FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Natan, B Netzer, DW AF Natan, B Netzer, DW TI Boron carbide combustion in solid-fuel ramjets using bypass air. Part II: Theoretical analysis SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article AB The effect of bypass air momentum on the combustion efficiency of a boron-carbide fueled solid-fuel ramjet motor has been investigated theoretically. A 3-D model of the flow in the aft-burner has been developed and solved numerically. The theoretical results indicated that combustion efficiency can be increased by employing bypass air with low dump momentum, in agreement with experimental results. High bypass air dump momentum was shown to enhance extinguishment of particle combustion through increased collisions with the motor walls. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Natan, B (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Natan, Benveniste/E-4897-2012 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1002/prep.19970220104 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA V2833 UT WOS:000168729000003 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Fulghum, SF AF Weber, BV Fulghum, SF TI A high sensitivity two-color interferometer for pulsed power plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID OPENING SWITCH AB A high sensitivity, high bandwidth, two-color interferometer (1064 and 532 nm) has been tested on the Hawk pulsed power generator at the Naval Research Laboratory. The phase resolution is 10(-5) waves with a rise time of 3 ns, a new capability for diagnosing plasmas, and neutrals in pulsed power experiments. The two-color feature is used to distinguish phase shifts from free (plasma) electrons and bound (neutral and ion) electrons. Simultaneous electron and neutral density measurements were demonstrated in a plasma opening switch (POS) experiment. The ability to measure small phase shifts with fast rise time were demonstrated in a plasma filled diode experiment. The high sensitivity and vibration isolation enable neutral gas distribution measurements from supersonic nozzles used in plasma radiation source experiments. Examples of these measurements and future applications are described. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 SCI RES LAB INC,SOMERVILLE,MA 02143. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 12 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 68 IS 2 BP 1227 EP 1232 DI 10.1063/1.1147894 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA WJ314 UT WOS:A1997WJ31400017 ER PT J AU Barsoum, RGS AF Barsoum, RGS TI Active materials and adaptive structures SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB This paper gives a brief discussion of the ONR program on active materials and adaptive structures, and addresses its objectives and issues as they relate to naval applications. The main focus is on the mechanics tools necessary for the design of this new class of structures. A review of the research in the mechanics of high-strain active materials and engineering active materials, hybrid active materials, constitutive modeling, failure of ferroelectric ceramics, and active material interaction with host material is given. The majority of the effort is devoted to understanding failure mechanisms in active materials, which were recognized early in the program to be of great importance to reliable design of high-performance actuators and their acceptance by the design community. Some new concepts of engineering active materials, and developments of hybrid active materials, are introduced as a means to achieve high-performance actuation. The paper also covers various design approaches for high-strain-high-frequency actuators in addition to some new actuator concepts. The reliability issue of the host materials and the mechanics of embedding of actuators in composite structures are addressed. C1 OFF NAVAL RES,SHIP STRUCT & SYST DIV,SOLID MECH PROGRAM,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/6/1/014 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA WL565 UT WOS:A1997WL56500014 ER PT J AU Foster, VJ Keenan, FP Reid, RHG Doyle, JG Zhang, HL Pradhan, AK Widing, KG AF Foster, VJ Keenan, FP Reid, RHG Doyle, JG Zhang, HL Pradhan, AK Widing, KG TI Mg VIII diagnostic line ratios in Skylab solar observations SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRUM; BORON-LIKE IONS; ATOMIC DATA; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; XUV OBSERVATIONS; COMPACT FLARE; IRON PROJECT; NE-VI; EMISSION; HELIOMETER AB Recent calculations of Mg VIII electron and proton impact excitations rates are used to derive theoretical electron temperature (T-e)- and density (N-e)-sensitive emission line ratios involving transitions in the 315-782 Angstrom wavelength range. Some of these ratios are presented in the form of ratio-ratio diagrams, which should in principle allow both N-e and T-e to be deduced. These results are compared with solar observational data from Skylab, but agreement between theory and observation is very poor, probably due to blending. C1 QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,BELFAST BT7 1NN,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. ARMAGH OBSERV,ARMAGH BT61 9DG,NORTH IRELAND. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Foster, VJ (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,DEPT PURE & APPL PHYS,BELFAST BT7 1NN,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 170 IS 2 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1023/A:1004946819172 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WT119 UT WOS:A1997WT11900002 ER PT J AU Binari, SC Doverspike, K Kelner, G Dietrich, HB Wickenden, AE AF Binari, SC Doverspike, K Kelner, G Dietrich, HB Wickenden, AE TI GaN FETs for microwave and high-temperature applications SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on III-V Nitrides (TWN 95) CY SEP 21-23, 1995 CL CONGRESS CTR, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP AOARD, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE EDS, IEEE LEOS HO CONGRESS CTR ID N-TYPE GAN AB The d.c., microwave, and high-temperature characteristics of Si-doped MESFETs with and without n(+) ohmic contact layers, Si3N4/GaN MISFETs, and AIN/GaN HFETs are presented. The highest transconductance and microwave performance were observed for 1 mu m gate-length HFETs. These HFETs have a transconductance of 45 mS/mm, an f tau of 8 GMz, and an f(max) of 22 GHz. The Si-doped MESFETs have good pinch-off characteristics at 400 degrees C and are operational at 500 degrees C. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(96)00161-X PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WF763 UT WOS:A1997WF76300012 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Kennedy, TA Glaser, ER Carlos, WE AF Freitas, JA Kennedy, TA Glaser, ER Carlos, WE TI Optical and magnetic resonance characterization of undoped and doped wurtzite GaN films deposited on sapphire substrates SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on III-V Nitrides (TWN 95) CY SEP 21-23, 1995 CL CONGRESS CTR, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP AOARD, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE EDS, IEEE LEOS HO CONGRESS CTR ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LAYERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; SI AB We have used a combination of defect-sensitive techniques to study native defects and impurities in GaN films deposited on the basal plane of sapphire. The optical and electronic properties of undoped samples are dependent on the degree of compensation between shallow donor and accepters levels. The paramagnetic studies of undoped films reveal resonances from effective-mass and deep-donor states. Photoluminescence studies of films doped with Mg-acceptors indicate a possible dependence of the localization of the Mg-related center with the increasing concentration of activated accepters. The optically detected magnetic resonance measurements of Mg-doped samples show that the Mg-acceptor is perturbed from its effective-mass state. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(96)00163-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WF763 UT WOS:A1997WF76300014 ER PT J AU Idzerda, YU AF Idzerda, YU TI Role of emission character in Auger electron diffraction SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-PHOTOELECTRON; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SURFACE ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; FORWARD-SCATTERING; ENERGY AUGER; HOLOGRAPHIC IMAGES; SOURCE-WAVE; SPECTROSCOPY AB A review of the interpretation of the angle-dependent Auger intensity pattern by both Auger electron diffraction (AED), which is concerned with identifying the nearby atomic structure, and angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy (ARAES), which is concerned with identifying the character of the emitted electron source function, is presented. The importance of the emission character of the Auger electron (in terms of its angular momentum, 1, and its magnetic quantum number, m) in understanding the generation of the AED and ARAES patterns is described. Understanding of bent the various direct and secondary mechanisms for the Auger electron generation can affect the populations of these states can also be used to help identify the multiplet structure within the Auger lineshape as well as elucidate the core hole generation process. RP Idzerda, YU (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1142/S0218625X97000171 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA XA621 UT WOS:A1997XA62100016 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Wassef, NM Hartman, KR Rudolph, AS Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Wassef, NM Hartman, KR Rudolph, AS Alving, CR TI Complement activation in vitro by the red cell substitute, liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: Mechanism of activation and inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; PATHWAY ACTIVATION; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; HEMODIALYSIS; SYSTEM; ERYTHROCYTES; CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD AB BACKGROUND: Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) has been developed as an emergency blood substitute, yet its effect on human complement has never been explored. Considering that complement activation is a major pathogenic factor in the respiratory distress syndrome that often develops in trauma and shock, LEH-induced complement activation may be a critical safety issue. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Various LEH and corresponding empty liposomes were incubated with normal human sera, and various markers of complement activation (serum levels of C4d, Bb, SC5b-9, and CH50; C5a-induced granulocyte aggregation; membrane deposition of C3b) were measured. Incubations were also performed in the presence of (ethylene-bis[oxyethylenenitrilo]tetraacetic acid) (EGTA) and Mg++ (EGTA/Mg++) and soluble complement receptor type 1. RESULTS: LEH and liposomes activated human complement, as indicated by significant changes in one or more markers. The effect was primarily due to the presence of the phospholipid vehicle; small, unilamellar, highly homodispersed vesicles induced the greatest degree of complement activation. Complement activation was partially inhibited by EGTA/Mg++. The latter finding, together with the parallel increases in serum C4d and Bb, suggests activation of both the classical and alternative pathways. Soluble complement receptor type 1 (0.05-20 mu g/mL) efficiently inhibited all vesicle-induced complement activation. CONCLUSION: Because of complement activation, the use of LEH for transfusion may require careful evaluation of safety. Soluble complement receptor type 1 may be useful as a prophylactic agent for complement activation-related complications of liposome infusions. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MEMBRANE BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NAVAL RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 59 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.37297203517.x PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA WJ594 UT WOS:A1997WJ59400007 PM 9051089 ER PT J AU Huber, RD Mignogna, RB Simmonds, KE Schechter, RS Delsanto, PP AF Huber, RD Mignogna, RB Simmonds, KE Schechter, RS Delsanto, PP TI Dynamic full-field visualization of ultrasound interacting with material defects: Experiment and simulation SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE visualization; parallel processing; computation; ultrasound; photoelasticity AB Full-field visualization of ultrasound interacting with a material defect allows the dynamic stress (strain) held to be investigated. Many real materials and structures contain defects such as voids, inclusions and cracks throughout their volume which affect the ultrasound propagating past or through the defects. Understanding the interaction of the ultrasound with these defects is critical to interpreting the received signals in an ultrasonic test. A numerical simulation has been developed based on parallel computer processing. The importance of the numerical simulation is in its capability to model very complex geometries and material property variation. However, validation and fine tuning require comparison of the model to experiment. An experimental apparatus permitting visualization and digitization of ultrasound in transparent media is used to obtain images that are compared to images generated using the parallel simulation. The experimental apparatus is based on optical birefringence, i.e. photoelasticity. A description of the experimental apparatus and the model are given, along with images obtained from a glass matrix with a void and two different solid inclusions. The described comparisons appear to be quite good, but are qualitative at the current time. Quantitative comparison of experiment to simulation is the goal of this work. C1 USN, RES LAB, DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. POLITECN TORINO, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, INFM, I-10129 TURIN, ITALY. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(96)00089-3 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WU130 UT WOS:A1997WU13000002 ER PT J AU Binari, SC Redwing, JM Kelner, G Kruppa, W AF Binari, SC Redwing, JM Kelner, G Kruppa, W TI AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on SiC substrates SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE high electron mobility transistors; silicon carbide ID GAN AB The fabrication and characterisation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on SIC substrates are described. These devices have a transconductance of 70 mS/mm and a gate breakdown voltage in excess of 100V. The HEMTs have a hard pinch-off with nearly ideal subthreshold characteristics. An f(T) of 6GHz and and f(max) of 11GHz were measured for 1 mu m gate length devices. C1 ADV TECHNOL MAT INC,DANBURY,CT 06810. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 11 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 242 EP 243 DI 10.1049/el:19970122 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA WT996 UT WOS:A1997WT99600051 ER PT J AU Cheek, GT OGrady, WE AF Cheek, GT OGrady, WE TI Redox behavior of the nickel oxide electrode system: Quartz crystal microbalance studies SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nickel oxide electrode; quartz crystal microbalance; redox behavior ID X-RAY ABSORPTION; THIN AB The electrochemical reactions occurring in the nickel oxide electrode system have been studied with the quartz crystal microbalance. Following cathodic deposition from nickel sulfate solutions, alpha-nickel hydroxide films were cycled in 1.0M alkali metal hydroxide solutions. The oxidation process produced frequency decreases in these solutions, indicating a corresponding increase in mass in the electrode layer. Upon subsequent reduction, a return to the initial frequency value was observed. These shifts ranged from a relatively small change for lithium hydroxide to progressively larger shifts as the cation size increased. It is clear from these results that alkali metal cations are being taken up into the electrode structure during oxidation. A mechanism based upon a net 1.7 electron oxidation has been proposed, involving predominant oxidation of nickel from the +2 to the +4 state as indicated by recent EXAFS studies. The mechanism is consistent with the quartz crystal microbalance data provided that alkali metal cations enter, and water molecules leave, the electrode during oxidation. beta-Nickel hydroxide films were prepared by contacting alpha-Ni(OH)(2) films with hot 8M KOH. Cycling these films in 1.0M alkali hydroxide solutions gave frequency changes which were positive for the lighter cations and negative for the heavier ones, in contrast to the results for alpha-Ni(OH)(2) films. Cation uptake during oxidation is also occurring in this case; however, a small but significant amount of water is also expelled, producing the observed frequency response. The mechanism in this case also involves some oxidation to the +4 state, as shown by XANES studies. C1 USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JAN 30 PY 1997 VL 421 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(96)04821-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA WW942 UT WOS:A1997WW94200024 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Teer, EJ Duran, RS AF Roberts, MJ Teer, EJ Duran, RS TI Measurement of line tension from cell coalescence events in a Langmuir film SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID MONOLAYER; DOMAINS AB Epifluorescence microscopy was used to examine Langmuir films of an alkoxy-substituted (phenylene acetylene-pyridine acetylene) polymer. The polymer was observed to form microscopic two-dimensional emulsion-like cellular network morphologies after treatment by a simple processing procedure. Cell coalescence was found to be an important process in the evolution of the cellular network. As observed under the microscope, cell coalescence is similar to the bursting of a soap bubble. An estimate of the line tension was made using an analogue of an equation developed by Culick and others to describe the rim velocity of a bursting soap bubble. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,CTR MACROMOL SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USN,AIR WEAP DEV CTR,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT CHEM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 30 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 5 BP 699 EP 701 DI 10.1021/jp953163w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WL110 UT WOS:A1997WL11000001 ER PT J AU Axley, MJ Fairman, R Yanchunas, J Villafranca, JJ Robertson, JG AF Axley, MJ Fairman, R Yanchunas, J Villafranca, JJ Robertson, JG TI Spectroscopic properties of Escherichia coli UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SUBSTRATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PREDICTION; BINDING; FLAVIN AB Purified uridine diphosphate N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.158) was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) and UV-visible spectroscopy to establish the spectral properties of its tightly bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. The polypeptide backbone displayed a single circular dichroic minimum at 208 nm and a single maximum at 193 nm. The CD spectrum of bound flavin exhibited a single major negative Cotton peak at 364 nm and two minor negative Cotton peaks at 464 and 495 nm, The protein was reversibly unfolded in 9.8 M urea and refolded in buffer in the presence of excess FAD, The refolded enzyme incorporated FAD and catalyzed full activity. The bound FAD displayed an absorption maximum at 464 nm with an extinction coefficient of epsilon(464) = 11700 M(-1) cm(-1). Anaerobic reduction with dithionite was complete at 1 equiv. Anaerobic reduction with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH), also was essentially complete at 1 equiv and produced a long-wavelength absorbance band characteristic of an FAD-pyridine nucleotide charge transfer complex. Photochemical bleaching in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed exponential kinetics, None of the anaerobic reductive titrations produced a spectral intermediate characteristic of a flavin semiquinone, and all reduced enzyme species could be fully reoxidized by oxygen, with full recovery of catalytic activity. Photochemically reduced enzyme was reoxidized by titration with either NADP(+) or uridine diphospho N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvate (UNAGEP), Reoxidation by NADP(+) reached a chemical equilibrium, whereas reoxidation by UNAGEP was stoichiometric. Binding of NADP(+) or UNAGEP to the oxidized form of the enzyme produced a dead-end complex that could be titrated by following a 10-nm red shift in the absorption spectrum of the bound FAD. The K-d Of NADP(+) for oxidized enzyme was 0.7 +/- 0.3 mu M and the K-d Of UNAGEP was 2.7 +/- 0.3 mu M Solvent deuterium isotope effects on binding were observed for both NADP(+) and UNAGEP, depending on the pH. At pH 8.5, the K-H(d)/K-D(d) was 2.2 for NADP(+) and 3.9 for UNAGEP. No spectral changes were observed in the presence of a 40-fold excess of uridine diphospho N-acetylmuramic acid (UNAM) either aerobically or anaerobically. These studies have identified spectral signals for five steps in the kinetic mechanism, have indicated that product formation is essentially irreversible, and have indicated that hydrogen bonding or protonation contributes significantly to ground-state complex formation with the physiological substrate. C1 BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB PHARMACEUT RES INST,DIV MACROMOL STRUCT,ENZYMOL LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20889. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 28 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 812 EP 822 DI 10.1021/bi962260s PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WF070 UT WOS:A1997WF07000017 PM 9020779 ER PT J AU Debrestian, DJ Lumpe, JD Shettle, EP Bevilacqua, RM Olivero, JJ Hornstein, JS Glaccum, W Rusch, DW Randall, CE Fromm, MD AF Debrestian, DJ Lumpe, JD Shettle, EP Bevilacqua, RM Olivero, JJ Hornstein, JS Glaccum, W Rusch, DW Randall, CE Fromm, MD TI An analysis of POAM II solar occultation observations of polar mesospheric clouds in the southern hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Noctilucent Cloud Workshop CY JUN 30-JUL 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; PARTICLE-SIZE; CLIMATOLOGY; SUMMER AB The second Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (FOAM II) instrument is a space-borne visible/near IR photometer which uses the solar occultation technique to measure vertical profiles of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor as well as aerosol extinction and atmospheric temperature in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. Here we report on the detection of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) in the high-latitude southern hemisphere by FOAM II during the 1993 and 1994 summer seasons. These measurements are noteworthy because they are the first measurements of PMCs in atmospheric extinction. The POAM II PMC data,set has been analyzed using a simple geometric cloud model. We find that mean cloud altitudes deduced from these data are 82-83 km, consistent with previous ground-based and satellite measurements. In addition, the 0.7 km vertical resolution of FOAM II allows for accurate determination of cloud thickness. For the PMCs detected by FOAM II we find a mean thickness of 2.4 km. The mean peak slant optical depth was determined to be 1.2 x 10(-3) for the 1993 season and 1.8 x 10(-3) for the 1994 season, corresponding to a cloud extinction coefficient of 3.9 x 10(-6) and 6.1 x 10(-6) km(-1), respectively. The multichannel capability of POAM II also makes it possible to study the wavelength dependence of the measured slant optical depth for the clouds with largest extinction. The results of this analysis suggest an upper limit to the modal particle radii for these clouds of approximately 70 nm. C1 APPL RES CORP, LANDOVER, MD 20875 USA. EMORY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV, DEPT PHYS SCI, DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114 USA. UNIV COLORADO, ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NRL, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Debrestian, DJ (reprint author), COMPUTAT PHYS INC, 2750 PROSPER AVE 600, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D2 BP 1971 EP 1981 DI 10.1029/96JD01916 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE650 UT WOS:A1997WE65000022 ER PT J AU Kinzer, RL Jung, GV Gruber, DE Matteson, JL Peterson, LE AF Kinzer, RL Jung, GV Gruber, DE Matteson, JL Peterson, LE TI Diffuse cosmic gamma radiation measured by HEAO 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; instrumentation, detectors; gamma rays, observations space vehicles ID X-RAY; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; SPECTRUM; GALAXIES; 3-KEV; CRAB AB The High Energy Astronomical Observatory 1 (HEAO 1) contained as one of its instruments the UCSD/MIT hard X-ray and gamma-ray instrument, a complex of actively shielded scintillation counters that operated over the nominal 10 keV to 10 MeV range. The two medium-energy detectors (MEDs) employed in this investigation covered the range 80 keV-2 MeV, had a geometrical area of 43 cm(2), and were collimated to a circular held of view of 17 degrees FWHM. During a period of operation starting in 1978 April, these detectors were operated in a manner designed to provide a precise measure of the diffuse cosmic background gamma-ray flux. Previous measurements of the spectrum in this range were not of sufficient precision to distinguish between various models explaining the hard X-ray background either as an ensemble of discrete sources or due to a global effect at cosmological distances. The detectors could be alternately blocked or unblocked with a moveable shutter of CsI, which could be operated in an active anticoincidence mode or as a passive shield. Data taken in these various modes and analyzed with respect to the varying radiation environment of the 23 degrees inclination 400 km circular orbit permitted separation of various background effects that have plagued previous measurements of this radiation using scintillation spectrometers. Over the similar to 80-400 keV band, systematic errors were small and correctable, with a resulting spectrum fitted by a power law of dN/dE = (2.62 +/- 0.05) x 10(-3)(E/100 keV)(-(27.75+/-0.08) photons cm(-2) s(-1) keV(-1) sr(-1). This fit, in general agreement with previous results in this energy range, joins smoothly with measurements at lower energies, and when extrapolated to higher energies, it agrees with the recently reported COMPTEL results at energies above 2 MeV obtained on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The accompanying demonstration of the experimental difficulties associated with scintillation spectrometer measurements of the diffuse cosmic background provides significant clarification of the observational status of this important measurement. When account is taken of measurements with possible local background estimation uncertainties, the spectrum between similar to 200 keV and similar to 50 MeV appears more simplified than previous estimates. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RP Kinzer, RL (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, 4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 475 IS 1 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1086/303507 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WD179 UT WOS:A1997WD17900036 ER PT J AU Ergma, E Lundgren, SC Cordes, JM AF Ergma, E Lundgren, SC Cordes, JM TI A millisecond pulsar progenitor to an ultracompact low-mass X-ray binary SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars, individual (PSR J0751+1807); binaries, general; stars, evolution; white dwarfs; X-rays, stars; accretion, accretion disks ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; 4U 1820-30; EVOLUTION; PERIOD; RADIATION AB With a pulsar timing baseline of 10 years, the orbital period decay due to gravitational radiation will be measurable for the recently discovered short orbital period millisecond pulsar PSR J0751+1807. This is the first white dwarf-neutron star binary system with an orbit compact enough for such a measurement to be possible. The cooling age of the white dwarf in this system will be impossible to measure due to the possible effect of heating by the pulsar emission. After 7 billion years of orbital decay, when the orbital period reaches about 5 minutes, PSR J0751+1807 will enter an ultracompact low-mass X-ray binary phase. Its predicted observational X-ray parameters are very similar to the ultracompact low-mass X-ray binary 1820-303. The ultimate fate of the system after Roche lobe overflow is unknown. One possibility is that the companion may eventually tidally disrupt, leaving a disk of material that could form into planets. C1 USN, RES LAB, REMOTE SENSING DIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. CORNELL UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP Ergma, E (reprint author), TARTU STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, YLIKOOLI 18, EE-2400 TARTU, ESTONIA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 475 IS 1 BP L29 EP L32 DI 10.1086/310448 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WD181 UT WOS:A1997WD18100008 ER PT J AU Phillips, EH AF Phillips, EH TI F/A-18E/F meets flight test goals SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Phillips, EH (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 3 BP 54 EP & PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WD777 UT WOS:A1997WD77700029 ER PT J AU Brogniez, C Lenoble, J Ramananaherisoa, R Fricke, KH Shettle, EP Hoppel, KW Bevilacqua, RM Hornstein, JS Lumpe, J Fromm, MD Krigman, SS AF Brogniez, C Lenoble, J Ramananaherisoa, R Fricke, KH Shettle, EP Hoppel, KW Bevilacqua, RM Hornstein, JS Lumpe, J Fromm, MD Krigman, SS TI Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Midlatitude Experiment campaign: Correlative measurements of aerosol in the northern polar atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ozone in the Lower Stratosphere CY 1995 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE SP European Commiss DG XII, WMO, NASA, NOAA, IOC, SPARC, LAP ID GAS EXPERIMENT-II; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; OZONE HOLE; RETRIEVAL; PROFILES AB The stratospheric aerosol layer in the Arctic winter was studied by three independent, height-resolving, optical techniques close in space and time on February 2, 1994, above northern Scandinavia. The balloon-borne Radiometre Ballon (RADIBAL) experiment measured altitude profiles of the radiance and polarization of scattered sunlight at two wavelengths: a ground-based lidar measured vertical backscatter ratio profiles at one wavelength and the satellite-borne Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II solar occultation instrument measured atmospheric extinction at nine wavelengths. From the RADIBAL data the mode radius and variance of the aerosol size distribution are derived as well as the particle refractive index. This size distribution is used to convert the lidar backscatter ratio to an extinction coefficient. The POAM II aerosol extinction coefficients are derived under the assumption that the spectral dependence of the aerosol optical depth follows a quadratic law at all altitudes. This quadratic dependence is used to deduce the mode radius and variance of the aerosol size distribution and to interpolate the POAM data to the wavelengths of the other two instruments. In the common altitude range of measurements errors and the temporal and spatial variability of the aerosol layer. The geographic area of measurements was outside the polar vortex on that day. The effective aerosol particle radius decreases slightly with increasing altitude from 0.40 mu m at 16 km to 0.25 mu m at 22 km and the effective variance ranges from 0.15 to 0.25. The mean refractive index is 1.44 at 850 nm, which is compatible with a 75%-sulfuric acid-water aerosol. The aerosol number densities decrease from 5 to 1 cm(-3) over the 16- to 22-km altitude range and the surface area density decreases from 5 to less than 1 mu m(2) cm(-3) over the same altitude range. C1 UNIV BONN, INST PHYS, D-53115 BONN, GERMANY. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. COMPUTAT PHYS INC, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA. RP Brogniez, C (reprint author), UNIV SCI & TECH LILLE FLANDRES ARTOIS, OPT ATMOSPHER LAB, F-59655 VILLENEUVE DASCQ, FRANCE. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D1 BP 1489 EP 1494 DI 10.1029/96JD02365 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE445 UT WOS:A1997WE44500027 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DA Blanco, MA Smith, FP AF Kidwell, DA Blanco, MA Smith, FP TI Cocaine detection in a university population by hair analysis and skin swab testing SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Meeting of the Society-of-Hair-Testing CY JUN 17-19, 1996 CL GENOA, ITALY SP Soc Hair Testing DE hair; sweat; cocaine; benzoylecgonine; DUI ID DRUG-USE; URINE AB The ability to detect cocaine use/exposure by either hair or sweat analysis was compared in a random population of adults at a major US university. Sweat was obtained by wiping the forehead with a cosmetic puff containing isopropanol. Using cut-off levels for sweat of 2.2 ng cocaine/wipe and of hair of 0.05 ng cocaine/mg hair, sweat detected two times more cocaine use/exposure than did hair. Sweat analysis detected a use rate of 12% compared to a 6% rate by hair analysis, both greater than the 2% that would be expected in this population. The high rate of detection was surprising and suggests that use of, if not exposure to, cocaine is underreported. Controlled experiments showed that cocaine could remain on the skin for about 3 days after external exposure. At the current state of knowledge, sweat appears to measure both use and exposure. Nevertheless, sweat testing could be used in several scenarios (such as roadside driving while intoxicated) where the ease of collection and testing of sweat could outweigh the passive exposure considerations. Cocaine concentrations in skin swabs > 15ng/swab would appear to indicate recent use/exposure. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT JUSTICE SCI,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. RP Kidwell, DA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN 17 PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1-3 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(96)02051-8 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA WG492 UT WOS:A1997WG49200011 PM 9042713 ER PT J AU Orazi, RJ Russell, SD Vu, TT Yu, PKL AF Orazi, RJ Russell, SD Vu, TT Yu, PKL TI UV fine tuning of narrow channel fused fibre wavelength division multiplexing couplers SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical couplers; optical fibre couplers; wavelength division multiplexing ID FIBERS AB The wavelength response of fused fibre wavelength division multiplexers with channel spacings between 8 and 24 nm was altered by exposure to high intensity ultraviolet light. Wavelength shifts are shown to be the result of changes in the index of refraction of the glass in the fused region of the couplers, with effective index of refraction changes in thr illuminated. area estimated to be between 10(-3) and 10(-2). C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Orazi, RJ (reprint author), USN,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RDT&E DIV NRAD,CODE 89,49285 BENNETT ST,RM 110,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 154 EP 155 DI 10.1049/el:19970098 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XL932 UT WOS:A1997XL93200032 ER PT J AU Vohra, ST Danver, B Tveten, A Dandridge, A AF Vohra, ST Danver, B Tveten, A Dandridge, A TI High performance fibre optic accelerometers SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fibre optics sensors; accelerometers ID SENSITIVITY AB The authors report the design and performance of fully packaged, field ruggedised, high performance fibre optic (FO) accelerometers. Appropriate design considerations have resulted in FO accelerometers with many desirable engineering features which include: (i) high sensitivity (>20 dB re rad/g), (ii) low noise (<1 micro-g root Hz at 1 kHz) (iii) broad frequency response (100 Hz to 14 kHz), (iv) low sensitivity io extraneous measurands (e.g. static pressure sensitivity <-200 dB re rad/mu Pa), (v) small size (<35 gms total, and (vi) low cross-axis sensitivity (<-35dB). Single device or arrays of such devices can be incorporated in many structural and vibration sensing applications at low cost. RP Vohra, ST (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,CODE 5674,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1049/el:19970087 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XL932 UT WOS:A1997XL93200033 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Rabbany, SY AF Selinger, JV Rabbany, SY TI Theory of heterogeneity in displacement reactions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB We investigate the effects ufa heterogeneous distribution of affinity constants on association/dissociation and displacement reactions. Through a theoretical analysis, we show that the low-concentration limit of the reaction isotherm depends exclusively on the high-affinity tail of the distribution, If the high-affinity tail decays rapidly, the reaction follows the standard Langmuir isotherm, However, if the high-affinity tail decays slowly, the form of the isotherm crosses over to the Sips isotherm. The threshold for this crossover is different fur association/dissociation and displacement reactions, These results have broad implications for the assessment of heterogeneity in displacement assays. C1 USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. HOFSTRA UNIV,BIOENGN PROGRAM,HEMPSTEAD,NY 11550. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.1021/ac960678q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WC045 UT WOS:A1997WC04500008 ER PT J AU Rabbany, SY Piervincenzi, R Judd, L Kusterbeck, AW Bredehorst, R Hakansson, K Ligler, FS AF Rabbany, SY Piervincenzi, R Judd, L Kusterbeck, AW Bredehorst, R Hakansson, K Ligler, FS TI Assessment of heterogeneity in antibody-antigen displacement reactions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-IMMOBILIZED ANTIGEN; FLOW IMMUNOASSAY; BINDING; PROTEIN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; AFFINITY; KINETICS AB The intrinsic binding characteristics of monoclonal antibodies are modified upon immobilization onto a solid-phase matrix, Factors such as the distribution in affinity must therefore be taken into consideration in order to predict the kinetics of antibody binding at solid-liquid interfaces, A mathematical analysis is presented herein that allows the assessment of heterogeneity in the affinity of monoclonal antibodies immobilized onto a solid support, This model is based on a modified version of the Sips distribution function adapted to the conditions of a solid-phase displacement assay in now. An assay for trinitrotoluene (TNT) provides the data to evaluate the extent of heterogeneity introduced by immobilization of antibodies in a flow immunoassay. We determined the index of antibody heterogeneity on two solid supports, controlled-pore glass beads and agarose beads, coated with a monoclonal anti-TNT antibody at varying densities. The data confirm that the threshold for crossover from homogeneous to heterogeneous forms of the reaction isotherm is different in displacement reactions than in association-dissociation reactions. Our analysis shows that the measured displacement isotherm is consistent with a homogeneous or only moderately heterogenous distribution of relative affinities. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744. USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV HAMBURG,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,D-20146 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RP Rabbany, SY (reprint author), HOFSTRA UNIV,BIOENGN PROGRAM,HEMPSTEAD,NY 11550, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1021/ac960680h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WC045 UT WOS:A1997WC04500009 PM 8997894 ER PT J AU Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Antoszewski, J Faraone, L AF Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Antoszewski, J Faraone, L TI Quantitative mobility spectrum analysis of multicarrier conduction in semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOTRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION AB We demonstrate an optimized quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) technique for determining free electron and hole densities and mobilities from magnetic-field-dependent Hall and resistivity data. The procedure is applied to an In1-xGaxAs-In1-xAlxAs single quantum well, GaAs-AlAs asymmetric double quantum wells, and Hg1-xCdxTe epitaxial thin films containing multiple carrier species. The results illustrate the reliability, versatility, and sensitivity of the analysis, which is fully computer automated following input of the magnetic-field-dependent data. QMSA is found to be a suitable standard tool for the routine electrical characterization of semiconductor material and device transport properties. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,NEDLANDS,WA 6907,AUSTRALIA. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5610,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 7 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.1063/1.364211 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WD716 UT WOS:A1997WD71600023 ER PT J AU Kemner, KM Idzerda, YU Harris, VG Chakarian, V Elam, WT Kao, CC Johnson, E Feng, YC Laughlin, DE Chen, CT Lee, KB Lodder, JC AF Kemner, KM Idzerda, YU Harris, VG Chakarian, V Elam, WT Kao, CC Johnson, E Feng, YC Laughlin, DE Chen, CT Lee, KB Lodder, JC TI Direct observation of Cr magnetic order in CoCrTa and CoCrPt thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL RECORDING MEDIA; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; COMPOSITIONAL INHOMOGENEITIES; FE/CR/FE TRILAYERS; PROCESSING ASPECTS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SEGREGATION; ANISOTROPY AB Magnetic circular dichroism measurements of room temperature, sputter deposited Co86Cr12Ta2 and CoS6Cr12Pt2 films were performed to investigate the local magnetic ordering of the Co and Cr atoms. The results demonstrate that the Cr has a net magnetic moment and that a small fraction of the Cr is magnetically oriented opposite to the Co moment. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. SRRC,HSINCHU 30077,TAIWAN. POHANG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,POHANG 790784,SOUTH KOREA. POHANG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,POHANG ACCELERATED LAB,POHANG 790784,SOUTH KOREA. UNIV TWENTE,MESA RES INST,NL-7500 AE ENSCHEDE,NETHERLANDS. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 1002 EP 1004 DI 10.1063/1.364193 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WD716 UT WOS:A1997WD71600069 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Jernigan, G AF Somorjai, GA Jernigan, G TI Carbon monoxide oxidation over three different oxidation states of copper: Metallic copper, copper (I) oxide, and copper (II) oxide - A surface science and kinetic study - Response SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Letter C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,SOLID STATE DEVICES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,D58 HILDEBRAND HALL 1460,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 165 IS 2 BP 284 EP 284 DI 10.1006/jcat.1997.1529 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA WE840 UT WOS:A1997WE84000017 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Ngai, KL AF Roland, CM Ngai, KL TI Short-time viscous and density relaxation in glycerol and ortho-terphenyl SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-GLASS TRANSITION; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ALPHA-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS; POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR AB Coupling model analyses of short-time relaxation data of glycerol from quasielastic neutron scattering and ortho-terphenyl (OTP) by molecular dynamic simulation are shown to account for both the time dependence of the correlation function and its temperature dependence. The latter is expressible over a limited temperature range as an Arrhenius relation with an apparent activation energy for the fast alpha-relaxation process, with E(A) = 6.2 and 3.9 kcal/mol for glycerol and OTP, respectively. The viscosities of these glass formers have also been measured up to temperatures sufficiently high that the mean viscosity relaxation time, [tau(n)(T)], becomes short, approaching the crossover time, t(c) approximate to 2 ps, of the coupling model. When this condition is realized, [tau(n)(T)] becomes comparable to tau(D)(T) in both magnitude and temperature dependence. Hence, the asymptotic high temperature activation energy of [tau(eta)(T)] approximately equals the apparent activation energy of tau(D). The experimental data, supporting this connection between macroscopic variables such as viscosity and microscopic dynamics from neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation, indicate the significance of the fast cr-relaxation process in both fragile and strong liquids. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1187 EP 1190 DI 10.1063/1.473215 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WD070 UT WOS:A1997WD07000034 ER PT J AU Batteen, ML AF Batteen, ML TI Wind-forced modeling studies of currents, meanders, and eddies in the California Current system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL TRANSITION ZONE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MESOSCALE EDDIES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; GENERAL CIRCULATION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; VANCOUVER ISLAND; SATELLITE; DRIVEN; JETS AB This process-oriented study of the California Current system (CCS) uses a high-resolution, multilevel, primitive equation ocean model on a beta plane to isolate the response of that eastern boundary oceanic regime to temporal and spatially varying wind forcing. To study the generation, evolution, and maintenance of many of the observed features such as currents, meanders, and eddies In the CCS, the model is forced from rest with seasonal climatological winds. In response to the prevailing wind direction, surface equatorward currents develop, along with upwelling of cooler water along the coast and a poleward undercurrent. Baroclinic/barotropic instabilities in the equatorward surface current and poleward undercurrent result in the generation of meanders near the coast. As the meanders intensify, cold upwelling filaments develop along the coast and subsequently extend farther offshore. In time, the meanders form both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, which subsequently propagate farther offshore. Longer simulation times (similar to 3-4 years), in which a quasi-equilibrium state for the CCS is reached, show a seasonal cycle in response to the wind forcing for the coastal currents, upwelling, and filaments. The meanders and eddies, however, can be quasi-permanent as well as seasonal features. The quasi-permanent features play a significant role in modifying coastal currents, upwelling, and filaments, which leads to large temporal and spatial variability in the CCS. In a sensitivity study, the results from several numerical experiments are used to examine the dependence of the generation of the currents, meanders, and eddies on the type of Coriolis parameterization, wind forcing, and coastline geometry. Both the meridional variability off (beta plane) and the alongshore component of the wind stress are shown to be key ingredients for generating realistic vertical and horizontal structures for the cores of the surface equatorward and the subsurface poleward currents. With such structures the currents are baroclinically and barotropically unstable, resulting in the generation of meanders, filaments, and eddies. Irregularities in the coastline geometry are shown to be important for "anchoring" upwelling and filaments as well as for enhancing the growth of meanders and eddies. Cyclonic eddies tend to form in the vicinity of capes, while anticyclonic eddies tend to form in the coastal indentations between capes. The region off Cape Blanco is identified as the location where the coastal, equatorward flow off Oregon leaves the coast to develop a meandering jet off California. The results from these experiments support the hypothesis that wind forcing and coastline irregularities on a beta plane are important mechanisms for the generation of many of the observed features of the CCS. RP USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT OCEANOG, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 55 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C1 BP 985 EP 1010 DI 10.1029/96JC02803 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA WC950 UT WOS:A1997WC95000007 ER PT J AU Spiel, DE AF Spiel, DE TI A hypothesis concerning the peak in film drop production as a function of bubble size SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AIR BUBBLES; BURSTING BUBBLES; WATER SURFACES; JET DROPS; SEAWATER; SEA AB A hypothesis is advanced to explain the peak in film drop production as a function of bubble size observed by Blanchard and Syzdek [1988]. Evidence is presented that for bubble diameters less than about 3 mm, bubble films do not disintegrate but roll up, forming a toroidal ring that gains mass as it advances toward the film edge. It is suggested that film drops are created when this rolled-up mass ''hits'' the edge of the film and hypothesized that the peak in production arises because of a competition between an increase in the mass of the rolled-up toroid and a decrease in its speed as bubble size increases. In this scenario the location of the break in the film is an important parameter. Measurements of this break point are provided. The theory provides an estimate of the bubble size dependence of the number and size of the film drops. The predicted number of droplets per bubble is less and the droplet sizes are larger than the values reported by Blanchard and Syzdek. The theory uses one adjustable parameter that fits the onset of film drop production observed by Blanchard and Syzdek and, in so doing, glosses over the complexities of the toroid impact with the film edge. The possibility that some ''film'' drops are perhaps, in reality, jet drops generated by bubbles created by film drop impacts with the water's surface is advanced. RP Spiel, DE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C1 BP 1153 EP 1161 DI 10.1029/96JC03069 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA WC950 UT WOS:A1997WC95000017 ER PT J AU Eashoo, M Buckley, LJ StClair, AK AF Eashoo, M Buckley, LJ StClair, AK TI Fibers from a low dielectric constant fluorinated polyimide: Solution spinning and morphology control SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coagulation; low dielectric constant; fiber; miscibility; morphology; solution spinning; polyimide; precipitation strength ID PERFORMANCE AB Control of the internal morphology of wet-spun fibers from a fluorinated polyimide has been achieved by varying the rate of polymer coagulation through adjustments in nonsolvent/ solvent miscibility and precipitation strength of the coagulation bath. Filament internal morphologies ranged from very porous or sponge-like to fully solid. Intermediate structures included fibers containing a spongy core with a nonporous skin, sponge-like fibers containing large voids, and a relatively solid material containing randomly spaced small voids. The cross-sectional shape of the fiber is dependent upon the coagulation process as well as the volume contraction of the initial extrudate. Drawn fibers (3X) retained the original as-spun cross-sectional shape and also lost porosity. Mechanical properties of poly(6FDA-4BDAF) fibers have an inverse relationship to filament porosity. Maximum modulus and break strength for drawn fibers is approximately 6 GPa and 200 MPa, respectively. As-spun mechanical properties were dependent upon the processing conditions and have moduli between 0.4-3.0 Cpa and break strengths of 10-160 MPa. A dielectric constant of 2.50 for nonporous films was measured over a frequency range between 1.0 MHz to 1.8 GHz, showing little dispersion. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV MAT,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19970115)35:1<173::AID-POLB15>3.0.CO;2-A PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA VZ964 UT WOS:A1997VZ96400015 ER PT J AU Thompson, WT Williams, RT AF Thompson, WT Williams, RT TI Numerical simulations of maritime frontogenesis SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL MARINE CYCLONE; COLD-FRONT; BAROCLINIC WAVES; LIFE-CYCLE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; OCEAN; MESOSCALE; EVOLUTION AB A hydrostatic primitive equation model initialized ina highly baroclinically unstable state was used to simulate maritime cyclogenesis and frontogenesis. In order to identify boundary layer physical processes important in maritime frontogenesis, several different simulations were performed. In an effort to isolate impacts due solely to the boundary layer, moist processes were not included. An adiabatic and inviscid simulation provided the control for these experiments. Two different boundary layer parameterizations were used: a K-theory parameterization featuring Richardson-number-dependent eddy diffusivity and a second-order closure scheme with prognostic equations for the turbulence quantities. Results indicated that strong warm and cold fronts formed in the adiabatic and inviscid case but that the vertical motion fields were weak. In the K-theory simulation, the results were somewhat more realistic with stronger vertical motion. In both the K-theory and second-order closure simulations, the boundary layer in the cold air was highly unstable and deep mixed layers formed in this region with a large generation of turbulence. The largest cross-front temperature gradients existed in the frontal zone above the mixed layer. These structures were in qualitative agreement with observations of maritime cold fronts over the northwest Pacific Ocean. The second-order closure simulations produced a shallower mixed layer in the cold air with a stronger, more narrow front and large vertical motion. These simulations were more consistent with observations. Results from the second-order closure simulations demonstrated that turbulent mixing of momentum was critical in reproducing the frontogenetic (and frontolytic) effects of the transverse secondary circulation. C1 USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT METEOROL, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, RES LAB, MARINE METEOROL DIV, 7 GRACE HOPPER AVE, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 2 BP 314 EP 331 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0314:NSOMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ819 UT WOS:A1997WJ81900004 ER PT J AU Yu, WY Salib, MS Petrou, A Jonker, BT Warnock, J AF Yu, WY Salib, MS Petrou, A Jonker, BT Warnock, J TI Band alignment in ZnSe/Zn1-x-yCdxMnySe quantum-well structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We present a magneto-optical study of ZnSe/Zn1-x-yCdxMnySe quantum-well structures' in which a suitable choice of the Cd composition leads to a system that is type I at zero magnetic field. When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the layers of the structure, the band edges split in such a way as to make the upper sigma(-)(+1/2, +3/2) exciton transition type II, while the ground state sigma(+) (-1/2,-3/2) exciton component remains type I at all field values. This alignment reduces the probability for carrier relaxation from the higher-energy exciton component and opens the possibility of hole-spin population inversion via optical pumping. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. RP Yu, WY (reprint author), SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT PHYS,BUFFALO,NY 14260, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1602 EP 1606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.1602 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF303 UT WOS:A1997WF30300056 ER PT J AU Deisz, JJ Hess, DW Serene, JW AF Deisz, JJ Hess, DW Serene, JW TI Vertex symmetry and the asymptotic frequency dependence of the self-energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD-MODEL; CONSERVING APPROXIMATIONS; ELECTRON-SYSTEMS AB We show that the exact 1/epsilon(n) dependence of the self-energy for the Hubbard model for large epsilon(n) is obtained entirely from the second-order skeleton diagram evaluated with the exact propagator. Explicit calculation demonstrates that contributions from higher-order skeleton diagrams cancel exactly as a consequence of the crossing symmetry of the renormalized four-point vertex function. From an analysis of the skeleton diagram expansion and direct numerical calculation, we show that an imperfect cancellation of contributions from higher-order skeleton diagrams appears at third and fourth order in U for the shielded potential approximation and the fluctuation exchange approximation, respectively. By itself, this indication of crossing symmetry violation of the vertex function says little about the accuracy of the resulting self-energy and propagator, particularly at low frequency. C1 USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Deisz, JJ (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20057, USA. OI Serene, Joseph/0000-0002-3233-2531 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2089 EP 2094 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.2089 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF124 UT WOS:A1997WF12400031 ER PT J AU Bacalis, NC Anagnostopoulos, GF Papanicolaou, NI Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Bacalis, NC Anagnostopoulos, GF Papanicolaou, NI Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Electronic structure of ordered and disordered Cu-Ag alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COHERENT-POTENTIAL-APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY; METALS; STATES; AU; CU3AU AB We present a study of the electronic structure of Cu-Ag alloys. This work includes total-energy evaluations, band structure, and density of states (DOS) determinations using the augmented-plane-wave method for the L1(2), B1, and B2 structures. We also study the corresponding disordered phases of these alloys by the tight-binding coherent potential approximation. Our results confirm the B2 and L1(2) (Cu reach) as the stable structures of these systems. We compare the DOS with experiment and other calculations, and confirm the absence of both magnetism and superconductivity in these alloys. Finally we estimate charge transfer for these alloys from Cu to Ag. C1 UNIV IOANNINA,DEPT PHYS,GR-45110 IOANNINA,GREECE. USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Bacalis, NC (reprint author), NATL HELLEN RES FDN,INST THEORET & PHYS CHEM,VAS CONSTANTINOU 48,GR-11635 ATHENS,GREECE. RI Bacalis, Naoum/G-5327-2013 OI Bacalis, Naoum/0000-0002-9565-0414 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2144 EP 2149 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.2144 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF124 UT WOS:A1997WF12400036 ER PT J AU Kallinteris, GC Papanicolaou, NI Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Kallinteris, GC Papanicolaou, NI Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Tight-binding interatomic potentials based on total-energy calculation: Application to noble metals using molecular-dynamics simulation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; TRANSITION-METALS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SURFACE; COPPER; DEFECTS; ALLOYS; STRAIN; MODEL AB We present an alternate approach to parametrizing the expression for the total energy of solids within the second-moment approximation (SMA) of the tight-binding theory. In order to obtain the necessary parameters, we do not use the experimental values of the lattice constant, the elastic constants, and the cohesive energy, but we fit to the total energy obtained from first-principles augmented-plane-wave calculations as a function of volume. In addition, we shift the total-energy graphs uniformly so that at the minimum they give the experimental value of the cohesive energy. We have applied the above methodology to perform molecular-dynamics simulations of the noble metals. For Cu and Ag our results for vacancy formation energies, relaxed surface energies, phonon spectra, and various temperature-dependent quantities are of comparable accuracy to those found by the standard SMA, which is based on fitting to several measured data. However, our approach does not seem to work as well for Au. C1 USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Kallinteris, GC (reprint author), UNIV IOANNINA,DEPT PHYS,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 1186,GR-45110 IOANNINA,GREECE. NR 45 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2150 EP 2156 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.2150 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF124 UT WOS:A1997WF12400037 ER PT J AU Jackson, K Pederson, MR Porezag, D Hajnal, Z Frauenheim, T AF Jackson, K Pederson, MR Porezag, D Hajnal, Z Frauenheim, T TI Density-functional-based predictions of Raman and IR spectra for small Si clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON CLUSTERS; MOLECULES; FULLERENE; POLARIZABILITIES; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITIES AB We have used a density-functional-based approach to study the response of silicon clusters to applied electric fields. For the dynamical response, we have calculated the Raman activities and infrared (IR) intensities for all of the vibrational modes of several clusters (Si-N with N=3-8, 10, 13, 20, and 21) using the local density approximation (LDA). For the smaller clusters (N=3-8) our results are in good agreement with previous quantum-chemical calculations and experimental measurements, establishing that LDA-based IR and Raman data can be used in conjunction with measured spectra to determine the structure of clusters observed in experiment. To illustrate the potential of the method for larger clusters, we present calculated IR and Raman data for two low-energy isomers of Si-10 and for the lowest-energy structure of Si-13 found to date. For the static response, we compare our calculated polarizabilities for N=10, 13, 20, and 21 to recent experimental measurements. The calculated results are in rough agreement with experiment, but show less variation with cluster size than the measurements. Taken together, our results show that LDA calculations can offer a powerful means for establishing the structures of experimentally fabricated clusters and nanoscale systems. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. TECH UNIV CHEMNITZ,INST PHYS,D-09009 CHEMNITZ,GERMANY. RP Jackson, K (reprint author), CENT MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MT PLEASANT,MI 48859, USA. RI HAJNAL, Zoltan/B-6385-2008; Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015; OI HAJNAL, Zoltan/0000-0003-1758-4754; Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616; Jackson, Koblar/0000-0002-5342-7978 NR 31 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2549 EP 2555 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.2549 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF124 UT WOS:A1997WF12400080 ER PT J AU Lambrecht, WRL Rashkeev, SN Segall, B LawniczakJablonska, K Suski, T Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH Perera, RCC Rife, JC Grzegory, I Porowski, S Wickenden, DK AF Lambrecht, WRL Rashkeev, SN Segall, B LawniczakJablonska, K Suski, T Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH Perera, RCC Rife, JC Grzegory, I Porowski, S Wickenden, DK TI X-ray absorption, glancing-angle reflectivity, and theoretical study of the N K- and Ga M(2,3)-edge spectra in GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HEXAGONAL GAN; VALENCE-BAND; SPECTROSCOPY; GREEN; ALN AB A comprehensive study of the nitrogen K edge and gallium M(2,3) edge in gallium nitride is presented. Results of two different experimental techniques, x-ray absorption by total photocurrent measurements and glancing-angle x-ray reflectivity, are presented and compared with each other, First-principles calculations of the (polarization averaged) dielectric response epsilon(2)(omega) contributions from the relevant core-level to conduction-band transitions and derived spectral functions are used to interpret the data. These calculations are based on the local density approximation (LDA) and use a muffin-tin orbital basis for the band structure and matrix elements. The angular dependence of the x-ray reflectivity is studied and shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on Fresnel theory and the magnitude of the calculated x-ray optical response functions. The main peaks in the calculated and measured spectra are compared with those in the relevant partial density of conduction-band states. Assignments are made to particular band transitions and corrections to the LDA are discussed. From the analysis of the N K and Ga M(2,3) edges the latter are found to be essentially constant up to similar to 10 eV above the conduction-band minimum. The differences in spectral shape found between the various measurements were shown to be a result of polarization dependence. Since the c axis in all the measurements was normal to the sample surface, p-polarized radiation at glancing angles corresponds to E parallel to c while s polarization corresponds to E perpendicular to e at all incident angles. Thus, this polarization dependence is a result of the intrinsic anisotropy of the wurtzite structure. Spectra on powders which provide an average of both polarizations as well as separate measurements of reflectivity with s polarization and p polarization were used to arrive at this conclusion. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. POLISH ACAD SCI, UNIPRESS, PL-01142 WARSAW, POLAND. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, APPL PHYS LAB, BALTIMORE, MD 20723 USA. PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST, MOSCOW 117924, RUSSIA. POLISH ACAD SCI, INST PHYS, PL-02668 WARSAW, POLAND. RP CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. RI Lambrecht, Walter/O-1083-2016 NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2612 EP 2622 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.2612 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF124 UT WOS:A1997WF12400087 ER PT J AU Davis, J Gondarenko, NA Velikovich, AL AF Davis, J Gondarenko, NA Velikovich, AL TI Fast commutation of high current in double wire array Z-pinch loads SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A dynamic model of multi-MA current commutation in a double wire array Z-pinch load is proposed and studied theoretically. Initially, the load is configured as nested concentric wire arrays, with the current driven through the outer array and imploding it. Once the outer array or the annular plasma shell formed from it approaches the inner array, the imploded plasma might penetrate through the gaps between the wires, but the azimuthal magnetic field is trapped due to both the high conductivity of the inner wires and the inductive coupling between the two parts of the array, causing a rapid switching of the total current to the inner part of the array. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,RADIAT HYDRODYNAM BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 13 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 2 BP 170 EP 172 DI 10.1063/1.118339 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WC058 UT WOS:A1997WC05800010 ER PT J AU Reithmaier, JP Rohner, M Zull, H Schafer, F Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL AF Reithmaier, JP Rohner, M Zull, H Schafer, F Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL TI Size dependence of confined optical modes in photonic quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; BAND-STRUCTURE; MICROCAVITY; CAVITY; LASER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ATOM AB Confined optical modes in semiconductor microcavities with lateral sizes between 5 and 1 mu m have been investigated by optical spectroscopy. In the laterally patterned structures the optical mode spectrum of the vertical cavity splits inter several Lines. With decreasing lateral size the modes shift to higher energies, and the splitting between the modes increases. The observed dot size variation of the optical eigenmodes is in quantitative agreement with numerical calculations of quantized photon states in these three-dimensional optical cavities. C1 CHRISTOPHER NEWPORT UNIV,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Reithmaier, JP (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,D-97074 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 20 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 2 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.378 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WU310 UT WOS:A1997WU31000055 ER PT J AU McNaronBrown, K Johnson, WN Dermer, CD Kurfess, JD AF McNaronBrown, K Johnson, WN Dermer, CD Kurfess, JD TI Time variability detected in the gamma-ray emission of 3C 273 by OSSE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; gamma rays, observations; quasars, individual (3C 273) ID CONTINUUM EMISSION; 3C-273; 3C273; QUASARS; RADIO AB We report results of a 3 week observation of the quasar 3C 273 with the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). During the observation between 1994 August 31 and September 20, 3C 273 exhibited variability on timescales as short as 3-4 days in the 0.05-0.15 MeV energy range. This is the shortest measured variability of 3C 273 in this energy range. The measured flux at 100 keV is 2.40 +/- 0.06 (X10(-2) ph cm(-2) s(-1) MeV(-1)), which is the highest recorded flux for 3C 273 by OSSE in 5 years of monitoring and nearly twice as great as the previously recorded peak flux measured in 1991 June. While the flux varied by a factor of congruent to 1.7, no significant gamma-ray spectral evolution in the OSSE band was observed throughout the viewing period. The data for the full viewing period are described better with a broken power law than a single power law, with photon spectral index Gamma = 1.62 +/- 0.08 below a break at 300 +/- 100 keV, and with a spectral index change of Delta Gamma = 0.9(-0.6)(+1.6):. This break energy is significantly lower than the 1 MeV break reported by Johnson et al. in 1991 June. C1 USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 1997 VL 474 IS 2 BP L85 EP L88 DI 10.1086/310447 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WC500 UT WOS:A1997WC50000003 ER PT J AU Bohle, DS Debrunner, P Fitzgerald, JP Hansert, B Hung, CH Thomson, AJ AF Bohle, DS Debrunner, P Fitzgerald, JP Hansert, B Hung, CH Thomson, AJ TI Electronic origin of variable denitrosylation kinetics from isostructural {FeNO}(7) complexes: X-ray crystal structure of [Fe(oetap)(NO)] SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; IRON PORPHYRINS; ACTIVATION; PHTHALOCYANINES; LIGAND; MODEL AB In contrast to the: nitrosyl derivative of iron(II) octaethylporphyrin [Fe(oep)(NO)], the isostructural octaethyltetraazaporphyrin complex [Fe(oetap)(NO)] exhibits fast ligand-promoted nitric oxide dissociation in the presence of pyridine and N-methylimidazole. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH CHEM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RP Bohle, DS (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT CHEM,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. RI Hung, Chen-Hsiung/B-6638-2013 OI Hung, Chen-Hsiung/0000-0002-8060-348X NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD JAN 7 PY 1997 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WE045 UT WOS:A1997WE04500044 ER PT J AU Sinkovits, RS AF Sinkovits, RS TI Nonequilibrium hydrogen temperatures under diamond chemical vapor deposition conditions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILAMENT ASSISTED DEPOSITION; SPHERE MOLECULAR-MODEL; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; HEAT-TRANSFER; H2 AB Direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations indicate that significant differences can exist between the translational, rotational, and vibrational temperatures of molecular hydrogen under diffusion-dominated diamond chemical vapor deposition conditions. For hydrogen confined in a 1 cm gap between an activating source and a diamond substrate, the largest discrepancies between the translational and rotational temperatures of H-2 occur at a pressure of approximately 2 Torr, but measurable differences persist for pressures exceeding 20 Torr. The observed trends are due to the inefficiency of intermolecular collisions at exciting the internal modes of H-2. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Sinkovits, RS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPUTAT PHYS & FLUID DYNAM LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 DI 10.1063/1.119312 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WA662 UT WOS:A1997WA66200027 ER PT J AU Gregory, P AF Gregory, P TI A faithful job SO HOSPITALS & HEALTH NETWORKS LA English DT Letter RP Gregory, P (reprint author), USN,CHAPLAIN CORPS,PORTSMOUTH,VA 23708, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HOSPITAL PUBL INC PI CHICAGO PA 737 N MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2615 SN 1068-8838 J9 HOSP HEALTH NETWORK JI Hosp. Health Netw. PD JAN 5 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA WC158 UT WOS:A1997WC15800002 ER PT S AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Panel on languages for formal specification of security protocols SO 10TH COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUN 10-12, 1997 CL ROCKPORT, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5543,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6900 BN 0-8186-7991-3 J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 1997 BP 96 EP 96 DI 10.1109/CSFW.1997.596792 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ05M UT WOS:A1997BJ05M00008 ER PT S AU Syverson, PF AF Syverson, PF GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A different look at secure distributed computation SO 10TH COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUN 10-12, 1997 CL ROCKPORT, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc AB We discuss various aspects of secure distributed computation and look at weakening both the goals of such computation and the assumed capabilities of adversaries. We present a new protocol for a conditional form of probabilistic coordination and present a model of secure distributed computation in which friendly and hostile nodes are represented in competing interwoven networks of nodes. It is suggested that reasoning about goals, risks, tradeoffs, etc. for this model be done in a game-theoretic framework. RP Syverson, PF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR HIGH ASSURANCE COMP SYST,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6900 BN 0-8186-7991-3 J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 1997 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1109/CSFW.1997.596797 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ05M UT WOS:A1997BJ05M00010 ER PT S AU Volpano, D Smith, G AF Volpano, D Smith, G GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Eliminating covert flows with minimum typings SO 10TH COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUN 10-12, 1997 CL ROCKPORT, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc AB A type system is given that eliminates two kinds of covert flows in an imperative programming language. The first kind arises from nontermination and the other from partial operations that can raise exceptions. The key idea is to limit the source of nontermination in the language to constructs with minimum typings, and to evaluate partial operations within expression of try commands which also have minimum typings. A mutual progress theorem is proved that basically states that no two executions of a well-typed program can be distinguished on the basis of nontermination versus abnormal termination due to a partial operation. The proof uses a new style of programming language semantics which we call a natural transition semantics. RP Volpano, D (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6900 BN 0-8186-7991-3 J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 1997 BP 156 EP 168 DI 10.1109/CSFW.1997.596807 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ05M UT WOS:A1997BJ05M00015 ER PT B AU Williams, RT Neves, APC Peng, MS Blumen, WC AF Williams, RT Neves, APC Peng, MS Blumen, WC GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Unbalanced frontogenesis with constant potential vorticity SO 11TH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL TACOMA, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), NRL Monterey, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 95 EP 96 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK05U UT WOS:000071010100029 ER PT B AU Commisso, RJ Boller, JR Benage, JF AF Commisso, RJ Boller, JR Benage, JF BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI System study for a possible Atlas radiation option SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB In this paper, we analyze design options for implementing a fuse and a plasma opening switch on the Atlas generator for applications involving radiation production from a Z pinch, Transmission line circuit models of Atlas have been developed that include physics-based electrical models for the opening switches and Z pinch. The kinetic energy of the Atlas imploding Z pinch is calculated for the various design options. The results suggest that the fuse option is inefficient. The plasma opening switch option shows promise, but has scaling issues. This work points out the importance of appropriate values for current limiting resistors when altering the Atlas circuit. These analyses are not complete, but are a starting point from which these design options can be pursued further. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Commisso, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 808 EP 814 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800115 ER PT B AU Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF Weber, BV Commisso, RJ AF Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF Weber, BV Commisso, RJ BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Simulations of the effects of ion space-charge on vacuum power flow in inductive energy store pulsed power systems SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB In this paper we present results from recent particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations regarding power-now between a plasma opening switch (POS) and a bremsstralung diode. A realistic geometry that closely approximates the Decade Module 1 (DM1) was used in conjunction with a switch opening model to simulate power-flow in an inductive energy store pulsed-power system. Several assumptions were made concerning the emission of ions from the high density POS plasma (n similar to 10(15) cm(-3)) and the downstream anode, as well as, the distribution of plasma in the POS-to-load region to assess the role of ion space-charge on the delivery of energy to the diode load. It is found that ion emission from the POS plasma allows a low density plasma (n similar to 10(12) cm(-3)) to propagate down the transmission line between the POS and load at about 1 cm/ns. The simulations also show that a large fraction of the current arrives at the load coincidentally with the arrival of this low density plasma. However, the load currents predicted from simulations are too low to explain the measured radiation on DM1. When ion emission is allowed from the anode between the POS and load, additional electron current can propagate along the anode and into the load. When plasma is placed in the POS-to-load region it is found that current transfer is enhanced by the presence of ion space-charge in the POS-to-load region. The enhancement is evident only in regions where the plasma density is highest and goes away as plasma ions are removed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 875 EP 880 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800127 ER PT B AU Hinshelwood, DD Chrisey, DB Cooperstein, G Fisher, A Horwitz, JS Swanekamp, SB Rose, DV Weber, BV AF Hinshelwood, DD Chrisey, DB Cooperstein, G Fisher, A Horwitz, JS Swanekamp, SB Rose, DV Weber, BV BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Low-voltage, high-current-density electron beam sources SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hinshelwood, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1042 EP 1047 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800156 ER PT B AU Neri, JM Young, FC Boller, JR Fisher, RC Greenly, JG Hinshelwood, DD Jones, TG Oliver, BV Ottinger, PF AF Neri, JM Young, FC Boller, JR Fisher, RC Greenly, JG Hinshelwood, DD Jones, TG Oliver, BV Ottinger, PF BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Design and initial operation of a shallow-focusing, annular, extraction applied-magnetic-field diode SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB A 150-cm(2) applied-magnetic-field diode has been designed and fielded on Gamble IT to produce a focused proton beam for self-pinched ion-beam-transport studies. For a beam divergence of 20 mrad, the diode should focus 200 kA of protons to < 2-cm radius at 70 cm from the anode. The diode is insulated with magnetic-fields from two coils driven by a main current of up to 50 kA and 100-mu s risetime. An opposite-polarity current pulse of 2-ms half-period, prior to the main pulse, is used to position the B-field separatrix near the anode and remove angular momentum from the extracted beam. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Neri, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1351 EP 1356 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800210 ER PT B AU Wang, Q Pan, LL AF Wang, Q Pan, LL GP AMS TI Boundary layer evolution in response to variations of sea surface temperature and wind shear SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700018 ER PT B AU Glendening, JW AF Glendening, JW GP AMS TI Two- and three-dimensional turbulence budgets in the presence of roll-like structures SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Glendening, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7541, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 200 EP 201 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700101 ER PT B AU Burk, SD Haack, T Thompson, WT AF Burk, SD Haack, T Thompson, WT GP AMS TI Interaction of a shallow, supercritical marine boundary layer with steep coastal orography SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 340 EP 341 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700172 ER PT B AU Ostrowski, FF AF Ostrowski, FF GP AMS TI A low profile meteorological buoy for temperature and humidity gradient measurements near the air/sea interface SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Ostrowski, FF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 723,7500 Mac Arthur Blvd W, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 386 EP 387 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700195 ER PT B AU Kang, MH Froscher, JN Moskowitz, IS AF Kang, MH Froscher, JN Moskowitz, IS GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI An architecture for multilevel secure interoperability SO 13TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 08-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Appl Comp Secur Assoc, ACM Special Interest Grp Secur Audit & Control AB As computer systems become distributed and heterogeneous, there is strong movement in the commercial sector to ease the problems of interoperability and security. Many standards have been proposed for these problems. However, the commercial sector has not shown strong interest in providing cost-effective high-assurance multilevel security (MLS) solutions to the relatively small communities (e.g., intelligence military) that require them. In this paper, we introduce a practical, cost-effective, and high-assurance secure solution for multilevel distributed and heterogeneous environments using COTS components. The solution is based on an MLS architecture that consists of commercial single-level hardware and software, and a few specialized security devices. We show how an MLS CORBA can be constructed from single-level CORBAs and two security devices; the NRL Pump and the Starlight interactive Link. We also introduce the concept of MLS cooperative computing which is a way to semi-automate distributed computing among organizations at different security levels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Mail Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8274-4 PY 1997 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1109/CSAC.1997.646190 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK08D UT WOS:000071092600020 ER PT B AU McDermott, J Gelinas, R Ornstein, S AF McDermott, J Gelinas, R Ornstein, S GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Doe, Wyatt, and Virgil: Prototyping storage jamming defenses SO 13TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 08-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Appl Comp Secur Assoc, ACM Special Interest Grp Secur Audit & Control AB This paper describes progress to date on three prototype tools for detecting storage jamming attacks. One prototype uses a replay defense; another uses logical replication, and the third can be used to determine the source and pattern of a detected attack. Three prototype jammers are used to test the effectiveness of the defenses. Initial experiments have shown that access control, encryption, audit, and virus detection do not prevent or detect storage jamming. The prototype tools have been effective in detecting the same attacks. Object-oriented data storage may require the use of application-specific techniques for applying checksums. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDermott, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8274-4 PY 1997 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK08D UT WOS:000071092600028 ER PT B AU Landwehr, CE AF Landwehr, CE GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Protecting unattended computers without software SO 13TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 08-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Appl Comp Secur Assoc, ACM Special Interest Grp Secur Audit & Control AB In many environments, users login to workstations and then leave them unattended Rather than trying to stop users from doing what comes naturally, this paper suggests a simple, hardware-based system that can protect computers in such an environment from unauthorized use by those with physical access to the monitor and keyboard. Requirements for the system are described, some design issues are discussed, and a sketch of a design for an initial prototype is provided, together with mt assurance argument for it. A prototype implementing many of the concepts described has been built; two dozen copies of a second prototype are soon to be installed in an office environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landwehr, CE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5542, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8274-4 PY 1997 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1109/CSAC.1997.646200 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK08D UT WOS:000071092600029 ER PT S AU Turner, PR AF Turner, PR BE Lang, T Muller, JM Takagi, N TI Fraction-free RNS algorithms for solving linear systems SO 13TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER ARITHMETIC, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS/SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER ARITHMETIC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic CY JUL 06-09, 1997 CL ASILOMAR, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm VLSI AB This paper is concerned with overcoming the arithmetic problems which arise in the solution of linear systems with integer coefficients. Specifically, solving such systems using (integer) Gauss elimination or its variants usually results in severe growth in the dynamic range of Me integers that must be represented. To alleviate this problem, a Residue Number System (RNS) can be utilized so that large integers can be represented by a vector of residues which require only short wordlengths. RNS arithmetic however cannot easily handle any divisions that are needed in the solution process. This paper presents fraction-free algorithms for the solution of integer systems. This does involve divisions but only divisions where the result is known to be an exact integer. The other principal contribution of this paper is the presentation of an RNS division algorithm for exact integer division which does not require any conversion to standard binary form. It uses entirely modular arithmetic, perhaps including a step equivalent to RNS base extension. RP Turner, PR (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6889 BN 0-8186-7846-1 J9 P S COMP ARITHM PY 1997 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1109/ARITH.1997.614898 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BJ34D UT WOS:A1997BJ34D00026 ER PT S AU Kroeger, RA Grove, JE Inderhees, SE Johnson, WN Kinzer, RL Kurfess, JD Phlips, BP AF Kroeger, RA Grove, JE Inderhees, SE Johnson, WN Kinzer, RL Kurfess, JD Phlips, BP BE DelGuerra, A TI Thin scintillators and position sensitive photomultiplier tubes for ward X-ray imaging in space SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Monolithic CsI(Tl) scintillators coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) have been tested for imaging and environmental performance necessary for hard X-ray astrophysics missions. Using a crossed-wire PSPMT and individual anode-wire readout, spatial resolution of 1-2 mm rms at 60 keV over the entire photo-cathode imaging surface are obtained out to near the edges of the scintillator. A PSPMT mapping correction was used to obtain energy resolution close to what is expected from CsI(Tl) scintillators. We have also tested pixellated scintillators and find equivalent spatial resolution but with energy resolution which is unacceptable for our applications. RP Kroeger, RA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 242 EP 245 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00052 ER PT S AU King, SE Aakenes, UR McCoy, K Phillips, GW AF King, SE Aakenes, UR McCoy, K Phillips, GW BE DelGuerra, A TI Development of the Arctic Radionuclide Monitoring Station SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB In recent years, the world has learned about the dumping of nuclear reactors and other waste into the Arctic seas by the former Soviet Union. Most of the information on the present levels of radioactivity in the region has been obtained by oceanographic expeditions conducted during the brief Arctic summers. Year-round monitoring of the movement of radioactivity during dynamic seasonal and episodic chances is hampered by the difficulties caused by sea ice, logistics and communication constraints associated with deployment and maintenance of monitoring equipment in this remote region. We have designed an autonomous station to measure the benthic gamma-ray emitting radioactivity for periods of at least one year. The station is capable of detecting a 30 Bq/m(3) increase in the Cs-137 activity in a 24 hour period. After a year-long deployment, the station releases its anchor and rises to the surface to transmit the accumulated spectra and oceanographic data via an Argos satellite link. The design and performance characteristics of the prototype station will be discussed. RP King, SE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6616,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 851 EP 855 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00188 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR AF Kersten, PR BE Isik, C Cross, V TI Implementing the fuzzy quadratic classifier SO 1997 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY - NAFIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society (NAFIPS 97) CY SEP 21-24, 1997 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB The fuzzy quadratic classifier (FQC) extends the quadratic classifier to accommodate a sequence of fuzzy numbers as data. The fuzzy data induces a fuzzy quadratic discriminant (QD) that is then compared to other fuzzy discriminants to produce a decision. To generate the fuzzy data, conversion of batches of data vectors, or signals, into sequences of fuzzy signal vectors is developed base on fuzzy order statistics. In data rich environment, this conversion both condenses and refines the data stream. An efficient implementation of the FQC is presented based upon a diagonal form of the quadratic classifier and robust estimation of the parameters. A two class problem illustrates the procedure. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,TARGET RECOGNIT SECT,CODE 452320D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4078-7 PY 1997 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.1997.624038 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BJ66E UT WOS:A1997BJ66E00038 ER PT B AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM GP APMC TI Guided-wave behavior in complex media and applications to planar microwave devices SO 1997 ASIA-PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference - Wireless Communications in the Era of Information (APMC 97) CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL CITY UNIV HONG KONG, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP City Univ Hong Kong, Comp Prod Asia Pacific Ltd, CommTech Technol Ltd, Epson Fdn, Hewlett Packard Hong Kong Ltd, Hong Kong Ind Technol Ctr Corp, Hongkong Telecom Fdn, IEEE Hong Kong MTT AP LEO Chapter, IEEE MTT S, K C Wong Educ Fdn, Motorola Semiconductors Hong Kong Ltd, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Pacific Link Commun Ltd, City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Continuing & Profess Educ, State Sci & Technol Commiss, PRC, VTech Commun Ltd HO CITY UNIV HONG KONG AB A review is provided of recent theoretical, material and physical concept developments in guided wave behavior in complex media and their impact on device applications in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency regimes. Use of ferrite, semiconductor, chiral, magnetoplasma, superconductor or ferroelectric materials in microwave planar devices are examined. Planar structures include hybrid circuit configurations and momolithic integrated circuits. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Code 6850-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CITY UNIVERSITY HONG KONG PI KOWLOON PA TAT CHEE AV, KOWLOON, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 962-442-117-X PY 1997 BP 413 EP 416 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BK54B UT WOS:000072506400102 ER PT B AU Kang, MH Moore, AP Moskowitz, IS AF Kang, MH Moore, AP Moskowitz, IS GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Design and assurance strategy for the NRL pump SO 1997 HIGH-ASSURANCE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 High-Assurance Engineering Workshop CY AUG 11-12, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Developing a trustworthy system is difficult because the developer must construct a persuasive argument that the system conforms to its critical requirements. This assurance argument, as well as the software and hardware, must be evaluated by an independent certification team. In this paper, we present the external requirements and logical design of a specific trusted device, the NRL Pump, and describe our plan, called the assurance strategy, to create the eventual assurance argument. Our assurance strategy exploits currently available graphical specification, simulation, formal proof, and testing coverage analysis tools. Portions of the design are represented by figures generated by the Statemate toolset, and we discuss how those tools, and covert channel analysis, will be used to show that the logical design conforms to its external requirements. We conclude with some remarks on a possible physical architecture. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Mail Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-7971-9 PY 1997 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1109/HASE.1997.648040 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK48Z UT WOS:000072316800010 ER PT B AU Meger, RA Fernsler, RF Gregor, JA Manheimer, W Mathew, J Murphy, DP Myers, MC Pechacek, RE AF Meger, RA Fernsler, RF Gregor, JA Manheimer, W Mathew, J Murphy, DP Myers, MC Pechacek, RE GP IEEE TI X-band microwave beam steering using a plasma mirror SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The Naval Research Laboratory has been investigating the use of a planar conductive sheet of plasma, called an Agile Mirror, as an electronically steerable antenna. The objective of this program is to produce a beam steering element for an X-band, multi-function radar. In such a system microwaves from a fixed source would be bounced off of the plasma toward a target. The beam would then be steered by changing the orientation of the plasma sheet on a pulse by pulse basis. The radar return signal would come back along the same path. The plasma distribution is generated in a low pressure chamber by electron beam ionization. Experiments have shown that such a plasma sheet can be formed, turned on or off in 10 microseconds, and maintained in a given orientation for several milliseconds. The planar plasma geometry would enable wide instantaneous bandwidth beam steering in the X-band for ship or airborne multi-function radar applications. The concept along with the present status of the Agile Mirror program will be presented. RP Meger, RA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30N UT WOS:A1997BH30N00003 ER PT S AU KamgarParsi, B KamgarParsi, B AF KamgarParsi, B KamgarParsi, B GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Matching 3-D arcs SO 1997 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 97) CY JUN 17-19, 1997 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB We present a new algorithm for efficient matching of 3-D polygonal nrcs. The algorithm is based on the decomposition of the arcs into sets of corresponding line segments with equal lengths. We derive a closed-form solution for the transformation that gives the best match between two sets of corresponding line segments (best in the sense of an L-2 norm distance measure), which enables the development of efficient are matching algorithm. We apply this algorithm to the problem of finding a match between a short arc and a piece of a long are in real and synthetic images, and compare the results with alternative techniques In the literature. RP KamgarParsi, B (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, ADV INFORMAT TECHNOL BRANCH, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 0-8186-7822-4 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 1997 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1109/CVPR.1997.609293 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ30G UT WOS:A1997BJ30G00005 ER PT B AU Harrison, BF Vaccaro, RJ Tufts, DW AF Harrison, BF Vaccaro, RJ Tufts, DW GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Fastmap: A fast, approximate maximum a posteriori probability parameter estimator with application to robust matched-field processing SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB In many estimation problems, the set of unknown parameters can be divided into a subset of desired parameters and a subset of nuisance parameters. Using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach to parameter estimation, these nuisance parameters are integrated out in the estimation process. This can result in an extremely computationally-intensive estimator. This paper proposes a method by which computationally-intensive integrations over the nuisance parameters required in Bayesian estimation may be avoided under certain conditions. The propsed method is an approximate MAP estimator which is much more computationally efficient than direct, or even Monte Carlo, integration of the joint posteriori distribution of the desired and nuisance parameters. As an example of its efficiency, we apply the fast algorithm to matched-field source localization in an uncertain environment. RP Harrison, BF (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,CODE 2121,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00120 ER PT B AU Gingras, DF Gerstoft, P Gerr, NL Mecklenbrauker, CF AF Gingras, DF Gerstoft, P Gerr, NL Mecklenbrauker, CF GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Electromagnetic matched field processing for source localization SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB Matched field processing (MFP) refers to signal and array processing techniques in which, rather than a planewave arrival model, complex-valued (amplitude and phase) field predictions for propagating signals are used. Matched field processing has been successfully applied in ocean acoustics. In this paper the extension of MFP to the electromagnetic domain, i.e., electromagnetic (EM) MFP (EM-MFP) is described. Simulations of EM-MFP in the tropospheric setting suggest that, under suitable conditions, EM-MFP methods can enable EM sources to be both detected/localized and used as sources of opportunity for estimating the environmental parameters that determine EM propagation. RP Gingras, DF (reprint author), USN,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. RI Gerstoft, Peter/B-2842-2009; OI Gerstoft, Peter/0000-0002-0471-062X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00121 ER PT B AU Kirsteins, IP Mehta, SK Fay, J AF Kirsteins, IP Mehta, SK Fay, J GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Power-law processors for detecting unknown signals in colored noise SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB We propose a new non-parametric adaptive detector for detecting an unknown broadband signal in interference consisting of non-stationary narrowband components and a locally stationary broadband component. An important feature of this detector is that it needs no prior information about the signal or interference. The proposed detector is based on the integration of the non-parametric power law detector of Nuttall with robust narrowband interference removal and whitening using a multiple taper spectral estimation-based technique. Experimental results indicate that the proposed detector outperforms conventional detectors. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,DIV NEWPORT,CODE 3124,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00122 ER PT B AU MacLeod, RB Vaccaro, RJ AF MacLeod, RB Vaccaro, RJ GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Fast maximum likelihood estimation with multiple signal initialization SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB In this paper we are concerned with signal processing of acoustic signals resulting from active transmissions by high frequency sonar systems. These signals consist of structured interference related to propagation effects in the media, reflections from targets, and measurement noise. The methods herein model these signals as replicas of the transmitted signal, scaled in amplitude and time, and delayed. Furthermore, we are interested in signals with 'simple' time frequency profiles, such as linear frequency modulated (LFM) or hyperbolic frequency modulated (HFM) signals. These signals have the underlying property that the principle ridge of the autoambiguity function crosses the mid point of the time-frequency plane in a smooth manner, with a simple relationship between time delay and time scaling (frequency shifting). This paper describes a method for estimating the delay and time scale of signal components using fast maximum likelihood, while preserving the high resolution property of related time delay estimation techniques. RP MacLeod, RB (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 531 EP 534 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00134 ER PT B AU Habboosh, AW Vaccaro, RJ Kay, S AF Habboosh, AW Vaccaro, RJ Kay, S GP IEEE COMP SOC TI An algorithm for detecting closely spaced delay Doppler components SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB This paper considers a method for estimating time delays, amplitudes, and Doppler scales of a multipath signal. The method is an extension of work previously reported by Manickam and Vaccaro [1] which dealt solely with time delays and amplitudes, and extended by Habboosh and Vaccaro [2] to include Doppler scale. In this paper, an algorithm is presented for determining the size of the indicator set to reduce ill-conditioning of the signal subspace matrix. Simulation results are shown and comparisons to the Cramer-Rao lower bound provided; these results show that significant reduction in estimate variances can be achieved using the deconvolution approach with a properly selected indicator set. RP Habboosh, AW (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,NEWPORT,RI 02840, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 535 EP 538 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00135 ER PT B AU Therrien, CW Frack, KL Fontes, NR AF Therrien, CW Frack, KL Fontes, NR GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A short-time Wiener filter for noise removal in underwater acoustic data SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB A noise removal algorithm based on short-time Wiener filtering is described. An analysis of the performance of the filter in terms of processing gain, mean square error, and signal distortion is presented. A generalized form of the filter is also discussed and results of applying the algorithm to some typical underwater acoustic data are presented. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00137 ER PT B AU Tummla, M Donovan, MT Watkins, BE North, R AF Tummla, M Donovan, MT Watkins, BE North, R GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Volterra series based modeling and compensation of nonlinearities in high power amplifiers SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB Demands for higher data rates coupled with increased competition for the available RF bandwidth demand communications systems with greater bandwidth efficiency. Bandwidth efficient modulation techniques, such as QAM, require highly linear amplifier performance to achieve acceptable bit error rates. The nonlinear distortion which results when an amplifier is operated near saturation may preclude their use. One attractive option is to predistort the signal by placing a nonlinear filter in the signal path which compensates for the distortion introduced by the amplifier. In this paper, we present a predistortion technique which uses an inverse amplifier model based on a Volterra series approach. The input-output data from the amplifier is used to develop the parameters for a discrete Volterra series. The RLS adaptive filter technique is utilized to provide periodic updates to the inverse filter which allows tracking of amplifier variations. Results are presented for the case of 64 QAM modulation using a TWT amplifier operated at saturation. RP Tummla, M (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 2417 EP 2420 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00606 ER PT B AU Reuter, M Zeidler, J AF Reuter, M Zeidler, J GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Non-wiener effects in LMS-implemented adaptive equalizers SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB An adaptive transversal equalizer based upon the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm, operating in an environment with a temporally correlated interference, can exhibit better steady-state mean-square-error (MSE) performance than the corresponding Wiener filter. This phenomenon is a result of the non-linear nature of the LMS algorithm and is obscured by traditional analysis approaches that utilize the independence assumption. We use a transfer function approach to quantify the MSE performance of the LMS algorithm and demonstrate that the degree to which LMS may outperform the corresponding Wiener filter is dependent on system parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio and the step-size parameter. RP Reuter, M (reprint author), USN,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANC CTR,RDT&E DIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 2509 EP 2512 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00629 ER PT B AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Periodic pan compensation for reduced complexity video compression SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB To reduce the complexity of a video encoder, we introduce a new approach to hybrid DPCM-tranform video compression in which pan compensation is performed outside the feedback loop. While the basic idea is conceptually similar to the pan compensation algorithm proposed by Taubman and Zakhor for their 3D subband coder, our method is different in that it continually tracks and updates the image in the feedback loop in the same way as a conventional hybrid coder. Using both residual energy and reconstruction error as metrics, we show that pan compensation implemented outside the feedback loop compares very favorably to similar compensation implemented within the conventional hybrid-transform framework. Furthermore, if the spatial coder used to compress the residual images outputs an embedded bit stream, then the complete system is spatially scaleable. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 2889 EP 2892 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00724 ER PT B AU Chu, TC Szu, H AF Chu, TC Szu, H GP IEEE TI An Artificial Neural Network for Naval Theater Ballistic Missile Defense program SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 97) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council DE Ballistic Missile AB This paper discusses the possible relationship between an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Naval Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBMD) program, and potential applications of ANN to TBMD system. A successful marriage between ANN and TBMD program would result in more effective and efficient warfare planning, training, and operational effectiveness. RP Chu, TC (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,CODE N94,BLDG 1470,RM 2232,17320 DAHLGREN RD,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4123-6 PY 1997 BP 53 EP 55 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ42Y UT WOS:A1997BJ42Y00012 ER PT B AU Szu, H Hsu, C AF Szu, H Hsu, C GP IEEE TI Meanfield chaos dynamics with changing chaos threshold value SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 97) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB Single neuron dynamics is derived in a coherent interacting mean field with all other neuron dynamics coupled through the Hebbian learning of synaptic weight updates. This exact one-body equation is derived because of the product nature of Hebbian learning rule. It provides the diagnoses needed for the collective interaction of artificial neural networks (ANN). In case of a chaotic neurodynamics generated with the N-shaped sigmoidal function, we can use the meanfield equation to demonstrate any single neuron behavior in the network, e.g. contrast reversal, limited cycles, chaos etc., due to a changing habituation threshold value. In case of negative threshold values, which might be viewed as an external reward to encourage neurons firing with higher rates, an image block quantization compression artifact has been quickly overcome with such a chaotic ANN and the result is quantified with a fractal dimensionality analysis of the image quality. RP Szu, H (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,CODE B40,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4123-6 PY 1997 BP 651 EP 656 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ42Y UT WOS:A1997BJ42Y00125 ER PT B AU Noel, S Szu, H AF Noel, S Szu, H GP IEEE TI Multiple-resolution divide and conquer neural networks for large-scale TSP-like energy minimization problems SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 97) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB Here we describe a multiple-resolution divide-and-conquer ANN approach for large-scale constrained optimization problems like the TSP. The goal of the approach is to divide a problem into sub-problems, solve them with parallel ANNs, then combine the resulting sub-solutions. The divide-and-conquer approach is based on a mathematical principle of orthogonal division errors, which provides the criteria for optimal problem division. The resulting division minimizes the cross-correlation among sub-problems, and hence the necessary communication among them. It therefore provides a minimum-communication allocation of sub-problems to parallel processors. Moreover, the divide and conquer can be done recursively, so that it occurs at all resolutions of the data. We show how wavelets can perform the necessary multiple-resolution data clustering. The divide-and-conquer approach is particularly effective for large-scale fractal data, which exhibits clustering over a large number of resolutions. RP Noel, S (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4123-6 PY 1997 BP 1278 EP 1283 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ42Y UT WOS:A1997BJ42Y00245 ER PT B AU Gill, CW Pace, PE AF Gill, CW Pace, PE GP IEEE TI Neural prediction of missile dynamics during hardware-in-the-loop captive-carry experiments SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 97) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB The Naval Research Laboratory's P-3 captive-carry correlation algorithms combine hardware-in-the-loop missile simulator closed-loop anechoic chamber results and open-loop field test results to calculate a single measure of electronic attack effectiveness (miss distance). Prediction of the missile dynamics from the open-loop captive-carry seeker response represents an important component of these algorithms. This paper reports the use of neural networks to predict the missile dynamics by training Levenburg-Marquardt type predictors with the closed-loop seeker azimuth, elevation and range as inputs, the change in position of the missile in spherical coordinates (relative to the missile body), and the missile yaw and pitch as outputs. The trained networks are then used to process the open-loop seeker information to predict the dynamics. The performance of the predictors is evaluated numerically using recent test results. The prediction error is also quantified. RP Gill, CW (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,CTR JOINT SERV ELECT WARFARE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4123-6 PY 1997 BP 2208 EP 2213 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ42Y UT WOS:A1997BJ42Y00418 ER PT B AU Szu, H Hsu, C AF Szu, H Hsu, C GP IEEE TI Blind de-mixing with unknown sources SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 97) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB Multispectral and multisensor data processing requires the identification of the mixing of cluttered sources using a new multichannel de-mixing technique. As an application, we consider the contraband detection in which both the source mixing matrix W-ij ( for the i-th object and the j-th channel) and V-j, the sources in question, are unknown due to uncooperative subjects. For weak signals, we can assume a linear mixing model [GRAPHICS] of which the total probability of the set of unknowns V-j must be added up to one [GRAPHICS] We postulate that for each case of real positive unknowns (W-ij and V-j) there exists a maximum entropy E(V-j) constrained with the measurements in terms of Lagarangian multiplies lambda(i). The entropy function becomes a Hopfield-like energy function when we implement E(V-j) in terms of neurons. Then both the Lagrangian Variational Calculus and the Hopfield neural network are used to estimate both unknowns as follows: (i) Given measurement {U-i}, we make an initial guess of a set of lambda(i) and W-ij which allow us to compute by definition lambda(o) and sources V-j and then we use the Lagrangian Variational Calculus (derived at the extremum partial derivative E/partial derivative V-j=0) to improve the set of lambda(i) through their changes Delta lambda(i) that minimize the departures from the measurements Delta U-i (ii) Alternatively, the gradient descent toward the extremum via Hopfield energy landscape (partial derivative U-j/partial derivative(t) = -partial derivative E/partial derivative V-j) determines the mixing weight matric W-ij. We shall refer to the double recursions methodology (i)-(ii) as the Lagrangian-Hopfield Neural Network for solving the double unknowns. Three identical simulations are let to discover 3, 2, and 4 unknown sources given three different initial values. Both unknowns V-j and Wij are plotted in the iteration time steps to show the approach to the convergence in terms of the ratio between Ui and [GRAPHICS] that should approach the unity rapidly. RP Szu, H (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,CODE B40,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4123-6 PY 1997 BP 2513 EP 2518 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ42Y UT WOS:A1997BJ42Y00478 ER PT S AU DeBolt, C ODonnell, C Freed, C Nguyen, T AF DeBolt, C ODonnell, C Freed, C Nguyen, T GP IEEE TI The BUGS ''Basic UXO Gathering System'' project for UXO clearance & mine countermeasures SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB The objective of the Basic UXO Gathering System (BUGS) is to test, evaluate and demonstrate the use of distributed robotics in clearing unexploded submunitions and minefield neutralization. A team consisting of industry, universities, and the government is working together on the BUGS program. We are concentrating on control methodologies required for multiple, autonomous robots working together to perform a practical and useful mission. The choice of architecture is important in selecting a system that is flexible enough to operate reliably and robustly in an unknown environment. This paper also addresses the current team efforts on the BUGS project. RP DeBolt, C (reprint author), USN,EOD TECHNOL DIV,2008 STUMP NECK RD,INDIAN HEAD,MD 20640, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00053 ER PT S AU Kanayama, YJ Fahroo, F AF Kanayama, YJ Fahroo, F GP IEEE TI A new line tracking method for nonholonomic vehicles SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding an algorithm for the movement of a vehicle under the nonholonomic constraint to track a given directed straight line without allowing any spinning motion. We propose a new principle of computing the derivative of path curvature as a linear combination ion of the current vehicle path curvature, vehicle orientation error, and positional error. We call this function the steering function. By linearization we find an optimal selection of parameters for critically damped motions and obtain a single parameter, sigma, for tracking, which we call smoothness. The uniform asymptotic stability of the feedback rule is proved through a Lyapunov function. Numerous simulation results as well as experimental results obtained an the autonomous robot Yamabico at the Naval Postgraduate School are included to shaw the effectiveness of this method. RP Kanayama, YJ (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 2908 EP 2913 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00461 ER PT B AU Graves, K Adams, W Schultz, A AF Graves, K Adams, W Schultz, A GP IEEE TI Continuous localization in changing environments SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - CIRA '97, PROCEEDINGS: TOWARDS NEW COMPUTATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA 97) - Towards New Computational Principles for Robotics and Automation CY JUL 10-11, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Council AB