. Rappenglueck, B. Kort, E. A. Andrews, A. E. Peischl, J. Gurney, K. R. Miller, C. E. Yung, Y. L. TI Diurnal tracking of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the Los Angeles basin megacity during spring 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; ION-SOURCE DEVELOPMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; AIR-POLLUTION; GAS EMISSIONS; STILT MODEL; CEILOMETER AB Attributing observed CO2 variations to human or natural cause is critical to deducing and tracking emissions from observations. We have used in situ CO2, CO, and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) measurements recorded during the CalNex-LA (CARB et al., 2008) ground campaign of 15 May-15 June 2010, in Pasadena, CA, to deduce the diurnally varying anthropogenic component of observed CO2 in the megacity of Los Angeles (LA). This affordable and simple technique, validated by carbon isotope observations and WRF-STILT (Weather Research and Forecasting model - Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model) predictions, is shown to robustly attribute observed CO2 variation to anthropogenic or biogenic origin over the entire diurnal cycle. During CalNex-LA, local fossil fuel combustion contributed up to similar to 50% of the observed CO2 enhancement overnight, and similar to 100% of the enhancement near midday. This suggests that sufficiently accurate total column CO2 observations recorded near midday, such as those from the GOSAT or OCO-2 satellites, can potentially be used to track anthropogenic emissions from the LA megacity. C1 [Newman, S.; Yung, Y. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jeong, S.; Fischer, M. L.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, X.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Haman, C. L.; Lefer, B.; Alvarez, S.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Kort, E. A.; Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peischl, J.] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Newman, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM sally@gps.caltech.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; FU JPL's Director's Research and Development Fund; Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Keck Institute for Space Studies FX We appreciate productive discussions with Paul Wennberg, Debra Wunch, Michael Line, Xi Zhang, Run-Lie Shia, and Joshua Kammer. WRF winds for the time-averaged footprints during the CalNex period were provided by Wayne Angevine of NOAA (Earth System Research Laboratory; ESRL). We thank Paul Novelli and Colm Sweeney of NOAA-ESRL for sharing their data that went into the NOAA background curtain product from which we calculated the time-varying background for CO. John S. Holloway (NOAA ESRL) provided the measurements of CO from the P3 aircraft profiles. As part of the CalNex-LA campaign, we gratefully acknowledge the support of Caltech and the California Air Resources Board in making the campaign successful. TCCON data (version GGG2012) were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology, from the website at http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/. SN acknowledges financial support from JPL's Director's Research and Development Fund. Analysis by MLF and SJ was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the Keck Institute for Space Studies for financial support of publication costs and contribution by EAK. NR 64 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4359 EP 4372 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4359-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300027 ER PT J AU Tangborn, A Strow, LL Imbiriba, B Ott, L Pawson, S AF Tangborn, A. Strow, L. L. Imbiriba, B. Ott, L. Pawson, S. TI Evaluation of a new middle-lower tropospheric CO2 product using data assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS SYSTEM; TRANSPORT AB Atmospheric CO2 retrievals with peak sensitivity in the mid-to lower troposphere from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) have been assimilated into the GEOS-5 (Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5) constituent assimilation system for the period 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2006. A corresponding model simulation, using identical initial conditions, circulation, and CO2 boundary fluxes was also completed. The analyzed and simulated CO2 fields are compared with surface measurements globally and aircraft measurements over North America. Surface level monthly mean CO2 values show a marked improvement due to the assimilation in the Southern Hemisphere, while less consistent improvements are seen in the Northern Hemisphere. Mean differences with aircraft observations are reduced at all levels, with the largest decrease occurring in the mid-troposphere. The difference standard deviations are reduced slightly at all levels over the ocean, and all levels except the surface layer over land. These initial experiments indicate that the used channels contain useful information on CO2 in the middle to lower troposphere. However, the benefits of assimilating these data are reduced over the land surface, where concentrations are dominated by uncertain local fluxes and where the observation density is quite low. Away from these regions, the study demonstrates the power of the data assimilation technique for evaluating data that are not co-located, in that the improvements in mid-tropospheric CO2 by the sparsely distributed partial-column retrievals are transported by the model to the fixed in situ surface observation locations in more remote areas. C1 [Tangborn, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Strow, L. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Imbiriba, B.] Fed Univ Para, Nucleo Meio Ambiente, BR-66059 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Ott, L.; Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tangborn, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM tangborn@umbc.edu RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4487 EP 4500 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4487-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300001 ER PT J AU Browne, EC Min, KE Wooldridge, PJ Apel, E Blake, DR Brune, WH Cantrell, CA Cubison, MJ Diskin, GS Jimenez, JL Weinheimer, AJ Wennberg, PO Wisthaler, A Cohen, RC AF Browne, E. C. Min, K. -E. Wooldridge, P. J. Apel, E. Blake, D. R. Brune, W. H. Cantrell, C. A. Cubison, M. J. Diskin, G. S. Jimenez, J. L. Weinheimer, A. J. Wennberg, P. O. Wisthaler, A. Cohen, R. C. TI Observations of total RONO2 over the boreal forest: NOx sinks and HNO3 sources SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; HYDROXY ALKYL NITRATES; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ISOPRENE OXIDATION AB In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO3 formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO2 (Sigma ANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questions concerning the chemical lifetime and ultimate fate of Sigma ANs. We present observations of nitrogen oxides and organic molecules collected over the Canadian boreal forest during the summer which show that Sigma ANs account for similar to 20% of total oxidized nitrogen and that their instantaneous production rate is larger than that of HNO3. This confirms the primary role of reactions producing Sigma ANs as a control over the lifetime of NOx (NOx = NO+ NO2) in remote, continental environments. However, HNO3 is generally present in larger concentrations than Sigma ANs indicating that the atmospheric lifetime of Sigma ANs is shorter than the HNO3 lifetime. We investigate a range of proposed loss mechanisms that would explain the inferred lifetime of Sigma ANs finding that in combination with deposition, two processes are consistent with the observations: (1) rapid ozonolysis of isoprene nitrates where at least similar to 40% of the ozonolysis products release NOx from the carbon backbone and/or (2) hydrolysis of particulate organic nitrates with HNO3 as a product. Implications of these ideas for our understanding of NOx and NOy budget in remote and rural locations are discussed. C1 [Browne, E. C.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Min, K. -E.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Apel, E.; Cantrell, C. A.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ecbrowne@mit.edu; rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Min, Kyung-Eun/I-2839-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Browne, Eleanor/J-4517-2015 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455 FU NASA [NNX08AR13G, NNX08AD39G, NNX12AC03G]; NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship FX The analysis described here was supported by NASA grant NNX08AR13G and a NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship to ECB. MJC and JLJ were supported by NASA NNX08AD39G and NNX12AC03G. PTR-MS measurements were supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung, and were carried out with the help/support of T. Mikoviny, M. Graus, A. Hansel and T.D. Maerk. We thank the NASA ground and flight crews for their hard work during ARCTAS. NR 106 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 75 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4543 EP 4562 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4543-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300005 ER PT J AU Flury, T Wu, DL Read, WG AF Flury, T. Wu, D. L. Read, W. G. TI Variability in the speed of the Brewer-Dobson circulation as observed by Aura/MLS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; ANNUAL CYCLE; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; QUANTIFYING TRANSPORT; MODEL; LATITUDES AB We use Aura/MLS stratospheric water vapour (H2O) measurements as tracer for dynamics and infer inter-annual variations in the speed of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) from 2004 to 2011. We correlate one-year time series of H2O in the lower stratosphere at two subsequent pressure levels (68 hPa, similar to 18.8 km and 56 hPa, similar to 19.9 km at the Equator) and determine the time lag for best correlation. The same calculation is made on the horizontal on the 100 hPa (similar to 16.6 km) level by correlating the H2O time series at the Equator with the ones at 40 degrees N and 40 degrees S. From these lag coefficients we derive the vertical and horizontal speeds of the BDC in the tropics and extra-tropics, respectively. We observe a clear interannual variability of the vertical and horizontal branch. The variability reflects signatures of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO). Our measurements confirm the QBO meridional circulation anomalies and show that the speed variations in the two branches of the BDC are out of phase and fairly well anti-correlated. Maximum ascent rates are found during the QBO easterly phase. We also find that transport of H2O towards the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is on the average two times faster than to the Southern Hemisphere (SH) with a mean speed of 1.15 m s(-1) at 100 hPa. Furthermore, the speed towards the NH shows much more interannual variability with an amplitude of about 21% whilst the speed towards the SH varies by only 10%. An amplitude of 21% is also observed in the variability of the ascent rate at the Equator which is on the average 0.2 mm s(-1). C1 [Flury, T.; Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wu, D. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Flury, T (reprint author), Swiss Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. EM thomas.flury@yahoo.com FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PBBEP2_133505]; California Institute of Technology; Government sponsorship FX The research by TF and WGR was performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. TF was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant PBBEP2_133505 and the California Institute of Technology. DLW would like to acknowledge the support from the Aura project and the MLS team for making the H2O data available. We thank the reviewers for their suggestions as well as Jessica Neu, Klemens Hocke and Michael Sprenger for helpful discussions. Copyright 2012 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Copyright 2012. All rights reserved. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4563 EP 4575 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4563-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300006 ER PT J AU Thomason, LW Vernier, JP AF Thomason, L. W. Vernier, J. -P. TI Improved SAGE II cloud/aerosol categorization and observations of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer: 1989-2005 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MONSOON TRANSPORT; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLOUD; CLIMATOLOGY; EXTINCTION; LIDAR AB We describe the challenges associated with the interpretation of extinction coefficient measurements by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) in the presence of clouds. In particular, we have found that tropospheric aerosol analyses are highly dependent on a robust method for identifying when clouds affect the measured extinction coefficient. Herein, we describe an improved cloud identification method that appears to capture cloud/aerosol events more effectively than early methods. In addition, we summarize additional challenges to observing the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) using SAGE II observations. Using this new approach, we perform analyses of the upper troposphere, focusing on periods in which the UTLS (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere) is relatively free of volcanic material (1989-1990 and after 1996). Of particular interest is the Asian monsoon anticyclone where CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations) has observed an aerosol enhancement. This enhancement, called the ATAL, has a similar morphology to observed enhancements in long-lived trace gas species like CO. Since the CALIPSO record begins in 2006, the question of how long this aerosol feature has been present requires a new look at the long-lived SAGE II data sets despite significant hurdles to its use in the subtropical upper troposphere. We find that there is no evidence of ATAL in the SAGE II data prior to 1998. After 1998, it is clear that aerosol in the upper troposphere in the ATAL region is substantially enhanced relative to the period before that time. In addition, the data generally supports the presence of the ATAL beginning in 1999 and continuing through the end of the mission, though some years (e.g., 2003) are complicated by the presence of episodic enhancements most likely of volcanic origin. C1 [Thomason, L. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Vernier, J. -P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Thomason, LW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM l.w.thomason@nasa.gov OI Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4605 EP 4616 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4605-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300009 ER PT J AU Bertram, TH Perring, AE Wooldridge, PJ Dibb, J Avery, MA Cohen, RC AF Bertram, T. H. Perring, A. E. Wooldridge, P. J. Dibb, J. Avery, M. A. Cohen, R. C. TI On the export of reactive nitrogen from Asia: NOx partitioning and effects on ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; EXPLORATORY MISSION-WEST; FLUORESCENCE TD-LIF; NITRIC-ACID UPTAKE; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; MIXING RATIOS; PEM-WEST; UNITED-STATES; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW AB The partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy) was measured over the remote North Pacific during spring 2006. Aircraft observations of NO, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (Sigma PNs), total alkyl and multi-functional nitrates (Sigma ANs) and nitric acid (HNO3), made between 25 degrees and 55 degrees N, confirm a controlling role for peroxyacyl nitrates in NOx production in aged Asian outflow. Sigma PNs account for more than 60% of NOy above 5 km, while thermal dissociation limits their contribution to less than 10% in the lower troposphere. Using simultaneous observations of NOx, Sigma PNs, Sigma ANs, HNO3 and average wind speed, we calculate the flux of reactive nitrogen through the meridional plane of 150 degrees W (between 20 degrees and 55 degrees N) to be 0.007 +/- 0.002 Tg N day(-1), which provides an upper limit of 23 +/- 6.5% on the transport efficiency of NOy from East Asia. Observations of NOx, and HOx are used to constrain a 0-D photochemical box model for the calculation of net photochemical ozone production or tendency (Delta O-3) as a function of aircraft altitude and NOx concentrations. The model analysis indicates that the photochemical environment of the lower troposphere (altitude < 6km) over the north Pacific is one of net O-3 destruction, with an experimentally determined crossover point between net O-3 destruction and net O-3 production of 60 pptv NOx. Qualitative indicators of integrated net O-3 production derived from simultaneous measurements of O-3 and light alkanes (Parrish et al., 1992), also indicate that the north Pacific is, on average, a region of net O-3 destruction. C1 [Bertram, T. H.; Perring, A. E.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Avery, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; FU NASA [NNX08AE56G, NNG05GH196, NAG5-13668]; NASA-ESE Tropospheric Chemistry Programme; NASA ESSF Programme FX The authors thank the flight and ground crews of the NASA DC-8 Aircraft and the entire INTEX-B science team for their contributions during the 2006 intensive field campaign. We acknowledge Glen Sachse, Glenn Diskin, Greg Huey, Bill Brune, Jim Crawford, and Daniel Jacob for contributed data and/or model results. Work at U.C. Berkeley was supported under NASA grants NNX08AE56G, NNG05GH196, and NAG5-13668. The INTEX-B field programme was supported by the NASA-ESE Tropospheric Chemistry Programme. AEP acknowledges the NASA ESSF Programme. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4617 EP 4630 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4617-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300010 ER PT J AU Bian, H Colarco, PR Chin, M Chen, G Rodriguez, JM Liang, Q Blake, D Chu, DA da Silva, A Darmenov, AS Diskin, G Fuelberg, HE Huey, G Kondo, Y Nielsen, JE Pan, X Wisthaler, A AF Bian, H. Colarco, P. R. Chin, M. Chen, G. Rodriguez, J. M. Liang, Q. Blake, D. Chu, D. A. da Silva, A. Darmenov, A. S. Diskin, G. Fuelberg, H. E. Huey, G. Kondo, Y. Nielsen, J. E. Pan, X. Wisthaler, A. TI Source attributions of pollution to the Western Arctic during the NASA ARCTAS field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC AEROSOL; MODEL; TRANSPORT; AIRCRAFT; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS AB We use the NASA GEOS-5 transport model with tagged tracers to investigate the contributions of different regional sources of CO and black carbon (BC) to their concentrations in the Western Arctic (i.e., 50-90 degrees N and 190-320 degrees E) in spring and summer 2008. The model is evaluated by comparing the results with airborne measurements of CO and BC from the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARC-TAS) field campaigns to demonstrate the strengths and limitations of our simulations. We also examine the reliability of tagged CO tracers in characterizing air mass origins using the measured fossil fuel tracer of dichloromethane and the biomass burning tracer of acetonitrile. Our tagged CO simulations suggest that most of the enhanced CO concentrations (above background level from CH4 production) observed during April originate from Asian anthropogenic emissions. Boreal biomass burning emissions and Asian anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance in July domain wise, although the biomass burning CO fraction is much larger in the area of the ARCTAS field experiments. The fraction of CO from Asian anthropogenic emissions is larger in spring than in summer. European sources make up no more than 10% of CO levels in the campaign domain during either period. Comparisons of CO concentrations along the flight tracks with regional averages from GEOS-5 show that the along-track measurements are representative of the concentrations within the large domain of the Western Arctic in April but not in July. C1 [Bian, H.; Chu, D. A.] Joint Ctr Environm Technol UMBC, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bian, H.; Colarco, P. R.; Chin, M.; Rodriguez, J. M.; Liang, Q.; Chu, D. A.; Nielsen, J. E.; Pan, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chen, G.; Diskin, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Liang, Q.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [da Silva, A.; Darmenov, A. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Darmenov, A. S.; Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kondo, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Pan, X.] Morgan State Univ, Sch Comp Math & Nat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Bian, H (reprint author), Joint Ctr Environm Technol UMBC, Baltimore, MD USA. EM huisheng.bian@nasa.gov RI Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Darmenov, Anton/H-8267-2013; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU NASA ARCTAS program; NASA ACMAP program [NNX11AN72G]; NASA MAP program [NNX10AK61G] FX The authors thank Anne Douglass, Steven Pawson, Jack Dibb, Jose-Luis Jimenez, Hanwant B. Singh, and Erin P. Czech for their helpful discussion and the two reviewers who helped to improve the paper. CH3CN measurements were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT) within the Austrian Space Applications Programme. This work was supported by the NASA ARCTAS program, the NASA ACMAP program (NNX11AN72G), and the NASA MAP program (NNX10AK61G). NR 70 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4707 EP 4721 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4707-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300016 ER PT J AU Crumeyrolle, S Schwarzenboeck, A Roger, JC Sellegri, K Burkhart, JF Stohl, A Gomes, L Quennehen, B Roberts, G Weigel, R Villani, P Pichon, JM Bourrianne, T Laj, P AF Crumeyrolle, S. Schwarzenboeck, A. Roger, J. C. Sellegri, K. Burkhart, J. F. Stohl, A. Gomes, L. Quennehen, B. Roberts, G. Weigel, R. Villani, P. Pichon, J. M. Bourrianne, T. Laj, P. TI Overview of aerosol properties associated with air masses sampled by the ATR-42 during the EUCAARI campaign (2008) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AMMA AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MINERAL DUST; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; MEXICO-CITY; PARTICLES; EUROPE; CLIMATE AB Within the frame of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo-France aircraft ATR-42 performed 22 research flights over central Europe and the North Sea during the intensive observation period in May 2008. For the campaign, the ATR-42 was equipped to study the aerosol physical, chemical, hygroscopic and optical properties, as well as cloud microphysics. For the 22 research flights, retroplume analyses along the flight tracks were performed with FLEXPART in order to classify air masses into five sectors of origin, allowing for a qualitative evaluation of emission influence on the respective air parcel. This study shows that the extensive aerosol parameters (aerosol mass and number concentrations) show vertical decreasing gradients and in some air masses maximum mass concentrations (mainly organics) in an intermediate layer (1-3 km). The observed mass concentrations (in the boundary layer (BL): between 10 and 30 mu g m(-3); lower free troposphere (LFT): 0.8 and 14 mu g m(-3)) are high especially in comparison with the 2015 European norms for PM2.5 (25 mu g m(-3)) and with previous airborne studies performed over England (Morgan et al., 2009; McMeeking et al., 2012). Particle number size distributions show a larger fraction of particles in the accumulation size range in the LFT compared to BL. The chemical composition of submicron aerosol particles is dominated by organics in the BL, while ammonium sulphate dominates the submicron aerosols in the LFT, especially in the aerosol particles originated from north-eastern Europe (similar to 80 %), also experiencing nucleation events along the transport. As a consequence, first the particle CCN acting ability, shown by the CCN/CN ratio, and second the average values of the scattering cross sections of optically active particles (i.e. scattering coefficient divided by the optical active particle concentration) are increased in the LFT compared to BL. C1 [Crumeyrolle, S.; Schwarzenboeck, A.; Roger, J. C.; Sellegri, K.; Quennehen, B.; Weigel, R.; Villani, P.; Pichon, J. M.; Laj, P.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, UMR6016, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Crumeyrolle, S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Burkhart, J. F.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Gomes, L.; Roberts, G.; Bourrianne, T.] Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Quennehen, B.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS,IPSL,UMR8190, Paris, France. [Weigel, R.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphere, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Villani, P.; Laj, P.] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. RP Crumeyrolle, S (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, UMR6016, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France. EM suzanne.crumeyrolle@gmail.com RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 FU European Commission 6th Framework programme project EUCAARI [036833-2]; French National Research Agency (ANR) under the AEROCLOUD programme [06-BLAN-0209]; CNRS [167641]; CNRS-INSU FX This work has been partially funded by European Commission 6th Framework programme project EUCAARI, contract no. 036833-2 (EUCAARI), and by the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the AEROCLOUD programme, contract no. 06-BLAN-0209. Suzanne Crumeyrolle has been supported by a CNRS fellowship (contract no. 167641). The authors wish to thank the SAFIRE (Service des Avions Francais Instruments pour la Recherche en Environnement) for preparing and delivering the research aircraft (ATR-42). The authors want to thank the anonymous reviewers as well as the Editor for their advice and helpful comments to this work.; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4877 EP 4893 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4877-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300026 ER PT J AU Voulgarakis, A Shindell, DT Faluvegi, G AF Voulgarakis, A. Shindell, D. T. Faluvegi, G. TI Linkages between ozone-depleting substances, tropospheric oxidation and aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FUTURE CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ACCURATE SIMULATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; CHEMICAL-MODELS; NITROUS-OXIDE; CHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS; EMISSIONS; METHANE AB Coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere allows changes in stratospheric ozone abundances to affect tropospheric chemistry. Large-scale effects from such changes on chemically produced tropospheric aerosols have not been systematically examined in past studies. We use a composition-climate model to investigate potential past and future impacts of changes in stratospheric ozone depleting substances (ODS) on tropospheric oxidants and sulfate aerosols. In most experiments, we find significant responses in tropospheric photolysis and oxidants, with small but significant effects on methane radiative forcing. The response of sulfate aerosols is sizeable when examining the effect of increasing future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We also find that without the regulation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) through the Montreal Protocol, sulfate aerosols could have increased by 2050 by a comparable amount to the decreases predicted due to relatively stringent sulfur emissions controls. The individual historical radiative forcings of CFCs and N2O through their indirect effects on methane (-22.6 mW m(-2) for CFCs and -6.7 mW m(-2) for N2O) and sulfate aerosols (-3.0 mW m(-2) for CFCs and +6.5 mW m(-2) for N2O when considering the direct aerosol effect) discussed here are non-negligible when compared to known historical ODS forcing. Our results stress the importance of accounting for stratosphere-troposphere, gas-aerosol and composition-climate interactions when investigating the effects of changing emissions on atmospheric composition and climate. C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Voulgarakis, A.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. EM a.voulgarakis@imperial.ac.uk RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012 FU NASA ACMAP FX The authors wish to thank Paul Newman for providing useful information on the WACFCs scenario, and NASA ACMAP for funding this research. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4907 EP 4916 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4907-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300028 ER PT J AU Kirgis, G Leblanc, T McDermid, IS Walsh, TD AF Kirgis, G. Leblanc, T. McDermid, I. S. Walsh, T. D. TI Stratospheric ozone interannual variability (1995-2011) as observed by lidar and satellite at Mauna Loa Observatory, HI and Table Mountain Facility, CA SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TREND ANALYSIS; SOLAR-CYCLE; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; CHEMISTRY; MODELS; SERIES; 155.6-DEGREES-W AB The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) lidars, at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (MLO, 19.5 degrees N, 155.6 degrees W) and the JPL Table Mountain Facility (TMF, California, 34.5 degrees N, 117.7 degrees W), have been measuring vertical profiles of stratospheric ozone routinely since the early 1990's and late-1980s respectively. Interannual variability of ozone above these two sites was investigated using a multi-linear regression analysis on the deseasonalised monthly mean lidar and satellite time-series at 1 km intervals between 20 and 45 km from January 1995 to April 2011, a period of low volcanic aerosol loading. Explanatory variables representing the 11 yr solar cycle, the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, the Eliassen-Palm flux, and horizontal and vertical transport were used. A new proxy, the mid-latitude Ozone Depleting Gas Index, which shows a decrease with time as an outcome of the Montreal Protocol, was introduced and compared to the more commonly used linear trend method. The analysis also compares the lidar time-series and a merged time-series obtained from the space-borne Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II, Halogen Occultation Experiment, and Aura-Microwave Limb Sounder instruments. The results from both lidar and satellite measurements are consistent with recent model simulations which propose changes in tropical upwelling. Additionally, at TMF the Ozone Depleting Gas Index explains as much variance as the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the upper stratosphere. Over the past 17 yr a diminishing downward trend in ozone was observed before 2000 and a net increase, and sign of ozone recovery, is observed after 2005. Our results which include dynamical proxies suggest possible coupling between horizontal transport and the 11 yr solar cycle response, although a dataset spanning a period longer than one solar cycle is needed to confirm this result. C1 [Kirgis, G.; Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.; Walsh, T. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kirgis, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kirgis@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Post-doctoral Programme at the Table Mountain Facility; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. G. Kirgis was supported by an appointment to the NASA Post-doctoral Programme at the Table Mountain Facility, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would like to thank T. Grigsby, M. Schmoe, and J. Howe, members of the JPL Lidar Team who assisted in the collection of the data used here, also the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) and the NASA Langley Radiation and Aerosols Branch for providing SAGE II data and, the collaborative institutes of the NASA Langley Research Center for maintaining HALOE data. The Aura/MLS data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 5033 EP 5047 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5033-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300035 ER PT J AU Parness, A McKenzie, C AF Parness, Aaron McKenzie, Clifford TI DROP: the Durable Reconnaissance and Observation Platform SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Robotics; Prototypes; Design; Microspine; Climbing; DROP ID ROBOT AB Purpose - The Durable Reconnaissance and Observation Platform (DROP) is a prototype robotic platform with the ability to climb vertical cinder block surfaces at a rate of 25 cm/s, make rapid horizontal to vertical transitions, carry an audio/visual reconnaissance payload, and survive impacts from 3 meters. Design/methodology/approach - The platform uses a two-wheel, two-motor design that delivers high mobility with low complexity. DROP extends microspine climbing technology from a linear to rotary implementation, providing improved transition ability, increased speeds, and simpler body mechanics while maintaining microspine's ability to opportunistically grip rough surfaces. Findings - The DROP prototype was able to climb rough, vertical walls at a speed of 25 cm/s. These wheels were also deployed on a commercial platform, the ReconRobotics Scout, and demonstrated additional mobility capabilities such as curb mounting and stair climbing. Originality/value - This robot is the first wheeled robot to use microspine technology. Various aspects of the prototype robot's design and performance are discussed, including the climbing mechanism, body design, and impact survival. C1 [Parness, Aaron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Platforms & Manipulators Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McKenzie, Clifford] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Parness, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Platforms & Manipulators Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Aaron.Parness@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Jet Propulsion Laboratory Office of the Chief Scientist and Chief Technologist; North Carolina Space Grant FX The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors additionally thank the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Office of the Chief Scientist and Chief Technologist for their support of this work and the North Carolina Space Grant for supporting undergraduate student participation. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X EI 1758-5791 J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1108/01439911311309906 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 152LT UT WOS:000319533900005 ER PT J AU Guo, J Nguyen, BN Li, LC Meador, MAB Scheiman, DA Cakmak, M AF Guo, Jiao Nguyen, Baochau N. Li, Lichun Meador, Mary Ann B. Scheiman, Daniel A. Cakmak, Miko TI Clay reinforced polyimide/silica hybrid aerogel SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AMINE-MODIFIED SILICA; CHEMISTRY AB Silica aerogels are comprised of highly porous three-dimensional networks. They typically are very fragile and brittle due to the inter-particle connections in the pearl-necklace-like fractal network. This behavior prevents their wider utility. The present study aims to reinforce the silica-based gel to improve the poor mechanical strength through crosslinking the silica particles with polyimide and incorporating Lucentite STN clay into the skeletal silica-polyimide network. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) end-capped polyamic acid oligomers were first formed followed by gelation with TMOS at a range of clay concentrations to generate a silica network. The incorporation of clay leads to slightly lower BET surface area with little effect on shrinkage, porosity and density. Microscopy revealed that the aerogel preferentially grows from the edges of well dispersed clay particles while minimal growth occurs from clay surfaces. The formation of covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding through the OH functionalized clay edges is thought to enhance the connectivity with silica network and clay, leading to a substantial reinforcement effect as evidenced by an increase in modulus. C1 [Guo, Jiao; Li, Lichun; Cakmak, Miko] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Nguyen, Baochau N.; Scheiman, Daniel A.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44111 USA. [Meador, Mary Ann B.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Guo, J (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM cakmak1@uakron.edu OI Meador, Mary Ann/0000-0003-2513-7372 FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program (Hypersonics) FX Financial support from the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program (Hypersonics) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 14 U2 108 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 24 BP 7211 EP 7221 DI 10.1039/c3ta00439b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152IS UT WOS:000319525900032 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, R Clark, TT AF Rubinstein, Robert Clark, Timothy T. TI Reassessment of the classical closures for scalar turbulence SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence; passive scalar turbulence; solvable or simplified models; turbulent mixing ID QUANTITIES LIKE TEMPERATURE; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION APPROXIMATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; MODEL; FLUID; CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; FIELDS AB In deducing the consequences of the Direct Interaction Approximation, Kraichnan was sometimes led to consider the properties of special classes of nonlinear interactions in degenerate triads in which one wavevector is very small. Such interactions can be described by simplified models closely related to elementary closures for homogeneous isotropic turbulence such as the Heisenberg and Leith models. These connections can be exploited to derive considerably improved versions of the Heisenberg and Leith models that are only slightly more complicated analytically. This paper applies this approach to derive some new simplified closure models for passive scalar advection and investigates the consistency of these models with fundamental properties of scalar turbulence. Whereas some properties, such as the existence of the Kolmogorov-Obukhov range and the existence of thermal equilibrium ensembles, follow the velocity case closely, phenomena special to the scalar case arise when the diffusive and viscous effects become important at different scales of motion. These include the Batchelor and Batchelor-Howells-Townsend ranges pertaining, respectively, to high and low molecular Schmidt number. We also consider the spectrum in the diffusive range that follows the Batchelor range. We conclude that improved elementary models can be made consistent with many nontrivial properties of scalar turbulence, but that such models have unavoidable limitations. C1 [Rubinstein, Robert] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Clark, Timothy T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Div Grp XCP 2, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Clark, TT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Div Grp XCP 2, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM ttc@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 71 EP 98 DI 10.1080/14685248.2013.769685 PG 28 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 152WZ UT WOS:000319563800005 ER PT J AU Fabrizio, MC Manderson, JP Pessutti, JP AF Fabrizio, Mary C. Manderson, John P. Pessutti, Jeffrey P. TI Habitat associations and dispersal of black sea bass from a mid-Atlantic Bight reef SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Black sea bass; Acoustic telemetry; Dispersal; Fish habitat; Movement; Continental shelf; Negative binomial model ID NEW-YORK-BIGHT; CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; COASTAL AREA; FISHES; TELEMETRY; NEWFOUNDLAND; FEATURES; ANIMALS AB We examined habitat associations of 122 adult black sea bass Centropristis striata at a temperate reef off the coast of New Jersey, USA. The study site, located within the Historic Area Remediation Site, encompassed 46.1 km(2) and included areas of rocky bottom and highly variable bathymetry. Factors influencing dispersal and habitat use were determined from acoustic telemetry data collected between May and December 2003 from a grid of 72 moored receivers. About 2.7 times as many black sea bass used the site in summer as in fall. Fish were associated with relatively shallow, complex habitats characterized by previously placed, coarse-grain material that may have provided food, shelter, or both. Deep areas (>27.5 m) with coarse-grain material were rarely used. Dispersal of black sea bass was not a pulse event, but rather a steady movement of individuals away from the site as inshore bottom water temperatures declined between late September and mid-December. Both temperature and photoperiod may serve as cues to the initiation of offshore movements of fish to wintering grounds near the edge of the shelf. Some black sea bass resided at the reef for periods of up to 6 mo encompassing the spawning period; as such, these habitats may be important to the continued production of the stock. In the mid-Atlantic Bight, surveys to estimate the relative abundance of this species during their inshore residency period should be conducted in July-August in structurally complex habitats and in waters <28 m deep. C1 [Fabrizio, Mary C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Manderson, John P.; Pessutti, Jeffrey P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Fabrizio, MC (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM mfabrizio@vims.edu OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank A. Draxler (retired, NOAA-NMFS) and A. Bejda (retired, NOAA-NMFS) for early discussions that helped us formulate this study; R. Lathrop (Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ) for seafloor habitat data; K. Pollock (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC) for providing software to implement the KM staggered entry design; and D. Mountain and M. Taylor (NOAA-NMFS, Woods Hole, MA) for loaning us the CTDs and providing technical support. We are grateful to Commander E. Christman, S. Smith, M. Moser (NOAA Marine Operations Center), and crew of the NOAA Vessel 'Thomas Jefferson' for assisting with array retrievals. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of A. Drohan, A. Pollack, P. Shaheen, J. Rosendale, J. Hilbert, J. Sibunka, and F. Morello. We thank the captains and crew that supported our work on the RV 'Gloria Michelle', RV 'Nauvoo', RV 'Walford', RV 'Loosanoff', and MV 'Samantha Miller'; LT S. Sirois (NOAA) and Captain W. Ihde (Miller's Launch, New York City) provided critical logistical expertise during the field implementation of this work. This study was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers; we thank T. Bridges (USACE, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS), M. Greges (USACE, New York District, New York City), and S. Knowles (USACE, New York District, New York City) for coordination of our field work with ongoing ACOE activities at the HARS. We thank G. Shepherd (NOAA-NMFS, Woods Hole, MA) and 4 anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve the paper. This research was conducted in accordance with guidelines on the use of animals in research published by the American Fisheries Society and the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. This paper is contribution number 3266 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 482 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps10302 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 149QV UT WOS:000319337100019 ER PT J AU Scott, VJ Siegel, PH Amashukeli, X AF Scott, Valerie J. Siegel, Peter H. Amashukeli, Xenia TI Hydrolysis of lysozyme with an RF-powered micro-reactor SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID SUBCRITICAL WATER; AMINO-ACIDS; MARS; CHEMISTRY; LIFE; SOIL AB An RF sample-processing micro-reactor that was developed as part of potential in situ exploration missions to inner-and outer-planetary bodies has been used to perform hydrolysis of a protein-lysozyme. The micro-reactor was designed to utilize aqueous solutions subjected to 60 GHz radiation at 730 mW input power to extract target organic compounds and molecular and inorganic ions as well as to hydrolyze complex polymeric materials. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used in the analysis of the reaction products. It was established that both the flow rate of the protein solution through the reactor (2.5-87 mu L min(-1)) and the applied head pressure (0.34-2.76 MPa) positively affect the hydrolysis reaction when exposed to RF radiation. The results of the RF micro-reactor samples were compared to those run in an analogous sample handling setup using a heat source in place of RF radiation. C1 [Scott, Valerie J.; Siegel, Peter H.; Amashukeli, Xenia] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Amashukeli, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Xenia.Amashukeli@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program; NASA Postdoctoral Program FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research was supported through the NASA Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program; V. Scott received support through the NASA Postdoctoral Program. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2860 EP 2865 DI 10.1039/c3ay26273a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 145HB UT WOS:000319004800031 ER PT J AU Druyan, LM Fulakeza, M AF Druyan, Leonard M. Fulakeza, Matthew TI Downscaling reanalysis over continental Africa with a regional model: NCEP versus ERA Interim forcing SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Regional climate models; West African monsoon; Lateral boundary conditions; Reanalysis ID SEASONAL EVOLUTION; WAVE DISTURBANCES; SUMMER MONSOON; EASTERLY WAVES; CLIMATE MODELS; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY AB Five annual climate cycles (1998-2002) are simulated for continental Africa and adjacent oceans by a regional atmospheric model (RM3). RM3 horizontal grid spacing is 0.44 degrees at 28 vertical levels. Each of 2 simulation ensembles is driven by lateral boundary conditions from each of 2 alternative reanalysis data sets. One simulation downscales National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis 2 (NCPR2) and the other the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis (ERA-I). NCPR2 data are archived at 2.5 degrees grid spacing, while a recent version of ERA-I provides data at 0.75 spacing. ERA-I-forced simulations are recommended by the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Comparisons of the 2 sets of simulations with each other and with observational evidence assess the relative performance of each downscaling system. A third simulation also uses ERA-I forcing, but degraded to the same horizontal resolution as NCPR2. RM3-simulated pentad and monthly mean precipitation data are compared to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data, gridded at 0.5 degrees, and RM3-simulated circulation is compared to both reanalyses. Results suggest that each downscaling system provides advantages and disadvantages relative to the other. The RM3/NCPR2 achieves a more realistic northward advance of summer monsoon rains over West Africa, but RM3/ERA-I creates the more realistic monsoon circulation. Both systems recreate some features of July-September 1999 minus 2002 precipitation differences. Degrading the resolution of ERA-I driving data unrealistically slows the monsoon circulation and considerably diminishes summer rainfall rates over West Africa. The high resolution of ERA-I data, therefore, contributes to the quality of the downscaling, but NCPR2 lateral boundary conditions nevertheless produce better simulations of some features. C1 [Druyan, Leonard M.; Fulakeza, Matthew] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Druyan, Leonard M.; Fulakeza, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Druyan, LM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM ldruyan@giss.nasa.gov FU US National Science Foundation [AGS-1000874]; NASA [NNX11AR63A] FX This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1000874 and the NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX11AR63A. TRMM data used in this study were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) as part of the NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). ERA-I data was provided by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, facilitated by the CORDEX project. NCEP/DOE reanalysis 2 data were provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, from their web site at www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2013 VL 56 IS 3 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.3354/cr01152 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 146AJ UT WOS:000319060900001 ER PT J AU Randall, JP Meador, MAB Jana, SC AF Randall, Jason P. Meador, Mary Ann B. Jana, Sadhan C. TI Polymer reinforced silica aerogels: effects of dimethyldiethoxysilane and bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine as silane precursors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; POROUS 3D NANOSTRUCTURES; LOW-DENSITY; NMR; EPOXIES; STATE AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) precursor in improving the elastic recovery behavior of silica aerogels reinforced with epoxy through amine sites on the silica surface. In the study, two aminosilanes - 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine (BTMSPA) - were considered as reactive sites for cross-linking with epoxy. Because of the way the samples were formulated, BTMSPA offered half the number of amine sites compared to APTES at the same level of substitution. Replacing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with at least 15 mol% DMDES reduced the number of silicon-oxygen bonds in the aerogel networks and resulted in improved elastic recovery, but up to an order of magnitude lower compressive modulus. BTMSPA aerogels demonstrated strong elastic response without DMDES, with some samples showing near complete recovery. However, these aerogels offered lower modulus than APTES aerogels. C1 [Randall, Jason P.; Jana, Sadhan C.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Meador, Mary Ann B.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Randall, JP (reprint author), AkzoNobel Packaging Coatings, 16651 Sprague Rd, Strongsville, OH 44136 USA. EM maryann.meador@nasa.gov; janas@uakron.edu RI Jana, Sadhan/J-5467-2016; OI Jana, Sadhan/0000-0001-8962-380X; Meador, Mary Ann/0000-0003-2513-7372 FU NASA FX The authors thank Linda McCorkle for the SEM micrographs, Dan Scheiman for pycnometry measurements, and Anna Palczer and Dr Baochau Nguyen for nitrogen adsorption results. J. R. also thanks the NASA Graduate Student Researcher Program Fellowship for funding. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 80 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 22 BP 6642 EP 6652 DI 10.1039/c3ta11019b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 144LQ UT WOS:000318941200020 ER PT J AU Lu, YJ Li, J Hong, HP AF Lu, Yijiang Li, Jing Hong, Haiping TI Electrical Resistivity of Pristine and Functional Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; CONDUCTIVITY; GAS AB The resistance of several pristine and functional single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) deposited and dried on interdigitated electrode (IDE) chips was investigated to better understand how functional groups influence their resistivity. Without the external electrical field, the resistance was generally increased for the sulfonated and fluorinated SWNTs but not for COOH-SWNTs. With a 3V electric field applied during depositing, while no change in resistance was found for the purified pristine SWNTs, fluorinated SWNTs, COOH SWNTs, and Ni-SWNTs, a significant decrease in resistance was observed in sulfonated SWNTs and unpurified pristine SWNTs, which could be due to the alignment of SWNTs in an electric field. The alignment of the sulfonated SWNTs is most likely due to the charge of the sulfate functional group. It is interesting to note that the alignment was found in the unpurified pristine SWNTs but not in the purified pristine ones which have lessened resistivity. The lower resistivity in the purified pristine SWNTs may be due to the smaller number (<5%) of impurities. The significance of this research is that hydrophilic COOH-SWNTs could be a better candidate than the hydrophobic pristine SWNTs for being used in many applications, especially in polymer nanocomposites. C1 [Lu, Yijiang; Li, Jing] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Nanotechnol Branch, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hong, Haiping] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Met & Mat, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Hong, HP (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Met & Mat, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM haiping.hong@sdsmt.edu FU NASA EPSCoR [NNX09AU83A]; DHS HSARPAR [HSHQDC-08-x-00870] FX H. Hong would like to thank NASA EPSCoR (award no. NNX09AU83A) for financial support. Jing Li would like to thank for DHS HSARPAR (IAA no. HSHQDC-08-x-00870) for financial support. Thanks are due to Mianliang Huang for his useful comments and corrections. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2013 AR 635673 DI 10.1155/2013/635673 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147GQ UT WOS:000319154800001 ER PT J AU Scheepmaker, RA Frankenberg, C Galli, A Butz, A Schrijver, H Deutscher, NM Wunch, D Warneke, T Fally, S Aben, I AF Scheepmaker, R. A. Frankenberg, C. Galli, A. Butz, A. Schrijver, H. Deutscher, N. M. Wunch, D. Warneke, T. Fally, S. Aben, I. TI Improved water vapour spectroscopy in the 4174-4300 cm(-1) region and its impact on SCIAMACHY HDO/H2O measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; INFRARED-SPECTRA; DEUTERIUM; CO2; PROFILES; METHANE; MODEL; CYCLE; O-18; PRECIPITATION AB The relative abundance of the heavy water isotopologue HDO provides a deeper insight into the atmospheric hydrological cycle. The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) allows for global retrievals of the ratio HDO/H2O in the 2.3 micron wavelength range. However, the spectroscopy of water lines in this region remains a large source of uncertainty for these retrievals. We therefore evaluate and improve the water spectroscopy in the range 4174-4300 cm(-1) and test if this reduces systematic uncertainties in the SCIAMACHY retrievals of HDO/H2O. We use a laboratory spectrum of water vapour to fit line intensity, air broadening and wavelength shift parameters. The improved spectroscopy is tested on a series of ground-based high resolution FTS spectra as well as on SCIAMACHY retrievals of H2O and the ratio HDO/H2O. We find that the improved spectroscopy leads to lower residuals in the FTS spectra compared to HITRAN 2008 and Jenouvrier et al. (2007) spectroscopy, and the retrievals become more robust against changes in the retrieval window. For both the FTS and SCIAMACHY measurements, the retrieved total H2O columns decrease by 2-4% and we find a negative shift of the HDO/H2O ratio, which for SCIAMACHY is partly compensated by changes in the retrieval setup and calibration software. The updated SCIAMACHY HDO/H2O product shows somewhat steeper latitudinal and temporal gradients and a steeper Rayleigh distillation curve, strengthening previous conclusions that current isotope-enabled general circulation models underestimate the variability in the near-surface HDO/H2O ratio. C1 [Scheepmaker, R. A.; Galli, A.; Schrijver, H.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Butz, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Deutscher, N. M.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Deutscher, N. M.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fally, S.] BIRA, IASB, Brussels, Belgium. RP Scheepmaker, RA (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM r.a.scheepmaker@sron.nl RI Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU Netherlands Space Office [GO-AO/16]; Emmy-Noether programme of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [BU2599/1-1]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Belgium); European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex program); NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program [NNX11AG01G]; OCO project; OCO-2 project; Australian Research Council [LE0668470, DP0879468, DP110103118, LP0562346]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program; DOE/ARM Program FX This researched was funded by the Netherlands Space Office as part of the User Support Programme Space Research under project GO-AO/16. AB is funded through the Emmy-Noether programme of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through grant BU2599/1-1 (RemoteC). SF is funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Belgium) and the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex program). US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program, grant number NNX11AG01G, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program, the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program and the DOE/ARM Program. The Darwin TCCON site was built at Caltech with funding from the OCO project, and is operated by the University of Wollongong, with travel funds for maintenance and equipment costs funded by the OCO-2 project. We acknowledge funding to support Darwin from the Australian Research Council, Projects LE0668470, DP0879468, DP110103118 and LP0562346. We further acknowledge David Griffith and Ronald Macatangay for providing the Darwin TCCON spectra and data. We acknowledge the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine research (AWI) for providing the measurement infrastructure at Ny Alesund and Cor Becker and his team from the Meteorological Service of Suriname for their support for the measurements at Paramaribo (Suriname). ECMWF ERA-Interim data used in this study have been obtained from the ECMWF data server. We thank Richard van Hees for his work on the nadc_tools software package, Pieter van der Meer for his efforts to keep the SRON cluster running and Paul Tol for his help with converting HITRAN formats. We thank the anonymous referees for their comments that improved this paper. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 879 EP 894 DI 10.5194/amt-6-879-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IM UT WOS:000318429000002 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Zhang, J Reid, JS Hyer, EJ Hsu, NC AF Shi, Y. Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Hyer, E. J. Hsu, N. C. TI Critical evaluation of the MODIS Deep Blue aerosol optical depth product for data assimilation over North Africa SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVALS; OCEAN; AERONET; LAND AB Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue (DB) collection 5.1 (c5.1) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data were analyzed and evaluated for the first time from an independent research group using eight years of Terra (2000-2007) and Aqua (2002-2009). Uncertainties in the DB AOD were identified and studied, and our results show that the performance of DB c5.1 is strongly dependent on surface albedo and aerosol microphysics. Using data with only "very good" quality assurance, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the DB Terra (Aqua) AOD is 0.24 (0.19) when validated against AERONET. Expanding upon the uncertainty analysis, the potential of applying the DB products for aerosol assimilation was explored. Empirical corrections and quality assurance procedures were developed for North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to create a data assimilation (DA)-quality DB product. After applying those procedures, the RMSE is reduced by 18.1% (18.2 %) for Terra (Aqua) DB data. Prognostic error models of 0.069 + 0.175 x AOD(Terra_DB) with no noise floor and 0.048 + 0.182 x AOD(Aqua_DB) with a noise floor of 0.104 were found for DA-quality Terra and Aqua DB data, respectively. These procedures were also applied to two months of DB collection 6 (c6) AOD data, and reductions in RMSE were found, indicating that the algorithms developed for c5.1 data are applicable to c6 data to some extent. C1 [Shi, Y.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Hsu, N. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM yingxi.shi@my.und.edu RI Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322 and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Yingxi Shi is funded by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the coastal sites used in this investigation. We also appreciate the MODIS Deep Blue team, who provided us the preliminary MODIS DB c6 data. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 949 EP 969 DI 10.5194/amt-6-949-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IM UT WOS:000318429000007 ER PT J AU Vasilkov, A Joiner, J Spurr, R AF Vasilkov, A. Joiner, J. Spurr, R. TI Note on rotational-Raman scattering in the O-2 A- and B-bands SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; CO2 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; SPACE; SIMULATIONS; SCIAMACHY; SPECTRA; LINES; GOSAT AB Quantifying the impact of rotational-Raman scattering (RRS) on the O-2 A- and B-bands is important as these bands can be used for cloud and aerosol characterization for trace-gas retrievals including CO2 and CH4. In this paper, we simulate the spectral effects of RRS for various viewing geometries and instruments with different spectral resolutions. We also examine how aerosols affect the amount of RRS filling-in. We show that the filling-in effects of RRS are relatively small, but not negligible, in these O-2 absorption bands, particularly for high-spectral-resolution instruments. For comparison, we also compare and contrast the spectral signatures of RRS with those of terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence. C1 [Vasilkov, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Joiner, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Spurr, R.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Vasilkov, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. EM alexander.vasilkov@ssaihq.com RI Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012 FU NASA Carbon Cycle Science program [NNH10DA001N] FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science program (NNH10DA001N) managed by Diane E. Wickland and Richard Eckman. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.5194/amt-6-981-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IM UT WOS:000318429000009 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Khan, MN da Silva, A Patadia, F AF Gupta, Pawan Khan, Maudood N. da Silva, Arlindo Patadia, Falguni TI MODIS aerosol optical depth observations over urban areas in Pakistan: quantity and quality of the data for air quality monitoring SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air quality; MODIS; aerosols; Pakistan; AOD ID PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE; THICKNESS; PRODUCTS; LAND; MISR; RETRIEVAL; CITIES; TREND AB Ten years (2001-2010) of aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from the MODerate resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) over two large urban centers in Pakistan have been analyzed for atmospheric aerosol loading and surface level particulate matter air quality assessments. MODIS Level 2 AOD data over Karachi and Lahore were analyzed for availability of aerosols data, spatial gradients, and long term trends. MODIS AOD used in this analysis is retrieved using the dark target algorithm. Availability of AOD data over Karachi and its surroundings is seriously impacted by the presence of bright surfaces - a well known limitation of the retrieval algorithm. The Lahore region does not experience this problem due to its relatively darker surface, and therefore permits a more in-depth analysis. Due to the lack of available AOD data, analysis over Karachi has not been performed. A spatial gradient of 0.2/degree in AOD have been found over Lahore, which indicate high aerosol loading near the city center as compared to outside the city area. Long-term trend analysis over Lahore shows a decreasing trend in AOD with slope of -0.07 over the last decade. The surface level particulate matter estimates using AOD-PM relationship suggest that Lahore experience unhealthy air quality on more than 80% days in any given year. C1 [Gupta, Pawan; Khan, Maudood N.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Gupta, Pawan; da Silva, Arlindo; Patadia, Falguni] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Khan, Maudood N.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Patadia, Falguni] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Gupta, P (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM pawan.gupta@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 4 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.5094/APR.2013.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 140WB UT WOS:000318685900005 ER PT J AU Arumugam, DD Ricketts, DS AF Arumugam, Darmindra D. Ricketts, David S. TI Passive Magnetoquasistatic Position Measurement Using Coupled Magnetic Resonances SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Coupled magnetic resonances; electromagnetic (EM) fields; magnetoquasistatics; radio position measurement AB Measurements of the reflected magnetoquasistatic fields at the terminals of a fixed generating resonant magnetic dipole (an electrically small resonating current loop) due to a mobile coupled resonating magnetic dipole is presented. Using a copolarized fixed transmit-receive and mobile loop, with co-aligned loop surface normals, coupling was measured for distances up to 2.19 m along the direction of the surface normals to include the strongly coupled magnetic resonance region. Inverting the theoretical expressions to estimate distance from measured field values resulted in an average and rms error of 0.61 and 0.76 cm, respectively, for distances up to 1.686 m. C1 [Arumugam, Darmindra D.; Ricketts, David S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Arumugam, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM darmindra.d.arumugam@jpl.nasa.gov; ricketts@ece.cmu.edu NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2013 VL 12 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2257156 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 138XD UT WOS:000318544000001 ER PT J AU Siegel, PH AF Siegel, Peter H. TI Untitled SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Siegel, Peter H.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Siegel, Peter H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Siegel, PH (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2012.2236920 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 142BD UT WOS:000318770000001 ER PT J AU Siegel, PH AF Siegel, Peter H. TI Terahertz Pioneers A Series of Interviews With Significant Contributors to Terahertz Science and Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Siegel, Peter H.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Siegel, Peter H.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Siegel, PH (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2238629 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 142BD UT WOS:000318770000002 ER PT J AU Siegel, PH AF Siegel, Peter H. TI Terahertz Pioneer: Federico Capasso "Physics by Design: Engineering Our Way Out of the THz Gap" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Siegel, Peter H.] CALTECH, Dept Biol & Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Siegel, Peter H.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Siegel, PH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Biol & Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM phs@caltech.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2238631 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 142BD UT WOS:000318770000003 ER PT J AU Rim, T Kim, K Hong, N Ko, W Baek, CK Jeon, S Deen, MJ Meyyappan, M Jeong, YH Lee, JS AF Rim, Taiuk Kim, Kihyun Hong, Nanki Ko, Wooree Baek, Chang-Ki Jeon, Sangmin Deen, M. Jamal Meyyappan, M. Jeong, Yoon-Ha Lee, Jeong-Soo TI Investigation of the electrical stability of Si-nanowire biologically sensitive field-effect transistors with embedded Ag/AgCl pseudo reference electrode SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LABEL-FREE; EFFECT SENSORS; IMMUNODETECTION; FABRICATION; OPERATION; DEVICES; SERUM AB We report on the electrical stability of Si-nanowire biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) fabricated using conventional microfabrication technique, with an embedded Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode (pRE) formed by an electrochemical method. The open-circuit potential (OCP) characteristics between the pRE and a commercial reference electrode have been measured in order to evaluate the influence of the pRE potential on the device performance. In a pH sensing mode, the fabricated pRE follows the applied potential accurately with a small offset value of below 6 mV for pH in the range of 4 to 10. The BioFET was also used for the detection of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) with a detection limit of 10 pg mL(-1) and the corresponding OCP fluctuation of the pRE was less than 1.5 mV, independent of the AFP concentrations. These results suggest that the Si-NW BioFETs with the embedded Ag/AgCl pRE are very promising for reliable biosensing applications. C1 [Rim, Taiuk; Kim, Kihyun; Hong, Nanki; Jeong, Yoon-Ha; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Ko, Wooree; Jeon, Sangmin] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Baek, Chang-Ki; Jeong, Yoon-Ha] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Creat IT Excellence Engn, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Deen, M. Jamal; Meyyappan, M.; Jeong, Yoon-Ha; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Deen, M. Jamal] McMaster Univ, ECE Dept, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Rim, T (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang, South Korea. EM yhjeong@postech.ac.kr; ljs6951@postech.ac.kr FU Brain Korea 21 Program; World Class University (WCU) program [R31-10100]; IT Consilience Creative Program support program of the NIPA [C1515-1121-0003] FX This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Program, the World Class University (WCU) program (R31-10100), the "IT Consilience Creative Program" support program of the NIPA (C1515-1121-0003). The authors thank the staff at the National Center for Nanomaterials Technology in Pohang, Korea for their assistance in the device fabrication. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 21 BP 7963 EP 7969 DI 10.1039/c3ra40768c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 140DH UT WOS:000318634000046 ER PT J AU Braito, V Ballo, L Reeves, JN Risaliti, G Ptak, A Turner, TJ AF Braito, V. Ballo, L. Reeves, J. N. Risaliti, G. Ptak, A. Turner, T. J. TI Decoupling absorption and continuum variability in the Seyfert 2 NGC 4507 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual: NGC 4507; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; XMM-NEWTON; GALAXY NGC-4507; K-LINES; PDS 456; AGN; SUZAKU; ABSORBER; EMISSION AB We present the results of the Suzaku observation of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4507. This source is one of the X-ray brightest Compton-thin Seyfert 2s and a candidate for a variable absorber. Suzaku caught NGC 4507 in a highly absorbed state characterized by a high column density (N-H similar to 8 x 10(23) cm(-2)), a strong reflected component (R similar to 1.9) and a high equivalent width FeK alpha emission line (EW similar to 500 eV). The FeK alpha emission line is unresolved at the resolution of the Suzaku CCDs [sigma < 30 eV or full width at half-maximum (FWHM) < 3000 km s(-1)] and most likely originates in a distant absorber. The Fe K beta emission line is also clearly detected and its intensity is marginally higher than the theoretical value for low ionization Fe. A comparison with previous observations performed with XMM-Newton and BeppoSAX reveals that the X-ray spectral curvature changes on a time-scale of a few months. We analysed all these historical observations, with standard models as well as with a most recent model for a toroidal reprocessor and found that the main driver of the observed 2-10 keV spectral variability is a change of the line-of-sight obscuration, varying from similar to 4 x 10(23) to similar to 9 x 10(23) cm(-2). The primary continuum is also variable, although its photon index does not appear to vary, while the FeK alpha line and reflection component are consistent with being constant across the observations. This suggests the presence of a rather constant reprocessor and that the observed line-of-sight N-H variability is either due to a certain degree of clumpiness of the putative torus or due to the presence of a second clumpy absorber. C1 [Braito, V.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. [Ballo, L.] CSIC UC, Inst Fs Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Reeves, J. N.] Keele Univ, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Reeves, J. N.; Turner, T. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Risaliti, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Risaliti, G.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Ptak, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Braito, V (reprint author), Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. EM valentina.braito@brera.inaf.it RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; OI Braito, Valentina/0000-0002-2629-4989; Ballo, Lucia/0000-0002-5036-3497; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 3 BP 2516 EP 2528 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts226 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134RA UT WOS:000318230700051 ER PT J AU Casey, MP Zwintz, K Guenther, DB Weiss, WW Amado, PJ Diaz-Fraile, D Rodriguez, E Kuschnig, R Matthews, JM Moffat, AFJ Rowe, JF Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D AF Casey, M. P. Zwintz, K. Guenther, D. B. Weiss, W. W. Amado, P. J. Diaz-Fraile, D. Rodriguez, E. Kuschnig, R. Matthews, J. M. Moffat, A. F. J. Rowe, J. F. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. TI MOST observations of the Herbig Ae delta-Scuti star HD 34282 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE asteroseismology; techniques: photometric; stars: individual: HD 34282; stars: pre-main sequence; stars: variables: delta Scuti ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; FREQUENCY; PHOTOMETRY; SATELLITE; CATALOG; SPACE; MODES; SUN AB Microvariability and Oscillations of STars (MOST) observations and model analysis of the Herbig Ae star HD 34282 (V1366 Ori) reveal delta Scuti pulsations. 22 frequencies are observed, 10 of which confirm those previously identified by Amado et al. and 12 of which are newly discovered in this work. We show that the weighted-average frequency in each group fits the radial p-mode frequencies of viable models. We argue that the observed pulsation spectrum extends just to the edge to the acoustic cut-off frequency and shows that this is also consistent with our best-fitting models. C1 [Casey, M. P.; Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Computat Astrophys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Zwintz, K.; Weiss, W. W.; Kuschnig, R.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Amado, P. J.; Diaz-Fraile, D.; Rodriguez, E.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Matthews, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rowe, J. F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rucinski, S. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Casey, MP (reprint author), St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Computat Astrophys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. EM mcasey@ap.smu.ca RI Amado, Pedro Jose/G-3450-2011; OI Amado, Pedro Jose/0000-0002-8388-6040; Rodriguez, Eloy/0000-0001-6827-9077 FU Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Astronomy of the University Vienna; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FQRNT; Austrian Science Fund [P22691-N16]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency-ALR; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AYA2010-14840]; Junta de Andalucia; Direccion General de Investigacion (DGI) [AYA2009-10394] FX KZ is a recipient of an APART fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Astronomy of the University Vienna. DBG, MPC, SMR and AFJM acknowledge the funding support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. AFJM also acknowledges the funding support of FQRNT. RK and WWW are supported by the Austrian Science Fund (P22691-N16) and by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency-ALR. PJA acknowledges financial support of the previous Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), currently Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant AYA2010-14840. DD and ER acknowledge the support by the Junta de Andalucia and the Direccion General de Investigacion (DGI), project AYA2009-10394. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 3 BP 2596 EP 2604 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts241 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134RA UT WOS:000318230700056 ER PT S AU Horton, KR Holbrook, JC AF Horton, K. Renee Holbrook, J. C. BE Cunningham, BA TI Gender Studies and the Role of Women in Physics SO WOMEN IN PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics CY APR 05-08, 2011 CL Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Alfred P Sloan Fdn, Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Amer Assoc Phys Teachers, Amer Phys Soc, Abdus Salam Int Centre Theoret Phys, Argonne Natl Lab, Deutsch Physikalische Gesell, Diverse Media Works LLC, Dorothy Jemison Fdn Excellence, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Int Centre Theoret Phys, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Johns Hopkins Univ, John Wiley & Sons, Korean Phys Soc, LIGO-California Inst Technol, LOreal, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Massachusetts Inst Technol, Michigan State Univ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, NE Univ, Coll Sci, Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Phys Soc Japan, Scholast Inc, Stanford Univ, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, UNESCO, Univ Dist Columbia, Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astronomy, Dept Sci & Technol, Council Sci & Ind Res (Def Peace Safety & Secur; Mat Sci & Mfg; R&D; R&D Outcomes & Human Capital Dev), Juta Publishers, Natl Res Fdn, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, S African Agcy Sci & Technol Awareness, S African Inst Phys, Square Kilometre Array Africa, Univ Pretoria, Dept Phys DE women in physics; gender studies AB While many physicists care about improving the success of women in physics, research on effective intervention strategies has been meager. What research that does exist focuses largely on the dynamics of under-representation: the factors that discourage women from choosing and remaining committed to the physics community. Rather than focusing on these deficits, this workshop set out to provide tools physicists can use to produce, analyze, and apply evidence about what works for women. C1 [Horton, K. Renee] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Horton, KR (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1138-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1517 BP 33 EP 34 DI 10.1063/1.4794216 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BEK11 UT WOS:000317018600011 ER PT S AU Gutierrez, DH Lake, J Javier, C Cheng, A Tanaka, Z Londono, NJ Chen, B AF Gutierrez, Daniel H. Lake, John Javier, Cristina Cheng, Arthur Tanaka, Zuki Londono, Nicolas J. Chen, Bin BE Vincenzini, P Hahn, YB Iannotta, S Lendlein, A Palermo, V Paul, S Sibilia, C Silva, SRP Srinivasan, G TI Phoretic Deposition of Graphene on Manganese-Cobalt Oxide Composites for Supercapacitor Electrodes SO ADAPTIVE, ACTIVE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL SMART MATERIALS SYSTEMS SE Advances in Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Adaptive, Active and Multifunctional Smart Materials Systems of CIMTEC / 4th International Conference on Smart Materials, Structures and Systems CY JUN 10-14, 2012 CL Montecatini Terme, ITALY DE reduced graphene Oxide; electric double layer capacitance; pseudocapcitance; electrophoretic deposition (EPD) AB Great focus has been directed towards double-layer capacitance and Faradic, redox reactions because of their long device lifetimes and their high power densities, respectively. Our novel approach to combining these mechanisms in a tri-layered composite electrode promises to increase the energy densities of the device, without sacrificing the supercapacitance and the high power densities attributed with it. Initial analysis of the interfacial interactions of graphene oxide (GO) and manganese oxide (MnO2) were promising. This paper aims to further demonstrate the tri-layered composite by forming a layer of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on MnO2 nanowires and cobalt oxide nanorods. We have successfully created the first of a kind supercapacitor electrode material as a scalable device. In this paper, in addition to analysis of the composite electrode, we present modifications to the traditional electrophoretic deposition process and optimizations to the thermal reduction of GO in order to create rGO surfaces on substrates that are normally difficult to adhere it to. C1 [Lake, John; Javier, Cristina; Cheng, Arthur; Tanaka, Zuki; Londono, Nicolas J.; Chen, Bin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS23924, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gutierrez, DH (reprint author), POB 13755, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bigdun64@stanford.edu; bin.chen-1@nasa.gov RI Iannotta, Salvatore/O-9889-2015 OI Iannotta, Salvatore/0000-0001-7743-1317 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-0356 BN 978-3-908158-63-9 J9 ADV SCI TECH PY 2013 VL 77 BP 302 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.77.302 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEQ93 UT WOS:000317790300047 ER PT J AU Luckring, JM AF Luckring, James M. TI Initial experiments and analysis of blunt-edge vortex flows for VFE-2 configurations at NASA Langley, USA SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vortical flow; Delta wing; Blunt-leading edge; Experiments and/or numerics AB A review is presented of the initial experimental results and analysis that formed the basis the Vortex Flow Experiment 2 (VFE-2). The focus of this work was to distinguish the basic effects of Reynolds number, Mach number, angle of attack, and leading-edge bluntness on separation-induced leading-edge vortex flows that are common to slender wings. Primary analysis is focused on detailed static surface pressure distributions, and the results demonstrate significant effects regarding the onset and progression of leading-edge vortex separation. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Luckring, James M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM james.m.luckring@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 EI 1626-3219 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2012.02.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131LO UT WOS:000317995400002 ER PT J AU Luckring, JM Hummel, D AF Luckring, James M. Hummel, Dietrich TI What was learned from the new VFE-2 experiments SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vortical flow; Delta wing; Blunt leading edge; Experiments and/or numerics AB In the present paper the main results of the new experiments from VFE-2 are summarized. These include some force and moment results, surface and off-body measurements, as well as steady and fluctuating quantities. Some critical remarks are added, and an outlook for future investigations is given. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Luckring, James M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Hummel, Dietrich] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Fluid Mech, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. EM james.m.luckring@nasa.gov FU Research and Technology Organization's Applied Vehicle Technology panel (RTO/AVT) FX The authors wish to express their appreciation to the following research establishments for having built (or put on loan) new wind tunnel models and for having provided wind tunnels, experimental techniques and staff to carry out these experimental investigations: NASA Langley Research Center (USA), DLR Goettingen and TU Munich (DEU), ONERA (FRA), University of Glasgow (GBR) and TUBITAK-SAGE (TUR). Finally, the authors also wish to express their appreciation to the Research and Technology Organization's Applied Vehicle Technology panel (RTO/AVT) for sponsoring these Vortex Flow Experiment 2 activities. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2011.07.012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131LO UT WOS:000317995400008 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Lamarque, JF Schulz, M Flanner, M Jiao, C Chin, M Young, PJ Lee, YH Rotstayn, L Mahowald, N Milly, G Faluvegi, G Balkanski, Y Collins, WJ Conley, AJ Dalsoren, S Easter, R Ghan, S Horowitz, L Liu, X Myhre, G Nagashima, T Naik, V Rumbold, ST Skeie, R Sudo, K Szopa, S Takemura, T Voulgarakis, A Yoon, JH Lo, F AF Shindell, D. T. Lamarque, J. -F. Schulz, M. Flanner, M. Jiao, C. Chin, M. Young, P. J. Lee, Y. H. Rotstayn, L. Mahowald, N. Milly, G. Faluvegi, G. Balkanski, Y. Collins, W. J. Conley, A. J. Dalsoren, S. Easter, R. Ghan, S. Horowitz, L. Liu, X. Myhre, G. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Takemura, T. Voulgarakis, A. Yoon, J. -H. Lo, F. TI Radiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; BLACK CARBON; SYSTEM MODEL; AEROSOL; PREINDUSTRIAL; CHEMISTRY; SENSITIVITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSIONS AB The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) examined the short-lived drivers of climate change in current climate models. Here we evaluate the 10 ACCMIP models that included aerosols, 8 of which also participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The models reproduce present-day total aerosol optical depth (AOD) relatively well, though many are biased low. Contributions from individual aerosol components are quite different, however, and most models underestimate east Asian AOD. The models capture most 1980-2000 AOD trends well, but underpredict increases over the Yellow/Eastern Sea. They strongly underestimate absorbing AOD in many regions. We examine both the direct radiative forcing (RF) and the forcing including rapid adjustments (effective radiative forcing; ERF, including direct and indirect effects). The models' all-sky 1850 to 2000 global mean annual average total aerosol RF is (mean; range) -0.26 Wm(-2); -0.06 to -0.49 Wm(-2). Screening based on model skill in capturing observed AOD yields a best estimate of -0.42 Wm(-2); -0.33 to -0.50 Wm(-2), including adjustment for missing aerosol components in some models. Many ACCMIP and CMIP5 models appear to produce substantially smaller aerosol RF than this best estimate. Climate feedbacks contribute substantially (35 to -58%) to modeled historical aerosol RF. The 1850 to 2000 aerosol ERF is -1.17 Wm(-2); -0.71 to -1.44 Wm(-2). Thus adjustments, including clouds, typically cause greater forcing than direct RF. Despite this, the multi-model spread relative to the mean is typically the same for ERF as it is for RF, or even smaller, over areas with substantial forcing. The largest 1850 to 2000 negative aerosol RF and ERF values are over and near Europe, south and east Asia and North America. ERF, however, is positive over the Sahara, the Karakoram, high Southern latitudes and especially the Arctic. Global aerosol RF peaks in most models around 1980, declining thereafter with only weak sensitivity to the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). One model, however, projects approximately stable RF levels, while two show increasingly negative RF due to nitrate (not included in most models). Aerosol ERF, in contrast, becomes more negative during 1980 to 2000. During this period, increased Asian emissions appear to have a larger impact on aerosol ERF than European and North American decreases due to their being upwind of the large, relatively pristine Pacific Ocean. There is no clear relationship between historical aerosol ERF and climate sensitivity in the CMIP5 subset of ACCMIP models. In the ACCMIP/CMIP5 models, historical aerosol ERF of about -0.8 to -1.5 Wm(-2) is most consistent with observed historical warming. Aerosol ERF masks a large portion of greenhouse forcing during the late 20th and early 21st century at the global scale. Regionally, aerosol ERF is so large that net forcing is negative over most industrialized and biomass burning regions through 1980, but remains strongly negative only over east and southeast Asia by 2000. Net forcing is strongly positive by 1980 over most deserts, the Arctic, Australia, and most tropical oceans. Both the magnitude of and area covered by positive forcing expand steadily thereafter. C1 [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.; Milly, G.; Faluvegi, G.; Voulgarakis, A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.; Milly, G.; Faluvegi, G.; Voulgarakis, A.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.; Conley, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Schulz, M.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway. [Flanner, M.; Jiao, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Rotstayn, L.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Mahowald, N.; Lo, F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Balkanski, Y.; Szopa, S.] IPSL, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Collins, W. J.; Rumbold, S. T.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dalsoren, S.; Myhre, G.; Skeie, R.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.; Yoon, J. -H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov RI Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Jiao, Chaoyi/F-9065-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009 OI Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078 FU NASA MAP program; ACMAP program; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS); National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; Norwegian Research Council; Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (ACC); project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC); Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP) FX Thanks to Stephen Jeffrey for assistance with data analysis. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Tables 1, G1 and G2 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output as well as the satellite data teams. The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. DS acknowledges support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. S. Ghan was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. W. J. Collins and S. T. Rumbold were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). NR 78 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 8 U2 94 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 2939 EP 2974 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2939-2013 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000002 ER PT J AU Pitts, MC Poole, LR Lambert, A Thomason, LW AF Pitts, M. C. Poole, L. R. Lambert, A. Thomason, L. W. TI An assessment of CALIOP polar stratospheric cloud composition classification SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; A-TRAIN; CALIPSO; LIDAR; WINTER; MLS; SEASON AB This study assesses the robustness of the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) composition classification algorithm - which is based solely on the spaceborne lidar data - through the use of nearly coincident gas-phase HNO3 and H2O data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Aura and Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) temperature analyses. Following the approach of Lambert et al. (2012), we compared the observed temperature-dependent HNO3 uptake by PSCs in the various CALIOP composition classes with modeled uptake for supercooled ternary solutions (STS) and equilibrium nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). We examined the CALIOP PSC data record from both polar regions over the period from 2006 through 2011 and over a range of potential temperature levels spanning the 15-30 km altitude range. We found that most PSCs identified as STS exhibit gas phase uptake of HNO3 consistent with theory, but with a small temperature bias, similar to Lambert et al. (2012). Ice PSC classification is also robust in the CALIOP optical data, with the mode in the ice observations occurring about 0.5K below the frost point. We found that CALIOP PSCs identified as NAT mixtures exhibit two distinct preferred modes which reflect the fact that the growth of NAT particles is kinetically limited. One mode is significantly out of thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to NAT due to short exposure times to temperatures below the NAT existence temperature, T-NAT, with HNO3 uptake dominated by the more numerous liquid droplets. The other NAT mixture mode is much closer to NAT thermodynamic equilibrium, indicating that the particles have been exposed to temperatures below T-NAT for extended periods of time. With a few notable exceptions, PSCs in the various composition classes conform well to their expected temperature existence regimes. We have a good understanding of the cause of the minor misclassifications that do occur and will investigate means to correct these deficiencies in our next generation algorithm. C1 [Pitts, M. C.; Thomason, L. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Poole, L. R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Lambert, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pitts, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov OI Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840 FU NASA [NNL11AA10D]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; EC [RECONCILE-226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1] FX The Aura MLS gas species data and Derived Meteorological Products (DMP) were provided courtesy of the MLS team and obtained through the Aura MLS website (http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/index-eos-mls.php). We would like to thank Ines Engel (ETH Zurich) and Jens-Uwe Grooss (Forschungszentrum Julich) for providing CLaMS trajectory analyses and temperature histories. We would also like to thank David Considine, Program Scientist for the CALIPSO/CloudSat Missions for continued support of this research. Support for L. Poole is provided under NASA contract NNL11AA10D. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work of I. Engel and J.-U. Grooss was supported by the EC as part of the FP7 project RECONCILE (Grant number: RECONCILE-226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1). NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 2975 EP 2988 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2975-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000003 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DS Young, PJ Naik, V Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Voulgarakis, A Skeie, RB Dalsoren, SB Myhre, G Berntsen, TK Folberth, GA Rumbold, ST Collins, WJ MacKenzie, IA Doherty, RM Zeng, G van Noije, TPC Strunk, A Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Plummer, DA Strode, SA Horowitz, L Lee, YH Szopa, S Sudo, K Nagashima, T Josse, B Cionni, I Righi, M Eyring, V Conley, A Bowman, KW Wild, O Archibald, A AF Stevenson, D. S. Young, P. J. Naik, V. Lamarque, J. -F. Shindell, D. T. Voulgarakis, A. Skeie, R. B. Dalsoren, S. B. Myhre, G. Berntsen, T. K. Folberth, G. A. Rumbold, S. T. Collins, W. J. MacKenzie, I. A. Doherty, R. M. Zeng, G. van Noije, T. P. C. Strunk, A. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Plummer, D. A. Strode, S. A. Horowitz, L. Lee, Y. H. Szopa, S. Sudo, K. Nagashima, T. Josse, B. Cionni, I. Righi, M. Eyring, V. Conley, A. Bowman, K. W. Wild, O. Archibald, A. TI Tropospheric ozone changes, radiative forcing and attribution to emissions in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; SURFACE OZONE; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; 3-D MODELS; METHANE; AIR AB Ozone (O-3) from 17 atmospheric chemistry models taking part in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) has been used to calculate tropospheric ozone radiative forcings (RFs). All models applied a common set of anthropogenic emissions, which are better constrained for the present-day than the past. Future anthropogenic emissions follow the four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, which define a relatively narrow range of possible air pollution emissions. We calculate a value for the pre-industrial (1750) to present-day (2010) tropospheric ozone RF of 410 mW m(-2). The model range of pre-industrial to present-day changes in O-3 produces a spread (+/- 1 standard deviation) in RFs of +/- 17 %. Three different radiation schemes were used we find differences in RFs between schemes (for the same ozone fields) of +/- 10 %. Applying two different tropopause definitions gives differences in RFs of +/- 3 %. Given additional (unquantified) uncertainties associated with emissions, climate-chemistry interactions and land-use change, we estimate an overall uncertainty of +/- 30% for the tropospheric ozone RF. Experiments carried out by a subset of six models attribute tropospheric ozone RF to increased emissions of methane (44 +/- 12 %), nitrogen oxides (31 +/- 9 %), carbon monoxide (15 +/- 3 %) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (9 +/- 2 %); earlier studies attributed more of the tropospheric ozone RF to methane and less to nitrogen oxides. Normalising RFs to changes in tropospheric column ozone, we find a global mean normalised RF of 42 mW m(-2) DU-1, a value similar to previous work. Using normalised RFs and future tropospheric column ozone projections we calculate future tropospheric ozone RFs (mW m(-2); relative to 1750) for the four future scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) of 350, 420, 370 and 460 (in 2030), and 200, 300, 280 and 600 (in 2100). Models show some coherent responses of ozone to climate change: decreases in the tropical lower troposphere, associated with increases in water vapour; and increases in the sub-tropical to mid-latitude upper troposphere, associated with increases in lightning and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport. Climate change has relatively small impacts on global mean tropospheric ozone RF. C1 [Stevenson, D. S.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Doherty, R. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.; Conley, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Skeie, R. B.; Dalsoren, S. B.; Myhre, G.; Berntsen, T. K.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Folberth, G. A.; Rumbold, S. T.; Collins, W. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [van Noije, T. P. C.; Strunk, A.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Josse, B.] CNRS Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, CNRM, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Righi, M.; Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Bowman, K. W.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Archibald, A.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Stevenson, DS (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM david.s.stevenson@ed.ac.uk RI Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013 OI Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Archibald, Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700 FU Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (ACC); Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Defra SSNIP air quality contract [AQ 0902]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme; Norwegian Research Council; Meteo-France; CNRS; NASA MAP program; NASA ACMAP program; SciDAC program of the Dept. of Energy; UK Met Office; NOAA; CICERO; NIWA; Edinburgh University FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. D. S. thanks James Manners for assistance in setting up the E-S radiation code. GAF, STR and WJC were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101) and the Defra SSNIP air quality contract AQ 0902. GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The work of DB and PC was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were perfomed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The STOC-HadAM3 work made use of the facilities of HECToR, the UK's national high-performance computing service, which is provided by UoE HPCx Ltd at the University of Edinburgh, Cray Inc and NAG Ltd., and funded by the Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme. The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS. Supercomputing time was provided by Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing center. DTS and YHL acknowledge support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. D. P. would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. AC was supported by the SciDAC program of the Dept. of Energy.; Finally, we acknowledge support towards publication costs from the UK Met Office, NOAA, CICERO and NIWA, in the absence of support from Edinburgh University. NR 99 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 87 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3063 EP 3085 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3063-2013 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000008 ER PT J AU Roberts, YL Pilewskie, P Kindel, BC Feldman, DR Collins, WD AF Roberts, Y. L. Pilewskie, P. Kindel, B. C. Feldman, D. R. Collins, W. D. TI Quantitative comparison of the variability in observed and simulated shortwave reflectance SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODELS; SPECTRA; RADIOMETRY; EARTH AB The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is a climate observation system that has been designed to monitor the Earth's climate with unprecedented absolute radiometric accuracy and SI traceability. Climate Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been generated to simulate CLARREO hyperspectral shortwave imager measurements to help define the measurement characteristics needed for CLARREO to achieve its objectives. To evaluate how well the OSSE-simulated reflectance spectra reproduce the Earth's climate variability at the beginning of the 21st century, we compared the variability of the OSSE reflectance spectra to that of the reflectance spectra measured by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIA-MACHY). Principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate decomposition technique used to represent and study the variability of hyperspectral radiation measurements. Using PCA, between 99.7% and 99.9% of the total variance the OSSE and SCIAMACHY data sets can be explained by subspaces defined by six principal components (PCs). To quantify how much information is shared between the simulated and observed data sets, we spectrally decomposed the intersection of the two data set subspaces. The results from four cases in 2004 showed that the two data sets share eight (January and October) and seven (April and July) dimensions, which correspond to about 99.9% of the total SCIAMACHY variance for each month. The spectral nature of these shared spaces, understood by examining the transformed eigenvectors calculated from the subspace intersections, exhibit similar physical characteristics to the original PCs calculated from each data set, such as water vapor absorption, vegetation reflectance, and cloud reflectance. C1 [Roberts, Y. L.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberts, Y. L.; Pilewskie, P.; Kindel, B. C.] Lab Atmospher & Space Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Roberts, Y. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Feldman, D. R.; Collins, W. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Collins, W. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roberts, YL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yolanda.l.roberts@nasa.gov RI Feldman, Daniel/N-8703-2013; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Feldman, Daniel/0000-0003-3365-5233; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3133 EP 3147 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3133-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000013 ER PT J AU van Diedenhoven, B Cairns, B Fridlind, AM Ackerman, AS Garrett, TJ AF van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, B. Fridlind, A. M. Ackerman, A. S. Garrett, T. J. TI Remote sensing of ice crystal asymmetry parameter using multi-directional polarization measurements - Part 2: Application to the Research Scanning Polarimeter SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; SOLAR RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; CLOUD RADAR SYSTEM; CIRRUS CLOUDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; AIRCRAFT PROBES AB A new method to retrieve ice cloud asymmetry parameters from multi-directional polarized reflectance measurements is applied to measurements of the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) obtained during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign in 2002. The method assumes individual hexagonal ice columns and plates serve as proxies for more complex shapes and aggregates. The closest fit is searched in a look-up table of simulated polarized reflectances computed for cloud layers that contain individual, randomly oriented hexagonal columns and plates with a virtually continuous selection of aspect ratios and distortion. The asymmetry parameter, aspect ratio and distortion of the hexagonal particle that leads to the best fit with the measurements are considered the retrieved values. Two cases of thick convective clouds and two cases of thinner anvil cloud layers are analyzed. Median asymmetry parameters retrieved by the RSP range from 0.76 to 0.78, and are generally smaller than those currently assumed in most climate models and satellite retrievals. In all cases the measurements indicate roughened or distorted ice crystals, which is consistent with previous findings. Retrieved aspect ratios in three of the cases range from 0.9 to 1.6, indicating compact particles dominate the cloud-top shortwave radiation. Retrievals for the remaining case indicate plate-like ice crystals with aspect ratios around 0.3. The RSP retrievals are qualitatively consistent with the CPI images obtained in the same cloud layers. Retrieved asymmetry parameters are compared to those determined in situ by the Cloud Integrating Nephelometer (CIN). For two cases, the median values of asymmetry parameter retrieved by CIN and RSP agree within 0.01, while for the two other cases RSP asymmetry parameters are about 0.03-0.05 greater than those obtained by the CIN. Part of this bias might be explained by vertical variation of the asymmetry parameter or ice shattering on the CIN probe, or both. C1 [van Diedenhoven, B.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. [van Diedenhoven, B.; Cairns, B.; Fridlind, A. M.; Ackerman, A. S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Garrett, T. J.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP van Diedenhoven, B (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM bastiaan.vandiedenhoven@nasa.gov RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan/A-2002-2013; OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan/0000-0001-5622-8619; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU NASA ROSES program [NNX11AG81G]; NASA Radiation Science Program FX This material is based upon work supported by the NASA ROSES program under grant number NNX11AG81G and by the NASA Radiation Science Program managed by Hal Maring in support of the SEAC4RS field experiment. We thank Andrzej Wasilewski for his help interpreting the level-1 RSP data. NR 83 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3185 EP 3203 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3185-2013 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000017 ER PT J AU Kulawik, SS Worden, JR Wofsy, SC Biraud, SC Nassar, R Jones, DBA Olsen, ET Jimenez, R Park, S Santoni, GW Daube, BC Pittman, JV Stephens, BB Kort, EA Osterman, GB AF Kulawik, S. S. Worden, J. R. Wofsy, S. C. Biraud, S. C. Nassar, R. Jones, D. B. A. Olsen, E. T. Jimenez, R. Park, S. Santoni, G. W. Daube, B. C. Pittman, J. V. Stephens, B. B. Kort, E. A. Osterman, G. B. CA TES Team TI Comparison of improved Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer CO2 with HIPPO and SGP aircraft profile measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; ERROR ANALYSIS; TES; SATELLITE; SURFACE; ALTITUDE; GASES; SPACE; BIAS AB Thermal infrared radiances from the Troposheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) between 10 and 15 mu m contain significant carbon dioxide (CO2) information, however the CO2 signal must be separated from radiative interference from temperature, surface and cloud parameters, water, and other trace gases. Validation requires data sources spanning the range of TES CO2 sensitivity, which is approximately 2.5 to 12 km with peak sensitivity at about 5 km and the range of TES observations in latitude (40 degrees S to 40 degrees N) and time (2005-2011). We therefore characterize Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) CO2 version 5 biases and errors through comparisons to ocean and land-based aircraft profiles and to the Carbon Tracker assimilation system. We compare to ocean profiles from the first three Hiaper Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns between 40 degrees S and 40 degrees N with measurements between the surface and 14 km and find that TES CO2 estimates capture the seasonal and latitudinal gradients observed by HIPPO CO2 measurements. Actual errors range from 0.8-1.8 ppm, depending on the campaign and pressure level, and are approximately 1.6-2 times larger than the predicted errors. The bias of TES versus HIPPO is within 1 ppm for all pressures and datasets; however, several of the sub-tropical TES CO2 estimates are lower than expected based on the calculated errors. Comparisons to land aircraft profiles from the United States Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) between 2005 and 2011 measured form the surface to 5 km to TES CO2 show good agreement with an overall bias of -0.3 ppm to 0.1 ppm and standard deviations of 0.8 to 1.0 ppm at different pressure levels. Extending the SGP aircraft profiles above 5 km using AIRS or CONTRAIL measurements improves comparisons with TES. Comparisons to CarbonTracker (version CT2011) show a persistent spatially dependent bias pattern and comparisons to SGP show a time-dependent bias -0.2 ppm yr(-1). We also find that the predicted sensitivity of the TES CO2 estimates is too high, which results from using a multi-step retrieval for CO2 and temperature. We find that the averaging kernel in the TES product corrected by a pressure-dependent factor accurately reflects the sensitivity of the TES CO2 product. C1 [Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J. R.; Olsen, E. T.; Kort, E. A.; Osterman, G. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.; Santoni, G. W.; Daube, B. C.; Pittman, J. V.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.; Santoni, G. W.; Daube, B. C.; Pittman, J. V.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nassar, R.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Air Qual Res Grp, Bogota 111321, DC, Colombia. [Park, S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Taegu, South Korea. [Stephens, B. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Kulawik, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM susan.kulawik@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility [DE-AC02-288 05CH11231]; Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program; National Aeronantics and Space Administration; NASA ACMAP; National Science Foundation (NSF); Scripps Institution of Oceanography; NCAR [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388]; several offices and programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Environmental Research Laboratory; NSF FX SGP aircraft measurements were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-288 05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program.; Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under a contract with the National Aeronantics and Space Administration and funded through NASA ACMAP. 2007.; The HIPPO campaign was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants to Harvard University, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and NCAR (ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, and ATM-0628388) and by several offices and programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and the Environmental Research Laboratory. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the NSF. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3205 EP 3225 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3205-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000018 ER PT J AU Stier, P Schutgens, NAJ Bellouin, N Bian, H Boucher, O Chin, M Ghan, S Huneeus, N Kinne, S Lin, G Ma, X Myhre, G Penner, JE Randles, CA Samset, B Schulz, M Takemura, T Yu, F Yu, H Zhou, C AF Stier, P. Schutgens, N. A. J. Bellouin, N. Bian, H. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Ghan, S. Huneeus, N. Kinne, S. Lin, G. Ma, X. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Randles, C. A. Samset, B. Schulz, M. Takemura, T. Yu, F. Yu, H. Zhou, C. TI Host model uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates: results from the AeroCom Prescribed intercomparison study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PLANETARY ALBEDO; CLIMATE RESPONSE; SATELLITE; SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; NUCLEATION; SULFATE; SYSTEM; EARTH AB Simulated multi-model "diversity" in aerosol direct radiative forcing estimates is often perceived as a measure of aerosol uncertainty. However, current models used for aerosol radiative forcing calculations vary considerably in model components relevant for forcing calculations and the associated "host-model uncertainties" are generally convoluted with the actual aerosol uncertainty. In this AeroCom Prescribed intercomparison study we systematically isolate and quantify host model uncertainties on aerosol forcing experiments through prescription of identical aerosol radiative properties in twelve participating models. Even with prescribed aerosol radiative properties, simulated clear-sky and all-sky aerosol radiative forcings show significant diversity. For a purely scattering case with globally constant optical depth of 0.2, the global-mean all-sky top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing is -4.47 Wm(-2) and the inter-model standard deviation is 0.55 Wm(-2), corresponding to a relative standard deviation of 12 %. For a case with partially absorbing aerosol with an aerosol optical depth of 0.2 and single scattering albedo of 0.8, the forcing changes to 1.04 Wm(-2), and the standard deviation increases to 1.01 W-2, corresponding to a significant relative standard deviation of 97 %. However, the top-of-atmosphere forcing variability owing to absorption (subtracting the scattering case from the case with scattering and absorption) is low, with absolute (relative) standard deviations of 0.45 Wm(-2) (8 %) clear-sky and 0.62 Wm(-2) (11 %) all-sky. Scaling the forcing standard deviation for a purely scattering case to match the sulfate radiative forcing in the AeroCom Direct Effect experiment demonstrates that host model uncertainties could explain about 36% of the overall sulfate forcing diversity of 0.11 Wm(-2) in the AeroCom Direct Radiative Effect experiment. Host model errors in aerosol radiative forcing are largest in regions of uncertain host model components, such as stratocumulus cloud decks or areas with poorly constrained surface albedos, such as sea ice. Our results demonstrate that host model uncertainties are an important component of aerosol forcing uncertainty that require further attention. C1 [Stier, P.; Schutgens, N. A. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Bellouin, N.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bian, H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Bian, H.; Chin, M.; Randles, C. A.; Yu, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boucher, O.; Huneeus, N.] UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. [Ghan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Lin, G.; Penner, J. E.; Zhou, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ma, X.; Yu, F.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Myhre, G.; Samset, B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Randles, C. A.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Schulz, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Yu, H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stier, P (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM philip.stier@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; ma, xiaoyan/D-2308-2014; Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; Schutgens, Nick/B-2275-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 OI Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518; Bellouin, Nicolas/0000-0003-2109-9559; Zhou, Cheng/0000-0001-9095-2846; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; Schutgens, Nick/0000-0001-9805-6384; FU UK Natural Environment Research Council project AEROS on aerosol uncertainties [NE/G006148/1]; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers by the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan [GR079] FX This work has been supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council project AEROS on aerosol uncertainties [NE/G006148/1]. We would like to thank J. Griesfeller (MetNo) for his support with the AeroCom database and Z. Kipling (Oxford) for his helpful comments on the manuscript. S. Ghan was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. X. Ma and F. Yu were funded by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration and National Science Foundation. N. Bellouin was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). T. Takemura was supported by the Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers by the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (GR079). NR 54 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3245 EP 3270 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3245-2013 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000021 ER PT J AU Stachnik, RA Millan, L Jarnot, R Monroe, R McLinden, C Kuhl, S Pukite, J Shiotani, M Suzuki, M Kasai, Y Goutail, F Pommereau, JP Dorf, M Pfeilsticker, K AF Stachnik, R. A. Millan, L. Jarnot, R. Monroe, R. McLinden, C. Kuehl, S. Pukite, J. Shiotani, M. Suzuki, M. Kasai, Y. Goutail, F. Pommereau, J. P. Dorf, M. Pfeilsticker, K. TI Stratospheric BrO abundance measured by a balloon-borne submillimeterwave radiometer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCIAMACHY LIMB MEASUREMENTS; BROMINE BUDGET; OZONE; ABSORPTION; RETRIEVAL; CHLORINE; WINTER; UV; CLIMATOLOGY; SENSITIVITY AB Measurements of mixing ratio profiles of stratospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) were made using observations of BrO rotational line emission at 650.179 GHz by a balloon-borne SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) submillimeterwave heterodyne limb sounder (SLS). The balloon was launched from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico (34 degrees N) on 22 September 2011. Peak mid-day BrO abundance varied from 16 +/- 2 ppt at 34 km to 6 +/- 4 ppt at 16 km. Corresponding estimates of total inorganic bromine (Br-y), derived from BrO vmr (volume mixing ratio) using a photochemical box model, were 21 +/- 3 ppt and 11 +/- 5 ppt, respectively. Inferred Br-y abundance exceeds that attributable solely to decomposition of long-lived methyl bromide and other halons, and is consistent with a contribution from bromine-containing very short lived substances, Br-y(VSLS), of 4 ppt to 8 ppt. These results for BrO and Br-y were compared with, and found to be in good agreement with, those of other recent balloon-borne and satellite instruments. C1 [Stachnik, R. A.; Millan, L.; Jarnot, R.; Monroe, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McLinden, C.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kuehl, S.; Pukite, J.] Satellite Remote Sensing, MPI Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Shiotani, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. [Suzuki, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, ISS Sci Project Off, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Goutail, F.; Pommereau, J. P.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. [Dorf, M.; Pfeilsticker, K.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Stachnik, RA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.a.stachnik@jpl.nasa.gov RI Millan, Luis/J-2759-2015 FU NASA; NASA Earth Science Mission Directorate FX Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is performed under contract with NASA. We thank and acknowledge the NASA Earth Science Mission Directorate for support of this research. We acknowledge and thank the NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility, Palestine Tx, for balloon launch, telemetry and payload recovery support. We thank the MLS instrument team, the JEM/SMILES instrument and L2 data processing teams for providing the satellite datasets. JEM/SMILES mission is a joint project of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3307 EP 3319 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3307-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000023 ER PT J AU Winker, DM Tackett, JL Getzewich, BJ Liu, Z Vaughan, MA Rogers, RR AF Winker, D. M. Tackett, J. L. Getzewich, B. J. Liu, Z. Vaughan, M. A. Rogers, R. R. TI The global 3-D distribution of tropospheric aerosols as characterized by CALIOP SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CALIPSO LIDAR; INITIAL ASSESSMENT; MODIS-AQUA; SATELLITE; THICKNESS; AEROCOM; CLOUD; ALGORITHM AB The CALIOP lidar, carried on the CALIPSO satellite, has been acquiring global atmospheric profiles since June 2006. This dataset now offers the opportunity to characterize the global 3-D distribution of aerosol as well as seasonal and interannual variations, and confront aerosol models with observations in a way that has not been possible before. With that goal in mind, a monthly global gridded dataset of daytime and nighttime aerosol extinction profiles has been constructed, available as a Level 3 aerosol product. Averaged aerosol profiles for cloud-free and all-sky conditions are reported separately. This 6-yr dataset characterizes the global 3-dimensional distribution of tropospheric aerosol. Vertical distributions are seen to vary with season, as both source strengths and transport mechanisms vary. In most regions, clear-sky and all-sky mean aerosol profiles are found to be quite similar, implying a lack of correlation between high semi-transparent cloud and aerosol in the lower troposphere. An initial evaluation of the accuracy of the aerosol extinction profiles is presented. Detection limitations and the representivity of aerosol profiles in the upper troposphere are of particular concern. While results are preliminary, we present evidence that the monthly-mean CALIOP aerosol profiles provide quantitative characterization of elevated aerosol layers in major transport pathways. Aerosol extinction in the free troposphere in clean conditions, where the true aerosol extinction is typically 0.001 km(-1) or less, is generally underestimated, however. The work described here forms an initial global 3-D aerosol climatology which we plan to extend and improve over time. C1 [Winker, D. M.; Vaughan, M. A.; Rogers, R. R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Tackett, J. L.; Getzewich, B. J.; Liu, Z.] SSAI, Hampton, VA USA. [Tackett, J. L.; Getzewich, B. J.; Liu, Z.] NASA, LaRC, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Winker, DM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS-475, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM david.m.winker@nasa.gov RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738 FU NASA Earth Science Enterprise FX This research was supported by the NASA Earth Science Enterprise. We thank the Aeronet program and the many Aeronet PIs and site managers who make the Aeronet program possible, and the NASA Langley HSRL team for their dedication in acquiring such a comprehensive dataset coincident with CALIPSO. NR 35 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 9 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3345 EP 3361 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3345-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000026 ER PT J AU Fu, D Worden, JR Liu, X Kulawik, SS Bowman, KW Natraj, V AF Fu, D. Worden, J. R. Liu, X. Kulawik, S. S. Bowman, K. W. Natraj, V. TI Characterization of ozone profiles derived from Aura TES and OMI radiances SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; NADIR RETRIEVALS; SPECTRAL REGIONS; ERROR ANALYSIS; AIR-QUALITY AB We present satellite based ozone profile estimates derived by combining radiances measured at thermal infrared (TIR) wavelengths from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths measured by the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The advantage of using these combined wavelengths and instruments for sounding ozone over either instrument alone is improved sensitivity near the surface as well as the capability to consistently resolve the lower troposphere, upper troposphere, and lower stratosphere for scenes with varying geophysical states. For example, the vertical resolution of ozone estimates from either TES or OMI varies strongly by surface albedo and temperature. Typically, TES provides 1.6 degrees of freedom for signal (DOFS) and OMI provides less than 1 DOFS in the troposphere. The combination provides 2 DOFS in the troposphere with approximately 0.4 DOFS for near surface ozone (surface to 700 hPa). We evaluated these new ozone profile estimates with ozonesonde measurements and found that calculated errors for the joint TES and OMI ozone profile estimates are in reasonable agreement with actual errors as derived by the root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the ozonesondes and the joint TES/OMI ozone estimates. We also used a common a priori profile in the retrievals in order to evaluate the capability of different retrieval approaches on capturing near-surface ozone variability. We found that the vertical resolution of the joint TES/OMI ozone profile estimates shows significant improvements on quantifying variations in near-surface ozone with RMS differences of 49.9% and correlation coefficient of R = 0.58 for the TES/OMI near-surface estimates as compared to 67.2% RMS difference and R = 0.33 for TES and 115.8% RMS difference and R = 0.09 for OMI. This comparison removes the impacts of using the climatological a priori in the retrievals. However, it results in artificially large sonde/retrieval differences. The TES/OMI ozone profiles from the production code of joint retrievals will use climatological a priori and therefore will have more realistic ozone estimates than those from using a common a priori volume mixing ratio profile. C1 [Fu, D.; Worden, J. R.; Kulawik, S. S.; Bowman, K. W.; Natraj, V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Liu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fu, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dejian.fu@jpl.nasa.gov RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014 OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Smithsonian Institution FX We are grateful to Ruud Dirksen, Robert Voors, and Marcel Dobbers for providing OMI spectral slit function data and Braak Remco at Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute for providing information on OMI L1b data. We thank Annmarie Eldering, Stanley Sander, Robert Herman, and Alyn Lambert for helpful discussions. We thank the World Ozone Data Centre for making the routine sonde data accessible. We thank the editor and reviewers for helpful suggestions. The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Research at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and by the Smithsonian Institution. The JPL authors' copyright for this publication is held by the California Institute of Technology. Government Sponsorship acknowledged. NR 91 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3445 EP 3462 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3445-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000032 ER PT S AU Fourspring, K Ninkov, Z Heap, S Roberto, M Kim, A AF Fourspring, Kenneth Ninkov, Zoran Heap, Sally Roberto, Massimo Kim, Alex BE Douglass, MR Oden, PI TI Testing of Digital Micromirror Devices for Space-Based Applications SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications V CY FEB 05-06, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, DLP Texas Instruments, VUZIX Corp DE Cryogenic; Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD); low-temperature; MEMS; proton radiation ID MULTIOBJECT SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE AB Scientists conceiving future space missions are interested in using DMDs as a multi-object spectrometer (MOS) slit mask. The main uncertainties in utilizing DMDs in a space-based instrument are associated with their operational longevity given the exposure to high levels of proton radiation and their ability to operate at low temperatures. Since a favored orbit is at the second Lagrangian point (L2), it is important to determine how long such Micro-Electrical Mechanical Systems (MEMS) would remain operational in the harsh L2 radiation environment, which primarily consists of solar protons and cosmic rays. To address this uncertainty, we have conducted DMD proton testing at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) 88 '' Cyclotron. Three DMDs were irradiated with high-energy protons (20-50MeV) with energies sufficient to penetrate the DMD package's optical window and interact electrically with the device. After each irradiation step, an optical test procedure was used to validate the operability of each individual mirror on the DMD array. Each DMD was irradiated to a wide range of dosage levels and remained 100% operable up to a total dose of 30 krads. In addition, a few single event upsets were seen during each irradiation dose increment. To determine the minimal operating temperature of the DMDs, we placed a DMD in a liquid nitrogen dewar, and cooled it from room temperature to 130 K. During this test, the DMD was illuminated with a light source and monitored with a CCD camera. Additionally, the temperature was held constant at 173 K for 24 hours to test landing DMD patterns for long periods of time. There was no indication that extended periods of low temperature operation impact the DMD performance. Both of these results point to DMDs as a suitable candidate for future long duration space missions. C1 [Fourspring, Kenneth; Ninkov, Zoran] Rochester Inst Technol, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Heap, Sally] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21212 USA. [Roberto, Massimo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kim, Alex] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fourspring, K (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. FU NASA Graduate Student Research Program ( GSRP) FX KF would like to thank Sally Heap and NASA Goddard for continued funding through the NASA Graduate Student Research Program ( GSRP). He would also like to thank Peter Hammond of Lightforce Technologies for assistance in designing and manufacturing the dewar parts and Bryan Fodness for support during the irradiation procedure at LBNL. The staff at LBNL's Cyclotron was helpful during our proton testing and we thank them. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9387-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8618 AR 86180B DI 10.1117/12.2006121 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET57 UT WOS:000318030300010 ER PT J AU Chandler, MA Sohl, LE Jonas, JA Dowsett, HJ Kelley, M AF Chandler, M. A. Sohl, L. E. Jonas, J. A. Dowsett, H. J. Kelley, M. TI Simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period using two versions of the NASA/GISS ModelE2-R Coupled Model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURES; TRANSPORTS; EVOLUTION; GCM AB The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) bears many similarities to aspects of future global warming as projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007). Both marine and terrestrial data point to high-latitude temperature amplification, including large decreases in sea ice and land ice, as well as expansion of warmer climate biomes into higher latitudes. Here we present our most recent simulations of the mid-Pliocene climate using the CMIP5 version of the NASA/GISS Earth System Model (ModelE2-R). We describe the substantial impact associated with a recent correction made in the implementation of the Gent-McWilliams ocean mixing scheme (GM), which has a large effect on the simulation of ocean surface temperatures, particularly in the North Atlantic Ocean. The effect of this correction on the Pliocene climate results would not have been easily determined from examining its impact on the preindustrial runs alone, a useful demonstration of how the consequences of code improvements as seen in modern climate control runs do not necessarily portend the impacts in extreme climates. Both the GM-corrected and GM-uncorrected simulations were contributed to the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Experiment 2. Many findings presented here corroborate results from other PlioMIP multi-model ensemble papers, but we also emphasise features in the ModelE2-R simulations that are unlike the ensemble means. The corrected version yields results that more closely resemble the ocean core data as well as the PRISM3D reconstructions of the mid-Pliocene, especially the dramatic warming in the North Atlantic and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea, which in the new simulation appears to be far more realistic than previously found with older versions of the GISS model. Our belief is that continued development of key physical routines in the atmospheric model, along with higher resolution and recent corrections to mixing parameterisations in the ocean model, have led to an Earth System Model that will produce more accurate projections of future climate. C1 [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L. E.; Jonas, J. A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L. E.; Jonas, J. A.; Kelley, M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Dowsett, H. J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Kelley, M.] Trinnovim LLC, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Chandler, MA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mac59@columbia.edu FU NASA High-End Computing (NEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Program [ATM-0214400]; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change RD Program; U.S.G.S. Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX The authors acknowledge the support of the NASA High-End Computing (NEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; MAC acknowledges the National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Program Grant No. ATM-0214400; HJD acknowledges the support of the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program; HJD and MAC thank the U.S.G.S. Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis for supporting the PlioMIP initiative. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 517 EP 531 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-517-2013 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 137LY UT WOS:000318438600016 ER PT J AU Forrest, AL Laval, BE Pieters, R Lim, DSS AF Forrest, Alexander L. Laval, Bernard E. Pieters, Roger Lim, Darlene S. S. TI A cyclonic gyre in an ice-covered lake SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MICROBIALITES; PAVILION LAKE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BAROCLINIC EDDIES; NATURAL-WATERS; CIRCULATION; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; CANADA; SEA AB Observations of a cyclonic gyre in an ice-covered, midsize (< 5 km(2)), temperate lake are presented. Horizontal and vertical measurements of temperature and electrical conductivity measurements were collected using a conductivity-temperature-depth logger mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle and additional instrumentation. These measurements revealed a cylindrical density anomaly with a radius of similar to 110 m extending from the surface to similar to 14 m depth. The observed radius is smaller than the internal Rossby radius of deformation (similar to 200 m), which suggests a cyclogeostrophic balance between centripetal, Coriolis, and pressure forces. The maximum azimuthal velocity, calculated assuming this balance, was similar to 2.1 cm s(-1) at 6-8 m depth. The Rossby number associated with this velocity was 1.7; this is consistent with the cyclogeostrophic assumption (i.e., Rossby number > 1) and nearly twice that of similar under-ice eddies in the Arctic Ocean. The estimated Ekman spin-down timescale is 1.5-15 d, but despite this, the gyre appeared to be relatively unchanged over 6 d of field observations. This persistence implies the gyre was forced over the course of the field study; however, the source of the forcing is unknown. Horizontal temperature transects at and below the bottom of the gyre revealed coherent temperature fluctuations suggestive of vertical transport associated with the gyre. C1 [Forrest, Alexander L.; Laval, Bernard E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Pieters, Roger] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Lim, Darlene S. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Forrest, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV USA. EM alforrest@ucdavis.edu RI Laval, Bernard/J-9861-2012; Forrest, Alexander/C-3765-2014 OI Forrest, Alexander/0000-0002-7853-9765 FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Canadian Analogue Research Network (CARN); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Geographic Society Committee for Research Exploration (CRE); Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; University of British Columbia FX The Pavilion Lake Research Project and UBC-Gavia operations at Pavilion Lake were supported by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Canadian Analogue Research Network (CARN) program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology program, the National Geographic Society Committee for Research Exploration (CRE), and the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery program. Funding for the purchase of UBC-Gavia was provided by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, and the University of British Columbia. Operations at Pavilion Lake would not be possible without the support of the Ts'Kw'aylaxw First Nation, the Pavilion Lake Community, Mickey and Linda Macri, Donnie Reid, Dale Anderson, Harry Bohm, and British Columbia Parks. Alexander Forrest was supported by a Canada NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship-Doctorate (PGS-D) scholarship. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 363 EP 375 DI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0363 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130MV UT WOS:000317923000031 ER PT J AU Francis, PJ Dopita, MA Colbert, JW Palunas, P Scarlata, C Teplitz, H Williger, GM Woodgate, BE AF Francis, Paul J. Dopita, Michael A. Colbert, James W. Palunas, Povilas Scarlata, Claudia Teplitz, Harry Williger, Gerard M. Woodgate, Bruce E. TI Hot gas, cold gas and sub-haloes in a Lyman alpha blob at redshift 2.38 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: haloes; galaxies: high-redshift ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; FIELD SPECTROGRAPH WIFES; EMITTING GALAXIES; RADIO GALAXIES; EMISSION; QUASARS; POPULATION; RADIATION; NEBULAE; RED AB We present integral field spectroscopy of a Lyman alpha blob at redshift 2.38, with a spectral resolution three times better than previous published work. As with previous observations, the blob has a chaotic velocity structure, much of which breaks up into multiple components. Our spectroscopy shows, however, that some of these multiple components are extremely narrow: they have velocity widths of less than 100 km s(-1). Combining these new data with previous observations, we argue that this Lyman alpha blob resides in a dark matter halo of around 10(13) M-circle dot. At the centre of this halo are two compact red massive galaxies. They are surrounded by hot gas, probably a superwind from merger-induced nuclear starbursts. This hot gas has shut down star formation in the non-nuclear region of these galaxies, leading to their red-and-dead colours. A filament or lump of infalling cold gas is colliding with the hot gas phase and being shocked to high temperatures, while still around 30 kpc from the red galaxies. The shock region is self-absorbed in Lyman alpha but produces C IV emission. Further out still, the cold gas in a number of sub-haloes is being lit up, most likely by a combination of tidally triggered star formation, bow shocks as they plough through the hot halo medium, resonant scattering of Lyman alpha from the filament collision and tidal stripping of gas which enhances the Lyman alpha escape fraction. The observed Lyman alpha emission from the blob is dominated by the sum of the emission from these sub-haloes. On statistical grounds, we argue that Lyman alpha blobs are not greatly elongated in shape and that most are not powered by ionization or scattering from a central active galactic nucleus or starburst. C1 [Francis, Paul J.; Dopita, Michael A.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Dopita, Michael A.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Astron, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Colbert, James W.; Teplitz, Harry] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Palunas, Povilas] Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Scarlata, Claudia] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Williger, Gerard M.] Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Williger, Gerard M.] U Nice, Lab Lagrange, UMR 7293, F-06108 Nice 2, France. [Williger, Gerard M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Woodgate, Bruce E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Francis, PJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM pfrancis@mso.anu.edu.au RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014 OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986 FU ARC [DP0984657] FX MAD acknowledges ARC support under Discovery project DP0984657. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts010 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QH UT WOS:000318227900013 ER PT J AU Vito, F Vignali, C Gilli, R Comastri, A Iwasawa, K Brandt, WN Alexander, DM Brusa, M Lehmer, B Bauer, FE Schneider, DP Xue, YQ Luo, B AF Vito, F. Vignali, C. Gilli, R. Comastri, A. Iwasawa, K. Brandt, W. N. Alexander, D. M. Brusa, M. Lehmer, B. Bauer, F. E. Schneider, D. P. Xue, Y. Q. Luo, B. TI The high-redshift (z > 3) active galactic nucleus population in the 4-Ms Chandra Deep Field-South SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; techniques: imaging spectroscopy; surveys; galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; X-rays: galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; RAY SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; MS SOURCE CATALOGS; YALE-CHILE MUSYC; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; STAR-FORMATION; MULTIWAVELENGTH SURVEY AB We present results from a spectral analysis of a sample of high-redshift (z > 3) X-ray-selected active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the 4-Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), the deepest X-ray survey to date. The sample is selected using the most recent spectroscopic and photometric information available in this field. It consists of 34 sources with median redshift z = 3.7, 80 median net counts in the 0.5-7 keV band and median rest-frame absorption-corrected luminosity L2-10 keV approximate to 1.5 x 10(44) erg s(-1). Spectral analysis for the full sample is presented and the intrinsic column density distribution, corrected for observational biases using spectral simulations, is compared with the expectations of X-ray background (XRB) synthesis models. We find that approximate to 57 per cent of the sources are highly obscured (N-H > 10(23) cm(-2)). Source number counts in the 0.5-2 keV band down to flux F0.5-2 keV approximate to 4 x 10(-17) erg s(-1) cm(-2) are also presented. Our results are consistent with a decline of the AGN space density at z > 3 and suggest that, at those redshifts, the AGN obscured fraction is in agreement with the expectations of XRB synthesis models. C1 [Vito, F.; Vignali, C.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Vito, F.; Vignali, C.; Gilli, R.; Comastri, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Iwasawa, K.] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, ICREA, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Iwasawa, K.] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Cincies Cosmos ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Brandt, W. N.; Schneider, D. P.; Luo, B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Schneider, D. P.; Luo, B.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Alexander, D. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Brusa, M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Lehmer, B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lehmer, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bauer, F. E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Bauer, F. E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Xue, Y. Q.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Dept Astron, Chinese Acad Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Vito, F (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM fabio.vito@unibo.it RI Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848 FU agreement ASI-INAF [I/009/10/0]; PRIN-INAF; CXC [SP1-12007A]; NASA ADP [NNX10AC99G]; USTC [ZC9850290195]; Basal-CATA [PFB-06/2007]; CONICYT-Chile [FONDECYT 1101024]; Chandra X-ray Center [SAO SP1-12007B] FX We acknowledge J. Aird for providing the LADE model data, M. Mignoli for his help with optical spectra, E. Vanzella for providing some spectroscopic redshifts and T. Dahlen for providing his catalogue of photometric redshifts. We thank G. Hasinger for the helpful suggestions which improved this work. We acknowledge financial support from the agreement ASI-INAF I/009/10/0 and the PRIN-INAF-2011. WNB and BL acknowledge financial support CXC grant SP1-12007A and NASA ADP grant NNX10AC99G. YQX thanks the Youth 1000 Plan (QingNianQianRen) program and the USTC startup funding (ZC9850290195). FEB acknowledges support from Basal-CATA (PFB-06/2007), CONICYT-Chile (FONDECYT 1101024) and Chandra X-ray Center grant SAO SP1-12007B. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive and software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) in the application packages CIAO. NR 75 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 1 BP 354 EP 369 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts034 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QH UT WOS:000318227900040 ER PT J AU Modest, HI Rath, C Banday, AJ Rossmanith, G Sutterlin, R Basak, S Delabrouille, J Gorski, KM Morfill, GE AF Modest, H. I. Raeth, C. Banday, A. J. Rossmanith, G. Suetterlin, R. Basak, S. Delabrouille, J. Gorski, K. M. Morfill, G. E. TI Scale-dependent non-Gaussianities in the CMB data identified with Minkowski functionals and scaling indices SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; methods: statistical; cosmology: observations; cosmology: early Universe; cosmology: inflation ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; WMAP OBSERVATIONS; SKY MAPS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; POWER ASYMMETRY; FULL SKY; TEMPERATURE; PERTURBATIONS; SURROGATES; SIGNATURES AB We present further investigations of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data by means of the Minkowski functionals and the scaling index method. In order to test for non-Gaussianities (NGs) with respect to scale dependences, we use the so-called surrogate maps, in which possible phase correlations of the Fourier phases of the original WMAP data and the simulations, respectively, are destroyed by applying a shuffling scheme to the maps. A statistical comparison of the original maps with the surrogate maps then allows us to test for the existence of higher order correlations (HOCs) in the original maps, also and especially on well-defined Fourier modes. We calculate the sigma-normalized deviation between the Minkowski functionals of original data and 500 surrogates for different hemispheres in the sky and find ecliptic hemispherical asymmetries between the northern and southern ecliptic sky. Using Minkowski functionals as an image analysis technique sensitive to HOCs, we find deviations from Gaussianity in the WMAP data with an empirical probability p > 99.8 per cent when considering the low l-range with Delta l = [2, 20]. The analysis technique of the scaling indices leads to the same results for this l-interval with a slightly lower deviation but still at p > 99.8 per cent. Although the underlying foreground reduction methods of the maps differ from each other, we find similar results for the WMAP seven-year internal linear combination map and the WMAP seven-year needlet-based ILC map for deviations from Gaussianity in the low l-range. Our results point once more to a cosmological nature of the signal. For a higher l-range with Delta l = [120, 300], the results differ between the two image analysis techniques and between the two maps which makes an intrinsic nature of the signal on this l-range less likely. When we decrease the size of the analysed sky regions for the low-l study, we do not find signatures of NG in the northern ecliptic sky. In the south, we find individual spots which show deviations from Gaussianity. In addition, we investigate non-Gaussian cosmic microwave background simulations that depend on the f(NL) parameter of the local type. These simulations with f(NL)(local) = [0, +/- 100, +/- 1000] cannot account for the detected signatures on the low l-range. C1 [Modest, H. I.; Raeth, C.; Rossmanith, G.; Suetterlin, R.; Morfill, G. E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Banday, A. J.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Banday, A. J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Basak, S.; Delabrouille, J.] CNRS, Lab APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Basak, S.] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, SAp SEDI, Lab AIM,Irfu,UMR CEA CNRS Paris 7, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gorski, K. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Modest, HI (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM hmodest@mpe.mpg.de FU NASA Office of Space Science; Christiane Nusslein-Volhard (CNV) foundation; International Max Planck Research School FX Many of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPIX (Gorski et al. 2005) software and analysis package. The WMAP data are taken from the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. HM thanks the Christiane Nusslein-Volhard (CNV) foundation for financial support and acknowledges the support of the International Max Planck Research School. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 1 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts056 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QH UT WOS:000318227900053 ER PT J AU Polko, P Meier, DL Markoff, S AF Polko, Peter Meier, David L. Markoff, Sera TI Linking accretion flow and particle acceleration in jets - I. New relativistic magnetohydrodynamical jet solutions including gravity SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; MHD; methods: analytical; ISM: jets and outflows ID X-RAY BINARIES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; CENTRAL BLACK-HOLE; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; COMPACT JET; SHOCK ACCELERATION; XTE J1118+480; RADIO JET; GX 339-4; MODEL AB We present a new, approximate method for modelling the acceleration and collimation of relativistic jets in the presence of gravity. This method is self-similar throughout the computational domain where gravitational effects are negligible and, where significant, self-similar within a flux tube. These solutions are applicable to jets launched from a small region (e.g. near the inner edge of an accretion disc). As implied by earlier work, the flow can converge on to the rotation axis, potentially creating a collimation shock. In this first version of the method, we derive the gravitational contribution to the relativistic equations by analogy with non-relativistic flow. This approach captures the relativistic kinetic gravitational mass of the flowing plasma, but not that due to internal thermal and magnetic energies. A more sophisticated treatment, derived from the basic general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical equations, is currently being developed. Here we present an initial exploration of parameter space, describing the effects the model parameters have on flow solutions and the location of the collimation shock. These results provide the groundwork for new, semi-analytic models of relativistic jets which can constrain conditions near the black hole by fitting the jet break seen increasingly in X-ray binaries. C1 [Polko, Peter; Markoff, Sera] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Meier, David L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Polko, P (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, POB 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM P.Polko@uva.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); European Community [ITN 215212]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX PP and SM gratefully acknowledge support from a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi Fellowship. In addition, SM is grateful for support from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number ITN 215212 'Black Hole Universe'. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 1 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts052 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QH UT WOS:000318227900057 ER PT J AU Henney, WJ Garcia-Diaz, MT O'Dell, CR Rubin, RH AF Henney, William J. Garcia-Diaz, Ma T. O'Dell, C. R. Rubin, Robert H. TI Mapping the complex kinematics of LL objects in the Orion nebula SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: spectroscopic; HII regions; ISM: Herbig-Haro objects; ISM: individual objects: Orion nebula; ISM: jets and outflows ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINE FILTERS; PROPER MOTIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; JET MODEL; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; IONIZED-GAS; STARS; CLUSTER; ABUNDANCES AB LL Orionis-type objects (LL objects) are hyperbolic bowshocks visible around young stars in the outer Orion nebula, many of which are also associated with curved, highly collimated jets. The bowshocks are clearly due to the supersonic interaction between an outflow from the young star and an environmental flow from the core of the nebula, but the exact nature of these flows has not yet been established. We present the first high-resolution optical spectra of two of these objects, LL 1 and LL 2, together with their associated Herbig-Haro (HH) jets, HH 888 and HH 505. We combine multiple long-slit echelle spectra in the H alpha 6563 angstrom and [NII] 6584 angstrom lines to produce velocity maps of the two objects at a resolution of 4 arcsec x 2 arcsec x 11 km s(-1). The gas motions within both stellar bowshocks are of rather low velocity (10-20 km s(-1)), but there are important differences between the two objects. LL 1 shows a high degree of symmetry, whereas LL 2 has very asymmetric kinematics that seem to follow velocity gradients in the surrounding nebula. We also measure the line-of-sight velocity for multiple knots in the HH 888 and HH 505 jets, and combine our spectroscopy with new and existing proper-motion measurements to reconstruct the three-dimensional kinematics of the jets. The knot motions in both jets are very similar: both flows are inclined at 40 degrees to 60 degrees from the plane of the sky, with exclusively redshifted knots to the north and exclusively blueshifted knots to the south. In both cases, one also sees a deceleration along the length of the jets, from >200 km s(-1) close to the respective stars down to <100 km s(-1) farther out. The marked contrasts that we find between the kinematics of the jets and the kinematics of the stellar bowshocks are evidence that the two phenomena are not causally related. Regular patterns in the dynamic ages of the HH 505 knots imply periodic ejections on three different time-scales: 50, 12 and 4 yr. We use line ratios and photometry to measure electron densities and excitation/ionization conditions in the stellar bowshocks and jet knots. The LL 1 bowshock has a bright inner shell with density similar or equal to 3000 cm(-3) (compared with a local nebula density of similar or equal to 1000 cm(-3)) and line ratios that are consistent with equilibrium photoionization models. The bowshock also has a fainter outer rim, where the line ratios show evidence of shock excitation. Many of the jet knots also show evidence for a shock contribution to their excitation and have densities from 1000 to 8000 cm(-3). C1 [Henney, William J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. [Garcia-Diaz, Ma T.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [O'Dell, C. R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Rubin, Robert H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rubin, Robert H.] Orion Enterprises, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Henney, WJ (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Apartado Postal 3-72, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. EM w.henney@crya.unam.mx FU Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [IN102012]; Space Telescope Science Institute [GO 12543] FX We thank the staff of San Pedro Martir Observatory for excellent support during the observational runs, and we are deeply grateful to Alberto Lopez for carrying out the observations of LL 1 slit positions J, L and M. WJH acknowledges financial support from Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, through grant Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Inovacion Tecnologica IN102012. CRO and RHR acknowledge partial financial support from Space Telescope Science Institute programme GO 12543. We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 1 BP 691 EP 711 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts059 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QH UT WOS:000318227900065 ER PT J AU Margutti, R Zaninoni, E Bernardini, MG Chincarini, G Pasotti, F Guidorzi, C Angelini, L Burrows, DN Capalbi, M Evans, PA Gehrels, N Kennea, J Mangano, V Moretti, A Nousek, J Osborne, JP Page, KL Perri, M Racusin, J Romano, P Sbarufatti, B Stafford, S Stamatikos, M AF Margutti, R. Zaninoni, E. Bernardini, M. G. Chincarini, G. Pasotti, F. Guidorzi, C. Angelini, L. Burrows, D. N. Capalbi, M. Evans, P. A. Gehrels, N. Kennea, J. Mangano, V. Moretti, A. Nousek, J. Osborne, J. P. Page, K. L. Perri, M. Racusin, J. Romano, P. Sbarufatti, B. Stafford, S. Stamatikos, M. TI The prompt-afterglow connection in gamma-ray bursts: a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light curves SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanism: non-thermal; gamma-ray burst: general ID FLARING ACTIVITY; COMPLETE SAMPLE; COLUMN DENSITY; CENTRAL ENGINE; JET BREAKS; 1ST SURVEY; XRT DATA; EMISSION; LONG; FLARES AB We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) collecting data from more than 650 GRBs discovered by Swift and other facilities. The unprecedented sample size allows us to constrain the rest-frame X-ray properties of GRBs from a statistical perspective, with particular reference to intrinsic time-scales and the energetics of the different light-curve phases in a common rest-frame 0.3-30 keV energy band. Temporal variability episodes are also studied and their properties constrained. Two fundamental questions drive this effort: (i) Does the X-ray emission retain any kind of 'memory' of the prompt gamma-ray phase? (ii) Where is the dividing line between long and short GRB X-ray properties? We show that short GRBs decay faster, are less luminous and less energetic than long GRBs in the X-rays, but are interestingly characterized by similar intrinsic absorption. We furthermore reveal the existence of a number of statistically significant relations that link the X-ray to prompt gamma-ray parameters in long GRBs; short GRBs are outliers of the majority of these two-parameter relations. However and more importantly, we report on the existence of a universal three-parameter scaling that links the X-ray and the gamma-ray energy to the prompt spectral peak energy of both long and short GRBs: E-X,E-iso proportional to E-gamma,iso(1.00 +/- 0.06)//E-pk(0.60 +/- 0.10). C1 [Margutti, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Margutti, R.; Zaninoni, E.; Bernardini, M. G.; Chincarini, G.; Pasotti, F.; Moretti, A.; Sbarufatti, B.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Zaninoni, E.] Univ Padua, Phys & Astron Dept Galileo Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Chincarini, G.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dip Fis G Occhialini, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Guidorzi, C.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Angelini, L.; Gehrels, N.; Racusin, J.; Stamatikos, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Capalbi, M.; Perri, M.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Evans, P. A.; Osborne, J. P.; Page, K. L.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observat Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Mangano, V.; Romano, P.] INAF IASF Palermo, Palermo, Italy. [Stafford, S.; Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stafford, S.; Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Margutti, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rmargutti@cfa.harvard.edu OI Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; moretti, alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Sbarufatti, Boris/0000-0001-6620-8347 FU ASI [SWIFT I/004/11/0]; UK Space Agency; ASI-INAF [I/009/10/0] FX RM thanks Lorenzo Amati and Lara Nava for sharing their data before publication. This research has made use of the XRT Data Analysis Software (XRTDAS) developed under the responsibility of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC), Italy. MGB thanks ASI grant SWIFT I/004/11/0. PAE, KLP and JPO acknowledge financial support from the UK Space Agency. PR acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF I/009/10/0. NR 55 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 1 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts066 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QH UT WOS:000318227900068 ER PT J AU Martin, RG Livio, M AF Martin, Rebecca G. Livio, Mario TI On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: general; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary discs ID DISCOVERED DEBRIS DISKS; GIANT PLANET MIGRATION; HOT-JUPITER SYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SNOW LINE; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; LAYERED ACCRETION; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DEAD ZONES AB Suggestions have been made that asteroid belts may be important both for the existence of life and perhaps even for the evolution of complex life on a planet. Using numerical models for protoplanetary discs, we calculate the location of the snow line, and we propose that asteroid belts are most likely to form in its vicinity. We then show that observations of warm dust in exosolar systems, thought to be produced by collisions between asteroids in a belt, indicate that asteroid belts (when they exist) indeed coincide with the radial location and the temperature of the snow line. Giant planets form outside the snow line and prevent planet formation just inside of their orbit, creating an asteroid belt there. However, the migration of giant planets through the asteroid belt likely disperses the compact formation. We examine existing observations of giant exoplanets and find that less than 4 per cent are at radial locations outside of the snow line. This definitely may be the consequence of observational selection effects. However, with this caveat in mind, we point out that the dearth of giant planets outside the snow line may also suggest that compact asteroid belts are not common, and more speculatively that complex life may not be expected in most of the currently observed systems. C1 [Martin, Rebecca G.] Univ Colorado, NASA, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, Rebecca G.; Livio, Mario] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Martin, RG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NASA, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rebecca.martin@jila.colorado.edu FU Space Telescope Science Institute; California Institute of Technology (Caltech); NASA FX We thank Christine Chen, Mark Wyatt and Jim Pringle for useful conversations. RGM thanks the Space Telescope Science Institute for a Giacconi Fellowship. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Orbit Database and the Exoplanet Data Explorer at exoplanets.org. RGM's support was provided in part by a contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 428 IS 1 BP L11 EP L15 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/sls003 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QH UT WOS:000318227900003 ER PT S AU Sindiy, O Litomisky, K Davidoff, S Dekens, F AF Sindiy, Oleg Litomisky, Krystof Davidoff, Scott Dekens, Frank BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI Introduction to Information Visualization (InfoVis) techniques for Model-Based Systems Engineering SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE model-based systems engineering; information visualization AB One of the barriers to the success of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) efforts is realizing effective communication of the output diagrams-i.e., modeling views-that address the concerns of, and inform, a broad spectrum of customer stakeholders. Abstracting and implementing the visual presentation of views-as products of very complex system models-is nearly as important to the effectiveness of these efforts to inform decision-making as the technical competency and completeness of those models. However, the information visualization of data from complex system models is often treated second to the technical considerations. This paper introduces high-level guidelines for visual presentation of MBSE efforts. These insights are presented such that they conform to numerous system modeling languages/representation standards. The insights are drawn from best practices of Information Visualization as applied to aerospace-based applications. For example, the paper presents how modelers can take advantage of functionality in existing modeling notions and software tools that implement them, and also the importance of keeping in mind the final presentation media, presentation venues, and historically accepted viewpoint styles. The paper also presents a concept for how to move beyond traditionally static outputs; in turn, allowing users to dynamically manipulate the output views within the context of their real-time concerns to answer specific questions about the modeled system(s). (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology. C1 [Sindiy, Oleg; Litomisky, Krystof; Davidoff, Scott; Dekens, Frank] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sindiy, O (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.006 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600006 ER PT S AU Herzig, SJI Rouquette, NF Forrest, S Jenkins, JS AF Herzig, Sebastian J. I. Rouquette, Nicolas F. Forrest, Stephen Jenkins, J. Steven BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI Integrating analytical models with descriptive system models: implementation of the OMG SyML standard for the tool-specific case of MapleSim and MagicDraw SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE model transformation; modelica; sysml; model-based systems engineering; model integration AB The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is investing heavily in the development of an infrastructure for building system models using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). An essential component is a transformation apparatus that permits diverse models to be integrated independently of their nature (e. g. declarative, analytical and statistical). This paper presents one useful case: the integration of analytical models expressed using the Modelica language. Modelica is an open standard, declarative, multi-domain modeling language that allows for complex dynamic systems to be modeled. Maplesoft's MapleSim is one software tool that supports the Modelica language. The tool-neutral specification for the transformation between the languages Modelica and SysML is defined in the SysML-Modelica transformation specification (SyML) standard published by the Object Management Group (OMG). As part of the development efforts, said specification has been implemented using the Query-View-Transformation Operational (QVTO) language. During the process, several critical changes to the current SyML standard were proposed. Furthermore, a number of current limitations related to MapleSim were identified. Despite these issues, a proof-of-concept transformation was successfully implemented. In conclusion, the integration of complex simulation models conforming to the Modelica language with SysML-based system models has shown great promise and is a highly useful tool to support the decision making process in design. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [Herzig, Sebastian J. I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rouquette, Nicolas F.; Forrest, Stephen; Jenkins, J. Steven] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Forrest, Stephen] Maplesoft, Waterloo, ON, Canada. RP Herzig, SJI (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sebastian.herzig@gatech.edu FU JPL Education Office FX The principal author would like to express his gratitude towards the JPL Education Office for the financial support, without which the work would have never been possible. Also, the authors would like to thank Maplesoft for the more than exemplary technical support. Furthermore, the input from Dr. Christiaan Paredis of the Georgia Institute of Technology, Dr. Axel Reichwein of Koneksys LLC and Alek Kerzhner of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is greatly appreciated. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.013 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600013 ER PT S AU O'Neil, DA Petty, MD AF O'Neil, Daniel A. Petty, Mikel D. BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI Organizational Simulation for Model Based Systems Engineering SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE Organization; Simulation; Systems Engineering AB Organizations creating complex systems often have hierarchical team networks; this structure affects system performance because some teams have greater influence over dimensions of parts produced by other teams. Dimensional interdependencies among components produce ripple-effects; examples include load paths and thermal flows. Simulating such phenomena requires finite element and computational fluid dynamics models. Characteristics, like weight, cost, and reliability can be calculated for parts and summed to accumulate or roll-up the values at subsystem and system levels. This paper describes multi-agent models and simulations of an organization developing a complex system. One model determined that NetLogo can generate a hierarchical model of thousands of highly interconnected teams. A second model accumulates weights and reliabilities of components with some accretion at each level of integration and generates a system level weight and reliability. A simulation generates part dimensions based on team interaction. A second simulation uses a finite element model to demonstrate temperature gradients of parts and agents moving through the structure to transfer heat among the parts. Simulating physical characteristics in an organizational simulation enables an analyst to demonstrate how different organizational structures affect the system performance. NetLogo proved to be a powerful development environment for organizational and system simulations. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [O'Neil, Daniel A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. [Petty, Mikel D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP O'Neil, DA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. EM pettym@uah.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.034 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600034 ER PT S AU Butler, R Pennotti, M AF Butler, Roy Pennotti, Michael BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI The Evolution of Software and Its Impact on Complex System Design in Robotic Spacecraft Embedded Systems SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE Software; Complex Systems; Spacecraft AB The growth in computer hardware performance, coupled with reduced energy requirements, has led to a rapid expansion of the resources available to software systems, driving them towards greater logical abstraction, flexibility, and complexity. This shift in focus from compacting functionality into a limited field towards developing layered, multi-state architectures in a grand field has both driven and been driven by the history of embedded processor design in the robotic spacecraft industry. The combinatorial growth of interprocess conditions is accompanied by benefits (concurrent development, situational autonomy, and evolution of goals) and drawbacks (late integration, non-deterministic interactions, and multifaceted anomalies) in achieving mission success, as illustrated by the case of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Approaches to optimizing the benefits while mitigating the drawbacks have taken the shape of the formalization of requirements, modular design practices, extensive system simulation, and spacecraft data trend analysis. The growth of hardware capability and software complexity can be expected to continue, with future directions including stackable commodity subsystems, computer-generated algorithms, runtime reconfigurable processors, and greater autonomy. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [Butler, Roy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Pennotti, Michael] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Butler, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM roy.butler@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.078 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600078 ER PT S AU McGowan, AMR Daly, S Baker, W Papalambros, P Seifert, C AF McGowan, Anna-Maria Rivas Daly, Shanna Baker, Wayne Papalambros, Panos Seifert, Colleen BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI A Socio-Technical Perspective on Interdisciplinary Interactions During the Development of Complex Engineered Systems SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE Interdisciplinary; Engineering Research; System Design; Complex Systems; Socio-Technical ID ORGANIZATIONS; SENSEMAKING; EDUCATION AB This study investigates interdisciplinary interactions that take place during the research, development, and early conceptual design phases in the engineering of large-scale complex engineered systems (LaCES) such as aerospace vehicles. These interactions occur throughout a large engineering development organization and become the initial conditions of the systems engineering process that ultimately leads to the development of a viable system. This paper summarizes some of the challenges and opportunities regarding social and organizational issues that emerged from a qualitative study using ethnographic and survey data. The analysis reveals several socio-technical couplings between the engineered system and the organization that creates it. Survey respondents noted the importance of interdisciplinary interactions and their benefits to the engineered system as well as substantial challenges in interdisciplinary interactions. Noted benefits included enhanced knowledge and problem mitigation and noted obstacles centered on organizational and human dynamics. Findings suggest that addressing the social challenges may be a critical need in enabling interdisciplinary interactions during the development of LaCES. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [McGowan, Anna-Maria Rivas] NASA Langley Res Ctr, M-S 254, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Daly, Shanna] Univ Michigan, Ctr Res Learning & Teaching Engn, Coll Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Baker, Wayne] Univ Michigan, Ross Sch Business, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Papalambros, Panos] Univ Michigan, Mech Engn & Integrat Syst & Design, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Seifert, Colleen] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McGowan, AMR (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, M-S 254, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM anna-maria.r.mcgowan@nasa.gov OI Daly, Shanna/0000-0002-4698-2973; Seifert, Colleen/0000-0001-5889-5167 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 1142 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.120 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600120 ER PT B AU Buchman, S Conklin, JW Balakrishnan, K Aguero, V Alfauwaz, A Aljadaan, A Almajed, M Altwaijry, H Al Saud, T Byer, RL Bower, K Costello, B Cutler, GD DeBra, DB Faied, DM Foster, C Genova, AL Hanson, J Hooper, K Hultgren, E Klavins, A Lantz, B Lipa, JA Palmer, A Plante, B Sanchez, HS Saraf, S Schaechter, D Shu, KL Smith, E Tenerelli, D Vanbezooijen, R Vasudevan, G Williams, SD Worden, SP Zhou, J Zoellner, A AF Buchman, S. Conklin, J. W. Balakrishnan, K. Aguero, V. Alfauwaz, A. Aljadaan, A. Almajed, M. Altwaijry, H. Al Saud, T. Byer, R. L. Bower, K. Costello, B. Cutler, G. D. DeBra, D. B. Faied, D. M. Foster, C. Genova, A. L. Hanson, J. Hooper, K. Hultgren, E. Klavins, A. Lantz, B. Lipa, J. A. Palmer, A. Plante, B. Sanchez, H. S. Saraf, S. Schaechter, D. Shu, K-L Smith, E. Tenerelli, D. Vanbezooijen, R. Vasudevan, G. Williams, S. D. Worden, S. P. Zhou, J. Zoellner, A. BE Auger, G Binetruy, P Plagnol, E TI LAGRANGE: LAser GRavitational-wave ANtenna in GEodetic Orbit SO 9TH LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th LISA Symposium CY MAY, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE AB We describe a new space gravitational wave observatory design called LAG-RANGE that maintains all important LISA science at about half the cost and with reduced technical risk. It consists of three drag-free spacecraft in a geocentric formation. Fixed antennas allow continuous contact with the Earth, solving the problem of communications bandwidth and latency. A 70 mm diameter sphere with a 35 mm gap to its enclosure serves as the single inertial reference per spacecraft, operating in "true" drag-free mode (no test mass forcing). Other advantages are: a simple caging design based on the DISCOS 1972 drag-free mission, an all optical read-out with pm fine and nm coarse sensors, and the extensive technology heritage from the Honeywell gyroscopes, and the DISCOS and Gravity Probe B drag-free sensors. An Interferometric Measurement System, designed with reflective optics and a highly stabilized frequency standard, performs the ranging between test masses and requires a single optical bench with one laser per spacecraft. Two 20 cm diameter telescopes per spacecraft, each with infield pointing, incorporate novel technology developed for advanced optical systems by Lockheed Martin, who also designed the spacecraft based on a multi-flight proven bus structure. Additional technological advancements include updated drag-free propulsion, thermal control, charge management systems, and materials. LAGRANGE subsystems are designed to be scalable and modular, making them interchangeable with those of LISA or other gravitational science missions. We plan to space qualify critical technologies on small and nano satellite flights, with the first launch (UV-LED Sat) in 2013. C1 [Buchman, S.; Balakrishnan, K.; Byer, R. L.; Cutler, G. D.; DeBra, D. B.; Hultgren, E.; Lipa, J. A.; Palmer, A.; Schaechter, D.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Conklin, J. W.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [DeBra, D. B.; Faied, D. M.; Genova, A. L.; Worden, S. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Alfauwaz, A.; Aljadaan, A.; Almajed, M.; Altwaijry, H.; Al Saud, T.] King Abdulaziz City Sci & Technol, King, WI 11442, Saudi Arabia. [Hanson, J.] CrossTrac Engn, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. [Bower, K.; Costello, B.; Hooper, K.; Lantz, B.; Shu, K-L; Smith, E.; Tenerelli, D.; Vanbezooijen, R.; Vasudevan, G.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Aguero, V.; Williams, S. D.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buchman, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sbuchman@stanford.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-816-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 467 BP 191 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI60 UT WOS:000316716900020 ER PT B AU Numata, K Camp, J AF Numata, Kenji Camp, Jordan BE Auger, G Binetruy, P Plagnol, E TI Laser Development for Gravitational-Wave Interferometry in Space SO 9TH LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th LISA Symposium CY MAY, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE ID EXTERNAL-CAVITY LASER; TRANSMITTER; ALTIMETER AB We are reporting on our development work on laser (master oscillator) and optical amplifier systems for gravitational-wave interferometry in space. Our system is based on the mature, wave-guided optics technologies, which have advantages over bulk, crystal-based, free-space optics. We are investing in a new type of compact, low-noise master oscillator, called the planar-waveguide external cavity diode laser. We made measurements, including those of noise, and performed space-qualification tests. C1 [Numata, Kenji] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron CRESST, College Pk, MD 20741 USA. [Camp, Jordan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Numata, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron CRESST, College Pk, MD 20741 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-816-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 467 BP 239 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI60 UT WOS:000316716900030 ER PT S AU Godard, M Feraud, G Chabot, M Carpentier, Y Pino, T Brunetto, R Duprat, J Engrand, C Brechignac, P d'Hendecourt, L Dartois, E AF Godard, M. Feraud, G. Chabot, M. Carpentier, Y. Pino, T. Brunetto, R. Duprat, J. Engrand, C. Brechignac, P. d'Hendecourt, L. Dartois, E. BE Stehle, C Joblin, C DHendecourt, L TI EFFECTS OF COSMIC RAYS ON HYDROCARBON INTERSTELLAR DUST SO ECLA: EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ECLA: European Conference on Laboratory Astrophysics CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Minist Enseignement Super Rech, CNRS, Programme Natl Phys & Chim, Observ Paris, Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, Univ Cergy Pontolse, Univ Paris Sud, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, Commissariat Energie Atom, Inst Astrophys Paris, Inst Rech Astrophys & Plantetol, Lab Etude Matiere & Env Astrophys, Soc Bruker, Ville Paris ID ABSORPTION-BAND; ION IRRADIATION; CARBON GRAINS; C-H; EVOLUTION; CARRIER AB Hydrogenated amorphous carbons, an important component of the interstellar carbonaceous dust, possess infrared spectral signatures (at 3.4, 6.9 and 7.3 mu m) that are ubiquitous in the diffuse interstellar medium of galaxies, but not observed in dense clouds. To better understand the role played by cosmic rays in the disappearance of these absorption bands, irradiation experiments of hydrocarbon dust analogues have been performed with different swift ions. The results obtained through the in situ infrared monitoring of the samples during the irradiations allow to infer the dehydrogenation effect of the cosmic ray distribution on the interstellar hydrogenated amorphous carbons. The importance of this interstellar dust destruction by cosmic rays is discussed in comparison to other energetic processes in different interstellar environments. C1 [Godard, M.; Brunetto, R.; d'Hendecourt, L.; Dartois, E.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Bat 121, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Godard, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Feraud, G.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Sci Mol Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Carpentier, Y.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Chabot, M.] Univ Lille 1, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Duprat, J.] Univ Paris 11, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Godard, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Bat 121, F-91405 Orsay, France. RI Godard, Marie/H-6451-2011 OI Godard, Marie/0000-0002-7276-4021 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0941-7 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2013 VL 58 BP 395 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1258067 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEP63 UT WOS:000317632700067 ER PT J AU Jin, DH Murtugudde, RG Waliser, DE AF Jin, Daeho Murtugudde, Raghu G. Waliser, Duane E. TI Intraseasonal atmospheric forcing effects on the mean state of ocean surface chlorophyll SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER MODEL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ARABIAN SEA; PENETRATIVE RADIATION; BARRIER LAYER; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE AB Rectification of surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentration by the atmospheric intraseasonal variability is detected in a numerical biophysical ocean model when it is forced by composite Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events. In addition to the shoaled mixed layer depth (MLD) previously reported, it is found that increased mean Chl by MJO forcing mostly co-occurs with shoaled isothermal depth (ITD) / nutrient isopleths and reduced barrier layer thickness (BLT). Case studies reveal that MJO forcing increases MLD and ITD variations, which enhances vertical mixing and brings nutrients to the surface layer thereby increasing Chl concentration. The shoaled MLD and ITD in the seasonal / annual mean are due to asymmetric responses to MJO wind forcing; i.e., shoaling by weaker wind is more sensitive than deepening by stronger wind. Reduced mean BLT is because ITD shoaling is larger than MLD shoaling. As an exception, it is detected that both the mean Chl and BLT are increased by MJO forcing in the southern Bay of Bengal. Here, the ITD is climatologically deep in the active MJO season (boreal summer), and different phase between the MLD and ITD variations results in temporarily large BLT. However, this barrier layer does not effectively isolate the surface layer from the nutrient-rich deeper ocean. Lastly, observations support our findings in limited regions and seasons, though further investigation is necessary to confirm the effect of atmospheric intraseasonal variability on the mean surface Chl. C1 [Jin, Daeho; Murtugudde, Raghu G.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Jin, DH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM daehojin@umd.edu FU NASA PO grant [NNX09AF43G]; ONR DYNAMO grant FX D.J., R. M., and D. W. acknowledge support from NASA PO grant NNX09AF43G. R. M. also acknowledges the ONR DYNAMO grant. D.W.'s contribution to this study was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 184 EP 196 DI 10.1029/2012JC008256 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 129JU UT WOS:000317836100013 ER PT J AU Gavin, P Chevrier, V Ninagawa, K Gucsik, A Hasegawa, S AF Gavin, P. Chevrier, V. Ninagawa, K. Gucsik, A. Hasegawa, S. TI Experimental investigation into the effects of meteoritic impacts on the spectral properties of phyllosilicates on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED THERMO-LUMINESCENCE; PRESSURE PHASE-TRANSITION; MAWRTH-VALLIS REGION; CLAY-MINERALS; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE CL; SHOCKED PLAGIOCLASE; RAMAN; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE AB Phyllosilicates have been identified in some of the most highly cratered Noachian terrains on Mars. To study the effects of such impacts on the properties of phyllosilicates, we experimentally shocked six phyllosilicate minerals relevant to the Martian surface: montmorillonite, nontronite, kaolinite, prehnite, chlorite, and serpentine. The shock-treated samples were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), near- and mid-infrared (NIR and MIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence (CL), and the shock pressures and temperatures in some were modeled using Autodyn modeling software. XRD data show that the structure of each mineral, except prehnite, underwent partial structural deformation or amorphization. We also found that while the NIR spectra of shocked samples were very similar to that of the original sample, the MIR spectra changed significantly. This may explain some of the discrepancies between CRISM/OMEGA data (NIR) and TES/THEMIS (MIR) observations of phyllosilicates on Mars. Quartz was identified as a secondary phase in the XRD of shocked chlorite. Citation: Gavin P., V. Chevrier, K. Ninagawa, A. Guesik, and S. Hasegawa (2013), Experimental investigation into the effects of meteoritic impacts on the spectral properties of phyllosilicates on Mars, J. Geophys Res. Planets, 118, 65-80, doi:10.1029/2012JE004185. C1 [Gavin, P.; Chevrier, V.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ninagawa, K.] Okayama Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Okayama, Japan. [Gucsik, A.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Jena, Germany. [Hasegawa, S.] Japan Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Gavin, P (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM patricia.i.gavin@nasa.gov OI Gucsik, Arnold/0000-0003-2777-0112 FU Space Plasma Laboratory, ISAS, JAXA; Max Planck Society FX This study was supported in part by the Space Plasma Laboratory, ISAS, JAXA. We recognize Mourad Benamara and Mike Hawkridge of the University of Arkansas' Nano-Bio Materials Characterization Lab for use of their facilities and technical assistance while obtaining our XRD data. The authors are also grateful to Miklos Veres (Research Institute for Physics, Budapest, Hungary) for his help obtaining the Raman data and Toshimori Sekine (Hiroshima University, Japan) for this useful comments and discussion on the shocked clays. AG was partly supported by the Max Planck Society. Finally, we thank our reviewers, C. Che and B. Horgan, for their constructive comments which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 DI 10.1029/2012JE004185 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129MF UT WOS:000317843600007 ER PT J AU Halekas, JS Poppe, AR Delory, GT Sarantos, M McFadden, JP AF Halekas, J. S. Poppe, A. R. Delory, G. T. Sarantos, M. McFadden, J. P. TI Using ARTEMIS pickup ion observations to place constraints on the lunar atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT; MOON AB We present a method for deriving constraints on the structure and composition of the lunar atmosphere by using pickup ion measurements from ARTEMIS, mapping observed fluxes from the spacecraft location to derive production rates at the source region, and fitting to a parameterized neutral atmosphere model. We apply this technique to similar to 12 min of high-resolution burst data collected by ARTEMIS P2 above the sunlit lunar surface, in the dawnside terrestrial magnetosheath. During this time period, ARTEMIS observed multiple velocity components, requiring the presence of multiple species and/or source regions. We use species at or near masses 12, 16, 24, 28, and 40 to derive a best-fit model that proves consistent with most known abundances and limits on neutral densities as well as predictions thereof. However, we find indications of large neutral abundances at mass similar to 16, exceeding optical limits on oxygen by a factor of similar to 20, possibly indicating either "seeding" of the Moon by terrestrial oxygen during its magnetotail passage or significant contributions by OH or CH4. We also derive new upper limits on the abundance of OH and Al in the atmosphere. Citation: Halekas, J. S., A. R. Poppe, G. T. Delory, M. Sarantos, and J. P. McFadden (2013), Using ARTEMIS pickup ion observations to place constraints on the lunar atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 81-88, doi:10.1029/2012JE004292. C1 [Halekas, J. S.; Poppe, A. R.; Delory, G. T.; McFadden, J. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Halekas, J. S.; Poppe, A. R.; Delory, G. T.; Sarantos, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Lunar Sci Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sarantos, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sarantos, M.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Halekas, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jazzman@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Sarantos, Menelaos/H-8136-2013; OI Poppe, Andrew/0000-0001-8137-8176; Halekas, Jasper/0000-0001-5258-6128 FU NASA Lunar Science Institute; NASA [NAS5-02099]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space [50 OC 0302] FX We thank the NASA Lunar Science Institute for support and acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 for THEMIS/ARTEMIS support. We thank K.-H. Glassmeier and U. Auster for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space under contract 50 OC 0302. We thank the Photo-Rate Data Coefficient Data Base [http://phidrates.space.swri.edu] and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics Interactive Solar Irradiance Datacenter site [http://lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/missiondatafiles.html] for access to cross-sections and solar spectra used to calculate photoionization rates. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 DI 10.1029/2012JE004292 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129MF UT WOS:000317843600008 ER PT J AU Hausrath, EM Golden, DC Morris, RV Agresti, DG Ming, DW AF Hausrath, E. M. Golden, D. C. Morris, R. V. Agresti, D. G. Ming, D. W. TI Acid sulfate alteration of fluorapatite, basaltic glass and olivine by hydrothermal vapors and fluids: Implications for fumarolic activity and secondary phosphate phases in sulfate-rich Paso Robles soil at Gusev Crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION RATES; MOSSBAUER DATA; MINERALOGY; CONSEQUENCES; MECHANISM; DEPOSITS; GINIITE; ANALOG; ROCKS; WATER AB Phosphate-rich rocks and a nearby phosphate-rich soil, Paso Robles, were analyzed in Gusev Crater, Mars, by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and interpreted to be highly altered, possibly by hydrothermal or fumarolic alteration of primary, phosphate-rich material. To test mineral phases resulting from such alteration, we performed hydrothermal acid-vapor and acid-fluid experiments on olivine (Ol), fluorapatite (Ap), and basaltic glass (Gl) as single phases and a mixture of phases. Minerals formed include Ca-, Al-, Fe- and Mg-sulfates with different hydration states (anhydrite, bassanite, gypsum; alunogen; hexahydrite, and pentahydrite). Phosphate-bearing minerals formed included monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCP) (acid-vapor and acid-fluid alteration of fluorapatite only) and ferrian giniite (acid-fluid alteration of the Ol + Gl + Ap mixture). MCP is likely present in Paso Robles if primary Ca-phosphate minerals reacted with sulfuric acid with little transport of phosphate. Under fluid:rock ratios allowing transport of phosphate, a ferric phosphate phase such as ferrian giniite might form instead. Mossbauer measurements of ferrian giniite-bearing alteration products and synthetic ferrian giniite are consistent with Spirit's Mossbauer measurements of the ferric-bearing phase in Paso Robes soil, but are also consistent with ferric sulfate phases in the low-P soil Arad_Samra. Therefore, Mossbauer data alone do not constrain the fluid: rock ratio. However, the excess iron (hematite) in Paso Robles soil, which implies aqueous transport, combined with our laboratory experiments, suggest acid-sulfate alteration in a hydrothermal (fumarolic) environment at fluid:rock ratios sufficient to allow dissolution, transport, and precipitation of secondary chemical components including a ferric phosphate such as ferrian giniite. Citation: Hausrath, E. M., D. C. Golden, R. V. Morris, D. G. Agresti, and D. W. Ming (2013), Acid sulfate alteration of fluorapatite, basaltic glass and olivine by hydrothermal vapors and fluids: Implications for fumarolic activity and secondary phosphate phases in sulfate-rich Paso Robles soil at Gusev Crater, Mars, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 1-13, doi:10.1029/2012JE004246. C1 [Hausrath, E. M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Golden, D. C.] Jacobs Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Morris, R. V.; Ming, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Agresti, D. G.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Hausrath, EM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM Elisabeth.Hausrath@unlv.edu FU NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; NASA Mars Exploration Program; Mars Fundamental Research Program FX We would like to thank G. Robinson, B. Sutter, S. Gislason, C. Galindo, L. Le, A. Peslier, T. Graff, D. Archer, and V. Lauer. We would like to acknowledge funding from the Mars Fundamental Research Program. EMH is grateful for support from the NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. RVM and DWM acknowledge funding from the NASA Mars Exploration Program. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful reviews greatly strengthened this work. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 DI 10.1029/2012JE004246 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129MF UT WOS:000317843600001 ER PT J AU Toigo, AD Smith, MD Seelos, FP Murchie, SL AF Toigo, Anthony D. Smith, Michael D. Seelos, Frank P. Murchie, Scott L. TI High spatial and temporal resolution sampling of Martian gas abundances from CRISM spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARS WATER CYCLE; SEASONAL RESERVOIRS; ATMOSPHERE; REGOLITH; BEHAVIOR; VAPOR; DUST; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS AB The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft has been collecting spectra in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range for over 5years (approximately 3 Martian years). Observations consist of image cubes, with two main selections of spectral sampling (74 and 545 spectral channels) and two main selections of spatial sampling (approximately 20 and 200 m/pixel). Retrievals of gas abundances, specifically CO2, H2O, and CO, are performed from spectra collected in all observation modes. The retrievals are efficiently performed using a look-up table, where the strength of gas absorption features are precalculated for an N-dimensional discrete grid of known input parameters (season, location, environment, viewing geometry, etc.) and the one unknown parameter to be retrieved (gas abundance). A reverse interpolation in the look-up table is used to match the observed strength of the gas absorption to the gas abundance. This algorithm is extremely fast compared to traditional radiative transfer computations that seek to recursively fit calculated results to an observed spectral feature, and can therefore be applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis to the tens of thousands of Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars images, to examine cross-scene structure as well as to produce climatological averages. Citation: Toigo, A. D., M. D. Smith, F. P. Seelos, and S. L. Murchie (2013), High spatial and temporal resolution sampling of Martian gas abundances from CRISM spectra, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 89-104, doi: 10.1029/2012JE004147. C1 [Toigo, Anthony D.; Seelos, Frank P.; Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Smith, Michael D.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Toigo, AD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Anthony.Toigo@jhuapl.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X FU NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project as members of the CRISM Science and Operations teams, and are grateful for the rest of the CRISM instrument and MRO spacecraft teams for their hard and invaluable work in maintaining a successful mission. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 DI 10.1029/2012JE004147 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129MF UT WOS:000317843600009 ER PT J AU Zalucha, AM Brecht, AS Rafkin, S Bougher, SW Alexander, MJ AF Zalucha, A. M. Brecht, A. S. Rafkin, S. Bougher, S. W. Alexander, M. J. TI Incorporation of a gravity wave momentum deposition parameterization into the Venus Thermosphere General Circulation Model (VTGCM) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRAL PARAMETERIZATION; GLOBAL CIRCULATION; ATOMIC OXYGEN; DRAG; DYNAMICS; MESOSPHERE; LAYER; TEMPERATURE; SATURATION AB The gravity wave-drag parameterization of Alexander and Dunkerton (1999) was implemented into a Venus Thermosphere General Circulation Model (VTGCM) to investigate breaking gravity waves as a source of momentum deposition in Venus' thermosphere. Previously, deceleration of zonal jets on the morning and evening terminators in models was accomplished via Rayleigh friction, a linear drag law that is not directly linked to any physical mechanism. The Alexander and Dunkerton (1999) parameterization deposits all of the momentum of a breaking wave at the breaking altitude and features a spectrum of wave phase speeds whose amplitudes are distributed as a Gaussian about a center phase speed. We did not find a combination of wave parameters (namely, center phase speed, amplitude at center phase speed, and distribution width) to produce sufficient drag in the jet cores that would bring VTGCM density and nightglow emissions into agreement with Venus Express observations. The zonal wind shear from 100 to 120 km altitude is very strong. Gravity waves launched below 100 km either break in the strong shear zones below 115 km or are reflected and do not propagate into the jet core regions where drag is needed. The results we present demonstrate that parameterizations developed for the middle atmosphere do not work in the thermosphere and that appropriate damping mechanisms other than nonlinear breaking/saturation dominate and should be accounted for at these heights. Citation: Zalucha, A. M., A. S. Brecht, S. Rafkin, S. W. Bougher, and M. J. Alexander (2013), Incorporation of a gravity wave momentum deposition parameterization into the Venus Thermosphere General Circulation Model (VTGCM), J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 147-160, doi:10.1029/2012JE004168. C1 [Zalucha, A. M.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Brecht, A. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rafkin, S.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder Creek, CA USA. [Bougher, S. W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Alexander, M. J.] NorthWest Res Associates CoRA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zalucha, AM (reprint author), AM Zalucha Consulting Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. EM azalucha@seti.org RI Bougher, Stephen/C-1913-2013 OI Bougher, Stephen/0000-0002-4178-2729 FU NASA Venus Express Participating Scientist Program [NNX10AI35G] FX This work was supported by the NASA Venus Express Participating Scientist Program, NNX10AI35G. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 DI 10.1029/2012JE004168 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129MF UT WOS:000317843600014 ER PT J AU Wilson, LB Koval, A Szabo, A Breneman, A Cattell, CA Goetz, K Kellogg, PJ Kersten, K Kasper, JC Maruca, BA Pulupa, M AF Wilson, L. B., III Koval, A. Szabo, A. Breneman, A. Cattell, C. A. Goetz, K. Kellogg, P. J. Kersten, K. Kasper, J. C. Maruca, B. A. Pulupa, M. TI Electromagnetic waves and electron anisotropies downstream of supercritical interplanetary shocks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; WHISTLER-MODE TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC NOISE BURSTS; LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; HIGH MACH NUMBER; SOLAR-WIND; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; LION ROARS; ISEE-2 OBSERVATIONS; FREQUENCY AB We present waveform observations of electromagnetic lower hybrid and whistler waves with f(ci) << f < f(ce) downstream of four supercritical interplanetary shocks using the Wind search coil magnetometer. The whistler waves were observed to have a weak positive correlation between dB and normalized heat flux magnitude and an inverse correlation with T-eh/T-ec. All were observed simultaneous with electron distributions satisfying the whistler heat flux instability threshold and most with T-perpendicular to h/T-parallel to h>1.01. Thus, the whistler mode waves appear to be driven by a heat flux instability and cause perpendicular heating of the halo electrons. The lower hybrid waves show a much weaker correlation between delta B and normalized heat flux magnitude and are often observed near magnetic field gradients. A third type of event shows fluctuations consistent with a mixture of both lower hybrid and whistler mode waves. These results suggest that whistler waves may indeed be regulating the electron heat flux and the halo temperature anisotropy, which is important for theories and simulations of electron distribution evolution from the Sun to the Earth. Citation: Wilson III, L. B., et al. (2013), Electromagnetic waves and electron anisotropies downstream of supercritical interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 5-16, doi:10.1029/2012JA018167. C1 [Wilson, L. B., III; Koval, A.; Szabo, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Breneman, A.; Cattell, C. A.; Goetz, K.; Kellogg, P. J.; Kersten, K.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kasper, J. C.; Maruca, B. A.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pulupa, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koval, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Wilson, LB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com RI Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Wilson III, Lynn/D-4425-2012; OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Wilson III, Lynn/0000-0002-4313-1970; Cattell, Cynthia/0000-0002-3805-320X; Pulupa, Marc/0000-0002-1573-7457 FU NESSF [NNX07AU72H, NNX07AI05G]; Dr. Leonard Burlaga/Arctowski Medal Fellowship; NASA [NNX10AT09G] FX We thank S. D. Bale, J.R. Wygant, and R. Lysak for useful discussions of the physics involved in our study. All Wind spacecraft data were produced under Wind MO&DA grants. This research was partially supported by NESSF grant NNX07AU72H and grant NNX07AI05G, the Dr. Leonard Burlaga/Arctowski Medal Fellowship, and UCB work sponsored by NASA grant NNX10AT09G. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1029/2012JA018167 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600002 ER PT J AU Enriquez-Rivera, O Blanco-Cano, X Russell, CT Jian, LK Luhmann, JG Simunac, KDC Galvin, AB AF Enriquez-Rivera, O. Blanco-Cano, X. Russell, C. T. Jian, L. K. Luhmann, J. G. Simunac, K. D. C. Galvin, A. B. TI Mirror-mode storms inside stream interaction regions and in the ambient solar wind: A kinetic study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON ANISOTROPY INSTABILITIES; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; LINEAR INSTABILITY; BOW SHOCK; MAGNETOSHEATH; ULYSSES; PLASMA; SIMULATIONS AB Mirror-mode structures have been found in the solar wind at various heliocentric distances with different missions. Recently, STEREO has observed mirror-mode waves present as trains of holes and also as humps in the magnetic field magnitude. In some cases, mirror-mode trains last for very long periods of time and have been called "mirror-mode storms". We present case studies of mirror-mode storms observed in the solar wind using STEREO data in three different locations: in the downstream region of the forward shock of a stream interaction region, inside a stream interaction region far from the forward shock, and also in the ambient solar wind. To make a formal identification of the mirror mode, we determine wave characteristics using minimum variance analysis. Finally, we perform a kinetic dispersion analysis and discuss the possible origin of mirror-mode structures evaluating curves of growth for different regimes of proton temperature anisotropies in a plasma with a He component. Citation: Enriquez-Rivera, O., X. Blanco-Cano, C. T. Russell, L. K. Jian, J. G. Luhmann, K. D. C Simunac, and A. B. Galvin (2013), Mirror-mode storms inside stream interaction regions and in the ambient solar wind: A kinetic study, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 17-28, doi:10.1029/2012JA018233. C1 [Enriquez-Rivera, O.; Blanco-Cano, X.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jian, L. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Simunac, K. D. C.; Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Enriquez-Rivera, O (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. EM oenriquez@geofisica.unam.mx RI Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010 OI Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527 FU DGAPA/PAPIIT [110511-3]; NASA; University of California, Berkeley [NAS5-031031] FX OER and XBC thank DGAPA/PAPIIT grant 110511-3. Janet Luhmann acknowledges the NASA support of the STEREO project and the IMPACT investigation at the University of California, Berkeley, through grant NAS5-031031. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1029/2012JA018233 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600003 ER PT J AU Baker, DN Poh, G Odstrcil, D Arge, CN Benna, M Johnson, CL Korth, H Gershman, DJ Ho, GC McClintock, WE Cassidy, TA Merkel, A Raines, JM Schriver, D Slavin, JA Solomon, SC Travnicek, PM Winslow, RM Zurbuchen, TH AF Baker, Daniel N. Poh, Gangkai Odstrcil, Dusan Arge, C. Nick Benna, Mehdi Johnson, Catherine L. Korth, Haje Gershman, Daniel J. Ho, George C. McClintock, William E. Cassidy, Timothy A. Merkel, Aimee Raines, Jim M. Schriver, David Slavin, James A. Solomon, Sean C. Travnicek, Pavel M. Winslow, Reka M. Zurbuchen, Thomas H. TI Solar wind forcing at Mercury: WSA-ENLIL model results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONE MODEL; INSTRUMENT; CME; INTERPLANETARY; SPECTROMETER; SUBSTORMS AB Analysis and interpretation of observations from the MESSENGER spacecraft in orbit about Mercury require knowledge of solar wind "forcing" parameters. We have utilized the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)-ENLIL solar wind modeling tool in order to calculate the values of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength (B), solar wind velocity (V) and density (n), ram pressure (similar to nV(2)), cross-magnetosphere electric field (V x B), Alfven Mach number (M-A), and other derived quantities of relevance for solar wind-magnetosphere interactions. We have compared upstream MESSENGER IMF and solar wind measurements to see how well the ENLIL model results compare. Such parameters as solar wind dynamic pressure are key for determining the Mercury magnetopause standoff distance, for example. We also use the relatively high-time-resolution B-field data from MESSENGER to estimate the strength of the product of the solar wind speed and southward IMF strength (B-s) at Mercury. This product VBs is the electric field that drives many magnetospheric dynamical processes and can be compared with the occurrence of energetic particle bursts within the Mercury magnetosphere. This quantity also serves as input to the global magnetohydrodynamic and kinetic magnetosphere models that are being used to explore magnetospheric and exospheric processes at Mercury. Moreover, this modeling can help assess near-real-time magnetospheric behavior for MESSENGER or other mission analysis and/or ground-based observational campaigns. We demonstrate that this solar wind forcing tool is a crucial step toward bringing heliospheric science expertise to bear on planetary exploration programs. Citation: Baker, D. N., et al. (2013), Solar wind forcing at Mercury: WSA-ENLIL model results, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 45-57, doi:10.1029/2012JA018064. C1 [Baker, Daniel N.; Poh, Gangkai; McClintock, William E.; Cassidy, Timothy A.; Merkel, Aimee] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Poh, Gangkai; Gershman, Daniel J.; Raines, Jim M.; Slavin, James A.; Zurbuchen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arge, C. Nick] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Benna, Mehdi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, Catherine L.; Winslow, Reka M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Johnson, Catherine L.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Korth, Haje; Ho, George C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Schriver, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Schriver, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Travnicek, Pavel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Daniel.Baker@LASP.colorado.edu RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014; Ho, George/G-3650-2015; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012; Poh, Gangkai/O-5378-2016 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Ho, George/0000-0003-1093-2066; Poh, Gangkai/0000-0002-5775-2006 FU NASA Discovery Program [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271]; National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) FX The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The modeling techniques described here were originally developed under the auspices of the National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM). NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1029/2012JA018064 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600005 ER PT J AU Smith, EJ AF Smith, Edward J. TI Large deviations of the magnetic field from the Parker spiral in CRRs: Validity of the Schwadron model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; COMPONENT; JUPITER; SUN AB A difference in solar wind speed inside and outside a Coronal Hole Boundary (CHB) causes the field and solar wind to expand rapidly with distance to form a Corotating Rarefaction Region (CRR). In the Parker model, field lines inside the CRR form spirals determined by the local solar wind speed. Observationally, however, CRR fields often diverge from the Parker spiral by tens of degrees and in a more radial direction. In a model developed by Schwadron (2002), in addition to the velocity gradient, the field lines rotate differentially across the CHB. The solar wind speed then varies along the field lines rather than remaining constant as in the Parker model. The plausibility of the model is supported by calculations using nominal model parameters that reproduce the systematic deviations from the Parker spiral. The present study establishes the validity of the model by comparing observations of nine CRRs between 1 and 4 AU with model predictions. Estimates are obtained for the width, velocity gradient, differential velocity of the CRR, and the transit time of the magnetic field. These parameters are obtained at the surface near 10 solar radii where the pressure of the coronal magnetic field first becomes balanced. Citation: Smith E. J. (2013), Large deviations of the magnetic field from the Parker spiral in CRRs: Validity of the Schwadron model, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 58-62, doi:10.1002/jgra.50098. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Smith, EJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Edward.J.Smith@jpl.nasa.gov RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1002/jgra.50098 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600006 ER PT J AU Omidi, N Zhang, H Sibeck, D Turner, D AF Omidi, N. Zhang, H. Sibeck, D. Turner, D. TI Spontaneous hot flow anomalies at quasi-parallel shocks: 2. Hybrid simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; UPSTREAM SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; DIAMAGNETIC CAVITIES; RE-FORMATION; ULF WAVES; FORESHOCK; IONS; DISCONTINUITY AB Motivated by recent THEMIS observations, this paper uses 2.5-D electromagnetic hybrid simulations to investigate the formation of Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies (SHFAs) upstream of quasi-parallel bow shocks during steady solar wind conditions and in the absence of discontinuities. The results show the formation of a large number of structures along and upstream of the quasi-parallel bow shock. Their outer edges exhibit density and magnetic field enhancements, while their cores exhibit drops in density, magnetic field, solar wind velocity, and enhancements in ion temperature. Using virtual spacecraft in the simulation, we show that the signatures of these structures in the time series data are very similar to those of SHFAs seen in THEMIS data and conclude that they correspond to SHFAs. Examination of the simulation data shows that SHFAs form as the result of foreshock cavitons interacting with the bow shock. Foreshock cavitons in turn form due to the nonlinear evolution of ULF waves generated by the interaction of the solar wind with the backstreaming ions. Because foreshock cavitons are an inherent part of the shock dissipation process, the formation of SHFAs is also an inherent part of the dissipation process leading to a highly nonuniform plasma in the quasi-parallel magnetosheath including large-scale density and magnetic field cavities. Citation: Omidi, N., H. Zhang, D. Sibeck, and D. Turner (2013), Spontaneous hot flow anomalies at quasi-parallel shocks: 2. Hybrid simulations, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 173-180, doi:10.1029/2012JA018099. C1 [Omidi, N.] Solana Sci Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Zhang, H.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Sibeck, D.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Turner, D.] IGPP UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Omidi, N (reprint author), Solana Sci Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. EM omidi@solanasci.com RI Turner, Drew/G-3224-2012 FU NSF [AGS-1007449, AGS-0963111, AGS-0962815] FX Work for this project was supported by NSF grants AGS-1007449, AGS-0963111 and AGS-0962815. NR 55 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1029/2012JA018099 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600017 ER PT J AU Katus, RM Liemohn, MW Gallagher, DL Ridley, A Zou, SS AF Katus, Roxanne M. Liemohn, Michael W. Gallagher, Dennis L. Ridley, Aaron Zou, Shasha TI Evidence for potential and inductive convection during intense geomagnetic events using normalized superposed epoch analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP POTENTIALS; RING CURRENT; MAGNETIC STORMS; AURORAL ELECTROJETS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; DEPENDENT MODEL; ENERGY CONTENT; SOLAR-WIND; SUBSTORM; INDEXES AB The relative contribution of storm-time ring current development by convection driven by either potential or inductive electric fields has remained an unresolved question in geospace research. Studies have been published supporting each side of this debate, including views that ring current buildup is entirely one or the other. This study presents new insights into the relative roles of these storm main phase processes. We perform a superposed epoch study of 97 intense (Dst(Min)<-100 nT) and 91 moderate (-50 nT>Dst(Min)>-100 nT) storms using OMNI solar wind and ground-based data. Instead of using a single reference time for the superpositioning of the events, we choose four reference times and expand or contract each phase of every event to the average length of this phase, creating a normalized timeline for the superposed epoch analysis. Using the bootstrap method, we statistically demonstrate that timeline normalization results in better reproduction of average storm dynamics than conventional methods. Examination of the Dst reveals an inflection point in the intense storm group consistent with two-step main phase development, which is supported by results for the southward interplanetary magnetic field and various ground-based magnetic indices. This two-step main-phase process is not seen in the moderate storm timeline and data sets. It is determined that the first step of Dst development is due to potential convective drift, during which an initial ring current is formed. The negative feedback of this hot ion population begins to limit further ring current growth. The second step of the main phase, however, is found to be a more even mix of potential and inductive convection. It is hypothesized that this is necessary to achieve intense storm Dst levels because the substorm dipolarizations are effective at breaking through the negative feedback barrier of the existing inner magnetospheric hot ion pressure peak. Citation: Katus, R. M., M. W. Liemohn, D. L. Gallagher, A. Ridley, and S. Zou (2013), Evidence for potential and inductive convection during intense geomagnetic events using normalized superposed epoch analysis, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 181-191, doi:10.1029/2012JA017915. C1 [Katus, Roxanne M.; Liemohn, Michael W.; Ridley, Aaron; Zou, Shasha] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gallagher, Dennis L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Dept, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Katus, RM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rkatus@umich.edu RI Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Zou, Shasha/G-2205-2011; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Zou, Shasha/0000-0001-7726-2349; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 FU NASA; NSF; NASA from Marshall Space Flight Center FX The authors would like to thank NASA and NSF for funding this research through various grants, including a NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowship from Marshall Space Flight Center. The authors would also like to thank the Kyoto World Data Center for providing access to the Dst, SYMH, and Kp indices, and NASA's CDAWeb for providing access to the OMNI solar wind data. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1029/2012JA017915 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600018 ER PT J AU Echer, E Tsurutani, BT Gonzalez, WD AF Echer, E. Tsurutani, B. T. Gonzalez, W. D. TI Interplanetary origins of moderate (-100 nT < Dst <=-50 nT) geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 23 (1996-2008) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC STORMS; PEAK DST; INTENSE; WIND; FIELD; PARAMETERS; MAXIMUM; ENERGY; EARTH AB The interplanetary causes of 213 moderate-intensity (-100 nT < peak Dst <= -50 nT) geomagnetic storms that occurred in solar cycle 23 (1996-2008) are identified. Interplanetary drivers such as corotating interaction regions (CIRs), pure high-speed streams (HSSs), interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) of two types [those with magnetic clouds (MCs) and those without (nonmagnetic cloud or ICME_nc)], sheaths (compressed and/or draped sheath fields), as well as their combined occurrence were identified as causes of the storms. The annual rate of occurrence of moderate storms had two peaks, one near solar maximum and the other in the descending phase, around 3 years later. The highest rate of moderate storm occurrence was found in the declining phase (25 storms year(-1)). The lowest occurrence rate was 5.7 storms year(-1) and occurred at solar minimum. All moderate-intensity storms were associated with southward interplanetary magnetic fields, indicating that magnetic reconnection was the main mechanism for solar wind energy transfer to the magnetosphere. Most of these storms were associated with CIRs and pure HSSs (47.9%), followed by MCs and noncloud ICMEs (20.6%), pure sheath fields (10.8%), and sheath and ICME combined occurrence (9.9%). In terms of solar cycle dependence, CIRs and HSSs are the dominant drivers in the declining phase and at solar minimum. CIRs and HSSs combined have about the same level of importance as ICMEs plus their sheaths in the rising and maximum solar cycle phases. Thus, CIRs and HSSs are the main driver of moderate storms throughout a solar cycle but with variable contributions from ICMEs, their shocks (sheaths), and combined occurrence within the solar cycle. This result is significantly different than that for intense (Dst <= -100 nT) and superintense (Dst <= -250 nT) magnetic storms shown in previous studies. For superintense geomagnetic storms, 100% of the events were due to ICME events, while for intense storms, ICMEs, sheaths, and their combination caused almost 80% of the storms. CIRs caused only 13% of the intense storms. The typical interplanetary electric field (Ey) criteria for moderate magnetic storms were identified. It was found that similar to 80.1% of the storms follow the criterion of Ey >= 2 mV m(-1) for intervals longer than 2 h. It is concluded that southward directed interplanetary magnetic fields within CIRs/HSSs may be the main energy source for long-term averaged geomagnetic activity on Earth. Citation: Echer E., B. T. Tsurutani and W. D. Gonzalez (2013), Interplanetary origins of moderate (-100 nT < Dst -50 nT) geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 23 (1996-2008), J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 385-392, doi:10.1029/2012JA018086. C1 [Echer, E.; Gonzalez, W. D.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Echer, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Av Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM eecher@dge.inpe.br RI Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013 FU Brazilian CNPq agency [301233/2011-0] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the Space Physics Data Facility (OMNIWEB solar wind data base), the Solar Influences Data Analysis Center, and the World Data Center for Geomagnetism-Kyoto for providing solar wind, sunspot, and geomagnetic Dst data. One of the authors (E. E.) would like to thank the Brazilian CNPq (301233/2011-0) agency for financial support. A portion of this research was done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1029/2012JA018086 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600036 ER PT J AU Curry, SM Liemohn, M Fang, X Ma, Y Espley, J AF Curry, S. M. Liemohn, M. Fang, X. Ma, Y. Espley, J. TI The influence of production mechanisms on pick-up ion loss at Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC EROSION; PLASMA ENVIRONMENT; IMPACT IONIZATION; OXYGEN-ATOMS; VENUS; ESCAPE; ASPERA-3; EXPRESS; PROTONS AB This study quantifies the influence of ionization production mechanisms on ion escape and transport through near-Mars space. The Mars Test Particle simulation calculates the detailed ion velocity space distribution through a background magnetic and electric field model at specific locations. The main objective of this work is to extensively probe the sources of O+ ion escape relative to the production mechanisms: photoionization, charge exchange, and electron impact. Seven production methods are explored and compared, resulting in total production and loss rates differing up to two orders of magnitude. Photoionization was compared as a function of solar zenith angle and optical shadow. Charge exchange O+ production was studied with three methods: a constant rate assuming cold ion collisions, a constant rate proportional to the reaction cross-section and upstream solar wind bulk velocity, and finally a novel approach proportional to the cross-section and both the random and bulk velocity. Finally, electron impact ionization was considered as a constant and as a function of electron temperature. Of these methods, a baseline of the most physically relevant ion mechanisms was selected. Additionally, energy distributions at specific spatial locations highlight the individual ion populations in velocity space, revealing asymmetric and nongyrotropic features due to specific ionization methods. Analysis of the O+ flux and loss is in agreement with observations and also indicates a strong polar plume in the northern hemisphere for a given interplanetary magnetic field orientation. We calculate the total production and escape to be 2.5 x 10(25) and 6.4 x 10(24), respectively. Citation: Curry, S. M., M. Liemohn, X. Fang, Y. Ma, and J. Espley (2013), The influence of production mechanisms on pick-up ion loss at Mars, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 554-569, doi:10.1029/2012JA017665. C1 [Curry, S. M.; Liemohn, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fang, X.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ma, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Espley, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Curry, SM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM smcurry@umich.edu RI Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Espley, Jared/I-5118-2013; Fang, Xiaohua/C-2773-2008; Ma, Yingjuan/B-4895-2017 OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Espley, Jared/0000-0002-6371-9683; Fang, Xiaohua/0000-0002-6584-2837; Ma, Yingjuan/0000-0003-2584-7091 FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the Graduate Student Research Program; NASA [NNX10AL84H, NNX11D80G]; NSF [AST-0908311, AST-0908472] FX This work was funded by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the Graduate Student Research Program. We also specifically acknowledge support for the University of Michigan work from the NASA grants NNX10AL84H and NNX11D80G as well as the NSF grant AST-0908311 and for the University of Colorado work with NSF grant AST-0908472. The authors would like to acknowledge Fang Fang for her valuable expertise and support. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 554 EP 569 DI 10.1029/2012JA017665 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600053 ER PT J AU Black, C Germaschewski, K Bhattacharjee, A Ng, CS AF Black, Carrie Germaschewski, Kai Bhattacharjee, Amitava Ng, C. S. TI Discrete kinetic eigenmode spectra of electron plasma oscillations in weakly collisional plasma: A numerical study SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION; VLASOV EQUATION; VELOCITY SPACE; INTEGRATION; DIFFUSION; MODES AB It has been demonstrated that in the presence of weak collisions, described by the Lenard-Bernstein (LB) collision operator, the Landau-damped solutions become true eigenmodes of the system and constitute a complete set [C.-S. Ng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1974 (1999) and C. S. Ng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 065002 (2004)]. We present numerical results from an Eulerian Vlasov code that incorporates the Lenard-Bernstein collision operator [A. Lenard and I. B. Bernstein, Phys. Rev. 112, 1456 (1958)]. The effect of collisions on the numerical recursion phenomenon seen in Vlasov codes is discussed. The code is benchmarked against exact linear eigenmode solutions in the presence of weak collisions, and a spectrum of Landau-damped solutions is determined within the limits of numerical resolution. Tests of the orthogonality and the completeness relation are presented. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789882] C1 [Black, Carrie] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Germaschewski, Kai; Bhattacharjee, Amitava] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Computat & Anal Reconnect & Turbul, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ng, C. S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ng, C. S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Black, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Carrie.Black@nasa.gov RI Ng, Chung-Sang/F-2980-2011 OI Ng, Chung-Sang/0000-0003-1861-5356 FU NSF [CNS-0855145, AGS-1056898]; DOE [ER55093]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1004357]; National Science Foundation of China NSFC [41128004] FX This work was conducted at the Center for Integrated Computation and Analysis of Reconnection and Turbulence (CICART) at the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space located at the University of New Hampshire. The research of C.B. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. K.G. is supported by NSF Grants CNS-0855145 and AGS-1056898 and DOE Grant ER55093. C.S.N. is supported in part by a National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1004357 and by the National Science Foundation of China NSFC under Grant No. 41128004. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2013 VL 20 IS 1 AR 012125 DI 10.1063/1.4789882 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 122AC UT WOS:000317286200027 ER PT J AU Getirana, ACV Boone, A Yamazaki, D Mognard, N AF Getirana, Augusto C. V. Boone, Aaron Yamazaki, Dai Mognard, Nelly TI Automatic parameterization of a flow routing scheme driven by radar altimetry data: Evaluation in the Amazon basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; SURFACE SCHEME; RIVER-BASIN; CALIBRATION; RESOLUTION; VARIABILITY AB This paper describes and evaluates a procedure that integrates radar altimetry data into the automatic calibration of large-scale flow routing schemes (LFRS). The Hydrological Modeling and Analysis Platform, coupled in off-line mode with the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere land surface model, is used to simulate daily surface water dynamics of the Amazon basin at a 0.25 degrees spatial resolution. The Multiobjective Complex Evolution optimization algorithm is used to optimize one parameter (subsurface runoff time delay) and other three parameter multiplier factors (Manning roughness coefficient for rivers, river width, and bankfull height) by minimizing two objective functions for the 2002 to 2006 period. Four calibration experiments are performed by combining water discharge observations and Envisat data to evaluate the potential of using radar altimetry in the automatic calibration of LFRS. One experiment is based on daily discharge observations, other combines discharge with altimetric data, and the other two ones are driven exclusively by radar altimetry data, at 16 or four virtual stations, depending on the experiment. The calibration process is validated against discharge observations at five gauging stations located on the main tributaries. This study shows the feasibility of calibrating LFRS using radar altimetry data. Results demonstrate that reasonable parameters can be obtained by using radar altimetry in an optimization procedure with competitive computational costs. However, there is evidence of equifinality among model parameters. Furthermore, the automatic calibration driven by altimetric data can reliably reproduce discharges time series, and significant improvements are noticed in simulated water level variations. Citation: Getirana, A. C. V., A. Boone, D. Yamazaki, and N. Mognard (2013), Automatic parameterization of a flow routing scheme driven by radar altimetry data: Evaluation in the Amazon basin, Water Resour. Res., 49, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20077. C1 [Getirana, Augusto C. V.; Mognard, Nelly] CNES, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Boone, Aaron] GAME Ctr Natl Rech Meterol, Toulouse, France. [Yamazaki, Dai] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Getirana, ACV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM augusto.getirana@nasa.gov RI Yamazaki, Dai/J-3029-2012; Getirana, Augusto/A-6146-2010; Getirana, Augusto/G-4630-2011 OI Yamazaki, Dai/0000-0002-6478-1841; FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The first author thanks the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for the financial support. The study benefited from data made available by Agencia Nacional de Aguas (ANA) and by the European Space Agency (ESA) under the form of Geophysical Data Records (GDRs). The multimission database of GDRs is maintained by the Centre de Topographie des Oceans et de l'Hydrosphere (CTOH) at LEGOS. The authors also thank G. Cochonneau (IRD) and M. C. Gennero (IRD) for their help in data acquisition and processing and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 614 EP 629 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20077 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129GR UT WOS:000317827600045 ER PT J AU Worden, J Wecht, K Frankenberg, C Alvarado, M Bowman, K Kort, E Kulawik, S Lee, M Payne, V Worden, H AF Worden, J. Wecht, K. Frankenberg, C. Alvarado, M. Bowman, K. Kort, E. Kulawik, S. Lee, M. Payne, V. Worden, H. TI CH4 and CO distributions over tropical fires during October 2006 as observed by the Aura TES satellite instrument and modeled by GEOS-Chem SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; COLUMN CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVALS; AEROSOLS; FOREST; PEAT AB Tropical fires represent a highly uncertain source of atmospheric methane (CH4) because of the variability of fire emissions and the dependency of the fire CH4 emission factors (g kg(-1) dry matter burned) on fuel type and combustion phase. In this paper we use new observations of CH4 and CO in the free troposphere from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Sounder (TES) satellite instrument to place constraints on the role of tropical fire emissions versus microbial production (e.g. in wetlands and livestock) during the (October) 2006 El Nino, a time of significant fire emissions from Indonesia. We first compare the global CH4 distributions from TES using the GEOS-Chem model. We find a mean bias between the observations and model of 26.3 ppb CH4 that is independent of latitude between 50 degrees S and 80 degrees N, consistent with previous validation studies of TES CH4 retrievals using aircraft measurements. The slope of the distribution of CH4 versus CO as observed by TES and modeled by GEOS-Chem is consistent (within the TES observation error) for air parcels over the Indonesian peat fires, South America, and Africa. The CH4 and CO distributions are correlated between R = 0.42 and R = 0.46, with these correlations primarily limited by the TES random error. Over Indonesia, the observed slope of 0.13 (ppb ppb(-1)) +/- 0.01, as compared to a modeled slope of 0.153 (ppb ppb(-1)) +/- 0.005 and an emission ratio used within the GEOS-Chem model of approximately 0.11 (ppb ppb(-1)), indicates that most of the observed methane enhancement originated from the fire. Slopes of 0.47 (ppb ppb(-1)) +/- 0.04 and 0.44 (ppb ppb(-1)) +/- 0.03 over South America and Africa show that the methane in the observed air parcels primarily came from microbial-generated emissions. Sensitivity studies using GEOS-Chem show that part of the observed correlation for the Indonesian observations and most of the observed correlations over South America and Africa are a result of transport and mixing of the fire and nearby microbial-generated emissions into the observed air parcels. Differences between observed and modeled CH4 distributions over South America and southern Africa indicate that the magnitude of the methane emissions for this time period are inconsistent with observations even if the relative distribution of fire versus biotic emissions are consistent. This study shows the potential for estimation of CH4 emissions over tropical regions using joint satellite observations of CH4 and CO. C1 [Worden, J.; Frankenberg, C.; Bowman, K.; Kort, E.; Kulawik, S.; Lee, M.; Payne, V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wecht, K.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alvarado, M.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Worden, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Worden, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM john.worden@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 7 BP 3679 EP 3692 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3679-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126HV UT WOS:000317605400009 ER PT J AU Thomas, JL Raut, JC Law, KS Marelle, L Ancellet, G Ravetta, F Fast, JD Pfister, G Emmons, LK Diskin, GS Weinheimer, A Roiger, A Schlager, H AF Thomas, J. L. Raut, J. -C. Law, K. S. Marelle, L. Ancellet, G. Ravetta, F. Fast, J. D. Pfister, G. Emmons, L. K. Diskin, G. S. Weinheimer, A. Roiger, A. Schlager, H. TI Pollution transport from North America to Greenland during summer 2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ARCTIC AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Ozone pollution transported to the Arctic is a significant concern because of the rapid, enhanced warming in high northern latitudes, which is caused, in part, by short-lived climate forcers, such as ozone. Long-range transport of pollution contributes to background and episodic ozone levels in the Arctic. However, the extent to which plumes are photochemically active during transport, particularly during the summer, is still uncertain. In this study, regional chemical transport model simulations are used to examine photochemical production of ozone in air masses originating from boreal fire and anthropogenic emissions over North America and during their transport toward the Arctic during early July 2008. Model results are evaluated using POLARCAT aircraft data collected over boreal fire source regions in Canada (ARCTAS-B) and several days downwind over Greenland (POLARCAT-France and POLARCAT-GRACE). Model results are generally in good agreement with the observations, except for certain trace gas species over boreal fire regions, in some cases indicating that the fire emissions are too low. Anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution (BB) from North America was rapidly uplifted during transport east and north to Greenland where pollution plumes were observed in the mid-and upper troposphere during POLARCAT. A model sensitivity study shows that CO levels are in better agreement with POLARCAT measurements (fresh and aged fire plumes) upon doubling CO emissions from fires. Analysis of model results, using Delta O-3/Delta CO enhancement ratios, shows that pollution plumes formed ozone during transport towards the Arctic. Fresh anthropogenic plumes have average Delta O-3/Delta CO enhancement ratios of 0.63 increasing to 0.92 for aged anthropogenic plumes, indicating additional ozone production during aging. Fresh fire plumes are only slightly enhanced in ozone (Delta O-3/Delta CO=0.08), but form ozone downwind with Delta O-3/Delta CO of 0.49 for aged BB plumes (model-based run). We estimate that aged anthropogenic and BB pollution together made an important contribution to ozone levels with an average contribution for latitudes > 55 degrees N of up to 6.5 ppbv (18%) from anthropogenic pollution and 3 ppbv (5.2%) from fire pollution in the model domain in summer 2008. C1 [Thomas, J. L.; Raut, J. -C.; Law, K. S.; Marelle, L.; Ancellet, G.; Ravetta, F.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS,IPSL,UMR8190, Paris, France. [Fast, J. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pfister, G.; Emmons, L. K.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Roiger, A.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Thomas, JL (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS,IPSL,UMR8190, Paris, France. EM jennie.thomas@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Raut, Jean-Christophe/G-3946-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; OI Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Raut, Jean-Christophe/0000-0002-3552-2437 FU French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); CNES; CNRS-INSU-LEFE; IPEV; EUFAR; ANR Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI [5-6 021 01]; CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU); European Union Arctic Climate Change, Economy and Society (ACCESS) project [FP7-SCP0-2011-265863]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER) Climate Change Modeling Program; INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany); National Science Foundation FX We thank the POLARCAT aircraft teams especially the NASA ARCTAS, DLR-GRACE, and French ATR-42 teams. French ATR-42 campaigns and data analysis were part of POLARCAT-France funded by French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), CNES, CNRS-INSU-LEFE, IPEV and EUFAR. Authors (J. Thomas, K. Law and J. C. Raut) acknowledge support from projects ANR Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI 5-6 021 01, CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU), and the European Union Arctic Climate Change, Economy and Society (ACCESS) project (FP7-SCP0-2011-265863). J. Fast was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER) Climate Change Modeling Program. We thank D. Blake and E. Apel (NMHC measurements) as well as Greg Huey (PAN measurements) and the entire ARCTAS team for the use of the measurements taken onboard the DC8. The authors acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC database is supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). We also acknowledge valuable help from colleagues at PNNL, NCAR (C. Wiedinmyer, S. Walters) and LATMOS/IPSL (D. Cugnet and T. Onishi). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research with funding from the National Science Foundation. CNRS is acknowledged for publication cost support. NR 84 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 7 BP 3825 EP 3848 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3825-2013 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126HV UT WOS:000317605400020 ER PT S AU Kafka, S AF Kafka, Stella BE Di Stefano, R Orio, M Moe, M TI The Changing Nature of QU Carinae: SN Ia Progenitor or a Hoax? SO BINARY PATHS TO TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE EXPLOSIONS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 281st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 04-08, 2011 CL Padova, ITALY SP INAF, City Padova, Univ Padova, Dept Astronomy, INAF Padova Observ, ANEMOS DE binaries: general AB The race to the elusive Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) progenitors is at its zenith, with numerous clues from SNe Ia ejecta and a dearth of observational candidates. Still, the single degenerate channel is a viable route of mass accumulation onto a white dwarf to the Chandrasekhar limit. I present long-term high resolution spectroscopy of QU Carinae, one of the most promising single degenerate SNe Ia progenitors. I discuss its highly variable nature and compare it to current scenarios for mass accumulation onto high-mass white dwarfs, eventually leading to WD detonation and to a supernova explosion. C1 NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Kafka, S (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM skafka@dtm.ciw.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01981-2 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2013 VL 281 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1017/S1743921312014901 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI40 UT WOS:000316706100036 ER PT S AU Mukai, K Sokoloski, JL Nelson, T Luna, GJM AF Mukai, Koji Sokoloski, Jennifer L. Nelson, Thomas Luna, Gerardo J. M. BE Di Stefano, R Orio, M Moe, M TI White Dwarf Masses and Accretion Rates of Recurrent Novae: an X-ray Perspective SO BINARY PATHS TO TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE EXPLOSIONS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 281st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 04-08, 2011 CL Padova, ITALY SP INAF, City Padova, Univ Padova, Dept Astronomy, INAF Padova Observ, ANEMOS DE novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays: binaries, bursts ID EMISSION AB We present recent results of quiescent X-ray observations of recurrent novae (RNe) and related objects. Several RNe are luminous hard X-ray sources in quiescence, consistent with accretion onto a near Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. Detection of similar hard X-ray emissions in old novae and other cataclysmic variables may lead to identification of additional RNe candidates. On the other hand, other RNe are found to be comparatively hard X-ray faint. We present several scenarios that may explain this dichotomy, which should be explored further. C1 [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Sokoloski, Jennifer L.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nelson, Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Luna, Gerardo J. M.] ICATE FCEFyN, San Juan, Argentina. RP Mukai, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Koji.Mukai@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01981-2 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2013 VL 281 BP 186 EP + DI 10.1017/S1743921312014962 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI40 UT WOS:000316706100042 ER PT S AU Rushton, MT Helton, LA Kaminsky, B Woodward, CE Pavlenko, YV Evans, A AF Rushton, M. T. Helton, L. A. Kaminsky, B. Woodward, C. E. Pavlenko, Ya V. Evans, A. BE Di Stefano, R Orio, M Moe, M TI Changes in the Dusty Environment of the Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi SO BINARY PATHS TO TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE EXPLOSIONS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 281st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 04-08, 2011 CL Padova, ITALY SP INAF, City Padova, Univ Padova, Dept Astronomy, INAF Padova Observ, ANEMOS DE stars: novae; cataclysmic variables; mass loss; winds; outflows AB We present Spitzer spectroscopy of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi obtained on several occasions between 2006 and 2009. The spectra show variability in the silicate dust features at 9.7 mu m and 18 mu m, which form in the wind of the red giant in the system. We fit the spectra with DUSTY models and find changes in the dust temperature, due to changes in the luminosity of the central source. The mass-loss rate of the secondary is a few 10(-7) M(circle dot)yr(-1), typical of a red giant of its type. C1 [Rushton, M. T.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Helton, L. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kaminsky, B.; Pavlenko, Ya V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, UA-12703680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Woodward, C. E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Evans, A.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Rushton, MT (reprint author), Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. EM mrushton@uclan.ac.uk NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01981-2 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2013 VL 281 BP 199 EP + DI 10.1017/S1743921312015001 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI40 UT WOS:000316706100046 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Kharecha, P Sato, M AF Hansen, James Kharecha, Pushker Sato, Makiko TI Climate forcing growth rates: doubling down on our Faustian bargain SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-CYCLE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; EL-NINO; OCEAN; FEEDBACKS; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; CO2; DROUGHT; FOREST C1 [Hansen, James] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Hansen, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM james.e.hansen@nasa.gov FU ClimateWorks; Energy Foundation FX We thank ClimateWorks, Energy Foundation, Gerry Lenfest (Lenfest Foundation), Lee Wasserman (Rockefeller Family Foundation), and Stephen Toben (Flora Family Foundation) for research and communications support. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR 011006 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/011006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118BV UT WOS:000316998300007 ER PT J AU Rapp, AD Lebsock, M L'Ecuyer, T AF Rapp, Anita D. Lebsock, Matthew L'Ecuyer, Tristan TI Low cloud precipitation climatology in the southeastern Pacific marine stratocumulus region using CloudSat SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stratocumulus; precipitation; climate; clouds ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; DIURNAL CYCLE; VOCALS-REX; PROFILING ALGORITHM; DRIZZLE; RAIN; VARIABILITY; MODELS; RADAR; CONVECTION AB A climatology of low cloud surface precipitation occurrence and intensity from the new CloudSat 2C-RAIN-PROFILE algorithm is presented from June 2006 through December 2010 for the southeastern Pacific region of marine stratocumulus. Results show that over 70% of low cloud precipitation falls as drizzle. Application of an empirical evaporation model suggests that 50-80% of the precipitation evaporates before it reaches the surface. Segregation of the CloudSat ascending and descending overpasses shows that the majority of precipitation occurs at night. Examination of the seasonal cycle shows that the precipitation is most frequent during the austral winter and spring; however there is considerable regional variability. Conditional rain rates increase from east to west with a maximum occurring in the region influenced by the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Area average rain rates are highest in the region where precipitation rates are moderate, but most frequent. The area average surface rain rate for low cloud precipitation for this region is similar to 0.22 mm d(-1), in good agreement with in situ estimates, and is greatly improved over earlier CloudSat precipitation products. These results provide a much-needed quantification of surface precipitation in a region that is currently underestimated in existing satellite-based precipitation climatologies. C1 [Rapp, Anita D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Lebsock, Matthew] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [L'Ecuyer, Tristan] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. RP Rapp, AD (reprint author), Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM arapp@tamu.edu RI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012; Rapp, Anita/G-8845-2012 OI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836; FU NASA [NNX10AM21G, NNX12AC51G] FX This research was sponsored by NASA Grants NNX10AM21G and NNX12AC51G. Matthew Lebsock's contribution was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. All relevant CloudSat products were obtained through the CloudSat Data Processing Center at http://cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu. The authors thank Sandra Yuter and Matthew Miller for providing the VOCALS C-band reflectivity and rain rate histograms used for comparison in this paper. The authors also thank Chris Fairall and NOAA ESRL for providing the W-band motion-corrected radar reflectivity profiles. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR 014027 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014027 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118BV UT WOS:000316998300035 ER PT J AU Sud, YC Lee, D Oreopoulos, L Barahona, D Nenes, A Suarez, MJ AF Sud, Y. C. Lee, D. Oreopoulos, L. Barahona, D. Nenes, A. Suarez, M. J. TI Performance of McRAS-AC in the GEOS-5 AGCM: aerosol-cloud-microphysics, precipitation, cloud radiative effects, and circulation SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; RELAXED ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; BOREAL-SUMMER CIRCULATION; SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; DROPLET FORMATION; ICE NUCLEATION; PART 1 AB A revised version of the Microphysics of clouds with Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert and Aerosol-Cloud interaction scheme (McRAS-AC) including, among others, a new ice nucleation parameterization, is implemented in the GEOS-5 AGCM. Various fields from a 10-yr-long integration of the AGCM with McRAS-AC are compared with their counterparts from an integration of the baseline GEOS-5 AGCM, as well as satellite observations. Generally McRAS-AC simulations have smaller biases in cloud fields and cloud radiative effects over most of the regions of the Earth than the baseline GEOS-5 AGCM. Two systematic biases are identified in the McRAS-AC runs: one is underestimation of cloud particle numbers around 40 degrees S-60 degrees S, and one is overestimate of cloud water path during the Northern Hemisphere summer over the Gulf Stream and North Pacific. Sensitivity tests show that these biases potentially originate from biases in the aerosol input. The first bias is largely eliminated in a test run using 50% smaller radius of sea-salt aerosol particles, while the second bias is substantially reduced when interactive aerosol chemistry is turned on. The main weakness of McRAS-AC is the dearth of low-level marine stratus clouds, a probable outcome of lack of explicit dry-convection in the cloud scheme. Nevertheless, McRAS-AC largely simulates realistic clouds and their optical properties that can be improved further with better aerosol input. An assessment using the COSP simulator in a 1-yr integration provides additional perspectives for understanding cloud optical property differences between the baseline and McRAS-AC simulations and biases against satellite data. Overall, McRAS-AC physically couples aerosols, the microphysics and macro-physics of clouds, and their radiative effects and thereby has better potential to be a valuable tool for climate modeling research. C1 [Sud, Y. C.; Lee, D.; Oreopoulos, L.; Barahona, D.; Suarez, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sud, Y. C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Lee, D.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Barahona, D.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Tech, Sch Atmospher & Earth Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sud, YC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM yogesh.c.sud@nasa.gov RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Barahona, Donifan/G-4157-2011 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; NR 100 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 57 EP 79 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-57-2013 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118FI UT WOS:000317008500005 ER PT J AU Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Josse, B Young, PJ Cionni, I Eyring, V Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Collins, WJ Doherty, R Dalsoren, S Faluvegi, G Folberth, G Ghan, SJ Horowitz, LW Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T Naik, V Plummer, D Righi, M Rumbold, ST Schulz, M Skeie, RB Stevenson, DS Strode, S Sudo, K Szopa, S Voulgarakis, A Zeng, G AF Lamarque, J. -F. Shindell, D. T. Josse, B. Young, P. J. Cionni, I. Eyring, V. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Collins, W. J. Doherty, R. Dalsoren, S. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. Ghan, S. J. Horowitz, L. W. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Plummer, D. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Schulz, M. Skeie, R. B. Stevenson, D. S. Strode, S. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Voulgarakis, A. Zeng, G. TI The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP): overview and description of models, simulations and climate diagnostics SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; FLUX CONVECTION SCHEME; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; ACCURATE SIMULATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; DRY DEPOSITION; NOX EMISSIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; OZONE AB The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) consists of a series of time slice experiments targeting the long-term changes in atmospheric composition between 1850 and 2100, with the goal of documenting composition changes and the associated radiative forcing. In this overview paper, we introduce the ACCMIP activity, the various simulations performed (with a requested set of 14) and the associated model output. The 16 ACCMIP models have a wide range of horizontal and vertical resolutions, vertical extent, chemistry schemes and [GRAPHICA] interaction with radiation and clouds. While anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions were specified for all time slices in the ACCMIP protocol, it is found that the natural emissions are responsible for a significant range across models, mostly in the case of ozone precursors. The analysis of selected present-day climate diagnostics (precipitation, temperature, specific humidity and zonal wind) reveals biases consistent with state-of-the-art climate models. The model-to-model comparison of changes in temperature, specific humidity and zonal wind between 1850 and 2000 and between 2000 and 2100 indicates mostly consistent results. However, models that are clear outliers are different enough from the other models to significantly affect their simulation of atmospheric chemistry. C1 [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Josse, B.] CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Meteo France, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Eyring, V.; Righi, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Collins, W. J.; Folberth, G.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict, Exeter, Devon, England. [Doherty, R.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dalsoren, S.; Skeie, R. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Ghan, S. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nagashima, T.; Sudo, K.] Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Naik, V.] UCAR NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Plummer, D.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Schulz, M.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway. [Strode, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Szopa, S.] CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Lamarque, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lamar@ucar.edu RI Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013 OI Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700 FU NASA MAP; ACMAP programs; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DLR Earth System Model Validation Project (ESMVal); German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ); ENEA National Integrated Model; Joint DECC; Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; UK research council grant [NE/I008063/1]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. D. S., G. F. and Y. L. acknowledge support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. D. P. would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. S. G. was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The work of D. B. and P. C. was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. V. E. and M. R. were supported by the DLR Earth System Model Validation Project (ESMVal) and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) for the EMAC simulations. The work of I. C. was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project. W. J. C., G. A. F. and S. T. R. were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). V. N. and L. W. H. acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. G. Z. acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS. Supercomputing time was provided by Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing center. The CESM project (which includes CESM-CAM-Superfast, NCAR-CAM3.5 and NCAR-CAM5.1) is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 91 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 73 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 179 EP 206 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-179-2013 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118FI UT WOS:000317008500012 ER PT S AU Clark, N AF Clark, Natalie BE Vincenzini, P Ferrari, M Righini, G TI Intelligent Optical Systems using Adaptive Optics SO SMART & ADAPTIVE OPTICS SE Advances in Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium F on Smart and Adaptive Optics / 4th International Conference on Smart Materials, Structures and Systems CY JUN 10-14, 2012 CL Montecatini Terme, ITALY ID ANISOTROPIC MEDIA; STRATIFIED MEDIA; CORONAGRAPHS; PROPAGATION AB Until recently, the phrase adaptive optics generally conjured images of large deformable mirrors being integrated into telescopes to compensate for atmospheric turbulence. However, the development of smaller, cheaper devices has sparked interest for other aerospace and commercial applications. Variable focal length lenses, liquid crystal spatial light modulators, tunable filters, phase compensators, polarization compensation, and deformable mirrors are becoming increasingly useful for other imaging applications included guidance navigation and control (GNC), coronagraphs, foveated imaging, situational awareness, autonomous rendezvous and docking, non-mechanical zoom, phase diversity, and enhanced multi-spectral imaging. Active components presented allow flexibility in the optical design, increasing performance. In addition, the intelligent optical systems presented offer advantages in size and weight and radiation tolerance. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Clark, N (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-0356 BN 978-3-908158-68-4 J9 ADV SCI TECH PY 2013 VL 82 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.82.64 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BEO33 UT WOS:000317550500010 ER PT J AU Randles, CA Kinne, S Myhre, G Schulz, M Stier, P Fischer, J Doppler, L Highwood, E Ryder, C Harris, B Huttunen, J Ma, Y Pinker, RT Mayer, B Neubauer, D Hitzenberger, R Oreopoulos, L Lee, D Pitari, G Di Genova, G Quaas, J Rose, FG Kato, S Rumbold, ST Vardavas, I Hatzianastassiou, N Matsoukas, C Yu, H Zhang, F Zhang, H Lu, P AF Randles, C. A. Kinne, S. Myhre, G. Schulz, M. Stier, P. Fischer, J. Doppler, L. Highwood, E. Ryder, C. Harris, B. Huttunen, J. Ma, Y. Pinker, R. T. Mayer, B. Neubauer, D. Hitzenberger, R. Oreopoulos, L. Lee, D. Pitari, G. Di Genova, G. Quaas, J. Rose, F. G. Kato, S. Rumbold, S. T. Vardavas, I. Hatzianastassiou, N. Matsoukas, C. Yu, H. Zhang, F. Zhang, H. Lu, P. TI Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; CORRELATED-K-DISTRIBUTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEM; SOLAR-RADIATION; WATER-VAPOR; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GASEOUS ABSORPTION; SULFATE AEROSOLS AB In this study we examine the performance of 31 global model radiative transfer schemes in cloud-free conditions with prescribed gaseous absorbers and no aerosols (Rayleigh atmosphere), with prescribed scattering-only aerosols, and with more absorbing aerosols. Results are compared to benchmark results from high-resolution, multiangular line-by-line radiation models. For purely scattering aerosols, model bias relative to the line-by-line models in the top-of-the atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing ranges from roughly -10 to 20 %, with over-and underestimates of radiative cooling at lower and higher solar zenith angle, respectively. Inter-model diversity (relative standard deviation) increases from similar to 10 to 15% as solar zenith angle decreases. Inter-model diversity in atmospheric and surface forcing decreases with increased aerosol absorption, indicating that the treatment of multiple-scattering is more variable than aerosol absorption in the models considered. Aerosol radiative forcing results from multi-stream models are generally in better agreement with the line-by-line results than the simpler two-stream schemes. Considering radiative fluxes, model performance is generally the same or slightly better than results from previous radiation scheme intercomparisons. However, the inter-model diversity in aerosol radiative forcing remains large, primarily as a result of the treatment of multiple-scattering. Results indicate that global models that estimate aerosol radiative forcing with two-stream radiation schemes may be subject to persistent biases introduced by these schemes, particularly for regional aerosol forcing. C1 [Randles, C. A.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Randles, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Schulz, M.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Fischer, J.; Doppler, L.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Weltraumwissensch, Berlin, Germany. [Doppler, L.] LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Highwood, E.; Ryder, C.; Harris, B.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Huttunen, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland. [Ma, Y.; Pinker, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mayer, B.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Neubauer, D.; Hitzenberger, R.] Univ Vienna, Res Platform ExoLife, Vienna, Austria. [Neubauer, D.; Hitzenberger, R.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Oreopoulos, L.; Lee, D.; Yu, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, D.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Pitari, G.; Di Genova, G.] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Di Genova, G.] Space Acad Fdn, Fucino Space Ctr, Ortucchio, Italy. [Quaas, J.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany. [Rose, F. G.] SSAI, Hampton, VA USA. [Rose, F. G.; Kato, S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Rumbold, S. T.] UK Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Vardavas, I.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Greece. [Hatzianastassiou, N.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Lab Meteorol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Matsoukas, C.] Univ Aegean, Dept Environm, Aegean, Greece. [Yu, H.; Zhang, F.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, H.; Lu, P.] Natl Climate Ctr, CMA, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Randles, CA (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM cynthia.a.randles@nasa.gov RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Vardavas, Ilias/G-7310-2011; Mayer, Bernhard/B-3397-2011; Ryder, Claire/K-5969-2014; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Mayer, Bernhard/0000-0002-3358-0190; Ryder, Claire/0000-0002-9892-6113; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Rose, Fred G/0000-0003-0769-0772; Hitzenberger, Regina/0000-0003-4817-0722 FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis (ACMAP) Program [NNX11AK20G]; projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim; Norwegian Research Council; EU ECLIPSE project [282688]; Graduate school in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change: From Molecular Processes to Global Observations and Models; University of Vienna [FPF 234, F-369]; NASA's Modeling Analysis and Prediction program; NASA Science of Terra and Aqua Program [NNX11AF54G]; NASA Science Mission Directorate-Division of Earth Science [NNX08AN40A]; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; NASA ACMAP; US DOE office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) [DE-SC0001683]; Strategic Priority Research Program -Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues [XDA05040200]; National High-tech Research and Development (863) Project [2011AA12A104]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403405] FX C. Randles was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis (ACMAP) Program Grant NNX11AK20G under R. Eckman. G. Myhre was supported by the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. M. Schulz acknowledges support under the EU ECLIPSE project, contract No. 282688. J. Huttunen was supported by Graduate school in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change: From Molecular Processes to Global Observations and Models. D. Neubauer and R. Hitzenberger acknowledge financial funding from the University of Vienna, FPF 234 and thank Warren Wiscombe (Goddard Space Flight Center) for the ESFT program. D. Neubauer gratefully acknowledges the support by research fellowship F-369, University of Vienna. L. Oreopoulos and D. Lee acknowledge support from NASA's Modeling Analysis and Prediction program managed by D. Considine. The work of R. T. Pinker and Y. Ma was supported under grant NNX11AF54G through the NASA Science of Terra and Aqua Program and grant NNX08AN40A from the NASA Science Mission Directorate-Division of Earth Science. S. T. Rumbold was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). H. Yu was supported by NASA ACMAP, managed by R. Eckman. F. Zhang was supported by US DOE office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) DE-SC0001683. H. Zhang was funded and supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program -Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues" (XDA05040200) and "National High-tech Research and Development (863) Project (2011AA12A104)". P. Lu was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403405). The authors thank Q. Fu, Jun Wang, and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 105 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2347 EP 2379 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2347-2013 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500004 ER PT J AU Samset, BH Myhre, G Schulz, M Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, TK Bian, H Bellouin, N Diehl, T Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Iversen, T Kinne, S Kirkevag, A Lamarque, JF Lin, G Liu, X Penner, JE Seland, O Skeie, RB Stier, P Takemura, T Tsigaridis, K Zhang, K AF Samset, B. H. Myhre, G. Schulz, M. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. K. Bian, H. Bellouin, N. Diehl, T. Easter, R. C. Ghan, S. J. Iversen, T. Kinne, S. Kirkevag, A. Lamarque, J. -F. Lin, G. Liu, X. Penner, J. E. Seland, O. Skeie, R. B. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Tsigaridis, K. Zhang, K. TI Black carbon vertical profiles strongly affect its radiative forcing uncertainty SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODELS; AEROSOL DIRECT; AEROCOM; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION AB The impact of black carbon (BC) aerosols on the global radiation balance is not well constrained. Here twelve global aerosol models are used to show that at least 20% of the present uncertainty in modeled BC direct radiative forcing (RF) is due to diversity in the simulated vertical profile of BC mass. Results are from phases 1 and 2 of the global aerosol model intercomparison project (AeroCom). Additionally, a significant fraction of the variability is shown to come from high altitudes, as, globally, more than 40% of the total BC RF is exerted above 5 km. BC emission regions and areas with transported BC are found to have differing characteristics. These insights into the importance of the vertical profile of BC lead us to suggest that observational studies are needed to better characterize the global distribution of BC, including in the upper troposphere. C1 [Samset, B. H.; Myhre, G.; Berntsen, T. K.; Skeie, R. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Schulz, M.; Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Balkanski, Y.] UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bauer, S.; Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bauer, S.; Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bian, H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Bellouin, N.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Easter, R. C.; Ghan, S. J.; Liu, X.; Zhang, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kinne, S.; Zhang, K.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Iversen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, MN USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lin, G.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Iversen, T.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Samset, BH (reprint author), CICERO, Oslo, Norway. EM b.h.samset@cicero.uio.no RI Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010 OI Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Bellouin, Nicolas/0000-0003-2109-9559; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program; Office of Science Earth System Modeling Program; National Science Foundation; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; FP6 project EUCAARI [34684]; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Norwegian Space Centre through PM-VRAE; EU; Research Council of Norway; NASA-MAP (NASA award) [NNX09AK32G]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX S. Ghan, X. Liu and R. Easter were funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program and by the Office of Science Earth System Modeling Program. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Simulations of the ECHAM5-HAM, INCA, CAM4-Oslo and HadGEM2 models have been supported with funds from the FP6 project EUCAARI (Contract 34684). A. Kirkevag, T. Iversen and O. Seland (CAM4-Oslo) were supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, by the Norwegian Space Centre through PM-VRAE, and through the EU projects PEGASOS and ACCESS. G. Myhre and B. Samset were funded by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim and SLAC projects. K. Tsigaridis and S. Bauer were supported by NASA-MAP (NASA award NNX09AK32G). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. N. Bellouin was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their efforts. NR 37 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2423 EP 2434 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2423-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500008 ER PT J AU Collins, WJ Fry, MM Yu, H Fuglestvedt, JS Shindell, DT West, JJ AF Collins, W. J. Fry, M. M. Yu, H. Fuglestvedt, J. S. Shindell, D. T. West, J. J. TI Global and regional temperature-change potentials for near-term climate forcers SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; GREENHOUSE GASES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; EMISSIONS; IMPACTS; MODEL; AEROSOLS; METHANE; MATTER AB We examine the climate effects of the emissions of near-term climate forcers (NTCFs) from 4 continental regions (East Asia, Europe, North America and South Asia) using results from the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Source-Receptor global chemical transport model simulations. We address 3 aerosol species (sulphate, particulate organic matter and black carbon) and 4 ozone precursors (methane, reactive nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide). We calculate the global climate metrics: global warming potentials (GWPs) and global temperature change potentials (GTPs). For the aerosols these metrics are simply time-dependent scalings of the equilibrium radiative forcings. The GTPs decrease more rapidly with time than the GWPs. The aerosol forcings and hence climate metrics have only a modest dependence on emission region. The metrics for ozone precursors include the effects on the methane lifetime. The impacts via methane are particularly important for the 20 yr GTPs. Emissions of NOx and VOCs from South Asia have GWPs and GTPs of higher magnitude than from the other Northern Hemisphere regions. The analysis is further extended by examining the temperature-change impacts in 4 latitude bands, and calculating absolute regional temperature-change potentials (ARTPs). The latitudinal pattern of the temperature response does not directly follow the pattern of the diagnosed radiative forcing. We find that temperatures in the Arctic latitudes appear to be particularly sensitive to BC emissions from South Asia. The northern mid-latitude temperature response to northern mid-latitude emissions is approximately twice as large as the global average response for aerosol emission, and about 20-30% larger than the global average for methane, VOC and CO emissions. C1 [Collins, W. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Yu, H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yu, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fuglestvedt, J. S.] CICERO, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Collins, WJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM w.collins@reading.ac.uk RI Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 FU EU FP7 project ECLIPSE; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Defra [AQ0902]; NASA [NNX11AH66G]; Norwegian Research Council within the project "Climate and health impacts of Short-Lived Atmospheric Components (SLAC)"; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program; NASA MAP; ACMAP FX This work was funded under the EU FP7 project ECLIPSE. W. Collins was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and the Defra contract AQ0902. H. Yu was supported by NASA grant NNX11AH66G, managed by R. Eckman. J. S. Fuglestvedt's contribution was partially funded by the Norwegian Research Council within the project "Climate and health impacts of Short-Lived Atmospheric Components (SLAC)". M. Fry was supported by the US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. D. Shindell acknowledges support from NASA MAP and ACMAP. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2471 EP 2485 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2471-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500012 ER PT J AU Voulgarakis, A Naik, V Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Young, PJ Prather, MJ Wild, O Field, RD Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Cionni, I Collins, WJ Dalsoren, SB Doherty, RM Eyring, V Faluvegi, G Folberth, GA Horowitz, LW Josse, B MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T Plummer, DA Righi, M Rumbold, ST Stevenson, DS Strode, SA Sudo, K Szopa, S Zeng, G AF Voulgarakis, A. Naik, V. Lamarque, J. -F. Shindell, D. T. Young, P. J. Prather, M. J. Wild, O. Field, R. D. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Cionni, I. Collins, W. J. Dalsoren, S. B. Doherty, R. M. Eyring, V. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. A. Horowitz, L. W. Josse, B. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. Plummer, D. A. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Stevenson, D. S. Strode, S. A. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Zeng, G. TI Analysis of present day and future OH and methane lifetime in the ACCMIP simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES AB Results from simulations performed for the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Modeling Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) are analysed to examine how OH and methane lifetime may change from present day to the future, under different climate and emissions scenarios. Present day (2000) mean tropospheric chemical lifetime derived from the ACCMIP multi-model mean is 9.8 +/- 1.6 yr (9.3 +/- 0.9 yr when only including selected models), lower than a recent observationally-based estimate, but with a similar range to previous multi-model estimates. Future model projections are based on the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), and the results also exhibit a large range. Decreases in global methane lifetime of 4.5 +/- 9.1% are simulated for the scenario with lowest radiative forcing by 2100 (RCP 2.6), while increases of 8.5 +/- 10.4% are simulated for the scenario with highest radiative forcing (RCP 8.5). In this scenario, the key driver of the evolution of OH and methane lifetime is methane itself, since its concentration more than doubles by 2100 and it consumes much of the OH that exists in the troposphere. Stratospheric ozone recovery, which drives tropospheric OH decreases through photolysis modifications, also plays a partial role. In the other scenarios, where methane changes are less drastic, the interplay between various competing drivers leads to smaller and more diverse OH and methane lifetime responses, which are difficult to attribute. For all scenarios, regional OH changes are even more variable, with the most robust feature being the large decreases over the remote oceans in RCP8.5. Through a regression analysis, we suggest that differences in emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds and in the simulation of photolysis rates may be the main factors causing the differences in simulated present day OH and methane lifetime. Diversity in predicted changes between present day and future OH was found to be associated more strongly with differences in modelled temperature and stratospheric ozone changes. Finally, through perturbation experiments we calculated an OH feedback factor (F) of 1.24 from present day conditions (1.50 from 2100 RCP8.5 conditions) and a climate feedback on methane lifetime of 0.33 +/- 0.13 yr K-1, on average. Models that did not include interactive stratospheric ozone effects on photolysis showed a stronger sensitivity to climate, as they did not account for negative effects of climate-driven stratospheric ozone recovery on tropospheric OH, which would have partly offset the overall OH/methane lifetime response to climate change. C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Shindell, D. T.; Field, R. D.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Voulgarakis, A.; Shindell, D. T.; Field, R. D.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Voulgarakis, A.; Eyring, V.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, P. J.; Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Prather, M. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Field, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol, Energia & Sviluppo Econ Sostenibile ENEA, Bologna, Italy. [Collins, W. J.; Folberth, G. A.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Collins, W. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Josse, B.] CNRS, Meteo France, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.; Sudo, K.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Szopa, S.] IPSL, UVSQ, CNRS, CEA,LSCE, Paris, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM a.voulgarakis@imperial.ac.uk RI Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); U.S. Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA2734]; NERSC [DE11AC02-05CH11231]; Norwegian Research Council; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project; ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; NASA; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Meteo-France; CNRS; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; National Science Foundation; Office of 1 Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; UK research council [NE/I008063/1]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation FX ACCMIP is organised under the auspices of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. For CESM-CAM-superfast, DB and PC were funded by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE11AC02-05CH11231. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. DP would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. For EMAC, the work of VE and MR was funded by the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), and the work of IC was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. For the GISS models, support is acknowledged from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. For HadGEM2, WJC, GAF, and STR were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS. Supercomputing time was provided by Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing centre. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of 1 Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). For UM-CAM, GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. AV thanks Chris Holmes for clarifications on the observational methane lifetime estimate. NR 97 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2563 EP 2587 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2563-2013 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500017 ER PT J AU Lee, YH Lamarque, JF Flanner, MG Jiao, C Shindell, DT Berntsen, T Bisiaux, MM Cao, J Collins, WJ Curran, M Edwards, R Faluvegi, G Ghan, S Horowitz, LW McConnell, JR Ming, J Myhre, G Nagashima, T Naik, V Rumbold, ST Skeie, RB Sudo, K Takemura, T Thevenon, F Xu, B Yoon, JH AF Lee, Y. H. Lamarque, J. -F. Flanner, M. G. Jiao, C. Shindell, D. T. Berntsen, T. Bisiaux, M. M. Cao, J. Collins, W. J. Curran, M. Edwards, R. Faluvegi, G. Ghan, S. Horowitz, L. W. McConnell, J. R. Ming, J. Myhre, G. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. B. Sudo, K. Takemura, T. Thevenon, F. Xu, B. Yoon, J. -H. TI Evaluation of preindustrial to present-day black carbon and its albedo forcing from Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; LONG-TERM TRENDS; ICE CORE; ARCTIC SNOW; SOOT; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; PARTICLES AB As part of the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), we evaluate the historical black carbon (BC) aerosols simulated by 8 ACCMIP models against observations including 12 ice core records, long-term surface mass concentrations, and recent Arctic BC snowpack measurements. We also estimate BC albedo forcing by performing additional simulations using offline models with prescribed meteorology from 1996-2000. We evaluate the vertical profile of BC snow concentrations from these offline simulations using the recent BC snowpack measurements. Despite using the same BC emissions, the global BC burden differs by approximately a factor of 3 among models due to differences in aerosol removal parameterizations and simulated meteorology: 34 Gg to 103 Gg in 1850 and 82 Gg to 315 Gg in 2000. However, the global BC burden from preindustrial to present-day increases by 2.5-3 times with little variation among models, roughly matching the 2.5-fold increase in total BC emissions during the same period. We find a large divergence among models at both Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) high latitude regions for BC burden and at SH high latitude regions for deposition fluxes. The ACCMIP simulations match the observed BC surface mass concentrations well in Europe and North America except at Ispra. However, the models fail to predict the Arctic BC seasonality due to severe under-estimations during winter and spring. The simulated vertically resolved BC snow concentrations are, on average, within a factor of 2-3 of the BC snowpack measurements except for Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. For the ice core evaluation, models tend to adequately capture both the observed temporal trends and the magnitudes at Greenland sites. However, models fail to predict the decreasing trend of BC depositions/ice core concentrations from the 1950s to the 1970s in most Tibetan Plateau ice cores. The distinct temporal trend at the Tibetan Plateau ice cores indicates a strong influence from Western Europe, but the modeled BC increases in that period are consistent with the emission changes in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, South and East Asia. At the Alps site, the simulated BC suggests a strong influence from Europe, which agrees with the Alps ice core observations. At Zuoqiupu on the Tibetan Plateau, models successfully simulate the higher BC concentrations observed during the non-monsoon season compared to the monsoon season but overpredict BC in both seasons. Despite a large divergence in BC deposition at two Antarctic ice core sites, some models with a BC lifetime of less than 7 days are able to capture the observed concentrations. In 2000 relative to 1850, globally and annually averaged BC surface albedo forcing from the offline simulations ranges from 0.014 to 0.019 W m(-2) among the ACCMIP models. Comparing offline and online BC albedo forcings computed by some of the same models, we find that the global annual mean can vary by up to a factor of two because of different aerosol models or different BC-snow parameterizations and snow cover. The spatial distributions of the offline BC albedo forcing in 2000 show especially high BC forcing (i.e., over 0.1 W m(-2)) over Manchuria, Karakoram, and most of the Former USSR. Models predict the highest global annual mean BC forcing in 1980 rather than 2000, mostly driven by the high fossil fuel and biofuel emissions in the Former USSR in 1980. C1 [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Flanner, M. G.; Jiao, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Berntsen, T.; Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Bisiaux, M. M.; McConnell, J. R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Cao, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian, Peoples R China. [Collins, W. J.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Edwards, R.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Ghan, S.; Yoon, J. -H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ming, J.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Nagashima, T.; Skeie, R. B.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Thevenon, F.] Univ Geneva, FA Forel Inst, Versoix, Switzerland. [Xu, B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Lee, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM yunha.lee@nasa.gov RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Edwards, Ross/B-1433-2013; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Cao, Junji/D-3259-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Jiao, Chaoyi/F-9065-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Thevenon, Florian/E-3496-2010; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Edwards, Ross/0000-0002-9233-8775; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241; Ming, Jing/0000-0001-5527-3768; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC& C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC); NASA; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program; Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Norwegian Research Council; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S7]; NILU; Norsk Polar Institute FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC& C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) andWorld Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are thankful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. Y. H. Lee, D. T. Shindell, and G. Faluvegi acknowledge the support of the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. Resources supporting the two GISS models simulations were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. V. Naik and L. W. Horowitz acknowledge the efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and the efforts of the Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. S. Ghan and J.-H. Yoon were supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. W. J. Collins and S. T. Rumbold were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R) and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Development of historical records of BC in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores was funded by the National Science Foundation.; The authors would like to thank NOAA-ESRL-GMD aerosol group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility operated for DOE, Sangeeta Sharma (Environment Canada), Heikki Lihavainen (Finnish Meteorological Institute), Sandy Starkweather (NOAA), Ernest Weingartner (Paul Scherrer Institute), and Martine Collaud Coen (MeteoSwiss) for providing BC surface mass concentration data. Special thanks to Betsy Andrews at NOAA and Ann Mari Fj raa at NILU for helping us to obtain several BC surface mass concentrations datasets. We thank the EUSAAR-ACTRIS network for sampling BC at several EMEP stations. S. G. Jennings and Colin O'Dowd, Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway are acknowledged for the use of surface black carbon data taken at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the west coast of Ireland. We also acknowledge the contribution of aethalometer BC data from Zeppelin, Ny-A lesund by K. Eleftheriadis, NCSR Demokritos and the support of NILU and Norsk Polar Institute. Finally, special thanks to Stephen Warren (Dept. of Atmospheric Science, Univ. ofWashington, Seattle, WA, USA) and Sarah Doherty (JISAO, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA) for making available measurements of snow BC concentrations from the Arctic. NR 102 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 72 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2607 EP 2634 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2607-2013 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500019 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Pechony, O Voulgarakis, A Faluvegi, G Nazarenko, L Lamarque, JF Bowman, K Milly, G Kovari, B Ruedy, R Schmidt, GA AF Shindell, D. T. Pechony, O. Voulgarakis, A. Faluvegi, G. Nazarenko, L. Lamarque, J. -F. Bowman, K. Milly, G. Kovari, B. Ruedy, R. Schmidt, G. A. TI Interactive ozone and methane chemistry in GISS-E2 historical and future climate simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GREENHOUSE-GAS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; IN-SITU; MODEL; AEROSOLS; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIONS AB The new generation GISS climate model includes fully interactive chemistry related to ozone in historical and future simulations, and interactive methane in future simulations. Evaluation of ozone, its tropospheric precursors, and methane shows that the model captures much of the large-scale spatial structure seen in recent observations. While the model is much improved compared with the previous chemistry-climate model, especially for ozone seasonality in the stratosphere, there is still slightly too rapid stratospheric circulation, too little stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone flux in the Southern Hemisphere and an Antarctic ozone hole that is too large and persists too long. Quantitative metrics of spatial and temporal correlations with satellite datasets as well as spatial autocorrelation to examine transport and mixing are presented to document improvements in model skill and provide a benchmark for future evaluations. The difference in radiative forcing (RF) calculated using modeled tropospheric ozone versus tropospheric ozone observed by TES is only 0.016 W m(-2). Historical 20th Century simulations show a steady increase in whole atmosphere ozone RF through 1970 after which there is a decrease through 2000 due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Ozone forcing increases throughout the 21st century under RCP8.5 owing to a projected recovery of stratospheric ozone depletion and increases in methane, but decreases under RCP4.5 and 2.6 due to reductions in emissions of other ozone precursors. RF from methane is 0.05 to 0.18 W m(-2) higher in our model calculations than in the RCP RF estimates. The surface temperature response to ozone through 1970 follows the increase in forcing due to tropospheric ozone. After that time, surface temperatures decrease as ozone RF declines due to stratospheric depletion. The stratospheric ozone depletion also induces substantial changes in surface winds and the Southern Ocean circulation, which may play a role in a slightly stronger response per unit forcing during later decades. Tropical precipitation shifts south during boreal summer from 1850 to 1970, but then shifts northward from 1970 to 2000, following upper tropospheric temperature gradients more strongly than those at the surface. C1 [Shindell, D. T.; Pechony, O.; Voulgarakis, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Nazarenko, L.; Milly, G.; Kovari, B.; Ruedy, R.; Schmidt, G. A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Pechony, O.; Voulgarakis, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Nazarenko, L.; Milly, G.; Kovari, B.; Ruedy, R.; Schmidt, G. A.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bowman, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU NASA ACMAP; MAP; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; National Science Foundation FX We thank Susan Strahan for providing the N2O and Age-of-air data, and NASA ACMAP and MAP for funding. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. The SCIAMACHY methane retrievals (WFMDv2.0.2) were obtained from the Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Germany and we thank Oliver Schneising and Michael Buchwitz for their assistance. Model output is available via the WGCM PCDMI ESG gateway. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 84 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2653 EP 2689 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2653-2013 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500021 ER PT J AU Lathem, TL Beyersdorf, AJ Thornhill, KL Winstead, EL Cubison, MJ Hecobian, A Jimenez, JL Weber, RJ Anderson, BE Nenes, A AF Lathem, T. L. Beyersdorf, A. J. Thornhill, K. L. Winstead, E. L. Cubison, M. J. Hecobian, A. Jimenez, J. L. Weber, R. J. Anderson, B. E. Nenes, A. TI Analysis of CCN activity of Arctic aerosol and Canadian biomass burning during summer 2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DROPLET ACTIVATION KINETICS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HYGROSCOPICITY PARAMETER; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; GROWTH-KINETICS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FIELD CAMPAIGN AB The NASA DC-8 aircraft characterized the aerosol properties, chemical composition, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations of the summertime Arctic during the 2008 NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARC-TAS) campaign. Air masses characteristic of fresh and aged biomass burning, boreal forest, Arctic background, and anthropogenic industrial pollution were sampled. Observations were spatially extensive (50-85 degrees N and 40-130 degrees W) and exhibit significant variability in aerosol and CCN concentrations. The chemical composition was dominated by highly oxidized organics (66-94% by volume), with a water-soluble mass fraction of more than 50 %. The aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, kappa, ranged between kappa = 0.08-0.32 for all air mass types. Industrial pollution had the lowest kappa of 0.08 +/- 0.01, while the Arctic background had the highest and most variable kappa of 0.32 +/- 0.21, resulting from a lower and more variable organic fraction. Both fresh and aged (long-range transported) biomass burning air masses exhibited remarkably similar kappa (0.18 +/- 0.13), consistent with observed rapid chemical and physical aging of smoke emissions in the atmosphere, even in the vicinity of fresh fires. The organic hygroscopicity (kappa(org)) was parameterized by the volume fraction of water-soluble organic matter (epsilon(WSOM)), with a kappa = 0.12, such that kappa(org) = 0.12 " WSOM. Assuming bulk (size-independent) composition and including the kappa(org) parameterization enabled CCN predictions to within 30% accuracy for nearly all environments sampled. The only exception was for industrial pollution from Canadian oil sands exploration, where an external mixture and size-dependent composition was required. Aerosol mixing state assumptions (internal vs. external) in all other environments did not significantly affect CCN predictions; however, the external mixing assumption provided the best results, even though the available observations could not determine the true degree of external mixing and therefore may not always be representative of the environments sampled. No correlation was observed between kappa(org) and O: C. A novel correction of the CCN instrument supersaturation for water vapor depletion, resulting from high concentrations of CCN, was also employed. This correction was especially important for fresh biomass burning plumes where concentrations exceeded 1.5x10(4) cm(-3) and introduced supersaturation depletions of >= 25 %. Not accounting for supersaturation depletion in these high concentration environments would therefore bias CCN closure up to 25% and inferred kappa by up to 50 %. C1 [Lathem, T. L.; Hecobian, A.; Weber, R. J.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Beyersdorf, A. J.; Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU NASA [NNX08AQ99G, NNX08AH80G, NNX08AD39G, NNX12AC03G]; NSF; NASA; Georgia Tech Institutional Fellowship; DOE [DE-FG02-11ER65293] FX AN and TLL acknowledge support from NASA NNX08AQ99G and an NSF CAREER award. TLL acknowledges support from a NASA GSRP Fellowship, NSF Fellowship, and Georgia Tech Institutional Fellowship. RJW and AH acknowledge support from NASA NNX08AH80G. MJC and JLJ acknowledge support from NASA NNX08AD39G and NNX12AC03G and DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-FG02-11ER65293. NR 122 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2735 EP 2756 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2735-2013 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500026 ER PT J AU Cummings, KA Huntemann, TL Pickering, KE Barth, MC Skamarock, WC Holler, H Betz, HD Volz-Thomas, A Schlager, H AF Cummings, K. A. Huntemann, T. L. Pickering, K. E. Barth, M. C. Skamarock, W. C. Hoeller, H. Betz, H. -D. Volz-Thomas, A. Schlager, H. TI Cloud-resolving chemistry simulation of a Hector thunderstorm SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHTNING-PRODUCED NOX; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE PRODUCTION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; TROPICAL ISLAND CONVECTION; DEEP CONVECTION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; GENERATED NOX; WATER-CONTENT; SCALE MODEL AB Cloud chemistry simulations were performed for a Hector thunderstorm observed on 16 November 2005 during the SCOUT-O3/ACTIVE campaigns based in Darwin, Australia, with the primary objective of estimating the average NO production per lightning flash in this unique storm type which occurred in a tropical island environment. The 3-D WRF-Aqueous Chemistry (WRF-AqChem) model is used for these calculations and contains the WRF nonhydrostatic cloud-resolving model with online gas- and aqueous-phase chemistry and a lightning-NOx (LNOx) production algorithm. The model was initialized by inducing convection with an idealized morning sounding and sensible heat source, and initial condition chemical profiles from merged aircraft observations in undisturbed air. Many features of the idealized model storm, such as storm size and peak radar reflectivity, were similar to the observed storm. Tracer species, such as CO, used to evaluate convective transport in the simulated storm found vertical motion from the boundary layer to the anvil region was well represented in the model, with a small overestimate of enhanced CO at anvil altitudes. The lightning detection network (LINET) provided lightning flash data for the model and a lightning placement scheme injected the resulting NO into the simulated cloud. A lightning NO production scenario of 500 moles flash(-1) for both CG and IC flashes yielded anvil NOx mixing ratios that compared well with aircraft observations and were also similar to those deduced for several convective modeling analyses in the midlatitudes and subtropics. However, these NO production values were larger than most estimates for tropical thunderstorms and given several uncertainties, LNOx production may have been as large as 600 moles flash(-1). Approximately 85% of the simulated LNOx mass was located above 7 km in the later stages of the storm, which was greater than amounts found for subtropical and midlatitude convection. Modeled upper tropospheric NO2 partial columns were also considerably greater than most satellite observations of tropical marine convective events, as tropical island convection, such as Hector, is more vigorous and more productive of LNOx. Additional research is needed to investigate whether LNOx production per flash increases in storms with greater wind shear, such as this Hector storm, which showed significant variation in wind direction with altitude. C1 [Cummings, K. A.; Huntemann, T. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, K. E.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Barth, M. C.; Skamarock, W. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hoeller, H.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Betz, H. -D.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Munich, Germany. [Volz-Thomas, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Klimaforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Cummings, KA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kristin@atmos.umd.edu RI Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012 OI Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667 FU NASA; National Science Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/C512688/1] FX This research was supported under NASA Aura Validation Program funding provided to Kenneth Pickering. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. The ACTIVE project was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council, grant NE/C512688/1 and directed by Geraint Vaughan of the University of Manchester. The authors would like to thank Heidi Huntrieser from Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2757 EP 2777 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2757-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500027 ER PT J AU Pinardi, G Van Roozendael, M Abuhassan, N Adams, C Cede, A Clemer, K Fayt, C Friess, U Gil, M Herman, J Hermans, C Hendrick, F Irie, H Merlaud, A Comas, MN Peters, E Piters, AJM Puentedura, O Richter, A Schonhardt, A Shaiganfar, R Spinei, E Strong, K Takashima, H Vrekoussis, M Wagner, T Wittrock, F Yilmaz, S AF Pinardi, G. Van Roozendael, M. Abuhassan, N. Adams, C. Cede, A. Clemer, K. Fayt, C. Friess, U. Gil, M. Herman, J. Hermans, C. Hendrick, F. Irie, H. Merlaud, A. Navarro Comas, M. Peters, E. Piters, A. J. M. Puentedura, O. Richter, A. Schoenhardt, A. Shaiganfar, R. Spinei, E. Strong, K. Takashima, H. Vrekoussis, M. Wagner, T. Wittrock, F. Yilmaz, S. TI MAX-DOAS formaldehyde slant column measurements during CINDI: intercomparison and analysis improvement (vol 6, pg 167, 2013) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction C1 [Pinardi, G.; Van Roozendael, M.; Clemer, K.; Fayt, C.; Hermans, C.; Hendrick, F.; Merlaud, A.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, BIRA, IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Adams, C.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Shaiganfar, R.; Wagner, T.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Abuhassan, N.; Cede, A.; Herman, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Friess, U.; Yilmaz, S.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Gil, M.; Navarro Comas, M.; Puentedura, O.] INTA, Natl Inst Aerosp Technol, Madrid, Spain. [Irie, H.; Takashima, H.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Peters, E.; Richter, A.; Schoenhardt, A.; Vrekoussis, M.; Wittrock, F.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Piters, A. J. M.] KNMI, Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Spinei, E.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Vrekoussis, M.] Cyprus Inst, Energy Environm & Water Res Ctr, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Pinardi, G (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, BIRA, IASB, Brussels, Belgium. EM gaia.pinardi@aeronomie.be RI Wittrock, Folkard/B-6959-2008; Navarro-Comas, Monica/J-6297-2014; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/G-9424-2012 OI Wittrock, Folkard/0000-0002-3024-0211; Navarro-Comas, Monica/0000-0002-6347-8955; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/0000-0001-8292-8352 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 219 EP 219 DI 10.5194/amt-6-219-2013 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118FY UT WOS:000317011000004 ER PT J AU Frankenberg, C Wunch, D Toon, G Risi, C Scheepmaker, R Lee, JE Wennberg, P Worden, J AF Frankenberg, C. Wunch, D. Toon, G. Risi, C. Scheepmaker, R. Lee, J. -E. Wennberg, P. Worden, J. TI Water vapor isotopologue retrievals from high-resolution GOSAT shortwave infrared spectra SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC DEUTERATED WATER; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; CO2 RETRIEVAL; HDO/H2O RATIOS; AMAZON BASIN; DELTA-D; VALIDATION; SPACE; H2O AB Remote sensing of the isotopic composition of water vapor can provide valuable information on the hydrological cycle. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of retrievals of the relative abundance of HDO (the HDO/H2O ratio) from the Japanese GOSAT satellite. For this purpose, we use high spectral resolution nadir radiances around 6400 cm(-1) (1.56 mu m) to retrieve vertical column amounts of H2O and HDO. Retrievals of H2O correlate well with ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) integrated profiles (r(2) = 0.96). Typical precision errors in the retrieved column-averaged deuterium depletion (delta D) are 20-40%. We compare delta D against a TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) ground-based station in Lamont, Oklahoma. Using retrievals in very dry areas over Antarctica, we detect a small systematic offset in retrieved H2O and HDO column amounts and take this into account for a bias correction of delta D. Monthly averages of delta D in the June 2009 to September 2011 time frame are well correlated with TCCON (r2 = 0.79) and exhibit a slope of 0.98 (1.23 if not bias corrected). We also compare seasonal averages on the global scale with results from the SCIAMACHY instrument in the 2003-2005 time frame. Despite the lack of temporal overlap, seasonal averages in general agree well, with spatial correlations (r2) ranging from 0.62 in September through November to 0.83 in June through August. However, we observe higher variability in GOSAT delta D, indicated by fitted slopes between 1.2 and 1.46. The discrepancies are likely related to differences in vertical sensitivities but warrant further validation of both GOSAT and SCIAMACHY and an extension of the validation dataset. C1 [Frankenberg, C.; Toon, G.; Lee, J. -E.; Worden, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Risi, C.] CNRS, LMD IPSL, Paris, France. [Scheepmaker, R.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM christian.frankenberg@jpl.nasa.gov RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program [NNX08A186G]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program [NAS7-03001]; DOE/ARM Program and the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space Program; Netherlands Space Office as part of the User Support Programme Space Research [GO-AO/16] FX Part of the research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. GOSAT Level 1B products (spectral data) were provided by the GOSAT Project (JAXA, NIES, and Ministry of the Environment Japan). US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program (NNX08A186G), the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program (NAS7-03001), the DOE/ARM Program and the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space Program. R. S. was funded by the Netherlands Space Office as part of the User Support Programme Space Research under project GO-AO/16. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.5194/amt-6-263-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118FY UT WOS:000317011000009 ER PT J AU Lee, YR Yoo, JM Jeong, MJ Won, YI Hearty, T Shin, DB AF Lee, Y. -R. Yoo, J. -M. Jeong, M. -J. Won, Y. -I. Hearty, T. Shin, D. -B. TI Comparison between MODIS and AIRS/AMSU satellite-derived surface skin temperatures SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; SEA-ICE; CLEAR-SKY; MICROWAVE; PARAMETERS; TERRA; AQUA; EMISSIVITY; VALIDATION AB Surface skin temperatures of the Level 3 products of MODIS Collection 5 (C5) and AIRS/AMSU version 5 (V5) have been compared in terms of monthly anomaly trends and climatologies over the globe during the period from September 2002 to August 2011. The MODIS temperatures in the 50 degrees N-50 degrees S region tend to systematically be similar to 1.7K colder over land and similar to 0.5K warmer over ocean than the AIRS/AMSU temperatures. Over high latitude ocean the MODIS sea surface temperature (SST) values are similar to 5.5K warmer than the AIRS/AMSU. The discrepancies between the annual averages of the two sensors are as much as similar to 12K in the sea ice regions. Meanwhile, the MODIS ice surface temperature product (MYD29E1D) over the ocean is in better agreement with AIRS/AMSU temperatures, showing a root mean square error of 3.7-3.9K. The disagreement between the two sensors results mainly from the differences in ice/snow emissivity between MODIS infrared and AMSU microwave, and also in their observational local times. Both MODIS and AIRS/ AMSU show cooling rates from -0.05 +/- 0.06 to -0.14 +/- 0.07K9yr(-1) over the globe, but warming rates (0.02 +/- 0.12-0.15 +/- 0.19K9 yr(-1)) in the high latitude regions. C1 [Lee, Y. -R.; Yoo, J. -M.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Y. -R.; Shin, D. -B.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jeong, M. -J.] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Kangnung, South Korea. [Won, Y. -I.; Hearty, T.] NASA GSFC, Wyle ST&E, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Yoo, JM (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. EM yjm@ewha.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea government (MEST) [20120000858]; GEMS program of the Korean Ministry of Environment and the Eco Innovation Program of KEITI [ARQ201204015] FX This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by Korea government (MEST) (No. 20120000858) and the GEMS program of the Korean Ministry of Environment and the Eco Innovation Program of KEITI (ARQ201204015). We thank Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information and Services Center for AIRS/AMSU data, and NASA Land Process Distributed Active Archive Center for MODIS LST data and the MODIS Snow and Sea Ice Global Mapping Project for MODIS IST data. We also thank Bob Iacovazzi and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.5194/amt-6-445-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118FY UT WOS:000317011000022 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Hoff, RM Kondragunta, S Laszlo, I Lyapustin, A AF Zhang, H. Hoff, R. M. Kondragunta, S. Laszlo, I. Lyapustin, A. TI Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval using simultaneous GOES-East and GOES-West reflected radiances over the western United States SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MODIS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; LAND; NETWORK AB Aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the western United States is observed independently by both the (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites) GOES-East and GOES-West imagers. The GASP (GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product) aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm treats each satellite as a unique sensor and thus obtains two separate aerosol optical depth values at the same time for the same location. The TOA (the top of the atmosphere) radiances and the associated derived optical depths can be quite different due to the different viewing geometries with large difference in solar-scattering angles. In order to fully exploit the simultaneous observations and generate consistent AOD retrievals from the two satellites, the authors develop a new " hybrid" aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm that uses data from both satellites. The algorithm uses both GOESEast and GOES-West visible channel TOA reflectance and daily average AOD from GOES Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (GOES-MAIAC) on low AOD days (AOD less than 0.3), when diurnal variation of AOD is low, to retrieve surface BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function). The known BRDF shape is applied on subsequent days to retrieve BRDF and AOD. The algorithm is validated at three AERONET sites over the western US. The AOD retrieval accuracy from the " hybrid" technique using the two satellites is similar to that from one satellite over UCSB (University of California Santa Barbara) and Railroad Valley, Nevada. Improvement of the accuracy is observed at Boulder, Colorado. The correlation coefficientsbetween the GOES AOD and AERONET AOD are in the range of 0.67 to 0.81. More than 74% of AOD retrievals are within the error of +/- (0.05+ 0.15 tau) compared to AERONET AOD. The hybrid algorithm has more data coverage compared to the single satellite retrievals over surfaces with high surface reflectance. For single observation areas the number of valid AOD data increases from the use of two-single satellite algorithms by 5-80% for the three sites. With the application of the new algorithm, consistent AOD retrievals and better retrieval coverages can be obtained using the data from the two GOES satellite imagers. C1 [Zhang, H.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Zhang, H.] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Kondragunta, S.; Laszlo, I.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Lyapustin, A.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM hai.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Hai/A-3445-2011; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU GOES-R risk reduction program [NA11NES4400005] FX This work is supported by GOES-R risk reduction program project # NA11NES4400005. The authors would like to thank Yujie Wang for discussions and suggestions on the inter-calibration of GOES-West and GOES-East and would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for the comments to improve the paper. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 471 EP 486 DI 10.5194/amt-6-471-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118FY UT WOS:000317011000024 ER PT J AU Kobashi, T Shindell, DT Kodera, K Box, JE Nakaegawa, T Kawamura, K AF Kobashi, T. Shindell, D. T. Kodera, K. Box, J. E. Nakaegawa, T. Kawamura, K. TI On the origin of multidecadal to centennial Greenland temperature anomalies over the past 800 yr SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; PROXY DATA; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; WINTER; RECORDS; MODEL; MILLENNIUM AB The surface temperature of the Greenland ice sheet is among the most important climate variables for assessing how climate change may impact human societies due to its association with sea level rise. However, the causes of multidecadal-to-centennial temperature changes in Greenland temperatures are not well understood, largely owing to short observational records. To examine these, we calculated the Greenland temperature anomalies (GTA([G-NH])) over the past 800 yr by subtracting the standardized northern hemispheric (NH) temperature from the standardized Greenland temperature. This decomposes the Greenland temperature variation into background climate (NH); polar amplification; and regional variability (GTA([G-NH])). The central Greenland polar amplification factor as expressed by the variance ratio Greenland/NH is 2.6 over the past 161 yr, and 3.3-4.2 over the past 800 yr. The GTA([G-NH]) explains 31-35% of the variation of Greenland temperature in the multidecadal-to-centennial time scale over the past 800 yr. We found that the GTA([G-NH]) has been influenced by solar-induced changes in atmospheric circulation patterns such as those produced by the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation (NAO/AO). Climate modeling and proxy temperature records indicate that the anomaly is also likely linked to solar-paced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and associated changes in northward oceanic heat transport. C1 [Kobashi, T.; Kawamura, K.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Kobashi, T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kodera, K.; Nakaegawa, T.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Kodera, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Box, J. E.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Box, J. E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kobashi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Polar Res, 10-3 Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. EM kobashi.takuro@nipr.ac.jp RI Kobashi, Takuro/E-8918-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; OI Kobashi, Takuro/0000-0003-4153-8272; Kawamura, Kenji/0000-0003-1163-700X FU KAKENHI [23710020]; NIPR FX We appreciate the in-depth discussion with M. Yoshimori and A. Abe-Ouchi. We thank B. Vinther and R. Keeling for useful discussion and J. Okuno for help creating the figures in earlier manuscripts. T. K. appreciates the continued support of J. Severinghaus with the temperature reconstruction. D. S. acknowledges NASA MAP and LWS, and computational resources provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center. This project is supported by KAKENHI 23710020. The production of this paper was supported by an NIPR publication subsidy. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 583 EP 596 DI 10.5194/cp-9-583-2013 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118FQ UT WOS:000317009700005 ER PT J AU Fretwell, P Pritchard, HD Vaughan, DG Bamber, JL Barrand, NE Bell, R Bianchi, C Bingham, RG Blankenship, DD Casassa, G Catania, G Callens, D Conway, H Cook, AJ Corr, HFJ Damaske, D Damm, V Ferraccioli, F Forsberg, R Fujita, S Gim, Y Gogineni, P Griggs, JA Hindmarsh, RCA Holmlund, P Holt, JW Jacobel, RW Jenkins, A Jokat, W Jordan, T King, EC Kohler, J Krabill, W Riger-Kusk, M Langley, KA Leitchenkov, G Leuschen, C Luyendyk, BP Matsuoka, K Mouginot, J Nitsche, FO Nogi, Y Nost, OA Popov, SV Rignot, E Rippin, DM Rivera, A Roberts, J Ross, N Siegert, MJ Smith, AM Steinhage, D Studinger, M Sun, B Tinto, BK Welch, BC Wilson, D Young, DA Xiangbin, C Zirizzotti, A AF Fretwell, P. Pritchard, H. D. Vaughan, D. G. Bamber, J. L. Barrand, N. E. Bell, R. Bianchi, C. Bingham, R. G. Blankenship, D. D. Casassa, G. Catania, G. Callens, D. Conway, H. Cook, A. J. Corr, H. F. J. Damaske, D. Damm, V. Ferraccioli, F. Forsberg, R. Fujita, S. Gim, Y. Gogineni, P. Griggs, J. A. Hindmarsh, R. C. A. Holmlund, P. Holt, J. W. Jacobel, R. W. Jenkins, A. Jokat, W. Jordan, T. King, E. C. Kohler, J. Krabill, W. Riger-Kusk, M. Langley, K. A. Leitchenkov, G. Leuschen, C. Luyendyk, B. P. Matsuoka, K. Mouginot, J. Nitsche, F. O. Nogi, Y. Nost, O. A. Popov, S. V. Rignot, E. Rippin, D. M. Rivera, A. Roberts, J. Ross, N. Siegert, M. J. Smith, A. M. Steinhage, D. Studinger, M. Sun, B. Tinto, B. K. Welch, B. C. Wilson, D. Young, D. A. Xiangbin, C. Zirizzotti, A. TI Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; SATELLITE RADAR; EAST ANTARCTICA; WEST ANTARCTICA; SHEET; STREAM; SEA; ALTIMETRY; GRAVITY; BATHYMETRY AB We present Bedmap2, a new suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60 degrees S. We derived these products using data from a variety of sources, including many substantial surveys completed since the original Bedmap compilation (Bedmap1) in 2001. In particular, the Bedmap2 ice thickness grid is made from 25 million measurements, over two orders of magnitude more than were used in Bedmap1. In most parts of Antarctica the subglacial landscape is visible in much greater detail than was previously available and the improved data-coverage has in many areas revealed the full scale of mountain ranges, valleys, basins and troughs, only fragments of which were previously indicated in local surveys. The derived statistics for Bedmap2 show that the volume of ice contained in the Antarctic ice sheet (27 million km(3)) and its potential contribution to sea-level rise (58 m) are similar to those of Bedmap1, but the mean thickness of the ice sheet is 4.6% greater, the mean depth of the bed beneath the grounded ice sheet is 72m lower and the area of ice sheet grounded on bed below sea level is increased by 10 %. The Bedmap2 compilation highlights several areas beneath the ice sheet where the bed elevation is substantially lower than the deepest bed indicated by Bedmap1. These products, along with grids of data coverage and uncertainty, provide new opportunities for detailed modelling of the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets. C1 [Fretwell, P.; Pritchard, H. D.; Vaughan, D. G.; Barrand, N. E.; Corr, H. F. J.; Ferraccioli, F.; Hindmarsh, R. C. A.; Jenkins, A.; Jordan, T.; King, E. C.; Smith, A. M.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Bamber, J. L.; Griggs, J. A.; Siegert, M. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Bell, R.; Nitsche, F. O.; Tinto, B. K.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Bianchi, C.; Zirizzotti, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. [Bingham, R. G.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Blankenship, D. D.; Catania, G.; Holt, J. W.; Young, D. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Casassa, G.; Rivera, A.] Ctr Estudios Cient, Valdivia 9, Chile. [Callens, D.] Univ Libre Brussels, Lab Glaciol, Brussels, Belgium. [Conway, H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cook, A. J.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Damaske, D.; Damm, V.] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Hannover, Germany. [Forsberg, R.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, Lyngby, Denmark. [Fujita, S.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Gim, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gogineni, P.; Leuschen, C.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Holmlund, P.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jacobel, R. W.] St Olaf Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Jokat, W.; Steinhage, D.; Welch, B. C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Kohler, J.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway. [Krabill, W.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Riger-Kusk, M.] Univ Canterbury, Coll Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Langley, K. A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Leitchenkov, G.] Inst Geol & Mineral Resources World Ocean, St Petersburg, Russia. [Luyendyk, B. P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Matsuoka, K.; Nost, O. A.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Tromso, Norway. [Mouginot, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Nogi, Y.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Popov, S. V.] Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedit, St Petersburg, Russia. [Rignot, E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Rippin, D. M.] Univ York, Environm Dept, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Roberts, J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Sustainabil Environm Water Populat & Communi, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Ross, N.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Studinger, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sun, B.; Xiangbin, C.] Polar Res Inst China, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Wilson, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fretwell, P (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM ptf@bas.ac.uk RI Siegert, Martin/A-3826-2008; Hindmarsh, Richard/C-1405-2012; Bamber, Jonathan/C-7608-2011; Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; Young, Duncan/G-6256-2010; Mouginot, Jeremie/G-7045-2015; Fujita, Shuji/A-7884-2016; Matsuoka, Kenichi/B-7298-2017 OI Jordan, Tom/0000-0003-2780-1986; Jokat, Wilfried/0000-0002-7793-5854; Zirizzotti, Achille/0000-0001-7586-9219; Siegert, Martin/0000-0002-0090-4806; Hindmarsh, Richard/0000-0003-1633-2416; Bamber, Jonathan/0000-0002-2280-2819; Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Young, Duncan/0000-0002-6866-8176; Roberts, Jason/0000-0002-3477-4069; Nitsche, Frank Oliver/0000-0002-4137-547X; Fujita, Shuji/0000-0003-0127-0777; NR 64 TC 364 Z9 374 U1 16 U2 158 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 BP 375 EP 393 DI 10.5194/tc-7-375-2013 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 118EH UT WOS:000317005200007 ER PT S AU McDonald, FB Webber, WR Stone, EC Cummings, AC Heikkila, BC Lal, N AF McDonald, Frank B. Webber, W. R. Stone, E. C. Cummings, A. C. Heikkila, B. C. Lal, N. BE Ormes, JF TI Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Distant Heliosphere SO CENTENARY SYMPOSIUM 2012: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Discovery of Cosmic Rays CY JUN 26-28, 2012 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Univ Denver, Off Res and Sponsored Programs, Univ Denver, Div Nat Sci and Math, Univ Denver, Dept Phys and Astronomy, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys and Cosmol (KIPAC) HO Univ Denver DE galactic cosmic rays; anomalous cosmic rays; solar modulation; heliosphere; heliopause; heliosheath ID PIONEER SPACECRAFT MEASUREMENTS; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; SOLAR MODULATION; VOYAGER; INTENSITIES; PARADIGM; SPECTRUM AB The small flotilla of spacecraft: Pioneers 10 and 11 and Voyagers 1 and 2 (V1 and V2) that have traveled from 1 AU to the distant heliosphere continue the quest of Victor Hess to understand the nature of this radiation that comes to us from beyond the confines of our solar system. At this time V1 and V2 are traveling deeper into the heliosheath and approaching its outer boundary - the heliopause. In the heliosheath the intensity of 2.5 - 60 MeV GCR electrons has risen significantly above detector background levels and provides an important new diagnostic tool for exploring cosmic ray transport in this previously unexplored region of space. Over the past seven months the intensity of GCR ions and electrons at V1 have remained constant after a steady, 5.5 year exponential increase whose rate varied with particle species. Is this an indication that V1 is approaching the heliopause? C1 [McDonald, Frank B.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Webber, W. R.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Stone, E. C.; Cummings, A. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. [Heikkila, B. C.; Lal, N.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Heikkila, B. C.; Lal, N.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP McDonald, FB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1137-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1516 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1063/1.4792545 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEH31 UT WOS:000316575600015 ER PT S AU Atwell, W Koontz, S Normand, E AF Atwell, William Koontz, Steve Normand, Eugene BE Ormes, JF TI Practical Applications of Cosmic Ray Science: Spacecraft, Aircraft, Ground Based Computation and Control Systems, and Human Health and Safety SO CENTENARY SYMPOSIUM 2012: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Discovery of Cosmic Rays CY JUN 26-28, 2012 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Univ Denver, Off Res and Sponsored Programs, Univ Denver, Div Nat Sci and Math, Univ Denver, Dept Phys and Astronomy, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys and Cosmol (KIPAC) HO Univ Denver DE cosmic rays; microelectronics; aircraft; spacecraft; human health effects AB In this paper we review cosmic ray effects on the performance and reliability of microelectronic systems and human health as well as the development of the engineering and health science tools used to evaluate and mitigate cosmic ray effects in ground-based, atmospheric flight, and space flight environments. Ground based test methods applied to microelectronic components and systems are used in combination with radiation transport and reaction codes to predict the performance of microelectronic systems in their operating environments. Similar radiation transport codes are an important tool for evaluating possible human health effects of cosmic ray. Finally, the limitations on human space operations beyond low-Earth orbit imposed by long term exposure to galactic cosmic rays are discussed. C1 [Atwell, William] Boeing Res & Technol, Houston, TX USA. [Koontz, Steve] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Normand, Eugene] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Atwell, W (reprint author), Boeing Res & Technol, Houston, TX USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1137-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1516 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1063/1.4792549 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEH31 UT WOS:000316575600019 ER PT S AU Wiedenbeck, ME AF Wiedenbeck, M. E. BE Ormes, JF TI Elemental and Isotopic Composition Measurements of Galactic Cosmic Rays SO CENTENARY SYMPOSIUM 2012: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Discovery of Cosmic Rays CY JUN 26-28, 2012 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Univ Denver, Off Res and Sponsored Programs, Univ Denver, Div Nat Sci and Math, Univ Denver, Dept Phys and Astronomy, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys and Cosmol (KIPAC) HO Univ Denver DE cosmic rays; composition; cosmic-ray isotopes; propagation; acceleration ID HIGH-ENERGY TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; OB ASSOCIATIONS; TIME-DELAY; ORIGIN; ACCELERATION; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETER; GALAXY; BE-10 AB Measurements of the relative abundances of elements and their isotopes in galactic cosmic rays, which include both stable and long lived radioactive species, have led to a variety of insights into the nature of the cosmic ray source, the mechanisms involved in accelerating particles to high energies, and characteristics of their transport in the Galaxy. Some key developments that have contributed to the present understanding of cosmic rays are summarized. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wiedenbeck, ME (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 169-327,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1137-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1516 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1063/1.4792559 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEH31 UT WOS:000316575600029 ER PT S AU Mitchell, JW Ormes, JF Streitmatter, RE AF Mitchell, John W. Ormes, Jonathan F. Streitmatter, Robert E. BE Ormes, JF TI Cosmic Ray Experiments and the Implications for Indirect Detection of Dark Matter SO CENTENARY SYMPOSIUM 2012: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Discovery of Cosmic Rays CY JUN 26-28, 2012 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Univ Denver, Off Res and Sponsored Programs, Univ Denver, Div Nat Sci and Math, Univ Denver, Dept Phys and Astronomy, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys and Cosmol (KIPAC) HO Univ Denver DE cosmic rays; antiprotons; antimatter; dark matter ID ANTIPROTON SPECTRUM; BESS; RADIATION; SEARCH AB Detection of cosmic-ray antiprotons was first reported by Golden et al. in 1979 and their existence was firmly established by the BESS and IMAX collaborations in the early 1990s. Increasingly precise measurements of the antiproton spectrum, most recently from BESS-Polar and PAMELA, have made it an important tool for investigating cosmic-ray transport in the galaxy and heliosphere and for constraining dark-matter models. The history of antiproton measurements will be briefly reviewed. The current status will be discussed, focusing on the results of BESS-Polar II and their implications for the possibility of antiprotons from primordial black hole evaporation. The current results of the BESS-Polar II antihelium search are also presented. C1 [Mitchell, John W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ormes, Jonathan F.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Streitmatter, Robert E.] NASA Retired, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mitchell, JW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of all the members of the BESS collaboration who have contributed to these results. We are also grateful for the support of this program for many years by NASA through numerous grants. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1137-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1516 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1063/1.4792562 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEH31 UT WOS:000316575600032 ER PT S AU Jones, WV AF Jones, W. Vernon BE Ormes, JF TI Scientific Ballooning: Past, Present and Future SO CENTENARY SYMPOSIUM 2012: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Discovery of Cosmic Rays CY JUN 26-28, 2012 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Univ Denver, Off Res and Sponsored Programs, Univ Denver, Div Nat Sci and Math, Univ Denver, Dept Phys and Astronomy, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys and Cosmol (KIPAC) HO Univ Denver DE Scientific balloons; Long-Duration; LDB; Ultra-long-duration; ULDB ID FLIGHTS AB Balloons have been used for scientific research since they were invented in France more than 200 years ago. Cosmic rays were discovered 100 years ago with an experiment flown on a manned balloon. A major change in balloon design occurred in 1950 with the introduction of the so-called natural shape balloon with integral load tapes. This basic design has been used with more or less continuously improved materials for scientific balloon flights for the past half century, including long-duration balloon (LDB) flights around Antarctica for the past two decades. The U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently developing a super-pressure balloon that would enable extended duration missions above 99.5% of the Earth's atmosphere at any latitude. Ultra-long-duration balloon (ULDB) flights enabled by constant-volume balloons should result in an even greater sea change in scientific ballooning than the inauguration of long-duration balloon (LDB) flights in Antarctica during the 1990-91 austral summer. C1 NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Astrophys Div DH000, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Jones, WV (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Astrophys Div DH000, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1137-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1516 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1063/1.4792574 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEH31 UT WOS:000316575600044 ER PT S AU Galper, AM Adriani, O Aptekar, RL Arkhangelskaja, IV Arkhangelskiy, AI Boezio, M Bonvicini, V Boyarchuk, KA Fradkin, MI Gusakov, YV Kaplin, VA Kachanov, VA Kheymits, MD Leonov, AA Longo, F Mazets, EP Maestro, P Marrocchesi, P Mereminskiy, IA Mikhailov, VV Moiseev, AA Mocchiutti, E Mori, N Moskalenko, IV Naumov, PY Papini, P Picozza, P Rodin, VG Runtso, MF Sparvoli, R Spillantini, P Suchkov, SI Tavani, M Topchiev, NP Vacchi, A Vannuccini, E Yurkin, YT Zampa, N Zverev, VG Zirakashvili, VN AF Galper, A. M. Adriani, O. Aptekar, R. L. Arkhangelskaja, I. V. Arkhangelskiy, A. I. Boezio, M. Bonvicini, V. Boyarchuk, K. A. Fradkin, M. I. Gusakov, Yu. V. Kaplin, V. A. Kachanov, V. A. Kheymits, M. D. Leonov, A. A. Longo, F. Mazets, E. P. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P. Mereminskiy, I. A. Mikhailov, V. V. Moiseev, A. A. Mocchiutti, E. Mori, N. Moskalenko, I. V. Naumov, P. Yu. Papini, P. Picozza, P. Rodin, V. G. Runtso, M. F. Sparvoli, R. Spillantini, P. Suchkov, S. I. Tavani, M. Topchiev, N. P. Vacchi, A. Vannuccini, E. Yurkin, Yu. T. Zampa, N. Zverev, V. G. Zirakashvili, V. N. BE Ormes, JF TI Design and Performance of the GAMMA-400 Gamma-Ray Telescope for Dark Matter Searches SO CENTENARY SYMPOSIUM 2012: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Discovery of Cosmic Rays CY JUN 26-28, 2012 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Univ Denver, Off Res and Sponsored Programs, Univ Denver, Div Nat Sci and Math, Univ Denver, Dept Phys and Astronomy, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys and Cosmol (KIPAC) HO Univ Denver DE gamma-ray telescope; dark matter; cosmic gamma-ray emission ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; MISSION AB The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope is designed to measure the fluxes of gammarays and cosmic-ray electrons + positrons, which can be produced by annihilation or decay of the dark matter particles, as well as to survey the celestial sphere in order to study point and extended sources of gamma-rays, measure energy spectra of Galactic and extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, gamma-ray bursts, and gamma-ray emission from the Sun. GAMMA-400 covers the energy range from 100 MeV to 3000 GeV. Its angular resolution is similar to 0.01 degrees (E-gamma > 100 GeV), the energy resolution similar to 1% (E-gamma > 10 GeV), and the proton rejection factor similar to 10(6). GAMMA-400 will be installed on the Russian space platform Navigator. The beginning of observations is planned for 2018. C1 [Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Galper, A. M.; Fradkin, M. I.; Gusakov, Yu. V.; Suchkov, S. I.; Topchiev, N. P.] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Galper, A. M.; Arkhangelskaja, I. V.; Arkhangelskiy, A. I.; Kaplin, V. A.; Kheymits, M. D.; Leonov, A. A.; Mereminskiy, I. A.; Mikhailov, V. V.; Naumov, P. Yu.; Runtso, M. F.; Yurkin, Yu. T.; Zverev, V. G.] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Adriani, O.; Mori, N.; Papini, P.; Spillantini, P.; Vannuccini, E.] Univ Florence, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Dept Phys, Sect Florence, Florence, Italy. [Aptekar, R. L.; Mazets, E. P.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Longo, F.; Mocchiutti, E.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.] Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Sect Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Boyarchuk, K. A.] Res Inst Electromech, Istra, Russia. [Kachanov, V. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Maestro, P.; Marrocchesi, P.] Univ Siena, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Dept Phys, Sect Pisa, Siena, Italy. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Moskalenko, I. V.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophy & Cosmol, Hansen Expt Phy Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Picozza, P.; Sparvoli, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Dept Phys, Sect Rome 2, Rome, Italy. [Tavani, M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Natl Inst Astrophy, LASF, Dept Phys, Rome, Italy. [Zirakashvili, V. N.] Pushkow Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radiowav, Troitsk, Russia. RP Moiseev, AA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexander.a.moiseev@nasa.gov RI Архангельский, Андрей/O-3676-2016; maestro, paolo/E-3280-2010; Mocchiutti, Emiliano/I-8049-2013; Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010; Mikhailov, Vladimir/B-5368-2014; Aptekar, Raphail/B-3456-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/N-9068-2015; Topchiev, Nikolay/M-6670-2015; Leonov, Alexey/E-4698-2016; Galper, Arkady/M-9610-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mori, Nicola/D-9459-2016 OI Архангельский, Андрей/0000-0001-6406-6736; Sparvoli, Roberta/0000-0002-6314-6117; Picozza, Piergiorgio/0000-0002-7986-3321; Papini, Paolo/0000-0003-4718-2895; Boezio, Mirko/0000-0002-8015-2981; Tavani, Marco/0000-0003-2893-1459; Kheymits, Maxim/0000-0002-3415-1187; maestro, paolo/0000-0002-4193-1288; Mocchiutti, Emiliano/0000-0001-7856-551X; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Mikhailov, Vladimir/0000-0003-3851-2901; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/0000-0003-1966-140X; Topchiev, Nikolay/0000-0002-2875-8978; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mori, Nicola/0000-0003-2138-3787 FU Space Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Space Agency FX This work was supported by the Space Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Space Agency. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1137-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1516 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1063/1.4792586 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEH31 UT WOS:000316575600056 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Hill, DJ Dolan, AM Otto-Bliesner, BL Bragg, F Chan, WL Chandler, MA Contoux, C Dowsett, HJ Jost, A Kamae, Y Lohmann, G Lunt, DJ Abe-Ouchi, A Pickering, SJ Ramstein, G Rosenbloom, NA Salzmann, U Sohl, L Stepanek, C Ueda, H Yan, Q Zhang, Z AF Haywood, A. M. Hill, D. J. Dolan, A. M. Otto-Bliesner, B. L. Bragg, F. Chan, W. -L. Chandler, M. A. Contoux, C. Dowsett, H. J. Jost, A. Kamae, Y. Lohmann, G. Lunt, D. J. Abe-Ouchi, A. Pickering, S. J. Ramstein, G. Rosenbloom, N. A. Salzmann, U. Sohl, L. Stepanek, C. Ueda, H. Yan, Q. Zhang, Z. TI Large-scale features of Pliocene climate: results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; SIMPLE BIOSPHERE MODEL; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; COUPLED MODEL; WARM PERIOD; ICE-SHEET; ARCTIC-OCEAN; NORESM-L AB Climate and environments of the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) have been extensively studied. Whilst numerical models have shed light on the nature of climate at the time, uncertainties in their predictions have not been systematically examined. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project quantifies uncertainties in model outputs through a coordinated multi-model and multi-model/data intercomparison. Whilst commonalities in model outputs for the Pliocene are clearly evident, we show substantial variation in the sensitivity of models to the implementation of Pliocene boundary conditions. Models appear able to reproduce many regional changes in temperature reconstructed from geological proxies. However, data/model comparison highlights that models potentially underestimate polar amplification. To assert this conclusion with greater confidence, limitations in the time-averaged proxy data currently available must be addressed. Furthermore, sensitivity tests ex-ploring the known unknowns in modelling Pliocene climate specifically relevant to the high latitudes are essential (e. g. palaeogeography, gateways, orbital forcing and trace gasses). Estimates of longer-term sensitivity to CO2 (also known as Earth System Sensitivity; ESS), support previous work suggesting that ESS is greater than Climate Sensitivity (CS), and suggest that the ratio of ESS to CS is between 1 and 2, with a "best" estimate of 1.5. C1 [Haywood, A. M.; Hill, D. J.; Dolan, A. M.; Pickering, S. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hill, D. J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Rosenbloom, N. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bragg, F.; Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Chan, W. -L.; Abe-Ouchi, A.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L.] Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, New York, NY USA. [Contoux, C.; Ramstein, G.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Saclay, France. [Contoux, C.; Jost, A.] Univ Paris 06, Unite Mixte Rech SISYPHE 7619, Paris, France. [Dowsett, H. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kamae, Y.; Ueda, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lohmann, G.; Stepanek, C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Abe-Ouchi, A.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Salzmann, U.] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Yan, Q.; Zhang, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Z.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Earth & Environm Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Kamae, Youichi/L-6694-2013; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/M-6359-2013; Ramstein, Gilles/L-3328-2014; Zhang, Zhongshi/L-2891-2013; Yan, Qing/C-5413-2013; Bragg, Fran/C-6198-2015; OI Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Lohmann, Gerrit/0000-0003-2089-733X; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524; Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Kamae, Youichi/0000-0003-0461-5718; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Ramstein, Gilles/0000-0002-1522-917X; Zhang, Zhongshi/0000-0002-2354-1622; Yan, Qing/0000-0001-5299-7824; Bragg, Fran/0000-0002-8179-4214; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925 FU European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC [278636]; UK Natural Environment Research Council; Leverhulme Trust; National Centre for Atmospheric Research; British Geological Survey; POLMAR; PACES; NERC [NE/H006273/1]; RCUK; US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF; NSF [ATM0323516]; NASA [NNX10AU63A]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1, NE/G009112/1] FX A.M.H., A. M. D. and S.J.P. acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. A. M. D. acknowledges the UK Natural Environment Research Council for the provision of a Doctoral Training Grant. D.J.H. acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of an Early Career Fellowship and the National Centre for Atmospheric Research and the British Geological Survey for financial support. C. S. and G. L. received funding through POLMAR and PACES. Z.Z. would like to thank Mats Bentsen, Jerry Tjiputra, Ingo Bethke from Bjerknes Center for Climate Research for the contribution to the development of the NorESM-L. F.J.B. and D.J.L. acknowledge NERC grant NE/H006273/1. D.J.L. acknowledges Research Councils UK for the award of an RCUK fellowship and the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Phillip Leverhulme Prize. B.L.O. and N.A.R. recognise that NCAR is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the NSF and other agencies. The source code of MRI model is provided by S. Yukimoto, O. Arakawa, and A. Kitoh in Meteorological Research Institute, Japan. Funding for L. S. and M. C. provided by NSF Grant ATM0323516 and NASA Grant NNX10AU63A. W.-L. C. and A.A.-O. would like to thank R. Ohgaito for help in setting up the MIROC4m experiments which were run on the Earth Simulator at JAMSTEC. H.J.D. thanks the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program and the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. U. S. and A. M. H. acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/I016287/1, and NE/G009112/1 along with D.J.L). The HadCM3 simulations were carried out using the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol - http://www.bris.ac.uk/acrc/. NR 102 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 14 U2 77 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.5194/cp-9-191-2013 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117OD UT WOS:000316961900012 ER PT J AU Bamber, JL Griggs, JA Hurkmans, RTWL Dowdeswell, JA Gogineni, SP Howat, I Mouginot, J Paden, J Palmer, S Rignot, E Steinhage, D AF Bamber, J. L. Griggs, J. A. Hurkmans, R. T. W. L. Dowdeswell, J. A. Gogineni, S. P. Howat, I. Mouginot, J. Paden, J. Palmer, S. Rignot, E. Steinhage, D. TI A new bed elevation dataset for Greenland SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET; SHELF; THICKNESS; GLACIER; MODEL; FLOW AB We present a new bed elevation dataset for Greenland derived from a combination of multiple airborne ice thickness surveys undertaken between the 1970s and 2012. Around 420 000 line kilometres of airborne data were used, with roughly 70% of this having been collected since the year 2000, when the last comprehensive compilation was undertaken. The airborne data were combined with satellite-derived elevations for non-glaciated terrain to produce a consistent bed digital elevation model (DEM) over the entire island including across the glaciated-ice free boundary. The DEM was extended to the continental margin with the aid of bathymetric data, primarily from a compilation for the Arctic. Ice thickness was determined where an ice shelf exists from a combination of surface elevation and radar soundings. The across-track spacing between flight lines warranted interpolation at 1 km postings for significant sectors of the ice sheet. Grids of ice surface elevation, error estimates for the DEM, ice thickness and data sampling density were also produced alongside a mask of land/ocean/grounded ice/floating ice. Errors in bed elevation range from a minimum of +/- 10m to about +/- 300 m, as a function of distance from an observation and local topographic variability. A comparison with the compilation published in 2001 highlights the improvement in resolution afforded by the new datasets, particularly along the ice sheet margin, where ice velocity is highest and changes in ice dynamics most marked. We estimate that the volume of ice included in our land-ice mask would raise mean sea level by 7.36 m, excluding any solid earth effects that would take place during ice sheet decay. C1 [Bamber, J. L.; Griggs, J. A.; Hurkmans, R. T. W. L.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England. [Dowdeswell, J. A.; Palmer, S.] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1ER, England. [Gogineni, S. P.; Paden, J.] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Howat, I.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Howat, I.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mouginot, J.; Rignot, E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Rignot, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Steinhage, D.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Bamber, JL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England. EM j.bamber@bristol.ac.uk RI Howat, Ian/A-3474-2008; Bamber, Jonathan/C-7608-2011; Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; Mouginot, Jeremie/G-7045-2015; OI Howat, Ian/0000-0002-8072-6260; Bamber, Jonathan/0000-0002-2280-2819; Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Mouginot, Jeremie/0000-0001-9155-5455 FU ice2sea programme from the European Union 7th Framework Programme [226375]; European Space Agency's Changing Earth Science network FX This work was supported by funding from the ice2sea programme from the European Union 7th Framework Programme, grant number 226375 and the European Space Agency's Changing Earth Science network. Ice2sea contribution number 142. The authors would like to thank Bea Csatho (SUNY) for providing the coastline map and the NASA OIB project for their provision of data to the community. The authors are grateful to the three anonymous referees for their thoughtful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 37 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.5194/tc-7-499-2013 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 118EK UT WOS:000317005500009 ER PT J AU Marrari, M Signorini, SR Mcclain, CR Pajaro, M Martos, P Vinas, MD Hansen, J Dimauro, R Cepeda, G Buratti, C AF Marrari, Marina Signorini, Sergio R. Mcclain, Charles R. Pajaro, Marcelo Martos, Patricia Delia Vinas, Maria Hansen, Jorge Dimauro, Roxana Cepeda, Georgina Buratti, Claudio TI Reproductive success of the Argentine anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, in relation to environmental variability at a mid-shelf front (Southwestern Atlantic Ocean) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Engraulis anchoita; frontal systems; ocean color; recruitment; SeaWiFS; South Atlantic Ocean; zooplankton ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHLOROPHYLL-A; GEORGES BANK; BERING-SEA; LARVAE; HYDROGRAPHY; RECRUITMENT; TURBULENCE; GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The mid-shelf front (MSF) of the Buenos Aires province continental shelf in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean plays a central role in the pelagic ecosystem of the region acting as the main spring reproductive area for the northern population of the Argentine anchovy Engraulis anchoita and supporting high concentrations of chlorophyll as well as zooplankton, the main food of anchovy. To investigate the influence of environmental variability on the reproductive success of E.anchoita, we analyzed a 13-yr time series (19972009) of environmental data at MSF including chlorophyll dynamics, as well as zooplankton composition and abundance, ichthyoplankton distributions, and recruitment of E.anchoita. Spring chlorophyll concentrations showed high interannual variability and were mainly influenced by changes in water temperature and vertical stratification, which in turn control nutrient supply to the surface. Chlorophyll dynamics (magnitude, timing, and duration of the spring bloom) explained most of the variability observed in E.anchoita recruitment, most likely via fluctuations in the availability of adequate food for the larvae. Our results suggest that satellite ocean color products can be valuable tools for understanding variability in ecosystem dynamics and its effects on the recruitment of fish. C1 [Marrari, Marina] Serv Hidrog Naval, Dept Oceanog, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Signorini, Sergio R.; Mcclain, Charles R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pajaro, Marcelo; Martos, Patricia; Delia Vinas, Maria; Hansen, Jorge; Cepeda, Georgina; Buratti, Claudio] Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero INIDEP, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Martos, Patricia] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Delia Vinas, Maria; Cepeda, Georgina] IIMyC, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Dimauro, Roxana] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Marrari, M (reprint author), Serv Hidrog Naval, Dept Oceanog, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM marinam_ar@yahoo.com FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Fundacion Bunge y Born FX We thank John Wilding, Bryan Franz, Jeremy Werdell and Sean Bailey for their help with data processing and analysis. Oak Ridge Associated Universities and Fundacion Bunge y Born provided financial support. G. Auad provided a critical reading of the manuscript. We are grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Eduardo Holmberg and Capitan Oca Balda for their assistance with sample collection. This is INIDEP contribution No. 1773. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 247 EP 261 DI 10.1111/fog.12019 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 119BU UT WOS:000317072600008 ER PT J AU Getirana, ACV Peters-Lidard, C AF Getirana, A. C. V. Peters-Lidard, C. TI Estimating water discharge from large radar altimetry datasets SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RIVER DISCHARGE; RATING CURVES; SCHEME; BASIN AB The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of large altimetry datasets as a complementary gauging network capable of providing water discharge in ungauged regions. A rating curve-based methodology is adopted to derive water discharge from altimetric data provided by the Envisat satellite at 475 virtual stations (VS) within the Amazon basin. From a global-scale perspective, the stage-discharge relations at VS are built based on radar altimetry and outputs from a modeling system composed of a land surface model and a global river routing scheme. In order to quantify the impact of model uncertainties on rating-curve based discharges, a second experiment is performed using outputs from a simulation where daily observed discharges at 135 gauging stations are introduced in the modeling system. Discharge estimates at 90 VS are evaluated against observations during the curve fitting calibration (2002-2005) and evaluation (2006-2008) periods, resulting in mean normalized RMS errors as high as 39 and 15% for experiments without and with direct insertion of data, respectively. Without direct insertion, uncertainty of discharge estimates can be mostly attributed to forcing errors at smaller scales, generating a positive correlation between performance and drainage area. Mean relative streamflow volume errors (RE) of altimetry-based discharges varied from 15 to 84% for large and small drainage areas, respectively. Rating curves produced a mean RE of 51% versus 68% from model outputs. Inserting discharge data into the modeling system decreases the mean RE from 51 to 18 %, and mean NRMSE from 24 to 9 %. These results demonstrate the feasibility of applying the proposed methodology to the continental or global scales. C1 [Getirana, A. C. V.; Peters-Lidard, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Getirana, ACV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM augusto.getirana@nasa.gov RI Getirana, Augusto/A-6146-2010; Getirana, Augusto/G-4630-2011; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP); Agencia Nacional de Aguas (ANA); Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS) FX The first author is funded by the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). The study benefited from data made available by Agencia Nacional de Aguas (ANA) and by Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS). Grateful acknowledgments are due to G. Cochonneau (IRD) and M. C. Gennero (IRD) for their help in data acquisition and processing, B. Decharme (Meteo-France) and R. Alkama (Meteo-France) for providing ISBA outputs, and G. Schumann (JPL/NASA) and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 923 EP 933 DI 10.5194/hess-17-923-2013 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 117NX UT WOS:000316961300003 ER PT J AU Li, B Rodell, M AF Li, B. Rodell, M. TI Spatial variability and its scale dependency of observed and modeled soil moisture over different climate regions SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; AMSR-E; DYNAMICS; FIELDS; SGP97; TIME AB Past studies on soil moisture spatial variability have been mainly conducted at catchment scales where soil moisture is often sampled over a short time period; as a result, the observed soil moisture often exhibited smaller dynamic ranges, which prevented the complete revelation of soil moisture spatial variability as a function of mean soil moisture. In this study, spatial statistics (mean, spatial variability and skewness) of in situ soil moisture, modeled and satellite-retrieved soil moisture obtained in a warm season (198 days) were examined over three large climate regions in the US. The study found that spatial moments of in situ measurements strongly depend on climates, with distinct mean, spatial variability and skewness observed in each climate zone. In addition, an upward convex shape, which was revealed in several smaller scale studies, was observed for the relationship between spatial variability of in situ soil moisture and its spatial mean when statistics from dry, intermediate, and wet climates were combined. This upward convex shape was vaguely or partially observable in modeled and satellite-retrieved soil moisture estimates due to their smaller dynamic ranges. Despite different environmental controls on large-scale soil moisture spatial variability, the correlation between spatial variability and mean soil moisture remained similar to that observed at small scales, which is attributed to the boundedness of soil moisture. From the smaller support (effective area or volume represented by a measurement or estimate) to larger ones, soil moisture spatial variability decreased in each climate region. The scale dependency of spatial variability all followed the power law, but data with large supports showed stronger scale dependency than those with smaller supports. The scale dependency of soil moisture variability also varied with climates, which may be linked to the scale dependency of precipitation spatial variability. Influences of environmental controls on soil moisture spatial variability at large scales are discussed. The results of this study should be useful for diagnosing large scale soil moisture estimates and for improving the estimation of land surface processes. C1 [Li, B.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, B.; Rodell, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bailing.li@nasa.gov RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012 OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1177 EP 1188 DI 10.5194/hess-17-1177-2013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 117NX UT WOS:000316961300021 ER PT J AU Alonso-DelPino, M Llombart, N Chattopadhyay, G Lee, C Jung-Kubiak, C Jofre, L Mehdi, I AF Alonso-DelPino, M. Llombart, N. Chattopadhyay, G. Lee, C. Jung-Kubiak, C. Jofre, L. Mehdi, I. TI Design Guidelines for a Terahertz Silicon Micro-Lens Antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lens; silicon fabrication; terahertz ID REFLECTIONS AB A silicon lens antenna suited for future integrated terahertz arrays has been proposed recently. The antenna consists of an extended hemispherical silicon lens fed by a leaky-wave waveguide feed. The primary advantage is that the antenna is compatible with silicon micro-fabrication techniques as only a small sector of the lens is actually used. Moreover, it can be easily integrated with other silicon micromachined front-end components. In this letter, the design and optimization details of such a micro-lens antenna is presented. The design is validated with a set of measurements at 550 GHz from a prototype that has been fabricated using laser micro-fabrication. C1 [Alonso-DelPino, M.; Jofre, L.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Signal Theory & Commun Dept, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Llombart, N.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Opt Dept, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Chattopadhyay, G.; Lee, C.; Jung-Kubiak, C.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Alonso-DelPino, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia, Signal Theory & Commun Dept, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM maria.alonso@tsc.upc.edu RI Jofre, Lluis/E-5879-2013 OI Jofre, Lluis/0000-0002-0547-901X FU Spanish CICYT [TEC2007-66698-C04-01, TEC2010-20841-C04-02, CSD2008-68, AYA2010-10054-E]; program "Ramon y Cajal" [RYC-2009-04924] FX Manuscript received November 16, 2012; accepted December 26, 2012. Date of publication January 15, 2013; date of current version March 12, 2013. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work of M. Alonso-DelPino and L. Jofre was supported by the Spanish CICYT under Grants TEC2007-66698-C04-01, TEC2010-20841-C04-02, and CONSOLIDER CSD2008-68. The work of N. Llombart was supported by the Spanish CICYT under Grant AYA2010-10054-E and the program "Ramon y Cajal" RYC-2009-04924. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2013 VL 12 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2240252 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 115DJ UT WOS:000316792500023 ER PT J AU Fink, PW Khayat, MA AF Fink, Patrick W. Khayat, Michael A. TI A Simple Transformation for the Numerical Evaluation of Near Strongly Singular Integrals SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Computation theory; integral equations; numerical integration; singularity ID HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS AB A simple transformation using a singularity cancellation technique is presented that enables accurate and efficient computation of near strongly singular integrals involving the gradient of Helmholtz-type potentials for projected observation points that lie external to the source element. Unlike previous Duffy-like transformations, the coordinate reference is offset from the projection of the observation point onto the plane containing the source element. In many cases, this permits highly accurate results without the splitting of the source element. When splitting is required, high-aspect-ratio subtriangles are easily avoided. C1 [Fink, Patrick W.; Khayat, Michael A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Antenna & Wireless Syst Branch EV4, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Fink, PW (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Antenna & Wireless Syst Branch EV4, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.a.khayat@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2013 VL 12 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2242839 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 115DJ UT WOS:000316792500059 ER PT J AU Strybel, TZ Vu, KPL Battiste, V Johnson, W AF Strybel, Thomas Z. Vu, Kim-Phuong L. Battiste, Vernol Johnson, Walter TI Measuring the Impact of NextGen Operating Concepts for Separation Assurance on Pilot Situation Awareness and Workload SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT; DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; AUTOMATION; PERFORMANCE; CONTROLLER AB We determined the effect of NextGen concepts of operation for separation assurance on pilot situation awareness and workload using an online probe technique. We also evaluated the probe technique for sensitivity, diagnosticity, and validity with respect to different NextGen separation assurance operating concepts. These concepts allocated responsibility for conflict detection and resolution to either pilots, air traffic controllers, or an automated, ground-based, conflict detection and resolution agent. Probe queries were developed to fit in 1 of 3 categories: traffic conflicts, aircraft or airspace status, or commands and communications. We determined that pilot situation awareness of conflict information was highest when the pilot was responsible for separation assurance; workload was minimally affected. Moreover, the changes in pilot awareness of task-specific information can be determined using this online probe technique. Evidence for the reliability and validity of our probe technique is also provided. C1 [Strybel, Thomas Z.; Vu, Kim-Phuong L.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Battiste, Vernol] San Jose State Univ Fdn, San Jose, CA USA. [Battiste, Vernol; Johnson, Walter] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Strybel, TZ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, Ctr Human Factors Adv Aeronaut Technol, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM thomas.strybel@csulb.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1080/10508414.2013.746156 PG 26 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 116UZ UT WOS:000316909800001 ER PT J AU Kharuk, VI Dvinskaya, ML Ranson, KJ AF Kharuk, Vyacheslav I. Dvinskaya, Mariya L. Ranson, K. Jon TI Fire return intervals within the northern boundary of the larch forest in Central Siberia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Larix gmelinii; wildfires ID BOREAL FOREST; EVERGREEN CONIFERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE-RINGS; FREQUENCY; EMISSIONS; WILDFIRE; REGIMES AB A fire history of northern larch forests was studied. These larch forests are found near the northern limit of their range at similar to 71 degrees N, where fires are predominantly caused by lightning strikes rather than human activity. Fire-return intervals (FRIs) were calculated based on fire scars and dates of tree natality. Tree natality was used as an approximation of the date of the last fire. The average FRI was found to be 295 +/- 57 years, which is the longest reported for larch-dominated stands. Prior studies reported 80-90-year FRIs at 64 degrees N and similar to 200 years near the latitude of the Arctic Circle. Comparing data from fires that occurred in 1700-1849 (end of the Little Ice Age, LIA) and 1850-1999 (post-LIA warming) indicates approximately twice as many fires occurred during the latter period. This agrees with the hypothesis that observed climatic warming will result in an increase in fire frequency. Our results also indicate that fires that did not leave visible fire scars on the tree stem may be identified based on the date of growth release revealed from dendrochronology. C1 [Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.; Dvinskaya, Mariya L.] Siberian Fed Univ, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Ranson, K. Jon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kharuk, VI (reprint author), Siberian Fed Univ, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. EM kharuk@ksc.krasn.ru RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270 FU SB RAS [27.33]; NASA Science Mission Directorate, Terrestrial Ecology Program FX This research was supported by the SB RAS Program Number 27.33, and NASA Science Mission Directorate, Terrestrial Ecology Program. The authors thank Dr Joanne Howl for editing the manuscript. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1071/WF11181 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111CV UT WOS:000316496600011 ER PT J AU Clement, G Wood, SJ AF Clement, Gilles Wood, Scott J. TI Eye movements and motion perception during off-vertical axis rotation after spaceflight SO JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration CY APR 08-10, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Belgian Sci Policy PRODEX, Res Fdn Flanders DE OVAR; otolith; spatial orientation; microgravity ID OTOLITH-OCULAR REFLEXES; HORIZONTAL ANGULAR VOR; SPACE-FLIGHT; SMALL ANGLES; ROLL TILT; VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX; LINEAR ACCELERATION; SPATIAL ORIENTATION; ECCENTRIC ROTATION; PARABOLIC FLIGHT AB Constant velocity off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) provides dynamic linear acceleration stimuli that can be used to assess otolith function. Eight astronauts were rotated in darkness about their longitudinal axis 20 degrees off vertical at low (0.125 Hz) and high (0.5 Hz) frequencies and their responses were compared before and after spaceflight. Eye movements were recorded using infrared videography and perceived motion was evaluated using a joystick with four degrees of freedom - pitch and roll tilt, front-back and lateral translation. Low-frequency OVAR generates tilt otolith-induced responses - modulation of ocular counter-roll and counter-pitch with perceived conical motion path - whereas high-frequency OVAR generates translational otolith-induced responses - modulation of horizontal and vergence slow phase velocity with perceived cylindrical motion path. While there were transient changes in the amplitude of the translational ocular responses on landing day, there were no major changes in the tilt ocular reflexes after adaptation to weightlessness. However, there was an increase in sensitivity to motion perception after spaceflight. Direct comparisons of pre- and postflight stimuli suggested that OVAR on landing day was less provocative of motion sickness than before spaceflight. These results confirm that some otolith reflexes elicited during passive motion may not be altered by short-duration spaceflight - or may readapt very quickly - and that the resolution of sensory conflict associated with postflight recovery involves higher-order neural processes. C1 [Clement, Gilles] Int Space Univ, Strasbourg, France. [Wood, Scott J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Clement, G (reprint author), Int Space Univ, Parc Innovat,1 Rue Jean Dominique Cassini, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM clement@isu.isunet.edu NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4271 J9 J VESTIBUL RES-EQUIL JI J. Vestib. Res.-Equilib. Orientat. PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.3233/VES-130471 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 117GO UT WOS:000316941700003 PM 23549051 ER PT J AU Baziotis, IP Liu, Y DeCarli, PS Melosh, HJ McSween, HY Bodnar, RJ Taylor, LA AF Baziotis, Ioannis P. Liu, Yang DeCarli, Paul S. Melosh, H. Jay McSween, Harry Y. Bodnar, Robert J. Taylor, Lawrence A. TI The Tissint Martian meteorite as evidence for the largest impact excavation SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SHOCKED SIXIANGKOU METEORITE; HIGH-PRESSURE MINERALS; TENHAM L6 CHONDRITE; INDUCED MELT VEIN; TRANSITION ZONE; PHASE-RELATIONS; METAMORPHISM; CONSTRAINTS; SHERGOTTY; OLIVINE AB High-pressure minerals in meteorites provide clues for the impact processes that excavated, launched and delivered these samples to Earth. Most Martian meteorites are suggested to have been excavated from 3 to 7 km diameter impact craters. Here we show that the Tissint meteorite, a 2011 meteorite fall, contains virtually all the high-pressure phases (seven minerals and two mineral glasses) that have been reported in isolated occurrences in other Martian meteorites. Particularly, one ringwoodite (75 x 140 mu m(2)) represents the largest grain observed in all Martian samples. Collectively, the ubiquitous high-pressure minerals of unusually large sizes in Tissint indicate that shock metamorphism was widely dispersed in this sample (similar to 25 GPa and similar to 2,000 degrees C). Using the size and growth kinetics of the ringwoodite grains, we infer an initial impact crater with similar to 90 km diameter, with a factor of 2 uncertainty. These energetic conditions imply alteration of any possible low-T minerals in Tissint. C1 [Baziotis, Ioannis P.; Liu, Yang; McSween, Harry Y.; Taylor, Lawrence A.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liu, Yang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [DeCarli, Paul S.] SRI Int, Poulter Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Melosh, H. Jay] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bodnar, Robert J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Taylor, LA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lataylor@utk.edu OI Baziotis, Ioannis/0000-0003-0185-5847 FU NASA Cosmochemistry grants [NNX11AG58G, NNX10AH486]; NASA PGG grant [NNX10AU88G]; NSF [EAR-1019770]; Planetary Geosciences Institute at the University of Tennessee FX This work was funded by NASA Cosmochemistry grants NNX11AG58G to L. A. T., NNX10AH486 to H.Y.M., and PGG grant NNX10AU88G to H.J.M., an NSF grant EAR-1019770 to R.J.B. and the Planetary Geosciences Institute at the University of Tennessee. The final revision of this paper was performed by Y.L. at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. The team effort for this paper consisted of a steep learning curve for the Tennessee scientists, as mentored by Professors Melosh and DeCarli. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 4 AR 1404 DI 10.1038/ncomms2414 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 112SV UT WOS:000316614600074 PM 23360995 ER PT J AU Segato, TP Bhakta, SA Gordon, MT Carrilho, E Willis, PA Jiao, H Garcia, CD AF Segato, Thiago P. Bhakta, Samir A. Gordon, Matthew T. Carrilho, Emanuel Willis, Peter A. Jiao, Hong Garcia, Carlos D. TI Microfab-less microfluidic capillary electrophoresis devices SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; INORGANIC CATIONS; SAMPLE INJECTION; ALKALINE-EARTH; DETECTOR; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); PERFORMANCE; SEPARATION AB Compared to conventional benchtop instruments, microfluidic devices possess advantageous characteristics including great portability potential, reduced analysis time (minutes), and relatively inexpensive production, putting them on the forefront of modern analytical chemistry. Fabrication of these devices, however, often involves polymeric materials with less-than-ideal surface properties, specific instrumentation, and cumbersome fabrication procedures. In order to overcome such drawbacks, a new hybrid platform is proposed. The platform is centered on the use of 5 interconnecting microfluidic components that serve as either the injector or reservoirs. These plastic units are interconnected using standard capillary tubing, enabling in-channel detection by a wide variety of standard techniques, including capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection ((CD)-D-4). Due to the minimum impact on the separation efficiency, the plastic microfluidic components used for the experiments discussed herein were fabricated using an inexpensive engraving tool and standard Plexiglas. The presented approach (named 5(2)-platform) offers a previously unseen versatility, enabling the assembly of the platform within minutes using capillary tubing that differs in length, diameter, or material. The advantages of the proposed design are demonstrated by performing the analysis of inorganic cations by capillary electrophoresis on soil samples from the Atacama Desert. C1 [Segato, Thiago P.; Carrilho, Emanuel] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Bhakta, Samir A.; Gordon, Matthew T.; Garcia, Carlos D.] UT San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Willis, Peter A.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Jiao, Hong] HJ Sci & Technol, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Garcia, CD (reprint author), UT San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM carlos.garcia@utsa.edu RI Carrilho, Emanuel/A-5845-2009; Willis, Peter/I-6621-2012; Segato, Thiago/H-8630-2012; Garcia, Carlos/A-8681-2008 OI Carrilho, Emanuel/0000-0001-7351-8220; Garcia, Carlos/0000-0002-7583-5585 FU STTN/NASA [NNX12CG20P-1]; University of Texas at San Antonio; National Institutes of Health through the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [1SC3GM081085, 2SC3GM081085]; NASA [104320]; Research Centers at Minority Institutions [G12MD007591] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by STTN/NASA (NNX12CG20P-1), The University of Texas at San Antonio and the National Institutes of Health through the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1SC3GM081085, 2SC3GM081085), the NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Development (ASTID) Program (104320), and the Research Centers at Minority Institutions (G12MD007591). NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1652 EP 1657 DI 10.1039/c3ay26392d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 106CH UT WOS:000316118500003 PM 23585815 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Mannuccci, AJ Verkhoglyadova, OP Lakhina, GS AF Tsurutani, B. T. Mannuccci, A. J. Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Lakhina, G. S. TI Comment on "Storming the Bastille: the effect of electric fields on the ionospheric F-layer" by Rishbeth et al. (2010) SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; SAMI2; MODEL C1 [Tsurutani, B. T.; Mannuccci, A. J.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lakhina, G. S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539; Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-145-2013 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110IU UT WOS:000316436600001 ER PT J AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Tsurutani, BT Mannucci, AJ Mlynczak, MG Hunt, LA Runge, T AF Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Tsurutani, B. T. Mannucci, A. J. Mlynczak, M. G. Hunt, L. A. Runge, T. TI Variability of ionospheric TEC during solar and geomagnetic minima (2008 and 2009): external high speed stream drivers SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; Ionospheric disturbances; Magnetospheric physics; Storms and substorms ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ACTIVITY HILDCAA EVENTS; CORONAL HOLES; WIND STREAMS; MAGNETIC STORMS; NITRIC-OXIDE; FIELD; THERMOSPHERE; PENETRATION AB We study solar wind-ionosphere coupling through the late declining phase/solar minimum and geomagnetic minimum phases during the last solar cycle (SC23) - 2008 and 2009. This interval was characterized by sequences of high-speed solar wind streams (HSSs). The concomitant geomagnetic response was moderate geomagnetic storms and high-intensity, long-duration continuous auroral activity (HILDCAA) events. The JPL Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) software and the GPS total electron content (TEC) database were used to calculate the vertical TEC (VTEC) and estimate daily averaged values in separate latitude and local time ranges. Our results show distinct low- and mid-latitude VTEC responses to HSSs during this interval, with the low-latitude daytime daily averaged values increasing by up to 33 TECU (annual average of similar to 20 TECU) near local noon (12:00 to 14:00 LT) in 2008. In 2009 during the minimum geomagnetic activity (MGA) interval, the response to HSSs was a maximum of similar to 30 TECU increases with a slightly lower average value than in 2008. There was a weak nighttime ionospheric response to the HSSs. A well-studied solar cycle declining phase interval, 10-22 October 2003, was analyzed for comparative purposes, with daytime low-latitude VTEC peak values of up to similar to 58 TECU (event average of similar to 55 TECU). The ionospheric VTEC changes during 2008-2009 were similar but similar to 60 % less intense on average. There is an evidence of correlations of filtered daily averaged VTEC data with Ap index and solar wind speed. We use the infrared NO and CO2 emission data obtained with SABER on TIMED as a proxy for the radiation balance of the thermosphere. It is shown that infrared emissions increase during HSS events possibly due to increased energy input into the auroral region associated with HILDCAAs. The 2008-2009 HSS intervals were similar to 85 % less intense than the 2003 early declining phase event, with annual averages of daily infrared NO emission power of similar to 3.3 x 10(10) W and 2.7 x 10(10) W in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The roles of disturbance dynamos caused by high-latitude winds (due to particle precipitation and Joule heating in the auroral zones) and of prompt penetrating electric fields (PPEFs) in the solar wind-ionosphere coupling during these intervals are discussed. A correlation between geoeffective interplanetary electric field components and HSS intervals is shown. Both PPEF and disturbance dynamo mechanisms could play important roles in solar wind-ionosphere coupling during prolonged (up to days) external driving within HILDCAA intervals. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Tsurutani, B. T.; Mannucci, A. J.; Runge, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] UAH, Ctr Space & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM olga.verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 FU NASA TIMED project office FX Portions of this work were done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. MGM would like to acknowledge support from the NASA TIMED project office. The authors would like to thank referees for very valuable suggestions. NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-263-2013 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110IU UT WOS:000316436600012 ER PT J AU Bose, D Brown, JL Prabhu, DK Gnoffo, P Johnston, CO Hollis, B AF Bose, Deepak Brown, James L. Prabhu, Dinesh K. Gnoffo, Peter Johnston, Christopher O. Hollis, Brian TI Uncertainty Assessment of Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics Prediction Capability SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ENTRY AB A focused effort to assess uncertainties in predictions of heat flux and pressure in hypersonic flight using state-of-the-art aerothermodynamics codes is presented in this special section. The assessment is performed for four mission-relevant problems: 1) shock turbulent boundary-layer interaction on a compression corner, 2) shock turbulent boundary-layer interaction due to an impinging shock, 3) high-mass Mars entry and aerocapture, and 4) high-speed return to Earth. The assessment for each mission-relevant problem is presented in separate papers in this section. A validation-based uncertainty assessment approach with reliance on subject matter expertise is used. A code verification exercise with code-to-code comparisons and comparisons against well-established correlations is also included. An exhaustive review of literature in search of validation experiments is performed, which identified gaps in ground-based validation experiments at hypersonic conditions. In particular, a shortage of usable experimental data at flight-like enthalpies and Reynolds numbers is found. The uncertainties for the four mission-relevant problems are quantified using metrics that measured discrepancy between model predictions and experimental data. The discrepancy data are statistically analyzed and investigated for physics-based trends to define a meaningful quantified uncertainty. C1 [Bose, Deepak; Brown, James L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Prabhu, Dinesh K.] ERC Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gnoffo, Peter; Johnston, Christopher O.; Hollis, Brian] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Bose, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.2514/1.A32268 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800002 ER PT J AU Johnston, CO Mazaheri, A Gnoffo, P Kleb, B Bose, D AF Johnston, Christopher O. Mazaheri, Alireza Gnoffo, Peter Kleb, Bil Bose, Deepak TI Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry, Part 1: Flight Simulation Modeling and Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANSPORT PROPERTY COMPUTATIONS; RECOMMENDED COLLISION INTEGRALS; COUPLED ABLATION INJECTION; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET LINES; NEUTRAL NITROGEN LINES; SHOCK-LAYER SOLUTIONS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; CONTINUUM RADIATION AB This paper investigates the shock-layer radiative heating uncertainty for hyperbolic Earth entry, with the main focus being a Mars return. A baseline simulation approach involving the LAURA Navier Stokes code with coupled ablation and radiation is presented, with the HARA radiation code being used for the radiation predictions. Flight cases representative of peak heating Mars or asteroid return are defined, and the strong influence of coupled ablation and radiation on their aerothermodynamic environments are shown. Structural uncertainties inherent in the baseline simulations are identified, with turbulence modeling, precursor absorption, grid convergence, and radiation transport uncertainties combining for a +34 and 24% structural uncertainty on the radiative heating. A parametric uncertainty analysis, which assumes interval uncertainties, is presented. This analysis accounts for uncertainties in the radiation models, as well as heat of formation uncertainties in the flowfield model. Discussions and references are provided to support the uncertainty range chosen for each parameter. A parametric uncertainty of +47 and 28% is computed for the stagnation-point radiative heating for the 15 km/s Mars-return case. A breakdown of the largest individual uncertainty contributors is presented, which includes C-3 Swings cross section, photoionization edge shift, and Opacity Project atomic lines. Combining the structural and parametric uncertainty components results in a total uncertainty of +81 and 52% for the Mars-return case. C1 [Johnston, Christopher O.; Mazaheri, Alireza; Gnoffo, Peter; Kleb, Bil] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bose, Deepak] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program FX The authors would like to thank NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program for funding this work and James L. Brown (NASA Ames), Scott Berry (NASA Langley), Brain Hollis (NASA Langley), and Joseph G. Marvin (ERC Corporation) for their comments and recommendations as members of the Uncertainty Quantification Team. NR 144 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.2514/1.A32254 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800003 ER PT J AU Johnston, CO Sutton, K Prabhu, D Bose, D AF Johnston, Christopher O. Sutton, Kenneth Prabhu, Dinesh Bose, Deepak TI Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry, Part 2: Comparisons with 1960s-Era Shock-Tube Measurements SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL EMISSION COEFFICIENT; LINE RADIATION; AIR; CONDUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; PLASMA AB The computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 (Johnston et al., "Assessment of Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry Part 1: Flight Simulation Modeling and Uncertainty," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2013, pp. 19-38.) for Mars-return radiative heating simulations are applied to 1960s era shock-tube and constricted-arc experimental cases. It is shown that these experiments contain shock-layer temperatures and radiative flux values relevant to the Mars-return cases of present interest. Comparisons between the predictions and measurements, accounting for the uncertainty in both, are made for a range of experiments. A measure of comparison quality is defined, which consists of the percent overlap of the predicted uncertainty bar with the corresponding measurement uncertainty bar. For nearly all cases, this percent overlap is greater than zero, and for most of the higher temperature cases (T > 13,000 K), it is greater than 50%. These favorable comparisons provide evidence that the baseline computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 are adequate for Mars-return simulations. C1 [Johnston, Christopher O.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. [Sutton, Kenneth] NIA, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. [Prabhu, Dinesh] ERG Corp, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Bose, Deepak] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Johnston, CO (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. FU NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program; NASA [NNA10DE12C] FX The authors would like to thank NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program for funding this work. Dinesh Prabhu was supported by NASA contract NNA10DE12C to ERC Corporation. The authors thank James L. Brown (NASA Ames), Scott Berry (NASA Langley), Brain Hollis (NASA Langley), and Joseph G. Marvin (ERC Corporation) for their comments and recommendations as members of the Uncertainty Quantification Team. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.2514/1.A32483 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800004 ER PT J AU Johnston, CO Brandis, AM Bose, D AF Johnston, Christopher O. Brandis, Aaron M. Bose, Deepak TI Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry, Part 3: Comparisons with Electric Arc Shock-Tube Measurements SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE RETURN CAPSULE AB The computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 (Johnston et al., "Assessment of Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry Part 1: Flight Simulation Modeling and Uncertainty," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2013) for Mars-return radiative heating simulations are applied to Electric Arc Shock-Tube cases. These experimental cases contain wavelength-dependent intensity measurements in a wavelength range that covers 60% of the radiative intensity for the 11 km/s, 5 m radius flight case studied in Part 1. Comparisons between the predictions and Electric Arc Shock-Tube measurements are made for a range of experiments. The uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 is applied to each prediction, and comparisons are made using the metrics defined in Part 2 (Johnston et al., "Assessment of Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry Part 2: Comparison with 1960s-Era Shock-Tube Measurements," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2013). The agreement between predictions and measurements is excellent for velocities greater than 10.5 km/s. Both the wavelength-dependent and wavelength-integrated intensities agree within 30% for nearly all cases considered. This agreement provides confidence in the computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1, and provides further evidence that this approach is adequate for Mars-return simulations. Existing experimental data that include the influence of massive ablation on radiative heating are reviewed. It is concluded that existing data are not sufficient for the present uncertainty analysis. Experiments to capture the influence of massive ablation on radiation are suggested as future work, along with further studies of the radiative precursor and improvements in the radiation properties of ablation products. C1 [Johnston, Christopher O.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. [Brandis, Aaron M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Bose, Deepak] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Johnston, CO (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. FU NASA [NAS2-03/44] FX The authors would like to thank NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program for funding this work. Aaron Brandis was supported by NASA contract NAS2-03/44 to University Affiliated Research Center, University of California Santa Cruz. The authors thank James L. Brown (NASA Ames), Scott Berry (NASA Langley), Brain Hollis (NASA Langley), and Joseph G. Marvin (ERC Corporation) for their comments and recommendations as members of the Uncertainty Quantification Team. Also, the assistance of Brett Cruden (NASA Ames) in analyzing the Electric Arc Shock Tube data is greatly appreciated. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.2514/1.A32484 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800005 ER PT J AU Hollis, BR Prabhu, DK AF Hollis, Brian R. Prabhu, Dinesh K. TI Assessment of Laminar, Convective Aeroheating Prediction Uncertainties for Mars-Entry Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENTHALPY AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; RELAXATION AB An assessment of computational uncertainties is presented for numerical methods used by NASA to predict laminar, convective aeroheating environments for Mars-entry vehicles. A survey was conducted of existing experimental heat transfer and shock-shape data for high-enthalpy reacting-gas CO2 flows, and five relevant test series were selected for comparison with predictions. Solutions were generated at the experimental test conditions using NASA state-of-the-art computational tools and compared with these data. The comparisons were evaluated to establish predictive uncertainties as a function of total enthalpy and to provide guidance for future experimental testing requirements to help lower these uncertainties. C1 [Hollis, Brian R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Prabhu, Dinesh K.] ERC Corp, Aerothermodynam Branch, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Hollis, BR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Hypersonics Project FX This work was supported by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Hypersonics Project. The authors wish to thank the other members of the Uncertainty Assessment Task Force for their contributions and discussions: Deepak Bose and Jirn Brown at NASA Ames Research Center and Scott Berry, Peter Gnoffo, and Chris Johnston at NASA Langley Research Center. The authors also wish to acknowledge the original work performed by the researchers who generated the data presented herein, including Dave Stewart, Y. K. Chen, and Michael Wright at NASA Ames; Michael Holden, Matt MacLean, and Tim Wadhams at CUBRC; and Mann Sharma at the University of Illinois. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.2514/1.A32257 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800006 ER PT J AU Gnoffo, PA Berry, SA Van Norman, JW AF Gnoffo, Peter A. Berry, Scott A. Van Norman, John W. TI Uncertainty Assessments of Hypersonic Shock Wave-Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions at Compression Corners SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SKIN FRICTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOWS; MODELS AB Simulations of a shock emanating from a compression corner and interacting with a fully developed turbulent boundary layer are evaluated herein. Mission-relevant conditions at Mach 7 and Mach 14 are defined for a precompression ramp of a scramjet-powered vehicle. Two compression angles are defined: the smallest to avoid separation losses and the largest to force higher temperature flow physics. The Baldwin-Lomax and the Cebeci-Smith algebraic models, the one-equation Spalart Allmaras model with the Catrix-Aupoix compressibility modification, and two-equation models, including the Menter shear stress transport model and the Wilcox k-omega 98 and k-omega 06 turbulence models, are evaluated. Comparisons are made to existing experimental data and Van Driest theory to provide preliminary assessment of model-form uncertainty. A set of coarse-grained uncertainly metrics are defined to capture essential differences among turbulence models. There is no clearly superior model as judged by these metrics. A preliminary metric for the numerical component of uncertainty in shock-turbulent-boundary-layer interactions at compression corners sufficiently steep to cause separation is defined as 55%. This value is a median of differences with experimental data averaged for peak pressure and heating and for extent of separation captured in new grid-converged solutions presented here. C1 [Gnoffo, Peter A.; Berry, Scott A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Van Norman, John W.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Gnoffo, PA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program FX This work was sponsored by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program. The authors thank Matt MacLean of Calspan - University of Buffalo Research Center (CUBRC) for many helpful discussions, for providing digital copies of the experimental data associated with their test program and for providing DPLR runs on shared grids. The authors thank Robert Baurle of NASA Langley for providing new Vulcan runs on CUBRC run 54. The larger uncertainty quantification team includes Scott Berry, Deepak Bose, Jim Brown, Peter Gnoffo, Brian Hollis, Chris Johnston, Joe Marvin, and Dinesh Prabhu, all providing valuable insights and recommendations as work progressed on respective mission-relevant problems. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 69 EP 95 DI 10.2514/1.A32250 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800007 ER PT J AU Brown, JL AF Brown, James L. TI Hypersonic Shock Wave Impingement on Turbulent Boundary Layers: Computational Analysis and Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID WEDGE-COMPRESSION CORNER; SKIN-FRICTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOW; VALIDATION; MODELS; EQUATION AB Current status of computational uncertainty for impinging hypersonic shock wave turbulent boundary-layer interactions (SWTBLIs) is evaluated by comparison of computational results with vetted experiments. Employed is one of NASA's production real gas Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes finite volume codes, DPLR, along with several commonly used turbulence models. Uncertainty and residual errors, inherent to the analysis and turbulence model implementation, are numerically evaluated for physics quantities of interest. These uncertainty results should prove of value to computational practitioners and developers and to designers making use of modern computational methods to innovate and develop hypersonic hardware such as prototype scramjet engines. Reported are statistical means, variances, and confidence limits of uncertainty measures for the physics quantities of interest to reveal the certitude with which computations of impinging hypersonic SWTBLIs can be relied. A hybrid computational fluid dynamics correlation approach yields improved peak heating estimates in the vicinity of SWIBLIs. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, MS 230-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program: Hypersonics project FX This research was sponsored by NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program: Hypersonics project. The interest, leadership, and support of Deepak Bose (Associate Project Investigator, Hypersonics) are gratefully acknowledged. Technical discussions on turbulent physics and uncertainty with Joseph G. Marvin and Nagi N. Mansour were most helpful. The professional skills and kind efforts of the NASA Ames Research Center library staff, particularly those of Kathy Ponce and Dan Pappas, are much appreciated. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 96 EP 123 DI 10.2514/1.A32259 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800008 ER PT J AU Milos, FS Chen, YK AF Milos, F. S. Chen, Y. -K. TI Ablation, Thermal Response, and Chemistry Program for Analysis of Thermal Protection Systems SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The fully implicit ablation and thermal response program was upgraded by incorporation of key features from the multicomponent ablation thermochemistry code. The upgraded program now has expanded capabilities to compute the multispecies surface chemistry and the ablation rate as part of the surface energy balance. This new methodology eliminates B' tables, provides blown species as a function of time, and enables calculations that would otherwise be impractical (tables with four or more independent variables) or impossible (such as stacked pyrolyzing ablators). Equations and solution procedures are presented, then representative calculations of equilibrium and nonequilibrium ablation in flight and ground-test environments are discussed. C1 [Milos, F. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chen, Y. -K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Milos, FS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat Branch, MS 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA Engineering and Safety Center; NASA Innovation Fund; Entry Descent and Landing Technology Development Project; NASA-SCAP FX This work was supported by the NASA Engineering and Safety Center, the NASA Innovation Fund, and the Entry Descent and Landing Technology Development Project. We acknowledge NASA-SCAP for their critical financial support of the arcjet operational capability at Ames Research Center. The authors greatly appreciate the assistance of P. Agrawal, D. Driver, M. Olson, and K. Skokova for arcjet test data and of D. Kinney for Orion environments. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.2514/1.A32302 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800010 ER PT J AU Pamadi, BN Tartabini, PV Toniolo, MD Roithmayr, CM Karlgaard, CD Samareh, JA AF Pamadi, Bandu N. Tartabini, Paul V. Toniolo, Mathew D. Roithmayr, Carlos M. Karlgaard, Christopher D. Samareh, Jamshid A. TI Application of Constraint Force Equation Methodology for Launch Vehicle Stage Separation SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB The constraint force equation methodology implemented in the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II was used to simulate the Space Shuttle solid rocket booster separation dynamics. These results compared well with the flight test data. This exercise was done as a test/validation for application of constraint force equation methodology to launch vehicle stage separation problems. C1 [Pamadi, Bandu N.; Tartabini, Paul V.; Roithmayr, Carlos M.; Samareh, Jamshid A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Pamadi, BN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.2514/1.A32048 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800015 ER PT J AU Carson, JM Bayard, DS Acikmese, B AF Carson, John M., III Bayard, David S. Acikmese, Behcet TI In-Flight Dynamical Method to Verify Sample Collection for Small-Body Sample-Return Mission SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID HAYABUSA AB An in-flight dynamical method is introduced for use by sample-collection missions to identify the presence and quantity of collected sample material. The method, denoted as G-Sample, implements a maximum-likelihood estimator to identify the collected sample mass, based on onboard force-sensor measurements, thruster firings, and a dynamics model of the spacecraft. In terms of hardware, G-Sample requires only a force sensor. Hardware complexities are avoided by treating sample mass determination largely as a computational problem in modern estimation, rather than requiring the need for additional specialized equipment or sophisticated sensing architectures. Simulation examples are provided for a spacecraft configuration with a sample-collection device mounted on the end of an extended boom. In one representative example, a 1000 g sample mass is estimated to within 110 g (95% confidence) under realistic assumptions of thruster profile error, spacecraft parameter uncertainty, and sensor noise. For convenience to future mission design, an overall sample-mass estimation error budget is developed to approximate the effect of model uncertainty, sensor noise, data rate, and thrust profile error on the expected estimate of collected sample mass. C1 [Carson, John M., III; Bayard, David S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control Hardware & Testbed Dev, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Acikmese, Behcet] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Carson, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control Hardware & Testbed Dev, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA; internal Research and Technology Development program FX We gratefully acknowledge the comments and suggestions from Marco B. Quadrelli of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in the dynamics modeling of the spacecraft. Additionally, we would like to thank Michael E. Lisano, Mark S. Wallace, Matthew A. Orzewalla, and Michael B. Meacham for their assistance in developing a representative spacecraft configuration for use in the analysis of the identification method. This research was carried out at JPL, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, and funded through the internal Research and Technology Development program. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 230 EP 243 DI 10.2514/1.A32273 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800018 ER PT J AU Acharya, S Alvarado, J Banerjee, D Billups, WE Chen, G Cola, BA Cross, W Duke, E Graham, S He, H Hong, H Jin, S Karna, S Li, C Li, CH Li, J Peterson, GP Puszynski, JA Routbort, J Shan, J Shin, D Smirnova, A Smith, P Wang, X Waynick, A White, R Yan, X Yu, W AF Acharya, S. Alvarado, J. Banerjee, D. Billups, W. E. Chen, G. Cola, B. A. Cross, W. Duke, E. Graham, S., Jr. He, H. Hong, H. Jin, S. Karna, S. Li, C. Li, C. H. Li, J. Peterson, G. P. Puszynski, J. A. Routbort, J. Shan, J. Shin, D. Smirnova, A. Smith, P. Wang, X. Waynick, A. White, R. Yan, X. Yu, W. TI Report on Carbon Nano Material Workshop: Challenges and Opportunities SO NANOSCALE AND MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE carbon nanomaterial; thermal property; nanofluids; carbon nanotube; graphene AB The objective of this workshop was to focus on new directions in carbon nanomaterial research, with a particular focus on new frontiers in nanotube alignment and applications of nanofluids. The first Carbon Nano Material Workshop was held at the Radisson Hotel, Rapid City, South Dakota, from October 30 to November 1, 2011, and was organized by Dr. G. P. Bud Peterson, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Dr. Haiping Hong, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. More than 70 people from various government agencies, national labs, universities, and industries attended the workshop. The workshop agenda follows. The workshop included keynote plenary sessions and invited and contributed sessions, as well as a dedicated poster session of selected presentations assembled from an open call for papers. C1 [Acharya, S.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA USA. [Alvarado, J.; Banerjee, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Billups, W. E.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX USA. [Chen, G.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cola, B. A.; Graham, S., Jr.; Peterson, G. P.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cross, W.; Hong, H.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Duke, E.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, South Dakota NASA EPSCoR, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [He, H.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Jin, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Karna, S.; Smith, P.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Li, C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Li, C. H.] Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Li, J.] NASA, Ctr Nanotechnol, Ames Res Lab, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Puszynski, J. A.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Routbort, J.; Yu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shan, J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Shin, D.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Smirnova, A.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Wang, X.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Waynick, A.] NCH Corp, R&D Div, Irving, TX USA. [White, R.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Off Res, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Yan, X.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Hong, H (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, 501 St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Haiping.Hong@sdsmt.edu RI Cola, Baratunde/N-1903-2013; YAN, Xingzhong/B-5074-2011; Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014; Li, Calvin Hong/B-6905-2009; OI Cola, Baratunde/0000-0003-1268-9573; Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530; Alvarado, Jorge/0000-0002-4059-6588 FU South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Georgia Institute of Technology; U.S. Army Research Laboratory; South Dakota NASA Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR); National Science Foundation FX This workshop was financially supported by the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, the Georgia Institute of Technology, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, the South Dakota NASA Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and the National Science Foundation. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7265 EI 1556-7273 J9 NANOSC MICROSC THERM JI Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 17 IS 1 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1080/15567265.2012.745912 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 105IA UT WOS:000316059000002 ER PT J AU Sung, MK Ham, YG Kug, JS An, SI AF Sung, Mi-Kyung Ham, Yoo-Geun Kug, Jong-Seong An, Soon-Il TI An alterative effect by the tropical North Atlantic SST in intraseasonally varying El Nino teleconnection over the North Atlantic SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ENSO teleconnection; NAO; tropical North Atlantic SST ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LEVEL PRESSURE ANOMALIES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; EUROPEAN REGION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE; AMERICAN PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; WEATHER REGIMES AB It is known that there is a distinct intraseasonal variation in wintertime atmospheric responses to El Nino over the North Atlantic, namely a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like response during early winter (November to December) and a negative NAO-like response during late winter (January to March). In this article, we suggest that the tropical North Atlantic (TNAL) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) significantly alter the North Atlantic atmospheric response to El Nino: the warm TNAL SST condition intensifies the negative NAO-like response and vice versa. During late El Nino winters, the TNAL SST tends to increase due to the atmospheric bridge between the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. The warm tendency in the TNAL SST can intensify the height contrast in the El Nino teleconnection between early and late winter. During early winter (when the response of the TNAL SST to El Nino has not been established yet), atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic varies widely under various TNAL conditions. Consequently, the average influence of El Nino over the North Atlantic region becomes weaker in the early winter. By contrast, the overall warming over the TNAL region during the late El Nino winter is conducive to the formation of a negative NAO pattern. As a result, the climatic impact becomes stronger during the late winter. C1 [Sung, Mi-Kyung; An, Soon-Il] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Ham, Yoo-Geun] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ham, Yoo-Geun] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kug, Jong-Seong] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. RP An, SI (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sian@yonsei.ac.kr RI AN, SOON-IL/E-5721-2013; KUG, JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013 FU Polar Academic Program (PAP) at the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); KIOST [PE98991, PE99162] FX This work was supported by the Polar Academic Program (PAP) at the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI). JSK was supported by KIOST (PE98991, PE99162). NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2013 VL 65 AR 19863 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.19863 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 107HE UT WOS:000316205400001 ER PT S AU Strekalov, DV Erkmen, BI Yu, N AF Strekalov, Dmitry V. Erkmen, Baris I. Yu, Nan GP IOP TI Ghost Imaging of Space Objects SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Laser Physics Workshop CY JUL 23-27, 2012 CL Calgary, CANADA ID INTENSITY INTERFEROMETER; THERMAL LIGHT AB The term "ghost imaging" was coined in 1995 when an optical correlation measurement in combination with an entangled photon-pair source was used to image a mask placed in one optical channel by raster-scanning a detector in the other, empty, optical channel. Later, it was shown that the entangled photon source could be replaced with thermal sources of light, which are abundantly available as natural illumination sources. It was also shown that the bucket detector could be replaced with a remote point-like detector, opening the possibility to remote-sensing imaging applications. In this paper, we discuss the application of ghost-imaging-like techniques to astronomy, with the objective of detecting intensity-correlation signatures resulting from space objects of interest, such as exo-planets, gas clouds, and gravitational lenses. An important aspect of being able to utilize ghost imaging in astronomy, is the recognition that in interstellar imaging geometries the object of interest can act as an effective beam splitter, yielding detectable variations in the intensity-correlation signature. C1 [Strekalov, Dmitry V.; Erkmen, Baris I.; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Strekalov, DV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dmitry.v.strekalov@jpl.nasa.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 414 AR 012037 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/414/1/012037 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDW69 UT WOS:000315404300037 ER PT J AU Belikov, DA Maksyutov, S Krol, M Fraser, A Rigby, M Bian, H Agusti-Panareda, A Bergmann, D Bousquet, P Cameron-Smith, P Chipperfield, MP Fortems-Cheiney, A Gloor, E Haynes, K Hess, P Houweling, S Kawa, SR Law, RM Loh, Z Meng, L Palmer, PI Patra, PK Prinn, RG Saito, R Wilson, C AF Belikov, D. A. Maksyutov, S. Krol, M. Fraser, A. Rigby, M. Bian, H. Agusti-Panareda, A. Bergmann, D. Bousquet, P. Cameron-Smith, P. Chipperfield, M. P. Fortems-Cheiney, A. Gloor, E. Haynes, K. Hess, P. Houweling, S. Kawa, S. R. Law, R. M. Loh, Z. Meng, L. Palmer, P. I. Patra, P. K. Prinn, R. G. Saito, R. Wilson, C. TI Off-line algorithm for calculation of vertical tracer transport in the troposphere due to deep convection SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OBSERVED RADON PROFILES; CUMULUS CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; CLOUD ENSEMBLE; PRECIPITATION; RN-222; PARAMETERIZATION AB A modified cumulus convection parametrisation scheme is presented. This scheme computes the mass of air transported upward in a cumulus cell using conservation of moisture and a detailed distribution of convective precipitation provided by a reanalysis dataset. The representation of vertical transport within the scheme includes entrainment and detrainment processes in convective updrafts and downdrafts. Output from the proposed parametrisation scheme is employed in the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) global chemical transport model driven by JRA-25/JCDAS reanalysis. The simulated convective precipitation rate and mass fluxes are compared with observations and reanalysis data. A simulation of the short-lived tracer Rn-222 is used to further evaluate the performance of the cumulus convection scheme. Simulated distributions of Rn-222 are evaluated against observations at the surface and in the free troposphere, and compared with output from models that participated in the TransCom-CH4 Transport Model Intercomparison. From this comparison, we demonstrate that the proposed convective scheme in general is consistent with observed and modeled results. C1 [Belikov, D. A.; Maksyutov, S.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Belikov, D. A.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Div Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Krol, M.; Houweling, S.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M.; Houweling, S.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Fraser, A.; Palmer, P. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rigby, M.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Bian, H.; Kawa, S. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Agusti-Panareda, A.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bousquet, P.; Fortems-Cheiney, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines UVSQ, GIF YVETTE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chipperfield, M. P.; Gloor, E.; Wilson, C.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Haynes, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Haynes, K.; Law, R. M.; Loh, Z.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Hess, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Meng, L.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Meng, L.] Western Michigan Univ, Environm Studies Program, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Patra, P. K.; Saito, R.] Res Inst Global Change JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Belikov, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM dmitry.belikov@nies.go.jp RI Belikov, Dmitry/I-9877-2016; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Fraser, Annemarie/D-3874-2012; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Meng, Lei/H-5253-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015 OI Wilson, Chris/0000-0001-8494-0697; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796 NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1114 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1093-2013 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LR UT WOS:000315406100001 ER PT J AU Morris, GA Labow, G Akimoto, H Takigawa, M Fujiwara, M Hasebe, F Hirokawa, J Koide, T AF Morris, G. A. Labow, G. Akimoto, H. Takigawa, M. Fujiwara, M. Hasebe, F. Hirokawa, J. Koide, T. TI On the use of the correction factor with Japanese ozonesonde data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC COLUMN OZONE; LONG-TERM CHANGES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERIC OZONE; STOIC 1989; NIMBUS 7; TRENDS; STRATOSPHERE; VALIDATION; TOMS AB In submitting data to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Center (WOUDC), numerous ozonesonde stations include a correction factor (CF) that multiplies ozone concentration profile data so that the columns computed agree with column measurements from co-located ground-based and/or overpassing satellite instruments. We evaluate this practice through an examination of data from four Japanese ozonesonde stations: Kagoshima, Naha, Sapporo, and Tsukuba. While agreement between the sonde columns and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) or Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI) is improved by use of the CF, agreement between the sonde ozone concentrations reported near the surface and data from surface monitors near the launch sites is negatively impacted. In addition, we find the agreement between the mean sonde columns without the CF and the ground-based Dobson instrument columns is improved by similar to 1.5% by using the McPeters et al. (1997) balloon burst climatology rather than the constant mixing ratio assumption (that has been used for the data in the WOUDC archive) for the above burst height column estimate. Limited comparisons of coincident ozonesonde profiles from Hokkaido University with those in the WOUDC database suggest that while the application of the CFs in the stratosphere improves agreement, it negatively impacts the agreement in the troposphere. Finally and importantly, unexplained trends and changing trends in the CFs appear over the last 20 years. The overall trend in the reported CFs for the four Japanese ozonesonde stations from 1990-2010 is (-0.264+/-0.036) x 10(-2) yr(-1); but from 1993-1999 the trend is (-2.18+/-0.14) x 10(-2) yr(-1) and from 1999-2009 is (1.089+/-0.075) x 10(-2) yr(-1), resulting in a statistically significant difference in CF trends between these two periods of (3.26+/-0.16) x 10(-2) yr(-1). Repeating the analysis using CFs derived from columns computed using the balloon-burst climatology, the trends are somewhat reduced, but remain statistically significant. Given our analysis, we recommend the following: (1) use of the balloon burst climatology is preferred to a constant mixing ratio assumption for determining total column ozone with sonde data; (2) if CFs are applied, their application should probably be restricted to altitudes above the tropopause; (3) only sondes that reach at least 32 km (10.5 hPa) before bursting should be used in data validation and/or ozone trend studies if the constant mixing ratio assumption is used to calculate the above burst column (as is the case for much of the data in the WOUDC archive). Using the balloon burst climatology, sondes that burst above 29 km (similar to 16 hPa), and perhaps lower, can be used; and (4) all ozone trend studies employing Japanese sonde data should be revisited after a careful examination of the impact of the CF on the calculated ozone trends. C1 [Morris, G. A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Labow, G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Labow, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Akimoto, H.] Asia Ctr Air Pollut Res, Niigata, Japan. [Takigawa, M.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Fujiwara, M.; Hasebe, F.; Hirokawa, J.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Koide, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Atmospher Environm Div, Tokyo, Japan. RP Morris, GA (reprint author), Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. EM gary.morris@valpo.edu FU Japan-U.S. Educational Commission; NASA FX Funding for this work was provided by a Fulbright Scholar Grant from the Japan-U.S. Educational Commission and NASA's Aura Data Validation Program (D. Considine and E. Hilsenrath, program managers). Special thanks to my hosts in Japan during my Fulbright. We thank reviewer Neil Harris and the other anonymous reviewer for very helpful comments that have led to significant improvements in the final version of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1243 EP 1260 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1243-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LR UT WOS:000315406100010 ER PT J AU Steiner, AK Hunt, D Ho, SP Kirchengast, G Mannucci, AJ Scherllin-Pirscher, B Gleisner, H von Engeln, A Schmidt, T Ao, C Leroy, SS Kursinski, ER Foelsche, U Gorbunov, M Heise, S Kuo, YH Lauritsen, B Marquardt, C Rocken, C Schreiner, W Sokolovskiy, S Syndergaard, S Wickert, J AF Steiner, A. K. Hunt, D. Ho, S. -P. Kirchengast, G. Mannucci, A. J. Scherllin-Pirscher, B. Gleisner, H. von Engeln, A. Schmidt, T. Ao, C. Leroy, S. S. Kursinski, E. R. Foelsche, U. Gorbunov, M. Heise, S. Kuo, Y. -H. Lauritsen, B. Marquardt, C. Rocken, C. Schreiner, W. Sokolovskiy, S. Syndergaard, S. Wickert, J. TI Quantification of structural uncertainty in climate data records from GPS radio occultation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERIC PROFILES; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; BENDING ANGLES; TEMPERATURE; CHAMP; ASSIMILATION; REFRACTIVITY; RETRIEVAL AB Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) has provided continuous observations of the Earth's atmosphere since 2001 with global coverage, all-weather capability, and high accuracy and vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Precise time measurements enable long-term stability but careful processing is needed. Here we provide climate-oriented atmospheric scientists with multicenter-based results on the long-term stability of RO climatological fields for trend studies. We quantify the structural uncertainty of atmospheric trends estimated from the RO record, which arises from current processing schemes of six international RO processing centers, DMI Copenhagen, EUM Darmstadt, GFZ Potsdam, JPL Pasadena, UCAR Boulder, and WEGC Graz. Monthly-mean zonal-mean fields of bending angle, refractivity, dry pressure, dry geopotential height, and dry temperature from the CHAMP mission are compared for September 2001 to September 2008. We find that structural uncertainty is lowest in the tropics and mid-latitudes (50 degrees S to 50 degrees N) from 8 km to 25 km for all inspected RO variables. In this region, the structural uncertainty in trends over 7 yr is <0.03% for bending angle, refractivity, and pressure, <3m for geopotential height of pressure levels, and <0.06 K for temperature; low enough for detecting a climate change signal within about a decade. Larger structural uncertainty above about 25 km and at high latitudes is attributable to differences in the processing schemes, which undergo continuous improvements. Though current use of RO for reliable climate trend assessment is bound to 50 degrees S to 50 degrees N, our results show that quality, consistency, and reproducibility are favorable in the UTLS for the establishment of a climate benchmark record. C1 [Steiner, A. K.; Kirchengast, G.; Scherllin-Pirscher, B.; Foelsche, U.] Graz Univ, Wegener Ctr Climate & Global Change WEGC, Graz, Austria. [Steiner, A. K.; Kirchengast, G.; Scherllin-Pirscher, B.; Foelsche, U.] Graz Univ, Inst Geophys Astrophys & Meteorol, Inst Phys IGAM IP, Graz, Austria. [Steiner, A. K.] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Hunt, D.; Ho, S. -P.; Scherllin-Pirscher, B.; Kuo, Y. -H.; Rocken, C.; Schreiner, W.; Sokolovskiy, S.] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res UCAR, COSMIC Project Off, Boulder, CO USA. [Mannucci, A. J.; Ao, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gleisner, H.; Lauritsen, B.; Syndergaard, S.] Danish Meteorol Inst DMI, Copenhagen, Denmark. [von Engeln, A.; Marquardt, C.] EUMETSAT EUM, Darmstadt, Germany. [Schmidt, T.; Heise, S.; Wickert, J.] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Dept Geodesy & Remote Sensing, Potsdam, Germany. [Leroy, S. S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kursinski, E. R.] Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gorbunov, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Steiner, AK (reprint author), Graz Univ, Wegener Ctr Climate & Global Change WEGC, Graz, Austria. EM andi.steiner@uni-graz.at RI Schmidt, Torsten/A-7142-2013; Wickert, Jens/A-7257-2013; Heise, Stefan/K-2190-2013; Kirchengast, Gottfried/D-4990-2016; Syndergaard, Stig/C-1103-2017; OI Schmidt, Torsten/0000-0001-9302-1000; Kirchengast, Gottfried/0000-0001-9187-937X; Syndergaard, Stig/0000-0003-3119-2618; Foelsche, Ulrich/0000-0002-9899-6453 FU Radio Occultation Meteorology Satellite Application Facility (ROM SAF); ERA-CLIM project, under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development of the European Commission (FP7); GEOTECHNOLOGIEN grant [03G0728A]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0918398/CSA, AGS-0939962]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P21642-N21, P22293-N21]; European Space Agency; FFG-ALR Austria FX We thank ECMWF Reading for access to their atmospheric re-analysis data. The DMI work was supported by the Radio Occultation Meteorology Satellite Application Facility (ROM SAF, formerly GRAS SAF) which is an operational RO processing center under EUMETSAT. DMI thanks K. R. Larsen for assistance in the processing of data. The work of EUM was partially funded by the ERA-CLIM project, under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development of the European Commission (FP7). The work of GFZ was supported by GEOTECHNOLOGIEN grant 03G0728A. The work of JPL, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work of UCAR was supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. AGS-0918398/CSA No. AGS-0939962. The work of WEGC was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grants P21642-N21 and P22293-N21 and partially by European Space Agency and FFG-ALR Austria contracts. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1469 EP 1484 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1469-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LR UT WOS:000315406100024 ER PT J AU Miller, TW Bosley, KL Shibata, J Brodeur, RD Omori, K Emmett, R AF Miller, Todd W. Bosley, Keith L. Shibata, Junya Brodeur, Richard D. Omori, Koji Emmett, Robert TI Contribution of prey to Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas in the northern California Current, revealed by stable isotope analyses SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humboldt squid; Dosidicus gigas; California Current; Stable isotopes; Bayesian mixing model; Trophic analysis; Prey ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-GAYI; JUMBO SQUID; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; STOMACH CONTENTS; RANGE EXPANSION; CURRENT SYSTEM; OMMASTREPHIDAE; CEPHALOPODA AB Diet studies have shown Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas to be aggressive opportunistic predators, yet this approach has provided only a limited and potentially biased view of their trophic feeding behavior. As an alternative, we measured the delta C-13 and delta N-15 of D. gigas and their prey from the northern California Current ecosystem (NCC) and applied stable isotope Bayesian mixing models (Stable Isotope Analysis in R [SIAR]) to assess if D. gigas isotopically matched NCC or southern California Current (SCC) migratory end-members and to examine the proportional trophic contributions of prey groups from the NCC to their diet. For the trophic SIAR model, cluster analysis of prey taxa by their respective delta C-13 and delta N-15 values was first applied to consolidate prey into groups, which were then incorporated into the model as source groups to the diet mixture. Model results from examination of NCC and SCC migratory end-members indicated greatest contributions from the NCC system, indicating D. gigas was more integrated with the regional NCC isotopic signature. From the trophic SIAR model, the results indicated mixed but lower trophic-level feeding by D. gigas relative to previous diet-based studies, with greatest contributions from macrozooplankton, ichthyoplankton, and nekton such as juvenile rockfish, market squid, sand lance, and juvenile Pacific hake. Sensitivity analyses of the SIAR model based on varying isotopic fractionation factors of delta C-13 and delta N-15 showed that proportional contributions of prey to squid diets were resilient to change. C1 [Miller, Todd W.; Shibata, Junya; Omori, Koji] Ehime Univ, Global Ctr Excellence, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Bosley, Keith L.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Emmett, Robert] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Miller, TW (reprint author), Ehime Univ, Global Ctr Excellence, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, 2-5 Bunkyo Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM toddomiller@gmail.com NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 52 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 477 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.3354/meps10133 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 103XR UT WOS:000315953300011 ER PT J AU Myhre, G Samset, BH Schulz, M Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, TK Bian, H Bellouin, N Chin, M Diehl, T Easter, RC Feichter, J Ghan, SJ Hauglustaine, D Iversen, T Kinne, S Kirkevag, A Lamarque, JF Lin, G Liu, X Lund, MT Luo, G Ma, X van Noije, T Penner, JE Rasch, PJ Ruiz, A Seland, O Skeie, RB Stier, P Takemura, T Tsigaridis, K Wang, P Wang, Z Xu, L Yu, H Yu, F Yoon, JH Zhang, K Zhang, H Zhou, C AF Myhre, G. Samset, B. H. Schulz, M. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. K. Bian, H. Bellouin, N. Chin, M. Diehl, T. Easter, R. C. Feichter, J. Ghan, S. J. Hauglustaine, D. Iversen, T. Kinne, S. Kirkevag, A. Lamarque, J. -F. Lin, G. Liu, X. Lund, M. T. Luo, G. Ma, X. van Noije, T. Penner, J. E. Rasch, P. J. Ruiz, A. Seland, O. Skeie, R. B. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Tsigaridis, K. Wang, P. Wang, Z. Xu, L. Yu, H. Yu, F. Yoon, J. -H. Zhang, K. Zhang, H. Zhou, C. TI Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; GLOBAL-MODEL; BLACK CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; DUST AEROSOLS AB We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 16 models have estimated the radiative forcing (RF) of the anthropogenic DAE, and have taken into account anthropogenic sulphate, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA) from fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass burning emissions. In addition several models have simulated the DAE of anthropogenic nitrate and anthropogenic influenced secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The model simulated all-sky RF of the DAE from total anthropogenic aerosols has a range from -0.58 to -0.02 Wm(-2), with a mean of -0.27 Wm(-2) for the 16 models. Several models did not include nitrate or SOA and modifying the estimate by accounting for this with information from the other AeroCom models reduces the range and slightly strengthens the mean. Modifying the model estimates for missing aerosol components and for the time period 1750 to 2010 results in a mean RF for the DAE of -0.35 Wm(-2). Compared to AeroCom Phase I (Schulz et al., 2006) we find very similar spreads in both total DAE and aerosol component RF. However, the RF of the total DAE is stronger negative and RF from BC from fossil fuel and biofuel emissions are stronger positive in the present study than in the previous AeroCom study. We find a tendency for models having a strong (positive) BC RF to also have strong (negative) sulphate or OA RF. This relationship leads to smaller uncertainty in the total RF of the DAE compared to the RF of the sum of the individual aerosol components. The spread in results for the individual aerosol components is substantial, and can be divided into diversities in burden, mass extinction coefficient (MEC), and normalized RF with respect to AOD. We find that these three factors give similar contributions to the spread in results. C1 [Myhre, G.; Samset, B. H.; Berntsen, T. K.; Lund, M. T.; Skeie, R. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Schulz, M.; Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Balkanski, Y.; Hauglustaine, D.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bauer, S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bauer, S.; Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bian, H.; Yu, H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bellouin, N.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.; Liu, X.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Easter, R. C.; Ghan, S. J.; Rasch, P. J.; Yoon, J. -H.; Zhang, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Feichter, J.; Kinne, S.; Zhang, K.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Iversen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lin, G.; Penner, J. E.; Xu, L.; Zhou, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Luo, G.; Ma, X.; Yu, F.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [van Noije, T.; Ruiz, A.; Wang, P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Ruiz, A.] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, LIFTEC, Zaragoza, Spain. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Wang, Z.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xu, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zhang, H.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Myhre, G (reprint author), CICERO, Oslo, Norway. EM gunnar.myhre@cicero.uio.no RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Lund, Marianne /J-6465-2016; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; ma, xiaoyan/D-2308-2014; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 OI Zhou, Cheng/0000-0001-9095-2846; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Lund, Marianne /0000-0001-9911-4160; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program; Office of Science Earth System Modeling Program; National Science Foundation; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06- 76RLO 1830]; FP6 project EUCAARI [34684]; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim project [207711/E10]; Research Council of Norway through the NOTUR/NorStore project; Norwegian Space Centre through PM-VRAE; EU project PEGASOS; EU project ACCESS; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403405]; US NSF [AGS-0942106]; NASA [NNX11AQ72G]; NASA-MAP [NNX09AK32G]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Research Council of Norway through the SLAC project; EU-project ECLIPSE FX S. Ghan, X. Liu, R. Easter, P. Rasch and J.-H. Yoon were funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program and by the Office of Science Earth System Modeling Program. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06- 76RLO 1830. Simulations of the ECHAM5-HAM, INCA, CAM4-Oslo and HadGEM2 models have been supported with funds from the FP6 project EUCAARI (Contract 34684). A. Kirkevag, T. Iversen and O. Seland (CAM4-Oslo) were supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, by the Norwegian Space Centre through PM-VRAE, and through the EU projects PEGASOS and ACCESS. H. Zhang and Z. Wang were funded by National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403405). G. Luo, X. Ma and F. Yu were funded by the US NSF (AGS-0942106) and NASA (NNX11AQ72G). K. Tsigaridis and S. Bauer were supported by NASA-MAP (NASA award NNX09AK32G). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. N. Bellouin was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). G. Myhre and B. Samset were funded by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim and SLAC projects and the EU-project ECLIPSE. NR 94 TC 180 Z9 183 U1 16 U2 145 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1853 EP 1877 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600010 ER PT J AU Wang, J Park, S Zeng, J Ge, C Yang, K Carn, S Krotkov, N Omar, AH AF Wang, J. Park, S. Zeng, J. Ge, C. Yang, K. Carn, S. Krotkov, N. Omar, A. H. TI Modeling of 2008 Kasatochi volcanic sulfate direct radiative forcing: assimilation of OMI SO2 plume height data and comparison with MODIS and CALIOP observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; PINATUBO ERUPTION; AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; CLOUD; PARAMETERIZATION; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; CLIMATE AB Volcanic SO2 column amount and injection height retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with the Extended Iterative Spectral Fitting (EISF) technique are used to initialize a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem) to simulate the atmospheric transport and lifecycle of volcanic SO2 and sulfate aerosol from the 2008 Kasatochi eruption, and to subsequently estimate the direct shortwave, top-of-the-atmosphere radiative forcing of the volcanic sulfate aerosol. Analysis shows that the integrated use of OMI SO2 plume height in GEOS-Chem yields: (a) good agreement of the temporal evolution of 3-D volcanic sulfate distributions between model simulations and satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP), and (b) an e-folding time for volcanic SO2 that is consistent with OMI measurements, reflecting SO2 oxidation in the upper troposphere and stratosphere is reliably represented in the model. However, a consistent (similar to 25 %) low bias is found in the GEOS-Chem simulated SO2 burden, and is likely due to a high (similar to 20 %) bias of cloud liquid water amount (as compared to the MODIS cloud product) and the resultant stronger SO2 oxidation in the GEOS meteorological data during the first week after eruption when part of SO2 underwent aqueous-phase oxidation in clouds. Radiative transfer calculations show that the forcing by Kasatochi volcanic sulfate aerosol becomes negligible 6 months after the eruption, but its global average over the first month is -1.3 Wm(-2), with the majority of the forcing-influenced region located north of 20 degrees N, and with daily peak values up to -2 Wm(-2) on days 16-17. Sensitivity experiments show that every 2 km decrease of SO2 injection height in the GEOS-Chem simulations will result in a similar to 25% decrease in volcanic sulfate forcing; similar sensitivity but opposite sign also holds for a 0.03 mu m increase of geometric radius of the volcanic aerosol particles. Both sensitivities highlight the need to characterize the SO2 plume height and aerosol particle size from space. While more research efforts are warranted, this study is among the first to assimilate both satellite-based SO2 plume height and amount into a chemical transport model for an improved simulation of volcanic SO2 and sulfate transport. C1 [Wang, J.; Park, S.; Zeng, J.; Ge, C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Yang, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Carn, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Yang, K.; Krotkov, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Omar, A. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Ge, C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Ge, Cui/I-6353-2016; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Ge, Cui/0000-0002-6182-6856; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 FU NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program [NNX10AG60G]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX This study is supported by NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (NNX10AG60G) managed by Richard S. Eckman, and NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal B. Maring. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1895 EP 1912 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1895-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600012 ER PT J AU Young, PJ Archibald, AT Bowman, KW Lamarque, JF Naik, V Stevenson, DS Tilmes, S Voulgarakis, A Wild, O Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Cionni, I Collins, WJ Dalsoren, SB Doherty, RM Eyring, V Faluvegi, G Horowitz, LW Josse, B Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T Plummer, DA Righi, M Rumbold, ST Skeie, RB Shindell, DT Strode, SA Sudo, K Szopa, S Zeng, G AF Young, P. J. Archibald, A. T. Bowman, K. W. Lamarque, J. -F. Naik, V. Stevenson, D. S. Tilmes, S. Voulgarakis, A. Wild, O. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Cionni, I. Collins, W. J. Dalsoren, S. B. Doherty, R. M. Eyring, V. Faluvegi, G. Horowitz, L. W. Josse, B. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. Plummer, D. A. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. B. Shindell, D. T. Strode, S. A. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Zeng, G. TI Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; METHANE EMISSION CONTROLS; AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; SURFACE OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MULTIMODEL ASSESSMENT; TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT; FUTURE CHANGES AB Present day tropospheric ozone and its changes between 1850 and 2100 are considered, analysing 15 global models that participated in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). The ensemble mean compares well against present day observations. The seasonal cycle correlates well, except for some locations in the tropical upper troposphere. Most (75%) of the models are encompassed with a range of global mean tropospheric ozone column estimates from satellite data, but there is a suggestion of a high bias in the Northern Hemisphere and a low bias in the Southern Hemisphere, which could indicate deficiencies with the ozone precursor emissions. Compared to the present day ensemble mean tropospheric ozone burden of 337 +/- 23 Tg, the ensemble mean burden for 1850 time slice is similar to 30% lower. Future changes were modelled using emissions and climate projections from four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Compared to 2000, the relative changes in the ensemble mean tropospheric ozone burden in 2030 (2100) for the different RCPs are: -4% (-16%) for RCP2.6, 2% (-7%) for RCP4.5, 1% (-9%) for RCP6.0, and 7% (18%) for RCP8.5. Model agreement on the magnitude of the change is greatest for larger changes. Reductions in most precursor emissions are common across the RCPs and drive ozone decreases in all but RCP8.5, where doubled methane and a 40-150% greater stratospheric influx (estimated from a subset of models) increase ozone. While models with a high ozone burden for the present day also have high ozone burdens for the other time slices, no model consistently predicts large or small ozone changes; i.e. the magnitudes of the burdens and burden changes do not appear to be related simply, and the models are sensitive to emissions and climate changes in different ways. Spatial patterns of ozone changes are well correlated across most models, but are notably different for models without time evolving stratospheric ozone concentrations. A unified approach to ozone budget specifications and a rigorous investigation of the factors that drive tropospheric ozone is recommended to help future studies attribute ozone changes and inter-model differences more clearly. C1 [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Archibald, A. T.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Archibald, A. T.] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Bowman, K. W.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.; Tilmes, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stevenson, D. S.; Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Young, P. J.; Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Collins, W. J.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.; Skeie, R. B.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Eyring, V.; Righi, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Josse, B.] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, CNRS, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.] Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Szopa, S.] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Young, PJ (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. EM paul.j.young@lancaster.ac.uk RI Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC); Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects; US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Norwegian Research Council; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project; ENEA National Integrated Model; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; DECC [GA01101]; Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; UK research council [NE/I008063/1]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation FX ACCMIP is organised under the auspices of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects, which fall under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP) respectively. The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. For CESM-CAM-superfast, DB and PC were funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER) and simulations were performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and using the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were completed within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. DP would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. For EMAC, the work of VE and MR was funded by the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), and the work of IC was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. For the GISS models, support is acknowledged from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. For HadGEM2, WJC and STR were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer centre of the CEA. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS and supercomputing time was provided by the Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing centre. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). For UM-CAM, GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. NR 121 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 6 U2 124 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 2063 EP 2090 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600022 ER PT J AU Beck, PSA Andreu-Hayles, L D'Arrigo, R Anchukaitis, KJ Tucker, CJ Pinzon, JE Goetz, SJ AF Beck, Pieter S. A. Andreu-Hayles, Laia D'Arrigo, Rosanne Anchukaitis, Kevin J. Tucker, Compton J. Pinzon, Jorge E. Goetz, Scott J. TI A large-scale coherent signal of canopy status in maximum latewood density of tree rings at arctic treeline in North America SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; arctic tundra; high latitudes; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; remote sensing; tree ring ID TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; TRACHEID DIMENSIONS; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; SUMMER TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NDVI DATA; GROWTH; ALASKA; SPRUCE; WIDTH AB We compared tree-ring width (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies to remotely sensed indices of productivity (NDVI) and snowmelt since 1981 and to the instrumental temperature record at four arctic treeline sites in North America. Our results show that at these sites, TRW chronologies reflect temperatures less consistently than the MXD chronologies do and that the NDVI does not correlate significantly with TRW at high-frequency, i.e. when comparing yearly values. In contrast, the MXD chronologies correlate positively and significantly with NDVI and temperature during the growing season at all sites. Neither TRW or MXD chronologies appeared consistently influenced by the annual timing of snowmelt A comparison of tree-ring chronologies and temperatures since 1900 confirms that MXD has tracked growing season temperature at these treeline sites throughout the past century. A spatial evaluation of the correlations further reveals that each of the MXD chronologies investigated here reflects interannual variation in NDVI and growing season temperatures across a large geographic region. As a result they collectively provide a spatially comprehensive record of historic early-season canopy status as well as growing season temperatures for the high latitudes of North America. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Pieter S. A.; Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Andreu-Hayles, Laia; D'Arrigo, Rosanne; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Andreu-Hayles, Laia] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima IC3, Barcelona 08005, Catalonia, Spain. [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02542 USA. [Tucker, Compton J.; Pinzon, Jorge E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Beck, PSA (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM pbeck@whrc.org RI Andreu-Hayles, Laia/H-6200-2012; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Anchukaitis, Kevin/0000-0002-8509-8080 FU National Science Foundation [0902051, 0902056]; NOAA Carbon Cycle Science program [NA08OAR4310526]; NASA Carbon program [NNX08AG13G]; MICINN; Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship [PIOF-GA-2009-253277] FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (0902051) to RDA, KJA, and (0902056) to SJG and PSAB, from the NOAA Carbon Cycle Science program (NA08OAR4310526) and NASA Carbon program (NNX08AG13G) to SJG, and the MICINN mobility grant and the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (PIOF-GA-2009-253277) awarded to LAH. The authors thank Brendan and Chris Buckley, and Erika Mashig for field work, Ashley Curtis, Anna Verstege, and David Frank for building tree-ring chronologies, Ed Cook for access to the signal free standardization code, Greg Fiske and Logan Berner for data processing, and Dan McKenney for producing GIMMS-compatible climate surfaces. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 100 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.10.005 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 098OF UT WOS:000315557900010 ER PT J AU Ahmed, KF Wang, GL Silander, J Wilson, AM Allen, JM Horton, R Anyah, R AF Ahmed, Kazi Farzan Wang, Guiling Silander, John Wilson, Adam M. Allen, Jenica M. Horton, Radley Anyah, Richard TI Statistical downscaling and bias correction of climate model outputs for climate change impact assessment in the US northeast SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE bias correction; climate change impact analysis; extreme climate index; statistical downscaling ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; REGIONAL CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-RESOURCES; CARBON BALANCE; SIERRA-NEVADA; LOCAL CLIMATE; RIVER-BASIN; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA AB Statistical downscaling can be used to efficiently downscale a large number of General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs to a fine temporal and spatial scale. To facilitate regional impact assessments, this study statistically downscales (to 1/8 degrees spatial resolution) and corrects the bias of daily maximum and minimum temperature and daily precipitation data from six GCMs and four Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for the northeast United States (US) using the Statistical Downscaling and Bias Correction (SDBC) approach. Based on these downscaled data from multiple models, five extreme indices were analyzed for the future climate to quantify future changes of climate extremes. For a subset of models and indices, results based on raw and bias corrected model outputs for the present-day climate were compared with observations, which demonstrated that bias correction is important not only for GCM outputs, but also for RCM outputs. For future climate, bias correction led to a higher level of agreements among the models in predicting the magnitude and capturing the spatial pattern of the extreme climate indices. We found that the incorporation of dynamical downscaling as an intermediate step does not lead to considerable differences in the results of statistical downscaling for the study domain. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahmed, Kazi Farzan; Wang, Guiling] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Silander, John; Wilson, Adam M.; Allen, Jenica M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Horton, Radley] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Horton, Radley] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Anyah, Richard] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Wang, GL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM gwang@engr.uconn.edu RI Wilson, Adam/C-6731-2009 OI Wilson, Adam/0000-0003-3362-7806 FU USDA-NRI [2008-003237]; University of Connecticut Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering (CESE); NSF [AGS-1049017] FX This work was supported by funding from the USDA-NRI (grant no. 2008-003237), the University of Connecticut Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering (CESE), and NSF (AGS-1049017). NR 37 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 100 BP 320 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.11.003 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 098OF UT WOS:000315557900028 ER PT J AU Pinto, N Simard, M Dubayah, R AF Pinto, Naiara Simard, Marc Dubayah, Ralph TI Using InSAR Coherence to Map Stand Age in a Boreal Forest SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; Canada; coherence; disturbance; repeat pass; Quebec; regeneration; stand age; succession; temporal decorrelation; UAVSAR ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; STEM VOLUME RETRIEVAL; TEMPORAL DECORRELATION; INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; TROPICAL FOREST; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; ICESAT DATA; C-BAND; SAR AB The interferometric coherence parameter gamma estimates the degree of correlation between two Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and can be influenced by vegetation structure. Here, we investigate the use of repeat-pass interferometric coherence gamma to map stand age, an important parameter for the study of carbon stocks and forest regeneration. In August 2009 NASA's L-band airborne sensor UAVSAR (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar) acquired zero-baseline data over Quebec with temporal separation ranging between 45 min and 9 days. Our analysis focuses on a 66 km(2) managed boreal forest and addresses three questions: (i) Can coherence from L-band systems be used to model forest age? (ii) Are models sensitive to weather events and temporal baseline? and (iii) How is model accuracy impacted by the spatial scale of analysis? Linear regression models with 2-day baseline showed the best results and indicated an inverse relationship between gamma and stand age. Model accuracy improved at 5 ha scale (R-2 = 0.75, RMSE = 5.3) as compared to 1 ha (R-2 = 0.67, RMSE = 5.8). Our results indicate that coherence measurements from L-band repeat-pass systems can estimate forest age accurately and with no saturation. However, empirical model relationships and their accuracy are sensitive to weather events, temporal baseline, and spatial scale of analysis. C1 [Pinto, Naiara; Dubayah, Ralph] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Simard, Marc] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pinto, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM naiara.pinto@jpl.nasa.gov; simard@jpl.nasa.gov; dubayah@umd.edu RI Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology program [WBS 281945.02.61.01.69]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Maryland, College Park FX The authors would like to thank Scott Hensley and Yang Zheng for assistance with UAVSAR data, and Matthew Brolly for comments on the manuscript. We are grateful for the GIS dataset for Montmorency provided Foret Montmorency, Faculte de Foresterie, de Geographie et de Geomatique de l'Universite Laval. M Simard was funded by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology program (WBS 281945.02.61.01.69). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lidar datasets were provided by the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) team in the Laser Remote Sensing Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with support from the University of Maryland, College Park. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 39 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 42 EP 56 DI 10.3390/rs5010042 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KJ UT WOS:000315402400003 ER PT J AU Choi, S Ni, XL Shi, YL Ganguly, S Zhang, G Duong, HV Lefsky, MA Simard, M Saatchi, SS Lee, S Ni-Meister, W Piao, SL Cao, CX Nemani, RR Myneni, RB AF Choi, Sungho Ni, Xiliang Shi, Yuli Ganguly, Sangram Zhang, Gong Duong, Hieu V. Lefsky, Michael A. Simard, Marc Saatchi, Sassan S. Lee, Shihyan Ni-Meister, Wenge Piao, Shilong Cao, Chunxiang Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Myneni, Ranga B. TI Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations Model of Tree Heights: Part 2. Site Based Testing of the Model SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE tree height; allometric scaling law; resource limitation; GLAS; model optimization ID WAVE-FORM LIDAR; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; ICESAT/GLAS DATA; FOREST STRUCTURE; LASER ALTIMETER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CANOPY HEIGHT; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION AB The ultimate goal of this multi-article series is to develop a methodology to generate continuous fields of tree height and biomass. The first paper demonstrated the need for Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitation (ASRL) model optimization and its ability to generate spatially continuous fields of tree heights over the continental USA at coarse (1 km) spatial resolution. The objective of this second paper is to provide an assessment of that approach at site scale, specifically at 12 FLUXNET sites where more accurate data are available. Estimates of tree heights from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data are used for model optimization. Amongst the five possible GLAS metrics that are representative of tree heights, the best metric is selected based on how closely the metric resembles field-measured and Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor tree heights. In the optimization process, three parameters of the ASRL model (area of single leaf, alpha; exponent for canopy radius, eta; and root absorption efficiency, gamma) are simultaneously adjusted to minimize the difference between model predictions and observations at the study sites (distances to valid GLAS footprints <= 10 km). Performance of the optimized ASRL model was evaluated through comparisons to the best GLAS metric of tree height using a two-fold cross validation approach (R-2 = 0.85; RMSE = 1.81 m) and a bootstrapping approach (R-2 = 0.66; RMSE = 2.60 m). The optimized model satisfactorily performed at the site scale, thus corroborating results presented in part one of this series. Future investigations will focus on generalizing these results and extending the model formulation using similar allometric concepts for the estimation of woody biomass. C1 [Choi, Sungho; Ni, Xiliang; Shi, Yuli; Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ni, Xiliang; Cao, Chunxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Shi, Yuli] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Remote Sensing, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ganguly, Sangram] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zhang, Gong] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Duong, Hieu V.; Lefsky, Michael A.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Ecol Anal Lidar, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Simard, Marc; Saatchi, Sassan S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lee, Shihyan; Ni-Meister, Wenge] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM schoi@bu.edu; nixl@irsa.ac.cn; ylshi.nuist@gmail.com; sangramganguly@gmail.com; gongzhang07@gmail.com; Hieu.Duong@colostate.edu; lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu; marc.simard@jpl.nasa.gov; saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov; shihyanlee@yahoo.com; Wenge.Ni-Meister@hunter.cuny.edu; slpiao@pku.edu.cn; cao413@irsa.ac.cn; rama.nemani@nasa.gov; ranga.myneni@gmail.com RI Choi, Sungho/A-2464-2012; Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013; ganguly, sangram/B-5108-2010; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 OI Choi, Sungho/0000-0002-9082-3494; Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40801139, 41175077]; China Scholarship Council; Fulbright Foundation FX This study was partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants no. 40801139 and 41175077), China Scholarship Council and the Fulbright Foundation. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 39 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 202 EP 223 DI 10.3390/rs5010202 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KJ UT WOS:000315402400010 ER PT J AU Cornforth, WA Fatoyinbo, TE Freemantle, TP Pettorelli, N AF Cornforth, William A. Fatoyinbo, Temilola E. Freemantle, Terri P. Pettorelli, Nathalie TI Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array Type L-Band SAR (ALOS PALSAR) to Inform the Conservation of Mangroves: Sundarbans as a Case Study SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE climate change; SAR; remote sensing; conservation; habitat degradation; coastline retreat ID FOREST; BANGLADESH; ECOSYSTEM; WORLD; BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS; BIOMASS; AFRICA AB Mangroves are an important bulkhead against climate change: they afford protection for coastal areas from tidal waves and cyclones, and are among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. As such, protection of mangroves is an urgent priority. This work provides some new information on patterns of degradation in the Sundarbans, the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world, which are home to more than 35 reptile species, 120 commercial fish species, 300 bird species and 32 mammal species. Using radar imagery, we contrast and quantify the recent impacts of cyclone Sidr and anthropogenic degradation on this ecosystem. Our results, inferred from changes in radar backscatter, confirm already reported trends in coastline retreat for this region, with areas losing as much as 200 m of coast per year. They also suggest rapid changes in mangrove dynamics for Bangladesh and India, highlighting an overall decrease in mangrove health in the east side of the Sundarbans, and an overall increase in this parameter for the west side of the Sundarbans. As global environmental change takes its toll in this part of the world, more detailed, regular information on mangroves' distribution and health is required: our study illustrates how different threats experienced by mangroves can be detected and mapped using radar-based information, to guide management action. C1 [Cornforth, William A.; Freemantle, Terri P.; Pettorelli, Nathalie] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Fatoyinbo, Temilola E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pettorelli, N (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. EM william.cornforth@ioz.ac.uk; terri.freemantle@uclmail.net; lola.fatoyinbo@nasa.gov; nathalie.pettorelli@ioz.ac.uk RI Fatoyinbo, Temilola/G-6104-2012 OI Fatoyinbo, Temilola/0000-0002-1130-6748 FU L'Oreal UK; Ireland Fellowship for Women in Science FX We would like to thank Alienor Chauvenet for her constructive comments during the development of this manuscript. N.P. was supported by the L'Oreal UK and Ireland Fellowship for Women in Science. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 65 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 224 EP 237 DI 10.3390/rs5010224 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KJ UT WOS:000315402400011 ER PT J AU Shi, YL Choi, S Ni, XL Ganguly, S Zhang, G Duong, HV Lefsky, MA Simard, M Saatchi, SS Lee, S Ni-Meister, W Piao, SL Cao, CX Nemani, RR Myneni, RB AF Shi, Yuli Choi, Sungho Ni, Xiliang Ganguly, Sangram Zhang, Gong Duong, Hieu V. Lefsky, Michael A. Simard, Marc Saatchi, Sassan S. Lee, Shihyan Ni-Meister, Wenge Piao, Shilong Cao, Chunxiang Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Myneni, Ranga B. TI Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations Model of Tree Heights: Part 1. Model Optimization and Testing over Continental USA SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE tree height; allometric scaling law; resource limitations; GLAS; model optimization ID GENERAL QUANTITATIVE THEORY; FOREST STRUCTURE; MATHEMATICALLY CORRECT; BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; WATER RELATIONS; ENQUISTS MODEL; CANOPY HEIGHT; LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION AB A methodology to generate spatially continuous fields of tree heights with an optimized Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations (ASRL) model is reported in this first of a multi-part series of articles. Model optimization is performed with the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data. This methodology is demonstrated by mapping tree heights over forested lands in the continental USA (CONUS) at 1 km spatial resolution. The study area is divided into 841 eco-climatic zones based on three forest types, annual total precipitation classes (30 mm intervals) and annual average temperature classes (2 degrees C intervals). Three model parameters (area of single leaf, alpha, exponent for canopy radius, eta, and root absorption efficiency, gamma) were selected for optimization, that is, to minimize the difference between actual and potential tree heights in each of the eco-climatic zones over the CONUS. Tree heights predicted by the optimized model were evaluated against GLAS heights using a two-fold cross validation approach (R-2 = 0.59; RMSE = 3.31 m). Comparison at the pixel level between GLAS heights (mean = 30.6 m; standard deviation = 10.7) and model predictions (mean = 30.8 m; std. = 8.4) were also performed. Further, the model predictions were compared to existing satellite-based forest height maps. The optimized ASRL model satisfactorily reproduced the pattern of tree heights over the CONUS. Subsequent articles in this series will document further improvements with the ultimate goal of mapping tree heights and forest biomass globally. C1 [Shi, Yuli] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Remote Sensing, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Shi, Yuli; Choi, Sungho; Ni, Xiliang; Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ni, Xiliang; Cao, Chunxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Ganguly, Sangram] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zhang, Gong] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Duong, Hieu V.; Lefsky, Michael A.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Ecol Anal Lidar, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Simard, Marc; Saatchi, Sassan S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lee, Shihyan; Ni-Meister, Wenge] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ylshi.nuist@gmail.com; schoi@bu.edu; nixl@irsa.ac.cn; sangramganguly@gmail.com; gongzhang07@gmail.com; dr.hieu.duong@gmail.com; lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu; marc.simard@jpl.nasa.gov; saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov; shihyanlee@yahoo.com; Wenge.Ni-Meister@hunter.cuny.edu; slpiao@pku.edu.cn; cao413@irsa.ac.cn; rama.nemani@nasa.gov; ranga.myneni@gmail.com RI Choi, Sungho/A-2464-2012; Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012 OI Choi, Sungho/0000-0002-9082-3494; Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40801139, 41175077]; China Scholarship Council; Fulbright Foundation FX This study was partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 40801139 and 41175077), China Scholarship Council and the Fulbright Foundation. NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 44 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 284 EP 306 DI 10.3390/rs5010284 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KJ UT WOS:000315402400015 ER PT J AU Scarino, B Minnis, P Palikonda, R Reichle, RH Morstad, D Yost, C Shan, BJ Liu, Q AF Scarino, Benjamin Minnis, Patrick Palikonda, Rabindra Reichle, Rolf H. Morstad, Daniel Yost, Christopher Shan, Baojuan Liu, Qing TI Retrieving Clear-Sky Surface Skin Temperature for Numerical Weather Prediction Applications from Geostationary Satellite Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE skin temperature; surface temperature; infrared; quasi-global; GOES; ARM; NCDC; MODIS; GEOS-5 ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; LAND; EMISSIVITY; TERRA; VALIDATION; ANISOTROPY; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; CHANNELS AB Atmospheric models rely on high-accuracy, high-resolution initial radiometric and surface conditions for better short-term meteorological forecasts, as well as improved evaluation of global climate models. Remote sensing of the Earth's energy budget, particularly with instruments flown on geostationary satellites, allows for near-real-time evaluation of cloud and surface radiation properties. The persistence and coverage of geostationary remote sensing instruments grant the frequent retrieval of near-instantaneous quasi-global skin temperature. Among other cloud and clear-sky retrieval parameters, NASA Langley provides a non-polar, high-resolution land and ocean skin temperature dataset for atmospheric modelers by applying an inverted correlated k-distribution method to clear-pixel values of top-of-atmosphere infrared temperature. The present paper shows that this method yields clear-sky skin temperature values that are, for the most part, within 2 K of measurements from ground-site instruments, like the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Infrared Thermometer and the National Climatic Data Center Apogee Precision Infrared Thermocouple Sensor. The level of accuracy relative to the ARM site is comparable to that of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with the benefit of an increased number of daily measurements without added bias or increased error. Additionally, matched comparisons of the high-resolution skin temperature product with MODIS land surface temperature reveal a level of accuracy well within 1 K for both day and night. This confidence will help in characterizing the diurnal and seasonal biases and root-mean-square differences between the retrievals and modeled values from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 (GEOS-5) in preparation for assimilation of the retrievals into GEOS-5. Modelers should find the immediate availability and broad coverage of these skin temperature observations valuable, which can lead to improved forecasting and more advanced global climate models. C1 [Scarino, Benjamin; Palikonda, Rabindra; Morstad, Daniel; Yost, Christopher; Shan, Baojuan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Reichle, Rolf H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Qing] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Scarino, B (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM benjamin.r.scarino@nasa.gov; p.minnis@nasa.gov; rabindra.palikonda-1@nasa.gov; rolf.h.reichle@nasa.gov; daniel.morstad@nasa.gov; christopher.r.yost@nasa.gov; baojuan.shan-1@nasa.gov; qing.liu-1@nasa.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; NASA Satellite Calibration Interconsistency Program; NASA High End Computing Program FX This research was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program and the NASA Satellite Calibration Interconsistency Program. The IASI data were provided by the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System. The IRT data were provided by the ARM Climate Research Facility. The MODIS land product data were provided by NASA's Earth Observing System ClearingHouse Team. Computing was supported by the NASA High End Computing Program. The NCDC Quality Controlled Datasets were provided by the US Climate Reference Network of the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. We thank Yan Chen and Robert Arduini for providing MODIS-derived surface emissivity maps, Patrick Heck and Douglas Spangenberg for their work on diagnosing correlated k-distribution algorithm discrepancies and Qing Trepte for her input on the cloud mask. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 342 EP 366 DI 10.3390/rs5010342 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KJ UT WOS:000315402400018 ER PT J AU Livesey, NJ Logan, JA Santee, ML Waters, JW Doherty, RM Read, WG Froidevaux, L Jiang, JH AF Livesey, N. J. Logan, J. A. Santee, M. L. Waters, J. W. Doherty, R. M. Read, W. G. Froidevaux, L. Jiang, J. H. TI Interrelated variations of O-3, CO and deep convection in the tropical/subtropical upper troposphere observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) during 2004-2011 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL OZONE CLIMATOLOGY; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; EOS MLS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SATELLITE DATA; EL-NINO; TRANSPORT; STRATOSPHERE AB The interrelated geographic and temporal variability seen in more than seven years of tropical and subtropical upper tropospheric (215 hPa) ozone, carbon monoxide and cloud ice water content (IWC) observations by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are presented. Observed ozone abundances and their variability (geographic and temporal) agree to within 10-15 ppbv with records from sonde observations. MLS complements these (and other) observations with global coverage and simultaneous measurements of related parameters. Previously-reported phenomena such as the ozone "wave one" feature are clearly seen in the MLS observations, as is a double peak in ozone abundance over tropical East Africa, with enhanced abundances in both May to June and September to November. While repeatable seasonal cycles are seen in many regions, they are often accompanied by significant interannual variability. Ozone seasonal cycles in the southern tropics and subtropics tend to be more distinct (i.e., annually repeatable) than in the northern. By contrast, carbon monoxide shows distinct seasonal cycles in many northern subtropical regions, notably from India to the Eastern Pacific. Deep convection (as indicated by large values of IWC) is typically associated with reductions in upper tropospheric ozone. Convection over polluted regions is seen to significantly enhance upper tropospheric carbon monoxide. While some regions show statistically significant correlations among ozone, carbon monoxide and IWC, simple correlations fall well short of accounting for the observed variability. The observed interrelated variations and metrics of annual and interannual variability described here represent a new resource for validation of atmospheric chemistry models. C1 [Livesey, N. J.; Santee, M. L.; Waters, J. W.; Read, W. G.; Froidevaux, L.; Jiang, J. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Logan, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Doherty, R. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Livesey, NJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nathaniel.j.livesey@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA/ACMAP program FX Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Work at Harvard University was supported by the NASA/ACMAP program. We thank our MLS colleagues at JPL and the University of Edinburgh for all their efforts leading to production of the MLS data. We especially thank Mark Filipiak of Edinburgh for being responsible for the MLS upper tropospheric O3 and CO products during much of their critical development phase. The authors thank Anne Douglass and Anne Thompson for useful discussions at various stages of this work, and thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that have improved this manuscript. (c) 2012, California Instrument of Technology, all rights reserved. NR 80 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 579 EP 598 DI 10.5194/acp-13-579-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200007 ER PT J AU Adams, C Strong, K Zhao, X Bourassa, AE Daffer, WH Degenstein, D Drummond, JR Farahani, EE Fraser, A Lloyd, ND Manney, GL McLinden, CA Rex, M Roth, C Strahan, SE Walker, KA Wohltmann, I AF Adams, C. Strong, K. Zhao, X. Bourassa, A. E. Daffer, W. H. Degenstein, D. Drummond, J. R. Farahani, E. E. Fraser, A. Lloyd, N. D. Manney, G. L. McLinden, C. A. Rex, M. Roth, C. Strahan, S. E. Walker, K. A. Wohltmann, I. TI The spring 2011 final stratospheric warming above Eureka: anomalous dynamics and chemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANSPORT MODEL; LAGRANGIAN CHEMISTRY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; ARCTIC SUMMER; POLAR VORTEX; VALIDATION; NO2 AB In spring 2011, the Arctic polar vortex was stronger than in any other year on record. As the polar vortex started to break up in April, ozone and NO2 columns were measured with UV-visible spectrometers above the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) in Eureka, Canada (80.05 degrees N, 86.42 degrees W) using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique. These ground-based column measurements were complemented by Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imager System (OSIRIS) satellite measurements, Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) simulations, and meteorological quantities. On 8 April 2011, NO2 columns above PEARL from the DOAS, OMI, and GMI datasets were approximately twice as large as in previous years. On this day, temperatures and ozone volume mixing ratios above Eureka were high, suggesting enhanced chemical production of NO2 from NO. Additionally, GMI NOx (NO+ NO2) and N2O fields suggest that downward transport along the vortex edge and horizontal transport from lower latitudes also contributed to the enhanced NO2. The anticyclone that transported lower-latitude NOx above PEARL became frozen-in and persisted in dynamical and GMI N2O fields until the end of the measurement period on 31 May 2011. Ozone isolated within this frozen-in anticyclone (FrIAC) in the middle stratosphere was lost due to reactions with the enhanced NOx. Below the FrIAC (from the tropopause to 700 K), NOx driven ozone loss above Eureka was larger than in previous years, according to GMI monthly average ozone loss rates. Using the passive tracer technique, with passive ozone profiles from the Lagrangian Chemistry and Transport Model, ATLAS, ozone losses since 1 December 2010 were calculated at 600 K. In the air mass that was above Eureka on 20 May 2011, ozone losses reached 4.2 parts per million by volume (ppmv) (58 %) and 4.4 ppmv (61 %), when calculated using GMI and OSIRIS ozone profiles, respectively. This gas-phase ozone loss led to a more rapid decrease in ozone column amounts above Eureka in April/May 2011 compared with previous years. Ground-based, OMI, and GMI ozone total columns all decreased by more than 100DU from 15 April to 20 May. Two lows in the ozone columns were also investigated and were attributed to a vortex remnant passing above Eureka at similar to 500K on 12/13 May and an ozone mini-hole on 22/23 May. C1 [Adams, C.; Strong, K.; Zhao, X.; Drummond, J. R.; Farahani, E. E.; Fraser, A.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Adams, C.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Daffer, W. H.; Manney, G. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Drummond, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [McLinden, C. A.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Rex, M.; Wohltmann, I.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Strahan, S. E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Adams, C (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. EM cristen.adams@usask.ca RI Fraser, Annemarie/D-3874-2012; Wohltmann, Ingo/C-1301-2010; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014 OI Wohltmann, Ingo/0000-0003-4606-6788; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; FU Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Environment Canada (EC); Government of Canada International Polar Year funding; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Ontario Innovation Trust; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund; CSA; NSERC; NSTP; EC; Sweden (SNSB); Finland (TEKES); France (CNES); European Space Agency FX The 2006-2011 UT-GBS, PEARL-GBS, SAOZ, and Bruker FTIR measurements at Eureka were made at PEARL by CANDAC. CANDAC is supported by the Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Environment Canada (EC), Government of Canada International Polar Year funding, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP), Ontario Innovation Trust, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund. Brewer and ozonesonde measurements were made by EC. The spring 2004-2011 GBS measurements were also supported by the Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns, which were funded by CSA, NSERC, NSTP, and EC. Spring 2007 GBS measurements were also supported by the Centre for Global Change Science. The 2003 GBS measurements were supported by CFCAS and NSTP. C. Adams was partially supported by the NSERC CREATE Training Program in Arctic Atmospheric Science. The authors wish to thank PEARL site manager Pierre F. Fogal, the CANDAC operators, and the staff at EC's Eureka weather station for their contributions to data acquisition, and logistical and on-site support. The QDOAS software and AMFs were provided by C. Fayt, F. Hendrick, and M. Van Roozendael at IASB-BIRA. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), the CSA, Finland (TEKES), France (CNES), and supported since 2007 by the third party mission programme of the European Space Agency. We acknowledge the free use of ozone and NO2 columns data from the OMI sensor from www.temis.nl. Thank-you to Folkert Boersma for advice regarding the use of OMI NO2 datasets. Work carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors wish to thank Ashley Jones and Thomas Walker for advice on treatment and presentation of satellite datasets. Thank-you also to Dylan Jones for the discussions regarding chemical tracers and to Chris Meek for discussions about anticyclones. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 611 EP 624 DI 10.5194/acp-13-611-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200009 ER PT J AU Worden, HM Deeter, MN Frankenberg, C George, M Nichitiu, F Worden, J Aben, I Bowman, KW Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF de Laat, ATJ Detweiler, R Drummond, JR Edwards, DP Gille, JC Hurtmans, D Luo, M Martinez-Alonso, S Massie, S Pfister, G Warner, JX AF Worden, H. M. Deeter, M. N. Frankenberg, C. George, M. Nichitiu, F. Worden, J. Aben, I. Bowman, K. W. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. F. de Laat, A. T. J. Detweiler, R. Drummond, J. R. Edwards, D. P. Gille, J. C. Hurtmans, D. Luo, M. Martinez-Alonso, S. Massie, S. Pfister, G. Warner, J. X. TI Decadal record of satellite carbon monoxide observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CO SOURCES; TROPOSPHERE; VALIDATION; MOPITT; IASI; POLLUTION; MISSION; SPACE; RETRIEVALS AB Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) distributions are controlled by anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, transport and oxidation by reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). Quantifying trends in CO is therefore important for understanding changes related to all of these contributions. Here we present a comprehensive record of satellite observations from 2000 through 2011 of total column CO using the available measurements from nadir-viewing thermal infrared instruments: MOPITT, AIRS, TES and IASI. We examine trends for CO in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres along with regional trends for Eastern China, Eastern USA, Europe and India. We find that all the satellite observations are consistent with a modest decreasing trend similar to -1% yr(-1) in total column CO over the Northern Hemisphere for this time period and a less significant, but still decreasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere. Although decreasing trends in the United States and Europe have been observed from surface CO measurements, we also find a decrease in CO over E. China that, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Some of the interannual variability in the observations can be explained by global fire emissions, but the overall decrease needs further study to understand the implications for changes in anthropogenic emissions. C1 [Worden, H. M.; Deeter, M. N.; Detweiler, R.; Edwards, D. P.; Gille, J. C.; Massie, S.; Pfister, G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Frankenberg, C.; Worden, J.; Bowman, K. W.; Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [George, M.; Clerbaux, C.; Martinez-Alonso, S.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Nichitiu, F.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Aben, I.; de Laat, A. T. J.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. F.; Hurtmans, D.] Libre Univ Bruxelles ULB, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [de Laat, A. T. J.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Drummond, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Warner, J. X.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Worden, HM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. EM hmw@ucar.edu RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Environment Canada; CNES; BELSPO; ESA (Prodex arrangements); National Science Foundation FX The MOPITT, AIRS and TES projects are supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program. The MOPITT team also acknowledges support from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and Environment Canada, along with the contributions of COMDEV (the prime contractor) and ABB BOMEM. IASI was developed and built under the responsibility of CNES and flies onboard the MetOp satellite as part of the Eumetsat Polar system. The authors acknowledge the Ether French atmospheric database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr) for distributing the IASI L1C and L2-CO data. AIRS data records and analyses used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. C. Clerbaux and M. George are grateful for the CNES financial support. P. F. Coheur is a Research Associate with F.R.S.-FNRS. The research in Belgium was also funded by BELSPO and ESA (Prodex arrangements). The authors thank Louisa Emmons and Mijeong Park at NCAR for their helpful suggestions. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 63 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 837 EP 850 DI 10.5194/acp-13-837-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200022 ER PT J AU Painemal, D Zuidema, P AF Painemal, D. Zuidema, P. TI The first aerosol indirect effect quantified through airborne remote sensing during VOCALS-REx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; LIQUID WATER; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; ALBEDO; PRECIPITATION AB The first aerosol indirect effect (1AIE) is investigated using a combination of in situ and remotely-sensed aircraft (NCAR C-130) observations acquired during VOCALS-REx over the southeast Pacific stratocumulus cloud regime. Satellite analyses have previously identified a high albedo susceptibitility to changes in cloud microphysics and aerosols over this region. The 1AIE was broken down into the product of two independently-estimated terms: the cloud aerosol interaction metric ACI(tau) = d ln tau/d ln N-a vertical bar(LWP), and the relative albedo (A) susceptibility SR-tau = d A/3d ln tau vertical bar(LWP), with tau and N-a denoting retrieved cloud optical thickness and in situ aerosol concentration respectively and calculated for fixed intervals of liquid water path (LWP). ACI(tau) was estimated by combining in situ N-a sampled below the cloud, with tau and LWP derived from, respectively, simultaneous upward-looking broadband irradiance and narrow field-of-view millimeter-wave radiometer measurements, collected at 1 Hz during four eight-hour daytime flights by the C-130 aircraft. ACI tau values were typically large, close to the physical upper limit (0.33), with a modest increase with LWP. The high ACI tau values slightly exceed values reported from many previous in situ airborne studies in pristine marine stratocumulus and reflect the imposition of a LWP constraint and simultaneity of aerosol and cloud measurements. SR-tau increased with LWP and tau, reached a maximum SR-tau (0.086) for LWP (tau) of 58 gm(-2) (similar to 14), and decreased slightly thereafter. The 1AIE thus increased with LWP and is comparable to a radiative forcing of -3.2- -3.8 W m(-2) for a 10% increase in N-a, exceeding previously-reported global-range values. The aircraft-derived values are consistent with satellite estimates derived from instantaneous, collocated Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) albedo and MOderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-retrieved droplet number concentrations at 50 km resolution. The consistency of the airborne and satellite estimates, despite their independent approaches, differences in observational scales, and retrieval assumptions, is hypothesized to reflect the ideal remote sensing conditions for these homogeneous clouds. We recommend the southeast Pacific for regional model assessments of the first aerosol indirect effect on this basis. This airborne remotely-sensed approach towards quantifying 1AIE should in theory be more robust than in situ calculations because of increased sampling. However, although the technique does not explicitly depend on a remotely-derived cloud droplet number concentration (N-d), the attimes unrealistically-high N-d values suggest more emphasis on accurate airborne radiometric measurements is needed to refine this approach. C1 [Painemal, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Zuidema, P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Key Biscayne, FL USA. RP Painemal, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM david.painemal@nasa.gov RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X FU NSF [0745470]; NSF AGS [1233874]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Langley Research Center FX D. Painemal and P. Zuidema were supported by NSF Large-Scale Dynamics Award 0745470 and NSF AGS Award 1233874 (PZ). D. Painemal was also supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Langley Research Center. The authors are indebted to the staff and instrument scientists of the Research Aviation Facility and the National Center for Atmospheric Research that were involved in the aircraft C-130 operation. Wyoming Cloud Radar and Lidar datasets were provided by David Leon. Relevant comments from Graham Feingold as a member of D. Painemal's PhD thesis committee are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Walter Robinson, Robert Wood, Christopher Bretherton, and Roberto Mechoso for their leadership of VOCALS-Rex, making this study possible. The comments and suggestions made by two anonymous reviewers are also acknowledged. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 917 EP 931 DI 10.5194/acp-13-917-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200026 ER PT J AU Kuai, L Worden, J Kulawik, S Bowman, K Lee, M Biraud, SC Abshire, JB Wofsy, SC Natraj, V Frankenberg, C Wunch, D Connor, B Miller, C Roehl, C Shia, RL Yung, Y AF Kuai, L. Worden, J. Kulawik, S. Bowman, K. Lee, M. Biraud, S. C. Abshire, J. B. Wofsy, S. C. Natraj, V. Frankenberg, C. Wunch, D. Connor, B. Miller, C. Roehl, C. Shia, R. -L. Yung, Y. TI Profiling tropospheric CO2 using Aura TES and TCCON instruments SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; GREENHOUSE GASES; GEOS-CHEM; CALIBRATION; SPACE; COVARIANCE AB Monitoring the global distribution and long-term variations of CO2 sources and sinks is required for characterizing the global carbon budget. Total column measurements are useful for estimating regional-scale fluxes; however, model transport remains a significant error source, particularly for quantifying local sources and sinks. To improve the capability of estimating regional fluxes, we estimate lower tropospheric CO2 concentrations from ground-based near-infrared (NIR) measurements with space-based thermal infrared (TIR) measurements. The NIR measurements are obtained from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) of solar measurements, which provide an estimate of the total CO2 column amount. Estimates of tropospheric CO2 that are co-located with TCCON are obtained by assimilating Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) free tropospheric CO2 estimates into the GEOS-Chem model. We find that quantifying lower tropospheric CO2 by subtracting free tropospheric CO2 estimates from total column estimates is a linear problem, because the calculated random uncertainties in total column and lower tropospheric estimates are consistent with actual uncertainties as compared to aircraft data. For the total column estimates, the random uncertainty is about 0.55 ppm with a bias of -5.66 ppm, consistent with previously published results. After accounting for the total column bias, the bias in the lower tropospheric CO2 estimates is 0.26 ppm with a precision (one standard deviation) of 1.02 ppm. This precision is sufficient for capturing the winter to summer variability of approximately 12 ppm in the lower troposphere; double the variability of the total column. This work shows that a combination of NIR and TIR measurements can profile CO2 with the precision and accuracy needed to quantify lower tropospheric CO2 variability. C1 [Kuai, L.; Worden, J.; Kulawik, S.; Bowman, K.; Lee, M.; Natraj, V.; Frankenberg, C.; Miller, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abshire, J. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wunch, D.; Roehl, C.; Shia, R. -L.; Yung, Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Connor, B.] BC Consulting Ltd, Alexandra 9320, New Zealand. RP Kuai, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 233-200, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lkuai@jpl.nasa.gov RI Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program [NNX11AG01G]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program; DOE/ARM Program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; [09-ACOS09-0010] FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The GEOS-Chem model results with assimilated TES data was funded by proposal No. 09-ACOS09-0010. US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program, grant number NNX11AG01G, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program, the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program and the DOE/ARM Program. SGP data was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. The authors wish to thank G. Toon and P. Wennberg for making available their GFIT code and TCCON data. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.5194/amt-6-63-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093FF UT WOS:000315176400006 ER PT J AU Pinardi, G Van Roozendael, M Abuhassan, N Adams, C Cede, A Clemer, K Fayt, C Friess, U Gil, M Herman, J Hermans, C Hendrick, F Irie, H Merlaud, A Comas, MN Peters, E Piters, AJM Puentedura, O Richter, A Schonhardt, A Shaiganfar, R Spinei, E Strong, K Takashima, H Vrekoussis, M Wagner, T Wittrock, F Yilmaz, S AF Pinardi, G. Van Roozendael, M. Abuhassan, N. Adams, C. Cede, A. Clemer, K. Fayt, C. Friess, U. Gil, M. Herman, J. Hermans, C. Hendrick, F. Irie, H. Merlaud, A. Navarro Comas, M. Peters, E. Piters, A. J. M. Puentedura, O. Richter, A. Schoenhardt, A. Shaiganfar, R. Spinei, E. Strong, K. Takashima, H. Vrekoussis, M. Wagner, T. Wittrock, F. Yilmaz, S. TI MAX-DOAS formaldehyde slant column measurements during CINDI: intercomparison and analysis improvement SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; TROPOSPHERIC BRO COLUMNS; ZENITH-SKY UV; IN-SITU; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; VISIBLE SPECTROMETERS; TECHNICAL NOTE AB We present intercomparison results for formaldehyde (HCHO) slant column measurements performed during the Cabauw Intercomparison campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI) that took place in Cabauw, the Netherlands, in summer 2009. During two months, nine atmospheric research groups simultaneously operated MAX-DOAS (MultiAXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) instruments of various designs to record UV-visible spectra of scattered sunlight at different elevation angles that were analysed using common retrieval settings. The resulting HCHO data set was found to be highly consistent, the mean difference between instruments generally not exceeding 15 % or 7.5 x 10(15) molec cm(-2), for all viewing elevation angles. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the uncertainties in the HCHO slant column retrieval when varying key input parameters such as the molecular absorption cross sections, correction terms for the Ring effect or the width and position of the fitting interval. This study led to the identification of potentially important sources of errors associated with cross-correlation effects involving the Ring effect, O-4, HCHO and BrO cross sections and the DOAS closure polynomial. As a result, a set of updated recommendations was formulated for HCHO slant column retrieval in the 336.5-359 nm wavelength range. To conclude, an error budget is proposed which distinguishes between systematic and random uncertainties. The total systematic error is estimated to be of the order of 20 % and is dominated by uncertainties in absorption cross sections and related spectral cross-correlation effects. For a typical integration time of one minute, random uncertainties range between 5 and 30 %, depending on the noise level of individual instruments. C1 [Pinardi, G.; Van Roozendael, M.; Clemer, K.; Fayt, C.; Hermans, C.; Hendrick, F.; Merlaud, A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Adams, C.; Strong, K.] BIRA IASB Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Shaiganfar, R.; Wagner, T.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Abuhassan, N.; Cede, A.; Herman, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Friess, U.; Yilmaz, S.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Gil, M.; Navarro Comas, M.; Puentedura, O.] INTA, Madrid, Spain. [Irie, H.; Takashima, H.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Peters, E.; Richter, A.; Schoenhardt, A.; Vrekoussis, M.; Wittrock, F.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Piters, A. J. M.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Spinei, E.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Vrekoussis, M.] Cyprus Inst, Energy Environm & Water Res Ctr, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Pinardi, G (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. EM gaia.pinardi@aeronomie.be RI Wittrock, Folkard/B-6959-2008; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/G-9424-2012; Puentedura, Olga/J-6884-2014 OI Wittrock, Folkard/0000-0002-3024-0211; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/0000-0001-8292-8352; Puentedura, Olga/0000-0002-4286-1867 FU ESA through the CEOS project; EU through ACCENT-AT2 project; EU via the GEOMON Integrated Project; EU via the FP 7 project NORS [284421]; Belgian Science Policy via the AGACC-II project; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canadian Foundation for Innovation FX The authors wish to thank the KNMI staff at Cabauw for their technical assistance and for the infrastructure that was offered during the campaign. The CINDI Campaign was funded by ESA and EU, through the CEOS and ACCENT-AT2 projects, respectively. We further acknowledge the support of the EU via the GEOMON Integrated Project and via the FP 7 project NORS (284421), and of the Belgian Science Policy via the AGACC-II project. We also thank Isabelle De Smedt and Nicolas Theys for helpful discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. The participation of the Toronto team was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science and the Centre for Global Change Science at the University of Toronto; the instrument was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and is usually operated at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 167 EP 185 DI 10.5194/amt-6-167-2013 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093FF UT WOS:000315176400014 ER PT J AU Devi, VM Benner, DC Smith, MAH Mantz, AW Sung, K Brown, LR AF Devi, V. Malathy Benner, D. Chris Smith, M. A. H. Mantz, A. W. Sung, K. Brown, L. R. TI Spectral line parameters including temperature dependences of air-broadening for the 2 <- 0 bands of (CO)-C-13-O-16 and (CO)-C-12-O-18 at 2.3 mu m (vol 276, pg 33, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Correction C1 [Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Smith, M. A. H.] NASA, Sci Directorate, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Mantz, A. W.] Connecticut Coll, Dept Phys Astron & Geophys, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Sung, K.; Brown, L. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Devi, VM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov RI Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 283 BP 44 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.12.001 PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 095VD UT WOS:000315362200008 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Echer, E Richter, I Koenders, C Glassmeier, KH AF Tsurutani, Bruce T. Echer, Ezequiel Richter, Ingo Koenders, Christoph Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz TI SLAMS at comet 19P/Borrelly: DS1 observations SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Comet Borrelly; SLAMS; Ion pickup; Plasma waves ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; P GRIGG-SKJELLERUP; GIACOBINI-ZINNER; BOW SHOCK; MAGNETIC PULSES; PLASMA-WAVES; IONS; MAGNETOMETER; TURBULENCE; HALLEY AB Comet 19P/Borrelly plasma waves associated with the ion pickup process are being studied for the first time. The compressive plasma waves (short, large-amplitude, magnetic structures, or SLAMS) have peak-to-background magnetic field magnitude amplitudes as large as similar to 9-1. A new method of analysis has been developed to study the properties these compressive waves (and the bow shock) and is applied in this study. The bow shock at the time of the DS1 crossing was determined to be quasiparallel in nature with theta(Bn)similar to 22 degrees. Using this new technique and minimum variance analyses over single wave cycles, most of the waves were determined to be circularly polarized, but some were noted to have linear and sunglass polarizations. The waves propagated obliquely to the ambient magnetic field B-0, with over 75% of the cases with theta(kB0) > 45 degrees. The intrinsic wave polarization in the plasma frame was investigated by examining waves propagating obliquely to the solar wind direction, theta(kx) > 75 degrees, where x is the solar wind velocity vector. From this analysis, a mix of right-hand (RH) and left-hand (LH) polarization waves were found, with no particular order, either as a function of distance upstream or closeness to the bow shock. Most of the waves were detected when B-0 was oblique to V-sw. The equal mix of RH and LH waves is not well explained by current theoretical models. It is possible that the Dubouloz and Scholer (1995) scenario could work for this cometary case if both RH and LH waves were generated by ring-beam distributions. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Echer, Ezequiel] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Richter, Ingo; Koenders, Christoph; Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bruce.t.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov FU US Rosetta Project; CNPq [300211/2008-2]; German Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt [50QP1001] FX Portions of this work were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. We thank the US Rosetta Project for support during this effort. EE thanks CNPq for financial support (300211/2008-2) for support for this effort. The work of IR, CK and KHG was financially supported by the German Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt under contract 50QP1001. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 75 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.11.002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 092QH UT WOS:000315136600003 ER PT J AU Teanby, NA Irwin, PGJ Nixon, CA Courtin, R Swinyard, BM Moreno, R Lellouch, E Rengel, M Hartogh, P AF Teanby, N. A. Irwin, P. G. J. Nixon, C. A. Courtin, R. Swinyard, B. M. Moreno, R. Lellouch, E. Rengel, M. Hartogh, P. TI Constraints on Titan's middle atmosphere ammonia abundance from Herschel/SPIRE sub-millimetre spectra SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Titan; Atmosphere; Composition; Photochemistry; Herschel; Sub-millimetre ID ROTOTRANSLATIONAL ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; FAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; CASSINI-CIRS DATA; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PAIRS; STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURES; 300-K; SPECTROMETER; HYDROCARBONS AB Sub-millimetre spectra measured with Herschel's SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer were used to search for ammonia (NH3) in Titan's stratosphere. Observations were taken during 2010 and 2011, just after Titan's northern spring equinox, which occurred in mid-2009. In our analysis we used high spectral resolution data (0.074 cm(-1) apodised) from the SPIRE shortwave spectrometer array (SSW), which provided the best possible signal-to-noise ratio for detecting any NH3 emission features. These data have the most sensitivity to NH3 spectral emission of any currently available observations, although despite this we did not detect any significant emission features above the noise. However, we can place an improved 3-sigma upper limit on NH3 abundance of <0.19 ppb for altitudes 65-110 km (75 km peak sensitivity), or alternatively a column abundance of <1.23 x 10(15) molecules/cm(2). These observations provide modest constraint for future photochemical models and are consistent with most current stratospheric predictions. Scaling of photochemical model profiles, in order to fit elevated abundances observed at 1100 km by Cassini's INMS instrument, are for the most part also consistent with our observations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Teanby, N. A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Irwin, P. G. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Nixon, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Courtin, R.; Moreno, R.; Lellouch, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Swinyard, B. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Swinyard, B. M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Rengel, M.; Hartogh, P.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Teanby, NA (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM n.teanby@bristol.ac.uk RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Teanby, Nicholas/0000-0003-3108-5775; Irwin, Patrick/0000-0002-6772-384X FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA; CNES; CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA) FX This work was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Leverhulme Trust SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); and NASA (USA). NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 75 BP 136 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.11.008 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 092QH UT WOS:000315136600013 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, A Hooker, SB Bricaud, A Gentili, B Babin, M AF Matsuoka, A. Hooker, S. B. Bricaud, A. Gentili, B. Babin, M. TI Estimating absorption coefficients of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) using a semi-analytical algorithm for southern Beaufort Sea waters: application to deriving concentrations of dissolved organic carbon from space SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN COLOR; ARCTIC-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OZONE DEPLETION; SARGASSO SEA; PARTICLES; MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; PEATLANDS; RADIATION AB A series of papers have suggested that freshwater discharge, including a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), has increased since the middle of the 20th century. In this study, a semi-analytical algorithm for estimating light absorption coefficients of the colored fraction of DOM (CDOM) was developed for southern Beaufort Sea waters using remote sensing reflectance at six wavelengths in the visible spectral domain corresponding to MODIS ocean color sensor. This algorithm allows the separation of colored detrital matter (CDM) into CDOM and non-algal particles (NAP) through the determination of NAP absorption using an empirical relationship between NAP absorption and particle backscattering coefficients. Evaluation using independent datasets, which were not used for developing the algorithm, showed that CDOM absorption can be estimated accurately to within an uncertainty of 35% and 50% for oceanic and coastal waters, respectively. A previous paper (Matsuoka et al., 2012) showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were tightly correlated with CDOM absorption in our study area (r(2) = 0.97). By combining the CDOM absorption algorithm together with the DOC versus CDOM relationship, it is now possible to estimate DOC concentrations in the near-surface layer of the southern Beaufort Sea using satellite ocean color data. DOC concentrations in the sur-face waters were estimated using MODIS ocean color data, and the estimates showed reasonable values compared to in situ measurements. We propose a routine and near real-time method for deriving DOC concentrations from space, which may open the way to an estimate of DOC budgets for Arctic coastal waters. C1 [Matsuoka, A.; Bricaud, A.; Gentili, B.; Babin, M.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, CNRS, UMR7093, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Matsuoka, A.; Babin, M.] Univ Laval, Takuvik Joint Int Lab Univ Laval Canada CNRS Fran, Dept Biol & Quebec Ocean, Laval, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Hooker, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Matsuoka, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, CNRS, UMR7093, BP 08, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. EM atsushi.matsuoka@takuvik.ulaval.ca FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0125049, 0223375]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) [NAG5-10528]; US National Science Foundation [0713915]; ANR (Agence nationale de la recherche); INSU-CNRS (Institut national des sciences de l'univers -Centre national de la recherche scientifique); CNES (Centre national d'etudes spatiales); ESA (European Space Agency); CNRS-INSU FX We are grateful to the captain and crews of the Canadian Icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, USCGC Healy, and Japanese R/V Mirai. Instrument development of C-OPS by J. H. Morrow is much appreciated. Datasets from SBI2002 cruises were provided by V. Hill on the basis of the data policy (http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/sbi/). Sampling for these cruises was supported by the Arctic System Sciences program of the National Science Foundation OPP-0125049 and 0223375 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Studies (SIMBIOS) program NAG5-10528. DOC concentrations during MALINA cruise were provided by R. Benner using funding from the US National Science Foundation (0713915). Comments by three anonymous reviewers, D. Christiansen-Stowe, and E. Boss have greatly helped in improving the manuscript. This study was conducted as part of the MALINA Scientific Program funded by ANR (Agence nationale de la recherche), INSU-CNRS (Institut national des sciences de l'univers -Centre national de la recherche scientifique), CNES (Centre national d'etudes spatiales) and ESA (European Space Agency).; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 917 EP 927 DI 10.5194/bg-10-917-2013 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 092BE UT WOS:000315093000017 ER PT J AU Charman, DJ Beilman, DW Blaauw, M Booth, RK Brewer, S Chambers, FM Christen, JA Gallego-Sala, A Harrison, SP Hughes, PDM Jackson, ST Korhola, A Mauquoy, D Mitchell, FJG Prentice, IC van der Linden, M De Vleeschouwer, F Yu, ZC Alm, J Bauer, IE Corish, YMC Garneau, M Hohl, V Huang, Y Karofeld, E Le Roux, G Loisel, J Moschen, R Nichols, JE Nieminen, TM MacDonald, GM Phadtare, NR Rausch, N Sillasoo, U Swindles, GT Tuittila, ES Ukonmaanaho, L Valiranta, M van Bellen, S van Geel, B Vitt, DH Zhao, Y AF Charman, D. J. Beilman, D. W. Blaauw, M. Booth, R. K. Brewer, S. Chambers, F. M. Christen, J. A. Gallego-Sala, A. Harrison, S. P. Hughes, P. D. M. Jackson, S. T. Korhola, A. Mauquoy, D. Mitchell, F. J. G. Prentice, I. C. van der Linden, M. De Vleeschouwer, F. Yu, Z. C. Alm, J. Bauer, I. E. Corish, Y. M. C. Garneau, M. Hohl, V. Huang, Y. Karofeld, E. Le Roux, G. Loisel, J. Moschen, R. Nichols, J. E. Nieminen, T. M. MacDonald, G. M. Phadtare, N. R. Rausch, N. Sillasoo, Ue Swindles, G. T. Tuittila, E-S. Ukonmaanaho, L. Valiranta, M. van Bellen, S. van Geel, B. Vitt, D. H. Zhao, Y. TI Climate-related changes in peatland carbon accumulation during the last millennium SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER ACCUMULATION; LATE-HOLOCENE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; WESTERN CANADA; STABLE CARBON; HUMAN IMPACT; BOG GROWTH; ICE-AGE; CYCLE; MODEL AB Peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon store and a persistent natural carbon sink during the Holocene, but there is considerable uncertainty over the fate of peatland carbon in a changing climate. It is generally assumed that higher temperatures will increase peat decay, causing a positive feedback to climate warming and contributing to the global positive carbon cycle feedback. Here we use a new extensive database of peat profiles across northern high latitudes to examine spatial and temporal patterns of carbon accumulation over the past millennium. Opposite to expectations, our results indicate a small negative carbon cycle feedback from past changes in the long-term accumulation rates of northern peatlands. Total carbon accumulated over the last 1000 yr is linearly related to contemporary growing season length and photosynthetically active radiation, suggesting that variability in net primary productivity is more important than decomposition in determining long-term carbon accumulation. Furthermore, northern peatland carbon sequestration rate declined over the climate transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA), probably because of lower LIA temperatures combined with increased cloudiness suppressing net primary productivity. Other factors including changing moisture status, peatland distribution, fire, nitrogen deposition, permafrost thaw and methane emissions will also influence future peatland carbon cycle feedbacks, but our data suggest that the carbon sequestration rate could increase over many areas of northern peatlands in a warmer future. C1 [Charman, D. J.; Hohl, V.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Beilman, D. W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Blaauw, M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Booth, R. K.; Yu, Z. C.; Loisel, J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Brewer, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Chambers, F. M.] Univ Gloucestershire, SNSS, Ctr Environm Change & Quaternary Res, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, Glos, England. [Christen, J. A.] Ctr Invest Matemat, Guanajuato 36000, Gto, Mexico. [Gallego-Sala, A.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, QUEST, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Gallego-Sala, A.; Harrison, S. P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Gallego-Sala, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Harrison, S. P.; Prentice, I. C.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Hughes, P. D. M.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Jackson, S. T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Korhola, A.; Tuittila, E-S.; Valiranta, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Mauquoy, D.; van Bellen, S.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [Mitchell, F. J. G.; Corish, Y. M. C.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Prentice, I. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst Climate Change, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Prentice, I. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [van der Linden, M.] BIAX Consult, NL-1506 AL Zaandam, Netherlands. [De Vleeschouwer, F.; Le Roux, G.] CNRS, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [De Vleeschouwer, F.; Le Roux, G.] Univ Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab,ENSAT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Alm, J.] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu 80101, Finland. [Bauer, I. E.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Sir Wilfred Grenfell Coll, Corner Brook, NF A2H 6P9, Canada. [Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec, Geotop, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Huang, Y.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Karofeld, E.] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Moschen, R.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Bio & Geosci Agrosphere 3, D-52428 Julich, Germany. [Nichols, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Nichols, J. E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Nieminen, T. M.; Ukonmaanaho, L.] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa 01301, Finland. [MacDonald, G. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [MacDonald, G. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Phadtare, N. R.] Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Rausch, N.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Geochem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Sillasoo, Ue] Tallinn Univ, Inst Ecol, EE-10120 Tallinn, Estonia. [Swindles, G. T.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [van Geel, B.] Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vitt, D. H.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Charman, DJ (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. EM d.j.charman@exeter.ac.uk RI Yu, Zicheng/D-4108-2012; Le Roux, Gael/K-1154-2012; Charman, Dan/K-9303-2014; Mitchell, Fraser/L-9292-2014; Booth, Robert/G-5563-2010; Zhao, Yan/B-1785-2014; OI Christen, J Andres/0000-0002-5795-4345; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Le Roux, Gael/0000-0002-1579-0178; Charman, Dan/0000-0003-3464-4536; Zhao, Yan/0000-0003-1693-9795; Alm, Jukka/0000-0002-1470-8849; Blaauw, Maarten/0000-0002-5680-1515; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903; Mitchell, Fraser/0000-0002-9857-5632; Brewer, Simon/0000-0002-6810-1911 FU US National Science Foundation [EAR-0907815]; UK National Environmental Research Council (NERC); INQUA Project [0804]; International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Past Global Changes (PAGES) project; UK Quaternary Research Association; NERC [NE/I012915/1] FX This paper is a contribution to the continuing work of PArCH (Peatland Archives of Carbon and Hydrology) and INQUA Project 0804 (Peatlands as Holocene Palaeoenvironmental Archives). The paper was conceived and analyses were initiated at two workshops in 2009 (Vihula, Estonia and Dartington, England) funded by the US National Science Foundation through a grant to S. T. J. for a Workshop on Peatland Archives of Holocene Carbon and Climate Variability (EAR-0907815), the QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System) programme of the UK National Environmental Research Council (NERC), INQUA Project 0804, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Past Global Changes (PAGES) project and the UK Quaternary Research Association. D. J. C., A. G. S. and C. I. P. acknowledge NERC grant NE/I012915/1. The paper benefitted from the comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 15 U2 226 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 929 EP 944 DI 10.5194/bg-10-929-2013 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 092BE UT WOS:000315093000018 ER PT J AU Haltuch, MA Hamel, OS Piner, KR McDonald, P Kastelle, CR Field, JC AF Haltuch, Melissa A. Hamel, Owen S. Piner, Kevin R. McDonald, Patrick Kastelle, Craig R. Field, John C. TI A California Current bomb radiocarbon reference chronology and petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) age validation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-METHODS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; OTOLITHS; ROCKFISH; ACCURACY; OREGON; GROWTH; COAST; FISH; C-14 AB As petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) is a valuable groundfish harvested in the California Current, proper ageing is important for its assessment and management. This study presents the first bomb radiocarbon reference chronology for the California Current and petrale sole age validation. Break-and-burn and surface ages are negatively biased by approximately 1 year and 2-3 years, respectively. The reference and validation curves are more variable and show a lag in the rate of radiocarbon increase in comparison to most other time series of bomb radiocarbon in marine systems. Upwelling in the California Current produces a lagged rate of increase in radiocarbon levels owing to the introduction and mixing of radiocarbon-depleted deep waters with surface waters that interact with the atmosphere. The variable and lagged rate of radiocarbon increase in the petrale sole data may be due to their spending a substantial portion of their first year of life in areas subject to variable upwelling, illustrating the importance of using reference curves for age validation that are region and species specific when possible. C1 [Haltuch, Melissa A.; Hamel, Owen S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McDonald, Patrick] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Ageing Lab, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kastelle, Craig R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Field, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Haltuch, MA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM melissa.haltuch@noaa.gov OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2011-0504 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000004 ER PT J AU Larson, WA Utter, FM Myers, KW Templin, WD Seeb, JE Guthrie, CM Bugaev, AV Seeb, LW AF Larson, Wesley A. Utter, Fred M. Myers, Katherine W. Templin, William D. Seeb, James E. Guthrie, Charles M., III Bugaev, Alexander V. Seeb, Lisa W. TI Single-nucleotide polymorphisms reveal distribution and migration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHUM SALMON; NONMODEL ORGANISMS; ALASKA; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; DNA; INSIGHTS; MANAGEMENT AB We genotyped Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean for 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate seasonal distribution and migration patterns. We analyzed 3563 immature fish from 22 spatiotemporal strata; composition analyses were performed using genotype data from spawning stocks spanning the species range. Substantial variation in stock composition existed among spatial and seasonal strata. We inferred patterns of seasonal migration based upon these data along with data from previous tag, scale, and parasite studies. We found that stocks from western Alaska and Yukon River overwinter on the Alaska continental shelf then travel to the middle and western Bering Sea during spring-fall. Stocks from California to Southeast Alaska were distributed in Gulf of Alaska year-round, with a substantial portion of this group migrating northward to the eastern Bering Sea during spring-fall. Proportions of Russian stocks increase when moving east to west in both the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. These data can be used to better understand the impacts of fisheries and climate change on this valuable resource. C1 [Larson, Wesley A.; Utter, Fred M.; Myers, Katherine W.; Seeb, James E.; Seeb, Lisa W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Templin, William D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Guthrie, Charles M., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bugaev, Alexander V.] KamchatNIR, Kamchatka Fishery & Oceanog Res Inst, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683602, Russia. RP Seeb, LW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lseeb@uw.edu FU H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence (University of Washington); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) groundfish fishery observers and the officers, crews, and scientists of the Wakatake maru, Hokko maru, and TINRO for collection of the samples. The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission's Research Planning and Coordination Group (RPCG) and Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) Working Group coordinated the exchange of high seas research vessel samples and data. The North Pacific Groundfish Observer (OBS) Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and NOAA provided scale samples and associated data collected from groundfish fishery observers. Additional scale samples from the bycatch in the Bering Sea pollock fishery were provided by John Gruver of United Catcher Boats. A large number of colleagues helped to make this study a success, including Andrew Barclay and Judy Berger, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; and Carita Pascal, Robert Hall, Robert Walker, Janet Armstrong, and Nancy Davis, University of Washington. WAL was supported by the H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence (University of Washington). Funding for this project was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through a grant to JES and LWS. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the US Department of Commerce, or the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 128 EP 141 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0233 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000014 ER PT J AU Beard, BL Ludois, JM Lapen, TJ Johnson, CM AF Beard, Brian L. Ludois, James M. Lapen, Thomas J. Johnson, Clark M. TI Pre-4.0 billion year weathering on Mars constrained by Rb-Sr geochronology on meteorite ALH84001 SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE geochronology; Sr isotopes; Mars; carbonate; weathering ID ALLAN HILLS 84001; ALTERED OCEANIC-CRUST; MARTIAN METEORITE; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; EARLY DIFFERENTIATION; THERMAL METAMORPHISM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ODP SITE-801 AB The timing and nature of aqueous alteration of meteorite ALH84001 has important implications for the history of water on early Mars, the evolution of the Martian atmosphere, and the potential for early Mars habitability. Rubidium-Sr isotope analyses of mineral separates from igneous-textured and carbonate-rich aliquots of Martian meteorite ALH84001 constrain the age of alteration and the source of fluids. The carbonate-rich aliquot defines a precise Rb-Sr isochron between maskelynite, orthopyroxene, and chromite of 3952 +/- 22 Ma, and this is interpreted to represent a shock resetting event that was broadly coeval with carbonate precipitation. Carbonate, bulk rock, and multi-mineral separates all have high Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios that can only have been produced by alteration via a fluid derived through interaction with high Rb/Sr phyllosilicates that were produced prior to 3950 Ma. These data confirm that the source of Sr in the fluids was previously altered crustal rock, consistent with fluids that underwent low-temperature water-rock interaction (Eiler et al., 2002; Halvey et al., 2011). These results therefore provide evidence for wet, clay-rich conditions on the surface of Mars prior to similar to 4.2 Ga. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beard, Brian L.; Ludois, James M.; Johnson, Clark M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Beard, Brian L.; Ludois, James M.; Johnson, Clark M.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Lapen, Thomas J.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Beard, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM beardb@geology.wisc.edu FU NASA [NNG05GP35G, NNX09AC06G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX Financial support was provided by the NASA Grants NNG05GP35G and NNX09AC06G, including support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute. We thank Minako Righter for providing portions of the 403 aliquot and for her help with mineral separations at UH. We thank Tim Elliot, Oliver Nebel, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on this paper. NR 79 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 361 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.021 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 089JO UT WOS:000314907000019 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CW Beggan, CD Still, S Beuthe, M Lopes, RMC Williams, DA Radebaugh, J Wright, W AF Hamilton, Christopher W. Beggan, Ciaran D. Still, Susanne Beuthe, Mikael Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Williams, David A. Radebaugh, Jani Wright, William TI Spatial distribution of volcanoes on Io: Implications for tidal heating and magma ascent SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanism; hotspots; paterae; spatial distribution; tidal dissipation; Io ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; GALILEO; DISSIPATION; FLOW; LITHOSPHERE; MOUNTAINS; OCEAN; CONVECTION; CALDERAS; INTERIOR AB Extreme volcanism on Io results from tidal heating, but its tidal dissipation mechanisms and magma ascent processes are poorly constrained. Here we analyze the distribution of volcanic hotspots and paterae identified within the first 1:15,000,000-scale global geologic map of Io to characterize their patterns of spatial organization. Ionian hotspots correspond to the locations of positive thermal anomalies that have been detected since 1979, whereas paterae are caldera-like volcano-tectonic depressions that record locations of volcanic activity over a longer period of geologic time (up to similar to 1 million years). Some (similar to 20%) of patera floor units are associated with active hotspots, but the majority appeared to be extinct or dormant at the time of observation. Volcano distributions are useful for testing interior models of Io because the relative strength of tidal heating in the asthenosphere and deep-mantle greatly affect expected patterns of surface heat flux. We examine the spatial distribution of volcanic centers using nearest neighbor (NN) statistics and distance-based clustering. Nearest neighbor analysis reveals that hotspots (i.e., sites of active volcanism) are globally random, but closer to the equator, they are uniform (i.e., more widely spaced than a random model would predict). This suggests that magma scavenging around active volcanic systems in the near-equatorial region may drive hotspots apart, whereas vigorous mantle convection and/or deep-mantle heating may reduce surface heat flux variations and promote spatial randomness on a global scale. In contrast to the hotspots, NN patera floor units tend to be clustered, which implies that multiple eruptive units tend to form in association with most volcanic systems. Generalized paterae, which represent volcanic systems, tend to be uniformly distributed, except in the northern regions, where their distribution is random. This implies that most volcanic systems interact with one another and repel, except at high northern latitudes, where they appear to form independently. Distance-based clustering results support a dominant role for asthenospheric heating within Io, but show a 30-60 degrees eastward offset in volcano concentrations from predicted locations of maximum surface heat flux along the tidal axis. This offset may imply faster than synchronous rotation, a role for lateral advection of magma within Io's interior prior to its eruption, state of stress controls on the locations of magma ascent, and/or a missing component in existing tidal dissipation models, such as the effects of fluid tides generated within a globally extensive layer of interconnected partial melt. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamilton, Christopher W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Beggan, Ciaran D.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Still, Susanne; Wright, William] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Beuthe, Mikael] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Williams, David A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Hamilton, CW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Mail Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christopher.hamilton@nasa.gov RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA [NNG05GH43G, NNX08AQ66G]; PRODEX program FX C.W.H. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Funding for geological mapping comes to D.A.W. from the NASA Grant nos. NNG05GH43G and NNX08AQ66G. M.B. is supported by the PRODEX program managed by the European Space Agency and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. R.M.C.L. carried out her contribution at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank L. Glaze, L. Kestay, L. Miller, A. Rivoldini, B. Bruno, and R. Tyler for constructive discussions, T. Hare and T. Becker for their assistance exploring the resolution of the original Galileo-Voyager imagery, and M. Kirchoff and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough and insightful reviews. This paper is published with the permission of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey (NERC). NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 361 BP 272 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.032 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 089JO UT WOS:000314907000028 ER PT J AU Hahne, GE AF Hahne, G. E. TI Variance of the quantum dwell time for a nonrelativistic particle SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY; ENERGY AB Munoz, Seidel, and Muga [Phys. Rev. A 79, 012108 (2009)], following an earlier proposal by Pollak and Miller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 115 (1984)] in the context of a theory of a collinear chemical reaction, showed that suitable moments of a two-flux correlation function could be manipulated to yield expressions for the mean quantum dwell time and mean square quantum dwell time for a structureless particle scattering from a time-independent potential energy field between two parallel lines in a two-dimensional spacetime. The present work proposes a generalization to a charged, nonrelativistic particle scattering from a transient, spatially confined electromagnetic vector potential in four-dimensional spacetime. The geometry of the spacetime domain is that of the slab between a pair of parallel planes, in particular, those defined by constant values of the third (z) spatial coordinate. The mean Nth power, N = 1, 2, 3, ... , of the quantum dwell time in the slab is given by an expression involving an N-flux-correlation function. All these means are shown to be nonnegative. The N = 1 formula reduces to an S-matrix result published previously [G. E. Hahne, J. Phys. A 36, 7149 (2003)]; an explicit formula for N = 2, and of the variance of the dwell time in terms of the S-matrix, is worked out. A formula representing an incommensurability principle between variances of the output-minus-input flux of a pair of dynamical variables (such as the particle's time flux and others) is derived. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4776657] C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hahne, GE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Gerhard.E.Hahne@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 AR 012110 DI 10.1063/1.4776657 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 086YR UT WOS:000314726700015 ER PT J AU Daigle, MJ Smelyanskiy, VN Boschee, J Foygel, M AF Daigle, Matthew J. Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. Boschee, Jacob Foygel, Michael TI Temperature Stratification in a Cryogenic Fuel Tank SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID NEWTONIAN FLUID-FLOW; LIQUID-HYDROGEN; HEAT-TRANSFER; STORAGE AB A reduced dynamic model describing temperature stratification effects driven by natural convection in a liquid hydrogen cryogenic fuel tank has been developed. It accounts for cryogenic propellant loading, storage, and unloading in the conditions of normal, increased, and microgravity. The model involves multiple horizontal control volumes in both liquid and ullage spaces. Temperature and velocity boundary layers at the tank walls are taken into account by using correlation relations. Heat exchange involving the tank wall is considered by means of the lumped-parameter method. By employing basic conservation laws, the model takes into consideration the major multiphase mass and energy exchange processes involved, such as condensation-evaporation of the hydrogen, as well as flows of hydrogen liquid and vapor in the presence of pressurizing helium gas. The model involves a liquid hydrogen feed line and a tank ullage vent valve for pressure control. The temperature stratification effects are investigated, including in the presence of vent valve oscillations. A simulation of temperature stratification effects in a generic cryogenic tank has been implemented in MATLAB and results are presented for various tank conditions. C1 [Daigle, Matthew J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Boschee, Jacob; Foygel, Michael] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Daigle, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. OI Daigle, Matthew/0000-0002-4616-3302 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.2514/1.T3933 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 091SG UT WOS:000315069500013 ER PT J AU Larson, EK Perrings, C AF Larson, E. K. Perrings, C. TI The value of water-related amenities in an arid city: The case of the Phoenix metropolitan area SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Urban ecology; Hedonic model; GIS; Water; Phoenix ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CONTINGENT VALUATION; PROPERTY-VALUES; CENTRAL ARIZONA; LAND-COVER; OPEN SPACE; URBAN; USA; VEGETATION; BENEFITS AB In the arid metropolitan area of Phoenix, AZ, water resources play a vital role in maintaining and enhancing the urban ecosystem. There are several examples of "luxury" uses of water to create amenities not common to desert ecosystems: reduced temperatures, artificial lakes, golf courses, and abundant vegetation. In this study our goal was to appraise the relative value of these water-related amenities for urban residents. We correlated spatially explicit housing sales data from the Maricopa County Assessor's Office with environmental and locational data provided by the Central Arizona - Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research project to construct hedonic models at the regional and local scales to estimate the marginal willingness to pay for amenities associated with intensive water use. Our results revealed the preferences of homeowners for lowered temperatures, and vegetation abundance, however we found proximity to small parks to be generally considered a disamenity despite their frequent landscape design of grass, trees, and artificial lakes. At the local level of analysis, our analyses found examples where one attribute (e.g., plant richness) is considered an amenity in one place, but a disamenity in another, suggesting that there may be several markets in the metropolitan region. Because climate change models predict the US Southwest to become hotter and drier, evaluation of the importance of these water-dependent luxury amenities will be vital for future planning. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larson, E. K.] Univ Washington, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Larson, E. K.; Perrings, C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Larson, EK (reprint author), NASA, Div Earth Sci, Mail Suite 3B74,300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM libby.larson@nasa.gov FU Science Foundation of Arizona; National Science Foundation [987612] FX Many thanks to Alex Buyantuyev for assistance with GIS analysis. Funding for this project provided by the Science Foundation of Arizona for the project "Environmental and Economic Impacts of Material Used in Future Urban Development," and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 987612, IGERT in Urban Ecology. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 15 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 109 IS 1 SI SI BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.008 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 068SV UT WOS:000313387400005 ER PT J AU Lee, S Kim, S Janes, DB Meyyappan, M Ju, S AF Lee, Sumi Kim, Seongmin Janes, David B. Meyyappan, M. Ju, Sanghyun TI Red-green-blue light sensitivity of oxide nanowire transistors for transparent display applications SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; PHOTODETECTORS; ELECTRONICS; FABRICATION AB In this study, the sensitivity of oxide nanowire transistors under red (R, 470 nm), green (G, 530 nm), and blue (B, 625 nm) light illumination was investigated. As the wavelength of light illuminating the nanowire channel region became shorter, a negative shift of threshold voltage, degradation of subthreshold slope, and increase of on-current were observed. This phenomenon can be explained in terms of photoinduced holes, creating interfacial traps between the gate dielectric and nanowire channel or reacting with oxygen ions on the surface of the nanowires. Thus, the attempt to minimize characteristic changes due to all RGB light sources was performed by employing ultraviolet-ozone treatment and passivation process. As a result, we could successfully fabricate oxide nanowire transistors providing high optical reliability which has broadened the possibilities for applying it to transparent and/or flexible pixel operation circuitry for displays with high optical reliability. Copyright 2013 Author(s). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789405] C1 [Lee, Sumi; Ju, Sanghyun] Kyonggi Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 443760, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Kim, Seongmin; Janes, David B.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Seongmin; Janes, David B.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Meyyappan, M.] POSTECH, Div IT Convergence Eng, Pohang, South Korea. RP Ju, S (reprint author), Kyonggi Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 443760, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM shju@kgu.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2012K001317, 2012R1A2A2A01013734]; World Class University program at POSTECH [R31-2008-000-10 100-0] FX This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012K001317 and 2012R1A2A2A01013734). The World Class University program at POSTECH under Project R31-2008-000-10 100-0 is also acknowledged. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 AR 012112 DI 10.1063/1.4789405 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 086XH UT WOS:000314722300012 ER PT J AU Kent, ST McClure, LA Judd, SE Howard, VJ Crosson, WL Al-Hamdan, MZ Wadley, VG Peace, F Kabagambe, EK AF Kent, Shia T. McClure, Leslie A. Judd, Suzanne E. Howard, Virginia J. Crosson, William L. Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z. Wadley, Virginia G. Peace, Fredrick Kabagambe, Edmond K. TI Short- and Long-Term Sunlight Radiation and Stroke Incidence SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SOLAR-RADIATION; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; EXPOSURE; RISK AB Objective: Examine whether long-and short-term sunlight radiation is related to stroke incidence. Methods: Fifteen-year residential histories merged with satellite, ground monitor, and model reanalysis data were used to determine sunlight radiation (insolation) and temperature exposure for a cohort of 16,606 stroke and coronary artery disease-free black and white participants aged >= 45 years from the 48 contiguous United States. Fifteen-, 10-, 5-, 2-, and 1-year exposures were used to predict stroke incidence during follow-up in Cox proportional hazard models. Potential confounders and mediators were included during model building. Results: Shorter exposure periods exhibited similar, but slightly stronger relationships than longer exposure periods. After adjustment for other covariates, the previous year's monthly average insolation exposure below the median gave a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.26), and the previous year's highest compared to the second highest quartile of monthly average maximum temperature exposure gave an HR of 1.92 (95%, 1.27-2.92). Interpretation: These results indicate a relationship between lower levels of sunlight radiation and higher stroke incidence. The biological pathway of this relationship is not clear. Future research will show whether this finding stands, the pathway for this relationship, and whether it is due to short-or long-term exposures. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:32-37 C1 [Kent, Shia T.; Howard, Virginia J.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [McClure, Leslie A.; Judd, Suzanne E.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Crosson, William L.; Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Wadley, Virginia G.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kent, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM shia@uab.edu RI McClure, Leslie/P-2929-2015; OI Kabagambe, Edmond/0000-0002-8993-3186 FU NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [U01 NS041588]; NASA [NNX09AV81G] FX This research project is supported by cooperative agreement U01 NS041588 from the NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Additional funding, data, data processing, and consultation were provided by an investigator-initiated grant from NASA (grant NNX09AV81G). NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 73 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1002/ana.23737 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 086CN UT WOS:000314660800008 PM 23225379 ER PT J AU Blattnig, SR Luckring, JM Morrison, JH Sylvester, AJ Tripathi, RK Zang, TA AF Blattnig, Steve R. Luckring, James M. Morrison, Joseph H. Sylvester, Andre J. Tripathi, Ram K. Zang, Thomas A. TI NASA Standard for Models and Simulations: Philosophy and Requirements Overview SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 04-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA AB Following the Columbia Accident Investigation Board report, the NASA Administrator chartered an executive team (known as the Diaz Team) to identify those report elements with NASA-wide applicability and to develop corrective measures to address each element. One such measure was the development of a standard for the development, documentation, and operation of models and simulations. The resulting standard attempts to develop a general framework for communicating information to decision makers by including programmatic, documentation, and reporting requirements. It also includes a scale intended to measure the credibility associated with model and simulation results. This report describes the philosophy and requirements overview of the resulting NASA Standard for Models and Simulations. C1 [Blattnig, Steve R.; Tripathi, Ram K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Durabil Damage Tolerance & Reliabil Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Luckring, James M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Configurat Aerodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Morrison, Joseph H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Sylvester, Andre J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Software Robot & Simulat Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Zang, Thomas A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Anal & Concepts Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Blattnig, SR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Durabil Damage Tolerance & Reliabil Branch, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.2514/1.C000303 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 086EQ UT WOS:000314667100002 ER PT J AU Jain, R Yeo, H Chopra, I AF Jain, Rohit Yeo, Hyeonsoo Chopra, Inderjit TI Investigation of Trailing-Edge Flap Gap Effects on Rotor Performance Using High-Fidelity Analysis SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 09-12, 2012 CL Nashville, TN SP AIAA ID ACTIVE CONTROLS; ENHANCEMENT; AIRLOADS; DYNAMICS AB Effects of trailing-edge flap gaps on rotor performance are investigated using a high-fidelity coupled computational fluid dynamics computational structural dynamics analysis. Both integral flap (the flap is an integral part of the blade such that there are no physical gaps at the flap ends) and discrete flap (the flap is a separate entity with physical gaps in the span and chord directions) are examined on an UH-60A rotor at high-speed forward-flight conditions. A novel grid deformation scheme based on the Delaunay graph mapping is developed and implemented to allow the computational fluid dynamics modeling of the gaps with minimal distortion of mesh around the flap gap regions. This method offers an alternative to the traditional approach of modeling such configurations using overset meshes. The simulation results show that the effectiveness of the flap is minimally affected with span gaps; the penalty on rotor performance is of the order of 1% compared to the integral flap. On the other hand, the chord gaps significantly degrade the benefits of active flap on rotor performance due to the flow penetration between the upper and lower surfaces of the flap. C1 [Jain, Rohit] HyPerComp Inc, Westlake Village, CA USA. [Yeo, Hyeonsoo] USA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Chopra, Inderjit] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jain, R (reprint author), HyPerComp Inc, Westlake Village, CA USA. EM rjain@merlin.arc.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.2514/1.C031837 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 086EQ UT WOS:000314667100014 ER PT J AU Wang, JT AF Wang, John T. TI Investigating Some Technical Issues on Cohesive Zone Modeling of Fracture SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CRACK-GROWTH; BRITTLE MATERIALS; DELAMINATION; COMPOSITES; SIMULATION; THERMODYNAMICS; PARAMETERS; CONCRETE; DAMAGE; METAL AB This study investigates some technical issues related to the use of cohesive zone models (CZMs) in modeling the fracture of materials with negligible plasticity outside the fracture process zone. These issues include: (1) why cohesive laws of different shapes can produce similar fracture predictions, (2) under what conditions CZM predictions have a high degree of agreement with linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analysis results, (3) when the shape of cohesive laws becomes important in the fracture predictions, and (4) why the opening profile along the cohesive zone length (CZL) needs to be accurately predicted. Two cohesive models were used in this study to address these technical issues. They are the linear softening cohesive model and the Dugdale perfectly plastic cohesive model. Each cohesive model uses five cohesive laws of different maximum tractions. All cohesive laws have the same cohesive work rate (CWR) defined by the area under the traction-separation curve. The effects of the maximum traction on the cohesive zone length and the critical remote applied stress are investigated for both models. The following conclusions from this study may provide some guidelines for the prediction of fracture using CZM. For a CZM to predict a fracture load similar to that obtained by an LEFM analysis, the cohesive zone length needs to be much smaller than the crack length, which reflects the small-scale yielding condition requirement for LEFM analysis to be valid. For large-scale cohesive zone cases, the predicted critical remote applied stresses depend on the shape of the cohesive models used and can significantly deviate from LEFM results. Furthermore, this study also reveals the importance of accurately predicting the cohesive zone profile for determining the critical remote applied load. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007605] C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wang, JT (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM john.t.wang@nasa.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 26 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2013 VL 135 IS 1 AR 011003 DI 10.1115/1.4007605 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 087FN UT WOS:000314746800003 ER PT J AU Klankowski, SA Rojeski, RA Cruden, BA Liu, JW Wu, J Li, J AF Klankowski, Steven A. Rojeski, Ronald A. Cruden, Brett A. Liu, Jianwei Wu, Judy Li, Jun TI A high-performance lithium-ion battery anode based on the core-shell heterostructure of silicon-coated vertically aligned carbon nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CAPACITY; ENERGY-STORAGE; LI; ELECTRODES; ARRAYS; NANOWIRES; ARCHITECTURES; INTERCONNECT; CHALLENGES; DESIGN AB This study reports a high-performance hybrid lithium-ion anode material using coaxially coated silicon shells on vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) cores. The unique "cup-stacking" graphitic microstructure makes VACNFs a good lithium-ion intercalation medium and, more importantly, a robust bush-like conductive core to effectively connect high-capacity silicon shells for lithium-ion storage. The vertical core-shell nanowires remain well separated from each other even after coating with bulk quantities of silicon (equivalent to 1.5 mu m thick solid films). This open structure allows the silicon shells to freely expand/contract in the radial direction during lithium-ion insertion/extraction. A high specific capacity of 3000-3650 mA h (g(Si))(-1), comparable to the maximum value of amorphous silicon, has been achieved. About 89% of the capacity is retained after 100 charge-discharge cycles at the C/1 rate. After long cycling, the electrode material becomes even more stable, showing the invariant lithium-ion storage capacity as the charge-discharge rate is increased by 20 times from C/10 to C/0.5 (or 2C). The ability to obtain high capacity at significantly improved power rates while maintaining the extraordinary cycle stability demonstrates that this novel structure could be a promising anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. C1 [Klankowski, Steven A.; Li, Jun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Rojeski, Ronald A.] Catalyst Power Technol, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. [Cruden, Brett A.] NASA, Ames Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Liu, Jianwei; Wu, Judy] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Klankowski, SA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rarojeski@gmail.com; junli@ksu.edu RI Li, Jun/H-7771-2013 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-3689-8946 FU NSF grant [CMMI-1100830]; Kansas Space Grant Consortium; NSF EPSCoR Award [EPS-0903806]; State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation FX The work at Kansas State University was supported by NSF grant CMMI-1100830, Kansas Space Grant Consortium, and partially from NSF EPSCoR Award EPS-0903806 (including the matching support from the State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation). We would like to thank Dr Lateef U. Syed, Romil Bhandavat, and Prof. Kenneth Klabunde for assistances. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 90 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1064 DI 10.1039/c2ta00057a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 085SB UT WOS:000314633500011 ER PT J AU Lewicki, DG DeSmidt, H Smith, EC Bauman, SW AF Lewicki, David G. DeSmidt, Hans Smith, Edward C. Bauman, Steven W. TI Dynamics of a Dual-Clutch Gearbox System: Analysis and Experimental Validation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY MAY 11-13, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Dynamic simulations and experimental validation tests were performed on a two-stage, two-speed gearbox. The gearbox was driven by two electromagnetic motors and had two electromagnetic, multidisk clutches to control output speed. A dynamic model of the system was created, which included a DC electric motor with proportional-integral-derivative speed control, a two-speed gearbox with dual electromagnetically actuated clutches, and an eddy current dynamometer. A six-degree-of-freedom model of the gearbox accounted for the system torsional dynamics and included gear, clutch, shaft, and load inertias as well as shaft flexibilities and a dry clutch stick-slip friction model. Experimental validation tests were performed on the gearbox in the NASA Glenn gear noise test facility. Gearbox output speed and torque as well as drive motor speed and current were compared to those from the analytical predictions. The experiments correlate very well with the predictions, thus validating the dynamic simulation methodologies. C1 [Lewicki, David G.; Bauman, Steven W.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [DeSmidt, Hans] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Smith, Edward C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lewicki, DG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM david.g.lewicki@nasa.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 AR 012004 DI 10.4050/JAHS.58.012004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 084RV UT WOS:000314557700005 ER PT J AU de Rooy, WC Bechtold, P Frohlich, K Hohenegger, C Jonker, H Mironov, D Siebesma, AP Teixeira, J Yano, JI AF de Rooy, Wim C. Bechtold, Peter Froehlich, Kristina Hohenegger, Cathy Jonker, Harm Mironov, Dmitrii Siebesma, A. Pier Teixeira, Joao Yano, Jun-Ichi TI Entrainment and detrainment in cumulus convection: an overview SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE large-eddy simulation; parametrisations; lateral mixing ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MASS-FLUX SCHEME; SHALLOW CUMULUS; DIURNAL CYCLE; PART I; DEEP CONVECTION; CLOUD ENSEMBLE; WARM CUMULUS AB Entrainment and detrainment processes have been recognised for a long time as key processes for cumulus convection and have recently witnessed a regrowth of interest mainly due to the capability of large-eddy simulations (LES) to diagnose these processes in more detail. This article has a twofold purpose. Firstly, it provides a historical overview of the past research on these mixing processes, and secondly, it highlights more recent important developments. These include both fundamental process studies using LES aiming to improve our understanding of the mixing process, but also more practical studies targeted toward an improved parametrised representation of entrainment and detrainment in large-scale models. A highlight of the fundamental studies resolves a long-lasting controversy by showing that lateral entrainment is the dominant mixing mechanism in comparison with the cloud-top entrainment in shallow cumulus convection. The more practical studies provide a wide variety of new parametrisations with sometimes conflicting approaches to the way in which the effect of the free tropospheric humidity on the lateral mixing is taken into account. An important new insight that will be highlighted is that, despite the focus in the literature on entrainment, it appears that it is rather the detrainment process that determines the vertical structure of the convection in general and the mass flux especially. Finally, in order to speed up progress and stimulate convergence in future parametrisations, stronger and more systematic use of LES is advocated. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [de Rooy, Wim C.; Siebesma, A. Pier] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Bechtold, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Froehlich, Kristina; Mironov, Dmitrii] Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Hohenegger, Cathy] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Jonker, Harm; Siebesma, A. Pier] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Multiscale Phys, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. [Teixeira, Joao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yano, Jun-Ichi] CNRS INSU MeteoFrance, GAME CNRM, URA 1357, Toulouse, France. RP de Rooy, WC (reprint author), KNMI, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM rooyde@knmi.nl FU European Commission through the COST Action [ES0905] FX Helpful discussions with Kees Kok and Stephan de Roode are greatly appreciated. We thank Peter Blossey for having performed some of the LES shown in this study. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their useful comments. This study was initiated and partially supported by the European Commission through the COST Action ES0905. NR 98 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 139 IS 670 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1002/qj.1959 PN A PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087JQ UT WOS:000314758000001 ER PT J AU Allen, G Vaughan, G Toniazzo, T Coe, H Connolly, P Yuter, SE Burleyson, CD Minnis, P Ayers, JK AF Allen, G. Vaughan, G. Toniazzo, T. Coe, H. Connolly, P. Yuter, S. E. Burleyson, C. D. Minnis, P. Ayers, J. K. TI Gravity-wave-induced perturbations in marine stratocumulus SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE VOCALS; stratocumulus; gravity waves; pockets of open cells; cloud microphysics; scale interactions ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; VOCALS-REX; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; EAST PACIFIC; MESOSCALE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; DYNAMICS; BREAKING; DRIZZLE AB We discuss the role of atmospheric gravity waves in modulating cloud radiative and dynamical properties over the southeast Pacific. Satellite imagery and satellite-retrieved cloud properties during October 2008 illustrate three distinct episodes of horizontal propagation of gravity wave trains across the large-scale stratocumulus (Sc) cloud deck capping the local marine boundary layer. In one period, 79 October 2008, the waves modulated cloud-top-height by up to 400 m peak-to-trough, propagating perpendicular to the synoptic boundary layer flow with phase speed 15.3 m s1, period approximate to 1 h and horizontal wavelength 55 km. The gravity waves were observed to be non-dispersive. These waves were first evident in the cloud deck near 30 degrees S, 85 degrees W during a 24 h period beginning at midday on 7 October 2008, and propagated northeastward toward the Peruvian coast for the following 48 h. During this time they induced both reversible and non-reversible changes in cloud-radiative and cloud-dynamic properties, such that areas of clear sky developed in the troughs of passing wave-fronts. These pockets of open cells persisted long after the passage of the gravity waves, advecting northwestward with the background wind. Using the analysis fields of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in conjunction with infrared and microwave satellite imagery, we show that these gravity waves emerged from a disturbed subtropical jet stream. The radiant of the waves was coincident in all cases with centres of large negative residuals in nonlinear balance, suggesting that geostrophic readjustment of sharply divergent flows associated with the disturbed jet provided a source for the wave energy. Conversely, gravity waves were not observed in more quiescent jet conditions. This case study highlights the important and irreversible effects that gravity waves propagating in the troposphere can have on cloud radiative properties (and hence surface radiation budgets) over a very wide area. It also highlights the importance of synoptic influence on Sc-covered marine boundary layers. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Allen, G.; Vaughan, G.; Coe, H.; Connolly, P.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Toniazzo, T.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Yuter, S. E.; Burleyson, C. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Allen, G (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Simon Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM grant.allen@manchester.ac.uk RI Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Allen, Grant /A-7737-2013; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Vaughan, Geraint/O-2459-2015; Connolly, Paul/A-2024-2012; Burleyson, Casey/F-1833-2016 OI Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Allen, Grant /0000-0002-7070-3620; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Vaughan, Geraint/0000-0002-0885-0398; Connolly, Paul/0000-0002-3294-7405; Burleyson, Casey/0000-0001-6218-9361 FU Natural Environment Research Council consortium grant [NE/F019874/1]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [GC09-252b]; US National Aeronautical and Space Administration [NNX10AP43H, NNX11AE98G]; Department of Energy ARM Program; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program FX The UK element of the VOCALS-REx campaign was funded by a Natural Environment Research Council consortium grant (Grant ref: NE/F019874/1). We thank the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for operational reanalysis data, provided by the British Atmospheric Data Centre (available from http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/data/ecmwf-op/). Yuter and Burleyson were supported by US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant GC09-252b and US National Aeronautical and Space Administration grants NNX10AP43H and NNX11AE98G. Support for developing the GOES-10 data products was provided by the Department of Energy ARM Program and the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program. Matthew Miller of North Carolina State University is also thanked for assistance in the plotting of Figure 7. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 139 IS 670 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.1002/qj.1952 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087JQ UT WOS:000314758000003 ER PT J AU Estabrook, FB AF Estabrook, Frank B. TI Specialized Orthonormal Frames and Embedding SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE embedding; orthonormal frames; Cartan theory AB We discuss some specializations of the frames of flat orthonormal frame bundles over geometries of indefinite signature, and the resulting symmetries of families of embedded Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian geometries. The specializations are closed sets of linear constraints on the connection 1-forms of the framing. The embeddings can be isometric, as in minimal surfaces or Regge-Teitelboim gravity, or torsion-free, as in Einstein vacuum gravity. Involutive exterior differential systems are given, and their Cartan character tables calculated to express the well-posedness of the underlying partial differential embedding and specialization equations. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Estabrook, FB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM frank.b.estabrook@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2013 VL 9 AR 012 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2013.012 PG 5 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 088WU UT WOS:000314869400001 ER PT J AU Rittger, K Painter, TH Dozier, J AF Rittger, Karl Painter, Thomas H. Dozier, Jeff TI Assessment of methods for mapping snow cover from MODIS SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Snow; Remote sensing; Mountain hydrology; MODIS ID LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; SATELLITE DATA; GRAIN-SIZE; SUBPIXEL RESOLUTION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; WATER EQUIVALENT; NORTH-AMERICA; RIVER-BASIN; AREA; VALIDATION AB Characterization of snow is critical for understanding Earth's water and energy cycles. Maps of snow from MODIS have seen growing use in investigations of climate, hydrology, and glaciology, but the lack of rigorous validation of different snow mapping methods compromises these studies. We examine three widely used MODIS snow products: the "binary" (i.e., snow yes/no) global snow maps that were among the initial MODIS standard products; a more recent standard MODIS fractional snow product; and another fractional snow product, MODSCAG, based on spectral mixture analysis. We compare them to maps of snow obtained from Landsat ETM+ data, whose 30 m spatial resolution provides nearly 300 samples within a 500 m MODIS nadir pixel. The assessment uses 172 images spanning a range of snow and vegetation conditions, including the Colorado Rocky Mountains, the Upper Rio Grande, California's Sierra Nevada, and the Nepal Himalaya. MOD10A1 binary and fractional fail to retrieve snow in the transitional periods during accumulation and melt while MODSCAG consistently maintains its retrieval ability during these periods. Averaged over all regions, the RMSE for MOD10A1 fractional is 0.23, whereas the MODSCAG RMSE is 0.10. MODSCAG performs the most consistently through accumulation, mid-winter and melt, with median differences ranging from -0.16 to 0.04 while differences for MOD10A1 fractional range from -0.34 to 0.35. MODSCAG maintains its performance over all land cover classes and throughout a larger range of land surface properties. Characterizing snow cover by spectral mixing is more accurate than empirical methods based on the normalized difference snow index, both for identifying where snow is and is not and for estimating the fractional snow cover within a sensor's instantaneous field-of-view. Determining the fractional value is particularly important during spring and summer melt in mountainous terrain, where large variations in snow, vegetation and soil occur over small distances and when snow can melt rapidly. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rittger, Karl; Dozier, Jeff] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dozier, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM krittger@bren.ucsb.edu; Thomas.Painter@jpl.nasa.gov; dozier@bren.ucsb.edu RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X; FU NASA [NNG04GC52A, NNX11AK35G, NNX10AO97G]; Naval Postgraduate School Award [N00244-07-1-0013]; NSF Grant [ATM0432327]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship program FX The work was supported by NASA Cooperative Agreements NNG04GC52A, NNX11AK35G, and NNX10AO97G, Naval Postgraduate School Award N00244-07-1-0013, NSF Grant ATM0432327, and the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship program. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. We appreciate thoughtful reviews by Jessica Lundquist and an anonymous referee. NR 59 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 BP 367 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.03.002 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 078NN UT WOS:000314105900022 ER PT J AU Jones, MG Watson, WR AF Jones, M. G. Watson, W. R. TI Validation of an Improved Experimental Method for Use in Impedance Eduction SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference / 32nd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2011 CL Portland, OR SP AIAA, CEAS ID ACOUSTIC-IMPEDANCE; LINER IMPEDANCE; GRAZING FLOW; DUCT AB Results from impedance eduction methods developed by NASA Langley Research Center are used throughout the acoustic liner community. Occasional anomalies persist with these methods at frequencies where the liner produces minimal attenuation. An approach to educe impedance spectra with increased confidence is demonstrated, by combining results from successive tests with different cavity depths. First, a raylometer is used to measure the DC flow resistance of three wire-mesh facesheets. These facesheets are then mounted onto frames and a normal incidence tube is used to determine their respective acoustic impedance spectra. Next, each facesheet is successively mounted onto three frames with different cavity depths, and a grazing flow impedance tube is used to educe their respective acoustic impedance spectra with and without mean flow. Since the resonance frequency varies with cavity depth, each sample provides robust results over a different frequency range. Hence, a combination of results can be used to determine the facesheet acoustic resistance. When combined with the acoustic reactance (weakly dependent on the source sound pressure level and grazing flow Mach number), the acoustic impedance can be educed with increased confidence. Representative test results are discussed, and the complete database is available in electronic format upon request. C1 [Jones, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Directorate, Struct Acoust Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Watson, W. R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Directorate, Computat Aerosci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jones, MG (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Directorate, Struct Acoust Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 186 EP 199 DI 10.2514/1.J051705 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 081JZ UT WOS:000314319400014 ER PT J AU Diskin, B Thomas, JL AF Diskin, Boris Thomas, James L. TI Comparison of Node-Centered and Cell-Centered Unstructured Finite-Volume Discretizations: Inviscid Fluxes (vol 49, pg 836, 2011) SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Diskin, Boris] Univ Virginia, NIA, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Thomas, James L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Diskin, B (reprint author), Univ Virginia, NIA, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 100 Explorat Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM bdiskin@nianet.org; james.l.thomas@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 277 EP 277 DI 10.2514/1.J051870 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 081JZ UT WOS:000314319400025 ER PT J AU Witthoeft, MC Bautista, MA Garcia, J Kaltman, TR Mendoza, C Palmeri, P Quinet, P AF Witthoeft, M. C. Bautista, M. A. Garcia, J. Kaltman, T. R. Mendoza, C. Palmeri, P. Quinet, P. TI Photoionization and photoabsorption cross sections for the aluminum iso-nuclear sequence SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; AUGER DECAY DATA; R-MATRIX METHOD; ATOMIC DATA; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; VACANCY STATES; GENERAL PROGRAM; FE-XVII; IONS; LINES AB K-shell photoionization and photoabsorption cross sections are presented for Li-like to Na-like Al. The calculations are performed using the Breit-Pauli R-matrix method where the effects of radiation and Auger dampings are included. We provide electronic data files for the raw cross sections as well as those convolved with a Gaussian of width Delta E/E = 10(-4). In addition to total cross sections for photoabsorption and photoionization, partial cross sections are available for photoionization. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Witthoeft, M. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Witthoeft, M. C.; Garcia, J.; Kaltman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bautista, M. A.; Garcia, J.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Mendoza, C.] IVIC, Ctr Fis, Caracas, Venezuela. [Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.] Univ Mons UMONS, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Quinet, P.] Univ Liege, INPAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Witthoeft, MC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM michael.c.witthoeft@nasa.gov FU NASA Astronomy and Physics Research (APRA) program; NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) FX We would like to thank the referee whose suggestions helped improve the quality of this work. Support for this research was provided in part by a grant from the NASA Astronomy and Physics Research (APRA) program. PP and PQ are respectively Research Associate and Senior Research Associate of the Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS. Financial support from this organization is acknowledged. Computational time was awarded by the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2013 VL 99 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.04.003 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 082ZH UT WOS:000314432000003 ER PT J AU Morton, DC Collatz, GJ Wang, D Randerson, JT Giglio, L Chen, Y AF Morton, D. C. Collatz, G. J. Wang, D. Randerson, J. T. Giglio, L. Chen, Y. TI Satellite-based assessment of climate controls on US burned area SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FIRE SEASON SEVERITY; EQUATORIAL ASIA; WILDLAND FIRE; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST-FIRES; WILDFIRE; REGIMES; DEFORESTATION; VARIABILITY AB Climate regulates fire activity through the buildup and drying of fuels and the conditions for fire ignition and spread. Understanding the dynamics of contemporary climate-fire relationships at national and sub-national scales is critical to assess the likelihood of changes in future fire activity and the potential options for mitigation and adaptation. Here, we conducted the first national assessment of climate controls on US fire activity using two satellite-based estimates of monthly burned area (BA), the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED, 1997-2010) and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS, 1984-2009) BA products. For each US National Climate Assessment (NCA) region, we analyzed the relationships between monthly BA and potential evaporation (PE) derived from reanalysis climate data at 0.5 degrees resolution. US fire activity increased over the past 25 yr, with statistically significant increases in MTBS BA for the entire US and the Southeast and Southwest NCA regions. Monthly PE was strongly correlated with US fire activity, yet the climate driver of PE varied regionally. Fire season temperature and shortwave radiation were the primary controls on PE and fire activity in Alaska, while water deficit (precipitation - PE) was strongly correlated with fire activity in the Plains regions and Northwest US. BA and precipitation anomalies were negatively correlated in all regions, although fuel-limited ecosystems in the Southern Plains and Southwest exhibited positive correlations with longer lead times (6-12 months). Fire season PE increased from the 1980's-2000's, enhancing climate-driven fire risk in the southern and western US where PE-BA correlations were strongest. Spatial and temporal patterns of increasing fire season PE and BA during the 1990's-2000's highlight the potential sensitivity of US fire activity to climate change in coming decades. However, climate-fire relationships at the national scale are complex, based on the diversity of fire types, ecosystems, and ignition sources within each NCA region. Changes in the seasonality or magnitude of climate anomalies are therefore unlikely to result in uniform changes in US fire activity. C1 [Morton, D. C.; Collatz, G. J.] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, D.; Giglio, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Randerson, J. T.; Chen, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Morton, DC (reprint author), NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM douglas.morton@nasa.gov RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014 OI Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X FU NASA [NNX08AF64G, NNX10AT83G]; National Climate Assessment FX This work was supported by NASA through a research award for science in support of the National Climate Assessment and NASA Grants NNX08AF64G and NNX10AT83G. We thank Ruth DeFries and Guido van der Werf for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 66 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 1 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.5194/bg-10-247-2013 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 079ME UT WOS:000314173700016 ER PT J AU Versino, D Gherlone, M Mattone, M Di Sciuva, M Tessler, A AF Versino, Daniele Gherlone, Marco Mattone, Massimiliano Di Sciuva, Marco Tessler, Alexander TI C-0 triangular elements based on the Refined Zigzag Theory for multilayer composite and sandwich plates SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Layered structures; Plates; Anisotropy; Finite element analysis (FEA); Refined Zigzag Theory ID IMPROVED INPLANE RESPONSES; SHEAR-DEFORMATION-THEORY; THICK LAMINATED BEAMS; SHALLOW SHELL ELEMENT; HIGHER-ORDER THEORY; NONLINEAR-ANALYSIS; TRANSVERSE-SHEAR; FINITE-ELEMENTS; EFFICIENT; STRESS AB The Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) has been recently developed for the analysis of homogeneous, multilayer composite and sandwich plates. The theory has a number of practical and theoretical advantages over the widely used First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and other types of higher-order and zigzag theories. Using FSDT as a baseline, RZT takes into account the stretching, bending, and transverse shear deformations. Unlike FSDT, this novel theory does not require shear correction factors to yield accurate results for a wide range of material systems including homogeneous, laminated composite, and sandwich laminates. The inplane zigzag kinematic assumptions, which compared to FSDT add two additional rotation-type kinematic variables, give rise to two types of transverse shear strain measures the classical average shear strain (as in FSDT) and another one related to the cross-sectional distortions enabled by the zigzag kinematic terms. Consequently, with a fixed number of kinematic variables, the theory enables a highly accurate modeling of multilayer composite and sandwich plates even when the laminate stacking sequence exhibits a high degree of transverse heterogeneity. Unlike most zigzag formulations, this theory is not affected by such theoretical anomalies as the vanishing of transverse shear stresses and forces along clamped boundaries. In this paper, six- and three-node, C-0-continuous, RZT-based triangular plate finite elements are developed; they provide the best compromise between computational efficiency and accuracy. The element shape functions are based on anisoparametric (aka interdependent) interpolations that ensure proper element behavior even when very thin plates are modeled. Continuous edge constraints are imposed on the transverse shear strain measures to derive coupled-field deflection shape functions, resulting in a simple and efficient three-node element. The elements are implemented in ABAQUS - a widely used commercial finite element code - by way of a user-element subroutine. The predictive capabilities of the new elements are assessed on several elasto-static problems, which include simply supported and cantilevered laminated composite and sandwich plates. The numerical results demonstrate that the new RZT-based elements provide superior predictions for modeling a wide range of laminates including highly heterogeneous sandwich laminations. They also offer substantial improvements over the existing plate elements based on FSDT as well as other higher-order and zigzag-type elements. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Versino, Daniele; Gherlone, Marco; Mattone, Massimiliano; Di Sciuva, Marco] Politecn Torino, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Tessler, Alexander] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech & Concepts Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Versino, D (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM daniele.versino@polito.it OI Gherlone, Marco/0000-0002-5711-0046 NR 65 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 EI 1879-1069 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44 IS 1 BP 218 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.05.026 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 074ZS UT WOS:000313854200026 ER PT J AU Suntsov, A Domokos, R AF Suntsov, Andrey Domokos, Reka TI Vertically migrating micronekton and macrozooplankton communities around Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Mesopelagic assemblages; Micronekton; Diel vertical migration; Mesopelagic fish biomass; Community structure; Central Gyre; North Equatorial Current; North Equatorial Countercurrent; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; MESOPELAGIC FISHES; HAWAIIAN WATERS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; JAPANESE EEL; OCEAN; ECOLOGY; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON AB The distribution, biomass, and assemblages of vertically migrating micronekton/macrozooplankton were studied in relation to oceanographic conditions around Guam and the adjacent Northern Mariana Islands during Spring 2010, using 3-m(2) Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl (IKMT). The study area was located within the oligotrophic waters of the westward flowing North Equatorial Current (NEC). However, southern stations of the survey were situated close to the northern boundary of the more productive North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), where we observed the highest biomass, abundance, species richness, and diversity of pelagic organisms. Overall, we recorded 85 species from 20 families of mostly mesopelagic species in the area, with lanternfishes (Myctophidae-40 species) and dragonfishes (Stomiidae-18 species) being the most taxonomically diverse groups. Three genera of mesopelagic shrimps, Sergestes, Janicella and Sergia, dominated the decapod crustacean component of the micronekton community numerically and by biomass, while the contribution from cephalopods was relatively minor. Assemblages of major micronekton/macrozooplankton groups, based on biomass and abundance showed principal changes with latitude. However, the classification and ordination analysis, based on taxonomically resolved taxa (fishes and decapod shrimps), indicated additional zonal variation, with areas east and west of the island chain showing different community structure. The mean total micronekton biomass for the area near the productive boundary region between the NEC and NECC was 5.8 mg/m(3), with a mean biomass of 1.2 mg/m(3) obtained for stations in the oligotrophic NEC area. The corresponding biomass of mesopelagic fishes was 0.88 mg/m(3) and 0.24 mg/m(3) for these two areas, respectively. We reviewed and compared the available information on the quantitative distribution of midwater fish biomass in the western tropical Pacific and outlined major patterns of variation in the equatorial Pacific in general. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Suntsov, Andrey] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Domokos, Reka] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Suntsov, A (reprint author), Deep Ocean Res & Dev, POB 22491, San Diego, CA 92192 USA. EM asuntsov@yahoo.com OI Domokos, Reka/0000-0003-3297-4793 FU JIMAR Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ12301] FX The authors acknowledge the help and support of many people who made this project possible. We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette, as well as the scientific party, for their work and dedication to the success of this study. We are grateful to Amy Corner and Evan Howell for their help with ADCP and CTD data processing. We are indebted to Bob Humphreys and Bruce Mundy for supplying sampling gear, friendly advice and logistical support. Comments on the manuscript by B. Mundy, E. Howell and M. Miller were extremely helpful. This project was supported by the JIMAR Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology under Cooperative Agreement number NA17RJ12301 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 71 BP 113 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.10.009 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 079VU UT WOS:000314201100011 ER PT J AU Forget, F Wordsworth, R Millour, E Madeleine, JB Kerber, L Leconte, J Marcq, E Haberle, RM AF Forget, F. Wordsworth, R. Millour, E. Madeleine, J. -B. Kerber, L. Leconte, J. Marcq, E. Haberle, R. M. TI 3D modelling of the early martian climate under a denser CO2 atmosphere: Temperatures and CO2 ice clouds SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Atmospheres, Evolution; Mars, Climate; Mars, Polar caps; Mars, Surface ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS; MASSIVE YOUNG SUN; EARLY MARS; LOW OBLIQUITY; EARLY EARTH; PRIMORDIAL ATMOSPHERE; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS AB On the basis of geological evidence, it is often stated that the early martian climate was warm enough for liquid water to flow on the surface thanks to the greenhouse effect of a thick atmosphere. We present 3D global climate simulations of the early martian climate performed assuming a faint young Sun and a CO2 atmosphere with surface pressure between 0.1 and 7 bars. The model includes a detailed radiative transfer model using revised CO2 gas collision induced absorption properties, and a parameterisation of the CO2 ice cloud microphysical and radiative properties. A wide range of possible climates is explored using various values of obliquities, orbital parameters, cloud microphysic parameters, atmospheric dust loading, and surface properties. Unlike on present day Mars, for pressures higher than a fraction of a bar, surface temperatures vary with altitude because of the adiabatic cooling and warming of the atmosphere when it moves vertically. In most simulations, CO2 ice clouds cover a major part of the planet. Previous studies had suggested that they could have warmed the planet thanks to their scattering greenhouse effect. However, even assuming parameters that maximize this effect, it does not exceed +15 K. Combined with the revised CO2 spectroscopy and the impact of surface CO2 ice on the planetary albedo, we find that a CO2 atmosphere could not have raised the annual mean temperature above 0 degrees C anywhere on the planet. The collapse of the atmosphere into permanent CO2 ice caps is predicted for pressures higher than 3 bar, or conversely at pressure lower than I bar if the obliquity is low enough. Summertime diurnal mean surface temperatures above 0 degrees C (a condition which could have allowed rivers and lakes to form) are predicted for obliquity larger than 40 degrees at high latitudes but not in locations where most valley networks or layered sedimentary units are observed. In the absence of other warming mechanisms, our climate model results are thus consistent with a cold early Mars scenario in which nonclimatic mechanisms must occur to explain the evidence for liquid water. In a companion paper by Wordsworth et al. we simulate the hydrological cycle on such a planet and discuss how this could have happened in more detail. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Forget, F.; Wordsworth, R.; Millour, E.; Madeleine, J. -B.; Kerber, L.; Leconte, J.] Univ Paris 06, LMD, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-75005 Paris, France. [Marcq, E.] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LATMOS, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Haberle, R. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Forget, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LMD, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, BP 99, F-75005 Paris, France. EM forget@lmd.jussieu.fr OI Millour, Ehouarn/0000-0003-4808-9203 NR 119 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2013 VL 222 IS 1 BP 81 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.019 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 078FT UT WOS:000314084800007 ER PT J AU Lilensten, J Wedlund, CS Barthelemy, M Thissen, R Ehrenreich, D Gronoff, G Witasse, O AF Lilensten, J. Wedlund, C. Simon Barthelemy, M. Thissen, R. Ehrenreich, D. Gronoff, G. Witasse, O. TI Dications and thermal ions in planetary atmospheric escape SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheres, evolution; Mars, atmosphere; Solar radiation ID DOUBLY-CHARGED IONS; SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; EXOPLANET HD 189733B; ELECTRON-IMPACT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MARTIAN IONOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY DEGRADATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MARS EXPRESS AB In the recent years, the presence of dications in the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, Earth and Titan has been modeled and assessed. These studies also suggested that these ions could participate to the escape of the planetary atmospheres because a large fraction of them is unstable and highly energetic. When they dissociate, their internal energy is transformed into kinetic energy which may be larger than the escape energy. The goal of this study is to assess the impact of the doubly-charged ions in the escape of CO2-dominated planetary atmospheres and to compare it to the escape of thermal photo-ions. We solve a Boltzmann transport equation at daytime taking into account the dissociative states of CO2++ for a simplified single constituent atmosphere of a case-study planet. We compute the escape of fast ions using a Beer-Lambert approach. We study three test-cases. On a Mars-analog planet in today's conditions, we retrieve the measured electron escape flux. When comparing the two mechanisms (i.e. excluding solar wind effects, sputtering, etc.), the escape due to the fast ions issuing from the dissociation of dications may account for up to 6% of the total and the escape of thermal ions for the remaining. We show that these two mechanisms cannot explain the escape of the atmosphere since the magnetic field vanished and even contribute only marginally to this loss. We show that with these two mechanisms, the atmosphere of a Mars analog planet would empty in another giga years and a half. At Venus orbit, the contribution of the dications in the escape rate is negligible. When simulating the hot Jupiter HD 209458 b, the two processes cannot explain the measured escape flux of C+. This study shows that the dications may constitute a source of the escape of planetary atmospheres which had not been taken into account until now. This source, although marginal, is not negligible. The influence of the photoionization is of course large, but cannot explain alone the loss of Mars' atmosphere nor the atmospheric escape of HD 209458 b. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lilensten, J.; Barthelemy, M.; Thissen, R.] CNRS, IPAG, F-38041 St Martin Dheres 9, France. [Lilensten, J.; Barthelemy, M.; Thissen, R.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 St Martin Dheres 9, France. [Wedlund, C. Simon] Belgian Inst Space Aeronomie BIRA IASB, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Gronoff, G.] SSAI ASA LaRC, Sci Directorate, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Witasse, O.] ESA ESTEC, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Ehrenreich, D.] Univ Geneva, Observ Astron, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. RP Lilensten, J (reprint author), CNRS, IPAG, Batiment D Phys,BP 53, F-38041 St Martin Dheres 9, France. EM jean.lilensten@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr OI Gronoff, Guillaume/0000-0002-0331-7076; Ehrenreich, David/0000-0001-9704-5405 FU European Union's Framework 6 program; NASA; NASA Science Mission Directorate; Grand Prix Grivet of the Academie des Sciences; European Commissions Seventh Framework Programme [PIEF-GA-2011-298916] FX This work is part of the Europlanet European planetary science network, which is supported by the European Union's Framework 6 program. We are very grateful to R.A. Frahm for providing the ELS data published in Frahm et al. (2010). We thank Francois Leblanc for all the invaluable discussions as well as Francois Forget, Frederic Pitout and Alexandre Faure for their advices. The work of Guillaume Gronoff was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Univ. through a contract with NASA, and funded by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. DE is supported by Grand Prix Grivet of the Academie des Sciences and acknowledges the funding from the European Commissions Seventh Framework Programme as a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow (PIEF-GA-2011-298916). NR 135 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2013 VL 222 IS 1 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.034 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 078FT UT WOS:000314084800013 ER PT J AU Kuchynka, P Folkner, WM AF Kuchynka, Petr Folkner, William M. TI A new approach to determining asteroid masses from planetary range measurements SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Planetary dynamics; Celestial mechanics ID MAIN BELT; MARS; PERTURBATIONS; EPHEMERIDES; VESTA AB We describe a new approach to estimate asteroid masses from planetary range measurements. The approach significantly simplifies the process of parameter estimation and allows an effective control of systematic errors introduced by the omission of asteroids from the dynamical model. All asteroid masses are adjusted individually thus avoiding the usual distinction between masses considered individually and masses based on densities within the C, S and M taxonomic classes. Regularization is achieved by accounting, on each mass, for a prior uncertainty determined from available estimations of asteroid diameters and densities. The new approach is used to fit the asteroid model of the JPL planetary ephemeris to Mars range data. The adjusted planetary solutions exhibit similar extrapolation capacity as previous releases of the JPL ephemeris. Up to 27 asteroid masses are determined to better than 35%. The masses agree well with estimates obtained independently by other authors. The determined masses are also robust with respect to cross-validation on a dataset with a shorter time-span and with respect to a different selection of asteroids in the model. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuchynka, Petr; Folkner, William M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kuchynka, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM petr.kuchynka@jpl.nasa.gov NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2013 VL 222 IS 1 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.003 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 078FT UT WOS:000314084800018 ER PT J AU Ore, CMD Ore, LVD Roush, TL Cruikshank, DP Emery, JP Pinilla-Alonso, N Marzo, GA AF Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle Ore, Luciano V. Dalle Roush, Ted L. Cruikshank, Dale P. Emery, Joshua P. Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi Marzo, Giuseppe A. TI A compositional interpretation of trans-neptunian objects taxonomies SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Trans-neptunian objects; Ices, IR spectroscopy; Photometry; Planets, Migration; Spectrophotometry ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; WATER ICE; 2003 EL61; VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; COLOR DIVERSITY; SCATTERED DISK; HERSCHEL-PACS AB Trans-neptunian objects (TNOs) are a population of small objects orbiting the Sun beyond Neptune. Because of their distance they are difficult to observe spectroscopically, but a large body of photometric observations is available and growing. TNOs are important tracers of the evolution of the outer Solar System and key when testing current dynamical evolution theories. Previous statistical studies of the colors of TNOs have yielded useful but limited results regarding the chemical history and evolution of these bodies. With the aim at obtaining compositional information on the small and distant TNOs we introduce a statistical cluster analysis (labelled albedo) based on colors and published albedos of TNOs. We compare it to a previous taxonomy, to illustrate the significance of including the albedo information when determining the composition of the objects. When the albedo contribution is removed from the data, the new taxonomy (now labelled classical) is in general agreement with the published ones, supporting the applicability of our approach. Making use of modeled reflectance spectra of a variety of plausible mixtures found on the surface of TNOs, we extract the average surface composition of each taxon, for both the classical and the albedo taxonomy, in a statistically consistent fashion. Differently from previous and classical, the albedo taxonomy establishes a direct link between the colors and albedos of the objects and their surface composition, allowing, for the first time, a quick assessment of the chemical history of TNOs. In fact, under closer examination the taxa show trends in composition that might be evolutionary in nature. If a simple 'snow lines' model is adopted, we can infer that albedo taxa relate the current objects' locations to their original ones, prior to the migration of the outer planets. We regard the large population that characterizes the darkest classes spread at a variety of semi-major axis distances as one of the intriguing results of this work. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle; Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle; Ore, Luciano V. Dalle; Roush, Ted L.; Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Emery, Joshua P.] Univ Tennessee, Earth & Planetaty Sci Dept, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Marzo, Giuseppe A.] CR Casaccia, ENEA, I-00123 Rome, Italy. RP Ore, CMD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Cristina.M.DalleOre@nasa.gov RI Marzo, Giuseppe/A-9765-2015 FU NASA Planetary Astronomy Program [NNX10AB23G] FX C.M.D.O. and J.P.E. acknowledge support from NASA Planetary Astronomy Program Grant NNX10AB23G. C.M.D.O. is also grateful to Peet's Coffee in Morgan Hill, CA for the relaxing atmosphere conducive to productive work. NR 106 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2013 VL 222 IS 1 BP 307 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.015 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 078FT UT WOS:000314084800024 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, S Bailey, J Crisp, D Meadows, V AF Chamberlain, Sarah Bailey, Jeremy Crisp, David Meadows, Vikki TI Ground-based near-infrared observations of water vapour in the Venus troposphere SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Abundances, Atmospheres; Venus, Atmosphere; Venus; Atmospheres, Composition; Atmospheres, Chemistry ID LOWER ATMOSPHERE; DEEP ATMOSPHERE; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; NIGHT SIDE; DARK SIDE; LINE LIST; SPECTRA; ABSORPTION; ABUNDANCE AB We present a study of water vapour in the Venus troposphere obtained by modelling specific water vapour absorption bands within the 1.18 mu m window. We compare the results with the normal technique of obtaining the abundance by matching the peak of the 1.18 mu m window. Ground-based infrared imaging spectroscopy of the night side of Venus was obtained with the Anglo-Australian Telescope and IRIS2 instrument with a spectral resolving power of R similar to 2400. The spectra have been fitted with modelled spectra simulated using the radiative transfer model VSTAR. We find a best fit abundance of 31 ppmv (-6 +9 ppmv), which is in agreement with recent results by Bezard et al. (Bezard, B., Fedorova, A., Bertaux, J.-L., Rodin, A., Korablev, O. [2011]. Icarus, 216, 173-183) using VEX/SPICAV (R similar to 1700) and contrary to prior results by Bezard et al. (Bezard, B., de Bergh, C., Crisp, D., Maillard, J.P. [1990]. Nature, 345, 508-511) of 44 ppmv (+/- 9 ppmv) using VEX/VIRTIS-M (R similar to 200) data analyses. Comparison studies are made between water vapour abundances determined from the peak of the 1.18 mu m window and abundances determined from different water vapour absorption features within the near infrared window. We find that water vapour abundances determined over the peak of the 1. 18 mu m window results in plots with less scatter than those of the individual water vapour features and that analyses conducted over some individual water vapour features are more sensitive to variation in water vapour than those over the peak of the 1. 18 mu m window. No evidence for horizontal spatial variations across the night side of the disk are found within the limits of our data with the exception of a possible small decrease in water vapour from the equator to the north pole. We present spectral ratios that show water vapour absorption from within the lowest 4 km of the Venus atmosphere only, and discuss the possible existence of a decreasing water vapour concentration towards the surface. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chamberlain, Sarah] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bailey, Jeremy] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Crisp, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Meadows, Vikki] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chamberlain, S (reprint author), Observ Astron Lisboa, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. EM DrSarahChamberlain@gmail.com FU FCT [POCI/CTE-AST/110702/2009, PEst-OE/FIS/UI2751/2011] FX Many thanks go to Dr. David Luz for his review of this paper and helpful conversations and suggestions. Sarah Chamberlain acknowledges FCT funding through project grants POCI/CTE-AST/110702/2009, Pessoa-PHC programme and project PEst-OE/FIS/UI2751/2011. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2013 VL 222 IS 1 BP 364 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 078FT UT WOS:000314084800028 ER PT J AU Haberle, RM Forget, F Head, J Kahre, MA Kreslavsky, M Owen, SJ AF Haberle, Robert M. Forget, Francois Head, James Kahre, Melinda A. Kreslavsky, Mikhail Owen, Sandra J. TI Summary of the Mars recent climate change workshop NASA/Ames Research Center, May 15-17, 2012 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Climate; Polar; Ground ice AB This note summarizes the results from the Mars recent climate change workshop at NASA/Ames Research Center, May 15-17, 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Haberle, Robert M.; Kahre, Melinda A.; Owen, Sandra J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Forget, Francois] Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Head, James] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kreslavsky, Mikhail] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Haberle, RM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov; Francois.Forget@lmd.jussieu.fr; James_Head@brown.edu; Melinda.A.Kahre@nasa.gov; mkreslav@ucsc.edu; Sandra.J.Owen@nasa.gov RI Kreslavsky, Mikhail/J-3425-2013; OI Kreslavsky, Mikhail/0000-0002-1900-826X FU Space Science and Astrobiology Division at NASA/Ames Research Center; Planetary Exploration Division at NASA Headquarters FX We are grateful to the Space Science and Astrobiology Division at NASA/Ames Research Center and the Planetary Exploration Division at NASA Headquarters for their support of this workshop. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2013 VL 222 IS 1 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.009 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 078FT UT WOS:000314084800032 ER PT J AU Onana, VD Kurtz, NT Farrell, SL Koenig, LS Studinger, M Harbeck, JP AF Onana, Vincent-De-Paul Kurtz, Nathan T. Farrell, Sinead Louise Koenig, Lora S. Studinger, Michael Harbeck, Jeremy P. TI A Sea-Ice Lead Detection Algorithm for Use With High-Resolution Airborne Visible Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Affine time-frequency distributions; Antarctic; Arctic; high-resolution airborne visible imagery; lead concentration; sea ice; sea-ice leads ID LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE-RADAR; IMPROVED CLOUD DETECTION; GOES SCENES; LAND; ROUGHNESS; EXCHANGE; MISSION; FIELDS; COVER AB The detection of leads, or cracks, in sea ice is critical for the derivation of sea-ice freeboard from altimetric measurements of sea-ice elevation. We present an approach for lead detection in sea ice using high-resolution visible imagery from airborne platforms. We develop a new algorithm, i.e., the sea-ice lead detection algorithm using minimal signal (SILDAMS), that detects clouds, extracts leads, and classifies ice types within leads from airborne visible imagery. Cloud detection is based on an assessment of local variances of pixel brightness across image scenes and where available coincident altimetric measurements are used to confirm suspected cloudy scenes. The lead extraction step computes affine time-frequency distributions (minimal signal) for the Red, Green, and Blue channels of each image. The transformed outputs are combined to take advantage of three channels simultaneously. Finally, lead pixel geolocations are extracted using a set of uniform thresholds for ice typing (including open water, thin ice, and gray ice) within leads along each flight line. SILDAMS was tested using data from the Digital Mapping System (DMS). DMS digital photographs represent the highest resolution (approximate to 10 cm) visible imagery available over sea ice and were collected during NASA Operation IceBridge sea-ice flights in the Antarctic and the Arctic in 2009 and 2010, respectively. We demonstrate that SILDAMS has a high lead detection capability of 99%. C1 [Onana, Vincent-De-Paul; Kurtz, Nathan T.; Farrell, Sinead Louise; Koenig, Lora S.; Studinger, Michael; Harbeck, Jeremy P.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Onana, Vincent-De-Paul; Harbeck, Jeremy P.] ADNET Syst Inc, SESDA2, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Kurtz, Nathan T.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Farrell, Sinead Louise] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Onana, VD (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM vincentdepaul.onana@nasa.gov; Nathan.t.kurtz@nasa.gov; sineadf@umd.edu; Lora.s.koenig@nasa.gov; michael.studinger@nasa.gov; jeremy.p.harbeck@nasa.gov RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010 OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 38 EP 56 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2202666 PN 1 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 076NR UT WOS:000313963700007 ER PT J AU Ponchak, GE AF Ponchak, George E. TI Editorial: Comments About the 2012 International Microwave Symposium Special Issue and Conference Papers Versus Journal Papers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Ponchak, GE (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 1 SI SI BP 339 EP 340 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2231495 PN 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 076FA UT WOS:000313940700001 ER PT J AU Duffy, KP Choi, BB Provenza, AJ Min, JB Kray, N AF Duffy, Kirsten P. Choi, Benjamin B. Provenza, Andrew J. Min, James B. Kray, Nicholas TI Active Piezoelectric Vibration Control of Subscale Composite Fan Blades SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS AB As part of the Fundamental Aeronautics program, researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) are investigating new technologies supporting the development of lighter, quieter, and more efficient fans for turbomachinery applications. High performance fan blades designed to achieve such goals will be subjected to higher levels of aerodynamic excitations which could lead to more serious and complex vibration problems. Piezoelectric materials have been proposed as a means of decreasing engine blade vibration either through a passive damping scheme, or as part of an active vibration control system. For polymer matrix fiber composite blades, the piezoelectric elements could be embedded within the blade material, protecting the brittle piezoceramic material from the airflow and from debris. To investigate this idea, spin testing was performed on two General Electric Aviation (GE) subscale composite fan blades in the NASA GRC Dynamic Spin Rig Facility. The first bending mode (1B) was targeted for vibration control. Because these subscale blades are very thin, the piezoelectric material was surface-mounted on the blades. Three thin piezoelectric patches were applied to each blade-two actuator patches and one small sensor patch. These flexible macro-fiber-composite patches were placed in a location of high resonant strain for the 1B mode. The blades were tested up to 5000 rpm, with patches used as sensors, as excitation for the blade, and as part of open- and closed-loop vibration control. Results show that with a single actuator patch, active vibration control causes the damping ratio to increase from a baseline of 0.3% critical damping to about 1.0% damping at 0 rpm. As the rotor speed approaches 5000 rpm, the actively controlled blade damping ratio decreases to about 0.5% damping. This occurs primarily because of centrifugal blade stiffening, and can be observed by the decrease in the generalized electromechanical coupling with rotor speed. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007720] C1 [Duffy, Kirsten P.] Univ Toledo, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Choi, Benjamin B.; Provenza, Andrew J.; Min, James B.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 45069 USA. [Kray, Nicholas] GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45069 USA. RP Duffy, KP (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Kirsten.P.Duffy@nasa.gov; Benjamin.B.Choi@nasa.gov; Andrew.J.Provenza@nasa.gov; James.B.Min@nasa.gov; Nick.Kray@ge.com FU NASA Space Act Agreement [SAA3-260]; Subsonic Fixed Wing project of the Fundamental Aeronautics program FX This work was a collaborative effort between NASA GRC and GE Aviation through NASA Space Act Agreement No. SAA3-260, task order 31. Test articles were provided by GE Aviation, and testing was performed at NASA GRC. NASA funding was provided by the Subsonic Fixed Wing project of the Fundamental Aeronautics program. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 38 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2013 VL 135 IS 1 AR 011601 DI 10.1115/1.4007720 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 077OD UT WOS:000314036100007 ER PT J AU Thipphavong, DP Schultz, CA Lee, AG Chan, SH AF Thipphavong, David P. Schultz, Charles A. Lee, Alan G. Chan, Steven H. TI Adaptive Algorithm to Improve Trajectory Prediction Accuracy of Climbing Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Aircraft climb trajectories are difficult to predict, and large errors in these predictions reduce the potential operational benefits of some advanced concepts in the Next Generation Air Transportation System. An algorithm that dynamically adjusts modeled aircraft weights based on observed track data to improve the accuracy of trajectory predictions for climbing flights has been developed. In real-time evaluation with actual Fort Worth Center traffic, the algorithm decreased the altitude root-mean-square error by about 20%. It also reduced the root-mean-square error of predicted time at top of climb by the same amount. C1 [Thipphavong, David P.; Lee, Alan G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schultz, Charles A.; Chan, Steven H.] Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.2514/1.58508 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 083AO UT WOS:000314435300001 ER PT J AU Christian, JA AF Christian, John A. TI Optical Attitude Determination from Horizon Orientation Using Image Segmentation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Images from cameras onboard an aircraft or spacecraft frequently contain a wealth of information that may be exploited for navigation and other purposes. One feature that may be used for aircraft navigation in many situations is the orientation of the horizon. If the area around which the vehicle is flying is known to have little local topography, then the orientation of the observed horizon in a camera image may be used to estimate vehicle pitch and roll. This paper presents a new approach for detecting the horizon based on image segmentation along with a detailed discussion of the optimality of the segmentation result. The technique developed here is a contributing algorithm to the miniature autonomous flight testbed. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, GN &C Autonomous Flight Syst Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Christian, JA (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, GN &C Autonomous Flight Syst Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. FU Tier II award from the NASA Johnson Space Center Fiscal Year11 Innovation Charge Account FX This research was supported through a Tier II award from the NASA Johnson Space Center Fiscal Year11 Innovation Charge Account. The author thanks Rebecca Johanning and Kirsten Tuggle, undergraduate cooperative education students at the NASA Johnson Space Center, for their help in implementing portions of this algorithm in C/C++ and for performing the camera calibrations. The author also thanks Chris D'Souza and Shane Robinson of the NASA Johnson Space Center for many insightful discussions on optimization, image processing, and orthogonal regression. Additionally, a special thanks to everyone involved in the miniature autonomous flight testbed, including Rich Mrozinski, Jeff Fox, Mathew Hart, and Mark Kane. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.2514/1.57222 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 083AO UT WOS:000314435300009 ER PT J AU Kwatny, HG Dongmo, JET Chang, BC Bajpai, G Yasar, M Belcastro, C AF Kwatny, Harry G. Dongmo, Jean-Etienne T. Chang, Bor-Chin Bajpai, Gaurav Yasar, Murat Belcastro, Christine TI Nonlinear Analysis of Aircraft Loss of Control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED REGULATION; BIFURCATION-ANALYSIS; FLIGHT DYNAMICS; CONTROL-SYSTEMS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; DISTURBANCES; REACHABILITY; INVARIANCE; ATTACK; SETS AB Loss of control is a major factor in fatal aircraft accidents. Although definitions of loss of control remain vague in analytical terms, it is generally associated with flight outside of the normal flight envelope, with nonlinear influences, and with a significantly diminished capability of the pilot to control the aircraft. Primary sources of nonlinearity are the intrinsic nonlinear dynamics of the aircraft and the state and control constraints within which the aircraft must operate. This paper examines how these nonlinearities affect the ability to control the aircraft and how they may contribute to loss of control. Specifically, the ability to regulate an aircraft around stall points is considered, as is the question of how damage to control effectors impacts the capability to remain within an acceptable envelope and to maneuver within it. It is shown that, even when a sufficient set of steady motions exist, the ability to regulate around them or transition between them can be difficult and nonintuitive, particularly for impaired aircraft. Examples are provided using NASA's generic transport model. C1 [Kwatny, Harry G.; Dongmo, Jean-Etienne T.; Chang, Bor-Chin] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bajpai, Gaurav; Yasar, Murat] Technosciences Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Belcastro, Christine] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kwatny, HG (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NASA [NNX09CE93P, NNX10CB28C] FX This research was supported by NASA under contracts NNX09CE93P and NNX10CB28C. This paper is dedicated to Celeste Belcastro whose enthusiasm for this work and contributions to its formative ideas remains an inspiration to all of us. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.2514/1.56948 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 083AO UT WOS:000314435300012 ER PT J AU Kaplan, C Dahm, J Oran, E Alexandrov, N Boris, J AF Kaplan, Carolyn Dahm, Johann Oran, Elaine Alexandrov, Natalia Boris, Jay TI Analysis of the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid as an Air Traffic Simulation Tool SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB A new research platform, the Air Traffic Monotonic Lagrangian Grid, has been developed to serve as a simulation tool for easy and fast testing of various air traffic system concepts. The underlying algorithm is the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid, which is a fast nearest-neighbors interaction algorithm used for sorting and tracking many moving and interacting objects. The nodes of the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid represent the locations of individual aircraft, and the grid moves at each time step as the aircraft move. The model is used to simulate a 24 h period of air traffic flow in the National Airspace System, during which there are 41,594 flights, and this requires only 79 s of wall-clock time on a single processor of a 1.3 GHz Altix. An analysis is presented of the number of nearest-neighbor nodes that must be checked to ensure adequate separation among aircraft. An investigation of the effect of removing waypoints from aircraft trajectories indicates that this may result in a significant reduction in total flight time. Finally, the model is compared with the traditional Latitude - Longitude grid approach, in which the airspace volume is partitioned into fixed stationary grid cells. Results of the comparison indicate that the main advantage of the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid method is that it is a general sorting algorithm that can sort on multiple properties, providing more computational efficiency. C1 [Kaplan, Carolyn] USN, Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Lab Prop Energet & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dahm, Johann] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Oran, Elaine; Boris, Jay] USN, Res Lab, LCP & FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alexandrov, Natalia] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, NextGen Syst Anal Integrat & Evaluat Project, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kaplan, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Lab Prop Energet & Dynam Syst, Code 6041, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.2514/1.56545 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 083AO UT WOS:000314435300016 ER PT J AU Hofer, RR Randolph, TM AF Hofer, Richard R. Randolph, Thomas M. TI Mass and Cost Model for Selecting Thruster Size in Electric Propulsion Systems SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 28-AUG 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID HALL THRUSTER; PERFORMANCE; MISSIONS; CLUSTER; CATHODE; PLUME AB A model of system mass and life-cycle costs is used to determine the optimal number of thrusters for electric propulsion systems. The model is generalized for application with most electric propulsion systems and then applied to high-power Hall thruster systems in particular. Mass and cost models were constructed for individual thruster strings using as inputs the number of active thrusters, the number of redundant thrusters, and the total system power. Mass and cost are related through the launch cost of the propulsion-system mass, which unifies the optimization to a single global parameter based on cost. Fault-tolerance and string cost are driving factors determining the optimum thruster size for a given system-power level. After considering factors such as fault-tolerance, cost uncertainty, complexity, ground-test-vacuum-facility limitations, previously demonstrated power capabilities, and possible technology limitations, the development of two thrusters to flight status is suggested: a low-power model operating at 20-50 kW per thruster to support missions up to 500 kW system power and the development of a high-power model operating at 50-100 kW per thruster to support missions up to 1 MW system power. C1 [Hofer, Richard R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Randolph, Thomas M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mission Syst Concepts Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hofer, RR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 125-109, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 64 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.2514/1.B34525 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 081OQ UT WOS:000314331900017 ER PT J AU Schneider, SJ AF Schneider, Steven J. TI Annular Magnetohydrodynamic Physics for Turbojet Energy Bypass SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference CY APR 11-14, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA AB A methodology is presented to analyze the potential benefits of magnetohydrodynamic energy bypass of a turbojet. The methodology is demonstrated with an analysis of a hypothetical high-flight-Mach-number air-breathing engine. The annular magnetohydrodynamic generator and accelerator ducts that are analyzed rely on nonequilibrium ionization to assess their major design parameters. The analysis is conducted with the one-dimensional, axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic equations, which are numerically integrated to determine performance characteristics. The cycle analysis is conducted iteratively with the components of the engine, which include a spike inlet, magnetohydrodynamic generator, standard Brayton cycle turbojet (compressor, combustor, and turbine), and magnetohydrodynamic accelerator. The Mach 7, 30-km-alt flight condition yields an estimated specific thrust (F/(m)over dot(a)) of 185 N . s /k g at an aggressive 2200 K combustor temperature, where the break-even specific thrust point is at a combustor temperature of 2000 K. The predicted magnetohydrodynamic devices are 3 m in length with 5 T magnetic fields and conductivities of 1 to 5 mho/m. The calculated isentropic efficiencies are 84% for the generator and 81% for the accelerator with 63% enthalpy bypass. Based on this analysis, areas of future research are highlighted that are vital for successfully implementing the proposed magnetohydrodynamic turbojet. C1 NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Lewis Field, Multidisciplinary Design Anal & Optimizat Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Schneider, SJ (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Lewis Field, Multidisciplinary Design Anal & Optimizat Branch, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 5-11, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 186 EP 194 DI 10.2514/1.B34335 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 081OQ UT WOS:000314331900019 ER PT J AU Greer, F Hamden, E Jacquot, BC Hoenk, ME Jones, TJ Dickie, MR Monacos, SP Nikzad, S AF Greer, Frank Hamden, Erika Jacquot, Blake C. Hoenk, Michael E. Jones, Todd J. Dickie, Matthew R. Monacos, Steve P. Nikzad, Shouleh TI Atomically precise surface engineering of silicon CCDs for enhanced UV quantum efficiency SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID DELTA-DOPED CCDS; ULTRAVIOLET; COATINGS; LAYER AB The authors report here on a new technique, combining the atomic precision of molecular beam epitaxy and atomic layer deposition, to fabricate back illuminated silicon CCD detectors that demonstrate world record detector quantum efficiency (>50%) in the near and far ultraviolet (155-300 nm). This report describes in detail the unique surface engineering approaches used and demonstrates the robustness of detector performance that is obtained by achieving atomic level precision at key steps in the fabrication process. The characterization, materials, and devices produced in this effort will be presented along with comparison to other approaches. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4750372] C1 [Greer, Frank; Hamden, Erika; Jacquot, Blake C.; Hoenk, Michael E.; Jones, Todd J.; Dickie, Matthew R.; Monacos, Steve P.; Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hamden, Erika] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Greer, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM frank.greer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 31 IS 1 AR 01A103 DI 10.1116/1.4750372 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 076BK UT WOS:000313931300013 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Saha, J Hada, M Anderson, JA Pluth, JM O'Neill, P Cucinotta, FA AF Wang, Minli Saha, Janapriya Hada, Megumi Anderson, Jennifer A. Pluth, Janice M. O'Neill, Peter Cucinotta, Francis A. TI Novel Smad proteins localize to IR-induced double-strand breaks: interplay between TGF beta and ATM pathways SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; GROWTH-FACTOR; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAMMA-H2AX FOCI; MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; HEAVY-IONS; DSB REPAIR; IN-SITU; ACTIVATION AB Cellular damage from ionizing radiation (IR) is in part due to DNA damage and reactive oxygen species, which activate DNA damage response (DDR) and cytokine signaling pathways, including the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and transforming growth factor (TGF)beta/Smad pathways. Using classic double-strand breaks (DSBs) markers, we studied the roles of Smad proteins in DDR and the crosstalk between TGF beta and ATM pathways. We observed co-localization of phospho-Smad2 (pSmad2) and Smad7 with DSB repair proteins following low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation in human fibroblasts and epithelial cells. The decays of both foci were similar to that of gamma H2AX foci. Irradiation with high LET particles induced pSmad2 and Smad7 foci tracks indicating the particle trajectory through cells. pSmad2 foci were absent in S phase cells, while Smad7 foci were present in all phases of cell cycle. pSmad2 (but not Smad7) foci were completely abolished when ATM was depleted or inactivated. In contrast, a TGF beta receptor 1 (TGF beta R1) inhibitor abrogated Smad7, but not pSmad2 foci at DSBs sites. In summary, we suggest that Smad2 and Smad7 contribute to IR-induced DSB signaling in an ATM or TGF beta R1-dependent manner, respectively. C1 [Wang, Minli; Saha, Janapriya; Hada, Megumi] USRA Div Life Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Anderson, Jennifer A.; O'Neill, Peter] Univ Oxford, Gray Inst Radiat Oncol & Biol, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England. [Pluth, Janice M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cucinotta, FA (reprint author), NASA, Space Radiat Program, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov FU NASA Space Radiation Program; US Department of Energy [DE-AI02-10ER64969, DE-SC0002296]; NASA FX The NASA Space Radiation Program and US Department of Energy [DE-AI02-10ER64969 and DE-SC0002296]. Funding for open access charge: NASA. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 933 EP 942 DI 10.1093/nar/gks1038 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 078SZ UT WOS:000314121100029 PM 23221633 ER PT J AU Lagerloef, G Yueh, S Piepmeiner, J AF Lagerloef, Gary Yueh, Simon Piepmeiner, Jeffrey TI NASA's Aquarius Mission Provides New Ocean View SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Lagerloef, Gary; Yueh, Simon; Piepmeiner, Jeffrey] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Lagerloef, G (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 26 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 082IV UT WOS:000314386400010 ER PT J AU Starr, SO Youngquist, RC Cox, RB AF Starr, Stanley O. Youngquist, Robert C. Cox, Robert B. TI A low voltage "railgun" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE acceleration; physics education; railguns; student experiments; supercapacitors ID LAUNCH AB Due to recent advances in solid-state switches and ultra-capacitors, it is now possible to construct a "railgun" that can operate at voltages below 20 V. Railguns typically operate above a thousand volts, generating huge currents for a few milliseconds to provide thousands of g's of acceleration to a small projectile. The low voltage railgun described herein operates for much longer time periods (tenths of seconds to seconds), has far smaller acceleration and speed, but can potentially propel a much larger object. The impetus for this development is to lay the groundwork for a possible ground-based supersonic launch track, but the resulting system may also have applications as a simple linear motor. The system would also be a useful teaching tool, requiring concepts from electrodynamics, mechanics, and electronics for its understanding, and is relatively straightforward to construct. (C) 2013 American Association of Physics Teachers. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4760659] C1 [Starr, Stanley O.; Youngquist, Robert C.] NASA, KSC Appl Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Cox, Robert B.] QinetiQ N Amer, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Starr, SO (reprint author), NASA, KSC Appl Phys Lab, Mailstop NE-L5, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. FU NASA FX We would like to thank Curtis Ihlefeld, Stephen Simmons, and Ariel Pavlick for helpful discussions on the power supply design as well as Nicole Dufour and Mark Nurge for technical assistance. We would also like to acknowledge the excellent comments made by the reviewers. This work was supported in part by the NASA Innovative Partnerships Program. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PARK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740-3845 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 81 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1119/1.4760659 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 060LD UT WOS:000312778500008 ER PT J AU Gaczkowski, B Preibisch, T Ratzka, T Roccatagliata, V Ohlendorf, H Zinnecker, H AF Gaczkowski, B. Preibisch, T. Ratzka, T. Roccatagliata, V. Ohlendorf, H. Zinnecker, H. TI Herschel far-infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex II. The embedded young stellar and protostellar population SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; circumstellar matter; stars: protostars; stars: luminosity function, mass function; ISM: individual objects: NGC 3372; stars: individual: eta Carinae ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; ETA-CARINAE; HOMUNCULUS NEBULA; INITIAL HIGHLIGHTS; PRESTELLAR CORES; OB ASSOCIATIONS AB Context. The Carina Nebula represents one of the largest and most active star forming regions known in our Galaxy. It contains numerous very massive (M greater than or similar to 40 M-circle dot) stars that strongly affect the surrounding clouds by their ionizing radiation and stellar winds. Aims. Our recently obtained Herschel PACS and SPIRE far-infrared maps cover the full area (approximate to 8.7 deg(2)) of the Carina Nebula complex (CNC) and reveal the population of deeply embedded young stellar objects (YSOs), most of which are not yet visible in the mid- or near-infrared. Methods. We study the properties of the 642 objects that are independently detected as point-like sources in at least two of the five Herschel bands. For those objects that can be identified with apparently single Spitzer counterparts, we use radiative transfer models to derive information about the basic stellar and circumstellar parameters. Results. We find that about 75% of the Herschel-detected YSOs are Class 0 protostars. The luminosities of the Herschel-detected YSOs with SED fits are restricted to values of <= 5400 L-circle dot, their masses (estimated from the radiative transfer modeling) range from approximate to 1 M-circle dot to approximate to 10 M-circle dot. Taking the observational limits into account and extrapolating the observed number of Herschel-detected protostars over the stellar initial mass function suggest that the star formation rate of the CNC is similar to 0.017 M-circle dot/year. The spatial distribution of the Herschel YSO candidates is highly inhomogeneous and does not follow the distribution of cloud mass. Rather, most Herschel YSO candidates are found at the irradiated edges of clouds and pillars. The far-infrared fluxes of the famous object eta Car are about a factor of two lower than expected from observations with the Infrared Space Observatory obtained 15 years ago; this difference may be a consequence of dynamical changes in the circumstellar dust in the Homunculus Nebula around eta Car. Conclusions. The currently ongoing star formation process forms only low-mass and intermediate-mass stars, but no massive (M greater than or similar to 20 M-circle dot) stars. The characteristic spatial configuration of the YSOs provides support to the picture that the formation of this latest stellar generation is triggered by the advancing ionization fronts. C1 [Gaczkowski, B.; Preibisch, T.; Ratzka, T.; Roccatagliata, V.; Ohlendorf, H.] Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte Munchen, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Zinnecker, H.] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Zinnecker, H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gaczkowski, B (reprint author), Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte Munchen, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. EM bengac@usm.uni-muenchen.de RI Roccatagliata, Veronica/Q-3421-2016 FU German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology in the framework of the "Verbundforschung Astronomie und Astrophysik" through the DLR grant [50 OR 1109]; Munich Cluster of Excellence: Origin and Structure of the Universe; BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank our referee, M. Povich, for his constructive comments which helped to improve this paper. The analysis of the Herschel data was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology in the framework of the "Verbundforschung Astronomie und Astrophysik" through the DLR grant number 50 OR 1109. Additional support came from funds from the Munich Cluster of Excellence: Origin and Structure of the Universe. The Herschel spacecraft was designed, built, tested, and launched under a contract to ESA managed by the Herschel/Planck Project team by an industrial consortium under the overall responsibility of the prime contractor Thales Alenia Space (Cannes), and including Astrium (Friedrichshafen) responsible for the payload module and for system testing at spacecraft level, Thales Alenia Space (Turin) responsible for the service module, and Astrium (Toulouse) responsible for the telescope, with in excess of a hundred subcontractors. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); and NASA (USA). This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. NR 101 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A67 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219836 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000067 ER PT J AU Lampens, P Tkachenko, A Lehmann, H Debosscher, J Aerts, C Beck, PG Bloemen, S Kochiashvili, N Derekas, A Smith, JC Tenenbaum, P Twicken, JD AF Lampens, P. Tkachenko, A. Lehmann, H. Debosscher, J. Aerts, C. Beck, P. G. Bloemen, S. Kochiashvili, N. Derekas, A. Smith, J. C. Tenenbaum, P. Twicken, J. D. TI Low-frequency variations of unknown origin in the Kepler delta Scuti star KIC 5988140=HD188774 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE asteroseismology; stars: variables: delta Scuti; stars: atmospheres; stars: abundances; stars: rotation; stars: individual: HD 188774 ID GAMMA-DORADUS STARS; ALTAIR; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PHOTOMETRY; ROTATION; VELOCITY; LYRAE AB Context. The NASA exoplanet search mission Kepler is currently providing a wealth of light curves of ultra-high quality from space. Aims. We used high-quality Kepler photometry and spectroscopic data to investigate the Kepler target and binary candidate KIC5988140. We aim to interpret the observed variations of KIC5988140 considering three possible scenarios: binarity, co-existence of delta Sct- and gamma Dor-type oscillations, and rotational modulation caused by an asymmetric surface intensity distribution. Methods. We used the spectrum synthesis method to derive the fundamental parameters T-eff, log g, [M/H], and v sin i from the newly obtained high-resolution, high S/N spectra. Frequency analyses of both the photometric and the spectroscopic data were performed. Results. The star has a spectral type of A7.5 IV-III and a metallicity slightly lower than that of the Sun. Both Fourier analyses reveal the same two dominant frequencies F-1 = 2F(2) = 0.688 and F-2 = 0.344 d(-1). We also detected in the photometry the signal of nine more, significant frequencies located in the typical range of delta Sct pulsation. The light and radial velocity curves follow a similar, stable double-wave pattern which are not exactly in anti-phase but show a relative phase shift of about 0.1 period between the moment of minimum velocity and that of maximum light. Conclusions. Such findings are incompatible with the star being a binary system. We next show that, for all possible (limit) configurations of a spotted surface, the predicted light-to-velocity amplitude ratio is almost two orders larger than the observed value, which pleads against rotational modulation. The same argument also invalidates the explanation in terms of pulsations of type gamma Dor (i.e. hybrid pulsations). We confirm the occurrence of various independent d Sct- type pressure modes in the Kepler light curve. With respect to the low-frequency content, however, we argue that the physical cause of the remaining light and radial velocity variations of this late A-type star remains unexplained by any of the presently considered scenarios. C1 [Lampens, P.] Koninklijke Sterrenwacht Belgie, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Tkachenko, A.; Debosscher, J.; Aerts, C.; Beck, P. G.; Bloemen, S.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Lehmann, H.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Aerts, C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Kochiashvili, N.] Ilia State Univ, Abastumani Astrophys Observ, GE-0301 Abastumani, Rep of Georgia. [Derekas, A.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Smith, J. C.; Tenenbaum, P.; Twicken, J. D.] NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Lampens, P (reprint author), Koninklijke Sterrenwacht Belgie, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM Patricia.Lampens@oma.be RI Derekas, Aliz/G-2091-2016 OI Derekas, Aliz/0000-0002-6526-9444 FU European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC [227224]; Hungarian, an Eotvos fellowship [OTKA K76816, K83790]; Janos Bolyai Research Fellowship; "Lendulet" Young Researchers Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX The research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 227224 (PROSPERITY). Part of this work was also supported by the Hungarian grants OTKA K76816, K83790, an Eotvos fellowship, and by the Janos Bolyai Research Fellowship and the "Lendulet-2009" Young Researchers Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. We thank the whole team for the development and operations of this remarkable mission. We furthermore thank Drs. E. van Aarle and B. Vandenbussche (KU Leuven) for help with the acquisition of some of the HERMES spectra, Drs. V. Antoci and G. Handler for helpful discussions, and the referee for valuable comments. This research made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A104 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219525 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000104 ER PT J AU Liseau, R Montesinos, B Olofsson, G Bryden, G Marshall, JP Ardila, D Aran, AB Danchi, WC del Burgo, C Eiroa, C Ertel, S Fridlund, MCW Krivov, AV Pilbratt, GL Roberge, A Thebault, P Wiegert, J White, GJ AF Liseau, R. Montesinos, B. Olofsson, G. Bryden, G. Marshall, J. P. Ardila, D. Aran, A. Bayo Danchi, W. C. del Burgo, C. Eiroa, C. Ertel, S. Fridlund, M. C. W. Krivov, A. V. Pilbratt, G. L. Roberge, A. Thebault, P. Wiegert, J. White, G. J. TI alpha Centauri A in the far infrared First measurement of the temperature minimum of a star other than the Sun SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: individual: alpha Cen; stars: atmospheres; stars: chromospheres; circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; submillimeter: stars ID FREE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; BINARY-SYSTEM; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; MILLIMETER; SUBMILLIMETER; COMPONENTS; CONTINUUM; CAMERA AB Context. Chromospheres and coronae are common phenomena on solar-type stars. Understanding the energy transfer to these heated atmospheric layers requires direct access to the relevant empirical data. Study of these structures has, by and large, been limited to the Sun thus far. Aims. The region of the temperature reversal can be directly observed only in the far infrared and submillimetre spectral regime. We aim at determining the characteristics of the atmosphere in the region of the temperature minimum of the solar sister star alpha Cen A. As a bonus this will also provide a detailed mapping of the spectral energy distribution, i.e. knowledge that is crucial when searching for faint, Kuiper belt-like dust emission around other stars. Methods. For the nearby binary system alpha Cen, stellar parameters are known with high accuracy from measurements. For the basic model parameters T-eff, log g and [Fe/H], we interpolate stellar model atmospheres in the grid of Gaia/PHOENIX and compute the corresponding model for the G2 V star alpha Cen A. Comparison with photometric measurements shows excellent agreement between observed photospheric data in the optical and infrared. For longer wavelengths, the modelled spectral energy distribution is compared to Spitzer-MIPS, Herschel-PACS, Herschel-SPIRE, and APEX-LABOCA photometry. A specifically tailored Uppsala model based on the MARCS code and extending further in wavelength is used to gauge the emission characteristics of alpha Cen A in the far infared. Results. Similar to the Sun, the far infrared (FIR) emission of alpha Cen A originates in the minimum temperature region above the stellar photosphere in the visible. However, in comparison with the solar case, the FIR photosphere of alpha Cen A appears marginally cooler, T-min similar to T-160 (mu m) = 3920 +/- 375 K. Beyond the minimum near 160 mu m, the brightness temperatures increase, and this radiation very likely originates in warmer regions of the chromosphere of alpha Cen A. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a temperature minimum has been directly measured on a main-sequence star other than the Sun. C1 [Liseau, R.; Wiegert, J.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Montesinos, B.] CSIC, INTA, CAB, Dept Astrofis,Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Olofsson, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bryden, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Marshall, J. P.; Eiroa, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Ardila, D.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ardila, D.] ESAC, ESA, Herschel Sci Ctr C11, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Aran, A. Bayo] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Aran, A. Bayo] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [del Burgo, C.] INAOE, Puebla 72000, Mexico. [Ertel, S.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, INSU, IPAG,UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Fridlund, M. C. W.; Pilbratt, G. L.] Estec, ESA, Res & Sci Support Dept, Astrophys Mission Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Krivov, A. V.] Univ Jena, Inst Astrophys, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Krivov, A. V.] Univ Jena, Univ Sternwarte, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Roberge, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thebault, P.] Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. [White, G. J.] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [White, G. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Liseau, R (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. EM rene.liseau@chalmers.se RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012; Montesinos, Benjamin/C-3493-2017; OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725; Montesinos, Benjamin/0000-0002-7982-2095; Marshall, Jonathan/0000-0001-6208-1801 FU Swedish National Space Board (SNSB); Marie Curie Actions of the European Comission (FP7-COFUND); French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-2010 BLAN-0505-01]; [AYA 2011/02622] FX We thank Dr. K. Eriksson for the special computations of the alpha Cen A-Uppsala model. The Swedish authors appreciate the continued support by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) for our Herschel-projects. C. Eiroa, J. P. Marshall, and B. Montesinos are partially supported by Spanish grant AYA 2011/02622. A. Bayo was co-funded under the Marie Curie Actions of the European Comission (FP7-COFUND). S. Ertel thanks the French National Research Agency (ANR) for financial support through contract ANR-2010 BLAN-0505-01 (EXOZODI). NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR L7 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220776 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000159 ER PT J AU Oshagh, M Boisse, I Boue, G Montalto, M Santos, NC Bonfils, X Haghighipour, N AF Oshagh, M. Boisse, I. Boue, G. Montalto, M. Santos, N. C. Bonfils, X. Haghighipour, N. TI SOAP-T: a tool to study the light curve and radial velocity of a system with a transiting planet and a rotating spotted star SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; methods: numerical; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; stars: activity ID SPIN-ORBIT ALIGNMENT; ROSSITER-MCLAUGHLIN OBSERVATIONS; EXOPLANETARY SYSTEM; STELLAR SPOTS; HOT-JUPITER; STARSPOTS; HAT-P-11B; WASP-3B; TRES-1 AB We present an improved version of SOAP named "SOAP-T", which can generate the radial velocity variations and light curves for systems consisting of a rotating spotted star with a transiting planet. This tool can be used to study the anomalies inside transit light curves and the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, to better constrain the orbital configuration and properties of planetary systems and the active zones of their host stars. Tests of the code are presented to illustrate its performance and to validate its capability when compared with analytical models and real data. Finally, we apply SOAP-T to the active star, HAT-P-11, observed by the NASA Kepler space telescope and use this system to discuss the capability of this tool in analyzing light curves for the cases where the transiting planet overlaps with the star's spots. C1 [Oshagh, M.; Boisse, I.; Boue, G.; Montalto, M.; Santos, N. C.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Oshagh, M.; Santos, N. C.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis & Astron, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Boue, G.] UPMC, Observ Paris, IMCCE CNRS UMR 8028, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bonfils, X.] UJF Grenoble 1 CNRS INSU, IPAG, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Haghighipour, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Haghighipour, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Oshagh, M (reprint author), Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, Rua Estrelas, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. EM moshagh@astro.up.pt RI Santos, Nuno/E-9957-2011; OI Santos, Nuno/0000-0003-4422-2919; Boisse, Isabelle/0000-0001-8388-8399; Oshagh, Mahmoudreza/0000-0002-0715-8789; Montalto, Marco/0000-0002-7618-8308; Bonfils, Xavier/0000-0001-9003-8894 FU European Research Council/European Community [239953]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [PTDC/CTE-AST/098528/2008, SFRH/BPD/81084/2011]; FCT; FCT/MCTES (Portugal); POPH/FSE (EC); NASA/EXOB [NNX09AN05G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute at the Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii [NNA09DA77]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; NASA Office of Space Science [NAG5-7584] FX We acknowledge the support by the European Research Council/European Community under the FP7 through Starting Grant agreement number 239953, and by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) in the form of grant reference PTDC/CTE-AST/098528/2008 and SFRH/BPD/81084/2011. N.C.S. also acknowledges the support from FCT through program Ciencia 2007 funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC). N.H. acknowledges support from the NASA/EXOB program through grant NNX09AN05G and from the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement NNA09DA77 at the Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NAG5-7584 and by other grants and contracts. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A35 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220173 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000035 ER PT J AU Patat, F Cordiner, MA Cox, NLJ Anderson, RI Harutyunyan, A Kotak, R Palaversa, L Stanishev, V Tomasella, L Benetti, S Goobar, A Pastorello, A Sollerman, J AF Patat, F. Cordiner, M. A. Cox, N. L. J. Anderson, R. I. Harutyunyan, A. Kotak, R. Palaversa, L. Stanishev, V. Tomasella, L. Benetti, S. Goobar, A. Pastorello, A. Sollerman, J. TI Multi-epoch high-resolution spectroscopy of SN 2011fe Linking the progenitor to its environment SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; supernovae: individual: SN2011fe; ISM: general; dust, extinction; ISM: clouds ID X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR NA-I; CA-II; SODIUM-ABSORPTION; CCD SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSE BANDS; SUPERNOVA; GAS; STARS; LINES AB Aims. The nearby Type Ia supernova (SN) 2011fe has provided an unprecedented opportunity for deriving some of the properties of its progenitor. This work provides additional and independent information on the circumstellar environment in which the explosion took place. Methods. We obtained high-resolution spectroscopy of SN 2011fe for 12 epochs, from 8 to 86 days after the estimated date of explosion, testing in particular the time evolution of Ca II and Na I. Results. Three main absorption systems are identified from Ca II and Na I, one associated to the Milky Way, one probably arising within a high-velocity cloud, and one most likely associated to the halo of M101. The total (Galactic and host galaxy) reddening, deduced from the integrated equivalent widths (EW) of the Na I lines, is EB-V less than or similar to 0.05 mag. The host galaxy absorption is dominated by a component detected at the same velocity measured from the 21-cm H 1 line at the projected SN position (similar to 180 km s(-1)). During the similar to 3 months covered by our observations its EW peak-to-peak variation is 15.6 +/- 6.5 m angstrom. This small and marginally significant change is shown to be compatible with the geometric effects produced by the rapid SN photosphere expansion coupled to the patchy fractal structure of the interstellar medium (ISM). The observed behavior is fully consistent with ISM properties similar to those derived for our own Galaxy, with evidences for structures on scales less than or similar to 100 AU. Conclusions. SN 2011fe appears to be surrounded by a "clean" environment. The lack of blueshifted, time-variable absorption features is fully consistent with the progenitor being a binary system with a main-sequence, or even another degenerate star. C1 [Patat, F.] European Org Astron Res So Hemisphere ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Cordiner, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Cordiner, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Cox, N. L. J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Anderson, R. I.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Harutyunyan, A.] Fdn Galileo Galilei Telescopio Nazl Galileo, Brena Baja 38712, TF, Spain. [Kotak, R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Stanishev, V.] Inst Super Tecn, CENTRA Ctr Multidisciplinar Astrofis, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tomasella, L.] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. [Benetti, S.; Pastorello, A.] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Goobar, A.; Sollerman, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Patat, F (reprint author), European Org Astron Res So Hemisphere ESO, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM fpatat@eso.org RI Stanishev, Vallery/M-8930-2013; OI Stanishev, Vallery/0000-0002-7626-1181; Benetti, Stefano/0000-0002-3256-0016; lina, tomasella/0000-0002-3697-2616; Kotak, Rubina/0000-0001-5455-3653; Anderson, Richard I./0000-0001-8089-4419; Patat, Ferdinando/0000-0002-0537-3573; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615 FU Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO), Belgium; Research Council of K. U. Leuven, Belgium; Fonds National Recherches Scientific (FNRS), Belgium; Royal Observatory of Belgium; Observatoire de Geneve, Switzerland; Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Germany; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia under program Ciencia [PTDC/CTEAST/112582/2009] FX This work has been conducted in the framework of the European collaboration SN Variety and Nucleosynthesis Yields. This work is partially based on observations made with the Mercator Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma by the Flemish Community, at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This work is partially based on observations obtained with the HERMES spectrograph, which is supported by the Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO), Belgium, the Research Council of K. U. Leuven, Belgium, the Fonds National Recherches Scientific (FNRS), Belgium, the Royal Observatory of Belgium, the Observatoire de Geneve, Switzerland and the Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Germany. This work is partially based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This work is partially based on observations made with the SARG spectrograph at the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundacion Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This work is partially based on data collected at the 1.82 m Copernico telescope on Mt. Ekar (Asiago, Italy). M.C. thanks the NASA Astrobiology Institute via the Goddard Center for Astrobiology. V. S. acknowledges financial support from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia under program Ciencia 2008 and a research grant PTDC/CTEAST/112582/2009. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A62 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201118556 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000062 ER PT J AU Ponti, G Cappi, M Costantini, E Bianchi, S Kaastra, JS De Marco, B Fender, RP Petrucci, PO Kriss, GA Steenbrugge, KC Arav, N Behar, E Branduardi-Raymont, G Dadina, M Ebrero, J Lubinski, P Mehdipour, M Paltani, S Pinto, C Tombesi, F AF Ponti, G. Cappi, M. Costantini, E. Bianchi, S. Kaastra, J. S. De Marco, B. Fender, R. P. Petrucci, P. -O. Kriss, G. A. Steenbrugge, K. C. Arav, N. Behar, E. Branduardi-Raymont, G. Dadina, M. Ebrero, J. Lubinski, P. Mehdipour, M. Paltani, S. Pinto, C. Tombesi, F. TI Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 XI. Reverberation of the Fe K alpha line SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; methods: data analysis; galaxies: individual: Mrk 509; galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY REVERBERATION; BLACK-HOLE MASS; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; BROAD IRON LINES; XMM-NEWTON; ABSORPTION-LINES; WARM ABSORBERS; EMISSION-LINE; ACCRETION DISKS AB Context. report on a detailed study of the Fe K emission/absorption complex in the nearby, bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509. The study is part of an extensive XMM-Newton monitoring consisting of 10 pointings (similar to 60 ks each) about once every 4 days, and includes a reanalysis of previous XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. Aims. We aim at understanding the origin and location of the Fe K emission and absorption regions. Methods. We combine the results of time-resolved spectral analysis on both short and long time-scales including model-independent rms spectra. Results. Mrk 509 shows a clear (EW = 58 +/- 4 eV) neutral Fe K alpha emission line that can be decomposed into a narrow (sigma = 0.027 keV) component (found in the Chandra HETG data) plus a resolved (sigma = 0.22 keV) component. We find the first successful measurement of a linear correlation between the intensity of the resolved line component and the 3-10 keV flux variations on time scales of years down to a few days. The Fe K alpha reverberates the hard X-ray continuum without any measurable lag, suggesting that the region producing the resolved Fe K alpha component is located within a few light days to a week (r less than or similar to 10(3) r(g)) from the black hole (BH). The lack of a redshifted wing in the line poses a lower limit of >= 40 r(g) for its distance from the BH. The Fe K alpha could thus be emitted from the inner regions of the BLR, i.e. within the similar to 80 light days indicated by the H beta line measurements. In addition to these two neutral Fe K alpha components, we confirm the detection of weak (EW similar to 8-20 eV) ionised Fe K emission. This ionised line can be modelled with either a blend of two narrow Fe XXV and Fe XXVI emission lines (possibly produced by scattering from distant material) or with a single relativistic line produced, in an ionised disc, down to a few r(g) from the BH. In the latter interpretation, the presence of an ionised standard alpha-disc, down to a few r(g), is consistent with the source high Eddington ratio. Finally, we observe a weakening/disappearing of the medium- and high-velocity high-ionisation Fe K wind features found in previous XMM-Newton observations. Conclusions. This campaign has made the first reverberation measurement of the resolved component of the Fe K alpha line possible, from which we can infer a location for the bulk of its emission at a distance of r similar to 40-1000 r(g) from the BH. C1 [Ponti, G.; Fender, R. P.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Cappi, M.; De Marco, B.; Dadina, M.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Costantini, E.; Kaastra, J. S.; Ebrero, J.; Pinto, C.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bianchi, S.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Kaastra, J. S.] Univ Utrecht, Sterrekundig Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [De Marco, B.] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Dep Astrofis, LAEFF, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Petrucci, P. -O.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, UMR 5274, IPAG, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Kriss, G. A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kriss, G. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Steenbrugge, K. C.] Univ Catolica Norte, Inst Astron, Antofagasta, Chile. [Steenbrugge, K. C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Arav, N.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Behar, E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Branduardi-Raymont, G.; Mehdipour, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Lubinski, P.] Ctr Astron M Kopernika, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Paltani, S.] Univ Geneva, Astron Observ, ISDC Data Ctr Astrophys, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Tombesi, F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tombesi, F.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tombesi, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ponti, G (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM ponti@iasfbo.inaf.it RI Bianchi, Stefano/B-4804-2010; Cappi, Massimo/F-4813-2015; OI Bianchi, Stefano/0000-0002-4622-4240; Cappi, Massimo/0000-0001-6966-8920; Dadina, Mauro/0000-0002-7858-7564 FU ESA Member States; USA (NASA); EU Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279]; NWO, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; CNES; French GDR PCHE; ASI-INAF [I/088/06/0]; NASA/XMM-Newton Guest Investigator grant [NNX09AR01G]; NASA through the Space Telescope Science Institute [12022]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; ISF; Polish MNiSW [N N203 581240, 362/1/N-INTEGRAL/2008/09/0]; UK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); Comite Mixto ESO - Gobierno de Chile FX This work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and the USA (NASA). We thank the anonymous referee for very helpful comments. G.P. acknowledges support via an EU Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship under contract no. FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279. SRON is supported financially by NWO, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. P.-O. Petrucci acknowledges financial support from CNES and the French GDR PCHE. M. Cappi, M. Dadina, S. Bianchi, and G. Ponti acknowledge financial support from contract ASI-INAF n. I/088/06/0. N. Arav and G. Kriss gratefully acknowledge support from NASA/XMM-Newton Guest Investigator grant NNX09AR01G. Support for HST Program number 12022 was provided by NASA through grants from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. E. Behar was supported by a grant from the ISF. P. Lubinski has been supported by the Polish MNiSW grants N N203 581240 and 362/1/N-INTEGRAL/2008/09/0. M. Mehdipour acknowledges the support of a PhD studentship awarded by the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC). K. Steenbrugge acknowledges the support of Comite Mixto ESO - Gobierno de Chile. NR 100 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A72 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219450 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000072 ER PT J AU Eira, IMG Jaedicke, C Magga, OH Maynard, NG Vikhamar-Schuler, D Mathiesen, SD AF Eira, Inger Marie Gaup Jaedicke, Christian Magga, Ole Henrik Maynard, Nancy G. Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun Mathiesen, Svein D. TI Traditional Sami snow terminology and physical snow classification-Two ways of knowing SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Snow; Classification; Snow types; seanas; Indigenous language of snow; Reindeer herding ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; ICE; COMPLEXITY; REINDEER; SYSTEM AB Humans describe the natural environment on the basis of their local experience and their interactions with nature in terms of its relevance to their daily lives. These descriptions are incorporated into local languages and form a specialized terminology that is unique and specifically applicable to needs and practices. In Guovdageaidnu (Kautokeino), Northern Norway, snow covers the ground more than seven months of the year in winter. Therefore, snow defines most of the conditions which must be met to support Sami reindeer pastoralism. Snow is a prerequisite for mobility, tracking, visibility and availability of pasture plants. The terms used to describe the snow on the ground include characteristics needed to communicate snow properties relevant to reindeer herding. In this paper, traditional Sami snow terms and their definitions are compared with the scientific and physical classification of snow on the ground. The study of traditional Sami snow terms was carried out through historical documentation and interviews with reindeer herders. The results showed that many traditional Sami terms describe snow conditions as they are defined by the international standard; whereas, other traditional terms describe the physical processes leading up to certain snow conditions. A group of snow terms have as their main purpose the clear communication of the snow conditions for reindeer herding to serve as a tool for internal communication within the herding community. A major finding was the herders' snow knowledge which was more holistic and integrated into the ecology of the herd and pastures than the international standard snow terms. The richness and relevance to reindeer herders of Sami traditional snow terms show a distinctly different view of snow compared to the purely physically-based international classifications. This paper gives an overview of the most important traditional terms, their definitions, and the physical processes associated with those terms. Application of the terms was compared to local weather conditions and the physical processes that created the different snow conditions. The analysis underscores the richness and accuracy of Sami snow terminology. In addition, this study illustrates the importance of using traditional Sami terminology when developing adaptation strategies to future climate change for Sami reindeer herding emphasizing the importance of two ways of knowing. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eira, Inger Marie Gaup; Magga, Ole Henrik] Sami Univ Coll, N-9520 Guovdageaidnu, Norway. [Jaedicke, Christian] Norwegian Geotech Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Mathiesen, Svein D.] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, N-9000 Tromso, Norway. [Maynard, Nancy G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Mathiesen, Svein D.] Int Ctr Reindeer Husb, N-9520 Guovdageaidnu, Norway. RP Eira, IMG (reprint author), Sami Univ Coll, Hannoluohkka 45, N-9520 Guovdageaidnu, Norway. EM ingermge@samiskhs.no FU Sami University College; International center for reindeer husbandry; NASA; Norwegian Meteorological Institute; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute; Research Council of Norway [176078/S30]; Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs FX We would like to thank Sami reindeer herders in Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino for sharing their knowledge and information about snow in relation to reindeer herding. We would also like to thank Sami University College, International center for reindeer husbandry, NASA, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute for support and Nils Isak Eira and Johan Mathis Turi for their inspiration and support. We also gratefully thank Dr. Michael Lehning, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Switzerland, for the support and providing us the SNOWPACK model and Robert Corell for reading the manuscript. The project is a part of EALAT1 Reindeer Herders Vulnerability Network Study, with full IPY endorsement (ID: 399) which is supported by the Research Council of Norway, project IPY EALAT-RESEARCH: Reindeer Herders Vulnerability Network Study: Reindeer pastoralism in a changing climate grant number 176078/S30 and linked to the framework of the International Polar Year as part of the IPY consortium IPY #399 EALAT and by Aid grant from Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 85 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.09.004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 073WP UT WOS:000313774100012 ER PT J AU Berisford, DF Molotch, NP Durand, MT Painter, TH AF Berisford, Daniel F. Molotch, Noah P. Durand, Michael T. Painter, Thomas H. TI Portable spectral profiler probe for rapid snow grain size stratigraphy SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Snow; Grain size; Spectroscopy; Field instrument ID SURFACE-AREA; WATER EQUIVALENT; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM; DEPTH; UNCERTAINTY; ADSORPTION; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION; HYDROLOGY AB We present a portable spectral profiler probe to measure snow grain size stratigraphy in mountain snowpack at up to 5 mm vertical resolution, without the need for snow pit excavation. The probe infers grain size using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy by inserting into the snowpack an optical package consisting of a light source and fiber optic receiver, which views the snow laterally and sends the collected reflected light to a spectrometer at the surface. The instrument can be easily dismantled and transported in a backpack, and rapidly deployed in the field. Grain size profiles from the probe, along with snow-pit contact spectroscopy and hand lens measurements were gathered and compared during winter and spring 2010 field campaigns in Colorado. Results from the probe agree to within 30% with snow-pit contact spectroscopy measurements, except when thin layers are present, which are detected at better vertical resolution by the profiler probe. The results highlight the lateral heterogeneity inherent in most mountain snowpacks, which is impractical to measure with conventional techniques. This type of measurement, along with density measurements, can greatly impact the accuracy of remote passive and active microwave retrievals. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Berisford, Daniel F.; Molotch, Noah P.; Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Berisford, DF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM daniel.berisford@jpl.nasa.gov RI Durand, Michael/D-2885-2013; Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU NASA [NNX10A097G, NNX09AM10G, NNX08AH18G]; NSF [EAR-0744542] FX This work was performed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The probe development was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program under contracts NNX08AH18G and NNX09AM10G. Part of T. H. Painter's work was funded by NASA grant NNX10A097G, and M. Durand's contribution was funded by NASA grant NNX09AM10G. The purchase of the ASD field spectrometer was made possible by NSF grant EAR-0744542. We thank Ian McCubbin and Gannet Hallar of Storm Peak Laboratory for their support and use of the Storm Peak Lab facilities. We also thank Jennifer Petrzelka, Ty Atkins, and Alexandra Arnsten for their assistance and organization of field work and data collection, as well as Kevin Hand and Greg Okin for use of equipment and insightful discussions. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 85 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.09.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 073WP UT WOS:000313774100018 ER PT J AU Mora, MF Stockton, AM Willis, PA AF Mora, Maria F. Stockton, Amanda M. Willis, Peter A. TI Analysis of thiols by microchip capillary electrophoresis for in situ planetary investigations SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Extraterrestrial exploration; Lab-on-a-chip; LIF detection; Pacific Blue C5 Maleimide; Thiols ID ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; CARBONACEOUS BIOMARKERS; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; MARS; DISULFIDES; SYSTEM; URINE; ACID; INSTRUMENTATION AB The detection of thiols on extraterrestrial bodies could provide evidence for life, as well as a host of potential prebiological or abiological processes. Here, we report a novel protocol to analyze organic thiols by microchip CE with LIF detection. Thiols were labeled with Pacific Blue C5 maleimide and analyzed by MEKC. The separation buffer consisted of 15 mM tetraborate pH 9.2 and 25 mM SDS. The optimized method provided LODs ranging from 1.4 to 15 nM. The method was validated using samples collected from geothermal pools at Hot Creek Gorge, California, which were found to contain 2-propanethiol and 1-butanethiol in the nanomolar concentration range. These samples serve as chemical analogues to material potentially present in the reducing environment of primitive Earth and also at sulfurous regions of Mars. Hence, the protocol developed here enables highly sensitive thiol analysis in samples with complexity comparable to that expected in astrobiologically relevant extraterrestrial settings. This new protocol could be readily added to the existing suite of microfluidic chemical analyses developed for in situ planetary exploration; all that is required is the incorporation of two new reagents to the payload of an existing instrument concept. C1 [Mora, Maria F.; Stockton, Amanda M.; Willis, Peter A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Willis, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 302-231,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM peter.a.willis@jpl.nasa.gov RI Mora, Maria/C-9753-2009; Willis, Peter/I-6621-2012 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA's Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) Program [104320]; NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Financial support for this project was provided by NASA's Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) Program (Project No. 104320), and the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1002/elps.201200379 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 072RO UT WOS:000313690100014 PM 23161601 ER PT J AU Rose, CS Hammond, CF Stoner, AW Munk, JE Gauvin, JR AF Rose, Craig S. Hammond, Carwyn F. Stoner, Allan W. Munk, J. Eric Gauvin, John R. TI Quantification and reduction of unobserved mortality rates for snow, southern Tanner, and red king crabs (Chionoecetes opilio, C. bairdi, and Paralithodes camtschaticus) after encounters with trawls on the seafloor SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REFLEX IMPAIRMENT; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; BYCATCH AB Unobserved mortalities of nontarget species are among the most troubling and difficult issues associated with fishing, especially when those species are targeted by other fisheries. Of such concern are mortalities of crab species of the Bering Sea, which are exposed to bottom trawling from groundfish fisheries. Uncertainty in the management of these fisheries has been exacerbated by unknown mortality rates for crabs struck by trawls. In this study, the mortality rates for 3 species of commercially important crabs-red king crab, (Paralithodes camtschaticus), snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and southern Tanner crab (C. bairdi)-that encounter different components of bottom trawls were estimated through capture of crabs behind the bottom trawl and by evaluation of immediate and delayed mortalities. We used a reflex action mortality predictor to predict delayed mortalities. Estimated mortality rates varied by species and by the part of the trawl gear encountered. Red king crab were more vulnerable than snow or southern Tanner crabs. Crabs were more likely to die after encountering the footrope than the sweeps of the trawl, and higher death rates were noted for the side sections of the footrope than for the center footrope section. Mortality rates were <= 16%, except for red king crab that passed under the trawl wings (32%). Herding devices (sweeps) can expand greatly the area of seafloor from which flatfishes are captured, and they subject crabs in that additional area to lower (4-9%) mortality rates. Raising sweep cables off of the seafloor reduced red king crab mortality rates from 10% to 4%. C1 [Rose, Craig S.; Hammond, Carwyn F.] NOAA, Conservat Engn Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Munk, J. Eric] NOAA, Shellfish Assessment Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Gauvin, John R.] Alaska Seafood Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. RP Rose, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Engn Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.rose@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [11]; National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA FX This study was primarily funded under a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (project 711), with additional support from the National Cooperative Research and National Bycatch Reduction Engineering Programs of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. We gratefully acknowledge the substantial contributions of Captain L. Perry and his crew on the FV Pacific Explorer and the invaluable sampling efforts of P. Iseri, S. Walters, D. Evans, and K. Lee, and particularly D. Benjamin, who participated during all 3 summers of this study. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.7755/FB.111.1.4 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300004 ER PT J AU Shen, YF Rahman, ZU Krusienski, D Li, J AF Shen, Yu-Fei Rahman, Zia-Ur Krusienski, Dean Li, Jiang TI A Vision-Based Automatic Safe Landing-Site Detection System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID HELICOPTER; RETINEX; IMAGES AB An automatic safe landing-site detection system is proposed for aircraft emergency landing based on visible information acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras. Emergency landing is an unplanned event in response to emergency situations. If, as is usually the case, there is no airstrip or airfield that can be reached by the unpowered aircraft, a crash landing or ditching has to be carried out. Identifying a safe landing-site is critical to the survival of passengers and crew. Conventionally, the pilot chooses the landing-site visually by looking at the terrain through the cockpit. The success of this vital decision greatly depends on external environmental factors that can impair human vision and on the pilot's flight experience, which can vary significantly among pilots. Therefore, we propose a robust, reliable, and efficient detection system that is expected to alleviate the negative impact of these factors. We focus on the detection mechanism of the proposed system and assume that image enhancement for increased visibility and image stitching for a larger field-of-view (FOV) have already been performed on the terrain images acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras. Specifically, we first propose a hierarchical elastic horizon detection algorithm to identify the ground in the image. Then, the terrain image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, which are clustered according to a "roughness" measure. The adjacent smooth blocks are merged to form potential landing-sites, whose dimensions are measured with principal component analysis and geometric transformations. If the dimensions of a candidate region exceed the minimum requirement for safe landing, the potential landing-site is considered a safe candidate and is highlighted on the human machine interface. At the end the pilot makes the final decision by confirming one of the candidates, and also by considering other factors such as wind speed and wind direction, etc. Preliminary experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed system. C1 [Shen, Yu-Fei; Krusienski, Dean; Li, Jiang] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Rahman, Zia-Ur] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Sensors Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Shen, YF (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM yshen002@odu.edu FU NASA [NNL07AA02A]; ODU; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institutes of Health (NIH); NASA Aviation Safety Program FX A significant portion of this work was supported under NASA Cooperative Agreement NNL07AA02A with ODU. Z. Rahman had several grants from NASA for this research effort. The research of D. Krusienski is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).; The authors wish to thank the NASA Aviation Safety Program for the funding which made this work possible. The authors deeply cherish the memory of Dr. Rahman and his outstanding leadership and contribution in this study. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 294 EP 311 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 072QJ UT WOS:000313687000018 ER PT J AU Magagi, R Berg, AA Goita, K Belair, S Jackson, TJ Toth, B Walker, A McNairn, H O'Neill, PE Moghaddam, M Gherboudj, I Colliander, A Cosh, MH Burgin, M Fisher, JB Kim, SB Mladenova, I Djamai, N Rousseau, LPB Belanger, J Shang, JL Merzouki, A AF Magagi, Ramata Berg, Aaron A. Goita, Kalifa Belair, Stephane Jackson, Thomas J. Toth, Brenda Walker, Anne McNairn, Heather O'Neill, Peggy E. Moghaddam, Mahta Gherboudj, Imen Colliander, Andreas Cosh, Michael H. Burgin, Mariko Fisher, Joshua B. Kim, Seung-Bum Mladenova, Iliana Djamai, Najib Rousseau, Louis-Philippe B. Belanger, Jon Shang, Jiali Merzouki, Amine TI Canadian Experiment for Soil Moisture in 2010 (CanEx-SM10): Overview and Preliminary Results SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Agricultural and boreal forested areas; brightness temperature; soil moisture; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS); validation ID FOREST CANOPY; SMOS; SURFACE; MISSION; VALIDATION; RADIOMETRY; CAMPAIGNS; RETRIEVAL; CAROLS; MODEL AB The Canadian Experiment for Soil Moisture in 2010 (CanEx-SM10) was carried out in Saskatchewan, Canada, from 31 May to 16 June, 2010. Its main objective was to contribute to Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission validation and the prelaunch assessment of the proposed Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission. During CanEx-SM10, SMOS data as well as other passive and active microwave measurements were collected by both airborne and satellite platforms. Ground-based measurements of soil (moisture, temperature, roughness, bulk density) and vegetation characteristics (leaf area index, biomass, vegetation height) were conducted close in time to the airborne and satellite acquisitions. Moreover, two ground-based in situ networks provided continuous measurements of meteorological conditions and soil moisture and soil temperature profiles. Two sites, each covering 33 km x 71 km (about two SMOS pixels) were selected in agricultural and boreal forested areas in order to provide contrasting soil and vegetation conditions. This paper describes the measurement strategy, provides an overview of the data sets, and presents preliminary results. Over the agricultural area, the airborne L-band brightness temperatures matched up well with the SMOS data (prototype 346). The radio frequency interference observed in both SMOS and the airborne L-band radiometer data exhibited spatial and temporal variability and polarization dependency. The temporal evolution of the SMOS soil moisture product (prototype 307) matched that observed with the ground data, but the absolute soil moisture estimates did not meet the accuracy requirements (0.04 m(3)/m(3)) of the SMOS mission. AMSR-E soil moisture estimates from the National Snow and Ice Data Center more closely reflected soil moisture measurements. C1 [Magagi, Ramata; Goita, Kalifa; Gherboudj, Imen; Djamai, Najib; Rousseau, Louis-Philippe B.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Berg, Aaron A.; Belanger, Jon] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Belair, Stephane] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Branch, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Jackson, Thomas J.; Cosh, Michael H.; Mladenova, Iliana] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Toth, Brenda] Environm Canada, MSC Hydrometeorol & Arctic Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Walker, Anne] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [McNairn, Heather; Shang, Jiali; Merzouki, Amine] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [O'Neill, Peggy E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moghaddam, Mahta; Burgin, Mariko] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Colliander, Andreas; Fisher, Joshua B.; Kim, Seung-Bum] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Magagi, R (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM Ramata.Magagi@usherbrooke.ca; aberg@uoguelph.ca; kalifa.goita@usherbrooke.ca; stephane.belair@ec.gc.ca; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov; brenda.toth@ec.gc.ca; anne.walker@ec.gc.ca; heather.mcnairn@agr.gc.ca; peggy.e.oneill@nasa.gov; mmoghadd@eecs.umich.edu; Imen.Gherboudj@USherbrooke.ca; andreas.colliander@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.Cosh@ars.usda.gov; mburgin@umich.edu; Joshua.B.Fisher@jpl.nasa.gov; seungbum.kim@jpl.nasa.gov; iliana.mladenova@ars.usda.gov; Najib.Djamai@USherbrooke.ca; Louis-philippe.b-rousseau@usherbrooke.ca; jBelanger@uoguelph.ca RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment Canada, the Canadian Space Agency, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 347 EP 363 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2198920 PN 2 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300001 ER PT J AU Ferraro, RR Peters-Lidard, CD Hernandez, C Turk, FJ Aires, F Prigent, C Lin, X Boukabara, SA Furuzawa, FA Gopalan, K Harrison, KW Karbou, F Li, L Liu, CT Masunaga, H Moy, L Ringerud, S Skofronick-Jackson, GM Tian, YD Wang, NY AF Ferraro, Ralph R. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Hernandez, Cecilia Turk, F. Joseph Aires, Filipe Prigent, Catherine Lin, Xin Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Furuzawa, Fumie A. Gopalan, Kaushik Harrison, Kenneth W. Karbou, Fatima Li, Li Liu, Chuntao Masunaga, Hirohiko Moy, Leslie Ringerud, Sarah Skofronick-Jackson, Gail M. Tian, Yudong Wang, Nai-Yu TI An Evaluation of Microwave Land Surface Emissivities Over the Continental United States to Benefit GPM-Era Precipitation Algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Emissivity; land surface; passive microwave remote sensing; precipitation ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GLOBAL 4DVAR ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AMSU OBSERVATIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER-VAPOR; RETRIEVAL; MODELS; GHZ; WORKSHOP AB Passive microwave (PMW) satellite-based precipitation over land algorithms rely on physical models to define the most appropriate channel combinations to use in the retrieval, yet typically require considerable empirical adaptation of the model for use with the satellite measurements. Although low-frequency channels are better suited to measure the emission due to liquid associated with rain, most techniques to date rely on high-frequency, scattering-based schemes since the low-frequency methods are limited to the highly variable land surface background, whose radiometric contribution is substantial and can vary more than the contribution of the rain signal. Thus, emission techniques are generally useless over the majority of the Earth's surface. As a first step toward advancing to globally useful physical retrieval schemes, an intercomparison project was organized to determine the accuracy and variability of several emissivity retrieval schemes. A three-year period (July 2004-June 2007) over different targets with varying surface characteristics was developed. The PMW radiometer data used includes the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers, SSMI Sounder, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), Advanced Microwave Sounding Units, and Microwave Humidity Sounder, along with land surface model emissivity estimates. Results from three specific targets in North America were examined. While there are notable discrepancies among the estimates, similar seasonal trends and associated variability were noted. Because of differences in the treatment surface temperature in the various techniques, it was found that comparing the product of temperature and emissivity yielded more insight than when comparing the emissivity alone. This product is the major contribution to the overall signal measured by PMW sensors and, if it can be properly retrieved, will improve the utility of emission techniques for over land precipitation retrievals. As a more rigorous means of comparison, these emissivity time series were analyzed jointly with precipitation data sets, to examine the emissivity response immediately following rain events. The results demonstrate that while the emissivity structure can be fairly well characterized for certain surface types, there are other more complex surfaces where the underlying variability is more than can be captured with the PMW channels. The implications for Global Precipitation Measurement-era algorithms suggest that physical retrievals are feasible over vegetated land during the warm seasons. C1 [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Lin, Xin; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail M.; Tian, Yudong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Aires, Filipe] Estellus, Paris, France. [Prigent, Catherine] CNRS, Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, Paris, France. [Lin, Xin; Wang, Nai-Yu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed; Moy, Leslie] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Furuzawa, Fumie A.; Masunaga, Hirohiko] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Gopalan, Kaushik] ISRO, Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 380053, Gujarat, India. [Harrison, Kenneth W.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Karbou, Fatima] Meteo France, Natl Ctr Meteorol Res, GAME, Minist Ecol Dev Durable Transports & Logement, Toulouse, France. [Li, Li] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Chuntao] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ringerud, Sarah] Colorado State Univ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ferraro, RR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Ralph.R.Ferraro@noaa.gov RI Masunaga, Hirohiko/C-2488-2008; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016 OI Gopalan, Kaushik/0000-0002-7980-6183; Masunaga, Hirohiko/0000-0002-6336-5002; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NASA's Precipitation Measuring Missions (PMM) program; NESDIS FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (R. Kakar, A. Hou, J. Pereira, A. Powell). The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government.; The authors acknowledge support through NASA's Precipitation Measuring Missions (PMM) program, in particular, R. Kakar, PMM Program Scientist and A. Hou, PMM Project Scientist. Ferraro, Hernandez, and Wang would also like to acknowledge support from NESDIS (J. Pereira and A. Powell). Peters-Lidard, Harrison and Tian gratefully acknowledge support from NASA and the Air Force Weather Agency supporting LIS/CRTM coupling for the JCSDA. TRMM data were made available through the NASA/GSFC Precipitation Processing System (PPS). F. J. Turk's work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 378 EP 398 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2199121 PN 2 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300003 ER PT J AU Wang, JR Skofronick-Jackson, GM Schwaller, MR Johnson, CM Monosmith, WB Zhang, ZN AF Wang, James R. Skofronick-Jackson, Gail M. Schwaller, Mathew R. Johnson, Carey M. Monosmith, William B. Zhang, Zhaonan TI Observations of Storm Signatures by the Recently Modified Conical Scanning Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radiometer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Ice clouds; microwave radiometry; polarization ID ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; FREQUENCY-RANGE; CLOUD SYSTEMS; 183 GHZ; ICE; RETRIEVAL; INSTRUMENT; MIR AB The Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) is an airborne total-power radiometer that, after the recent modification, measures radiation at the nine frequencies of 50.3, 52.8, 89 (dual-polarized), 165 (dual-polarized), 183.3 +/- 1, 183.3 +/- 3, and 183.3 +/- 7 GHz. During the Mid-latitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment of April 22-June 1, 2011, it is programmed to acquire radiometric measurements in both conical and cross-track scans nearly simultaneously. Its new capability of measuring scattering signatures from storm-associated hydrometeors in dual polarization at both 89 and 165 GHz is illustrated and reported in this paper. We find that, from all seven flights over stratiform rain and convective storms, the polarization index (PI), is small but definitively positive at both frequencies, and generally PI(89 GHz) <= PI(165 GHz). When brightness temperatures T(bp)s are >= 240 K, there is a significant correlation between PI and the brightness difference between the two frequencies (dT(bp) = T-bp(89) - T-bp(165), where p is either vertical V or horizontal H polarization); linear regression between these two parameters gives positive slopes for all seven events, with 165-GHz slopes generally larger the 89-GHz ones. Observations from five special sensor microwave imager/sounder passes in near concurrence with the CoSMIR measurements are examined for the relation between PI(91.665 GHz) and dT(bh) (91.665 GHz-150 GHz). The regression slopes are again found to be positive, and their magnitudes show some correspondence to those of CoSMIR. The significance of these findings to improvement in the parameter retrievals of hydrometeors is briefly discussed. C1 [Wang, James R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20878 USA. [Skofronick-Jackson, Gail M.; Schwaller, Mathew R.; Johnson, Carey M.; Monosmith, William B.; Zhang, Zhaonan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, JR (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20878 USA. EM james.r.wang@nasa.gov; gail.s.jackson@nasa.gov; mathew.r.schwaller@nasa.gov; carey.m.johnson@nasa.gov; william.b.monosmith@nasa.gov; zhaonan.zhang-1@nasa.gov RI Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 411 EP 424 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2200690 PN 2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300005 ER PT J AU Naeger, AR Christopher, SA Ferrare, R Liu, ZY AF Naeger, Aaron R. Christopher, Sundar A. Ferrare, Richard Liu, Zhaoyan TI A New Technique Using Infrared Satellite Measurements to Improve the Accuracy of the CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Discrimination Method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; cloud; remote sensing ID DUST AEROSOL; RADIATIVE SIGNATURE; MINERAL DUST; SAHARAN DUST; LIDAR; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; MISSION; MODIS; TOP AB In this paper, we develop a new technique called the brightness temperature difference cloud and aerosol discrimination algorithm (BTD CAD) that uses thermal infrared satellite measurements to improve the accuracy of the cloud-aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observations (CALIPSO) CAD algorithm. It has been shown that the CALIPSO CAD algorithm can misclassify dense dust as cloud because the CALIPSO two-wavelength backscatter lidar operates at 532 and 1064 nm where very similar scattering properties are known to exist between dense dust and cloud. Therefore, we use the 11 and 12 mu m thermal infrared channels from both the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager (SEVIRI), which are very sensitive to dust concentration, in order to reduce the frequency of the dust misclassifications encountered by the CALIPSO CAD algorithm. For the two Saharan dust events presented in this paper, both the MODIS and SEVIRI BTD CAD techniques performed well but the MODIS BTD CAD correctly reclassified more CALIPSO CAD misclassifications as dust. After applying both techniques to all the daytime CALIPSO transects over North Africa during June 2007, the MODIS and SEVIRI BTD CAD increased the total number of detected aerosol layers by approximately 10% and 4%, respectively. Even though the Version 3 (V3) CAD algorithm is significantly more accurate in deciphering between dense dust and clouds than the Version 2 algorithm, the V3 still showed some dust misclassifications among the case studies. Thus, the BTD CAD technique can help reduce the frequency of dust misclassifications encountered by the V3 CAD algorithm. C1 [Naeger, Aaron R.; Christopher, Sundar A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Christopher, Sundar A.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Ferrare, Richard] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Liu, Zhaoyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Naeger, AR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM naeger@nsstc.uah.edu; sundar@nsstc.uah.edu; richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738 FU NASA FX This work was supported by NASA's Radiation Science and AURA grants. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 642 EP 653 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2201161 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300023 ER PT J AU Michel, R Ampuero, JP Avouac, JP Lapusta, N Leprince, S Redding, DC Somala, SN AF Michel, R. Ampuero, J. -P. Avouac, J. -P. Lapusta, N. Leprince, S. Redding, D. C. Somala, S. N. TI A Geostationary Optical Seismometer, Proof of Concept SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Correlation; Earth monitoring; earthquakes; geophysical deformations; geostationary; large space telescope; optical flow; photoclinometry; subpixel ID GROUND DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SATELLITE IMAGES; INTERFEROMETRIC CARTWHEEL; COSEISMIC DEFORMATION; SUBPIXEL CORRELATION; SUPERSHEAR RUPTURE; EARTHQUAKE; MODIS AB We discuss the possibility of imaging the propagation of seismic waves from a very large space-based optical telescope. Images of seismic waves propagating at the Earth's surface would be an invaluable source of information for investigating earthquake physics and the effect of the subsurface on earthquake ground motions. This application would require ground displacement measurements at about every 100 m, with centimetric accuracy, and temporal sampling on the order of 1 Hz. A large field of view (> 105 km(2)) is required to measure the full extent of a large earthquake in the areas of interest. A geostationary optical telescope with a large aperture appears to be the most promising system. We establish preliminary technical requirements for such a system, which lead us to consider a telescope with an angular field of view of 0.8 degrees and with an aperture greater than 4 m. We discuss and quantify the various sources of noise that would limit such a system: atmospheric turbulence, evolution of ground reflectance and solar incidence angle, and stability of the platform at 1 Hz. We present numerical simulations, which account for these sources of noise. They show that key details of the seismic wave field, hardly detectable using ground-based instruments, would indeed be imaged by such a system. At the upper limit of modern technology, data flow would be about 20-50 Gb . s(-1), and data memory would be about 50 Tb. C1 [Michel, R.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Sci Terre Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. [Michel, R.] Inst Phys Globe, Lab Tecton, F-75238 Paris, France. [Ampuero, J. -P.; Avouac, J. -P.; Lapusta, N.; Leprince, S.; Somala, S. N.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary, Pasadena, CA 91160 USA. [Redding, D. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Michel, R (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Inst Sci Terre Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. EM remi.michel@upmc.fr; ampuero@gps.caltech.edu; avouac@gps.caltech.edu; lapusta@its.caltech.edu; leprincs@caltech.edu; david.c.redding@jpl.nasa.gov; surendra@caltech.edu RI Ampuero, Jean Paul/N-3348-2013; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/B-5699-2015 OI Ampuero, Jean Paul/0000-0002-4827-7987; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-3060-8442 FU French Centre National des Etudes Spatiales; TOSCA program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Manuscript received October 25, 2011; revised February 8, 2012; accepted April 15, 2012. Date of publication July 10, 2012; date of current version December 19, 2012. Part of this work was supported by the French Centre National des Etudes Spatiales and funded through the TOSCA program. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and funded through the internal Research and Technology Development. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2201487 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300027 ER PT J AU Amadjikpe, AL Choudhury, D Patterson, CE Lacroix, B Ponchak, GE Papapolymerou, J AF Amadjikpe, Arnaud L. Choudhury, Debabani Patterson, Chad E. Lacroix, Benjamin Ponchak, George E. Papapolymerou, John TI Integrated 60-GHz Antenna on Multilayer Organic Package With Broadside and End-Fire Radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Broadside radiator; end-fire array; integrated antenna; millimeter wave; multibeam antenna; multilayer organic (MLO) package; 60 GHz; switched-beam antenna ID ON-CHIP ANTENNA; 90 NM CMOS; MICROSTRIP ANTENNA; TRANSCEIVER; ARRAY; TECHNOLOGY; SUBSTRATE; RECEIVER; DESIGN; SYSTEM AB Existing antenna and array systems for 60-GHz wireless personal area network communications suffer from inherent poor radiation at grazing angles. This limitation is overcome in this work with a highly integrated antenna module that combines both broadside and end-fire radiators in a single multilayer organic package. Liquid crystal polymer and Rogers RO3003 are used to implement a small form factor (12.5 mm x 10 mm x 1.3 mm) antenna architecture. The co-designed broadside and end-fire antennas are characterized and measured for operation in the 57-66-GHz frequency range. Measured boresight gains of 8.7 and 10.9 dBi are achieved for the broadside and end-fire antennas while maintaining 35-45-dB isolation between both antennas. The numerically estimated radiation efficiency is found to be 92.5% and 78.5% for the broadside and end-fire elements. These antennas are orthogonally polarized and suitable for frequency reuse. Integrated circuits are mounted inside recessed cavities to realize a fully active antenna module with beam switching or simultaneous radiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication of a single package multilayer integration of millimeter-wave active antennas with both azimuth and elevation coverage. C1 [Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.; Patterson, Chad E.; Lacroix, Benjamin; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Choudhury, Debabani] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Ponchak, George E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Amadjikpe, AL (reprint author), Autoliv Act Safety, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM arnaud.amad-jikpe@gmail.com NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 1 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2226598 PN 1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 076EW UT WOS:000313940300033 ER PT J AU Su, H Jiang, JH AF Su, Hui Jiang, Jonathan H. TI Tropical Clouds and Circulation Changes during the 2006/07 and 2009/10 El Ninos SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC RIM; WARM POOL; CLIMATE; ENSO; TELECONNECTIONS; ANOMALIES; FEEDBACK; EVENTS; MODOKI AB Changes in tropical cloud vertical structure, cloud radiative forcing (CRF), and circulation exhibit distinctly different characteristics during the 2006/07 and 2009/10 El Ninos, revealed by CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite (CALIPSO) observations and reanalysis data. On the tropical average, the 2009/10 has a decrease of clouds from 2 to 14 km, an increase of clouds in the boundary layer, and an increase of cirrus clouds above 14 km. The tropical-mean cloud anomalies in the middle to upper troposphere (6-14 km) for the 2006/07 El Nino are nearly opposite to those in 2009/10 El Nino. The tropical averaged net CRF anomaly at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is 0.6-0.7 W m(-2) cooling (0.02-0.5 W m(-2) warming) for the 2009/10 (2006/07) El Nino. The 2009/10 El Nino is associated with a strengthening of tropical circulation, increased high (low) clouds in extremely strong ascending (descending) regimes, and decreased clouds in the middle and high altitudes in a broad range of moderate circulation regimes. The strengthening of tropical circulation is primarily caused by the enhancement of the Hadley circulation. The 2006/07 El Nino is associated with a weakening of the tropical circulation, primarily caused by the reduction of the Walker circulation. The cloud anomalies in each circulation regime are approximately opposite for these two El Ninos. The analysis herein suggests that both the magnitude and pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies in the two events contribute to the differences in clouds and circulation anomalies, with magnitude playing a dominant role. The contrasting behaviors of the two El Ninos highlight the nonlinear response of tropical clouds and circulation to El Nino SST forcing. C1 [Su, Hui; Jiang, Jonathan H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Su, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hui.su@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA FX We thank T. J. Shen for help with data analysis and thank G. Stephens, J. D. Neelin, and K. Minschwaner for helpful discussions. We appreciate thoughtful comments from three anonymous reviewers. We are especially grateful to D. Vane for funding support. This work was performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00152.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400003 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Cole, JNS He, F Potter, GL Oreopoulos, L Lee, D Suarez, M Loeb, NG AF Huang, Xianglei Cole, Jason N. S. He, Fei Potter, Gerald L. Oreopoulos, Lazaros Lee, Dongmin Suarez, Max Loeb, Norman G. TI Longwave Band-By-Band Cloud Radiative Effect and Its Application in GCM Evaluation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; PART I; BUDGET; MODEL; SCATTERING; SIMULATIONS; REANALYSIS; CLIMATE; FIELDS AB The cloud radiative effect (CRE) of each longwave (LW) absorption band of a GCM's radiation code is uniquely valuable for GCM evaluation because 1) comparing band-by-band CRE avoids the compensating biases in the broadband CRE comparison and 2) the fractional contribution of each band to the LW broadband CRE (f(CRE)) is sensitive to cloud-top height but largely insensitive to cloud fraction, thereby presenting a diagnostic metric to separate the two macroscopic properties of clouds. Recent studies led by the first author have established methods to derive such band-by-band quantities from collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. A study is presented here that compares the observed band-by-band CRE over the tropical oceans with those simulated by three different atmospheric GCMs-the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2 (GFDL AM2), NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5), and the fourth-generation AGCM of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma CanAM4)-forced by observed SST. The models agree with observation on the annual-mean LW broadband CRE over the tropical oceans within +/- 1 W m(-2). However, the differences among these three GCMs in some bands can be as large as or even larger than 61 W m(-2). Observed seasonal cycles of fCRE in major bands are shown to be consistent with the seasonal cycle of cloud-top pressure for both the amplitude and the phase. However, while the three simulated seasonal cycles of fCRE agree with observations on the phase, the amplitudes are underestimated. Simulated interannual anomalies from GFDL AM2 and CCCma CanAM4 are in phase with observed anomalies. The spatial distribution of fCRE highlights the discrepancies between models and observation over the low-cloud regions and the compensating biases from different bands. C1 [Huang, Xianglei; He, Fei; Potter, Gerald L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cole, Jason N. S.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Lee, Dongmin; Suarez, Max] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, Dongmin] Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Dynam Lab, Seoul, South Korea. [Loeb, Norman G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Radiat & Climate Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xianglei@umich.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748 FU NSF AGS CLD program [NSF ATM 0755310]; NASA Terra/Aqua program [NNX11AH55G]; NASA's Modeling Analysis and Prediction program FX We wish to thank H. W. Chuang for her assistance in data processing at the early stage of this work. We also thank two reviewers for their thorough and thoughtful comments. The lead author is greatly indebted to NOAA GFDL for the generosity of providing computing resources for the GFDL AM2 simulation. The AIRS data were obtained from NASA GSFC DAAC and the CERES data from NASA Langley DAAC. This research is supported by NSF AGS CLD program under Grant NSF ATM 0755310 and NASA Terra/Aqua program under Grant NNX11AH55G awarded to the University of Michigan. L. Oreopoulos acknowledges funding support from NASA's Modeling Analysis and Prediction program managed by Dr. D. Considine. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 450 EP 467 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00112.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400006 ER PT J AU Chen, XH Huang, XL Loeb, NG Wei, HL AF Chen, Xiuhong Huang, Xianglei Loeb, Norman G. Wei, Heli TI Comparisons of Clear-Sky Outgoing Far-IR Flux Inferred from Satellite Observations and Computed from the Three Most Recent Reanalysis Products SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; THIN CIRRUS CLOUDS; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; ICE CLOUDS; PART I; COVARIANCES; VARIABILITY; SCATTERING AB The far-IR spectrum plays an important role in the earth's radiation budget and remote sensing. The authors compare the near-global (80 degrees S-80 degrees N) outgoing clear-sky far-IR flux inferred from the collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations in 2004 with the counterparts computed from reanalysis datasets subsampled along the same satellite trajectories. The three most recent reanalyses are examined: the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA), and NOAA/NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Following a previous study by X. Huang et al., clear-sky spectral angular distribution models (ADMs) are developed for five of the CERES land surface scene types as well as for the extratropical oceans. The outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) directly estimated from the AIRS radiances using the authors' algorithm agrees well with the OLR in the collocated CERES Single Satellite Footprint (SSF) dataset. The daytime difference is 0.96 +/- 2.02 W m(-2), and the nighttime difference is 0.86 +/- 1.61 W m(-2). To a large extent, the far-IR flux derived in this way agrees with those directly computed from three reanalyses. The near-global averaged differences between reanalyses and observations tend to be slightly positive (0.66%-1.15%) over 0-400 cm(-1) and slightly negative (-0.89% to -0.44%) over 400-600 cm(-1). For all three reanalyses, the spatial distributions of such differences show the largest discrepancies over the high-elevation areas during the daytime but not during the nighttime, suggesting discrepancies in the diurnal variation of such areas among different datasets. The composite differences with respect to temperature or precipitable water suggest large discrepancies for cold and humid scenes. C1 [Chen, Xiuhong; Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chen, Xiuhong; Wei, Heli] Chinese Acad Sci, Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Key Lab Atmospher Composit & Opt Radiat, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Loeb, Norman G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Chen, XH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xiuchen@umich.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Chen, Xiuhong/P-4030-2014; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; FU NASA [NNX11AH55G, NNX11AE68G] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that improve the clarity of this paper. The AIRS data were obtained from NASA GSFC DAAC, and the CERES data were obtained from NASA Langley DAAC. The ECMWF ERA-Interim data (http://data-portal.ecmef.int/data/d/), NASA MERRA reanalysis data (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin/FTPSubset.pl), and NOAA/CFSR data (http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.1/) are obtained online. The first author is thankful to Ms. He and Dr. Song for their help in data processing. This work was supported by NASA Grants NNX11AH55G and NNX11AE68G awarded to the University of Michigan. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 478 EP 494 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00212.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400008 ER PT J AU Breaker, LC Ruzmaikin, A AF Breaker, Laurence C. Ruzmaikin, Alexander TI Estimating Rates of Acceleration Based on the 157-Year Record of Sea Level from San Francisco, California, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea level; acceleration; Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition; residual; polynomial regression; inflection points; truncated record ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION AB Breaker, L.C. and Ruzmaikin, A., 2013. Estimating rates of acceleration based on the 157-year record of sea level from San Francisco, California, USA: Journal of Coastal Research, 29(1), 43-51. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The question of the acceleration of global sea level rise has gained increasing attention because the present rate of sea level rise is relatively small in comparison to the rates that are predicted to occur in the near future. Recent measurements have come under scrutiny on how to correctly analyze and interpret regional estimates of acceleration. In this context, we employ the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), a data-adaptive method developed for the analysis of nonstationary and nonlinear data to estimate acceleration over the 157-year record of sea level from San Francisco, California. We define sea level acceleration (SLA) as the mean of the second differences of the residual from an EEMD. Using the residual provides a means by which to reduce or eliminate the contaminating influence of decadal and longer-period oscillations in sea level that are folded into estimates obtained using the conventional approach. For the entire record, a value of +0.011 +/- 0.003 mm/y(2) was obtained for the acceleration and its uncertainty, compared with +0.013 min/y(2), using the conventional approach. The effect of record length is examined by estimating the accelerations for truncated versions of the record, one starting in 1900 and a second in 1925. The accelerations differed in each case from the conventional values, as expected, because the methods are based on different definitions of SLA. C1 [Breaker, Laurence C.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Ruzmaikin, Alexander] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Breaker, LC (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00048.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 076AZ UT WOS:000313930200005 ER PT J AU Contes-de Jesus, E Santiago, D Casillas, G Mayoral, A Magen, C Jose-Yacaman, M Li, J Cabrera, CR AF Contes-de Jesus, Enid Santiago, Diana Casillas, Gilberto Mayoral, Alvaro Magen, Cesar Jose-Yacaman, Miguel Li, Jing Cabrera, Carlos R. TI Platinum Electrodeposition on Unsupported Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application as Methane Sensing Material SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; ADSORPTION; GAS; CATALYST AB This paper reports the decoration of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles using an electrochemical technique, rotating disk slurry electrode (RoDSE). Pt/SWCNTs were electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry technique (CV) and physically characterized through the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy - X-ray florescence (EDS-XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After characterization it was found that electrodeposited nanoparticles had an average particle size of 4.1 +/- 0.8 nm. Pt/SWCNTs were used as sensing material for methane (CH4) detection and showed improved sensing properties in a range of concentration from 50 ppm to 200 ppm parts per million (ppm) at room temperature, when compared to other Pt/CNTs-based sensors. The use of this technique for the preparation of Pt/SWCNTs opens a new possibility in the bulk preparation of samples using an electrochemical method and thus their potential use in a wide variety of applications in chemical sensing, fuel cell and others. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.054302jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Contes-de Jesus, Enid; Santiago, Diana; Cabrera, Carlos R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, NASA, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Casillas, Gilberto; Jose-Yacaman, Miguel] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Mayoral, Alvaro; Magen, Cesar] Univ Zaragoza, Inst Nanociencia Aragon, Lab Microscopias Avanzadas, Zaragoza 50018, Spain. [Li, Jing] NASA, Ctr Nanotechnol, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Magen, Cesar] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Fis Materia Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Contes-de Jesus, E (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, NASA, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM carlos.cabrera2@upr.edu RI Magen, Cesar/A-2825-2013; jose yacaman, miguel/B-5622-2009; Mayoral, Alvaro/H-2093-2015; OI Mayoral, Alvaro/0000-0002-5229-2717; Cabrera, Carlos/0000-0002-3342-8666 FU NASA Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials (CANM) [NNX08BA48A, NNX10AQ17A]; Welch Foundation Agency [AX-1615]; National Science Foundation (NSF) PREM grant [DMR-0934218]; CONACYT-Mexico [106437]; National Center for Research Resources [2G12RR013646-11]; PR-LSAMP, Puerto Rico Space grant; AGEP Fellowship Program; NASA GSRP Fellowship [NNX09AM23H] FX The authors acknowledge the members of both the NASA Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials (CANM) grant # NNX08BA48A and NNX10AQ17A, the Material Characterization Center (MCC) of the University of Puerto Rico for the XPS and EDS data and NASA-ARC Nano-sensor group. Thanks are also given to A. Hernandez and O. Garcia, and T. Luna (University of Puerto Rico -Mayaguez) for the XRD and ICP data, respectively. In addition, the authors acknowledge the following agencies: The Welch Foundation Agency, project AX-1615: Controlling the Shape and Particles Using Wet Chemistry Methods and Its Application to Synthesis of Hollow Bimetallic Nanostructures, the National Science Foundation (NSF) PREM grant number: DMR-0934218: Oxide and Metal Nanoparticles: The Interface between life sciences and physical sciences, and CONACYT-Mexico grant number: 106437. The authors would also like to thank the International Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (ICNAM) at UTSA, and the RCMI Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research (CIHR), and the project award number 2G12RR013646-11 from the National Center for Research Resources. E. Contes-de Jesus acknowledge financial support from PR-LSAMP, Puerto Rico Space grant, AGEP Fellowship Program, and NASA GSRP Fellowship under grant # NNX09AM23H. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 51 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 2 BP H98 EP H104 DI 10.1149/2.054302jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 071HJ UT WOS:000313581600070 ER PT J AU Davami, K Pohl, J Shaygan, M Kheirabi, N Faryabi, H Cuniberti, G Lee, JS Meyyappan, M AF Davami, Keivan Pohl, Judith Shaygan, Mehrdad Kheirabi, Nazli Faryabi, Hamid Cuniberti, Gianaurelio Lee, Jeong-Soo Meyyappan, M. TI Bandgap engineering of CdxZn1-xTe nanowires SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CD1-XZNXTE AB Bandgap engineering of single-crystalline alloy CdxZn1-xTe (0 <= x <= 1) nanowires is achieved successfully through control of growth temperature and a two zone source system in a vapor-liquid-solid process. Extensive characterization using electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence shows highly crystalline alloy nanowires with precise tuning of the bandgap. It is well known that bulk CdxZn1-xTe is popular for construction of radiation detectors and availability of a nanowire form of this material would help to improve detection sensitivity and miniaturization. This is a step forward towards the accomplishment of tunable and predetermined bandgap emissions for various applications. C1 [Davami, Keivan; Shaygan, Mehrdad; Kheirabi, Nazli; Faryabi, Hamid; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Pohl, Judith; Cuniberti, Gianaurelio] Tech Univ Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang, South Korea. EM ljs6951@postech.ac.kr; m.meyyappan@nasa.gov RI Cuniberti, Gianaurelio/B-7192-2008 OI Cuniberti, Gianaurelio/0000-0002-6574-7848 FU World Class University program through the National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-2008-000-10100-0]; Postech National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT); Center for Advanced Soft Electronics under the Global Frontier Research Program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0031638]; German Excellence Initiative via the Cluster of Excellence [EXC 1056] FX This work was supported by the World Class University program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology under Project R31-2008-000-10100-0 and Postech National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT). SunHye Kim (RIST), Min-hyeok Son (POSTECH Dept. of Chemistry) and Viktor Unterberger (TU Graz-Austria) are acknowledged for their help with characterization. This work was also partly supported by a grant (Code No. 2011-0031638) from the Center for Advanced Soft Electronics under the Global Frontier Research Program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. GC and JP gratefully acknowledge support from the German Excellence Initiative via the Cluster of Excellence EXC 1056 "Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden" (cfAED). NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 932 EP 935 DI 10.1039/c2nr33284a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 074HH UT WOS:000313803000016 PM 23299660 ER PT J AU Wernberg, T Smale, DA Tuya, F Thomsen, MS Langlois, TJ de Bettignies, T Bennett, S Rousseaux, CS AF Wernberg, Thomas Smale, Dan A. Tuya, Fernando Thomsen, Mads S. Langlois, Timothy J. de Bettignies, Thibaut Bennett, Scott Rousseaux, Cecile S. TI An extreme climatic event alters marine ecosystem structure in a global biodiversity hotspot SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN TEMPERATURE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; REEF FISHES; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES; FUTURE; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE; STABILITY; GRADIENT AB Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude as a consequence of global warming but their ecological effects are poorly understood, particularly in marine ecosystems(1-3). In early 2011, the marine ecosystems along the west coast of Australia-a global hotspot of biodiversity and endemism(4,5)-experienced the highest-magnitude warming event on record. Sea temperatures soared to unprecedented levels and warming anomalies of 2-4 degrees C persisted for more than ten weeks along >2,000 km of coastline. We show that biodiversity patterns of temperate seaweeds, sessile invertebrates and demersal fish were significantly different after the warming event, which led to a reduction in the abundance of habitat-forming seaweeds and a subsequent shift in community structure towards a depauperate state and a tropicalization of fish communities. We conclude that extreme climatic events are key drivers of biodiversity patterns and that the frequency and intensity of such episodes have major implications for predictive models of species distribution and ecosystem structure, which are largely based on gradual warming trends. C1 [Wernberg, Thomas; Smale, Dan A.; Thomsen, Mads S.; Langlois, Timothy J.; de Bettignies, Thibaut; Bennett, Scott] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Wernberg, Thomas; Smale, Dan A.; de Bettignies, Thibaut; Bennett, Scott] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Wernberg, Thomas] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Wernberg, Thomas; Tuya, Fernando; Thomsen, Mads S.; de Bettignies, Thibaut] Edith Cowan Univ, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Res, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. [Tuya, Fernando] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Biol, BIOGES, E-35017 Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. [Rousseaux, Cecile S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Global Modelling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 21114 USA. RP Wernberg, T (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM thomas.wernberg@uwa.edu.au RI Wernberg, Thomas/B-4172-2010; Langlois, Tim/H-5241-2014; Rousseaux, Cecile/E-8811-2012; OI Wernberg, Thomas/0000-0003-1185-9745; Rousseaux, Cecile/0000-0002-3022-2988; Smale, Dan/0000-0003-4157-541X FU Australian Research Council FX This research was supported by Australian Research Council grants to T.W. Blended sea surface temperature anomalies were provided by the National Weather Service and the NOAA Operational Model Archive Distribution System. J. Zinke commented on the manuscript and provided assistance with the HadISST1 data. NR 31 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 21 U2 220 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1627 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076ZZ UT WOS:000313999000021 ER PT J AU Johnson, DL Fogarty, MJ AF Johnson, Donna L. Fogarty, Michael J. TI Intercalibration of MOCNESS and Bongo nets: Assessing relative efficiency for ichthyoplankton SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SPEED PLANKTON SAMPLERS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES-BANK; ABUNDANCE TRENDS; HERRING LARVAE; ZOOPLANKTON; FISHES; GULF; SYSTEMS AB The evaluation of catchability of egg and larval fish with the 0.61-m Bongo and the 1-m(2) Multiple Opening and Closing Net Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) was conducted as part of a paired station analysis. The two samplers were deployed on 331 stations on Georges Bank during the U.S. GLOBEC program from January through June for years 1996 and 1997. Significant differences were found when combined catches of all eggs and all larvae for each sampler were compared. Overall catches of larvae from the MOCNESS were 3-5 times greater than those from the Bongo. Gear effects were modeled and revealed that the catches in 14 of the 22 dominant taxa were significantly different between sampling gear. The differences between samplers during diel intervals for the taxa were not significantly different. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, Donna L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Johnson, DL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM Donna.Johnson@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 108 BP 43 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.10.007 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 077EN UT WOS:000314010800002 ER PT J AU Liu, J Logan, JA Murray, LT Pumphrey, HC Schwartz, MJ Megretskaia, IA AF Liu, J. Logan, J. A. Murray, L. T. Pumphrey, H. C. Schwartz, M. J. Megretskaia, I. A. TI Transport analysis and source attribution of seasonal and interannual variability of CO in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MOIST CONVECTION; AURA SATELLITE; FIRE EMISSIONS; WATER-VAPOR; EOS MLS; CIRCULATION; POLLUTION; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION AB We used the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model to investigate impacts of surface emissions and dynamical processes on the spatial and temporal patterns of CO observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in the upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS). Model simulations driven by GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 assimilated fields present many features of the seasonal and interannual variation of CO in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Both model simulations and the MLS data show a transition from semi-annual variations in the UT to annual variations in the LS. Tagged CO simulations indicate that the semi-annual variation of CO in the UT is determined mainly by the temporal overlapping of surface biomass burning from different continents as well as the north-south shifts of deep convection. Both GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 have maximum upward transport in April and May with a minimum in July to September. The CO peaks from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) fires propagate faster to the LS than do those from the Southern Hemisphere (SH) fires. Thus the transition from a semi-annual to an annual cycle around 80 hPa is induced by a combination of the CO signal at the tropopause and the annual cycle of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. In GEOS-5, the shift to an annual cycle occurs at a lower altitude than in MLS CO, a result of inadequate upward transport. We deduce vertical velocities from MLS CO, and use them to evaluate the velocities derived from the archived GEOS meteorological fields. We find that GEOS-4 velocities are similar to those from MLS CO between 215 hPa and 125 hPa, while the velocities in GEOS-5 are too low in spring and summer. The mean tropical vertical velocities from both models are lower than those inferred from MLS CO above 100 hPa, particularly in GEOS-5, with mean downward, rather than upward motion in boreal summer. Thus the models' CO maxima from SH burning are transported less effectively than those in MLS CO above 147 hPa and almost disappear by 100 hPa. The strongest peaks in the CO tape-recorder are in late 2004, 2006, and 2010, with the first two resulting from major fires in Indonesia and the last from severe burning in South America, all associated with intense droughts. C1 [Liu, J.; Logan, J. A.; Murray, L. T.; Megretskaia, I. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schwartz, M. J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jliu@seas.harvard.edu RI Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; FU NASA [NNX10AG59G] FX This work was funded by NASA grant NNX10AG59G to Harvard University. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with NASA. We acknowledge helpful discussions with S. Strahan on age spectra analysis of GEOS-4 and GEOS-5, and we thank D. B. A. Jones for enlightening us about inter-hemispheric transport across the Indian Ocean in boreal summer. We also thank M. Niwano, M. Schoeberl, and K. Walker for helpful discussions. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.5194/acp-13-129-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070NA UT WOS:000313513700009 ER PT J AU Huang, M Carmichael, GR Chai, T Pierce, RB Oltmans, SJ Jaffe, DA Bowman, KW Kaduwela, A Cai, C Spak, SN Weinheimer, AJ Huey, LG Diskin, GS AF Huang, M. Carmichael, G. R. Chai, T. Pierce, R. B. Oltmans, S. J. Jaffe, D. A. Bowman, K. W. Kaduwela, A. Cai, C. Spak, S. N. Weinheimer, A. J. Huey, L. G. Diskin, G. S. TI Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime western US air quality: model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; ARCTAS-CARB PERIOD; NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OZONE; INTEGRATED ANALYSIS; ERROR ANALYSIS; TRACE GAS; GEOS-CHEM; CALIFORNIA AB The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on western US ozone (O-3) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG contributes similar to 30-35 ppb to the surface Monthly mean Daily maximum 8-h Average O-3 (MDA8) over Pacific Southwest (US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9, including California, Nevada and Arizona) and Pacific Northwest (EPA Region 10, including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), and similar to 10-17 ppm-h to the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" over EPA Region 9 and similar to 3-4 ppm-h over Region 10. The strongest TBG impacts on W126 occur over the grass/shrub-covered regions. Among TBG pollutants, O-3 is the major contributor to surface O-3, while peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important O-3 precursor species. W126 shows larger responses than MDA8 to perturbations in TBG and stronger non-linearity to the magnitude of perturbations. The TBG impacts on both metrics overall negatively correlate to model vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The mechanisms that determine TBG contributions and their variation are analyzed using trajectories and the receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis, which demonstrate the connection between the surface O-3 and O-3 aloft (at similar to 1-4 km) 1-2 days earlier. The probabilities of airmasses originating from Mt. Bachelor (2.7 km) and 2.5 km above Trinidad Head (THD) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66% and 34% at similar to 03:00 p. m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), respectively, and stay above 50% during 09:00 a.m.-04:00p.m. PDT for those originating 1.5 km above California's South Coast. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced the errors in the modeled surface O-3 during a long-range transport episode by similar to 5 ppb on average (up to similar to 17 ppb) and increased the estimated TBG contributions by similar to 3 ppb. Available O-3 vertical profiles from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and THD sonde identified this transport event, but assimilation of these observations in this case did not efficiently improve the O-3 distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and/or possible uncertainties. C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Spak, S. N.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Chai, T.] NOAA OAR ARL, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Huang, M.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Spak, S. N.] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX08AL06G, NNX11AI52G] FX This work was supported by NASA awards: NNX08AH56G, NNX08AL06G and NNX11AI52G. The authors would like to thank the ARCTAS science team, the people who made the AQS, CASTNET, OMI, TES, MODIS and MISR measurements, and CGRER members who contributed to building the STEM forecast modeling system for ARCTAS. We thank two anonymous referees and Thomas Peters, Charles Stanier and Vicki Grassian (U Iowa) for commenting on previous versions of the paper. We thank Daven Henze (CU-Boulder) for suggesting the W126 calculations. The revision was performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We thank CGRER (U Iowa) and Pleiades (NASA Ames) computational resources and the technical support especially from Jeremie Moen and Johnny Chang. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 95 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 63 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 359 EP 391 DI 10.5194/acp-13-359-2013 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070NA UT WOS:000313513700022 ER PT J AU Singh, J Bhattacharya, BK Kumar, M Mallick, K AF Singh, Jyotsna Bhattacharya, Bimal K. Kumar, Manoj Mallick, Kaniska TI Modelling monthly diffuse solar radiation fraction and its validity over the Indian sub-tropics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric transmissivity; diffuse solar radiation fraction; India; modelling ID MONTHLY-AVERAGE; GLOBAL RADIATION; CLOUDS AB A three-parameter sigmoidal 'local' model (climate-specific) and a 'regional' model (common for all climates) have been developed for measuring the monthly average diffuse solar radiation fraction from atmospheric transmissivity by using large, 21-year datasets (1973-1993) over four stations (Jodhpur, New Delhi, Nagpur and Kolkata). These stations represent the four 'prime' climates (arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and humid) over the Indian sub-tropics. The models have been validated with the longer time-series (10 years) of independent datasets (1994-2003) of 4 'prime' climates as well as datasets from 16 stations using one-year datasets (termed as secondary stations) of the Indian region. The monthly diffuse fraction estimates were also compared with seven globally existing models. The 'regional' model showed more accurate estimates than 'local' models over three (semi-arid, sub-humid and humid) of the four 'prime' climates. However, the different error statistics showed that the 'regional' model outperformed the globally existing models which failed to capture diffuse fraction variability over the Indian sub-tropics. The extendibility of the 'regional' model over 'secondary' stations in India showed an overall good performance with R-2: 0.78-0.96 and RMSE: 0.017-0.125, except for two stations. These models are unique for Indian sub-tropics and can undoubtedly be used for predicting future diffuse solar radiation fraction from transmissivity datasets of climate simulations, and also for other meteorological, climatological, solar energy-based applications. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Singh, Jyotsna; Kumar, Manoj] Birla Inst Technol, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India. [Bhattacharya, Bimal K.] Space Applicat Ctr ISRO, Agr Terr Biosphere & Hydrol Grp ABHG, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India. [Mallick, Kaniska] CALTECH, NASA, Water & Carbon Cycles Grp, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Singh, J (reprint author), Birla Inst Technol, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India. EM jsinghenv@gmail.com FU Space Applications Centre (ISRO) FX This study was carried out under an ISRO-GBP project titled Energy and Mass Exchange in Vegetative Systems. The authors are grateful to the Space Applications Centre (ISRO) for funding the study as well as for guidance during the study. We wish to acknowledge India Meteorological Department, Pune, for providing the required datasets. We are also very thankful to Prof. N. C. Mahanti, Head, Department of Applied Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, for his support and encouragement. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1002/joc.3408 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073OY UT WOS:000313753600006 ER PT J AU Cole, BH Yang, P Baum, BA Riedi, J Labonnote, LC Thieuleux, F Platnick, S AF Cole, Benjamin H. Yang, Ping Baum, Bryan A. Riedi, Jerome Labonnote, Laurent C. - Thieuleux, Francois Platnick, Steven TI Comparison of PARASOL Observations with Polarized Reflectances Simulated Using Different Ice Habit Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; POLDER; MODELS AB Insufficient knowledge of the habit distribution and the degree of surface roughness of ice crystals within ice clouds is a source of uncertainty in the forward light scattering and radiative transfer simulations of ice clouds used in downstream applications. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection-5 ice microphysical model presumes a mixture of various ice crystal shapes with smooth facets, except for the compact aggregate of columns for which a severely rough condition is assumed. When compared with Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) polarized reflection data, simulations of polarized reflectance using smooth particles show a poor fit to the measurements, whereas very rough-faceted particles provide an improved fit to the polarized reflectance. In this study a new microphysical model based on a mixture of nine different ice crystal habits with severely roughened facets is developed. Simulated polarized reflectance using the new ice habit distribution is calculated using a vector adding-doubling radiative transfer model, and the simulations closely agree with the polarized reflectance observed by PARASOL. The new general habit mixture is also tested using a spherical albedo differences analysis, and surface roughening is found to improve the consistency of multiangular observations. These results are consistent with previous studies that have used polarized reflection data. It is suggested that an ice model incorporating an ensemble of different habits with severely roughened surfaces would potentially be an adequate choice for global ice cloud retrievals. C1 [Cole, Benjamin H.; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Riedi, Jerome; Labonnote, Laurent C. -; Thieuleux, Francois] Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, CNRS, UMR 8518, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cole, BH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ben.cole@tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 FU NASA [NNX10AL55G, NNX11AK37G, NN11AF40G] FX We thank the ICARE Data and Services Center for providing access to the data used in this study and for tools used in the data processing. This study was supported by NASA Grants NNX10AL55G and NNX11AK37G. Bryan Baum and Ping Yang also acknowledge the support of NASA Grant NN11AF40G. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-097.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071BH UT WOS:000313559900014 ER PT J AU Liao, L Meneghini, R AF Liao, Liang Meneghini, Robert TI Examination of Effective Dielectric Constants of Nonspherical Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; MELTING-LAYER MODEL; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; SCATTERING; RETURNS AB The validity of the effective dielectric constant epsilon(eff) for nonspherical mixed-phase particles is tested by comparing the scattering parameters of ice-water mixtures for oblate and prolate spheroids obtained from the conjugate-gradient and fast Fourier transform (CGFFT) numerical scheme with those computed from the T matrix for a homogeneous particle with the derived epsilon(eff) with the same size, shape, and orientation as that of the mixed-phase particle. The accuracy of the effective dielectric constant is evaluated by examining whether the scattering parameters of interest can reproduce those of the direct computations, that is, the CGFFT results. Computations have been run over a range of prolate and oblate spheroids of different axial ratios up to size parameters of 4. It is found that the effective dielectric constant, obtained from realizations of small particles, can be applied to a class of particle types if the fractional water content remains the same. Analysis of the results indicates that the effective dielectric constant approach is useful in computing radar and radiometer polarimetric scattering parameters of nonspherical mixed-phase particles. C1 [Liao, Liang] Morgan State Univ, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Liao, Liang; Meneghini, Robert] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Technol MSU, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liao, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Technol MSU, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM liang.liao-1@nasa.gov FU NASA headquarters under NASA's Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) Grant [NNH06ZDA001N-PMM] FX This work is supported by Dr. R. Kakar of NASA headquarters under NASA's Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) Grant NNH06ZDA001N-PMM. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 197 EP 212 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0244.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071BH UT WOS:000313559900015 ER PT J AU Sharp, PW Qureshi, MA Grazier, KR AF Sharp, Philip W. Qureshi, Mohammad A. Grazier, Kevin R. TI High order explicit Runge-Kutta Nystrom pairs SO NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article DE Runge-Kutta-Nystrom; Explicit; High order; Efficiency ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; ORBITS AB Explicit Runge-Kutta Nystrom pairs provide an efficient way to find numerical solutions to second-order initial value problems when the derivative is cheap to evaluate. We present new optimal pairs of orders ten and twelve from existing families of pairs that are intended for accurate integrations in double precision arithmetic. We also present a summary of numerical comparisons between the new pairs on a set of eight problems which includes realistic models of the Solar System. Our searching for new order twelve pairs shows that there is often not quantitative agreement between the size of the principal error coefficients and the efficiency of the pairs for the tolerances we are interested in. Our numerical comparisons, as well as establishing the efficiency of the new pairs, show that the order ten pairs are more efficient than the order twelve pairs on some problems, even at limiting precision in double precision. C1 [Sharp, Philip W.; Qureshi, Mohammad A.] Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Auckland, New Zealand. [Grazier, Kevin R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Sharp, PW (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. EM sharp@math.auckland.ac.nz; qureshi@math.auckland.ac.nz; kevin.grazier@jpl.nasa.gov OI Sharp, Philip/0000-0001-9550-0910 FU Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work of the second author was supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.; The work of the third author has been conducted in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1017-1398 J9 NUMER ALGORITHMS JI Numer. Algorithms PD JAN PY 2013 VL 62 IS 1 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s11075-012-9571-0 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 072CT UT WOS:000313646800008 ER PT J AU Trigwell, S Lane, JE Captain, JG Weis, KH Quinn, JW Watanabe, F AF Trigwell, Steve Lane, John E. Captain, James G. Weis, Kyle H. Quinn, Jacqueline W. Watanabe, Fumiya TI Quantification of Efficiency of Beneficiation of Lunar Regolith SO PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beneficiation; energy dispersive spectroscopy; ilmenite; tribocharging; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ELECTROSTATIC BENEFICIATION; SIMULANT AB Electrostatic beneficiation of lunar regolith is being researched at Kennedy Space Center to enhance the ilmenite concentration of the regolith for the production of oxygen in in-situ resource utilization on the lunar surface. Ilmenite enrichment of up to 200% was achieved using lunar simulants. For the most accurate quanitification of the regolith particles, standard petrographic methods are typically followed, but in order to optimize the process, many hundreds of samples were generated in this study that made the standard analysis methods time prohibitive. In the current studies, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) were used that could automatically, and quickly, analyze many separated fractions of lunar simulant. In order to test the accuracy of the quantification, test mixture samples of known quantities of ilmenite (2, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) in silica (pure quartz powder), were analyzed by XPS and EDS. The results showed that quantification for low concentrations of ilmenite in silica could be accurately achieved by both XPS and EDS, knowing the limitations of the techniques. C1 [Trigwell, Steve] Sierra Lobo, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Lane, John E.] EASi, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Captain, James G.; Weis, Kyle H.] QinetiQ N Amer, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Quinn, Jacqueline W.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Watanabe, Fumiya] Univ Arkansas, Nanotechnol Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Trigwell, S (reprint author), Sierra Lobo, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM steven.trigwell-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Kennedy Space Center's Center Director's Discretionary Fund (CDDF) FX This work was performed with initial funding from the NASA Kennedy Space Center's Center Director's Discretionary Fund (CDDF). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6351 J9 PARTICUL SCI TECHNOL JI Part. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 31 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1080/02726351.2011.641071 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 069DV UT WOS:000313416400006 ER PT J AU Bera, PP Head-Gordon, M Lee, TJ AF Bera, Partha P. Head-Gordon, Martin Lee, Timothy J. TI Association mechanisms of unsaturated C2 hydrocarbons with their cations: acetylene and ethylene SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOBUTADIENE RADICAL-CATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; FOCK PERTURBATION-THEORY; COUPLED-CLUSTER; SPIN ORBITALS; CHEMISTRY; DIAGNOSTICS; COMPOUND; DENSITY; IONS AB The ion-molecule association mechanism of acetylene and ethylene with their cations is investigated by ab initio quantum chemical methods to understand the structures, association energies, and the vibrational and electronic spectra of the products. Stable puckered cyclic isomers are found as the result of first forming less stable linear and bridge isomers. The puckered cyclic complexes are calculated to be strongly bound, by 87, 35 and 56 kcal mol(-1) for acetylene-acetylene cation, ethylene-ethylene cation and acetylene-ethylene cation, respectively. These stable complexes may be intermediates that participate in further association reactions. There are no association barriers, and no significant inter-conversion barriers, so the initial linear and bridge encounter complexes are unlikely to be observable. However, the energy gap between the bridged and cyclic puckered isomers greatly differs from complex to complex: it is 44 kcal mol(-1) in C4H4+, but only 6 kcal mol(-1) in C4H8+. The accurate CCSD(T) calculations summarized above are also compared against less computationally expensive MP2 and density functional theory (DFT) calculations for structures, relative energies, and vibrational spectra. Calculated vibrational spectra are compared against available experiments for cyclobutadiene cation. Electronic spectra are also calculated using time-dependent DFT. C1 [Bera, Partha P.; Lee, Timothy J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-1, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012; Bera, Partha /K-8677-2012 FU NASA [10-APRA10-167]; BAERI; NASA's laboratory astrophysics 'Carbon in the Galaxy' consortium grant [NNH10ZDA001N] FX PPB gratefully acknowledges a fellowship award from the NASA postdoctoral program administered by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) and BAERI for funding. PPB thanks Dr Julia Rice for sharing her expertise in optimizing transition states. The authors thank Big Apple Bagel, Pleasanton, CA for treating us well over our countless meetings. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA grant 10-APRA10-167 and support from NASA's laboratory astrophysics 'Carbon in the Galaxy' consortium grant (NNH10ZDA001N). NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2012 EP 2023 DI 10.1039/c2cp43740f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 071DN UT WOS:000313566300033 PM 23258256 ER PT J AU McNatt, J AF McNatt, Jeremiah TI Selected publications from the 22nd Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT) Conference SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP McNatt, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM jmcnatt@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 2013 VL 108 BP 224 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.11.001 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 071PX UT WOS:000313607800033 ER PT J AU Zhang, LM McMillon, L McNatt, J AF Zhang, Liangmin McMillon, Lyndsey McNatt, Jeremiah TI Gas-dependent bandgap and electrical conductivity of Cu2O thin films SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Oxide semiconductor; Cuprous oxide thin film; Bandgap; P-type conductivity; Hall effect; Feimi level ID CUPROUS-OXIDE; SOLAR-CELLS; DOPED CU2O AB Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising earth-abundant semiconductor for photovoltaic applications. Developing an understanding of the p-type conduction mechanism is vital to optimize the material. We have used a reactive magnetron sputtering system to fabricate Cu2O thin films. The bandgap, refractive index, mobility, density of hole, and electrical conductivity in the films have also been investigated. Our work shows that the films fabricated under nitrogen-rich condition exhibit wide bandgaps and low electrical conductivities while the films deposited under oxygen-rich condition have narrow bandgaps and high electrical conductivities. The results from the density functional theory are introduced to explain the gas dependence of the bandgap. A developed theoretical model based on Fermi-Dirac statistics shows that the high electrical conductivities originate from the acceptor levels located below Feimi level in the film. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Liangmin] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Arkansas Ctr Laser Applicat & Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [McMillon, Lyndsey; McNatt, Jeremiah] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Photovolta & Power Technol Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zhang, LM (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Arkansas Ctr Laser Applicat & Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM lzhang@astate.edu NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 2013 VL 108 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.05.010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 071PX UT WOS:000313607800035 ER PT J AU Paul, AL Wheeler, RM Levine, HG Ferl, RJ AF Paul, Anna-Lisa Wheeler, Ray M. Levine, Howard G. Ferl, Robert J. TI FUNDAMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY ENABLED BY THE SPACE SHUTTLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Editorial Material DE bioregenerative life support; flight hardware; gravity sensing; microgravity; orbit; space biology; spaceflight ID MOSS CERATODON-PURPUREUS; COLEOPTILE IN-SPACE; KSC FIXATION TUBES; SUPER-DWARF WHEAT; BRASSICA-RAPA L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIFE-SUPPORT; SPACEFLIGHT CONDITIONS; MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT AB The relationship between fundamental plant biology and space biology was especially synergistic in the era of the Space Shuttle. While all terrestrial organisms are influenced by gravity, the impact of gravity as a tropic stimulus in plants has been a topic of formal study for more than a century. And while plants were parts of early space biology payloads, it was not until the advent of the Space Shuttle that the science of plant space biology enjoyed expansion that truly enabled controlled, fundamental experiments that removed gravity from the equation. The Space Shuttle presented a science platform that provided regular science flights with dedicated plant growth hardware and crew trained in inflight plant manipulations. Part of the impetus for plant biology experiments in space was the realization that plants could be important parts of bioregenerative life support on long missions, recycling water, air, and nutrients for the human crew. However, a large part of the impetus was that the Space Shuttle enabled fundamental plant science essentially in a microgravity environment. Experiments during the Space Shuttle era produced key science insights on biological adaptation to spaceflight and especially plant growth and tropisms. In this review, we present an overview of plant science in the Space Shuttle era with an emphasis on experiments dealing with fundamental plant growth in microgravity. This review discusses general conclusions from the study of plant spaceflight biology enabled by the Space Shuttle by providing historical context and reviews of select experiments that exemplify plant space biology science. C1 [Paul, Anna-Lisa; Ferl, Robert J.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Paul, Anna-Lisa; Ferl, Robert J.] Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Wheeler, Ray M.; Levine, Howard G.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Ferl, Robert J.] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Ferl, RJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM robferl@ufl.edu NR 164 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 59 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 100 IS 1 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.3732/ajb.1200338 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 063GR UT WOS:000312984700022 PM 23281389 ER PT J AU Wejinya, UC Chalamalasetty, SNS Dong, ZX Arumugam, PU Meyyappan, M AF Wejinya, Uchechukwu C. Chalamalasetty, Siva Naga Sandeep Dong, Zhuxin Arumugam, Prabhu U. Meyyappan, Meyya TI Carbon Nanofiber Nanoelectrode Array: Effect of Process Conditions on Reliability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanofiber (CNF); process conditions; reliability; statistical analysis ID MODIFIED SILICON NANOWIRES; FABRICATION; BIOSENSORS AB Nanoelectrode arrays (NEA) using 1-D nanomaterials as the electrode material have shown promise for biosensing applications. Vertical, freestanding, individual carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on patterned substrates constitute one example of NEA in the literature. The development of a biosensor system using this NEA first requires reliability studies prior to undertaking system integration with microfluidics and sample handling aspects. Here, we have investigated the effect of temperature and process conditions on the diameters and quality of the CNFs using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A Taguchi approach is employed to study the temperature effect in etched and unetched CNFs using AFM followed by a statistical analysis. C1 [Wejinya, Uchechukwu C.; Dong, Zhuxin] Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Chalamalasetty, Siva Naga Sandeep] Univ Arkansas, Dept Microelect & Photon, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Arumugam, Prabhu U.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wejinya, UC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM uwejinya@uark.edu; schalama@uark.edu; dzhuxin@uark.edu; auprabhu@yahoo.com; m.meyyappan@nasa.gov FU University of Arkansas, College of Engineering External Mentoring Award Program FX This work was supported in part by the University of Arkansas, College of Engineering External Mentoring Award Program. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor L. Dong. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 12 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2012.2227496 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 069GV UT WOS:000313424200012 ER PT J AU Benaroya, H Metzger, P Muscatello, A AF Benaroya, Haym Metzger, Philip Muscatello, Anthony TI Special Issue on In Situ Resource Utilization Introduction SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Benaroya, Haym] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Metzger, Philip] NASA, Granular Mech & Regolith Operat Lab, Surface Syst Off, NE S, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Muscatello, Anthony] NASA, Appl Chem Lab, Surface Syst Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Benaroya, H (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM benaroya@rci.rutgers.edu; philip.t.metzger@nasa.gov; anthony.c.muscatello@nasa.gov RI Metzger, Philip/R-3136-2016 OI Metzger, Philip/0000-0002-6871-5358 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000282 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300001 ER PT J AU Sanders, GB Larson, WE AF Sanders, Gerald B. Larson, William E. TI Progress Made in Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization under NASA's Exploration Technology and Development Program SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lunar in situ resource utilization; Oxygen extraction from regolith lunar polar volatiles AB Incorporation of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and the production of mission-critical consumables for propulsion, power, and life support into mission architectures can greatly reduce the mass, cost, and risk of missions, leading to a sustainable and affordable approach to human exploration beyond Earth. ISRU and its products can also greatly affect how other exploration systems are developed, including determining which technologies are important or enabling. Although the concept of lunar ISRU has existed for more than 40 years, the technologies and systems had not progressed much past simple laboratory proof-of-concept tests. With the release of the Vision for Space Exploration in 2004 with the goal of harnessing the Moon's resources, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiated the ISRU project in the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) to develop the technologies and systems needed to meet this goal. In the 5 years of work in the ISRU Project, significant advancements and accomplishments occurred in several important areas of lunar ISRU. Also, two analog field tests held in Hawaii in 2008 and 2010 demonstrated all the steps in ISRU capabilities required, along with the integration of ISRU products and hardware with propulsion, power, and cryogenic storage systems. This paper will review the scope of the ISRU Project in the ETDP, ISRU incorporation, development strategies used by the ISRU project, and ISRU development and test accomplishments over the 5 years of funded project activity. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000208. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Sanders, Gerald B.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Larson, William E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Cape Canaveral, FL 32899 USA. RP Sanders, GB (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM gerald.b.sanders@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000208 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300002 ER PT J AU Metzger, PT Muscatello, A Mueller, RP Mantovani, J AF Metzger, Philip T. Muscatello, Anthony Mueller, Robert P. Mantovani, James TI Affordable, Rapid Bootstrapping of the Space Industry and Solar System Civilization SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ISRU; Space manufacturing; Robotics; Space resources; Lunar industry; In situ resource utilization; Settling space; Space colonization; Space exploration; Space mining ID PLANT SIZE; MOON; EXTRACTION; METALS; OXYGEN; PLUME AB Advances in robotics and additive manufacturing have become game-changing for the prospects of space industry. It has become feasible to bootstrap a self-sustaining, self-expanding industry at reasonably low cost. Simple modeling was developed to identify the main parameters of successful bootstrapping. This indicates that bootstrapping can be achieved with as little as 12 t landed on the Moon during a period of about 20 years. The equipment will be teleoperated and then transitioned to full autonomy so the industry can spread to the asteroid belt and beyond. The strategy begins with a subreplicating system and evolves toward full self-sustainability (full closure) via an in situ technology spiral. The industry grows exponentially because of the free real estate, energy, and material resources of space. The mass of industrial assets at the end of bootstrapping will be 156 t with 60 humanoid robots or as high as 40,000 t with as many as 100,000 humanoid robots if faster manufacturing is supported by launching a total of 41 t to the Moon. Within another few decades with no further investment, it can have millions of times the industrial capacity of the United States. Modeling over wide parameter ranges indicates this is reasonable, but further analysis is needed. This industry promises to revolutionize the human condition. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000236. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Metzger, Philip T.; Mantovani, James] NASA, Granular Mech & Regolith Operat Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Muscatello, Anthony] NASA, Appl Chem Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Mueller, Robert P.] NASA, Surface Syst Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Metzger, PT (reprint author), NASA, Granular Mech & Regolith Operat Lab, NE-S-1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Philip.T.Metzger@nasa.gov; Anthony.C.Muscatello@nasa.gov; Rob.Mueller@nasa.gov; James.G.Mantovani@nasa.gov RI Metzger, Philip/R-3136-2016 OI Metzger, Philip/0000-0002-6871-5358 NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 60 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 18 EP 29 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000236 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300003 ER PT J AU Trigwell, S Captain, J Weis, K Quinn, J AF Trigwell, Steve Captain, James Weis, Kyle Quinn, Jacqueline TI Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Regolith: Applications in In Situ Resource Utilization SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Electrostatic beneficiation; Lunar regolith; ISRU; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID SIMULANT AB Returning to the Moon, or going further afield such as to Mars, presents enormous challenges in sustaining life for extended periods of time far beyond the few days the astronauts experienced on the Moon during the Apollo missions. Astay on Mars is envisioned to last several months, and it would be cost prohibitive to take all the requirements for such a stay from Earth. Therefore, future exploration missions will be required to be self-sufficient and use the resources available at the mission site to sustain human occupation. Such an exercise is currently the focus of intense research at National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the in situ resource utilization program. As well as the oxygen and water necessary for human life, resources for providing building materials for habitats, radiation protection, and landing/launch pads are required. All these materials can be provided by the regolith present on the surface because it contains sufficient minerals and metals oxides to meet the requirements. However, before processing, it would be cost effective if the regolith could be enriched in the mineral(s) of interest. This can be achieved by electrostatic beneficiation, in which tribocharged mineral particles are separated out, and the feedstock is enriched or depleted as required. The results of electrostatic beneficiation of lunar simulants and actual Apollo regolith in a high lunar vacuum are reported, in which various degrees of efficient particle separation and mineral enrichment up to a few hundred percent were achieved. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000226. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Trigwell, Steve] Sierra Lobo, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Captain, James; Weis, Kyle] QinetiQ N Amer, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Quinn, Jacqueline] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Trigwell, S (reprint author), Sierra Lobo, ESC 5, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM steven.trigwell-1@nasa.gov; james.captain@nasa.gov; kyle.weis@nasa.gov; jacqueline.w.quinn@nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000226 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300004 ER PT J AU Quinn, JW Captain, JG Weis, K Santiago-Maldonado, E Trigwell, S AF Quinn, Jacqueline W. Captain, Jim G. Weis, Kyle Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo Trigwell, Steve TI Evaluation of Tribocharged Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Simulant in Lunar Gravity SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Beneficiation; Tribocharging; Lunar simulant; Reduced gravity flight AB Tribocharged electrostatic beneficiation of a lunar simulant and actual Apollo regolith has been shown to be successful under a high lunar vacuum in which various degrees of efficient particle separation and mineral enrichment of up to a few hundred percent were achieved. In this paper, electrostatic beneficiation of a lunar simulant at 1/6g, as run on reduced gravity flights (RGFs), is reported. Enrichment of the target mineral ilmenite was achieved as high as 65 and 106% in the two RGF flights undertaken, showing that tribocharged electrostatic beneficiation is a viable process in the lunar environment. It was also shown that the efficiency of the separation was a factor in the orientation of the apparatus in the aircraft because the force of gravity was not perpendicular to the plane of the apparatus during the flight parabolas. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000227. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Quinn, Jacqueline W.; Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Captain, Jim G.; Weis, Kyle] QinetiQ N Amer, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Trigwell, Steve] Sierra Lobo, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Trigwell, S (reprint author), Sierra Lobo, ESC 24, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM jacqueline.w.quinn@nasa.gov; james.g.captain@nasa.gov; kyle.weis@nasa.gov; edgardo.santiago-maldonado-1@nasa.gov; steven.trigwell-1@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000227 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300005 ER PT J AU Zubrin, RM Muscatello, AC Berggren, M AF Zubrin, Robert M. Muscatello, Anthony C. Berggren, Mark TI Integrated Mars In Situ Propellant Production System SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mars; ISRU; Propellant; Sabatier; Reverse water gas shift AB Pioneer Astronautics has developed a system that harvests CO2 from a simulated Martian atmosphere and reacts it with H-2 into rocket propellant at a rate of 1 kg/day. A prototype system operated autonomously for 5 consecutive days, during which it maintained a 100% conversion rate (to detectable limits) of CO2 and H-2 into products, maintaining a constant O-2:CH4 ratio in the product stream with only minor adjustments. The integrated Mars in situ propellant production system (IMISPPS) uses a mixed catalyst bed to conduct the Sabatier methanation reaction and the reverse water gas shift in a single reactor. A recycle loop makes performance resistant to operational changes, with product ratios stable regardless of reactor temperature changes of as much as 100 degrees C. An optimized IMISPPS is projected to produce 1 kg/day of O-2: CH4 propellant and have a mass of 50 kg with a methane purity of 98+% while consuming 700 W of electrical power. With hydrogen from Earth, the system demonstrates a mass leverage of 18: 1 in useful rocket propellant produced on Mars compared with imported feedstock. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000201. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Zubrin, Robert M.; Berggren, Mark] Pioneer Astronaut, Unit A, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Muscatello, Anthony C.] NASA, Appl Chem Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Berggren, M (reprint author), Pioneer Astronaut, Unit A, 11111 W 8th Ave, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. EM zubrin@aol.com; Anthony.C.Muscatello@nasa.gov; mberggren@pioneerastro.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center Small Business Innovation Research Phase II program FX The work described in this article was funded under a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center Small Business Innovation Research Phase II program. The Contracting Officer's Technical Representative at Kennedy Space Center was Jeanine Captain. Significant contributions to the research effort were also provided by Pioneer staff including Douwe Bruinsma, James Kilgore, Nick Jameson, Heather Rose, and Emily Bostwick-White. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 35 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000201 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300006 ER PT J AU Interbartolo, MA Sanders, GB Oryshchyn, L Lee, K Vaccaro, H Santiago-Maldonado, E Muscatello, AC AF Interbartolo, Michael A., III Sanders, Gerald B. Oryshchyn, Lara Lee, Kris Vaccaro, Helen Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo Muscatello, Anthony C. TI Prototype Development of an Integrated Mars Atmosphere and Soil-Processing System SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mars; ISRU; NASA; Propellant production. AB The concept of living off the land by using the indigenous resources of the Moon, Mars, or other potential sites of robotic and human exploration has been termed in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and will be an enabling technology to open up the solar system. Although the most recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) human Marsmission study (Design Reference Architecture 5.0) showed that production of propellants and life support consumables was a mission-enabling capability, mission planners were hesitant to select the newly proposed water extraction from Mars soil option because of the perceived high risk associated with this approach. To overcome resistance in putting ISRU capabilities in the critical path of mission success, NASA ISRU developers have adopted the approach of designing and building hardware into end-to-end systems at representative mission scales and testing these systems under mission-relevant conditions at analog field test sites. Previous ISRU field demonstrations have been standalone lunar ISRU modules running on alternating current power with nonoptimal integration. The primary goal of the Mars atmosphere and regolith collector/processor for lander operations (MARCO POLO) project is to design, build, and test an end-to-end first-generation Mars ISRU atmospheric and soil-processing system powered by mission-relevant direct current power while also demonstrating closed-loop power production via the combination of a fuel cell and electrolyzer. A secondary goal is to perform remote and autonomous operations with this integrated system on a 3 x 3-m (similar to 9 x 9-ft) octagon lander and transfer oxygen and methane produced to a cryocart for use with a thruster to demonstrate an end-to-end Mars resource-to-thrust concept. This paper will outline the overall design, technologies used, and concept of operations for the MARCO POLO project and its upcoming field demonstration. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000214. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Interbartolo, Michael A., III; Sanders, Gerald B.; Oryshchyn, Lara; Lee, Kris; Vaccaro, Helen] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo; Muscatello, Anthony C.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Interbartolo, MA (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code EP,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.a.interbartolo@nasa.gov; gerald.b.sanders@nasa.gov; lara.a.oryshchyn@nasa.gov; kristopher.a.lee@nasa.gov; helen.vaccaro-1@nasa.gov; edgardo.santiago-maldonado-1@nasa.gov; anthony.c.muscatello@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 26 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000214 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300007 ER PT J AU Lee, KA Oryshchyn, L Paz, A Reddington, M Simon, TM AF Lee, Kristopher A. Oryshchyn, Lara Paz, Aaron Reddington, Mike Simon, Thomas M. TI The ROxygen Project: Outpost-Scale Lunar Oxygen Production System Development at Johnson Space Center SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE National Aeronautics and Space Administration; In situ resource utilization; Hydrogen reduction; Lunar oxygen production; Field test; Mauna Kea; Pilot plant; Johnson Space Center AB In 2009; the Augustine report reinforced the importance of in situ oxygen production as a critical technology for sustainable exploration. Engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Johnson Space Center have been working on making this critical technology a reality through the design, fabrication, and testing of two hydrogen reduction reactors, accomplished as part of the ROxygen project. Engineers built and extensively tested a small-scale reactor that provided key design parametrics for the second reactor-a large-scale vessel consistent with the scale required to produce 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) of oxygen per year. Once designed and fabricated, this large-scale reactor was tested in the laboratory and in the 2008 in situ research utilization field test on the slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and in the laboratory at Johnson Space Center. This paper presents an overview of the approach taken, the high-level design information required, and the typical test data accrued for both the small-scale and large-scale reactors. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000230. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Lee, Kristopher A.; Oryshchyn, Lara; Paz, Aaron; Reddington, Mike; Simon, Thomas M.] NASA, Prop & Power Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Lee, KA (reprint author), NASA, Prop & Power Div, Mail Code EP, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM kristopher.a.lee@nasa.gov; lara.a.oryshchyn@nasa.gov; aaron.paz-1@nasa.gov; michael.d.reddington@nasa.gov; thomas.m.simon@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000230 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300008 ER PT J AU Zacny, K Paulsen, G Szczesiak, M Craft, J Chu, P McKay, C Glass, B Davila, A Marinova, M Pollard, W Jackson, W AF Zacny, K. Paulsen, G. Szczesiak, M. Craft, J. Chu, P. McKay, C. Glass, B. Davila, A. Marinova, M. Pollard, W. Jackson, W. TI LunarVader: Development and Testing of Lunar Drill in Vacuum Chamber and in Lunar Analog Site of Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Drilling; Sampling; Moon; Lunar drilling; Lunar drill; Subsurface exploration; Rotary-percussive; Hammer drill; Percussive drill; Planetary exploration ID EXPLORATION; WATER AB Future exploration of the Moon will require access to the subsurface and acquisition of samples for scientific analysis and ground truthing of water-ice and mineral reserves for in situ resource utilization purposes. The LunarVader drill described in this paper is a 1-m class drill and cuttings acquisition system enabling subsurface exploration of the Moon. The drill employs rotary-percussive action, which reduces the weight on bit and energy consumption. This drilling approach has been successfully used by previous lunarmissions, such as the Soviet Luna 16, 20, and 24, and United States Apollo 15, 16, and 17. These missions and drilling systems are described in detail. The passive sample acquisition system of the LunarVader drill delivers cuttings directly into a sample cup or an instrument inlet port. The drill was tested in a vacuum chamber and penetrated various formations, such as a water-saturated lunar soil simulant (JSC-1A) at-80 degrees C, water-ice, and rocks to a depth of 1m. The system was also field tested in the lunar analog site on Ross Island, Antarctica, where it successfully penetrated to 1-m depth and acquired icy samples into a sample cup. During the chamber and field testing, the LunarVader demonstrated drilling at the 1-1-100-100 level; that is, it penetrated 1 m in approximately 1 h with roughly 100-W power and less than 100-N weight on bit. This corresponds to a total drilling energy of approximately 100 Whr. The drill system achieved high enough technology readiness to be considered as a viable option for future lunarmissions, such as the South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return and Geophysical Network missions recently recommended by the Decadal Survey of the National Research Council, and commercial missions, such as Google Lunar X-Prize missions. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000212. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Zacny, K.] Honeybee Robot, Explorat Technol, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Chu, P.] Honeybee Robot, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [McKay, C.; Glass, B.; Davila, A.; Marinova, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94040 USA. [Pollard, W.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Jackson, W.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Zacny, K (reprint author), Honeybee Robot, Explorat Technol, 398 W Washington Blvd,Ste 200, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. EM zacny@honeybeerobotics.com RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 FU United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs FX The research reported in this paper was conducted by Honeybee Robotics under various contracts with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, including Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets and the Small Business Innovative Research program. Testing in Antarctica was supported by the United States Antarctic Program as part of the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 74 EP 86 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000212 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300009 ER PT J AU Green, A Zacny, K Pestana, J Lieu, D Mueller, R AF Green, Alex Zacny, Kris Pestana, Juan Lieu, Dennis Mueller, Robert TI Investigating the Effects of Percussion on Excavation Forces SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lunar excavation; Lunar mining; Lunar soil; In situ resource utilization; Percussive excavation; Dilatancy; Soil strength AB Percussive excavation is researched as a viable technology to reduce the shear strength of the dry lunar soil simulant JSC-1A. Experimental tests were conducted in a percussive and quasi-static test bed, which used a replica Surveyor scoop as the excavation tool. The effects of percussion, relative to measured excavation baseline draft forces, are presented in the context of six different variables. The test variables include percussive frequency, percussive impact energy, excavation speed, excavation depth, angle of attack, and relative soil density. It is concluded that percussion reduces the shear strength of dry JSC-1A by removing the effects of soil dilatancy from the internal friction angle along the shear failure boundary layer. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000216. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Green, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Zacny, Kris] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Pestana, Juan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mueller, Robert] NASA, Surface Syst Off, Engn Directorate, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Green, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 2745 Byron St, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. EM alex_n_green@berkeley.edu FU NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lunar Science Institute (NLSI) FX This work was supported by the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lunar Science Institute (NLSI) project "Scientific Exploration Potential of the Lunar Poles" topic area "Excavation and Mobility Modeling." NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000216 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300010 ER PT J AU Agui, JH Bucek, M DeGennaro, A Wilkinson, RA Zeng, X AF Agui, J. H. Bucek, M. DeGennaro, A. Wilkinson, R. A. Zeng, X. TI Lunar Excavation Experiments in Simulant Soil Test Beds: Revisiting the Surveyor Geotechnical Data SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lunar; Surveyor; Regolith; Geotechnical; Simulant; Exploration; Bearing test; Excavation; Trenching; Density measurement ID MECHANICS; FORCES; JSC-1A AB The establishment of permanent bases on planetary surfaces is an important long-term goal of the space community. Understanding the geotechnical properties of planetary surfaces and their interaction with tools and implements will be essential in addressing the challenges of material-handling equipment for infrastructure development during surface missions. With this aim, a replica of the soil mechanics surface sampler, an extendable scoop with a bearing plate attachment, operated on some of the lunar Surveyor missions in the 1960s, was fabricated and used in a series of simulated bearing and excavation tests. Initially, a set of tests was performed on a small laboratory test stand using an acrylic soil bin with a 30.5 x 33.0-cm footprint. Subsequent tests were performed in a new large-scale soil bin facility (2: 27 3 5: 94 3 0: 76 m) to minimize wall effects. Both test setups involved the use of JSC-1a lunar simulant soil beds and motorized actuators to drive the scoop into the simulant. Emphasis was placed on methods of repeatable soil bin preparation. The scoop was attached to a commercial six-axis load cell that provided time-resolved measurements of the three-dimensional forces and torques. In addition, simultaneous video provided detailed imaging of the flow behavior and surcharge formation of the regolith during excavation. A surface-profiling technique was developed to resolve the surface deformation as the scoop penetrated and trenched the simulant. Bearing test data in loose bed preparations in both bins compared well with the Surveyor flight data. The data also included the soil response under compacted soil conditions. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000249. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Agui, J. H.; DeGennaro, A.; Wilkinson, R. A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Fluid Phys & Transport Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Bucek, M.; Zeng, X.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Agui, JH (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Fluid Phys & Transport Branch, Mail Stop 77-5,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Juan.H.Agui@nasa.gov; Allen.Wilkinson@nasa.gov; xxz16@case.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center; NASA Lunar Science Institute FX The authors thank the Kansas State Cosmosphere Museum for lending out the returned Surveyor III soil mechanics surface sampler (SMSS). The authors also appreciate the support provided by engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, who provided the hardware and software for the photogrammetry technique used to obtain the needed dimensional measurements from the return Surveyor III SMSS flight unit. The assistance provided by Mr. Colin Creager at the Glenn Research Center on some of the tests was greatly appreciated. Finally, the authors appreciate the support for this work provided through the NASA Lunar Science Institute's funding of the "Scientific and Exploration Potential of the Lunar Poles" team. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 117 EP 133 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000249 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300013 ER PT J AU Hintze, PE Quintana, S AF Hintze, Paul E. Quintana, Stephanie TI Building a Lunar or Martian Launch Pad with In Situ Materials: Recent Laboratory and Field Studies SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lunar materials ID SOIL AB Building launch pads on extraterrestrial surfaces has gained interest as a way to improve landing safety and mitigate dust problems caused by launch and landing. On Mars, a landing pad may be a necessity for the safe landing of a large human-carrying vehicle. There have been many proposed surface stabilization technologies, and evaluation of the technologies uses regolith simulants and terrestrial analogue sites. Recent work on the lunar simulants used in sintering studies and results from recent field demonstrations are presented here. Laboratory studies on simulants focused on determining how the composition of the simulant affected sintering. The glass content of the lunar simulant was found to be a key parameter in determining when a simulant sintered. Field demonstrations of a solar concentrator and a resistive heating sintering system are described. Field demonstrations factor in not only the simulant but also larger-scale thermal effects that are not present in laboratory tests. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000205. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Hintze, Paul E.] NASA, Div Mat Sci, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Quintana, Stephanie] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hintze, PE (reprint author), NASA, Div Mat Sci, NE-L2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Paul.E.Hintze@nasa.gov OI Hintze, Paul/0000-0002-9962-2955 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 EI 1943-5525 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS1943-5525.0000205 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300014 ER PT J AU Mantovani, JG Townsend, II AF Mantovani, James G. Townsend, Ivan I., III TI Planetary Regolith Delivery Systems for ISRU SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ISRU; Planetary regolith; Regolith delivery system AB This paper describes tests conducted since 2008 at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to address engineering challenges associated with delivering planetary regolith to in situ resource utilization (ISRU) systems. The need to excavate regolith under reduced-gravity conditions on a planetary surface and then deliver it to systems for material analysis and/or processing constrains the possible engineering approaches that can be used in space. Mission costs may further limit the mass and available power of a regolith delivery system. Mechanical systems operating in a planetary environment require high reliability with respect to system service life because it is usually difficult or impossible to perform maintenance robotically on a planetary surface. The regolith delivery system for most ISRU systems must have a leak-tight interface between the near-vacuum found on a planetary surface and the pressurized atmosphere within the ISRU reactor. Depending on the mission, the amount of regolith that must be delivered may range from a few grams (e. g., for analysis) to tens of kilograms (e. g., for oxygen production). Hot, spent regolith from an ISRU reactor must eventually be returned to the planetary environment by means of an interface that is capable of operating and sealing over a potentially large temperature range. In this paper, we will describe pneumatic and auger methods of conveying large amounts of regolith that have been studied and demonstrated at NASA KSC and at ISRU field tests and discuss other regolith delivery systems that are being designed for future field tests. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000248. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Mantovani, James G.] NASA, Granular Mech & Regolith Operat Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Townsend, Ivan I., III] Craig Technol, Surface Syst, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Mantovani, JG (reprint author), NASA, Granular Mech & Regolith Operat Lab, NE-S-1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM James.G.Mantovani@nasa.gov; Ivan.I.Townsend@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000248 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300018 ER PT J AU Rickman, D Edmunson, J McLemore, C AF Rickman, Doug Edmunson, Jennifer McLemore, Carole TI Functional Comparison of Lunar Regoliths and Their Simulants SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lunar regolith; Simulation; Particle size; Particle shape; Silicates; Shape; Space construction; Space colonies; Geomaterials ID SOIL AB Lunar regolith simulants are essential to the development of technology for human exploration of the Moon. Any equipment that will interact with the surface environment must be tested with simulant to mitigate various risks, such as unexpected mechanical abrasion, chemical interactions, or thermal failures. To reduce the greatest amount of risk, the simulant must replicate the lunar surface as well as possible. To quantify the similarities and differences between simulants, the figure of merit (FOM) was developed. The Figure of Merit software compares the simulants and regolith by particle size, particle shape, density, and the relative abundance of minerals, rocks, and glass; these four properties dictate the majority of the remaining characteristics of geologic material. As a result, not only is the risk made quantifiable, but a conceptual framework is established for the evaluation of simulants. There are important limitations in our knowledge and technology pertaining to simulants. Specific examples include a surprising lack of specific, important measurements on lunar samples, the unavoidable presence of nonlunar phases in the simulants, and the limited nature of the FOM. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000223. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Rickman, Doug] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Edmunson, Jennifer] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, BAE Syst, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Rickman, D (reprint author), Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr,ZP11, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM Doug.Rickman@NASA.gov; Jennifer.E.Edmunson@NASA.gov; Carole.A.McLemore@NASA.gov OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000223 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300019 ER PT J AU ten Kate, IL Armstrong, R Bernhardt, B Blumers, M Craft, J Boucher, D Caillibot, E Captain, J Deleuterio, G Farmer, JD Glavin, DP Graff, T Hamilton, JC Klingelhofer, G Morris, RV Nunez, JI Quinn, JW Sanders, GB Sellar, RG Sigurdson, L Taylor, R Zacny, K AF ten Kate, Inge L. Armstrong, Rob Bernhardt, Bodo Blumers, Mathias Craft, Jack Boucher, Dale Caillibot, Eric Captain, Janine Deleuterio, Gabriele Farmer, Jack D. Glavin, Daniel P. Graff, Trevor Hamilton, John C. Klingelhoefer, Goestar Morris, Richard V. Nunez, Jorge I. Quinn, Jacqueline W. Sanders, Gerald B. Sellar, R. Glenn Sigurdson, Leanne Taylor, Ross Zacny, Kris TI Mauna Kea, Hawaii, as an Analog Site for Future Planetary Resource Exploration: Results from the 2010 ILSO-ISRU Field-Testing Campaign SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Field testing; ILSO-ISRU; Planetary analog site; Instrument testing ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; VOLATILE ANALYSIS; MIMOS-II; MARS; REGOLITH; WATER; GLASS; INSTRUMENT; PYROLYSIS AB The major advances in knowledge of extraterrestrial bodies come from in situ measurements on robotized measuring devices deployed by international space missions, for example, on the Moon and Mars. It is essential to test these instruments in environments on Earth that bear a close resemblance to planetary conditions. Within the framework of the 2010 International Lunar Surface Operation In Situ Resource Utilization (2010 ILSO-ISRU) Analog Test, a suite of scientific instruments developed for in situ lunar research was field tested and calibrated on the Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii on January 27 to February 11, 2010. This site will be used as one of the future standard test sites to calibrate instruments for in situ lunar research. In 2010, a total of eight scientific teams tested instrument capabilities at the test site. In this paper, a geological setting for this new field-test site, a description of the instruments that were tested during the 2010 ILSO-ISRU field campaign, and a short discussion of each instrument about the validity and use of the results obtained during the test are provided. These results will serve as reference for future test campaigns. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000200. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [ten Kate, Inge L.; Glavin, Daniel P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [ten Kate, Inge L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Armstrong, Rob] Neptec Design Grp, Kanata, ON K2K 1Y5, Canada. [Bernhardt, Bodo] von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, D-68723 Schwetzingen, Germany. [Blumers, Mathias] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mars Mossbauer Grp, AK Klingelhofer, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Craft, Jack] Honeybee Robot, Explorat Technol Grp, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Boucher, Dale; Sigurdson, Leanne] No Ctr Adv Technol NorCAT, Sudbury, ON P3A 4R7, Canada. [Caillibot, Eric] Xiphos Technol, Montreal, PQ H2W 1Y5, Canada. [Deleuterio, Gabriele] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Farmer, Jack D.; Nunez, Jorge I.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempeh, AZ 85287 USA. [Graff, Trevor] Jacobs Technol, ESCG, Houston, TX 77258 USA. [Hamilton, John C.] Pacific Int Space Ctr Explorat Syst, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Klingelhoefer, Goestar] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Inorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, MIMOS Project, Mars Mossbauer Grp, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Quinn, Jacqueline W.] NASA, RESOLVE Payload Project, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Sanders, Gerald B.] NASA, Prop & Power Div, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sellar, R. Glenn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zacny, Kris] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, Explorat Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. RP ten Kate, IL (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Ctr Phys Geol Proc, Sem Saelands Vei 24, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM science@ingeloes.com RI Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Nunez, Jorge/J-4027-2015 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Nunez, Jorge/0000-0003-0930-6674 FU CSA; NASA; NASA ROSES FSAT program; Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) program; MMAMA program; DLR [50QX0802] FX The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the CSA and NASA for funding the analog field test infrastructure and campaign, NORCAT for providing the analog field test site infrastructure, and the PISCES for obtaining access to the analog field test site and providing logistics and assistance for field test operations. The authors would also like to thank the NASA ROSES FSAT, Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID), and MMAMA programs for instrument funding and field science support. G. K., B. B., and M. B. acknowledge the support by the DLR under Contract No. 50QX0802. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000200 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069NW UT WOS:000313444300020 ER PT J AU DiGiovanni, K Montalto, F Gaffin, S Rosenzweig, C AF DiGiovanni, Kimberly Montalto, Franco Gaffin, Stuart Rosenzweig, Cynthia TI Applicability of Classical Predictive Equations for the Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Urban Green Spaces: Green Roof Results SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Environmental engineering; Evapotranspiration; Evaporation; Methodology; Lysimeters; Vegetation; Roofs; Urban areas ID WATER; EVAPORATION; CARBON; SEQUESTRATION; INDUCTION; CLIMATE; BALANCE; ENERGY; TREES; MODEL AB Green roofs and other urban green spaces can provide a variety of valuable benefits linked to evaporative processes, including storm-water management, reduction of urban heat island, and carbon sequestration. Accurate and representative estimation of urban evapotranspiration (ET) is a necessary tool for predicting such benefits. However, many common ET estimation procedures were developed for agricultural applications, and thus carry inherent assumptions that may not be applicable to urban green spaces, including green roofs. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two combination methods for the prediction of ET from a green roof. Two ET estimation methodologies were compared, using on-site and regionally available data sets for daily time steps, to weighing lysimeter measurements of actual ET at a green roof site in the Bronx, New York. Regionally available estimates of potential ET did not accurately predict lysimeter measured actual ET on 30 nonconsecutive, non-water-limited days in months from September through December. Over the same period, the ASCE Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation performed well in predicting actual ET with an RMSD of only 0.03 mm d(-1). Additionally, the ET equation for short reference types, using on-site climatic data and coupled with a variation of the Thornthwaite-Mather approximation, which accounts for variable media moisture conditions, gave reasonable predictions of actual evapotranspiration for 89 days analyzed (representing months from June through January) with an aggregate underestimation of 10.1%. However, this method was highly sensitive to input parameters, specifically media field capacity. Further on-site data collection is necessary to fully evaluate the performance of the equations over different seasons at this location, and monitoring of supplementary urban green spaces and green infrastructure sites will also lend further insights regarding urban evapotranspiration. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000572. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [DiGiovanni, Kimberly; Montalto, Franco] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gaffin, Stuart; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gaffin, Stuart; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP DiGiovanni, K (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kad54@drexel.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSFGRFP 200908922]; ECFS FX The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program has provided funding support (NSFGRFP 200908922). Columbia University has been instrumental in facilitating the collaborative efforts in monitoring green roof performance at the Ethical Culture Fieldston School (ECFS) and has provided support on equipment installation and setup as well as climatic data collected by Columbia University at the ECFS green roof. ECFS, particularly Peter Mott and Howard Waldman, have provided enthusiastic support, funding for equipment and access to ECFS facilities. Northeast Regional Climate Center is acknowledged for provision of data. Chris Brunner, Ben Cohen, and Universal Supply Co. of Hammonton, New Jersey, are acknowledged for their aid in the green roof weighing lysimeter construction and provision of gratis materials. Cooper Union, Professor Joseph Cataldo, Krzysztof Wiater, and Cecilia Ye are thanked for providing facilities and aid in preliminary equipment testing before field deployment. Olyssa Starry is acknowledged for her generous insights regarding Sedum physiology and metabolic pathways. A portion of this manuscript has been submitted for publication in the conference proceedings of the ASCE-EWRI 2011 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 143 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000572 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 068FU UT WOS:000313352500012 ER PT J AU Salem, JA AF Salem, Jonathan A. TI Transparent Armor Ceramics as Spacecraft Windows SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE; MGAL2O4 AB The slow crack growth parameters of several transparent armor ceramics were measured as part of a program to lighten next generation spacecraft windows. Transparent magnesium aluminate (spinel, MgAl2O4) and AlON exhibit superior slow crack resistance relative to fused silica, which is the historical material of choice. For spinel, slow crack growth, strength, and fracture toughness are significantly influenced by the grain size, and alumina-rich phases and porosity at the grain boundaries lead to intergranular fracture in coarse grain spinel. Functions describing the required mass for a desired window life imply that transparent ceramics can lighten window panes from a slow crack growth perspective. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Salem, JA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Jonathan.a.salem@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 96 IS 1 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1111/jace.12089 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 066XC UT WOS:000313254300044 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Wang, JQ Olsen, ET Liang, MC Pagano, TS Chen, LL Licata, SJ Yung, YL AF Jiang, Xun Wang, Jingqian Olsen, Edward T. Liang, Maochang Pagano, Thomas S. Chen, Luke L. Licata, Stephen J. Yung, Yuk L. TI Influence of El Nino on Midtropospheric CO2 from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAUNA-LOA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; CYCLE AB The authors investigate the influence of El Nino on midtropospheric CO2 from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2 (MOZART-2). AIRS midtropospheric CO2 data are used to study the temporal and spatial variability of CO2 in response to El Nino. CO2 differences between the central and western Pacific Ocean correlate well with the Southern Oscillation index. To reveal the temporal and spatial variability of the El Nino signal in the AIRS midtropospheric CO2, a multiple regression method is applied to the CO2 data from September 2002 to February 2011. There is more (less) midtropospheric CO2 in the central Pacific and less (more) midtropospheric CO2 in the western Pacific during El Nino (La Nina) events. Similar results are seen in the MOZART-2 convolved midtropospheric CO2, although the El Nino signal in the MOZART-2 is weaker than that in the AIRS data. C1 [Jiang, Xun; Wang, Jingqian] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Olsen, Edward T.; Pagano, Thomas S.; Chen, Luke L.; Licata, Stephen J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. [Liang, Maochang] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Liang, Maochang] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM xjiang7@uh.edu FU JPL [G99694]; JPL OCO-2 project; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We especially acknowledge Moustafa Chahine, Alexander Ruzmaikin, and Mimi Gerstell, who gave helpful suggestions on this research. XJ was supported by JPL Grant G99694. YLY was supported by the JPL OCO-2 project. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0282.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 068KH UT WOS:000313365100014 ER PT J AU Yang, P Bi, L Baum, BA Liou, KN Kattawar, GW Mishchenko, MI Cole, B AF Yang, Ping Bi, Lei Baum, Bryan A. Liou, Kuo-Nan Kattawar, George W. Mishchenko, Michael I. Cole, Benjamin TI Spectrally Consistent Scattering, Absorption, and Polarization Properties of Atmospheric Ice Crystals at Wavelengths from 0.2 to 100 mu m SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; CLOUD OPTICAL-THICKNESS; TIME-DOMAIN METHOD; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SINGLE-SCATTERING; CIRRUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; GEOMETRIC-OPTICS; T-MATRIX; PART II AB Adata library is developed containing the scattering, absorption, and polarization properties of ice particles in the spectral range from 0.2 to 100 mu m. The properties are computed based on a combination of the Amsterdam discrete dipole approximation (ADDA), the T-matrix method, and the improved geometric optics method (IGOM). The electromagnetic edge effect is incorporated into the extinction and absorption efficiencies computed from the IGOM. A full set of single-scattering properties is provided by considering three-dimensional random orientations for 11 ice crystal habits: droxtals, prolate spheroids, oblate spheroids, solid and hollow columns, compact aggregates composed of eight solid columns, hexagonal plates, small spatial aggregates composed of 5 plates, large spatial aggregates composed of 10 plates, and solid and hollow bullet rosettes. The maximum dimension of each habit ranges from 2 to 10 000 mu m in 189 discrete sizes. For each ice crystal habit, three surface roughness conditions (i.e., smooth, moderately roughened, and severely roughened) are considered to account for the surface texture of large particles in the IGOM applicable domain. The data library contains the extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, six independent nonzero elements of the phase matrix (P-11, P-12, P-22, P-33, P-43, and P-44), particle projected area, and particle volume to provide the basic single-scattering properties for remote sensing applications and radiative transfer simulations involving ice clouds. Furthermore, a comparison of satellite observations and theoretical simulations for the polarization characteristics of ice clouds demonstrates that ice cloud optical models assuming severely roughened ice crystals significantly outperform their counterparts assuming smooth ice crystals. C1 [Yang, Ping; Bi, Lei; Cole, Benjamin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liou, Kuo-Nan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Liou, Kuo-Nan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kattawar, George W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mishchenko, Michael I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, TAMU 3150, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Bi, Lei/B-9242-2011 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; FU NASA [NNX11AK37G]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0239605, ATM-0803779]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0154]; [NNX11AR06G]; [NNX11AF40G] FX The computation of the present scattering database was mainly supported by NASA Grant NNX11AK37G managed by Dr. Lucia Tsaoussi, and partly by the endowment funds related to the David Bullock Harris Chair in Geosciences at the College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University. The long-term effort on the further development and refinement of the Improved Geometric Optics Model (IGOM) was mainly supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-0239605 and ATM-0803779). Bryan Baum and Ping Yang also gratefully acknowledge the support of Grant NNX11AR06G managed by Dr. Hal Maring and Grant NNX11AF40G managed by Dr. Ramesh Kakar. George W. Kattawar's research was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-11-1-0154. Michael Mishchenko's research was funded by the NASA Remote Sensing Theory Program managed by Dr. Lucia Tsaoussi and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Dr. Hal Maring. The authors thank M. A. Yurkin and A. G. Hoekstra for the use of their ADDA code (version 0.79), J .F. de Haan for the adding-doubling code for the transfer of polarized radiation, and Y. Xie for the definition of spatial aggregates of hexagonal plates. NR 96 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 330 EP 347 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-039.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 068KH UT WOS:000313365100022 ER PT J AU Wang, H Harrison, KW AF Wang, Hui Harrison, Kenneth W. TI Bayesian Update Method for Contaminant Source Characterization in Water Distribution Systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty; Inverse modeling; Source identification; Infrastructure security ID MARKOV-CHAINS; NETWORKS; IDENTIFICATION; SCHEME; DESIGN AB Bayesian analysis has application to probabilistic source characterization in water distribution systems. A new implementation of Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for this problem is described. The solution addresses the discrete nature of water distribution networks that precludes the application of MCMC methods of general applicability that have been reported elsewhere in the water resources literature. The method is applied to a hypothetical network that has been used by others to test source identification methods. The likelihood function, a key component of Bayes' rule, is evaluated using a Monte Carlo-based stochastic water-demand model. The results reinforce the need to address the multiple sources of uncertainty in the source characterization, including the stochastic variation of water demand. Further research is needed to make the approach feasible in operational environments. Limitations of the approach and future research directions are discussed. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000221. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Wang, Hui] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Wang, Hui] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Harrison, Kenneth W.] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Harrison, Kenneth W.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Harrison, KW (reprint author), Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Kenneth.W.Harrison@nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0849064] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. 0849064 under the Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for valued input into the paper. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 139 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000221 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 068GL UT WOS:000313354200003 ER PT J AU Mecikalski, JR Li, XL Carey, LD McCaul, EW Coleman, TA AF Mecikalski, John R. Li, Xuanli Carey, Lawrence D. McCaul, Eugene W., Jr. Coleman, Timothy A. TI Regional Comparison of GOES Cloud-Top Properties and Radar Characteristics in Advance of First-Flash Lightning Initiation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; KENNEDY SPACE CENTER; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; TRMM OBSERVATIONS; WARM RAIN; PART II; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; FLORIDA THUNDERSTORM; HOKURIKU DISTRICT AB Lightning initiation (LI) events over Florida and Oklahoma are examined and statistically compared to understand the behavior of observed radar and infrared satellite interest fields (IFs) in the 75-min time frame surrounding LI. Lightning initiation is defined as the time of the first lightning, of any kind, generated in a cumulonimbus cloud. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) infrared IFs, contoured frequency by altitude diagrams (CFADs) of radar reflectivity, and model sounding data, analyzed in concert, show the mean characteristics over time for 36 and 23 LI events over Florida and Oklahoma, respectively. CFADs indicate that radar echoes formed 60 min before Florida LI, yet Oklahoma storms exhibited a similar to 30-min delayed development. Large ice volumes in Florida developed from the freezing of lofted liquid hydrometeors formed by long-lived (similar to 45 min) warm rain processes, which are mostly absent in Oklahoma. However, ice volumes developed abruptly in Oklahoma storms despite missing a significant warm rain component. GOES fields were significantly different before 30 min prior to LI between the two locations. Compared to Florida storms, lower precipitable water (PW), higher convective available potential energy, and higher 3.9-mu m reflectance in Oklahoma, suggest stronger and drier updrafts producing a greater abundance of small ice particles. Somewhat larger 15-min 10.7-mu m cooling rates in Oklahoma confirm stronger updrafts, while clouds in the 60-30-min pre-LI period show more IF variability (e. g., in the 6.5-10.7-mu m difference). Florida storms (high PW, slower growth) offer more lead time for LI predictability, compared to Oklahoma storms (low PW, explosive growth), with defined anvils being obvious at the time of LI. C1 [Mecikalski, John R.] Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [McCaul, Eugene W., Jr.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Mecikalski, JR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Dept Atmospher Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM johnm@nsstc.uah.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0813603] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant ATM-0813603. The authors thank Dr. Carrie Langston for valuable help with processing the NOAA National Mosaic and Multi-sensor QPE (NMQ) dataset, and Captain Ryan Harris for processing the GOES-12 lightning-initiation focused data, which were relied upon in this effort. Three anonymous reviewers (one especially) provided considerable direction on how this research article was eventually structured. NR 93 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 141 IS 1 BP 55 EP 74 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00120.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 064MH UT WOS:000313078900003 ER PT J AU Osorio, AF Fernandez-Pello, C Urban, DL Ruff, GA AF Osorio, Andres F. Fernandez-Pello, Carlos Urban, David L. Ruff, Gary A. TI Limiting conditions for flame spread in fire resistant fabrics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Fire-resistant; Flame spread; Limiting oxygen index; Charring AB Fire resistant (FR) fabrics are used for astronauts, firefighter and racecar driver suits. However, their fire resistant characteristics depend on the environmental conditions and require study. Particularly important is the response of these fabrics to varied environments and radiant heat from a source such as an adjacent fire. In this work, experiments were conducted to study the effect of oxygen concentration, external radiant flux and oxidizer flow velocity on the concurrent flame spread over two FR fabrics: Nomex HT90-40 and a Nomex/Nylon/Cotton fabric blend. Results show that for a given fabric the minimum oxygen concentration for concurrent flame spread depends strongly on the magnitude of the external radiant flux. At increased oxygen concentrations the external radiant flux required for flame spread decreases. Oxidizer flow velocity influences the external radiant flux only when the convective heat flux from the flame has similar values to the external radiant flux. The results of this work provide further understanding of the flammability characteristics of fire resistant fabrics in environments similar to those of future spacecrafts. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Osorio, Andres F.; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Osorio, AF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Mailstop 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM andres.osorio@berkeley.edu; ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; david.urban@nasa.gov; gary.a.ruff@nasa.gov RI Osorio, Andres/N-5728-2016 FU NASA [NNX08BA77A]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE1106400] FX This material is based upon work supported by NASA Grant NNX08BA77A and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program Grant DGE1106400. The authors thank Sonia Fereres and David Rich for their help and insightful advice and Debera Hsiao for her assistance in conducting the experiments. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 2691 EP 2697 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.053 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065ES UT WOS:000313131800093 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Katta, VR Linteris, GT Meier, OC AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Katta, Viswanath R. Linteris, Gregory T. Meier, Oliver C. TI Cup-burner flame structure and extinguishment by CF3Br and C2HF5 in microgravity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Aircraft cargo-bay fire suppression; Halon replacement HFC-125; Diffusion flame stabilization; Reaction kernel; Microgravity combustion ID METHANE DIFFUSION FLAMES; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COFLOW AIR; COMBUSTION; SUPPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTS; INHIBITION; MIXTURES; REACTOR AB The effects of fire-extinguishing agents CF3Br and C2HF5 on the structure and extinguishing processes of microgravity cup-burner flames have been studied numerically. Propane and a propane-ethanol-water fuel mixture, prescribed for a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aerosol can explosion simulator test, were used as the fuel. The time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical code, which includes a detailed kinetic model (177 species and 2986 reactions), diffusive transport, and a gray-gas radiation model, revealed unique flame structure and predicted the minimum extinguishing concentration of agent when added to the air stream. The peak reactivity spot (i.e., reaction kernel) at the flame base stabilized a trailing flame. The calculated flame temperature along the trailing flame decreased downstream due to radiative cooling, causing local extinction at <1250 K and flame tip opening. As the mole fraction of agent in the coflow (X-a) was increased gradually: (1) the premixed-like reaction kernel weakened (i.e., lower heat release rate) (but nonetheless formed at higher temperature); (2) the flame base stabilized increasingly higher above the burner rim, parallel to the axis, until finally blowoff-type extinguishment occurred; (3) the calculated maximum flame temperature remained at nearly constant (approximate to 1700 K) or mildly increased; and (4) the total heat release of the entire flame decreased (inhibited) for CF3Br but increased (enhanced) for C2HF5. In the lifted flame base with added C2HF5, H2O (formed from hydrocarbon-O-2 combustion) was converted further to HF and CF2O through exothermic reactions, thus enhancing the heat-release rate peak. In the trailing flame, "two-zone" flame structure developed: CO2 and CF2O were formed primarily in the inner and outer zones, respectively, while HF was formed in both zones. As a result, the unusual (non-chain branching) reactions and the combustion enhancement (increased total heat release) due to the C2HF5 addition occurred primarily in the trailing diffusion flame. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meier, Oliver C.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 110-3,21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM fxt13@case.edu FU Boeing Company FX This work was supported by The Boeing Company. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 2707 EP 2717 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.091 PN 2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065ES UT WOS:000313131800095 ER PT J AU Gowanlock, M Gazan, R AF Gowanlock, Michael Gazan, Rich TI Assessing researcher interdisciplinarity: a case study of the University of Hawaii NASA Astrobiology Institute SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Astrobiology; Bibliometrics; Information bottleneck method; Interdisciplinary science; Machine learning; Text mining ID SCIENCE; CITATION; INDICATORS AB In this study, we combine bibliometric techniques with a machine learning algorithm, the sequential information bottleneck, to assess the interdisciplinarity of research produced by the University of Hawaii NASA Astrobiology Institute (UHNAI). In particular, we cluster abstract data to evaluate Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge subject categories as descriptive labels for astrobiology documents, assess individual researcher interdisciplinarity, and determine where collaboration opportunities might occur. We find that the majority of the UHNAI team is engaged in interdisciplinary research, and suggest that our method could be applied to additional NASA Astrobiology Institute teams in particular, or other interdisciplinary research teams more broadly, to identify and facilitate collaboration opportunities. C1 [Gowanlock, Michael; Gazan, Rich] Univ Hawaii, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Lib & Informat Sci Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gowanlock, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Lib & Informat Sci Program, POST 310,East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM gowanloc@hawaii.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through NASA Astrobiology Institute through Office of Space Science [NNA08DA77A] FX We thank David Schanzenbach for devising scripts, and Mahdi Belcaid and the anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement No. NNA08DA77A issued through the Office of Space Science. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD JAN PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 133 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s11192-012-0765-y PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 063RA UT WOS:000313016300008 ER PT J AU Basu-Zych, AR Lehmer, BD Hornschemeier, AE Bouwens, RJ Fragos, T Oesch, PA Belczynski, K Brandt, WN Kalogera, V Luo, B Miller, N Mullaney, JR Tzanavaris, P Xue, YQ Zezas, A AF Basu-Zych, Antara R. Lehmer, Bret D. Hornschemeier, Ann E. Bouwens, Rychard J. Fragos, Tassos Oesch, Pascal A. Belczynski, Krzysztof Brandt, W. N. Kalogera, Vassiliki Luo, Bin Miller, Neal Mullaney, James R. Tzanavaris, Panayiotis Xue, Yongquan Zezas, Andreas TI THE X-RAY STAR FORMATION STORY AS TOLD BY LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES IN THE 4 Ms CDF-S SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; Galaxy: evolution; stars: evolution; X-rays: binaries ID DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; GOODS-NORTH FIELD; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; FORMING GALAXIES; WFC3/IR OBSERVATIONS; FORMATION HISTORY AB We present results from deep X-ray stacking of >4000 high-redshift galaxies from z approximate to 1 to 8 using the 4Ms Chandra Deep Field-South data, the deepest X-ray survey of the extragalactic sky to date. The galaxy samples were selected using the Lyman break technique based primarily on recent Hubble Space Telescope ACS and WFC3 observations. Based on such high specific star formation rates (sSFRs): log SFR/M-* > -8.7, we expect that the observed properties of these Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) are dominated by young stellar populations. The X-ray emission in LBGs, eliminating individually detected X-ray sources (potential active galactic nucleus), is expected to be powered by X-ray binaries and hot gas. We find, for the first time, evidence of evolution in the X-ray/SFR relation. Based on X-ray stacking analyses for z < 4 LBGs (covering similar to 90% of the universe's history), we find that the 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity evolves weakly with redshift (z) and SFR as logL(X) = 0.93 log(1 + z) + 0.65 log SFR + 39.80. By comparing our observations with sophisticated X-ray binary population synthesis models, we interpret that the redshift evolution of L-X/SFR is driven by metallicity evolution in high mass X-ray binaries, likely the dominant population in these high sSFR galaxies. We also compare these models with our observations of X-ray luminosity density (total 2-10 keV luminosity per Mpc(3)) and find excellent agreement. While there are no significant stacked detections at z greater than or similar to 5, we use our upper limits from 5 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 8 LBGs to constrain the supermassive black hole accretion history of the universe around the epoch of reionization. C1 [Basu-Zych, Antara R.; Lehmer, Bret D.; Hornschemeier, Ann E.; Tzanavaris, Panayiotis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lehmer, Bret D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bouwens, Rychard J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Bouwens, Rychard J.; Oesch, Pascal A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fragos, Tassos] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Belczynski, Krzysztof] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Belczynski, Krzysztof] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Luo, Bin; Xue, Yongquan] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Luo, Bin; Xue, Yongquan] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kalogera, Vassiliki] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Miller, Neal] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mullaney, James R.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Xue, Yongquan] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Astron, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Chinese Acad Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zezas, Andreas] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, Andreas] Univ Crete, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, Andreas] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Basu-Zych, AR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM antara.r.basu-zych@nasa.gov RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649 FU Chandra Cycle 12 program [12620841]; NASA [09-ADP09-0071]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; Einstein Fellowship Program; Youth 1000 Plan program; USTC; NASA through Hubble Fellowship [HF-51278.01]; CfA; ITC prize fellowship programs; CXC [SP1-12007A]; NASA ADP [NNX10AC99G] FX We are grateful to the Chandra Director's office for commissioning the 4 Ms observation of the CDF-S. We thank Eze-quiel Treister for helpful discussions and the anonymous referee for suggestions. This research was supported by Chandra Cycle 12 program No. 12620841 (PI: Basu-Zych) and NASA ADP Proposal 09-ADP09-0071 (PI: Hornschemeier). A.R.B. gratefully acknowledges the appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, and NASA's Swift Observatory for salary support. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Einstein Fellowship Program (B.D.L.), the Youth 1000 Plan program and the USTC startup funding (Y.Q.X.). P.O. acknowledges support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HF-51278.01. T. F. acknowledges support from the CfA and the ITC prize fellowship programs. W.N.B., B.L., and Y.Q.X. thank CXC grant SP1-12007A and NASA ADP grant NNX10AC99G. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. The GOODS-H data were accessed through the HeDaM database (http://hedam.oamp.fr) operated by CeSAM and hosted by the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille. NR 87 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 45 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/45 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900045 ER PT J AU Coe, D Zitrin, A Carrasco, M Shu, XW Zheng, W Postman, M Bradley, L Koekemoer, A Bouwens, R Broadhurst, T Monna, A Host, O Moustakas, LA Ford, H Moustakas, J van der Wel, A Donahue, M Rodney, SA Benitez, N Jouvel, S Seitz, S Kelson, DD Rosati, P AF Coe, Dan Zitrin, Adi Carrasco, Mauricio Shu, Xinwen Zheng, Wei Postman, Marc Bradley, Larry Koekemoer, Anton Bouwens, Rychard Broadhurst, Tom Monna, Anna Host, Ole Moustakas, Leonidas A. Ford, Holland Moustakas, John van der Wel, Arjen Donahue, Megan Rodney, Steven A. Benitez, Narciso Jouvel, Stephanie Seitz, Stella Kelson, Daniel D. Rosati, Piero TI CLASH: THREE STRONGLY LENSED IMAGES OF A CANDIDATE z approximate to 11 GALAXY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early universe; galaxies: clusters: individual (MACSJ0647.7+7015); galaxies: distances and redshifts; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; gravitational lensing: strong ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES AB We present a candidate for the most distant galaxy known to date with a photometric redshift of z = 10.7(-0.4)(+0.6) (95% confidence limits; with z < 9.5 galaxies of known types ruled out at 7.2 sigma). This J-dropout Lyman break galaxy, named MACS0647-JD, was discovered as part of the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). We observe three magnified images of this galaxy due to strong gravitational lensing by the galaxy cluster MACSJ0647.7+7015 at z = 0.591. The images are magnified by factors of similar to 80, 7, and 2, with the brighter two observed at similar to 26th magnitude AB (similar to 0.15 mu Jy) in the WFC3/IR F160W filter (similar to 1.4-1.7 mu m) where they are detected at greater than or similar to 12 sigma. All three images are also confidently detected at greater than or similar to 6 sigma in F140W (similar to 1.2- 1.6 mu m), dropping out of detection from 15 lower wavelength Hubble Space Telescope filters (similar to 0.2-1.4 mu m), and lacking bright detections in Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 mu m and 4.5 mu m imaging (similar to 3.2-5.0 mu m). We rule out a broad range of possible lower redshift interlopers, including some previously published as high-redshift candidates. Our high-redshift conclusion is more conservative than if we had neglected a Bayesian photometric redshift prior. Given CLASH observations of 17 high-mass clusters to date, our discoveries of MACS0647-JD at z similar to 10.8 and MACS1149-JD at z similar to 9.6 are consistent with a lensed luminosity function extrapolated from lower redshifts. This would suggest that low-luminosity galaxies could have reionized the universe. However, given the significant uncertainties based on only two galaxies, we cannot yet rule out the sharp drop-off in number counts at z greater than or similar to 10 suggested by field searches. C1 [Coe, Dan; Postman, Marc; Bradley, Larry; Koekemoer, Anton] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zitrin, Adi; Carrasco, Mauricio] Inst Theoret Astrophys, Zentrum Astron, D-29120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Carrasco, Mauricio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, AIUC, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago, Chile. [Shu, Xinwen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Astron, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Wei; Ford, Holland; Rodney, Steven A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bouwens, Rychard] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2333 Leiden, Netherlands. [Broadhurst, Tom] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Dept Theoret Phys, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. [Broadhurst, Tom] Basque Fdn Sci, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain. [Monna, Anna; Seitz, Stella] Univ Sternwarte, Inst Astron, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Monna, Anna; Seitz, Stella] Univ Sternwarte, Inst Astrophys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Host, Ole; Jouvel, Stephanie] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Host, Ole] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, La Canada Flintridge, CA USA. [Moustakas, John] Siena Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Loudonville, NY USA. [van der Wel, Arjen] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Donahue, Megan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Benitez, Narciso] CSIC, IAA, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Jouvel, Stephanie] CSIC, Inst Cincies Espai IEE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Seitz, Stella] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kelson, Daniel D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rosati, Piero] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Coe, D (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM DCoe@STScI.edu RI Shu, Xinwen/D-7294-2017; OI Shu, Xinwen/0000-0002-7020-4290; Benitez, Narciso/0000-0002-0403-7455 FU Internationale Spitzenforschung II-1 of the Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung; Michigan State University High Performance Computing Center; Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research; DFG cluster of excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe; DNRF; NASA [NAS 5-26555, NAS 5-32864] FX The CLASH Multi-Cycle Treasury Program is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. ACS was developed under NASA contract NAS 5-32864.; This work is also based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA.; A. Z. is supported by contract research Internationale Spitzenforschung II-1 of the Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung. We wish to acknowledge the support of the Michigan State University High Performance Computing Center and the Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research. S.S. was supported by the DFG cluster of excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe. The work of L.A.M. was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the DNRF. NR 179 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 32 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/32 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900032 ER PT J AU Cox, AW Grady, CA Hammel, HB Hornbeck, J Russell, RW Sitko, ML Woodgate, BE AF Cox, Andrew W. Grady, Carol A. Hammel, Heidi B. Hornbeck, Jeremy Russell, Ray W. Sitko, Michael L. Woodgate, Bruce E. TI IMAGING THE DISK AND JET OF THE CLASSICAL T TAURI STAR AA TAU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; instrumentation: high angular resolution; planetary systems; polarization; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (AA Tau) ID HERBIG-AE STAR; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EDGE-ON DISK; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; SCATTERED-LIGHT; VARIABILITY; CONSTRAINTS; HD-163296; MODELS AB Previous studies of the classical T Tauri star AA Tau have interpreted the UX-Orionis-like photo-polarimetric variability as being due to a warp in the inner disk caused by an inclined stellar magnetic dipole field. We test that these effects are macroscopically observable in the inclination and alignment of the disk. We use Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS coronagraphic imagery to measure the V magnitude of the star for both STIS coronagraphic observations, compare these data with optical photometry in the literature, and find that, unlike other classical T Tauri stars observed in the same HST program, the disk is most robustly detected in scattered light at stellar optical minimum light. We measure the outer disk radius, 1 ''.15 +/- 0 ''.0, major-axis position angle, and disk inclination and find that the inner disk, as reported in the literature, is both misinclined and misaligned with respect to the outer disk. AA Tau drives a faint jet, detected in both STIS observations and in follow-on Goddard Fabry-Perot imagery, which is also misaligned with respect to the projection of the outer disk minor axis and is poorly collimated near the star, but which can be traced 21 '' from the star in data from 2005. The measured outer disk inclination, 71 degrees +/- 1 degrees, is out of the range of inclinations suggested for stars with UX-Orionis-like variability when no grain growth has occurred in the disk. The faintness of the disk, small disk size, and detection of the star despite the high inclination all indicate that the dust disk must have experienced grain growth and settling toward the disk midplane, which we verify by comparing the observed disk with model imagery from the literature. C1 [Cox, Andrew W.] Villanova Univ, Dept Astron, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Grady, Carol A.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 96402 USA. [Grady, Carol A.; Woodgate, Bruce E.] NASA, ExoPlanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hammel, Heidi B.] AURA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Hammel, Heidi B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hornbeck, Jeremy] Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Russell, Ray W.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Cox, AW (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Astron, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM acox02@villanova.edu FU Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NASA RTOP [399131.02.02.02.32, 399131.02.05.02.34]; NASA [NNH06CC28C, NNX09AC73G]; [HST-GO-9136] FX We wish to thank the anonymous referee for suggestions that have improved the paper and Edward Guinan for early readings of the manuscript. This work, in part, is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program HST-GO-9136. C.A.G. acknowledges support under HST-GO-9136 to Eureka Scientific. Additional support for the Goddard Fabry-Perot was provided by NASA RTOP 399131.02.02.02.32 and 399131.02.05.02.34 to Goddard Space Flight Center. Data used in this study were obtained at the Astrophysical Research Corporation (ARC) Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope. APO Observing time was awarded as a grant of Directors Discretionary Time. NASA NNH06CC28C provided support for M.L.S., and NASA NNX09AC73G also supported C.A.G. and M.L.S. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 40 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/40 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900040 ER PT J AU DeCesar, ME Boyd, PT Pottschmidt, K Wilms, J Suchy, S Miller, MC AF DeCesar, Megan E. Boyd, Patricia T. Pottschmidt, Katja Wilms, Joern Suchy, Slawomir Miller, M. Coleman TI THE Be/X-RAY BINARY SWIFT J1626.6-5156 AS A VARIABLE CYCLOTRON LINE SOURCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; stars: individual (Swift J1626.6-5156); stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID PULSE PHASE SPECTROSCOPY; LONG-TERM VARIABILITY; TIMING-EXPLORER; VELA X-1; SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS; 2004-2005 OUTBURST; RESOLVED ANALYSIS; CENTAURUS X-3; SPACED DATA; HERCULES-X-1 AB Swift J1626.6-5156 is a Be/X-ray binary that was in outburst from 2005 December until 2008 November. We have examined Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer/Proportional Counter Array (PCA) and High Energy X-ray Timing Explorer spectra of three long observations of this source taken early in its outburst, when the PCA 2-20 keV count rate was > 70 counts s(-1) PCU-1, as well as several combined observations from different stages of the outburst. The spectra are best fit with an absorbed cutoff power law with a similar to 6.4 keV iron emission line and a Gaussian optical depth absorption line at similar to 10 keV. We present strong evidence that this absorption-like feature is a cyclotron resonance scattering feature, making Swift J1626.6-5156 a new candidate cyclotron line source. The redshifted energy of similar to 10 keV implies a magnetic field strength of similar to 8.6(1 + z) x 10(11) G in the region of the accretion column close to the magnetic poles where the cyclotron line is produced. Analysis of phase-averaged spectra spanning the duration of the outburst suggests a possible positive correlation between the fundamental cyclotron energy and source luminosity. Phase-resolved spectroscopy from a long observation reveals a variable cyclotron line energy, with phase dependence similar to a variety of other pulsars, as well as the first harmonic of the fundamental cyclotron line. C1 [DeCesar, Megan E.; Miller, M. Coleman] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeCesar, Megan E.; Pottschmidt, Katja] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wilms, Joern] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Wilms, Joern] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Suchy, Slawomir] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Suchy, Slawomir] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Abt Astron, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Miller, M. Coleman] Univ Maryland, Maryland Astron Ctr Theory & Computat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP DeCesar, ME (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM decesar@astro.umd.edu RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410 FU Swift Guest Investigator program [NNH07ZDA001N-SWIFT4]; NSF [AST0708424]; Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie through Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt [50 OR 0808, 50 OR 0905]; NASA [NAS5-30720, NNX08AZ82G] FX We thank W. Coburn for pointing out Swift J1626.6-5156 as a candidate cyclotron line source. We acknowledge the useful comments of the referee that substantially improved this paper, and thank them for pointing out the use of the ratio of variances F test from which we derived the probability of chance improvement for a given model. This work was funded under solicitation NNH07ZDA001N-SWIFT4 of the Swift Guest Investigator program and NSF grant AST0708424. J. Wilms acknowledges partial funding from the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie through Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt grants 50 OR 0808 and 50 OR 0905. S. Suchy acknowledges the support of NASA contract NAS5-30720 and NASA grant NNX08AZ82G. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 61 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/61 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900061 ER PT J AU Dunner, R Hasselfield, M Marriage, TA Sievers, J Acquaviva, V Addison, GE Ade, PAR Aguirre, P Amiri, M Appel, JW Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Brown, B Burger, B Calabrese, E Chervenak, J Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Doriese, WB Dunkley, J Essinger-Hileman, T Fisher, RP Gralla, MB Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, GC Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, DH Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Juin, JB Kaul, M Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lau, JM Limon, M Lin, YT Louis, T Lupton, RH Marsden, D Martocci, K Mauskopf, P Menanteau, F Moodley, K Moseley, H Netterfield, CB Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Quintana, H Reid, B Sehgal, N Sherwin, BD Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Tucker, C Warne, R Wilson, G Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Duenner, Rolando Hasselfield, Matthew Marriage, Tobias A. Sievers, Jon Acquaviva, Viviana Addison, Graeme E. Ade, Peter A. R. Aguirre, Paula Amiri, Mandana Appel, John William Felipe Barrientos, L. Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Brown, Ben Burger, Bryce Calabrese, Erminia Chervenak, Jay Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon R. Doriese, W. Bertrand Dunkley, Joanna Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fisher, Ryan P. Gralla, Megan B. Fowler, Joseph W. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, David H. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent D. Baptiste Juin, Jean Kaul, Madhuri Klein, Jeff Kosowsky, Arthur Lau, Judy M. Limon, Michele Lin, Yen-Ting Louis, Thibaut Lupton, Robert H. Marsden, Danica Martocci, Krista Mauskopf, Phil Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Moseley, Harvey Netterfield, Calvin B. Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Parker, Lucas Partridge, Bruce Quintana, Hernan Reid, Beth Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Tucker, Carole Warne, Ryan Wilson, Grant Wollack, Ed Zhao, Yue TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: DATA CHARACTERIZATION AND MAPMAKING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; instrumentation: miscellaneous ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; 148 GHZ; GALAXY CLUSTERS; MICROWAVE; ANISOTROPY; ACT; PARAMETERS; ARRAY AB We present a description of the data reduction and mapmaking pipeline used for the 2008 observing season of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The data presented here at 148 GHz represent 12% of the 90 TB collected by ACT from 2007 to 2010. In 2008 we observed for 136 days, producing a total of 1423 hr of data (11 TB for the 148 GHz band only), with a daily average of 10.5 hr of observation. From these, 1085 hr were devoted to an 850 deg(2) stripe (11.2 hr by 9 degrees.1) centered on a declination of -52 degrees.7, while 175 hr were devoted to a 280 deg(2) stripe (4.5 hr by 4 degrees.8) centered at the celestial equator. The remaining 163 hr correspond to calibration runs. We discuss sources of statistical and systematic noise, calibration, telescope pointing, and data selection. For the 148 GHz band, out of 1260 survey hours and 1024 detectors in the array, 816 hr and 593 effective detectors remain after data selection, yielding a 38% survey efficiency. The total sensitivity in 2008, determined from the noise level between 5 Hz and 20 Hz in the time-ordered data stream (TOD), is 32 mu K root s in cosmic microwave background units. Atmospheric brightness fluctuations constitute the main contaminant in the data and dominate the detector noise covariance at low frequencies in the TOD. The maps were made by solving the least-squares problem using the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method, incorporating the details of the detector and noise correlations. Simulations, as well as cross-correlations with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe sky maps on large angular scales, reveal that our maps are unbiased at multipoles l > 300. This paper accompanies the public release of the 148 GHz southern stripe maps from 2008. The techniques described here will be applied to future maps and data releases. C1 [Duenner, Rolando; Aguirre, Paula; Felipe Barrientos, L.; Infante, Leopoldo; Baptiste Juin, Jean; Lin, Yen-Ting; Quintana, Hernan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Hasselfield, Matthew; Amiri, Mandana; Battistelli, Elia S.; Burger, Bryce; Halpern, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Acquaviva, Viviana; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Hajian, Amir; Hlozek, Renee; Lin, Yen-Ting; Lupton, Robert H.; Sehgal, Neelima; Spergel, David N.; Trac, Hy] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Gralla, Megan B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sievers, Jon; Appel, John William; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fisher, Ryan P.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Lau, Judy M.; Limon, Michele; Martocci, Krista; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Reid, Beth; Sherwin, Blake D.; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Switzer, Eric R.; Zhao, Yue] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sievers, Jon; Bond, J. Richard; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Acquaviva, Viviana; Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Addison, Graeme E.; Calabrese, Erminia; Dunkley, Joanna; Hlozek, Renee; Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Mauskopf, Phil; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Brown, Ben; Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chervenak, Jay; Moseley, Harvey; Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Reid, Beth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Reid, Beth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Kaul, Madhuri; Klein, Jeff; Limon, Michele; Swetz, Daniel S.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Doriese, W. Bertrand; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hilton, Gene C.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hajian, Amir; Netterfield, Calvin B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan; Warne, Ryan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Limon, Michele] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Martocci, Krista] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, Hy] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, Grant] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Dunner, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; CONICYT scholarship; MECESUP; Fundacion Andes; Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines CATA del Proyecto Financiamiento Basal [PFB06]; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC3-76SF00515]; NSF [1102762]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Rhodes Trust; Christ Church; [FONDECYT-11100147]; [NSF-AST-0807790] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, and PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. We specially thank Astro-Norte, Masao Uehara, Felipe Rojas, Patricio Gallardo, Omelan Strysak, Bill Page, Katerina Visnjic, Ben Schmidt, David Faber, and Benjamin Walter. R.D. received additional support from a CONICYT scholarship, from MECESUP, from Fundacion Andes, from FONDECYT-11100147, from Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines CATA del Proyecto Financiamiento Basal PFB06, and from Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP 15010003. N.S. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC3-76SF00515 and by the NSF under Award No. 1102762. E.R.S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics. A.K. has been supported by NSF-AST-0807790 for work on ACT. R.H. acknowledges funding from the Rhodes Trust and Christ Church. We are grateful for the assistance we received at various times from the ALMA, APEX, ASTE, CBI/QUIET, and NANTEN2 groups. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/10 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900010 ER PT J AU Flagey, N Goldsmith, PF Lis, DC Gerin, M Neufeld, D Sonnentrucker, P De Luca, M Godard, B Goicoechea, JR Monje, R Phillips, TG AF Flagey, N. Goldsmith, P. F. Lis, D. C. Gerin, M. Neufeld, D. Sonnentrucker, P. De Luca, M. Godard, B. Goicoechea, J. R. Monje, R. Phillips, T. G. TI WATER ABSORPTION IN GALACTIC TRANSLUCENT CLOUDS: CONDITIONS AND HISTORY OF THE GAS DERIVED FROM HERSCHEL/HIFI PRISMAS OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM: abundances; ISM: molecules; molecular processes; submillimeter: ISM ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; G10.6-0.4 W31C; PARA RATIO; SUBMILLIMETER; W49N AB We present Herschel/HIFI observations of the three ground state transitions of H2O (556, 1669, and 1113 GHz) and (H2O)-O-18 (547, 1655, and 1101 GHz)-as well as the first few excited transitions of H2O (987, 752, and 1661 GHz)-toward six high-mass star-forming regions, obtained as part of the PRISMAS (PRobing InterStellar Molecules with Absorption line Studies) Guaranteed Time Key Program. Water vapor associated with the translucent clouds in Galactic arms is detected in absorption along every line of sight in all the ground state transitions. The continuum sources all exhibit broad water features in emission in the excited and ground state transitions. Strong absorption features associated with the source are also observed at all frequencies except 752 GHz. We model the background continuum and line emission to infer the optical depth of each translucent cloud along the lines of sight. We derive the column density of H2O or (H2O)-O-18 for the lower energy level of each transition observed. The total column density of water in translucent clouds is usually about a few 10(13) cm(-2). We find that the abundance of water relative to hydrogen nuclei is 1 x 10(-8) in agreement with models for oxygen chemistry in which high cosmic ray ionization rates are assumed. Relative to molecular hydrogen, the abundance of water is remarkably constant through the Galactic plane with X(H2O) = 5 x 10(-8), which makes water a good traced of H-2 in translucent clouds. Observations of the excited transitions of H2O enable us to constrain the abundance of water in excited levels to be at most 15%, implying that the excitation temperature, T-ex, in the ground state transitions is below 10 K. Further analysis of the column densities derived from the two ortho ground state transitions indicates that T-ex similar or equal to 5 K and that the density n(H-2) in the translucent clouds is below 10(4) cm(-3). We derive the water ortho-to-para ratio for each absorption feature along the line of sight and find that most of the clouds show ratios consistent with the value of 3 expected in thermodynamic equilibrium in the high-temperature limit. However, two clouds with large column densities exhibit a ratio that is significantly below 3. This may argue that the history of water molecules includes a cold phase, either when the molecules were formed on cold grains in the well-shielded, low-temperature regions of the clouds, or when they later become at least partially thermalized with the cold gas (similar to 25 K) in those regions; evidently, they have not yet fully thermalized with the warmer (similar to 50 K) translucent portions of the clouds. C1 [Flagey, N.; Goldsmith, P. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lis, D. C.; Monje, R.; Phillips, T. G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gerin, M.; De Luca, M.; Godard, B.] UPMC, Ecole Normale Super, Observ Paris, LERMA,UMR 8112,CNRS, Paris, France. [Gerin, M.; De Luca, M.; Godard, B.] UCP, Paris, France. [Neufeld, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sonnentrucker, P.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Goicoechea, J. R.] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. RP Flagey, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nflagey@jpl.nasa.gov RI Goldsmith, Paul/H-3159-2016 FU NASA; Centre National de Recherche Spatiale (CNRS); ANR through the SCHISM project [ANR- 09-BLAN-231]; Ramon y Cajal research contract; Spanish MICINN [AYA2009-07304, CSD2009-00038] FX This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, supported by NASA.; M.G. and M.D.L. acknowledge the support from the Centre National de Recherche Spatiale (CNRS), and from ANR through the SCHISM project (ANR- 09-BLAN-231).; J.R.G. is supported by a Ramon y Cajal research contract and thanks the Spanish MICINN for funding support through grants AYA2009-07304 and CSD2009-00038. NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/11 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900011 ER PT J AU Grady, CA Muto, T Hashimoto, J Fukagawa, M Currie, T Biller, B Thalmann, C Sitko, ML Russell, R Wisniewski, J Dong, R Kwon, J Sai, S Hornbeck, J Schneider, G Hines, D Martin, AM Feldt, M Henning, T Pott, JU Bonnefoy, M Bouwman, J Lacour, S Mueller, A Juhasz, A Crida, A Chauvin, G Andrews, S Wilner, D Kraus, A Dahm, S Robitaille, T Jang-Condell, H Abe, L Akiyama, E Brandner, W Brandt, T Carson, J Egner, S Follette, KB Goto, M Guyon, O Hayano, Y Hayashi, M Hayashi, S Hodapp, K Ishii, M Iye, M Janson, M Kandori, R Knapp, G Kudo, T Kusakabe, N Kuzuhara, M Mayama, S McElwain, M Matsuo, T Miyama, S Morino, JI Nishimura, T Pyo, TS Serabyn, G Suto, H Suzuki, R Takami, M Takato, N Terada, H Tomono, D Turner, E Watanabe, M Yamada, T Takami, H Usuda, T Tamura, M AF Grady, C. A. Muto, T. Hashimoto, J. Fukagawa, M. Currie, T. Biller, B. Thalmann, C. Sitko, M. L. Russell, R. Wisniewski, J. Dong, R. Kwon, J. Sai, S. Hornbeck, J. Schneider, G. Hines, D. Moro Martin, A. Feldt, M. Henning, Th. Pott, J. -U. Bonnefoy, M. Bouwman, J. Lacour, S. Mueller, A. Juhasz, A. Crida, A. Chauvin, G. Andrews, S. Wilner, D. Kraus, A. Dahm, S. Robitaille, T. Jang-Condell, H. Abe, L. Akiyama, E. Brandner, W. Brandt, T. Carson, J. Egner, S. Follette, K. B. Goto, M. Guyon, O. Hayano, Y. Hayashi, M. Hayashi, S. Hodapp, K. Ishii, M. Iye, M. Janson, M. Kandori, R. Knapp, G. Kudo, T. Kusakabe, N. Kuzuhara, M. Mayama, S. McElwain, M. Matsuo, T. Miyama, S. Morino, J. -I. Nishimura, T. Pyo, T. -S. Serabyn, G. Suto, H. Suzuki, R. Takami, M. Takato, N. Terada, H. Tomono, D. Turner, E. Watanabe, M. Yamada, T. Takami, H. Usuda, T. Tamura, M. TI SPIRAL ARMS IN THE ASYMMETRICALLY ILLUMINATED DISK OF MWC 758 AND CONSTRAINTS ON GIANT PLANETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; instrumentation: high angular resolution; polarization; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (MWC 758); waves ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; TRANSITIONAL DISKS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DUST FILTRATION; INNER DISK; GAP EDGES AB We present the first near-IR scattered light detection of the transitional disk associated with the Herbig Ae star MWC 758 using data obtained as part of the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru, and 1.1 mu m Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS data. While submillimeter studies suggested there is a dust-depleted cavity with r = 0 ''.35, we find scattered light as close as 0 ''.1 (20-28 AU) from the star, with no visible cavity at H, K', or K-s. We find two small-scaled spiral structures that asymmetrically shadow the outer disk. We model one of the spirals using spiral density wave theory, and derive a disk aspect ratio of h similar to 0.18, indicating a dynamically warm disk. If the spiral pattern is excited by a perturber, we estimate its mass to be 5(-4)(+3) -4 M-J, in the range where planet filtration models predict accretion continuing onto the star. Using a combination of non-redundant aperture masking data at L' and angular differential imaging with Locally Optimized Combination of Images at K' and K-s, we exclude stellar or massive brown dwarf companions within 300 mas of the Herbig Ae star, and all but planetary mass companions exterior to 0 ''.5. We reach 5 sigma contrasts limiting companions to planetary masses, 3-4 MJ at 1 ''.0 C1 [Grady, C. A.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. [Grady, C. A.; Currie, T.; McElwain, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ExoPlanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grady, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muto, T.] Kogakuin Univ, Div Liberal Arts, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1638677, Japan. [Hashimoto, J.; Kwon, J.; Akiyama, E.; Hayashi, M.; Iye, M.; Kandori, R.; Kusakabe, N.; Kuzuhara, M.; Matsuo, T.; Morino, J. -I.; Suto, H.; Suzuki, R.; Takami, H.; Tamura, M.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Fukagawa, M.; Sai, S.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Currie, T.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Feldt, M.; Henning, Th.; Pott, J. -U.; Bonnefoy, M.; Bouwman, J.; Mueller, A.; Brandner, W.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Biller, B.; Thalmann, C.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sitko, M. L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Sitko, M. L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Russell, R.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Wisniewski, J.; Turner, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dong, R.; Brandt, T.; Janson, M.; Knapp, G.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kwon, J.; Tamura, M.] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Hornbeck, J.] Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Schneider, G.; Follette, K. B.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hines, D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moro Martin, A.] CSIC, CAB INTA, Dept Astrofis, Inst Nacl Tcn Aeroespacial, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. [Lacour, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Juhasz, A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Crida, A.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange, CNRS,UMR7293, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Chauvin, G.] Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Andrews, S.; Wilner, D.; Robitaille, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kraus, A.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dahm, S.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Jang-Condell, H.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Abe, L.] Univ Le Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cte Azur, Lab Lagrange, CNRS,UMR7293, F-06300 Nice, France. [Carson, J.] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Egner, S.; Hayano, Y.; Hayashi, S.; Ishii, M.; Kudo, T.; Nishimura, T.; Pyo, T. -S.; Terada, H.; Usuda, T.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Goto, M.; Takato, N.; Tomono, D.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Guyon, O.; Hodapp, K.; Turner, E.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2278568, Japan. [Kuzuhara, M.] Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Mayama, S.] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Miyama, S.] Hiroshima Univ, Off President, Higashihiroshima 7398511, Japan. [Serabyn, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Takami, M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Watanabe, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Yamada, T.] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Grady, CA (reprint author), Eureka Sci, 2452 Delmer,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. EM carol.a.grady@nasa.gov RI MIYAMA, Shoken/A-3598-2015; Watanabe, Makoto/E-3667-2016; OI Watanabe, Makoto/0000-0002-3656-4081; Robitaille, Thomas/0000-0002-8642-1329 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNH06CC28C, NNX09AC73G]; KAKENHI [22000005, 23103002, 23103004, 24840037]; WPI Initiative, MEXT, Japan [NSF AST 1008440, 1009203, 1009314] FX This work, in part, is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The NICMOS observations are associated with program HST-GO-10177, while the STIS imagery is from HST-GTO-8474. The authors thank the support staff members of the IRTF telescope for assistance in obtaining the SED data, and the IR&D program at The Aerospace Corporation. This work is partially supported by KAKENHI 22000005 (M.T.), 23103002 (M.H. and M.H.), 23103004 (M.F.), and 24840037 (T. M.), WPI Initiative, MEXT, Japan (E.L.T.), NSF AST 1008440 (C.A.G.) and 1009203 (J.C.), and 1009314 (J.P.W.), and NASA NNH06CC28C (M.L.S.) and NNX09AC73G (C.A.G. and M.L.S.). T.C. was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship for most of this work. We thank the anonymous referee for extremely helpful suggestions which have improved the paper. NR 69 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 48 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/48 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900048 ER PT J AU Hallinan, G Sirothia, SK Antonova, A Ishwara-Chandra, CH Bourke, S Doyle, JG Hartman, J Golden, A AF Hallinan, G. Sirothia, S. K. Antonova, A. Ishwara-Chandra, C. H. Bourke, S. Doyle, J. G. Hartman, J. Golden, A. TI LOOKING FOR A PULSE: A SEARCH FOR ROTATIONALLY MODULATED RADIO EMISSION FROM THE HOT JUPITER, tau BOOTIS b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: aurorae; planets and satellites: detection; planets and satellites: individual (iota Bootis b); planets and satellites: magnetic fields; radio continuum: planetary systems ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; STAR; EXOPLANETS; EVOLUTION; DRIVEN; CYCLES AB Hot Jupiters have been proposed as a likely population of low-frequency radio sources due to electron cyclotron maser emission of similar nature to that detected from the auroral regions of magnetized solar system planets. Such emission will likely be confined to specific ranges of orbital/rotational phase due to a narrowly beamed radiation pattern. We report on GMRT 150 MHz radio observations of the hot Jupiter iota Bootis b, consisting of 40 hr carefully scheduled to maximize coverage of the planet's 79.5 hr orbital/rotational period in an effort to detect such rotationally modulated emission. The resulting image is the deepest yet published at these frequencies and leads to a 3 sigma upper limit on the flux density from the planet of 1.2 mJy, two orders of magnitude lower than predictions derived from scaling laws based on solar system planetary radio emission. This represents the most stringent upper limits for both quiescent and rotationally modulated radio emission from a hot Jupiter yet achieved and suggests that either (1) the magnetic dipole moment of iota Bootis b is insufficient to generate the surface field strengths of >50 G required for detection at 150 MHz or (2) Earth lies outside the beaming pattern of the radio emission from the planet. C1 [Hallinan, G.; Bourke, S.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sirothia, S. K.; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.] TIFR, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Antonova, A.] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Dept Astron, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Doyle, J. G.] Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Hartman, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Golden, A.] Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Golden, A.] Natl Univ Ireland, Ctr Astron, Galway, Ireland. RP Hallinan, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU Bulgarian National Science Fund [DDVU02/40/2010]; Science Foundation Ireland [07/RFP/PHYF553]; N. Ireland Department of Culture, Arts Leisure FX We thank the staff of the GMRT for their assistance with this observing program. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Armagh Observatory is grant aided by the N. Ireland Department of Culture, Arts & Leisure. A.A. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Bulgarian National Science Fund (contract No. DDVU02/40/2010). J.G.D. wishes to thank the Leverhulme Trust for funding. A.G. acknowledges support from Science Foundation Ireland (grant No. 07/RFP/PHYF553). NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 34 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/34 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900034 ER PT J AU Kane, SR Hinkel, NR AF Kane, Stephen R. Hinkel, Natalie R. TI ON THE HABITABLE ZONES OF CIRCUMBINARY PLANETARY SYSTEMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; planetary systems ID HIERARCHICAL TRIPLE-SYSTEMS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ALPHA CENTAURI B; BINARY-SYSTEMS; 3-BODY PROBLEM; ORBITS; STABILITY; EARTH; GREENHOUSE; KEPLER-16 AB The effect of the stellar flux on exoplanetary systems is becoming an increasingly important property as more planets are discovered in the habitable zone (HZ). The Kepler mission has recently uncovered circumbinary planets with relatively complex HZs due to the combined flux from the binary host stars. Here, we derive HZ boundaries for circumbinary systems and show their dependence on the stellar masses, separation, and time while accounting for binary orbital motion and the orbit of the planet. We include stability regimes for planetary orbits in binary systems with respect to the HZ. These methods are applied to several of the known circumbinary planetary systems such as Kepler-16, 34, 35, and 47. We also quantitatively show the circumstances under which single-star approximations break down for HZ calculations. C1 [Kane, Stephen R.; Hinkel, Natalie R.] NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kane, SR (reprint author), NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, CALTECH, MS 100-22,770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM skane@ipac.caltech.edu RI Kane, Stephen/B-4798-2013 FU National Science Foundation [AST-1109662] FX The authors thank the anonymous referee, whose comments greatly improved the quality of the paper. The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation through grant AST-1109662. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 7 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/7 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900007 ER PT J AU Ofman, L Abbo, L Giordano, S AF Ofman, L. Abbo, L. Giordano, S. TI OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS OF SLOW SOLAR WIND WITH Mg9+ IONS IN QUIESCENT STREAMERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; OXYGEN ABUNDANCE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN PLASMAS; MINIMUM; SUN; UVCS/SOHO; PROFILES; HOLES; LINES AB Quiescent streamers are characterized by a peculiar UV signature as pointed out by the results from the observations of the Ultraviolet and Coronograph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board SOHO: the intensity of heavy-ion emission lines (such as O VI) shows dimmer core relative to the edges. Previous models show that the structure of the heavy-ion streamer emission relates to the acceleration regions of the slow solar wind at streamer legs and to gravitational settling processes in the streamer core. Observations of Mg9+ ion EUV emission in coronal streamers at solar minimum were first reported by the UVCS instrument. The Mg x 625 angstrom emission is an order of magnitude smaller than the O VI 1032 angstrom emission, requiring longer exposures to obtain statistically significant results. Here, Mg x coronal observations are analyzed and compared, for the first time, with the solar minimum streamer structure in hydrogen and O VI emissions. We employ the 2.5D three-fluid model, developed previously to study the properties of O5+ ions in streamers, and calculate for the first time the density, temperature, and outflow structure of Mg9+ ions in the solar minimum streamer. The Mg9+ ions are heated by an empirical radial heating function constrained by observations of the kinetic ion temperature obtained from Mg x emission line profiles. The detailed structure of Mg9+ density, temperature, and outflow speed is determined by the Coulomb momentum and energy exchange as well as electromagnetic interactions with electrons and protons in the three-fluid model of the streamer. The results of the model are in good qualitative agreement with observations, and provide insights on the possible link between the magnetic structure of the streamer, slow solar wind sources, and relative abundances of heavy ions. C1 [Ofman, L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ofman, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abbo, L.; Giordano, S.] Astrophys Observ Turin, INAF, Turin, Italy. RP Ofman, L (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. OI Giordano, Silvio/0000-0002-3468-8566 FU NSF [AGS-1059838]; NASA [NNX10AC56G]; National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) [I/023/09/0, I/013/12/0]; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) [I/023/09/0, I/013/12/0] FX L.O. acknowledges support by NSF grant AGS-1059838 and NASA grant NNX10AC56G. UVCS is a joint project of NASA, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), and the Swiss Founding Agencies. L.A. has been funded through contract I/023/09/0 and I/013/12/0 between the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) and the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI). NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 18 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/18 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900018 ER PT J AU Roberts, JE Barnes, JW Rowe, JF Fortney, JJ AF Roberts, Jessica E. Barnes, Jason W. Rowe, Jason F. Fortney, Jonathan J. TI MOST SPACE TELESCOPE PHOTOMETRY OF THE 2010 JANUARY TRANSIT OF EXTRASOLAR PLANET HD80606b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: individual (HD80606b); techniques: photometric ID EXOPLANET HD 80606B; GIANT PLANETS; ORBIT; INGRESS AB We present observations of the full 2010 January transit of HD80606b from the Canadian microsatellite, Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars. By employing a space-based telescope, we monitor the entire transit, thus limiting systematic errors that result from ground observations. We determine measurements for the planetary radius (R-p = 0.987 +/- 0.061 R-Jup) and inclination (i = 89 degrees.283 +/- 0.024) by constraining our fits with the observed parameters of different groups. Our measured mid-transit time of 2455210.6449 +/- 0.0034 HJD is consistent with the 2010 Spitzer results and is 20 minutes earlier than predicted by groups who observed the 2009 June transit. C1 [Roberts, Jessica E.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fortney, Jonathan J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Room 148, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM jessica.roberts@sjsu.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354 FU NASA MOST Guest Observer Program [NNX10AI84G] FX We acknowledge funding from the NASA MOST Guest Observer Program, grant No. NNX10AI84G. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 55 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/55 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900055 ER PT J AU Wardlow, JL Cooray, A De Bernardis, F Amblard, A Arumugam, V Aussel, H Baker, AJ Bethermin, M Blundell, R Bock, J Boselli, A Bridge, C Buat, V Burgarella, D Bussmann, RS Cabrera-Lavers, A Calanog, J Carpenter, JM Casey, CM Castro-Rodriguez, N Cava, A Chanial, P Chapin, E Chapman, SC Clements, DL Conley, A Cox, P Dowell, CD Dye, S Eales, S Farrah, D Ferrero, P Franceschini, A Frayer, DT Frazer, C Fu, H Gavazzi, R Glenn, J Solares, EAG Griffin, M Gurwell, MA Harris, AI Hatziminaoglou, E Hopwood, R Hyde, A Ibar, E Ivison, RJ Kim, S Lagache, G Levenson, L Marchetti, L Marsden, G Martinez-Navajas, P Negrello, M Neri, R Nguyen, HT O'Halloran, B Oliver, SJ Omont, A Page, MJ Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Pearson, CP Perez-Fournon, I Pohlen, M Riechers, D Rigopoulou, D Roseboom, IG Rowan-Robinson, M Schulz, B Scott, D Scoville, N Seymour, N Shupe, DL Smith, AJ Streblyanska, A Strom, A Symeonidis, M Trichas, M Vaccari, M Vieira, JD Viero, M Wang, L Xu, CK Yan, L Zemcov, M AF Wardlow, Julie L. Cooray, Asantha De Bernardis, Francesco Amblard, A. Arumugam, V. Aussel, H. Baker, A. J. Bethermin, M. Blundell, R. Bock, J. Boselli, A. Bridge, C. Buat, V. Burgarella, D. Bussmann, R. S. Cabrera-Lavers, A. Calanog, J. Carpenter, J. M. Casey, C. M. Castro-Rodriguez, N. Cava, A. Chanial, P. Chapin, E. Chapman, S. C. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Cox, P. Dowell, C. D. Dye, S. Eales, S. Farrah, D. Ferrero, P. Franceschini, A. Frayer, D. T. Frazer, C. Fu, Hai Gavazzi, R. Glenn, J. Solares, E. A. Gonzalez Griffin, M. Gurwell, M. A. Harris, A. I. Hatziminaoglou, E. Hopwood, R. Hyde, A. Ibar, E. Ivison, R. J. Kim, S. Lagache, G. Levenson, L. Marchetti, L. Marsden, G. Martinez-Navajas, P. Negrello, M. Neri, R. Nguyen, H. T. O'Halloran, B. Oliver, S. J. Omont, A. Page, M. J. Panuzzo, P. Papageorgiou, A. Pearson, C. P. Perez-Fournon, I. Pohlen, M. Riechers, D. Rigopoulou, D. Roseboom, I. G. Rowan-Robinson, M. Schulz, B. Scott, D. Scoville, N. Seymour, N. Shupe, D. L. Smith, A. J. Streblyanska, A. Strom, A. Symeonidis, M. Trichas, M. Vaccari, M. Vieira, J. D. Viero, M. Wang, L. Xu, C. K. Yan, L. Zemcov, M. TI HerMES: CANDIDATE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED GALAXIES AND LENSING STATISTICS AT SUBMILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing: strong; submillimeter: galaxies ID SPECTROSCOPICALLY SELECTED SAMPLE; HERSCHEL-SPIRE INSTRUMENT; MASS-DENSITY PROFILE; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; NUMBER COUNTS; ACS SURVEY; DARK-MATTER; EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY AB We present a list of 13 candidate gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) from 95 deg(2) of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey, a surface density of 0.14 +/- 0.04 deg(-2). The selected sources have 500 mu m flux densities (S-500) greater than 100 mJy. Gravitational lensing is confirmed by follow-up observations in 9 of the 13 systems (70%), and the lensing status of the four remaining sources is undetermined. We also present a supplementary sample of 29 (0.31 +/- 0.06 deg(-2)) gravitationally lensed SMG candidates with S-500 = 80-100 mJy, which are expected to contain a higher fraction of interlopers than the primary candidates. The number counts of the candidate lensed galaxies are consistent with a simple statistical model of the lensing rate, which uses a foreground matter distribution, the intrinsic SMG number counts, and an assumed SMG redshift distribution. The model predicts that 32%-74% of our S-500 >= 100 mJy candidates are strongly gravitationally lensed (mu >= 2), with the brightest sources being the most robust; this is consistent with the observational data. Our statistical model also predicts that, on average, lensed galaxies with S-500 = 100 mJy are magnified by factors of similar to 9, with apparently brighter galaxies having progressively higher average magnification, due to the shape of the intrinsic number counts. 65% of the sources are expected to have intrinsic 500 mu m flux densities less than 30 mJy. Thus, samples of strongly gravitationally lensed SMGs, such as those presented here, probe below the nominal Herschel detection limit at 500 mu m. They are good targets for the detailed study of the physical conditions in distant dusty, star-forming galaxies, due to the lensing magnification, which can lead to spatial resolutions of similar to 0 ''.01 in the source plane. C1 [Wardlow, Julie L.; Cooray, Asantha; De Bernardis, Francesco; Calanog, J.; Frazer, C.; Fu, Hai; Kim, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Amblard, A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Arumugam, V.; Ivison, R. J.; Roseboom, I. G.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Aussel, H.; Bethermin, M.; Chanial, P.; Panuzzo, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu, CE Saclay,Lab AIM Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baker, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Bethermin, M.; Lagache, G.] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bethermin, M.; Lagache, G.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Blundell, R.; Bussmann, R. S.; Gurwell, M. A.; Trichas, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Nguyen, H. T.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.; Burgarella, D.] Univ Aix Marseille, LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.; Burgarella, D.] CNRS, UMR7326, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.; Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Ferrero, P.; Martinez-Navajas, P.; Perez-Fournon, I.; Streblyanska, A.] IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.; Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Ferrero, P.; Martinez-Navajas, P.; Perez-Fournon, I.; Streblyanska, A.] ULL, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.] GTC Project, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Casey, C. M.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cava, A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac CC Fis, Dept Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Chapin, E.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Chapman, S. C.; Solares, E. A. Gonzalez; Strom, A.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Clements, D. L.; Glenn, J.; Hopwood, R.; Hyde, A.; O'Halloran, B.; Rowan-Robinson, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Conley, A.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron UCB 389, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cox, P.; Neri, R.] Inst RadioAstron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Dye, S.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Eales, S.; Griffin, M.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pohlen, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Farrah, D.; Oliver, S. J.; Roseboom, I. G.; Smith, A. J.; Wang, L.] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Farrah, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Franceschini, A.; Marchetti, L.; Negrello, M.; Vaccari, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Frayer, D. T.] NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Gavazzi, R.; Omont, A.] UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA UCB 389, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harris, A. I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hatziminaoglou, E.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Marsden, G.; Scott, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Page, M. J.; Seymour, N.; Symeonidis, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pearson, C. P.; Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pearson, C. P.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seymour, N.] CSIRO, Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Vaccari, M.] Univ Western Cape, Astrophys Grp, Dept Phys, ZA-7535 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Wardlow, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Wardlow, Julie/C-9903-2015; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; OI amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Dye, Simon/0000-0002-1318-8343; Wardlow, Julie/0000-0003-2376-8971; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536; Casey, Caitlin/0000-0002-0930-6466; Bethermin, Matthieu/0000-0002-3915-2015 FU Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; CARMA; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation; James S. McDonnell Foundation; Associates of the California Institute of Technology; University of Chicago; states of California, Illinois, and Maryland; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); NASA (USA); NSF [AST-0645427]; Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F002858/1, ST/I000976/1]; Italian Space Agency [I/005/07/0]; NASA through a Spitzer Space Telescope grant; NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-12194, GO-12488]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including University of Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, University of Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, University of Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, University of Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA).; J.L.W., A.C., F.d.B., C.F., S.K., H.F., and J.C. acknowledge partial support from NSF CAREER AST-0645427 (to A.C. at UCI). S.J.O., L.W., and A.S. acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant No. ST/F002858/1 and grant No. ST/I000976/1) at U. of Sussex. A. F., G.M., L.M., and M.V. were supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI "Herschel Science" Contract I/005/07/0). D.R. acknowledges support from NASA through a Spitzer Space Telescope grant.; Support for program numbers GO-12194 and GO-12488 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.; The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smith-sonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica.; Support for CARMA construction was derived from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation; the James S. McDonnell Foundation; the Associates of the California Institute of Technology; the University of Chicago; the states of California, Illinois, and Maryland; and the National Science Foundation. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement and by the CARMA partner universities.; This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 155 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 59 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/59 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900059 ER PT J AU Wiedenbeck, ME Mason, GM Cohen, CMS Nitta, NV Gomez-Herrero, R Haggerty, DK AF Wiedenbeck, M. E. Mason, G. M. Cohen, C. M. S. Nitta, N. V. Gomez-Herrero, R. Haggerty, D. K. TI OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES FROM He-3-RICH EVENTS OVER A WIDE RANGE OF HELIOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; INNER HELIOSPHERE; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SPACECRAFT; ELECTRON; WIND; ACCELERATION; TRANSPORT; STEREO AB A prevailing model for the origin of He-3-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events attributes particle acceleration to processes associated with the reconnection between closed magnetic field lines in an active region and neighboring open field lines. The open field from the small reconnection volume then provides a path along which accelerated particles escape into a relatively narrow range of angles in the heliosphere. The narrow width (standard deviation < 20 degrees.) of the distribution of X-ray flare longitudes found to be associated with He-3-rich SEP events detected at a single spacecraft at 1 AU supports this model. We report multispacecraft observations of individual He-3-rich SEP events that occurred during the solar minimum time period from 2007 January through 2011 January using instrumentation carried by the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft and the Advanced Composition Explorer. We find that detections of He-3-rich events at pairs of spacecraft are not uncommon, even when their longitudinal separation is > 60 degrees We present the observations of the He-3-rich event of 2010 February 7, which was detected at all three spacecraft when they spanned 136 degrees in heliographic longitude. Measured fluences of He-3 in this event were found to have a strong dependence on longitude which is well fit by a Gaussian with standard deviation similar to 48 degrees. centered at the longitude that is connected to the source region by a nominal Parker spiral magnetic field. We discuss several mechanisms for distributing flare-accelerated particles over a wide range of heliographic longitudes including interplanetary diffusion perpendicular to the magnetic field, spreading of a compact cluster of open field lines between the active region and the source surface where the field becomes radial and opens out into the heliosphere, and distortion of the interplanetary field by a preceding coronal mass ejection. Statistical studies of additional He-3-rich events detected at multiple spacecraft will be needed to establish the relative importance of the various mechanisms. C1 [Wiedenbeck, M. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mason, G. M.; Haggerty, D. K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Cohen, C. M. S.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nitta, N. V.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Gomez-Herrero, R.] Univ Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Wiedenbeck, ME (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mark.e.wiedenbeck@jpl.nasa.gov RI Gomez-Herrero, Raul/B-7346-2011 OI Gomez-Herrero, Raul/0000-0002-5705-9236 FU NASA at Caltech through UC Berkeley [NNX08AI11G, NNX10AQ68G, NAS5-03131]; JPL, APL [NNX10AT75G]; LMSAL [NNX07AN13G, NNX08AB23G]; STEREO/SEPT work [50 OC 0902]; German Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft through the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) FX We thank Justin Edmondson for his comments on the possible relationship between our results and recent work on the origin of the slow solar wind. Information on CMEs was obtained from the catalog generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. This work was supported by NASA at Caltech (under grants NNX08AI11G, NNX10AQ68G, and NNX10AQ68G, and through UC Berkeley under contract NAS5-03131), JPL, APL (under grant NNX10AT75G), and LMSAL (under grants NNX07AN13G and NNX08AB23G). The STEREO/SEPT work was supported under grant 50 OC 0902 by the German Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft through the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 54 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/54 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900054 ER PT J AU Yusef-Zadeh, F Hewitt, JW Wardle, M Tatischeff, V Roberts, DA Cotton, W Uchiyama, H Nobukawa, M Tsuru, TG Heinke, C Royster, M AF Yusef-Zadeh, F. Hewitt, J. W. Wardle, M. Tatischeff, V. Roberts, D. A. Cotton, W. Uchiyama, H. Nobukawa, M. Tsuru, T. G. Heinke, C. Royster, M. TI INTERACTING COSMIC RAYS WITH MOLECULAR CLOUDS: A BREMSSTRAHLUNG ORIGIN OF DIFFUSE HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION FROM THE INNER 2 degrees x 1 degrees OF THE GALACTIC CENTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; Galaxy: center ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; K-ALPHA EMISSION; CENTER REGION; LARGE-SCALE; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; RADIO STRUCTURES; THERMAL BALANCE; SOURCE CATALOG; LINE EMISSION; GAMMA-RAYS AB The high-energy activity in the inner few degrees of the Galactic center is traced by diffuse radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray emission. The physical relationship between different components of diffuse gas emitting at multiple wavelengths is a focus of this work. We first present radio continuum observations using the Green Bank Telescope and model the nonthermal spectrum in terms of a broken power-law distribution of similar to GeV electrons emitting synchrotron radiation. We show that the emission detected by Fermi is primarily due to nonthermal bremsstrahlung produced by the population of synchrotron emitting electrons in the GeV energy range interacting with neutral gas. The extrapolation of the electron population measured from radio data to low and high energies can also explain the origin of Fe I 6.4 keV line and diffuse TeV emission, as observed with Suzaku, XMM-Newton, Chandra, and the H.E.S.S. observatories. The inferred physical quantities from modeling multiwavelength emission in the context of bremsstrahlung emission from the inner similar to 300 x 120 pc of the Galactic center are constrained to have the cosmic-ray ionization rate similar to 1-10 x 10(-15) s(-1), molecular gas heating rate elevating the gas temperature to 75-200 K, fractional ionization of molecular gas 10(-6)-10(-5), large-scale magnetic field 10-20 mu G, the density of diffuse and dense molecular gas similar to 100 and similar to 10(3) cm(-3) over 300 pc and 50 pc path lengths, and the variability of Fe I K alpha 6.4 keV line emission on yearly timescales. Important implications of our study are that GeV electrons emitting in radio can explain the GeV gamma-rays detected by Fermi and that the cosmic-ray irradiation model, like the model of the X-ray irradiation triggered by past activity of Sgr A*, can also explain the origin of the variable 6.4 keV emission from Galactic center molecular clouds. C1 [Yusef-Zadeh, F.; Roberts, D. A.; Royster, M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wardle, M.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Wardle, M.] Macquarie Univ, Res Ctr Astron Astrophys & Astrophoton, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Tatischeff, V.] CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Massse, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Tatischeff, V.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Cotton, W.] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Uchiyama, H.; Nobukawa, M.; Tsuru, T. G.] Kyoto Univ, Cosm Ray Grp, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Heinke, C.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. RP Yusef-Zadeh, F (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 FU Fermi Guest Investigator Program; National Science Foundation [AST-0807400] FX We thank Mike Muno for his contribution in the early phase of this project. We thank Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Andrew W. Stong, and Luigi Tibaldo for helpful comments that improved the text. This research is supported in part by a grant from the Fermi Guest Investigator Program and the grant AST-0807400 from the National Science Foundation. NR 97 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 33 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/33 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900033 ER PT J AU Weaver, AS Zakrajsek, AD Lewandowski, BE Brooker, JE Myers, JG AF Weaver, Aaron S. Zakrajsek, Anne D. Lewandowski, Beth E. Brooker, John E. Myers, Jerry G., Jr. TI Predicting Head Injury Risk During International Space Station Increments SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE probabilistic risk assessment; Monte Carlo methods; head injury ID NECK MODEL; IMPACT; SIMULATION AB WEAVER AS, ZAKRAJSEK AD, LEWANDOWSKI BE, BROOKER JE, MYERS JG JR. Predicting head injury risk during International Space Sation increments. Aviat Space Environ Med 2013; 84:38-46. Introduction: NASA's Human Research Program is using a probabilistic risk assessment approach to identify acute and chronic medical risks to manned spaceflight. The objective of this project was to estimate the likelihood of a neurological head injury to a crewmember severe enough to require medical assessment, treatment, or evacuation during a typical International Space Station (ISS) increment. Methods: A 2 degree-of-freedom analytical model of the human head was created to allow for analysis of the impact response. The output of the model is acceleration of the head, which was used to determine the probability that the simulated impact resulted in a head injury with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of 3 or greater. These data were then integrated into a probabilistic risk assessment, which outputs a likelihood of injury with a representative measure of the uncertainty. Results:A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to vary input parameters over their defined distributions. The mean probability of a moderate neurological injury (AIS 3 or greater) occurring due to a head impact by a crewmember translating through the ISS is 1.16 x 10(-4) per 6-mo mission increment (2.32 x 10(-4) per year). Discussion: Our head injury prediction model has shown that there is a low, yet not insignificant, probability of neurological head injury of AIS score 3 or greater. The results from this simulation will be input into the parent Integrated Medical Model, which incorporates the risks of over 80 different medical events in order to inform mission planning scenarios. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Weaver, AS (reprint author), 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM aaron.s.weaver@nasa.gov FU Exploration Medical Capabilities Element of NASA's Human Research Program FX The authors would like to thank De Von Griffin, Eric Milo, Michael McRae, and Elise Griffin for their invaluable contribution to this work. The authors would also like to acknowledge support from the Exploration Medical Capabilities Element of NASA's Human Research Program. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3429.2013 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 062LN UT WOS:000312921400008 PM 23304998 ER PT J AU Law, J Mathers, CH Fondy, SRE Vanderploeg, JM Kerstman, EL AF Law, Jennifer Mathers, Charles H. Fondy, Susan R. E. Vanderploeg, James M. Kerstman, Eric L. TI NASA's Human System Risk Management Approach and Its Applicability to Commercial Spaceflight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB LAW J, MATHERS CH, FONDY SRE, VANDERPLOEG JM, KERSTMAN EL. NASA's human system risk management approach and its applicability to commercial spaceflight. Aviat Space Environ Med 2013; 84:68-73. As planning continues for commercial spaceflight, attention is turned to NASA to assess whether its human system risk management approach can be applied to mitigate the risks associated with commercial suborbital and orbital flights. NASA uses a variety of methods to assess the risks to the human system based on their likelihood and consequences. In this article, we review these methods and categorize the risks in the system as "definite," "possible," or "least" concern for commercial spaceflight. As with career astronauts, these risks will be primarily mitigated by screening and environmental control. Despite its focus on long-duration exploration missions, NASA's human system risk management approach can serve as a preliminary knowledge base to help medical planners prepare for commercial spaceflights. C1 [Vanderploeg, James M.; Kerstman, Eric L.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Law, Jennifer] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Mathers, Charles H.] Mayo Clin, Div Prevent Occupat & Aerosp Med, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Fondy, Susan R. E.] USA, Sch Aviat Med, Nas Pensacola, FL USA. RP Law, J (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy,Mail Code SD2, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM jennifer.t.law@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3421.2013 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 062LN UT WOS:000312921400013 PM 23305003 ER PT J AU Jin, D Waliser, DE Jones, C Murtugudde, R AF Jin, Daeho Waliser, Duane E. Jones, Charles Murtugudde, Raghu TI Modulation of tropical ocean surface chlorophyll by the Madden-Julian Oscillation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; INDIAN-OCEAN; KELVIN WAVES; PENETRATIVE RADIATION; PLANETARY-WAVES; SOLAR-RADIATION; WIND-STRESS; TEMPERATURE AB The MJO modulation of sea surface chlorophyll-a (Chl) examined initially by Waliser et al. in Geophys Res Lett, (2005) is revisited with a significantly longer time-series of observations and a more systematic approach to characterizing the possible mechanisms underlying the MJO-Chl relationships. The MJO composite analysis of Chl and lead-lag correlations between Chl and other physical variables reveal regional variability of Chl and corresponding indicative temporal relationships among variables. Along the path of the MJO convection, wind speed-a proxy for oceanic vertical turbulent mixing and corresponding entrainment-is most strongly correlated with Chl when wind leads Chl by a few days. Composite Chl also displays MJO influences away from the path of the MJO convection. The role of wind speed in those regions is generally the same for Chl variability as that along the path of the MJO convection, although Ekman pumping also plays a role in generating Chl variability in limited regions. However, the wind forcing away from the MJO convection path is less coherent, rendering the temporal link relatively weak. Lastly, the potential for bio-physical feedbacks at the MJO time-scale is examined. The correlation analysis provides tantalizing evidence for local bio-feedbacks to the physical MJO system. Plausible hypothesis for Chl to amplify the MJO phase transition is presented though it cannot be affirmed in this study and will be examined and reported in a future modeling study. C1 [Jin, Daeho; Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Jones, Charles] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Jin, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM daehojin@umd.edu RI Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 FU NASA PO grant [NNX09AF43G]; Divecha Center for Climate Change; IITM-Pune; ONR DYNAMO grant FX DJ, RM, and DW acknowledge support from NASA PO grant NNX09AF43G. RM acknowledges the support by the Divecha Center for Climate Change and IITM-Pune for their support and hospitality. DW's contribution to this study was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. RM also acknowledges the ONR DYNAMO grant. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1321-4 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100003 ER PT J AU Goddard, L Kumar, A Solomon, A Smith, D Boer, G Gonzalez, P Kharin, V Merryfield, W Deser, C Mason, SJ Kirtman, BP Msadek, R Sutton, R Hawkins, E Fricker, T Hegerl, G Ferro, CAT Stephenson, DB Meehl, GA Stockdale, T Burgman, R Greene, AM Kushnir, Y Newman, M Carton, J Fukumori, I Delworth, T AF Goddard, L. Kumar, A. Solomon, A. Smith, D. Boer, G. Gonzalez, P. Kharin, V. Merryfield, W. Deser, C. Mason, S. J. Kirtman, B. P. Msadek, R. Sutton, R. Hawkins, E. Fricker, T. Hegerl, G. Ferro, C. A. T. Stephenson, D. B. Meehl, G. A. Stockdale, T. Burgman, R. Greene, A. M. Kushnir, Y. Newman, M. Carton, J. Fukumori, I. Delworth, T. TI A verification framework for interannual-to-decadal predictions experiments SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Decadal; Prediction; Verification; Uncertainty; CMIP5 ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEASONAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE MODEL; TIME SCALES; EL-NINO; PREDICTABILITY; FORECASTS; OCEAN; ENSEMBLE AB Decadal predictions have a high profile in the climate science community and beyond, yet very little is known about their skill. Nor is there any agreed protocol for estimating their skill. This paper proposes a sound and coordinated framework for verification of decadal hindcast experiments. The framework is illustrated for decadal hindcasts tailored to meet the requirements and specifications of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5). The chosen metrics address key questions about the information content in initialized decadal hindcasts. These questions are: (1) Do the initial conditions in the hindcasts lead to more accurate predictions of the climate, compared to un-initialized climate change projections? and (2) Is the prediction model's ensemble spread an appropriate representation of forecast uncertainty on average? The first question is addressed through deterministic metrics that compare the initialized and uninitialized hindcasts. The second question is addressed through a probabilistic metric applied to the initialized hindcasts and comparing different ways to ascribe forecast uncertainty. Verification is advocated at smoothed regional scales that can illuminate broad areas of predictability, as well as at the grid scale, since many users of the decadal prediction experiments who feed the climate data into applications or decision models will use the data at grid scale, or downscale it to even higher resolution. An overall statement on skill of CMIP5 decadal hindcasts is not the aim of this paper. The results presented are only illustrative of the framework, which would enable such studies. However, broad conclusions that are beginning to emerge from the CMIP5 results include (1) Most predictability at the interannual-to-decadal scale, relative to climatological averages, comes from external forcing, particularly for temperature; (2) though moderate, additional skill is added by the initial conditions over what is imparted by external forcing alone; however, the impact of initialization may result in overall worse predictions in some regions than provided by uninitialized climate change projections; (3) limited hindcast records and the dearth of climate-quality observational data impede our ability to quantify expected skill as well as model biases; and (4) as is common to seasonal-to-interannual model predictions, the spread of the ensemble members is not necessarily a good representation of forecast uncertainty. The authors recommend that this framework be adopted to serve as a starting point to compare prediction quality across prediction systems. The framework can provide a baseline against which future improvements can be quantified. The framework also provides guidance on the use of these model predictions, which differ in fundamental ways from the climate change projections that much of the community has become familiar with, including adjustment of mean and conditional biases, and consideration of how to best approach forecast uncertainty. C1 [Goddard, L.; Gonzalez, P.; Mason, S. J.; Greene, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kumar, A.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Solomon, A.; Newman, M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smith, D.] Hadley Ctr, UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Boer, G.; Kharin, V.; Merryfield, W.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Deser, C.; Meehl, G. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kirtman, B. P.] Univ Miami, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Msadek, R.; Delworth, T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sutton, R.; Hawkins, E.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Fricker, T.; Ferro, C. A. T.; Stephenson, D. B.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Hegerl, G.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stockdale, T.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Burgman, R.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Kushnir, Y.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [Carton, J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fukumori, I.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Goddard, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM goddard@iri.columbia.edu RI Kushnir, Yochanan/B-4472-2013; Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Stephenson, David/A-9903-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; carton, james/C-4807-2009; OI Sutton, Rowan/0000-0001-8345-8583; Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Gonzalez, Paula/0000-0003-0154-0087 FU US CLIVAR office; NOAA [NA08OAR4320912, NA0OAR4320912]; NOAA OAR CVP; NSF AGS [1125561]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; EU ENSEMBLES project; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; National Science Foundation; NOAA OAR CVP program; UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science; NERC [NE/H003509/1]; EQUIP [NERC NE/H003533/1]; US CLIVAR FX The authors of this paper are members of the Decadal Predictability Working Group sponsored by US CLIVAR. We thank the two reviewers of this paper, who offered considerable constructive suggestions toward the improvement of this work. The Working Group appreciates the support from the US CLIVAR office. Goddard, Gonzalez and Greene received funding from a NOAA grant (NA08OAR4320912) for work on this project. Amy Solomon received support form NOAA OAR CVP and NSF AGS #1125561. Doug Smith was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and the EU ENSEMBLES project. Deser and Meehl were supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation that sponsors the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Matthew Newman was supported by the NOAA OAR CVP program. Sutton and Hawkins' contributions were covered by support form support from the UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science. Fricker, Ferro, and Stevenson contributions were supported by byNERC Directed Grant NE/H003509/1. Hegerl's contribution was funded by EQUIP, NERC NE/H003533/1. Kushir's contribution to this work was funded by NOAA Grant NA0OAR4320912. NR 59 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 82 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 245 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1481-2 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100015 ER PT J AU Kim, J Waliser, DE Neiman, PJ Guan, B Ryoo, JM Wick, GA AF Kim, Jinwon Waliser, Duane E. Neiman, Paul J. Guan, Bin Ryoo, Ju-Mee Wick, Gary A. TI Effects of atmospheric river landfalls on the cold season precipitation in California SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric river; AR landfall in California coast; Cold season California precipitation; Freezing level altitude ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL MOISTURE; SIMULATION; SATELLITE; MODEL; IMPACTS; WINTER AB Effects of atmospheric river (AR) landfalls in the California coast on the cold-season precipitation in California are examined for the cold seasons of 10 water years (WYs) 2001-2010 using observed data and regional modeling in conjunction with AR-landfall inventory based on visual inspections of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from remote sensing and reanalysis. The PWV in the SSM/I and SSMIS retrievals and the ERA-Interim reanalysis shows 95 AR-landfall days in the California coast that are almost evenly split between the northern and southern coasts across 37.5N. The CPC/NCEP gridded daily precipitation analysis shows that 10-30% of the cold-season precipitation totals in California have occurred during these AR landfalls. The analysis also reveals that the percentage of precipitation and the precipitation intensity during AR landfalls in California are characterized by strong north-to-south gradient. This north-south contrast in the AR precipitation is reversed for the non-AR precipitation in the coastal range. The frequency of AR landfalls and the cold-season precipitation totals in the Sierra Nevada region are only marginally correlated. Instead, AR landfalls are closely related with the occurrence of heavy precipitation events. The freezing-level altitudes are systematically higher for AR wet days than non-AR wet days indicating warmer low-troposphere during AR storms. Cold season simulations for the 10 WYs 2001-2010 show that the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model can reasonably simulate important features in both the seasonal and AR precipitation totals. The daily pattern correlation coefficients between the simulated and ERA-Interim upper-air fields exceed 0.9 for most of the period. This suggests that the simulated temporal variations in the atmospheric circulation agree reasonably with the reanalysis over seasonal time scales, characteristics critical for reliable simulations of regional scale hydrologic cycle. The simulated seasonal and AR precipitation totals also agree reasonably with the CPC/NCEP precipitation analysis. The most notable model errors include the overestimation (underestimation) of the season-total and AR precipitation in the northern (southern) California region. The differences in the freezing-level altitudes during the AR- and non-AR wet days in the simulation agree with those from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The freezing level altitudes are systematically overestimated in the simulations, suggesting warm biases in the low troposphere. Overall, WRF appears to perform reasonably in simulating the key features in the cold season precipitation related with AR landfalls, an important capability for assessing the impact of global climate variations and change on future hydrology in California. C1 [Kim, Jinwon; Waliser, Duane E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Waliser, Duane E.; Guan, Bin; Ryoo, Ju-Mee] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Neiman, Paul J.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jkim@atmos.ucla.edu RI Guan, Bin/F-6735-2010 FU NASA ARRA; NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study; NASA NCA [ID 11-NCA11-0028]; UC Lab 'Enhancing California's water resources management system'; NSF [ID 2011-67004-30224, ID 1125798]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The CPC precipitation data were obtained the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD from its Web site http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. We thank Wei Shi for discussions on the CPC data. The ERA-Interim data were obtained from the ECMWF data distribution portal http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/license/interim/. This study is supported by NASA ARRA, NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study, NASA NCA (ID 11-NCA11-0028), the UC Lab 'Enhancing California's water resources management system', and NSF EaSM (ID 2011-67004-30224) and ExArch (ID 1125798) projects. The contribution from Duane E. Waliser, Bin Guan, and Ju-Mee Ryoo to this study was performed on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1322-3 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100027 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Wang, B Wheeler, MC Fu, XH Waliser, DE Kang, IS AF Lee, June-Yi Wang, Bin Wheeler, Matthew C. Fu, Xiouhua Waliser, Duane E. Kang, In-Sik TI Real-time multivariate indices for the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation over the Asian summer monsoon region SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation; Madden-Julian Oscillation; Real-time multivariate index; Northward propagation; Asian summer monsoon; Monsoon onset ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INDIAN MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICS; PREDICTION; RAINFALL; MODE; PROPAGATION; CIRCULATION AB The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is one of the most prominent sources of short-term climate variability in the global monsoon system. Compared with the related Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) it is more complex in nature, with prominent northward propagation and variability extending much further from the equator. In order to facilitate detection, monitoring and prediction of the BSISO we suggest two real-time indices: BSISO1 and BSISO2, based on multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MV-EOF) analysis of daily anomalies of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and zonal wind at 850 hPa (U850) in the region 10A degrees S-40A degrees N, 40A degrees-160A degrees E, for the extended boreal summer (May-October) season over the 30-year period 1981-2010. BSISO1 is defined by the first two principal components (PCs) of the MV-EOF analysis, which together represent the canonical northward propagating variability that often occurs in conjunction with the eastward MJO with quasi-oscillating periods of 30-60 days. BSISO2 is defined by the third and fourth PCs, which together mainly capture the northward/northwestward propagating variability with periods of 10-30 days during primarily the pre-monsoon and monsoon-onset season. The BSISO1 circulation cells are more Rossby wave like with a northwest to southeast slope, whereas the circulation associated with BSISO2 is more elongated and front-like with a southwest to northeast slope. BSISO2 is shown to modulate the timing of the onset of Indian and South China Sea monsoons. Together, the two BSISO indices are capable of describing a large fraction of the total intraseasonal variability in the ASM region, and better represent the northward and northwestward propagation than the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index of Wheeler and Hendon. C1 [Lee, June-Yi; Wang, Bin; Fu, Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin; Fu, Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wheeler, Matthew C.] Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Waliser, Duane E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kang, In-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, POST Bldg,Room 409A,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM juneyi@hawaii.edu RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015 OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973; FU NOAA/MAPP project [NA10OAR4310247, AMDT1]; Climate Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation [AGS-1005599]; APEC Climate Center and International Pacific Research Center; JAMSTEC; NOAA [NA09OAR4320075]; NASA [NNX07AG53G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean Government (MEST) [NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093042] FX We thank the organization and members of the WWRP/THORPEX/WCRP YOTC MJO Task Force for their insights. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that helped to improve our manuscript. JYL, BW, XF, and DW acknowledge support from the NOAA/MAPP project Award number NA10OAR4310247, AMDT1. BW and XF acknowledge support from Climate Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation under award No AGS-1005599. This study has been also supported by APEC Climate Center and International Pacific Research Center, which is in part supported by JAMSTEC, NOAA (NA09OAR4320075) and NASA (NNX07AG53G). DW's contribution was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ISK were supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grand Funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093042). This is the SEOST publication number 8744 and IPRC publication number 912. NR 62 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1544-4 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100029 ER PT J AU Waliser, D Kim, J Xue, Y Chao, Y Eldering, A Fovell, R Hall, A Li, Q Liou, KN McWilliams, J Kapnick, S Vasic, R De Sales, F Yu, Y AF Waliser, D. Kim, J. Xue, Y. Chao, Y. Eldering, A. Fovell, R. Hall, A. Li, Q. Liou, K. N. McWilliams, J. Kapnick, S. Vasic, R. De Sales, F. Yu, Y. TI Simulating cold season snowpack: Impacts of snow albedo and multi-layer snow physics (vol 109, pg 95, 2011) SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Correction C1 [Kim, J.; Xue, Y.; Fovell, R.; Hall, A.; Li, Q.; Liou, K. N.; McWilliams, J.; Kapnick, S.; Vasic, R.; De Sales, F.; Yu, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Waliser, D.; Chao, Y.; Eldering, A.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vasic, R.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM jkim@atmos.ucla.edu RI Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 116 IS 2 BP 425 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0621-3 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059OS UT WOS:000312715500015 ER PT J AU Tettamanzi, GC Paul, A Lee, S Klimeck, G Rogge, S AF Tettamanzi, G. C. Paul, A. Lee, S. Klimeck, G. Rogge, S. BE Collaert, N TI New Tools for the Direct Characterisation of FinFETS SO CMOS NANOELECTRONICS: INNOVATIVE DEVICES, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GATE MOSFETS; TRANSISTOR; INTERFACE C1 [Tettamanzi, G. C.; Rogge, S.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Tettamanzi, G. C.; Rogge, S.] Univ New S Wales, CQC2T, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Paul, A.; Lee, S.; Klimeck, G.] Purdue Univ, Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Klimeck, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tettamanzi, GC (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. EM g.tettamanzi@unsw.edu.au RI Tettamanzi, Giuseppe Carlo/A-7734-2011; Rogge, Sven/G-3709-2010 OI Tettamanzi, Giuseppe Carlo/0000-0002-3209-0632; NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4364-03-4 PY 2013 BP 361 EP 398 D2 10.4032/9789814364034 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDB52 UT WOS:000312484100011 ER PT J AU Lansbergen, G Rahman, R Tettamanzi, GC Verduijn, J Hollenberg, LCL Klimeck, G Rogge, S AF Lansbergen, G. Rahman, R. Tettamanzi, G. C. Verduijn, J. Hollenberg, L. C. L. Klimeck, G. Rogge, S. BE Collaert, N TI Dopant Metrology in Advanced FinFETs SO CMOS NANOELECTRONICS: INNOVATIVE DEVICES, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTUM DOTS; SINGLE; ATOM C1 [Lansbergen, G.; Tettamanzi, G. C.; Verduijn, J.; Rogge, S.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Rahman, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tettamanzi, G. C.; Verduijn, J.; Rogge, S.] Univ New S Wales, CQC2T, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Hollenberg, L. C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, CQC2T, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Klimeck, G.] Purdue Univ, Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Klimeck, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lansbergen, G (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. EM g.tettamanzi@unsw.edu.au RI Rogge, Sven/G-3709-2010 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4364-03-4 PY 2013 BP 399 EP 412 D2 10.4032/9789814364034 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDB52 UT WOS:000312484100012 ER PT J AU Laniak, GF Olchin, G Goodall, J Voinov, A Hill, M Glynn, P Whelan, G Geller, G Quinn, N Blind, M Peckham, S Reaney, S Gaber, N Kennedy, R Hughes, A AF Laniak, Gerard F. Olchin, Gabriel Goodall, Jonathan Voinov, Alexey Hill, Mary Glynn, Pierre Whelan, Gene Geller, Gary Quinn, Nigel Blind, Michiel Peckham, Scott Reaney, Sim Gaber, Noha Kennedy, Robert Hughes, Andrew TI Integrated environmental modeling: A vision and roadmap for the future SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Integrated environmental modeling; Community of practice; Roadmap; Model integration ID ACTIVE ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; LAND-USE CHANGE; DECISION-SUPPORT; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; INTERFACE OPENMI; MULTIMEDIA MODEL; EARTH SYSTEM; FRAMEWORK; UNCERTAINTY AB Integrated environmental modeling (IEM) is inspired by modern environmental problems, decisions, and policies and enabled by transdisciplinary science and computer capabilities that allow the environment to be considered in a holistic way. The problems are characterized by the extent of the environmental system involved, dynamic and interdependent nature of stressors and their impacts, diversity of stakeholders, and integration of social, economic, and environmental considerations. IEM provides a science-based structure to develop and organize relevant knowledge and information and apply it to explain, explore, and predict the behavior of environmental systems in response to human and natural sources of stress. During the past several years a number of workshops were held that brought IEM practitioners together to share experiences and discuss future needs and directions. In this paper we organize and present the results of these discussions. IEM is presented as a landscape containing four interdependent elements: applications, science, technology, and community. The elements are described from the perspective of their role in the landscape, current practices, and challenges that must be addressed. Workshop participants envision a global scale IEM community that leverages modern technologies to streamline the movement of science-based knowledge from its sources in research, through its organization into databases and models, to its integration and application for problem solving purposes. Achieving this vision will require that the global community of IEM stakeholders transcend social, and organizational boundaries and pursue greater levels of collaboration. Among the highest priorities for community action are the development of standards for publishing IEM data and models in forms suitable for automated discovery, access, and integration: education of the next generation of environmental stakeholders, with a focus on transdisciplinary research, development, and decision making: and providing a web-based platform for community interactions (e.g., continuous virtual workshops). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Goodall, Jonathan] Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Voinov, Alexey] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands. [Geller, Gary] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Quinn, Nigel] Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Peckham, Scott] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reaney, Sim] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3HP, England. [Hughes, Andrew] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. EM laniak.gerry@epa.gov RI Goodall, Jonathan/B-3663-2009; Voinov, Alexey/F-7397-2010; Reaney, Sim/H-2951-2013; Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015; OI Goodall, Jonathan/0000-0002-1112-4522; Voinov, Alexey/0000-0002-2985-4574; Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We wish to acknowledge the contribution to the numerous workshop participants who shared their knowledge and perspective concerning IEM. The research described in this paper was in part carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 164 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 15 U2 192 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 SI SI BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.006 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056UP UT WOS:000312517200002 ER PT J AU Mohr, KI Tao, WK Chern, JD Kumar, SV Peters-Lidard, CD AF Mohr, Karen I. Tao, Wei-Kuo Chern, Jiun-Dar Kumar, Sujay V. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. TI The NASA-Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework-Land Information System: Global land/atmosphere interaction with resolved convection SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Land-atmosphere interaction; Earth system modeling; Global modeling; Atmospheric prediction; Hydrologic prediction ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEVERE-STORM ENVIRONMENT; CLIMATE MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION PROBLEM; CLOUD PARAMETERIZATION; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; SURFACE PROCESSES; WATER BUDGETS; MIXED-LAYER; PNNL-MMF AB The present generation of general circulation models (GCM) use parameterized cumulus schemes and run at hydrostatic grid resolutions. To improve the representation of cloud-scale moist processes and land-atmosphere interactions, a global, Multi-scale Modeling Framework (MMF) coupled to the Land Information System (LIS) has been developed at NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. The MMF-LIS has three components, a finite-volume (fv) GCM (Goddard Earth Observing System Vet. 4, GEOS-4), a 2D cloud-resolving model (Goddard Cumulus Ensemble, GCE), and the LIS, representing the large-scale atmospheric circulation, cloud processes, and land surface processes, respectively. The non-hydrostatic GCE model replaces the single-column cumulus parameterization of fvGCM. The model grid is composed of an array of fvGCM gridcells each with a series of embedded GCE models. A horizontal coupling strategy, GCE <-> fvGCM <-> Coupler <-> LIS, offered significant computational efficiency, with the scalability and I/O capabilities of LIS permitting land-atmosphere interactions at cloud-scale. Global simulations of 2007-2008 and comparisons to observations and reanalysis products were conducted. Using two different versions of the same land surface model but the same initial conditions, divergence in regional, synoptic-scale surface pressure patterns emerged within two weeks. The sensitivity of large-scale circulations to land surface model physics revealed significant functional value to using a scalable, multi-model land surface modeling system in global weather and climate prediction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mohr, Karen I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chern, Jiun-Dar] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Kumar, Sujay V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Mohr, KI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM karen.mohr-1@nasa.gov RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 93 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 SI SI BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.023 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056UP UT WOS:000312517200008 ER PT J AU Nativi, S Mazzetti, P Geller, GN AF Nativi, Stefano Mazzetti, Paolo Geller, Gary N. TI Environmental model access and interoperability: The GEO Model Web initiative SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Model Web; Composition as a Service (CaaS); Model as a Service (MaaS); GEOSS; Environmental Modelling; Interoperability ID PROCESS PILOT PROJECT; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEM AB The Group on Earth Observation (GEO) Model Web initiative utilizes a Model as a Service approach to increase model access and sharing. It relies on gradual, organic growth leading towards dynamic webs of interacting models, analogous to the World Wide Web. The long term vision is for a consultative infrastructure that can help address "what if" and other questions that decision makers and other users have. Four basic principles underlie the Model Web: open access, minimal barriers to entry, service-driven, and scalability; any implementation approach meeting these principles will be a step towards the long term vision. Implementing a Model Web encounters a number of technical challenges, including information modelling, minimizing interoperability agreements, performance, and long term access, each of which has its own implications. For example, a clear information model is essential for accommodating the different resources published in the Model Web (model engines, model services, etc.), and a flexible architecture, capable of integrating different existing distributed computing infrastructures, is required to address the performance requirements. Architectural solutions, in keeping with the Model Web principles, exist for each of these technical challenges. There are also a variety of other key challenges, including difficulties in making models interoperable; calibration and validation; and social, cultural, and institutional constraints. Although the long term vision of a consultative infrastructure is clearly an ambitious goal, even small steps towards that vision provide immediate benefits. A variety of activities are now in progress that are beginning to take those steps. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nativi, Stefano; Mazzetti, Paolo] Univ Florence, Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Atmospher Pollut Res, CNR IIA, I-59100 Prato, Italy. [Geller, Gary N.] CALTECH, NASA Ecol Forecasting Program, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nativi, S (reprint author), Univ Florence, Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Atmospher Pollut Res, CNR IIA, Piazza Ciardi 25, I-59100 Prato, Italy. EM stefano.nativi@cnr.it; paolo.mazzetti@cnr.it; Gary.N.Geller@jpl.nasa.gov RI Mazzetti, Paolo/B-6098-2015; Nativi, Stefano/E-7180-2016; OI Mazzetti, Paolo/0000-0002-8291-1128; Nativi, Stefano/0000-0003-3185-8539; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The research described in this paper was in part carried Out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2011. All rights reserved. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 88 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 SI SI BP 214 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.03.007 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056UP UT WOS:000312517200016 ER PT J AU Chudnovsky, AA Kostinski, A Lyapustin, A Koutrakis, P AF Chudnovsky, Alexandra A. Kostinski, Alex Lyapustin, Alexei Koutrakis, Petros TI Spatial scales of pollution from variable resolution satellite imaging SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aerosol optical depth; High resolution aerosol retrieval; Particulate matter; Scales of pollution; Intra-urban pollution; Variability AOD-PM2.5 correlation; Fine particulate matter; MODIS; MAIAC ID RETRIEVAL; IMAGES AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides daily global coverage, but the 10 km resolution of its aerosol optical depth (AOD) product is not adequate for studying spatial variability of aerosols in urban areas. Recently, a new Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm was developed for MODIS which provides AOD at 1 km resolution. Using MAIAC data, the relationship between MAIAC AOD and PM2.5 as measured by the EPA ground monitoring stations was investigated at varying spatial scales. Our analysis suggested that the correlation between PM2.5 and AOD decreased significantly as AOD resolution was degraded. This is so despite the intrinsic mismatch between PM2.5 ground level measurements and AOD vertically integrated measurements. Furthermore, the fine resolution results indicated spatial variability in particle concentration at a sub-10 km scale. Finally, this spatial variability of AOD within the urban domain was shown to depend on PM2.5 levels and wind speed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chudnovsky, Alexandra A.; Koutrakis, Petros] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kostinski, Alex] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lyapustin, Alexei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chudnovsky, AA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 401 Pk Dr,Landmark Ctr Room 420, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM achudnov@hsph.harvard.edu RI Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; FU Environment Health Fund (EHF), Jerusalem, Israel; USEPA [RD 83479801]; NSF [AGS-1119164] FX This research was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Environment Health Fund (EHF), Jerusalem, Israel. This work was also made possible by USEPA grant RD 83479801. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USEPA. Further, USEPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. This work was also supported in part by the NSF Grant AGS-1119164. Authors greatly appreciate important comments of Dr. Mike Wolfson and Dr. Joy E. Lawrence. We also thank Dr. Yujie Wang for the MODIS data processing. Authors are also grateful to Prof. Pandey, A. Lappi and K. Wollan of Michigan Technological University. The authors also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 172 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060HE UT WOS:000312766300016 PM 23026774 ER PT J AU Ihlefeld, CM Burns, BM Youngquist, RC AF Ihlefeld, Curtis M. Burns, Bradley M. Youngquist, Robert C. TI A Portable High-Resolution Surface Measurement Device SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Workshop on Measurements and Networking (MandN) CY OCT 10-11, 2011 CL Capri Island, ITALY DE Aerospace engineering; ergonomics; optical sensors; sensor systems ID CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY AB A high-resolution portable surface measurement device has been demonstrated to provide micrometer-resolution topographical plots. This device was specifically developed to allow in situ measurements of defects on the Space Shuttle orbiter windows but is versatile enough to be used on a wide variety of surfaces. This paper discusses the choice of an optical sensor and then the decisions required to convert a laboratory bench optical measurement device into an ergonomic portable system. The necessary tradeoffs between performance and portability are presented along with a description of the device developed to measure orbiter window defects. C1 [Ihlefeld, Curtis M.; Youngquist, Robert C.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Merritt Isl, FL 32899 USA. [Ihlefeld, Curtis M.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Burns, Bradley M.] QinetiQ N Amer, Kennedy Space Ctr, Merritt Isl, FL 32899 USA. RP Ihlefeld, CM (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Merritt Isl, FL 32899 USA. EM Ihlefeld.M.Curtis@nasa.gov; Bradley.M.Burns@nasa.gov; Robert.C.Youngquist@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Dr. Zheng Liu. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 62 IS 1 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1109/TIM.2012.2212511 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 055XO UT WOS:000312451500021 ER PT J AU Ludovisi, D Cha, SS Ramachandran, R Worek, WM AF Ludovisi, Daniele Cha, Soyoung S. Ramachandran, Raranaynan Worek, William M. TI Systematic non-dimensional parametric investigation for the thermo-fluid dynamics of two-layered fluid systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Marangoni; Thermocapillary; Convection; Two-layered; Non-dimensional ID IMMISCIBLE LIQUID LAYERS; HORIZONTAL TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; THERMOCAPILLARY CONVECTION; FREE-SURFACE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MARANGONI CONVECTION; CAVITY; BUOYANCY; FLOWS; INSTABILITIES AB Fluid dynamics and heat transfer of immiscible two-layered fluid systems have been of great importance in a variety of industrial as well as extraterrestrial exploration applications. Control and optimization of such a liquid-liquid arrangement need complete understanding of complex synergistic phenomena, especially those induced by surface tension at the fluid interface. Previously-reported investigations for the natural and Marangoni convection of two-layered immiscible systems have been incoherent, having no systematic presentation based on the key dimensionless parameters that govern the flow. The paper here presents a rigorous scheme and the results of a non-dimensional analysis, which allows a systematic and coherent interpretation of the system flow. The approach leads to ten non-dimensional parameters to completely characterize the thermo-fluid dynamics under the hypothesis of flat non-deformable interface. The system for a set of dimensionless parameters can have five degrees of freedom in physical variables, with fifteen dimensional physical variables appearing in the governing equations. The effect and importance of each non-dimensional parameter have also been numerically analyzed in search of a further reduction of the parameters describing the phenomena. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Worek, William M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Ludovisi, Daniele; Cha, Soyoung S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Ramachandran, Raranaynan] NASA, Jacobs ESTS Grp, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Worek, WM (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM wworek@mtu.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 787 EP 801 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.08.039 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 058HR UT WOS:000312625200073 ER PT J AU Ho, JC Yu, WB Hodges, DH AF Ho, Jimmy C. Yu, Wenbin Hodges, Dewey H. TI Proper Inclusion of Interiorly Applied Loads With Beam Theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SECTIONAL ANALYSIS AB An error is introduced by the conventional approach of applying beam theory in the presence of interiorly applied loads. This error arises from neglecting the influence of the precise distribution of surface tractions and body forces on the warping displacements. This paper intends to show that beam theory is capable of accounting for this influence on warping and accomplishes this by the variational asymptotic method. Correlations between elasticity solutions and beam solutions provide not only validations of beam solutions, but also illustrate the resulting errors from the conventional approach. Correlations are provided here for an isotropic parallelepiped undergoing pure extensional deformations and for an isotropic elliptic cylinder undergoing pure torsional deformations. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006940] C1 [Ho, Jimmy C.] Sci & Technol Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 95054 USA. [Yu, Wenbin] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hodges, Dewey H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Guggenheim Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA. RP Ho, JC (reprint author), Sci & Technol Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 95054 USA. EM jimmy.c.ho@us.army.mil; wenbin@engineering.usu.edu; dhodges@gatech.edu RI Yu, Wenbin/B-1916-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2013 VL 80 IS 1 AR 011007 DI 10.1115/1.4006940 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 063VF UT WOS:000313029400007 ER PT J AU Amani, M Tougas, IM Gregory, OJ Fralick, GC AF Amani, Matin Tougas, Ian M. Gregory, Otto J. Fralick, Gustave C. TI High-Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Compounds in the System ZnxInyOx+1.5y SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE In2O3; ZnO; (In2O3)(ZnO)(k); thermoelectrics; oxides ID HOMOLOGOUS COMPOUNDS; INDIUM OXIDE; DOPED ZNO; CERAMICS AB Based on results obtained utilizing combinatorial chemistry techniques to screen the thermoelectric power factor of materials in the system Zn (x) In (y) O (x+1.5y) , several multiphase candidates were down-selected and investigated in terms of their thermoelectric response from room temperature to 1050A degrees C. While the screening experiments suggested that peaks in the power factor occur at relatively high indium oxide content, only the thermoelectric properties of zinc-oxide-rich homologous layered phases in the system (In2O3)(ZnO) (k) have been well documented, since the phases where k < 3 cannot be easily formed. In the present study, indium-oxide-rich materials in the system In2O3-(In2O3)(ZnO)(3) were fabricated and their figures of merit were determined. The results suggest that the indium-oxide-rich phases have improved figures of merit, especially at elevated temperatures, relative to the best performing k phases by combining the high power factor of In2O3 and the low thermal conductivity of (In2O3)(ZnO) (k) . C1 [Amani, Matin; Tougas, Ian M.; Gregory, Otto J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Fralick, Gustave C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Amani, M (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM gregory@egr.uri.edu FU NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH [NNX07AB83A] FX The authors wish to thank the NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH for support of this work under NASA Grant NNX07AB83A (Aircraft Ageing and Durability Project). We would also like to thank Fred Dynys of NASA Glenn Research Center for providing thermal conductivity measurements. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s11664-012-2300-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 058UN UT WOS:000312660100016 ER PT J AU Roberts, WB Thorp, SA Prahst, PS Strazisar, AJ AF Roberts, William B. Thorp, Scott A. Prahst, Patricia S. Strazisar, Anthony J. TI The Effect of Ultrapolish on a Transonic Axial Rotor SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Back-to-back testing was done using NASA fan rotor 67 in the Glenn Research Center W8 Axial Compressor Test Facility. The rotor was baseline tested with a normal industrial root-mean-square (RMS) surface finish of 0.5 mu m to 0.6 mu m (20 microinches to 24 microinches) at 60, 80, and 100% of design speed. At design speed the tip relative Mach number was 1.38. The blades were then removed from the facility and ultrapolished to a surface finish of 0.125 mu m (5 microinch) or less and retested. At 100% speed near the design point, the ultrapolished blades showed approximately 0.3% to 0.5% increase in adiabatic efficiency. The difference was greater near maximum flow. Due to increased relative measurement error at 60 and 80% speed, the performance difference between the normal and ultrapolished blades was indeterminate at these speeds. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006496] C1 [Roberts, William B.] Airfoil Technol Int, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. [Roberts, William B.] Flow Applicat Res, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. [Thorp, Scott A.; Strazisar, Anthony J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Prahst, Patricia S.] AP Solut, Solon, OH 44135 USA. RP Roberts, WB (reprint author), Airfoil Technol Int, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. EM bbclipper@hotmail.com; Scott.A.Thorp@nasa.gov; Patricia.S.Prahst@nasa.gov; Anthony.J.Strazisar@nasa.gov FU Airfoil Technologies International; NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Program FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Rick Brokopp, Mr. Helmi Abulaban, and Mr. John Jones for supporting the installation and testing of rotor 67 in the NASA Glenn Axial Compressor Test Facility and Dr. Randy Chriss for performing the measurement error analysis. The first author would like to thank Airfoil Technologies International for its financial support. The financial support of the NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Program for this research is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2013 VL 135 IS 1 AR 011001 DI 10.1115/1.4006496 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 063IN UT WOS:000312989900001 ER PT J AU Eisner, L Hillgruber, N Martinson, E Maselko, J AF Eisner, Lisa Hillgruber, Nicola Martinson, Ellen Maselko, Jacek TI Pelagic fish and zooplankton species assemblages in relation to water mass characteristics in the northern Bering and southeast Chukchi seas SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Community composition; Water mass characteristics; Zooplankton distribution; Polar cod; Pelagic fish ID COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; STAFF BEAM TRAWL; ARCTIC COD; BEAUFORT SEA; ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; COASTAL WATERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FOOD WEBS; DEMERSAL; SUMMER AB This research explores the distributions and community composition of pelagic species in the sub-Arctic and Arctic waters of the northern Bering and central and southern Chukchi seas during September 2007 by linking pelagic zooplankton and fish assemblages to water masses. Juvenile saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), polar cod (Boreogadus saida), and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were most abundant in warm, low salinity Alaska Coastal Water (ACW) of the central Chukchi Sea, characterized by low chlorophyll, low nutrients, and small zooplankton taxa. Adult Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) were more abundant in the less stratified Bering Strait waters and in the colder, saltier Bering Shelf Water of the northern Bering and southern Chukchi seas, characterized by high chlorophyll, high nutrients, and larger zooplankton taxa. Juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon were most abundant in the less stratified ACW in the central Chukchi Sea and Bering Strait. Abundances of large zooplankton were dominated by copepods (Eucalanus bungii, Calanus glacialis/marshallae, Metridia pacifica) followed by euphausiids (juvenile Thysanoessa raschii and unidentified taxa), whereas small zooplankton were dominated by bivalve larvae and copepods (Centropages abdominalis, Oithona similis, Pseudocalanus sp.). Pelagic community composition was related to environmental factors, with highest correlations between bottom salinity and large zooplankton taxa, and latitude and fish species. These data were collected in a year with strong northward retreat of summer sea ice and therefore provide a baseline for assessing the effects of future climate warming on pelagic ecosystems in sub-Arctic and Arctic regions. C1 [Eisner, Lisa; Martinson, Ellen; Maselko, Jacek] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Thunen Inst, Inst Fisheries Ecol, D-22926 Ahrensburg, Germany. RP Eisner, L (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM lisa.eisner@noaa.gov FU Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment program scientists Alex Andrews, Kristin Cieciel, Ed Farley, Jeanette Gann, Jennifer Lanksbury, Jim Murphy, and Bruce Wing, Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations program scientist Morgan Busby, TINRO Center Vladivostok scientist Anatoly Volkov, and student volunteers Lauren Kuehne and Jenefer Bell for collecting and processing BASIS fisheries and oceanography data. We are grateful to the captain and crew of the NOAA ship R/V Oscar Dyson for their assistance during our field sampling. Funding was provided by the Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative, and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. We also thank Mike Sigler and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions for the improvements of this manuscript. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not reflect endorsement by the US government. NR 63 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 87 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 87 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1241-0 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059TZ UT WOS:000312729700008 ER PT J AU Wohl, CJ Smith, JG Penner, RK Lorenzi, TM Lovell, CS Siochi, EJ AF Wohl, Christopher J. Smith, Joseph G., Jr. Penner, Ronald K. Lorenzi, Tyler M. Lovell, Conrad S. Siochi, Emilie J. TI Evaluation of commercially available materials to mitigate insect residue adhesion on wing leading edge surfaces SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE Insect mitigation; Adhesion mitigation; Coatings; Surface energy; Wetting envelope; Hemolymph ID LAMINAR-FLOW CONTROL; DROP IMPACT; AIRCRAFT; ENERGY; SOLIDS; ISSUES; FILMS AB Surface contamination from insect strikes on aircraft wing leading edges can induce localized boundary layer transition from laminar to turbulent flow, resulting in increased aerodynamic drag and reduced fuel efficiency. As aviation fuel costs continue to climb, strategies to reduce fuel burn using laminar flow have led to renewed interest in surface modifications to minimize the effects of insect residue adhesion on aircraft wings. Under NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation Program, insect residue adhesion-resistant coatings are being studied as an approach for drag reduction. A series of aluminum alloy test surfaces were coated with commercially available materials and characterized using contact angle goniometry. The surfaces were subsequently subjected to controlled impact of crickets using a custom-built pneumatic insect delivery device. Impact events were recorded and analyzed using high-speed digital photography and characterized using optical surface profilometry. Residue adhesion was observed on all of the coatings investigated. The cricket impact event was related to liquid droplets impacting surfaces at high velocities and was analyzed as such. Coating surface energy was determined to influence residue adhesion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wohl, Christopher J.; Smith, Joseph G., Jr.; Siochi, Emilie J.] NASA, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Penner, Ronald K.] ATK Space Syst Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lorenzi, Tyler M.; Lovell, Conrad S.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Siochi, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM christopher.j.wohl@nasa.gov; emilie.j.siochi@nasa.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 76 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2012.08.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 056SE UT WOS:000312510900005 ER PT J AU Raleigh, MS Rittger, K Moore, CE Henn, B Lutz, JA Lundquist, JD AF Raleigh, Mark S. Rittger, Karl Moore, Courtney E. Henn, Brian Lutz, James A. Lundquist, Jessica D. TI Ground-based testing of MODIS fractional snow cover in subalpine meadows and forests of the Sierra Nevada SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Snow cover; MODIS; Ground-based observations; Forests; Canopy adjustment ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; SEASONAL SNOW; GAP FRACTIONS; CANOPY; MODEL; MAPS; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is used widely for mapping snow cover in climate and hydrologic systems, but its accuracy is reduced in forests due to canopy obstruction. Prior validation datasets cannot quantify MODIS errors in forests, because finer-resolution passive sensors (e.g., Landsat) encounter the same canopy errors, and operational ground-based networks sample snow in clearings where snow dynamics differ from those in the forest. To assess MODIS accuracy relative to forest cover, we applied a common canopy adjustment to daily 500 m fractional snow-covered area (f(SCA)) from the physically-based MODIS Snow-Covered Area and Grain size (MODSCAG) algorithm, and tested it at subalpine meadow and forest sites (025 km(2)-1 km(2)) in the Sierra Nevada, California during two snow seasons. 37 to 89 sensors monitored hourly ground temperature at these sites. Damped diurnal variations provided a signal for snow presence due to the insulating properties of snow, yielding daily ground-based f(SCA) at each site. Ground-based f(SCA) values were validated in a canopy-free area of a meadow site using time-lapse imagery and 15 m snow maps from the Advanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Ground-based f(SCA) had high correlation (R-2 = 0.98) with time-lapse data and was within 0.05 of ASTER f(SCA). Comparisons between MODSCAG and ground-based f(SCA) revealed that an underestimation bias remained in the canopy-adjusted MODSCAG f(SCA), ranging from -0.09 to -022 at the meadow sites and from 0.09 to 037 at the forest sites. Improved canopy adjustment methods are needed for MODIS f(SCA). (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lutz, James A.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rittger, Karl] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moore, Courtney E.] US Dept Fish & Wildlife, Leavenworth, WA 98826 USA. RP Raleigh, MS (reprint author), Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mraleig1@uw.edu; krittger@eri.ucsb.edu; courtney_moore@fws.gov; bhenn@uw.edu; jlutz@uw.edu; jdlund@uw.edu RI Raleigh, Mark/M-7687-2015; Lutz, James/B-3785-2012 OI Raleigh, Mark/0000-0002-1303-3472; FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX09AO22H, NNX09AN75H]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; NSF [CBET-0931780]; NOAA Hydrometeorological Testbed Project FX The authors thank Laura Hinkelman, Tom Ackerman, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Jeff Deems, Van Kane, and the Lundquist Mountain Hydrology group for the review and discussions that improved this paper. Thanks also to Dr. Marvin Bauer and three anonymous reviewers for the critical review. We would like to recognize Nic Wayand for field assistance, and Randall Osterhuber and Peggy Moore for arranging accommodations for field work at Onion Creek and Yosemite, respectively. M. Raleigh was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program - Grant NNX09AO22H. K. Rittger was also supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program - Grant NNX09AN75H. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 7436, in association with the NOAA Hydrometeorological Testbed Project. Partial funding for J.A. Lutz and J.D. Lundquist was provided by NSF under grant number CBET-0931780. NR 72 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 128 BP 44 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.09.016 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 060DV UT WOS:000312757600005 ER PT J AU Barnell, T Karst, G Rauscher, M Sutter, J AF Barnell, T. Karst, G. Rauscher, M. Sutter, J. TI No-oven, No-autoclave Composite Tooling SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB High-performance composite manufacturing is hindered by the capabilities, dimensions, and cost of current capital equipment and tooling options. Cornerstone Research Group's (CRG) no-oven, no-autoclave (NONA) composite processing enables the fabrication of large, single-piece composite parts without the limitations imposed by autoclaves, ovens, and other conventional manufacturing processes. The most immediate market for NONA technology is composite tooling for high-performance composite structures, where NONA tooling offers the same benefits of current carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tools but significantly decreases the cost and lead time of tool fabrication. This paper provides an introduction of NONA composite processing as a feasible option for the manufacture of CFRP tooling. C1 [Barnell, T.; Karst, G.; Rauscher, M.] Cornerstone Res Grp Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Sutter, J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Barnell, T (reprint author), Cornerstone Res Grp Inc, Dayton, OH USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 063SQ UT WOS:000313021400008 ER PT J AU Toplis, MJ Bell, JF Chassefiere, E Sotin, C Spohn, T Blanc, M AF Toplis, Michael J. Bell, James F. Chassefiere, Eric Sotin, Christophe Spohn, Tilman Blanc, Michel TI Quantifying the Martian Geochemical Reservoirs: An Interdisciplinary Perspective SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review C1 [Toplis, Michael J.; Blanc, Michel] IRAP OMP, Toulouse, France. [Bell, James F.] ASU, Tempe, AZ USA. [Chassefiere, Eric] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. [Sotin, Christophe] JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. [Spohn, Tilman] DLR, Berlin, Germany. RP Toplis, MJ (reprint author), IRAP OMP, Toulouse, France. EM michael.toplis@irap.omp.eu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9951-8 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060PN UT WOS:000312790400002 ER PT J AU Lammer, H Chassefiere, E Karatekin, O Morschhauser, A Niles, PB Mousis, O Odert, P Mostl, UV Breuer, D Dehant, V Grott, M Groller, H Hauber, E Le, BSP AF Lammer, Helmut Chassefiere, Eric Karatekin, Ozgur Morschhauser, Achim Niles, Paul B. Mousis, Olivier Odert, Petra Moestl, Ute V. Breuer, Doris Dehant, Veronique Grott, Matthias Groeller, Hannes Hauber, Ernst Le Binh San Pham TI Outgassing History and Escape of the Martian Atmosphere and Water Inventory SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Early Mars; Young Sun; Magma ocean; Volcanic outgassing; Impacts; Thermal escape; Nonthermal escape; Atmospheric evolution ID HEAVY NOBLE-GASES; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; HOT OXYGEN CORONA; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; EARLY MARS; SNC METEORITES; SOLAR-WIND; HYDRODYNAMIC ESCAPE; IMPACT EROSION; EARLY EARTH AB The evolution and escape of the martian atmosphere and the planet's water inventory can be separated into an early and late evolutionary epoch. The first epoch started from the planet's origin and lasted similar to 500 Myr. Because of the high EUV flux of the young Sun and Mars' low gravity it was accompanied by hydrodynamic blow-off of hydrogen and strong thermal escape rates of dragged heavier species such as O and C atoms. After the main part of the protoatmosphere was lost, impact-related volatiles and mantle outgassing may have resulted in accumulation of a secondary CO2 atmosphere of a few tens to a few hundred mbar around similar to 4-4.3 Gyr ago. The evolution of the atmospheric surface pressure and water inventory of such a secondary atmosphere during the second epoch which lasted from the end of the Noachian until today was most likely determined by a complex interplay of various nonthermal atmospheric escape processes, impacts, carbonate precipitation, and serpentinization during the Hesperian and Amazonian epochs which led to the present day surface pressure. C1 [Lammer, Helmut; Odert, Petra; Groeller, Hannes] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Chassefiere, Eric] Univ Paris 11, Lab IDES, CNRS, UMR8148, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Karatekin, Ozgur; Dehant, Veronique; Le Binh San Pham] Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. [Morschhauser, Achim; Breuer, Doris; Grott, Matthias; Hauber, Ernst] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Niles, Paul B.] NASA, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Mousis, Olivier] Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. [Mousis, Olivier] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, CNRS INSU, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Odert, Petra; Moestl, Ute V.] Univ, Inst Phys IGAM, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Lammer, H (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria. EM helmut.lammer@oeaw.ac.at RI M., Achim/J-4946-2015 OI M., Achim/0000-0001-7955-4441 FU Helmholtz Alliance; CNRS EPOV interdisciplinary program; FWF NFN project [S116]; FWF NFN subproject [S116607-N16]; Austrian FWF [P24247-N16]; RFBR [09-02-91002-215-ANF-a]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I199-N16]; FWF [P19446-N16, P21051-N16]; Belgian PRODEX program; CNES; NASA Johnson Space Center; Mars Fundamental Research Program FX D. Breuer, E. Chassefiere, M. Grott, H. Groller, E. Hauber, H. Lammer, P. Odert and A. Morschhauser acknowledges support from the Helmholtz Alliance project "Planetary Evolution and Life". E. Chassefiere acknowledges support from CNRS EPOV interdisciplinary program. H. Lammer acknowledge the support by the FWF NFN project S116 "Pathways to Habitability: From Disks to Active Stars, Planets and Life", and the related FWF NFN subproject, S116607-N16 "Particle/Radiative Interactions with Upper Atmospheres of Planetary Bodies Under Extreme Stellar Conditions". H. Groller and H. Lammer acknowledges also support from the Austrian FWF project P24247-N16 "Modelling of non-thermal processes in early upper atomospheres exposed to extreme young Sun conditions" and support from the joined Russian-Austrian project under the RFBR grant 09-02-91002-215-ANF-a and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant I199-N16. P. Odert was supported via the FWF project grant P19446-N16 and the research by U. Mostl was funded by the FWF project grant P21051-N16. O. Karatekin thanks A. Morbidelli for the discussions related to impact studies and the LHB; O. Karatekin, V. Dehant and L.B.S. Pham acknowledges the support of Belgian PRODEX program managed by the ESA in collaboration with the BELSPO. O. Mousis acknowledges support from CNES. P. Niles acknowledges support from NASA Johnson Space Center and the Mars Fundamental Research Program. The authors also thank ISSI for hosting the conference and the Europlanet RI-FP7 project and its related Science Networking (Na2) working groups. Finally, the authors thank guest editor M. Toplis and two anonymous referees for their suggestions and recommendations which helped to improve the article. NR 214 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 88 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 113 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9943-8 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060PN UT WOS:000312790400006 ER PT J AU Niles, PB Catling, DC Berger, G Chassefiere, E Ehlmann, BL Michalski, JR Morris, R Ruff, SW Sutter, B AF Niles, Paul B. Catling, David C. Berger, Gilles Chassefiere, Eric Ehlmann, Bethany L. Michalski, Joseph R. Morris, Richard Ruff, Steven W. Sutter, Brad TI Geochemistry of Carbonates on Mars: Implications for Climate History and Nature of Aqueous Environments SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Carbonate; Climate; CO2; Water; Meteorites; Spectroscopy; Acidity; Atmosphere ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; PHOENIX LANDING SITE; ALLAN HILLS 84001; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; LOW-TEMPERATURE; IMPACT EROSION; LIQUID WATER; ORBITAL IDENTIFICATION; PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; TERRESTRIAL ANALOG AB Ongoing research on martian meteorites and a new set of observations of carbonate minerals provided by an unprecedented series of robotic missions to Mars in the past 15 years help define new constraints on the history of martian climate with important crosscutting themes including: the CO2 budget of Mars, the role of Mg-, Fe-rich fluids on Mars, and the interplay between carbonate formation and acidity. Carbonate minerals have now been identified in a wide range of localities on Mars as well as in several martian meteorites. The martian meteorites contain carbonates in low abundances (< 1 vol.%) and with a wide range of chemistries. Carbonates have also been identified by remote sensing instruments on orbiting spacecraft in several surface locations as well as in low concentrations (2-5 wt.%) in the martian dust. The Spirit rover also identified an outcrop with 16 to 34 wt.% carbonate material in the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater that strongly resembled the composition of carbonate found in martian meteorite ALH 84001. Finally, the Phoenix lander identified concentrations of 3-6 wt.% carbonate in the soils of the northern plains. The carbonates discovered to date do not clearly indicate the past presence of a dense Noachian atmosphere, but instead suggest localized hydrothermal aqueous environments with limited water availability that existed primarily in the early to mid-Noachian followed by low levels of carbonate formation from thin films of transient water from the late Noachian to the present. The prevalence of carbonate along with evidence for active carbonate precipitation suggests that a global acidic chemistry is unlikely and a more complex relationship between acidity and carbonate formation is present. C1 [Niles, Paul B.; Morris, Richard] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Catling, David C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Berger, Gilles] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Chassefiere, Eric] Univ Paris 11, Lab IDES, UMR 8148, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Michalski, Joseph R.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Michalski, Joseph R.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Ruff, Steven W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Sutter, Brad] Jacobs ESCG, Houston, TX 77258 USA. RP Niles, PB (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM Paul.b.niles@nasa.gov RI BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X FU CNRS EPOV interdisciplinary program FX Thoughtful reviews were provided by Ralph Harvey and Jim Bell which greatly improved the manuscript. Thanks to M. Toplis and the ISSI conference organizers for coordinating this review and promoting interesting discussions. E. Chassefiere acknowledges support from CNRS EPOV interdisciplinary program. NR 180 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 118 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 301 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9940-y PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060PN UT WOS:000312790400010 ER PT J AU Ehlmann, BL Berger, G Mangold, N Michalski, JR Catling, DC Ruff, SW Chassefiere, E Niles, PB Chevrier, V Poulet, F AF Ehlmann, Bethany L. Berger, Gilles Mangold, Nicolas Michalski, Joseph R. Catling, David C. Ruff, Steven W. Chassefiere, Eric Niles, Paul B. Chevrier, Vincent Poulet, Francois TI Geochemical Consequences of Widespread Clay Mineral Formation in Mars' Ancient Crust SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Clay minerals; Phyllosilicates; Weathering; Alteration; Geochemistry; Mineralogy; Noachian ID PHOENIX LANDING SITE; MAWRTH VALLIS REGION; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MARTIAN SURFACE; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; ORBITAL IDENTIFICATION; FORMATION MECHANISMS; SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS; SILICATE MINERALS AB Clays form on Earth by near-surface weathering, precipitation in water bodies within basins, hydrothermal alteration (volcanic- or impact-induced), diagenesis, metamorphism, and magmatic precipitation. Diverse clay minerals have been detected from orbital investigation of terrains on Mars and are globally distributed, indicating geographically widespread aqueous alteration. Clay assemblages within deep stratigraphic units in the Martian crust include Fe/Mg smectites, chlorites and higher temperature hydrated silicates. Sedimentary clay mineral assemblages include Fe/Mg smectites, kaolinite, and sulfate, carbonate, and chloride salts. Stratigraphic sequences with multiple clay-bearing units have an upper unit with Al-clays and a lower unit with Fe/Mg-clays. The typical restriction of clay minerals to the oldest, Noachian terrains indicates a distinctive set of processes involving water-rock interaction that was prevalent early in Mars history and may have profoundly influenced the evolution of Martian geochemical systems. Current analyses of orbital data have led to the proposition of multiple clay-formation mechanisms, varying in space and time in their relative importance. These include near-surface weathering, formation in ice-dominated near-surface groundwaters, and formation by subsurface hydrothermal fluids. Near-surface, open system formation of clays would lead to fractionation of Mars' crustal reservoir into an altered crustal reservoir and a sedimentary reservoir, potentially involving changes in the composition of Mars' atmosphere. In contrast, formation of clays in the subsurface by either aqueous alteration or magmatic cooling would result in comparatively little geochemical fractionation or interaction of Mars' atmospheric, crustal, and magmatic reservoirs, with the exception of long-term sequestration of water. Formation of clays within ice would have geochemical consequences intermediate between these endmembers. We outline the future analyses of orbital data, in situ measurements acquired within clay-bearing terrains, and analyses of Mars samples that are needed to more fully elucidate the mechanisms of martian clay formation and to determine the consequences for the geochemical evolution of the planet. C1 [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Berger, Gilles] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Mangold, Nicolas] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France. [Michalski, Joseph R.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Michalski, Joseph R.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Catling, David C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ruff, Steven W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chassefiere, Eric] Univ Paris 11, Lab IDES, UMR 8148, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Niles, Paul B.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Chevrier, Vincent] Univ Arkansas, WM Keck Lab Space & Planetary Simulat, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Poulet, Francois] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ehlmann@caltech.edu RI BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X FU CNRS EPOV interdisciplinary program FX Thanks to J. Bell, J. Bishop, and M. Toplis for thorough reviews that improved this manuscript. Thanks also to M. Toplis and the ISSI conference organizers for promoting fruitful interdisciplinary discussion of clays on Mars. E. Chassefiere acknowledges support from CNRS EPOV interdisciplinary program. NR 211 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 96 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9930-0 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060PN UT WOS:000312790400011 ER PT J AU Pacifici, C Kassin, SA Weiner, B Charlot, S Gardner, JP AF Pacifici, Camilla Kassin, Susan A. Weiner, Benjamin Charlot, Stephane Gardner, Jonathan P. TI THE RISE AND FALL OF THE STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF BLUE GALAXIES AT REDSHIFTS 0.2 < z < 1.4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: star formation; galaxies: stellar content ID STELLAR POPULATION PROPERTIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BROAD-BAND PHOTOMETRY; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; MASSIVE GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2; EVOLUTION; MASSES AB Popular cosmological scenarios predict that galaxies form hierarchically from the merger of many progenitors, each with their own unique star formation history (SFH). We use a sophisticated approach to constrain the SFHs of 4517 blue (presumably star-forming) galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.2 < z < 1.4 from the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey. This consists in the Bayesian analysis of the observed galaxy spectral energy distributions with a comprehensive library of synthetic spectra assembled using realistic, hierarchical star formation, and chemical enrichment histories from cosmological simulations. We constrain the SFH of each galaxy in our sample by comparing the observed fluxes in the B, R, I, and K-s bands and rest-frame optical emission-line luminosities with those of one million model spectral energy distributions. We explore the dependence of the resulting SFHs on galaxy stellar mass and redshift. We find that the average SFHs of high-mass galaxies rise and fall in a roughly symmetric bell-shaped manner, while those of low-mass galaxies rise progressively in time, consistent with the typically stronger activity of star formation in low-mass compared to high-mass galaxies. For galaxies of all masses, the star formation activity rises more rapidly at high than at low redshift. These findings imply that the standard approximation of exponentially declining SFHs widely used to interpret observed galaxy spectral energy distributions may not be appropriate to constrain the physical parameters of star-forming galaxies at intermediate redshifts. C1 [Pacifici, Camilla] Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Univ Observ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Pacifici, Camilla; Charlot, Stephane] UPMC, CNRS, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Pacifici, Camilla] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kassin, Susan A.; Gardner, Jonathan P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Weiner, Benjamin] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pacifici, C (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Univ Observ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. OI Weiner, Benjamin/0000-0001-6065-7483 FU KASI-Yonsei Joint Research Program; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Marie Curie Initial Training Network ELIXIR of the European Commission [PITN-GA-2008-214227]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; NSF [AST 95-29098, 00-71198]; NSF; NASA; STFC FX This work was supported in part by the KASI-Yonsei Joint Research Program (2012) for the Frontiers of Astronomy and Space Science funded by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, and in part by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network ELIXIR of the European Commission under contract PITN-GA-2008-214227. C. P. thanks the JWST Project and the Astrophysics Science Division at Goddard Space Flight Center for hosting her while working on this Letter, and Andrea Maccio and Aaron Dutton for useful discussions. S. A. K. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The authors also acknowledge NSF grants AST 95-29098 and 00-71198 to UC Santa Cruz. This study makes use of data from AEGIS, a survey conducted with the Chandra, GALEX, Hubble, Keck, CFHT, MMT, Subaru, Palomar, Spitzer, VLA, and other telescopes and supported in part by the NSF, NASA, and the STFC. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR L15 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/762/1/L15 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 056KS UT WOS:000312488400015 ER PT J AU Richardson, JD Burlaga, LF Decker, RB Drake, JF Ness, NF Opher, M AF Richardson, J. D. Burlaga, L. F. Decker, R. B. Drake, J. F. Ness, N. F. Opher, M. TI MAGNETIC FLUX CONSERVATION IN THE HELIOSHEATH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; solar wind; Sun: heliosphere ID FIELD; TRANSITION; PLASMA; REGION; FLOW; AU AB Voyager 1(V1) and Voyager 2(V2) have observed heliosheath plasma since 2005 December and 2007 August, respectively. The observed speed profiles are very different at the two spacecrafts. Speeds at V1 decreased to zero in 2010 while the average speed at V2 is a constant 150 km s(-1) with the direction rotating tailward. The magnetic flux is expected to be constant in these heliosheath flows. We show that the flux is constant at V2 but decreases by an order of magnitude at V1, even after accounting for divergence of the flows and changes in the solar field. If reconnection were responsible for this decrease, the magnetic field would lose 70% of its free energy to reconnection and the energy density released would be 0.6 eV cm(-3). C1 [Richardson, J. D.] MIT, Kavli Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burlaga, L. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Decker, R. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Drake, J. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Drake, J. F.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ness, N. F.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Opher, M.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Richardson, JD (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jdr@space.mit.edu; lburlagahsp@verizon.net; robert.decker@jhuapl.edu; drake@umd.edu; nfnudel@yahoo.com; mopher@bu.edu FU ISSI; NASA from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [959203]; NASA [NAG5-8947, NNX08AE49G]; CUA by NASA [NNX12AC63G] FX We thank ISSI for supporting the Heliopause International Team which spurred this work and SPDF for access to the data archives. J.D.R. was supported under NASA contract 959203 from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and NASA grants NAG5-8947 and NNX08AE49G. N.F.N. was supported at CUA by NASA grant NNX12AC63G. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR L14 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/762/1/L14 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 056KS UT WOS:000312488400014 ER PT J AU Mehta, SK Crucian, BE Stowe, RP Simpson, RJ Ott, CM Sams, CF Pierson, DL AF Mehta, S. K. Crucian, B. E. Stowe, R. P. Simpson, R. J. Ott, C. M. Sams, C. F. Pierson, D. L. TI Reactivation of latent viruses is associated with increased plasma cytokines in astronauts SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE Cytokines; Spaceflight; Herpes virus reactivation; Stress; Astronauts ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM DYSREGULATION; STRESS-INDUCED REACTIVATION; HERPESVIRUS REACTIVATION; SPACE-FLIGHT; SPACEFLIGHT; RECIPIENTS; RESPONSES; TYPE-1; IL-6 AB Success of long duration space missions will depend upon robust immunity. Decreased immunity has been observed in astronauts during short duration missions, as evident by the reactivation of latent herpes viruses. Seventeen astronauts were studied for reactivation and shedding of latent herpes viruses before, during, and after 9-14 days of 8 spaceflights. Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected 10 days before the flight (L-10), during the flight (saliva only), 2-3 h after landing (R + 0), 3 days after landing (R + 3), and 120 days after landing (R + 120). Values at R + 120 were used as baseline levels. No shedding of viruses occurred before flight, but 9 of the 17 (designated "virus shedders") shed at least one or more viruses during and after flight. The remaining 8 astronauts did not shed any of the 3 target viruses (non-virus shedders). Virus-shedders showed elevations in 10 plasma cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IFN gamma, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, eotaxin, and IP-10) at R + 0 over baseline values. Only IL-4 and IP-10 were elevated in plasma of non-virus shedders. In virus shedders, plasma IL-4 (a Th2 cytokine) was elevated 21-fold at R + 0, whereas IFN gamma (a Th1 cytokine) was elevated only 2-fold indicating a Th2 shift. The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was elevated 33-fold at R + 0. In non-shedding astronauts at R + 0, only IL-4 and IP-10 levels were elevated over baseline values. Elevated cytokines began returning to normal by R + 3, and by R + 120 all except IL-4 had returned to baseline values. These data show an association between elevated plasma cytokines and increased viral reactivation in astronauts. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mehta, S. K.; Crucian, B. E.; Ott, C. M.; Sams, C. F.; Pierson, D. L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Mehta, S. K.] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Stowe, R. P.] Microgen Labs, La Marque, TX 77568 USA. [Simpson, R. J.] Univ Houston, Lab Integrated Physiol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Mehta, SK (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code SF24,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM satish.k.mehta@nasa.gov FU NASA [111-30-10-03, 111-30-10-06] FX We gratefully acknowledge the participation of the astronauts in the study. We thank Jane Krauhs for editing the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA grants 111-30-10-03 and 111-30-10-06 to DLP. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD JAN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 1 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.09.019 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 056UR UT WOS:000312517400032 PM 23107825 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JP Myers, MS Strickland, SA Van Gaest, A Arkoosh, MR AF Dietrich, Joseph P. Myers, Mark S. Strickland, Stacy A. Van Gaest, Ahna Arkoosh, Mary R. TI Toxicity of forest fire retardant chemicals to stream-type chinook salmon undergoing parr-smolt transformation SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Wildfire; Toxicity; PHOS-CHEK; Smolt ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; AMMONIA; EXPOSURE; GILL; SMOLTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FISH AB Long-term fire retardants are used to prevent the spread of wildland fires. These products are normally applied by aircraft and are intended specifically for terrestrial application, but fire retardants have entered aquatic habitats by misapplication and/or accidental spills and have resulted in fish mortalities. The authors examined the toxicity of two fire retardant products, PHOS-CHEK 259F and LC-95A, to salmon undergoing parrsmolt transformation. Yearling stream-type chinook salmon at the smolt stage were exposed to eight concentrations of each retardant in freshwater and a no-PHOS-CHEK control for 96?h to determine acute toxicity. Concentrations of the products that caused 50% mortality were 140.5 and 339.8?mg/L for 259F and LC-95A, respectively, and could occur during accidental drops into aquatic habitats. Damage to gill tissues seen in histopathological sections was attributed to fire retardant exposure. Un-ionized ammonia levels, from 259F, were sufficient to cause acute mortality; but additional factors, indicated by increased phagosome prevalence in the gills, might have contributed to mortality during LC-95A exposure. Seawater and disease challenges were performed to determine sublethal effects of product exposures on fish health. Although PHOS-CHEK exposure did not adversely affect chinook salmon's susceptibility to Listonella anguillarum, exposure did significantly reduce seawater survival. Reduced salmon survival resulting from prior fire retardant exposure during their transition from freshwater rearing environments to seawater may decrease the abundance of salmon populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:236247. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Dietrich, Joseph P.; Strickland, Stacy A.; Van Gaest, Ahna; Arkoosh, Mary R.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. [Myers, Mark S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Dietrich, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. EM joseph.dietrich@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems Program FX We appreciate the technical efforts of D. Boylen, J. Osborn, and G. Hutchinson. We are also grateful for the insights provided by E. Little, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, and the thoughtful comments of N. Scholz, K. Peck-Miller, and K. MacNeal of the National Marine Fisheries Service during manuscript review. The present study was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems Program. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.1002/etc.2052 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700027 PM 23161484 ER PT J AU Saleeb, AF Dhakal, B Padula, SA Gaydosh, DJ AF Saleeb, Atef F. Dhakal, Binod Padula, Santo A., II Gaydosh, Darrell J. TI Calibration of a three-dimensional multimechanism shape memory alloy material model for the prediction of the cyclic "attraction" character in binary NiTi alloys SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE NiTi; shape memory alloy; thermomechanical; actuation; isobaric; cycling; evolution; transient; attraction state; multiaxial; multimechanism; material modeling ID THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB As typically utilized in applications, a particular shape memory alloy device or component operates under a large number of thermomechanical cycles, hence, the importance of accounting for the cyclic behavior characteristics in modeling and characterization of these systems. To this end, the present work is focused on the characterization of the evolutionary, cyclic behavior of binary 55NiTi (having a moderately-high transformation temperature range). In this study, an extensive set of test data from recent cyclic, isobaric, tension tests was used. Furthermore, for the calibration and characterization of this material, a newly developed, multiaxial, material-modeling framework was implemented. In this framework, multiple, inelastic mechanisms are used to regulate the partitioning of energy dissipation and storage governing the evolutionary thermomechanical response. C1 [Saleeb, Atef F.; Dhakal, Binod] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Padula, Santo A., II] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Gaydosh, Darrell J.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Saleeb, AF (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM saleeb@uakron.edu FU Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic, Fixed-Wing [NNH10ZEA0 01N-SFW1, NNX11AI57A] FX This work was supported by the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic, Fixed-Wing, Project No. NNH10ZEA0 01N-SFW1, Grant No. NNX11AI57A to the University of Akron. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 70 EP 88 DI 10.1177/1045389X12457255 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 057ID UT WOS:000312555600007 ER PT J AU Zhai, PW Hu, YX Josset, DB Trepte, CR Lucker, PL Lin, B AF Zhai, Peng-Wang Hu, Yongxiang Josset, Damien B. Trepte, Charles R. Lucker, Patricia L. Lin, Bing TI Advanced angular interpolation in the vector radiative transfer for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric and ocean optics; Radiative transfer; Polarization ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; POLARIZED-LIGHT; SUCCESSIVE ORDER; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PHASE FUNCTIONS; PLANE-PARALLEL; TRANSFER MODEL; EQUATION; APPROXIMATION AB We apply the iteration of source function (IOSF) philosophy to the successive order of scattering method for solving the vector radiative transfer equation in the coupled atmosphere and ocean system. A major class of radiative transfer solvers only provides the radiation field at discrete viewing zenith angles. The radiation field at other angles is found by interpolation. The iteration of source matrix method integrates the product of the radiation field and source matrix at quadrature points to obtain the radiation field at arbitrary viewing angles. The resultant solution includes the radiation contributions from all scattering orders higher than one. The analytical single scattering solution is then added to find the total radiation field. The proposed scheme includes the benefits of both the IOSF interpolation and the analytical single scattering solution. Boundary conditions for a flat air-sea interface are fully considered. A test case of a coupled atmosphere and ocean system shows that this combined method improves the polarized radiation field greatly in comparison with the regular polynomial interpolation method. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhai, Peng-Wang; Josset, Damien B.; Lucker, Patricia L.] MS 475 NASA Langley Res Ctr, SSAI, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zhai, PW (reprint author), MS 475 NASA Langley Res Ctr, SSAI, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM pengwang.zhai-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU NASA Radiation Science program; Biogeochemistry program FX This study is supported by the NASA Radiation Science program administrated Hal Maring and the Biogeochemistry program administrated by Paula Bontempi. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 115 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.09.018 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 056HH UT WOS:000312478500003 ER PT J AU Koren, I Altaratz, O Remer, LA Feingold, G Martins, JV Heiblum, R AF Koren, Ilan Altaratz, Orit Remer, Lorraine A. Feingold, Graham Martins, J. Vanderlei Heiblum, Reuven TI Water vapour affects both rain and aerosol optical depth Reply SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Koren, Ilan; Altaratz, Orit; Heiblum, Reuven] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Remer, Lorraine A.; Martins, J. Vanderlei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1038/ngeo1693 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058KQ UT WOS:000312633000005 ER PT J AU Cohen, B AF Cohen, Barbara TI A crowded Solar System SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Cohen, B (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM Barbara.A.Cohen@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 15 EP 16 DI 10.1038/ngeo1694 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058KQ UT WOS:000312633000016 ER PT J AU Jarrett, TH Masci, F Tsai, CW Petty, S Cluver, ME Assef, RJ Benford, D Blain, A Bridge, C Donoso, E Eisenhardt, P Koribalski, B Lake, S Neill, JD Seibert, M Sheth, K Stanford, S Wright, E AF Jarrett, T. H. Masci, F. Tsai, C. W. Petty, S. Cluver, M. E. Assef, Roberto J. Benford, D. Blain, A. Bridge, C. Donoso, E. Eisenhardt, P. Koribalski, B. Lake, S. Neill, James D. Seibert, M. Sheth, K. Stanford, S. Wright, E. TI EXTENDING THE NEARBY GALAXY HERITAGE WITH WISE: FIRST RESULTS FROM THE WISE ENHANCED RESOLUTION GALAXY ATLAS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: statistics; infrared: galaxies; surveys; techniques: image processing ID FORMATION RATE INDICATORS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STELLAR MASS ESTIMATION; ON-ORBIT PERFORMANCE; MOLECULAR GAS; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; INFRARED-EMISSION; FORMING GALAXIES AB The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mapped the entire sky at mid-infrared wavelengths 3.4 mu m, 4.6 mu m, 12 mu m, and 22 mu m. The mission was primarily designed to extract point sources, leaving resolved and extended sources, for the most part, unexplored. Accordingly, we have begun a dedicated WISE Enhanced Resolution Galaxy Atlas (WERGA) project to fully characterize large, nearby galaxies and produce a legacy image atlas and source catalog. Here we demonstrate the first results of the WERGA project for a sample of 17 galaxies, chosen to be of large angular size, diverse morphology, and covering a range in color, stellar mass, and star formation. It includes many well-studied galaxies, such as M 51, M 81, M 87, M 83, M 101, and IC 342. Photometry and surface brightness decomposition is carried out after special super-resolution processing, achieving spatial resolutions similar to that of Spitzer Infrared Array Camera. The enhanced resolution method is summarized in the first paper of this two-part series. In this second work, we present WISE, Spitzer, and Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) photometric and characterization measurements for the sample galaxies, combining the measurements to study the global properties. We derive star formation rates using the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sensitive 12 mu m (W3) fluxes, warm-dust sensitive 22 mu m (W4) fluxes, and young massive-star sensitive ultraviolet (UV) fluxes. Stellar masses are estimated using the 3.4 mu m (W1) and 4.6 mu m (W2) measurements that trace the dominant stellar mass content. We highlight and showcase the detailed results of M 83, comparing the WISE/Spitzer results with the Australia Telescope Compact Array Hi gas distribution and GALEX UV emission, tracing the evolution from gas to stars. In addition to the enhanced images, WISE's all-sky coverage provides a tremendous advantage over Spitzer for building a complete nearby galaxy catalog, tracing both stellar mass and star formation histories. We discuss the construction of a complete mid-infrared catalog of galaxies and its complementary role of studying the assembly and evolution of galaxies in the local universe. C1 [Jarrett, T. H.; Masci, F.; Tsai, C. W.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jarrett, T. H.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Petty, S.; Lake, S.; Wright, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cluver, M. E.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. [Assef, Roberto J.; Eisenhardt, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Benford, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blain, A.] Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bridge, C.; Neill, James D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Donoso, E.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Koribalski, B.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Seibert, M.] Observ Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Sheth, K.] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Stanford, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jarrett, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Cluver, Michelle/0000-0002-9871-6490 FU NASA through JPL/Caltech; NASA; Australian Research Council [FS110200023]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank G. Meurer, S. Lord, J. Mazzarella, and B. Madore for tapping their vast knowledge base of nearby galaxies. Discussions with S. Meidt and N. Taylor were very helpful in understanding the (ongoing) difficulties with M/L modeling. This work is based (in part) on observations made with the Spitzer and research using the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) and IPAC Infrared Science Archive, all of which are operated by JPL, Caltech under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. R.J.A. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. M. E. C. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (FS110200023). This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 132 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 145 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/145/1/6 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053DQ UT WOS:000312251100006 ER PT J AU Rebull, LM Johnson, CH Gibbs, JC Linahan, M Sartore, D Laher, R Legassie, M Armstrong, JD Allen, LE McGehee, P Padgett, DL Aryal, S Badura, KS Canakapalli, TS Carlson, S Clark, M Ezyk, N Fagan, J Killingstad, N Koop, S McCanna, T Nishida, MM Nuthmann, TR O'Bryan, A Pullinger, A Rameswaram, A Ravelomanantsoa, T Sprow, H Tilley, CM AF Rebull, L. M. Johnson, C. H. Gibbs, J. C. Linahan, M. Sartore, D. Laher, R. Legassie, M. Armstrong, J. D. Allen, L. E. McGehee, P. Padgett, D. L. Aryal, S. Badura, K. S. Canakapalli, T. S. Carlson, S. Clark, M. Ezyk, N. Fagan, J. Killingstad, N. Koop, S. McCanna, T. Nishida, M. M. Nuthmann, T. R. O'Bryan, A. Pullinger, A. Rameswaram, A. Ravelomanantsoa, T. Sprow, H. Tilley, C. M. TI NEW YOUNG STAR CANDIDATES IN BRC 27 AND BRC 34 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence ID BRIGHT-RIMMED CLOUDS; SPITZER C2D SURVEY; T-TAURI STARS; RADIATION-DRIVEN IMPLOSION; APERTURE PHOTOMETRY TOOL; INFRARED-SURVEY-EXPLORER; EMISSION-LINE STARS; IRAS POINT SOURCES; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; CANIS-MAJORIS R1 AB We used archival Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared data to search for young stellar objects (YSOs) in the immediate vicinity of two bright-rimmed clouds, BRC 27 (part of CMa R1) and BRC 34 (part of the IC 1396 complex). These regions both appear to be actively forming young stars, perhaps triggered by the proximate OB stars. In BRC 27, we find clear infrared excesses around 22 of the 26 YSOs or YSO candidates identified in the literature, and identify 16 new YSO candidates that appear to have IR excesses. In BRC 34, the one literature-identified YSO has an IR excess, and we suggest 13 new YSO candidates in this region, including a new Class I object. Considering the entire ensemble, both BRCs are likely of comparable ages, within the uncertainties of small number statistics and without spectroscopy to confirm or refute the YSO candidates. Similarly, no clear conclusions can yet be drawn about any possible age gradients that may be present across the BRCs. C1 [Rebull, L. M.; Laher, R.; Legassie, M.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnson, C. H.; Carlson, S.; Clark, M.; Killingstad, N.; Koop, S.; McCanna, T.; O'Bryan, A.; Ravelomanantsoa, T.] Breck Sch, Golden Valley, MN 55422 USA. [Gibbs, J. C.; Aryal, S.; Canakapalli, T. S.; Nishida, M. M.; Nuthmann, T. R.] Glencoe High Sch, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Linahan, M.; Ezyk, N.; Fagan, J.; Pullinger, A.; Rameswaram, A.; Sprow, H.] Carmel Catholic High Sch, Mundelein, IL 60060 USA. [Sartore, D.; Badura, K. S.; Tilley, C. M.] Pine Ridge High Sch, Deltona, FL 32738 USA. [Legassie, M.] Raytheon Mission Operat & Serv, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Armstrong, J. D.] Network Inc, Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope LCOGT, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Armstrong, J. D.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Allen, L. E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McGehee, P.] Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Padgett, D. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rebull, LM (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, M-S 220-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rebull@ipac.caltech.edu OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; U.S. Government [NAG W-2166] FX This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Abstract Service, and of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. These data were served by the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the Digitized Sky Surveys, which were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAG W-2166. The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The plates were processed into the present compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 145 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/145/1/15 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053DQ UT WOS:000312251100015 ER PT J AU Vitaliano, J Packer, D Reid, R Guida, V AF Vitaliano, Joseph Packer, David Reid, Robert Guida, Vincent TI Broad-scale, dense amphipod tube aggregations on the sea bed: implications for resource species that utilize benthic habitats SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE amphipod tubes; benthic habitat; biogenic structure; demersal fish; food habits; sediments ID GEORGES-BANK; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; JUVENILE FISHES; SEDIMENT TYPE; ATLANTIC; COMMUNITY; GROUNDS; IMPACTS; REFUGE; FLOOR AB During a research cruise to Georges Bank in 1999 to study the areas closed to fishing, broad areas of the sea floor (3000_km2) were found to have a high percentage cover of emergent invertebrate tubes. Most of these tubes were attributable to the tubicolous epifaunal amphipod, Ericthonius rubricornis. Our data show the spatial extent that dense clumps of amphipod tubes could cover the sea floor on Georges Bank. When some of the same sites were sampled 1_yr later, in June 2000, the percent cover of the tube clumps on the sea floor was significantly reduced. Biogenic structures, such as invertebrate tubes, are important features of benthic habitats and may provide protection for juvenile fish and invertebrate resource species. Our observations reiterate that biogenic habitat characteristics are not spatially and temporally stable and this needs to be recognized by fisheries managers when managing the living marine resources that utilize these habitats. C1 [Vitaliano, Joseph; Packer, David; Reid, Robert; Guida, Vincent] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Vitaliano, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM joseph.vitaliano@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1111/fog.12003 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 053CP UT WOS:000312247900005 ER PT J AU Nikitin, AV Brown, LR Sung, K Rey, M Tyuterev, VG Smith, MAH Mantz, AW AF Nikitin, A. V. Brown, L. R. Sung, K. Rey, M. Tyuterev, Vl. G. Smith, M. A. H. Mantz, A. W. TI Preliminary modeling of CH3D from 4000 to 4550 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE CH3D; Polyads; Intensities; Dipole moments; FTS spectra; Titan; Low temperature ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MIRS COMPUTER PACKAGE; M TRANSPARENCY WINDOW; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; 6-10 MU-M; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; MONODEUTERATED METHANE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; LINE LIST AB A new study of (CH3D)-C-12 line positions and intensities was performed for the upper portion of the Enneadecad polyad between 4000 and 4550 cm(-1). For this, FTIR spectra were recorded with D-enriched methane samples (at 80 K with a Bruker 125 IFS at 0.005 cm(-1) resolution and at 291 K with the McMath-Pierce FTS at 0.011 cm(-1) resolution, respectively). Line positions and intensities were retrieved by least square curve-fitting procedures and analyzed using the effective Hamiltonian and the effective dipole moment expressed in terms of irreducible tensor operators adapted to symmetric top molecules. Initially, only the cold spectrum was used to identify quantum assignments and predict (CH3D)-C-12 relative intensities in this region. To assign higher quanta up to J equal 14, additional line positions and intensities were obtained from two room temperature spectra. In the final stage, measured intensities from both the cold and the room temperature data were normalized to corresponding values at 296 K and then averaged. Combining the two temperature datasets confirmed the assumed quantum assignments and also demonstrated the relative accuracies to be better than +/- 0.0002 cm(-1) for line positions and at least +/- 6% for intensities so that similar to 1160 features were selected. Including additional assignments from the room temperature spectra alone permitted 1362 line intensities of 11 bands (involving 23 vibrational symmetry components) to be reproduced with an RMS of 9%. Over 4085 selected positions for 12 bands were modeled to 0.008 cm(-1). Nevertheless a number of known assignments could not be modeled to within our experimental precisions. More work is needed to obtain a complete characterization of this complex polyad. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nikitin, A. V.] SB RAS, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Lab Theoret Spect, Tomsk 634021, Russia. [Brown, L. R.; Sung, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rey, M.; Tyuterev, Vl. G.] Univ Reims, UFR Sci, UMR CNRS 7331, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, F-51687 Reims 2, France. [Smith, M. A. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Mantz, A. W.] Connecticut Coll, Dept Phys Astron & Geophys, New London, CT 06320 USA. RP Nikitin, AV (reprint author), SB RAS, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Lab Theoret Spect, 1 Acad Zuev Sq, Tomsk 634021, Russia. EM avn@lts.iao.ru RI Nikitin, Andrei/K-2624-2013; Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015 OI Nikitin, Andrei/0000-0002-4280-4096; FU ANR [BLAN08-2_321467]; Groupement de Recherche International SAMIA; IDRIS computer centre of CNRS France; Computer centre Reims-Champagne-Ardenne; LEFE-CHAT INSU project APOA1 (CNRS, France); Russian Academia of Science [22]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work is part of the ANR project "CH4@Titan" (Ref: BLAN08-2_321467). The support of the Groupement de Recherche International SAMIA between CNRS (France), RFBR (Russia) and CAS (China) is acknowledged. We acknowledge the support from the IDRIS computer centre of CNRS France and of the Computer centre Reims-Champagne-Ardenne. The support of LEFE-CHAT INSU project APOA1 (CNRS, France) is acknowledged. A.N. thanks computer centres of ICM@MG SB RAS (Novosibirsk) and SKIF Siberia (Tomsk). The support of the Program Number 22 "The fundamental problems of investigation and exploration of the Solar System" of Russian Academia of Science is acknowledged. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, the NASA Langley Research Center and Connecticut College under contracts and grants with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 114 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.08.005 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 052BT UT WOS:000312173400001 ER PT J AU Cohen, EA Drouin, BJ Brown, LR Oh, JJ AF Cohen, Edward A. Drouin, Brian J. Brown, Linda R. Oh, Jung Jin TI Terahertz and infrared spectra of carbonyl fluoride, COF2: Vibration-rotation analyses of the four lowest bands, 2 nu(6), and nu(6) hot bands; (COF2)-C-13 ground state and nu(6) band SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Carbonyl fluoride; THz spectra; Infrared spectra; Frequencies; Hot bands ID SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM AB The rotational spectrum of COF2 has been observed near 1, 1.6 and 2.5 THz as part of a continuing program to precisely characterize the spectra of atmospheric molecules. THz spectra of the ground, nu(2), nu(3), nu(5), and nu(6) states have been assigned, combined with other available rotational data and high resolution infrared data, and fit in a single calculation up to J approximate to 90 for a wide range of K-c. Watson IIIl S or I-r A parameters produce fits of essentially the same quality. A preliminary fit of the 2 nu(6) band is also reported as well as all hot bands in the nu(6) region which originate in the states below 1000 cm(-1). The THz rotational spectrum of naturally abundant (COF2)-C-13 in its ground vibrational state has also been observed and fit separately as has the infrared spectrum of its nu(6) band. These results provide more accurate prediction of high J rotational spectra and infrared spectra of the fundamental vibrations below 1000 cm(-1). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, Edward A.; Drouin, Brian J.; Brown, Linda R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Oh, Jung Jin] Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 140742, South Korea. RP Cohen, EA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Edward.A.Cohen@jpl.nasa.gov; Brian.J.Drouin@jpl.nasa.gov; Linda.R.Brown@jpl.nasa.gov; jjinoh@sookmyung.ac.kr NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 114 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.08.021 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 052BT UT WOS:000312173400002 ER PT J AU Zhai, PW Hu, YX Hostetler, CA Cairns, B Ferrare, RA Knobelspiesse, KD Josset, DB Trepte, CR Lucker, PL Chowdhary, J AF Zhai, Peng-Wang Hu, Yongxiang Hostetler, Chris A. Cairns, Brian Ferrare, Richard A. Knobelspiesse, Kirk D. Josset, Damien B. Trepte, Charles R. Lucker, Patricia L. Chowdhary, Jacek TI Uncertainty and interpretation of aerosol remote sensing due to vertical inhomogeneity SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Radiative transfer; Aerosol; Polarization ID RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; SUCCESSIVE ORDER; SCATTERING; ATMOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; CONFIRMATION; REFLECTANCE; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEMS; MODIS AB We have built an aerosol retrieval algorithm which combines the Look Up Table (LUT) and least squares fitting methods. The algorithm is based on the multi-angle multi-wavelength polarized reflectance at the Top Of the Atmosphere (TOA) measured by the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). The aerosol state parameters are the aerosol particle effective radius, effective variance, complex index of refraction, and aerosol column number density. Monomodal aerosol size distribution is assumed. The Cost Function (CF) of the least squares fitting is designed in consideration of the RSP instrumental characteristics. The aerosol retrieval algorithm inherently assumes one layer of aerosols within the atmosphere. Synthetic polarized radiance data at the TOA have been created assuming either one or two layers of aerosols using the vector radiative transfer code based on successive order of scattering method. Test cases for one-layer aerosol systems show great performance. Around 90% of the total 1200 test cases have CF values smaller than 50. For these cases, the correlation coefficients of the input and retrieved parameters are generally around or larger than 0.98. The effective variance is slightly worse with the correlation coefficient of 0.76938. On the other hand, test cases for two-layer aerosol systems show that only 50% of the total (also 1200) tested cases have final CFs smaller than 50. Among these successful cases (CF <= 50), the retrieved optical depth can still be interpreted as the total column optical depth, though the correlation coefficient is decreased in comparison with the one-layer aerosol cases. We propose to interpret other retrieved aerosol parameters as the average of corresponding parameters for each layer weighted by its optical depth at 865 nm. The retrieved effective radius and complex refractive index can be explained by this scheme (correlation coefficient around 0.9). The effective variance, however, shows decreased performance with the correlation coefficient of 0.46421. This may be due to the strong nonlinearity dependence of the scattering properties on the effective variance. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhai, Peng-Wang; Josset, Damien B.; Lucker, Patricia L.] SSAI, Hampton, VA USA. [Hu, Yongxiang; Hostetler, Chris A.; Ferrare, Richard A.; Trepte, Charles R.] MS 475 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Cairns, Brian; Knobelspiesse, Kirk D.; Chowdhary, Jacek] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Zhai, PW (reprint author), SSAI, 1 Enterprise Pkwy,Suite 200, Hampton, VA USA. EM pengwang.zhai-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016; OI Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU NASA FX This study is supported by the NASA Radiation Science program administrated by Hal Maring and the Biogeochemistry program administrated by Paula Bontempi. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 114 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.08.006 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 052BT UT WOS:000312173400011 ER PT J AU Liewer, PC Panasenco, O Hall, JR AF Liewer, P. C. Panasenco, O. Hall, J. R. TI Stereoscopic Analysis of the 31 August 2007 Prominence Eruption and Coronal Mass Ejection SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona; Coronal mass ejection; Filament eruption; Prominence ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE; FILAMENT CHANNELS; RECONSTRUCTION; FEATURES AB The spectacular prominence eruption and CME of 31 August 2007 are analyzed stereoscopically using data from NASA's twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft. The technique of tie pointing and triangulation (T&T) is used to reconstruct the prominence (or filament when seen on the disk) before and during the eruption. For the first time, a filament barb is reconstructed in three-dimensions, confirming that the barb connects the filament spine to the solar surface. The chirality of the filament system is determined from the barb and magnetogram and confirmed by the skew of the loops of the post-eruptive arcade relative to the polarity reversal boundary below. The T&T analysis shows that the filament rotates as it erupts in the direction expected for a filament system of the given chirality. While the prominence begins to rotate in the slow-rise phase, most of the rotation occurs during the fast-rise phase, after formation of the CME begins. The stereoscopic analysis also allows us to analyze the spatial relationships among various features of the eruption including the pre-eruptive filament, the flare ribbons, the erupting prominence, and the cavity of the coronal mass ejection (CME). We find that erupting prominence strands and the CME have different (non-radial) trajectories; we relate the trajectories to the structure of the coronal magnetic fields. The possible cause of the eruption is also discussed. C1 [Liewer, P. C.; Hall, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Panasenco, O.] Helio Res, La Crescenta, CA 91214 USA. RP Liewer, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paulett.Liewer@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA; NASA [NNX09AG27G]; NSF SHINE [0852249] FX We would like to thank Sara Martin, Pascal Demoulin, Eric De Jong, Marco Velli and Bill Thompson for useful discussions on various aspects of this research. The work of PCL and JRH and was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract from NASA. The work of OP was supported by the NASA grant NNX09AG27G and NSF SHINE grant 0852249. The STEREO/SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 282 IS 1 BP 201 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s11207-012-0145-z PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051NA UT WOS:000312132800012 ER PT S AU Kaynak, Y Karaca, HE Noebe, RD Jawahir, IS AF Kaynak, Y. Karaca, H. E. Noebe, R. D. Jawahir, I. S. BE Settineri, L TI Analysis of Tool-wear and Cutting Force Components in Dry, Preheated, and Cryogenic Machining of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys SO 14TH CIRP CONFERENCE ON MODELING OF MACHINING OPERATIONS (CIRP CMMO) SE Procedia CIRP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations (CIRP CMMO) CY JUN 13-14, 2013 CL Torino, ITALY SP CIRP DE Cryogenic machining; NiTi shape memory alloys; tool-wear; phase transformation ID PERFORMANCE; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR AB The present study focuses on tool-wear behaviour and cutting forces in machining of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) under various machining conditions, namely dry, preheated, and cryogenic cooling at three different cutting speeds. Obtained results show that cryogenic cooling plays a significant role on reducing notch wear at higher cutting speeds in comparison with machining under dry and preheated conditions. It is also found that cryogenic cooling substantially decreases the cutting force requirement compared with machining under dry and preheated conditions. Chip thickness is not significantly affected by machining conditions. Based on these experimental findings, cryogenic machining is considered a promising approach for improving machining performance of NiTi shape memory alloys. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kaynak, Y.; Karaca, H. E.; Jawahir, I. S.] Univ Kentucky, ISM, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Noebe, R. D.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Struct & Mat Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kaynak, Y (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, ISM, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM yusuf_kaynak@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-8271 J9 PROC CIRP PY 2013 VL 8 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.procir.2013.06.140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BD4MR UT WOS:000360917000085 ER PT B AU Kaul, AB Coles, JB Megerian, KG Eastwood, M Green, RO Bandaru, PR AF Kaul, Anupama B. Coles, James B. Megerian, Krikor G. Eastwood, Michael Green, Robert O. Bandaru, Prabhakar R. GP IEEE TI A bottom-up engineered broadband optical nanoabsorber for radiometry and energy harnessing applications SO 2013 13TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 05-08, 2013 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Acad Engn, Chinese Soc Micro Nano Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Tribol, City Univ Hong Kong, NeoUnion ESC Org, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot Technol & Syst, Xian Jiaotong Univ, State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn, Peking Univ, Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, N Univ China, Micro & Nano Technol Res Ctr, Pk Syst, German Tech, Zurich Instruments Ltd, Stella Co, Techcomp Ltd, AIXTRON SE, Pho Imaging Ltd, Nano Precis Corp, Nanopolis Suzhou Co ID ABSORBER; DEPOSITION AB Optical absorbers based on vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), synthesized using electric-field assisted growth, are described here that show an ultra-low reflectance, 100X lower compared to Au-black from wavelength lambda similar to 350 nm - 2.5 mu m. A bi-metallic Co/Ti layer was shown to catalyze a high site density of MWCNTs on metallic substrates and the optical properties of the absorbers were engineered by controlling the bottom-up synthesis conditions using dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Reflectance measurements on the MWCNT absorbers after heating them in air to 400 degrees C showed negligible changes in reflectance which was still low, similar to 0.022 % at lambda similar to 2 mu m. In contrast, the percolated structure of the reference Au-black samples collapsed completely after heating, causing the optical response to degrade at temperatures as low as 200 degrees C. The high optical absorption efficiency of the MWCNT absorbers, synthesized on metallic substrates, over a broad spectral range, coupled with their thermal ruggedness, suggests they have promise in solar energy harnessing applications, as well as thermal detectors for radiometry. C1 [Kaul, Anupama B.; Coles, James B.; Megerian, Krikor G.; Eastwood, Michael; Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bandaru, Prabhakar R.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kaul, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM anu.kaul@jpl.nasa.gov; pbandaru@ucsd.edu FU NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory [OISTCR, R.1O.021.067] FX *Research supported by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (OISTCR, R.1O.021.067). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0675-8; 978-1-4799-0676-5 PY 2013 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB8EU UT WOS:000346488300040 ER PT B AU Jin, B Kim, J Kang, D Meyyappan, M Lee, JS AF Jin, Bo Kim, Jungsik Kang, Daegun Meyyappan, M. Lee, Jeong-Soo GP IEEE TI Size-dependent Characteristics of Highly-scalable In2Se3 Nanowire Phase-change Random Access Memory SO 2013 13TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 05-08, 2013 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Acad Engn, Chinese Soc Micro Nano Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Tribol, City Univ Hong Kong, NeoUnion ESC Org, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot Technol & Syst, Xian Jiaotong Univ, State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn, Peking Univ, Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, N Univ China, Micro & Nano Technol Res Ctr, Pk Syst, German Tech, Zurich Instruments Ltd, Stella Co, Techcomp Ltd, AIXTRON SE, Pho Imaging Ltd, Nano Precis Corp, Nanopolis Suzhou Co AB Electrical phase transition characteristics of self-assembled In2Se3 nanowire-based phasechange random access memory are presented. Through repeatable phase switching behavior in In2Se3 nanowire, we explored critical device parameters, such as set/reset programming voltage, extremely high resistance ratio (similar to 10(7)), power consumption, thermal resistance by Fourier's law, resistance drift coefficient by power law, etc. Size-dependent properties were observed: a systematic reduction in set/reset voltage and programming power, increase in thermal resistance of amorphous/crystalline phases and decrease in resistance drift coefficient at reset state, all scaling down the nanowire diameter. Such investigations provide an opportunity to develop highlyscalable and thermally efficient nonvolatile memory architecture in the future. C1 [Jin, Bo; Kim, Jungsik; Meyyappan, M.; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kang, Daegun; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jin, B (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM shengzhi86@postech.ac.kr; irijeori@postech.ac.kr; kdggo@postech.ac.kr; m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; ljs6951@postech.ac.kr FU World Class University program; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; National Research Foundation of Korea [R31-10100]; Center for Advanced Soft Electronics [2011-0031638]; Global Frontier Research Program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea FX This research was supported by World Class University program funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology through the National Research Foundation of Korea (R31-10100); by a grant (Code No. 2011-0031638) from the Center for Advanced Soft Electronics under the Global Frontier Research Program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0675-8; 978-1-4799-0676-5 PY 2013 BP 849 EP 852 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB8EU UT WOS:000346488300188 ER PT S AU Coltin, B Nefian, A AF Coltin, Brian Nefian, Ara GP IEEE TI LIDAR TO IMAGE COREGISTRATION ON ORBITAL DATA SO 2013 20TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 15-18, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE LIDAR image coregistration; Gauss-Newton; image pyramid AB In 2009, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) launched with the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), an instrument that precisely measures the Moon's surface elevation. LOLA is recorded in Lunar polar tracks, making this data particularly sparse in the equatorial regions where NASA has large sets of orbital images captured over the last five decades. The coregistration of orbital images (often taken from an imprecise spacecraft camera pose) and the precise but sparse LOLA measurements is crucial in building large scale, accurate lunar maps that support current and near term NASA and international space agencies' missions to the Moon. In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm for matching orbital images captured during Apollo 15, 16 and 17 missions with LIDAR data captured by the LOLA instrument. The surface normals extracted from each LOLA shot, the Apollo Metric camera pose, Sun position at image caption time and the lunar albedo are used to estimate a synthetic orbital image used as reference. We then use the Gauss-Newton algorithm to precisely align the actual (Apollo) orbital image to this reference image to progressively higher resolution layers of the image pyramid. C1 [Coltin, Brian] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nefian, Ara] NASA Ames, Intelligent Robot Grp, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Coltin, B (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-2341-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2013 BP 775 EP 779 PG 5 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC3FD UT WOS:000351597600156 ER PT S AU Nefian, AV Alexandrov, O Moratto, Z Kim, TM Beyer, RA AF Nefian, Ara V. Alexandrov, Oleg Moratto, Zachary Kim, Taemin Beyer, Ross A. GP IEEE TI PHOTOMETRIC LUNAR SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION SO 2013 20TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 15-18, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID ALBEDO; IMAGES AB Accurate photometric reconstruction of the Lunar surface is important in the context of upcoming NASA robotic missions to the Moon and in giving a more accurate understanding of the Lunar soil composition. This paper describes a novel approach for joint estimation of Lunar albedo, camera exposure time, and photometric parameters that utilizes an accurate Lunar-Lambertian reflectance model and previously derived Lunar topography of the area visualized during the Apollo missions. The method introduced here is used in creating the largest Lunar albedo map (16% of the Lunar surface) at the resolution of 10 meters/pixel. C1 [Nefian, Ara V.; Alexandrov, Oleg; Moratto, Zachary; Kim, Taemin; Beyer, Ross A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nefian, AV (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ara.nefian@nasa.gov; oleg.alexandrov@nasa.gov; zachary.moratto@nasa.gov; taemin.kim@nasa.gov; ross.a.beyer@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-2341-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2013 BP 2354 EP 2357 PG 4 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC3FD UT WOS:000351597602094 ER PT S AU Oktem, FS Davila, JM Kamalabadi, F AF Oktem, Figen S. Davila, Joseph M. Kamalabadi, Farzad GP IEEE TI IMAGE FORMATION MODEL FOR PHOTON SIEVES SO 2013 20TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 15-18, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A photon sieve, modification of a Fresnel zone plate, has been recently proposed to achieve higher resolution imaging and spectroscopy at UV and x-ray wavelengths. In this paper, we present Fresnel imaging formulas that relate the output of a photon sieve imaging system to its input, originating from either a coherent or incoherent extended source. By using a well-known model for the zone plate, we also provide approximations to these imaging formulas, which are more efficient to compute. These imaging relations for both photon sieve and the approximate model are crucial for effectively analyzing and solving the inverse problems that arise from the new imaging modalities enabled by photon sieves. We illustrate this by formulating the forward model of the image formation process for an application in polychromatic imaging. C1 [Oktem, Figen S.; Kamalabadi, Farzad] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Oktem, Figen S.; Kamalabadi, Farzad] Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Davila, Joseph M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Oktem, FS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-2341-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2013 BP 2373 EP 2377 PG 5 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC3FD UT WOS:000351597602098 ER PT S AU Bennett, TJ Nichols, KD Shryock, KJ AF Bennett, Trevor J. Nichols, Kristin D. Shryock, Kristi J. GP ASEE TI Creating the Framework for Better Aerospace Engineers SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE AB This paper provides an overview of the modifications made to the freshman level Introduction to Aerospace Engineering course at Texas A&M University and details the motivation for transitioning to a more design-centered course structure from previous modifications made over the past few years. The course focuses on three multi-week design projects supplemented by other various forms of instruction, such as guest lecturing and student mentoring. The paper concludes with survey results and testimonials that demonstrate the effectiveness of engineering design education at the freshman level. C1 [Bennett, Trevor J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nichols, Kristin D.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nichols, Kristin D.] Texas A&M, College Stn, TX USA. [Shryock, Kristi J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Undergrad Programs & Outreach, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bennett, TJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE7HB UT WOS:000375256300016 ER PT S AU Guerra, L Murphy, GA May, LD AF Guerra, Lisa Murphy, Gloria A. May, Lisa D. GP ASEE TI Applying Systems Engineering to the Lunabotics Mining Competition Capstone Design Challenge SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE C1 [Guerra, Lisa] NASA Headquarters, Directorate Integrat Off, Explorat Syst Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Murphy, Gloria A.] NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr KSC, Lunabot Min Competit, Gainesville, FL USA. [May, Lisa D.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Guerra, L (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Directorate Integrat Off, Explorat Syst Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 AR UNSP 6932 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE7HA UT WOS:000375255604046 ER PT S AU Rauber, M Stajer, D Noc, M Schlegel, TT Starc, V AF Rauber, Martin Stajer, Dusan Noc, Marko Schlegel, Todd T. Starc, Vito GP IEEE TI High Resolution ECG Changes in Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest during and after Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia SO 2013 COMPUTING IN CARDIOLOGY CONFERENCE (CINC) SE Computing in Cardiology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting on Computing in Cardiology (CinC) CY SEP 22-25, 2013 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP EMB, IEEE, PhysioNet, Mortara, Univ Inst Investigac Ingn Aragon, Univ Zaragoza, Philips, Escuela Ingn Arquitectura, Univ Zaragoza, GE Healthcare Life Sci, Cardiolund, Ciber-BBN, Centro Investigac Biomedica Red Bioingenieria, Biomateriales Nanomedicina, lOP Publishing, Zoll, Museo Ibercaja, Goya Zaragoza, ESC Working Grp, e-Cardiol, Unive Zaragoza, GTC, Commun Technologies Grp,, Unive Zaragoza, European Soc Cardiol ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES; QT INTERVAL AB Our aims were to determine whether mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) is associated with ECG changes similar to those observed in accidental hypothermia, and to use advanced ECG parameters to further characterize any electro physiological changes associated with MTH. The study included 46 patients (35 after primary, 9 after secondary, and 2 after heart arrest of undetermined type), treated with MTH. In all patients, a 5-minute 12-lead high fidelity ECG was recorded during MTH and in normothermia, with core body temperatures 33.0 +/- 0.6 and 37.2 +/- 0.6 degrees C, respectively. Custom software programs were used to calculate several conventional and advanced ECG parameters. During MTH, changes in standard ECG parameters included significantly increased RR, PR and QTc intervals, as already described in the literature. Utilizing advanced ECG, we also found significantly increased HRV, QRS vector amplitude and spatial ventricular gradient, but decreased QTV and narrower spatial QRS-T angle. We conclude that hypothermia significantly affects electro physiological characteristics of heart muscle and suggest that recovery from MTH is associated with increased sympathetic drive. C1 [Rauber, Martin; Stajer, Dusan; Noc, Marko; Starc, Vito] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Ljubljana 1104, Slovenia. [Stajer, Dusan; Noc, Marko] Univ Med Ctr, Ctr Intens Internal Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Schlegel, Todd T.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Starc, V (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Vrazov Trg 2, Ljubljana 1104, Slovenia. EM vito.starc@mf.uni-lj.si NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-887X BN 978-1-4799-0884-4 J9 COMPUT CARDIOL CONF PY 2013 VL 40 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC1AL UT WOS:000349898700151 ER PT J AU Nam, S Calkins, B Gerritts, T Harrington, S Lita, AE Marsili, F Verma, VB Vayshenker, I Mirin, RP Shaw, M Farr, W Stern, JA AF Nam, S. Calkins, B. Gerritts, T. Harrington, S. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Vayshenker, I. Mirin, R. P. Shaw, M. Farr, W. Stern, J. A. GP IEEE TI Superconducting single photon detectors SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Nam, S.; Calkins, B.; Gerritts, T.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Vayshenker, I.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M.; Farr, W.; Stern, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nam, S (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301692 ER PT S AU Briggs, RM Frez, C Borgentun, CE Forouhar, S AF Briggs, Ryan M. Frez, Clifford Borgentun, Carl E. Forouhar, Siamak GP IEEE TI Room-temperature operation of index-coupled distributed-feedback 4.75 mu m quantum cascade lasers fabricated without epitaxial regrowth SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE AB We demonstrate single-mode distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers at 4.75 mu m with etched index-coupled surface gratings and spin-on dielectric infilling. We observe continuous wave laser emission at room temperature with 5 W of electrical power consumption. C1 [Briggs, Ryan M.; Frez, Clifford; Borgentun, Carl E.; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Briggs, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ryan.m.briggs@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262501200 ER EF