Continuous localization is a technique that allows a robot to maintain an accurate estimate of its location by performing regular; small corrections to its odometry Continuous localization uses an evidence grid representation, a common representation scheme that is used by other map-dependent processes, such as path planning. Although techniques exist for building evidence grid maps, most are not adaptive to changes in the environment. In this research, we extend the continuous localization technique by adding a learning component. This allows continuous localization to update the long-term map (evidence grid) with current sensor readings. Results show that the addition of the learning behavior to continuous localization allows the system to adapt to changes in its environment without a loss in its ability to remain localized. This system was tested on a Nomad 200 mobile robot. RP Graves, K (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8138-1 PY 1997 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1109/CIRA.1997.613834 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BJ29M UT WOS:A1997BJ29M00006 ER PT B AU Yamauchi, B AF Yamauchi, B GP IEEE TI A frontier-based approach for autonomous exploration SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - CIRA '97, PROCEEDINGS: TOWARDS NEW COMPUTATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA 97) - Towards New Computational Principles for Robotics and Automation CY JUL 10-11, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Council AB We introduce a new approach for exploration based an The concept of frontiers, regions on the boundary between open space and unexplored space. By moving to new frontiers, a mobile robot can extend its map into new territory until the entire environment has been explored. We describe a method for detecting frontiers in evidence grids and navigating to these frontiers. We also introduce a technique for minimizing specular reflections in evidence grids using laser-limited sonar We have tested this approach with a real mobile robot, exploring real-world office environments cluttered with a variety of obstacles. An advantage of our approach is its ability to explore both large open spaces and narrow cluttered spaces with walls and obstacles in arbitrary orientations. RP Yamauchi, B (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR APPL RES ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 221 Z9 230 U1 0 U2 7 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8138-1 PY 1997 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1109/CIRA.1997.613851 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BJ29M UT WOS:A1997BJ29M00023 ER PT B AU Morsy, KA Kanayama, Y AF Morsy, KA Kanayama, Y GP IEEE TI A new straight edge detection algorithm using direction-controlled edge tracking and random hitting SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - CIRA '97, PROCEEDINGS: TOWARDS NEW COMPUTATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA 97) - Towards New Computational Principles for Robotics and Automation CY JUL 10-11, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Council AB This paper presents a new efficient straight edge detection algorithm for autonomous robot navigation and other visual tasks. First, we propose a new edge tracking algorithm that gives the endpoints of the detected edge. To obtain robust edge directions we use a least-squares linear fitting method to control the tracking process. Based on this ''direction-controlled'' edge tracking method, we construct an algorithm to find all major edges in an image. To minimise the exhaustive pixel processing, we adopt a random hitting method using a pseudo random number generator. Only if an initial pixel generated is significant, we track the edge that the pixel belongs to. To avoid finding the same segment twice, we examine whether a newly generated pixel is close to any of the already detected segments. Through our experiments we confirmed that most of major edges are detected by processing of an extremely small fraction of the total pixels. Only by processing of 4.36% of the total pixels we were able to detect 20 major line segments an a, test image. Therefore, implementing this algorithm will be extremely effective in image understanding and visual applications including the model-based real-time robot navigation task. RP Morsy, KA (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8138-1 PY 1997 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1109/CIRA.1997.613887 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BJ29M UT WOS:A1997BJ29M00061 ER PT B AU Lynch, ML Singer, SM AF Lynch, ML Singer, SM GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A next generation diagnostic ATPG system using the Verilog HDL SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VERILOG HDL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Verilog HDL Conference CY MAR 31-APR 03, 1997 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP IEEE, Open Verilog Int, Electr Ind Assoc, Japan AB This paper presents an approach for using the Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) together with Artificial Intelligence (AI) concepts such as Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks in a next generation diagnostic Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) system. The test generation portion of the system is composed of four basic functional elements: Optimizing Test Proposer, Simulator, Unsupervised Pattern Classifier and Evaluator. The Test Proposer and the Evaluator are implemented using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The Unsupervised Pattern Classifier is implemented with an Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) neural network. The model development portion of the system is composed of three basic functional elements: Netlist Generator (NG), Component Model Library (CML) and Automatic Model Builder (AMB). The paper addresses the use of the Verilog HDL in the Netlist Generator, Automatic MOdel Builder, Component Model Library and Simulator functions. A circuit model development process is described which allows for the creation of the good circuit model as well as the fault models necessary as part of the ATPG system. RP Lynch, ML (reprint author), NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,DIV NEWPORT,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7955-7 PY 1997 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1109/IVC.1997.588532 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BH57W UT WOS:A1997BH57W00008 ER PT S AU Matthews, PJ Frankel, MY Esman, RD AF Matthews, PJ Frankel, MY Esman, RD BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI A wideband, fiber-optic, true time-steered array receiver SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB The first fiber-optically controlled true time-delay array receiver capable of wide instantaneous bandwidth is demonstrated. The one-dimensional array consists of eight spiral elements arranged in a sparsely populated, unequally-spaced array pattern designed to suppress grating lobes and give a narrow main beam. The receiver exhibited +/- 60 degrees azimuth steering with no observable squint over a microwave component-limited bandwidth of 6-18 GHz. RP Matthews, PJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,CODE 5672,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00079 ER PT S AU McLean, J AF McLean, J GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Is the trusted computing base concept fundamentally flawed? SO 1997 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY - PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy CY MAY 04-07, 1997 CL OAKLAND, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy, Int Assoc Cryptol Res RP McLean, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR HIGH ASSURANCE COMP SYST,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1081-6011 BN 0-7803-4159-7 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 1997 BP 2 EP 2 DI 10.1109/SECPRI.1997.601304 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH83W UT WOS:A1997BH83W00001 ER PT S AU Syverson, PF Goldschlag, DM Reed, MG AF Syverson, PF Goldschlag, DM Reed, MG GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Anonymous connections and onion routing SO 1997 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY - PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy CY MAY 04-07, 1997 CL OAKLAND, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy, Int Assoc Cryptol Res AB Onion Routing provides anonymous connections that are strongly resistant to both eavesdropping and traffic analysis. Unmodified Internet applications can use these anonymous connections by means of proxies. The proxies may also make communication anonymous by removing identifying information from the data stream. Onion routing has been implemented on Sun Solaris 2.X with proxies for Web browsing, remote logins, and e-mail. This paper's contribution is a detailed specification of the implemented onion routing system, a vulnerability analysis based on this specification, and performance results. RP Syverson, PF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR HIGH ASSURANCE COMP SYST,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1081-6011 BN 0-7803-4159-7 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 1997 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1109/SECPRI.1997.601314 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH83W UT WOS:A1997BH83W00007 ER PT S AU Irvine, CE AF Irvine, CE GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Security in innovative new operating systems SO 1997 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY - PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy CY MAY 04-07, 1997 CL OAKLAND, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy, Int Assoc Cryptol Res RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1081-6011 BN 0-7803-4159-7 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 1997 BP 202 EP 203 DI 10.1109/SECPRI.1997.601334 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH83W UT WOS:A1997BH83W00022 ER PT S AU Boos, JB Kruppa, W Park, D Bennett, BR Bass, R AF Boos, JB Kruppa, W Park, D Bennett, BR Bass, R GP IEEE TI DC, small-signal, and noise characteristics of 0.1 mu m AlSb/InAs HEMTs SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM 97) CY MAY 11-15, 1997 CL HYANNIS, MA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Epichem, AIXTRON, Epitaxial Prod Inc AB We report on the de and small-signal characteristics of 0.1 mu m AlSb/InAs HEMTs, These recessed-gate devices have an In0.4Al0.6As/AlSb composite barrier above the InAs quantum well and a p(+) GaSb layer within the AlSb buffer layer. The devices exhibit a transconductance of 600 mS/mm and an f(T) of 120 GHz at V-DS = 0.6 V. An intrinsic f(T) of 150 GHz is obtained after removal of the gate bonding pad capacitance. 0.5 mu m HEMTs on the same wafer exhibit a transconductance of 1 S/mm and an intrinsic f(T)Lg product of 50 GHz-mu m. At 4 GHz, the 0.1 mu m HEMTs have a minimum noise figure of 1 dB with 14 dB associated gain at V-DS = 0.4 V. RP Boos, JB (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-3899-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 1997 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.1997.600089 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH95K UT WOS:A1997BH95K00052 ER PT B AU Xie, GG Lam, SS AF Xie, GG Lam, SS BE Ammar, M Shankar, U TI Admission control and loss management for an application-level statistical service SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK PROTOCOLS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Network Protocol (ICNP 97) CY OCT 28-31, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Commun Soc, Tech Comm Comp Commun AB We present an admission control framework and loss management techniques in support of a guaranteed statistical service. The service is characterized by (i) the loss rate of application data units (ADUs) bounded below a specified value, and (ii) ADU losses distributed evenly among flows subscribing to the service and uniformly over the duration of each flow. Specifically, a flow is modeled as a sequence of bursts, each of which is a sequence of packets that carry the bits of an ADU. The first packet of each burst carries information on the ADU (e.g., its bandwidth requirement). This traffic model enables admission control at the burst level as well as at the flow level. Such a two level admission control approach is very effective in bounding end-to-end ADU loss rates of flows while maintaining high channel utilization in the network. The traffic model also enables simple techniques that can be used at a network channel to distribute ADU losses evenly among hows subscribing to the same statistical service, and to protect high priority ADUs (e.g., I frames of MPEG applications). RP Xie, GG (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8062-8 PY 1997 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1109/ICNP.1997.643707 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ89X UT WOS:A1997BJ89X00015 ER PT B AU Stahovec, JG AF Stahovec, JG GP API TI Global Positioning System-based pollution Response Asset Tracking System (RATS) SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB The U.S. Navy's Supervisor of Salvage (SUPSALV) Response Asset Tracking System (RATS) was developed to provide enhanced safety and logistics support, improve worldwide contingency planning capabilities, and increase operational responsiveness through automated tracking of oil spill containment and recovery equipment. RATS's, worldwide tracking capability is accomplished by combining Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with VHF and INMARSAT-C transmission links. The system allows the equipment's position to be automatically overlaid on digitized mapping systems and nautical charts. The application of GPS-based RATS technology to oil spill containment and recovery scenarios greatly enhances "command and control" and operational effectiveness. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. RP Stahovec, JG (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, 2531 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 901 EP 903 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400143 ER PT B AU Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS AF Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS GP INT MICROELECTR & PKG SOC TI Electro-optic probing: A laser-based solution for noninvasive high-speed testing of multichip modules SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Symposium on Microelectronics CY OCT 14-16, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Int Microelectr & Pkg Soc DE electro-optics; electronic packaging; polyimide; testing; MCM; microwaves AB Electro-optic probing is a proven technique for testing high-speed microwave circuits on substrates such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP) by making point-to-point electric field measurements directly in the substrate. We have extended this technique to probe circuit structures an polyimide substrates that would be used for high-density packaging such as multichip modules (MCMs). Test results demonstrate the potential to probe circuit structures that are buried in the central layers of an MCM. RP Mechtel, DM (reprint author), USN ACAD,105 MARYLAND AVE,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3235 BP 126 EP 130 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ79A UT WOS:A1997BJ79A00025 ER PT J AU May, DA Sandidge, J Holyer, R Hawkins, JD AF May, DA Sandidge, J Holyer, R Hawkins, JD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI SSM/I derived tropical cyclone intensities SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP May, DA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00006 ER PT J AU Bankert, RL Tag, PM AF Bankert, RL Tag, PM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Automating the subjective analysis of satellite-observed tropical cyclone intensity SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Bankert, RL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,7 GRACE HOPPER AVE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00011 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JD Helveston, MJ AF Hawkins, JD Helveston, MJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Tropical cyclone surface wind information from satellite scatterometers and SSM/I data SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Hawkins, JD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 55 EP 56 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00020 ER PT B AU Strong, AE Valdivia, J AF Strong, AE Valdivia, J GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Sea surface temperature and the 1995 hurricane season SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Strong, AE (reprint author), USN ACAD,NOAA,DEPT OCEANOG,NESDIS,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00035 ER PT B AU Jeng, BF Peng, MS Williams, RT AF Jeng, BF Peng, MS Williams, RT GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Effect of asymmetric structure on the intensification of tropical cyclones SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Jeng, BF (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 141 EP 143 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00062 ER PT B AU Harr, PA Finta, CA Elsberry, RL AF Harr, PA Finta, CA Elsberry, RL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Role of mesoscale convective vortices in determining the circulation structure during tropical cyclone formation SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Harr, PA (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,CODE MRHP,589 DYER RD,ROOM 254,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 193 EP 194 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00090 ER PT B AU Ritchie, EA Frank, WM AF Ritchie, EA Frank, WM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Effects of convective asymmetries on the structure of tropical storms SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Ritchie, EA (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00093 ER PT J AU Rohaly, GD Langland, RH Gelaro, R AF Rohaly, GD Langland, RH Gelaro, R GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI An examination of initial condition sensitivity in the forecast of a tropical cyclone SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Rohaly, GD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 306 EP 307 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00146 ER PT J AU Turk, J Rohaly, GD Arkin, PA AF Turk, J Rohaly, GD Arkin, PA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Utilization of satellite-derived tropical rainfall for analysis and assimilation into a numerical weather prediction model SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Turk, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MARINE METEOROL DIV,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00148 ER PT B AU Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL Hogan, TF AF Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL Hogan, TF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Extratropical transition of western North Pacific tropical cyclones SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Klein, PM (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,CODE MR HP,589 DYER RD,ROOM 254,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 364 EP 365 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00175 ER PT B AU Carr, LE Elsberry, RL Boothe, M AF Carr, LE Elsberry, RL Boothe, M GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Systematic approach to tropical cyclone track forecasting: Scenario-specific model and objective guidance traits SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Carr, LE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,CODE MR-CR,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00223 ER PT B AU Chen, JM Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL Carr, LE AF Chen, JM Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL Carr, LE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Potential systematic approach application: Synoptic-based CLIPER for western north Pacific SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Chen, JM (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00224 ER PT B AU Peak, JE Carr, LE Elsberry, RL AF Peak, JE Carr, LE Elsberry, RL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Systematic approach to tropical cyclone track forecasting: Development of a prototype expert system SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Peak, JE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,CODE MR-CR,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00225 ER PT B AU Boothe, MA Carr, LE Elsberry, RL AF Boothe, MA Carr, LE Elsberry, RL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Extension of systematic approach to tropical cyclone track forecasting in the eastern and central Pacific SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Boothe, MA (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL MR MB,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 467 EP 468 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00226 ER PT B AU Peng, MS Chang, SW Hodur, RM AF Peng, MS Chang, SW Hodur, RM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Performance evaluation of the Naval Research Laboratory COAMPS on the forecast of Typhoon Herb in the western Pacific in 1996 SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MARINE METEOROL DIV,CODE 7533,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 539 EP 540 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00263 ER PT J AU Goerss, JS AF Goerss, JS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI NOGAPS 1996 tropical cyclone forecast performance SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Goerss, JS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,7 GRACE HOPPER AVE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 617 EP 618 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00299 ER PT B AU Sampson, CR Schrader, AJ AF Sampson, CR Schrader, AJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The automated tropical cyclone forecasting system (version 3.0) SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,7 GRACE HOPPER AVE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 619 EP 620 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00300 ER PT B AU Elsberry, RL Fisher, MR Carr, LE Boothe, MA AF Elsberry, RL Fisher, MR Carr, LE Boothe, MA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Three methods of estimating the outer wind structure of western north Pacific tropical cyclones SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MRES,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 647 EP 648 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00314 ER PT B AU Johnson, M Bennett, BR AF Johnson, M Bennett, BR GP IEEE TI Ferromagnet-semiconductor hybrid Hall effect device SO 55TH ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE, DIGEST - 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Device Research Conference CY JUN 23-25, 1997 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO COLORADO STATE UNIV RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3911-8 PY 1997 BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.1109/DRC.1997.612511 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ45G UT WOS:A1997BJ45G00057 ER PT B AU Smith, DR Guth, PL Vieira, MEC Whitford, DJ Jones, DW Eisman, GA Strong, AE Kren, RS Dillner, DS Round, R Geer, IW McManus, DE Murphree, JT AF Smith, DR Guth, PL Vieira, MEC Whitford, DJ Jones, DW Eisman, GA Strong, AE Kren, RS Dillner, DS Round, R Geer, IW McManus, DE Murphree, JT GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The Maury project: A three-year update SO 6TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Education / 8th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY FEB 02-07, 1997 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BK58F UT WOS:000072616000005 ER PT B AU Huyssoon, CWL Smith, DR AF Huyssoon, CWL Smith, DR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Using mathematica to model thermodynamic processes in a hurricane SO 6TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Education / 8th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY FEB 02-07, 1997 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BK58F UT WOS:000072616000025 ER PT S AU Koss, S AF Koss, S BE KaldeichSchurmann, BH TI Tether deployment mechanism for the advanced tether experiment (ATEx) SO 7TH EUROPEAN SPACE MECHANISMS & TRIBOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium CY OCT 01-03, 1997 CL ESTEC, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy, NIVR, CNES HO ESTEC AB The Advanced Tether Experiment (ATEx) is a tethered satellite experiment with the following mission: (1) Deployment of a novel, nonconductive, 6 km long, polyethylene tape tether (2) Verification of dynamic models of deployment and orbital libration (pendulum motion). This includes using the host spacecraft thrusters to both induce and damp pendulum motion after the tether is deployed. (3) Finally, the ATEx lower end mass is jettisoned from the host spacecraft and the tethered upper and lower end masses freely orbit the earth in a demonstration of long term tether survivability This paper will describe the tether deployment mechanism that was developed and qualified for ATEx. It will focus on lessons learned during the rapid development of the deployment mechanism. The mechanism is qualified, integrated, and awaiting launch. The installation of ATEx on the host spacecraft is shown in Figure 1. RP Koss, S (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 8211,4555 OVERLOOK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-640-6 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 410 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ77S UT WOS:A1997BJ77S00024 ER PT B AU Yun, XP Tan, KC AF Yun, XP Tan, KC GP IEEE TI A wall-following method for escaping local minima in potential field based motion planning SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED ROBOTICS, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - ICAR'97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR 97) CY JUL 07-09, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP ICAR, Permanent Int Comm DE mobile robot; motion planning; potential field; local minimum AB A wall-following method for escaping local minima encountered by the potential field based motion planning method used in real-time obstacle avoidance is presented. The new algorithm switches to a wall-following control made when the robot falls into a focal minimum. It switches back to the potential field guided control mode when a certain condition is met. A simple switch condition derived from monitoring the distance from the robot's position to the goal position is shown to be effective in escaping local minima in typical laboratory environments. A provision is built into the algorithm, allowing the robot to follow a: wall in a different direction if the first attempt fails. The new algorithm is implemented on a Nomad 200 mobile robot. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the method. RP Yun, XP (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4160-0 PY 1997 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1109/ICAR.1997.620216 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29H UT WOS:A1997BJ29H00064 ER PT B AU Kanayama, YJ AF Kanayama, YJ GP IEEE TI ''Rotary vehicle'' that moves with three degrees of freedom SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED ROBOTICS, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - ICAR'97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR 97) CY JUL 07-09, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP ICAR, Permanent Int Comm AB This paper proposes a new control method of a land vehicle with at least two steer-drive wheels. We call this vehicle a ''rotary vehicle.'' By analyzing a general three degrees of freedom motion Q, an algorithm for computing each wheel's driving speed and steering angle is presented. Through this method, we can superimpose an arbitrary rotation on an arbitrary translational motion. When we know the current wheel steering angles and incremental movements of all the wheels on a rotary vehicle in the last sampling time, computing an estimated incremental motion is a non-trivial problem, because all the wheel axes may not meet at one point. An explicit algorithm to find the incremental motion (odometry) is also presented in this paper. The first version of a rotary vehicle called ''Shepherd'' is being constructed at the Naval Postgraduate School. This shepherd is going to be applied for the mine/unexploded-ordnance clearing mission. RP Kanayama, YJ (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4160-0 PY 1997 BP 713 EP 718 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29H UT WOS:A1997BJ29H00108 ER PT B AU Focht, EM AF Focht, EM BE Asfahani, R TI Controlled rolling and interrupted accelerated cooling of a high strength nickel-copper naval steel SO ACCELERATED COOLING/DIRECT QUENCHING OF STEELS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FROM MATERIALS SOLUTION '97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Solutions 97 on Accelerated Cooling/Direct Quenching of Steel CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP ASM Int AB HSLA-100 (MIL-S-24645) is currently produced using conventional hot rolling, reheat, quench and aging processes. Using thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) to produce Navy grade HSLA steels has shown to improve properties and in some instances, allow for reductions in the level of alloy additions. Work was performed to determine the feasibility of using controlled rolling and interrupted accelerated cooling to produce one inch thick HSLA-100 plate. Several processing parameters such as the slab reheat temperature, finish rolling temperature and the stop cooling temperature were varied to determine their effects on strength and Charpy V-notch toughness. It was determined that the slab reheat temperature, the amount of rolling in the non-recrystallization region of austenite and the stop cooling temperature can have a strong influence on the mechanical properties whereas the finish rolling temperatures employed did not. All of the plates exhibited yields strengths greater than 690 MPa (100 ksi) and all but one plate had CVE at -84 degrees C (-120 degrees F) in excess of 81 J (60 ft-lbs). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20827 USA. RP Focht, EM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20827 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-607-5 PY 1997 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK12K UT WOS:000071242500003 ER PT J AU Volpano, D AF Volpano, D TI Provably-secure programming languages for remote evaluation SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Programming Languages Workshop of the Strategic Directions in Computing Research CY JUN, 1996 CL MIT, BOSTON, MA HO MIT AB Remote evaluation and dynamically-extensible systems pose serious safety and security risks. Programming language design has a major role in overcoming some of these risks. Important research areas include designing suitable languages for remote evaluation, identifying appropriate security and safety properties for them, and developing provably-sound logics for reasoning about the properties in the context of separate compilation and dynamic linking. RP Volpano, D (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1145/251595.254091 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WE349 UT WOS:A1997WE34900018 ER PT B AU Maraviglia, CG Moser, RJ AF Maraviglia, CG Moser, RJ BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI The evolution of the Foxtrot Simulator's gimbal control system SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XI CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE gimbal control system; Matlab modeling; real time operating system; DSP; simulator; rate loop; position loop; VME bus; stabilized platform; step invariance method AB The Foxtrot System is an Infra-Red (IR) Simulator that is mounted in a pod under the wing of a test aircraft. It uses a gimbal control system that points and stabilizes an IR camera. The video signal from this camera is sent to an image processor that analyzes the signal in order to detect features of interest in a scene and then make tracking decisions for the gimbal system. The gimbal system has evolved from an analog linear prototype system controlled by an eight (8) bit microprocessor to the present VME Bus based system (allows the migration of control loop functions from the hardware to the software domain) that is controlled by a real time operating system. Starting with the premise that some key system components are now and expected to remain analog in nature (i.e. Inertial Gyro and Servo Motor), this paper discusses the evolution of Foxtrot's gimbal system architecture that is taking place in order to accommodate both these required analog interfaces and advances in software and hardware technology (i.e. improved compilers, real time operating systems, improved processors and enhanced image processing hardware). Discussion then focuses on improvements that can be made to the system by mathematically modeling it on a software simulator such as MATLAB. The response of the system can then be described as a difference equation and the emerging capabilities of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) can be utilized to improve system performance. RP Maraviglia, CG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2501-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3086 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.277176 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16P UT WOS:A1997BJ16P00008 ER PT B AU Watson, GA Blair, WD AF Watson, GA Blair, WD BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Beam-pointing control of an electronically-scanned array in the presence of jamming SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XI CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE tracking; jamming; monopulse processing; benchmark; unresolved targets; electronically-scanned array AB A stand-off jammer broadcasting wideband noise causes many problems for a tracking algorithm and is one of the Electronic Counter Measure (ECM) techniques employed in the benchmark problem. Benchmark problems for tracking maneuvering targets have been very helpful in the comparison of proposed algorithms because the problems address some ''real world'' tracking issues such ECM, false alarms, and target maneuvers. An accurate estimate of the jammer position and power can be accomplished with passive tracking or through the use of the non-target detections during main-lobe jamming. Recent work in the area of monopulse processing provides a method for debiasing the target measurements in the presence of a jammer and employs dwell averaging through the use of multiple frequencies. Proper beam-pointing is also required to maintain an accurate target track. This paper presents a method for tracking maneuvering targets in the presence of jamming as defined by the benchmark problem. Simulation results that illustrate the performance of the measurement debiasing technique and beam-pointing control are also presented. RP Watson, GA (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,SYST RES & TECHNOL DEPT,CODE B32,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2501-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3086 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.277177 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16P UT WOS:A1997BJ16P00011 ER PT J AU OrtolaniMachado, CF Oliver, C Jamur, MC AF OrtolaniMachado, CF Oliver, C Jamur, MC TI Endocytosis of cationized ferritin in rat peritoneal mast cells and eosinophils: The role of trimetaphosphatase positive lysosomes SO ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA LA English DT Article DE mast cell; eosinophil; endocytosis; cationized ferritin; lysosomes ID EXOCRINE ACINAR-CELLS; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; MEMBRANE RETRIEVAL; TUBULAR LYSOSOMES; SURFACE-MEMBRANE; BASIC-PROTEIN; INTERNALIZATION; EXOCYTOSIS; LEUKOCYTES; PATHWAYS AB Peritoneal mast cells and eosinophils were incubated with cationized ferritin (CF) an electron dense marker that binds to the plasma membrane. In both cell types, CF was internalized from the plasma membrane in tubular invaginations. Vesicles of various shapes and sizes containing CF were found in the cytoplasm. Trimetaphosphatase (TMPase) positive lysosomes were found near the nucleus and at the cell periphery. In mast cells, the secretory granules were not reactive for TMPase, while in the eosinophils an occasional specific granule contained reaction product. Vesicles containing CF were observed close to the TMPase positive lysosomes and some of these vesicles seemed to fuse with TMPase positive lysosomes. Vesicles containing both CF and TMPase reaction product were also observed. The presence of both CF and positive TMPase reaction in the same granule suggests that they are secondary lysosomes responsible for degradation of endocytosed material. The CF also induced a partial degranulation of the secretory granules and CF was seen associated with the granule matrix. C1 OFF NAVAL RES, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. UNIV FED PARANA, DEPT BIOL CELULAR, BR-80060000 CURITIBA, PARANA, BRAZIL. RI Jamur, Maria Celia/L-5520-2016; Ortolani-Machado, Claudia/K-4428-2012 OI Jamur, Maria Celia/0000-0001-7065-8543; Ortolani-Machado, Claudia/0000-0002-0523-6624 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING CO LTD, SHIMODACHIURI-OGAWA, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 0044-5991 EI 1347-5800 J9 ACTA HISTOCHEM CYTOC JI Acta Histochem. Cytochem. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 4 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YK236 UT WOS:A1997YK23600002 ER PT S AU Sprangle, P Esarey, E Hafizi, B Hubbard, R Krall, J Ting, A AF Sprangle, P Esarey, E Hafizi, B Hubbard, R Krall, J Ting, A BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Laser driven acceleration in vacuum and gases SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB Several important issues pertaining to particle acceleration in vacuum and gases are discussed. The limitations of laser vacuum acceleration as they relate to electron slippage, laser diffraction, material damage, and electron aperture effects are presented. Limitations on the laser intensity and particle self-fields due to material breakdown are quantified. In addition, the reflection of the self-fields associated with the accelerated particles places a limit on the number of particles. Two configurations for the inverse Cherenkov accelerator OCA) are considered, in which the electromagnetic driver is propagated in a waveguide that is i) lined with a dielectric material or ii) filled with a neutral gas. The acceleration gradient in the ICA is limited by tunneling and collisional ionization in the dielectric liner or gas. Ionization can lead to significant modification of the optical properties of the waveguide, altering the phase velocity and causing particle slippage, thus disrupting the acceleration process. Maximum accelerating gradients and pulse durations are presented for a 10 mu m and a 1 mm wavelength driver. We show that the use of an unguided Bessel (axicon) beam can enhance the energy gain compared to a higher order Gaussian beam. The enhancement factor is N-1/2, where N is me number of lobes in the Bessel beam. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 96 EP 105 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00009 ER PT S AU Esarey, E Ting, A Krushelnick, K Moore, C Baine, M Sprangle, P AF Esarey, E Ting, A Krushelnick, K Moore, C Baine, M Sprangle, P BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Plasma channel formation in the wake of a short laser pulse SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The process by which a short (less than or similar to 1 ps), intense (greater than or similar to 10(18) W/cm(2)) laser pulse creates a plasma density channel in its wake is analyzed. A relativistically guided laser pulse expels electrons as it propagates. This leads to a radial space charge force which initiates ion motion, After the passage of the pulse, the ions drift radially and form a plasma channel. This channel can guide a trailing probe pulse, as has been observed in pump-probe experiments. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00031 ER PT S AU Moore, CI Krushelnick, K Ting, A Manka, C Burris, HR Fischer, R Baine, M Esarey, E Sprangle, P Hubbard, R AF Moore, CI Krushelnick, K Ting, A Manka, C Burris, HR Fischer, R Baine, M Esarey, E Sprangle, P Hubbard, R BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Accelerated electron measurements in the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB High energy electrons (up to 30 MeV) have been measured in the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator using a 2.5 TW laser pulse and a high sensitivity detector, a scintillator coupled to a photo-multiplier tube (PMT). Highly non-linear plasma waves have been detected using forward Raman scattering as a plasma diagnostic and a correlation between the non-linear plasma waves and electron signal has been observed. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 400 EP 407 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00037 ER PT S AU Hafizi, B Esarey, E Sprangle, P AF Hafizi, B Esarey, E Sprangle, P BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Laser-driven acceleration with Bessel and Gaussian beams SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The possibility of enhancing the energy gain in laser-driven accelerators by using Bessel laser beams is examined. Scaling laws are derived for the propagation length, acceleration gradient, and energy gain in various accelerators for both Gaussian and Bessel beam drivers. For equal beam powers, the energy gain can be increased by a factor of N-1/2 by utilizing a Bessel beam with N lobes, provided that the acceleration gradient is linearly proportional to the laser held. This is the case in the inverse free electron laser and the inverse Cherenkov accelerators. If the acceleration gradient is proportional to the square of the laser field (e.g., the laser wakefield, plasma beat wave, and vacuum beat wave accelerators), the energy gain is comparable with either beam profile. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 433 EP 442 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00041 ER PT S AU Ting, A Hafizi, B Burris, R Fischer, R Moore, CI Krushelnick, K Esarey, E Sprangle, P AF Ting, A Hafizi, B Burris, R Fischer, R Moore, CI Krushelnick, K Esarey, E Sprangle, P BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Proof-of-principle experiment of the vacuum beat wave accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The vacuum beat wave accelerator (VBWA) is discussed and design parameters for proof-of-principle experiment are presented. The VBWA utilizes two focused laser beams of differing wavelengths to generate a beat wave that can impart a net acceleration to charged particles. Theory and simulations show that the single-stage energy gain of the VBWA is limited by diffraction of the laser beams, particle slippage in phase and velocity, and radial walk-off. In the simulations the particles are synchronous with the beat wave for a short interval of time and the energy gain has the nature of an impulse delivered near the focal region. Simulations also show that the problem of radial walk-off may be ameliorated by using a converging beam of particles. For terawatt-level laser beams, with wavelengths 1 mu m and 0.5 mu m, and a 4.5 MeV finite-emittance electron beam the energy can be increased to 12.5 MeV in a non-synchronous interaction over a distance of under 4 mm, with a peak acceleration gradient > 15 GeV/m and an estimated trapping fraction of similar to 1 %. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 443 EP 452 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00042 ER PT S AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Ionization effects in Inverse Cherenkov Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB Ionization processes limit the accelerating gradient and pulse duration of the electromagnetic driver in the Inverse Cherenkov Accelerator (ICA). Two configurations for the ICA are considered in which the electromagnetic driver is propagated in a waveguide that is, i) lined with a dielectric material or ii) filled with a neutral gas. The intensity of the driver in the ICA, and therefore the acceleration gradient, is limited by tunneling and collisional ionization effects. Ionization of the dielectric liner or gas can lead to significant modification of the optical properties of the waveguide, altering the phase velocity of the accelerating field and causing particle slippage, thus disrupting the acceleration process. To avoid the effects of ionization short pulse durations are necessary, and therefore pulse lethargy, i.e., electrons outrunning the driving pulse, can present an additional limitation. Limitations on the driver pulse duration and accelerating gradient, due to tunneling and collisional ionization, are obtained for the two lCA configurations. Maximum accelerating gradients and pulse durations are presented for a 10 mu m and a 1 mm wavelength electromagnetic driver. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 638 EP 647 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00059 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Fliflet, AW Kinkead, AK Hafizi, B Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Hirshfield, JL True, R AF Gold, SH Fliflet, AW Kinkead, AK Hafizi, B Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Hirshfield, JL True, R BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Development of an X-band magnicon amplifier for the next linear collider SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The magnicon is a scanning-beam microwave amplifier that is being developed as a high power, highly efficient microwave source for use in powering the next generation of high gradient electron linear accelerators. In this paper, we first discuss the results from a cold cathode magnicon experiment at 11.12 GHz, driven by a single-shot Marx generator. We then present the design of a new thermionic magnicon experiment to produce more than 50 MW at 11.4 GHz, using a 210 A, 500 kV beam from an ultrahigh convergence thermionic electron gun driven by a rep-rated modulator. This new design has a predicted efficiency in excess of 60%. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 832 EP 841 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00077 ER PT J AU Schmitt, J Decher, G Dressick, WJ Brandow, SL Geer, RE Shashidhar, R Calvert, JM AF Schmitt, J Decher, G Dressick, WJ Brandow, SL Geer, RE Shashidhar, R Calvert, JM TI Metal nanoparticle/polymer superlattice films: Fabrication and control of layer structure SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR DEPOSITION; ALTERNATE LAYERS; SUCCESSIVE DEPOSITION; COLLOID MONOLAYERS; POLYELECTROLYTES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANOCHEMISTRY; REFLECTIVITY; ADSORPTION; SURFACES AB Multilayer superlattices incorporating colloidal metal nanoparticles have been synthesized by an approach based on self-assembly. The method of synthesis is described and the results are presented from X-ray reflectivity measurements, optical spectroscopy, and various microscopies, showing that they provide a consistent picture of the structure of the resulting multilayer superlattices (see Figure). C1 UNIV STRASBOURG 1,F-67083 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. INST CHARLES SADRON,CNRS,F-67083 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. UNIV MAINZ,INST PHYS CHEM,D-55099 MAINZ,GERMANY. USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Decher, Gero/E-7665-2011 OI Decher, Gero/0000-0002-7976-8818 NR 35 TC 498 Z9 510 U1 8 U2 125 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 61 EP & DI 10.1002/adma.19970090114 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA WE102 UT WOS:A1997WE10200012 ER PT B AU Rohrbaugh, R AF Rohrbaugh, R BE Luk, FT TI Time-frequency characterization of acoustic transients SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing - Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations VII CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Impulsive transient signals have been difficult to characterize and classify using traditional signal processing methods. We show that time-frequency distributions can effectively characterize the transient response of an acoustical cavity. Class-dependent kernels developed from time-frequency distributions are used to successfully classify the impulsive transients. RP Rohrbaugh, R (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,ADV SIGNAL PROC BRANCH,BREMERTON,WA 98314, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2584-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3162 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.284183 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ90Y UT WOS:A1997BJ90Y00012 ER PT S AU Nealson, KH Little, B AF Nealson, KH Little, B BE Neidleman, SL Laskin, AI TI Breathing manganese and iron: Solid-state respiration SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 45 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; DISSIMILATORY FE(III) REDUCTION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; REDUCING BACTERIA; FERRIC IRON; CRUDE-OIL; ALTEROMONAS-PUTREFACIENS; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; FLAVOCYTOCHROME-C; ORGANIC-MATTER C1 USN, RES LAB, STENNIS SPACE CTR, MS 39529 USA. RP Nealson, KH (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, CTR GREAT LAKES STUDIES, MILWAUKEE, WI 53204 USA. NR 95 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 0-12-002645-7 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 1997 VL 45 BP 213 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70264-8 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BJ87Q UT WOS:A1997BJ87Q00005 ER PT B AU Narang, U Anderson, GP King, KD Liss, HS Ligler, FS AF Narang, U Anderson, GP King, KD Liss, HS Ligler, FS BE Thompson, RB TI Enhanced biosensor performance using an avidin-biotin bridge for antibody immobilization SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology III CY FEB 09-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Chiron Diag Corp, Ciencia Inc, Coherent Inc Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Jobin Yvon SPEX Instruments SA Inc, LiCONiX, Opt Sensors Inc, Perkin Elmer Corp, PicoQuant, Adv Photon Int, Programmed Test Sources Inc, Spectronics Inc, SpectRx Inc DE biosensors; fiber-optics; avidin-biotin; antibody immobilization techniques AB Maintaining antibody function after immobilization is critical to the performance of a biosensor. The conventional methods to immobilize antibodies onto surfaces are via covalent attachment using a crosslinker or by adsorption. Often, these methods of immobilization result in partial denaturation of the antibody and conformational changes leading to a reduced activity of the antibody. In this paper, we report on the immobilization of antibodies onto the surface of an optical fiber through an avidin-biotin bridge for the detection of ricin, ovalbumin, and Bacillus globigii (Bg). The assays are performed in a sandwich format. First, a capture antibody is immobilized, followed by the addition of the analyte. Finally, a fluorophore-labeled antibody is added for the specific detection of the analyte. The evanescent wave-induced fluorescence is coupled back through the same fiber to be detected using a photodiode. In all cases, we observe an improved performance of the biosensor, i.e., lower limit of detection and wider linear dynamic range, for the assays in which the antibody is immobilized via avidin-biotin bridges compared to covalent attachment method. RP Narang, U (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,CODE 6900,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2391-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2980 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BH84B UT WOS:A1997BH84B00022 ER PT J AU Aha, DW Bankert, RL AF Aha, DW Bankert, RL TI Cloud classification using error-correcting output codes SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORK; AVHRR IMAGERY; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB Novel artificial intelligence methods are used to classify 16x16 pixel regions (obtained from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images) in terms of cloud type (e.g., stratus, cumulus). We previously reported that intelligent feature selection methods, combined with nearest neighbor classifiers, can dramatically improve classification accuracy on this task. Our subsequent analyses of the confusion matrices revealed that a small number of confusable classes (e.g., cirrus and cirrostratus) dominated the classification errors. We conjectured that, if the class labels in the data were re-represented so that these cloud classes are more easily distinguished, then additional accuracy gains might result. We explored this hypothesis by replacing each class label with a set of error-correcting output codes, a general technique applicable to any classification algorithm for tasks with at least three classes. Our initial results are promising; error correcting codes significantly increased classification accuracy compared with using standard representations for class labels. To our knowledge, this is the first successful integration of a k-nearest neighbor classifier and error-correcting output codes (i.e., where k is, effectively, small). One conclusion is that environmental scientists should always select, for their classification tasks, a classifier that reduces both variance and learning bias. C1 USN,RES LAB,MARINE METEOROL DIV,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP Aha, DW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,NAVY CTR APPL RES ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCY,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA XV566 UT WOS:A1997XV56600003 ER PT J AU Peak, JE Aha, DW AF Peak, JE Aha, DW TI AIRIES '96 - Workshop an artificial intelligence research in environmental science SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Peak, JE (reprint author), COMP SCI CORP,1900 GARDEN RD,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA XV566 UT WOS:A1997XV56600012 ER PT J AU Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME AF Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME TI Selecting the architecture of a class of back-propagation neural networks used as approximators SO AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE neural networks; approximations; response surfaces; memorization; generalization AB This paper examines the architecture of back-propagation neural networks used as approximators by addressing the interrelationship between the number of training pairs and the number of input, output, and hidden layer nodes required for a good approximation. It concentrates on nets with an input layer, one hidden layer, and one output layer. It shows that many of the currently proposed schemes for selecting network architecture for such nets are deficient. It demonstrates innumerous examples that overdetermined neural networks tend to give good approximations over a region of interest, while underdetermined networks give approximations which can satisfy the training pairs but may give poor approximations over that region of interest. A scheme is presented that adjusts the number of hidden layer nodes in a neural network so as to give an overdetermined approximation. The advantages and disadvantages of using multiple output nodes are discussed. Guidelines for selecting the number of output nodes are presented. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA, DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN, TAMPA, FL 33620 USA. USN, AIR WARFARE CTR, DIV AIRCRAFT, PATUXENT RIVER, MD 20670 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0890-0604 EI 1469-1760 J9 AI EDAM JI AI EDAM-Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WU593 UT WOS:A1997WU59300003 ER PT S AU Heinz, DD Demers, PR Pingsterhaus, M Insinna, B Minor, J Jeffers, B AF Heinz, DD Demers, PR Pingsterhaus, M Insinna, B Minor, J Jeffers, B BE Fishell, WG TI F/A-18 multi-spectral tactical reconnaissance SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXI CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Heinz, DD (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2550-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3128 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.293351 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK08S UT WOS:000071155800001 ER PT B AU Chan, F Javidi, B AF Chan, F Javidi, B BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Optimum distortion-invariant filtering algorithm for detecting maritime targets in overlapping and non-overlapping background noise SO ALGORITHMS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms, Devices, and Systems for Optical Information Processing CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE distortion-invariant optimum filter; automatic target classifier; correlation processor AB A filter function designed to maximize the peak-to-output-energy metric statistically for non-overlapping target and overlapping scene noises is extended for use to detect and identify maritime targets within the framework of an automatic target classifier. The filter is designed to be distortion-invariant with respect to different target aspects. Computer simulations show that the filter can successfully detect the distorted true class targets. A set of filters constructed using subsets of the true class input images were implemented to discriminate target aspects and shown to have reliable performance. RP Chan, F (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR DIV,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2581-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3159 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.279457 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ95C UT WOS:A1997BJ95C00005 ER PT B AU Schaum, A Stocker, A AF Schaum, A Stocker, A BE Iverson, AE Shen, SS TI Subclutter target detection using sequences of thermal infrared multispectral imagery SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery III CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multispectral; hyperspectral; change; detection; infrared; spectral/temporal; chronochrome; imaging AB Multivariate correlation techniques can be used to enhance target contrast in spectroscopic imagery. But in most cases the detectability of dim targets remains limited by residual background clutter. If, however, multiple-time measurements can be made, detection performance can be markedly enhanced by an integrated spectral/temporal technique that exploits the correlated nature of background spectral trajectories. We demonstrate the detection of extreme subpixel objects, such as is required by long-range remote sensing systems. We also show that the time intervals between data collections can be long. The confusing effects of natural background evolution-in temperature distribution or illumination-can be distinguished from anomalous changes. Data collected with longwave infrared point- and imaging-spectrometers have validated the concept. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5620,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2486-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3071 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.280605 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ39C UT WOS:A1997BJ39C00002 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC BE Zelnio, EG TI Time-frequency based ISAR image formation technique SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IV CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Conventional radar range-Doppler imaging uses the Fourier transform to retrieve Doppler information. Due to a target`s complex motion. the Doppler frequency shifts are actually time-varying. By using the Fourier transform. the Doppler spectrum becomes smeared and the image becomes bluured. In this paper, we propose a time-frequency based ISAR image formation technique to replace the Fourier based ISAR image formation for resolving image blurring problem without resorting to sophisticated motion compensation algorithms. Some high resolution time-frequency transforms are discussed and examples of applying the time-frequency based image formation to simulated ISAR data are given. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV RADAR,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2485-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3070 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.281581 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ39B UT WOS:A1997BJ39B00005 ER PT J AU Oser, RL Stout, RJ Tyler, R AF Oser, RL Stout, RJ Tyler, R GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Assessing crew information requirements for advanced diagnostic and prognostic systems: Implications for interface and training design SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Advanced diagnostic technologies that track and fuse sensor observables have been used to provide improved information for helicopter maintenance purposes. Because these systems can(1) provide detailed information about emerging system anomalies, such systems have recently been considered for use during in-flight operations. Unfortunately, while important progress has been made in the area of technologies that can provide diagnostic information, very little is known about what information is actually required by the aircrews. One reason for the lack of knowledge is because few systematic approaches exist to structure and design investigations of the dynamic processes used by aircrews during complex task performance. The current paper will: (a) describe the concept of aircrew information requirements, (b) discuss a methodology that can be used to structure and guide investigations of aircrew information requirements, (c) present results from a test of the methodology using operational aircrews, and (d) outline the implications of the methodology for future interface and training design. RP Oser, RL (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,TRAINING SYST DIV,ORLANDO,FL, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00009 ER PT J AU Williams, SL Long, KR AF Williams, SL Long, KR GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Dynamic Interface flight tests and the Pilot Rating Scale SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The US Navy (USN) conducts Dynamic Interface (DI) shipboard rotorcraft tests to improve all aspects of shipboard rotorcraft compatibility. This paper summarizes current USN DI shipboard test methodology, test coordination, and data collection, reduction, and analysis techniques, emphasizing the unique piloting and test procedural requirements imposed by adverse shipboard operational conditions. The paper highlights technical challenges encountered during recent DI test programs, and summarizes innovative test methodologies currently employed to resolve those challenges. The paper discusses the USN's DI Pilot Rating Scale (PRS), which is a simplified version of the Cooper:Harper Rating Scale. The PRS is used as the major basis for evaluation of shipboard helicopter operational flight tasks, since it more adequately addresses the complicated mission task element interactions that occur in the shipboard environment. DI PRS development history, PRS category definitions, and DI PRS test usage examples are also discussed. PRS and Cooper-Harper Rating Scales are compared, emphasizing the impact of each on both DI flight test operational efficiency and data validity. RP Williams, SL (reprint author), USN,TEST PILOT SCH,PATUXENT RIVER,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 438 EP 449 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00036 ER PT J AU McCool, KM Haas, DJ AF McCool, KM Haas, DJ GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Prediction of helicopter airspeed and sideslip angle in the low speed environment SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB A neural network based approach to helicopter low airspeed estimation has been developed and is shown to be feasible for both a tandem rotor helicopter as well as for a conventional main rotor/tail rotor configuration. Aircraft state parameters measured in the fuselage are used as inputs to two different types of networks. A backpropagation network is used to predict airspeed while a learning vector quantization network is used to categorize sideslip angle into one of four quadrants: forward, rearward, right sideward, or left sideward flight. The networks are developed based on flight test data for the HH-60J and CH-46E aircraft. Results show that HH-60J low airspeed can be predicted with an accuracy of +/-5 kn when the aircraft is in ground effect. HH-60J out of ground effect data were not available. CH-46E airspeed is predicted with an accuracy of +/-5 kn and +/-8 kn for out of ground effect and in ground effect flight conditions, respectively. Sideslip angle is successfully classified for airspeeds above 15 kn. The HH-60J sideslip angle is successfully classified into forward, rearward, right sideward or left sideward flight 92% of the time while CH-46E sideslip angle is successfully classified 91% and 96% of the time for out of ground effect and in ground effect flight, respectively. RP McCool, KM (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,BETHESDA,MD 20084, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 463 EP 473 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00038 ER PT J AU Loy, K AF Loy, K GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Carefree handling and its applications to military helicopters and missions SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Carefree handling (CFH) represents the ability of a pilot to fly throughout an aircraft's operational flight envelope without concern for exceeding structural, aerodynamic or control limits. Proper CFH system design can improve limit protection in high aggression maneuvers, reduce task time in such maneuvers by allowing the pilot to easily command maximum available performance, and reduce workload and improve situational awareness by relieving the pilot of the need to constantly monitor cockpit instruments. All helicopters can benefit from a well designed CFH system, but the benefits will vary with the particular helicopter characteristics and the mission in which it is employed. Helicopters with poor performance characteristics used in high gain missions will benefit more than those used in relatively benign missions. The author's observations of a conceptual CFH system and a discussion of the potential benefits of CFH systems, design requirements, and evaluation methods are also presented. RP Loy, K (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT TEST SQUADRON,PATUXENT RIVER,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 489 EP 494 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00041 ER PT B AU Williams, S Long, K AF Williams, S Long, K GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI The US Navy's use of visual simulation technology to optimize and refine shipboard rotorcraft compatibility SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The US Navy conducts shipboard Dynamic interface (DI) test programs to evaluate the ability of helicopters to operate aboard various ship classes, and to determine limitations associated with such operations. This paper summarizes significant USN efforts that have employed visual simulation technology, resident in the Manned Flight Simulator (MFS) facility, to improve shipboard rotorcraft compatibility. These efforts have included prototype visualization, design optimization visualization studies, manned flight simulation, and research efforts devoted to determining minimum cueing requirements for shipboard rotorcraft simulations. This paper also summarizes of work completed to date at MFS on an ongoing effort to determine the minimum visual cues necessary to conduct simulated shipboard rotorcraft launch/recovery operations. The visual cueing requirement effort investigates the impact of projected image size, ambient illumination, scene texture, and scene level of detail on a pilot's ability to conduct a simulated landing. RP Williams, S (reprint author), USN,TEST PILOT SCH,PATUXENT RIVER,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 607 EP 625 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00052 ER PT B AU Carico, D AF Carico, D GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Affordable rotorcraft acquisition, testing & training SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Life cycle cost for the next generation rotorcraft design, acquisition, testing, training, and support, using current techniques, promises to escalate in a predicted hostile fiscal environment. Aircraft testing, and the associated training and support, place large demands on flight vehicles, avionics, and weapons systems, as well as, large demands on test teams and scarce fiscal resources. Simulation may play a role in reducing the cost and time required to develop the next generation aircraft and related systems. The current generation of operational flight trainers or engineering simulators are usually vehicle specific, with no capability to support design requirements and life cycle cost analysis, and current operational flight trainers are also very expensive. Rotorcraft simulators are very limited in their ability to support flight testing, especially for at-sea scenarios. These multi-million dollar trainers can not be used for basic aircraft component load predictions, or for developing rotorcraft/ship deck landing operational envelopes. An affordable unified approach to design, acquisition, testing and training is essential to minimize the overall next generation aircraft acquisition cost, and to help define the resulting operations and support cost. Integrating an enhanced generic structure, physic-based simulation model with flight test automation software presents an option to make test and evaluation, and related training, more affordable. Integrating an enhanced generic structure, physic-based simulation model with flight test automation software and with a robust design simulation presents an option for more affordable rotorcraft acquisition, testing and training. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,TEST & EVALUAT ENGN DEPT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 1609 EP 1614 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00130 ER PT J AU Wood, DP Sexton, JL AF Wood, DP Sexton, JL TI Self-hypnosis training and captivity survival SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; FOLLOW-UP; MANAGEMENT; PAIN AB In February and March, 1973, 566 U.S. military prisoners (POWs) were released from North Vietnam. These men had been POWs for a period of time between 2 months and 9 years, with a mean incarceration of 4.44 years. They had faced physical and psychological stress similar to that experienced by POWs ft om previous wars: starvation, disease, inadequate shelter, lack of medical care, interrogations and torture (Deaton, Burge, Richlin & Latrownik, 1977; Mitchell, 1991). By definition, such prison conditions constituted a traumatic experience (Deaton et al., 1977). However, a unique stress for our POWs in North Vietnam was the additional trauma of solitary confinement. This paper reviews the coping and ''time killing'' activities of U.S. Navy Vietnam POWs who experienced solitary confinement and tortuous interrogation. This paper also reports the physical and psychological adjustment of our POWs following their release from captivity. Suggestions are made regarding the revision of the curriculum for captivity survival training programs such as Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) school. C1 NAVAL RESERVE READINESS CTR DENVER,AURORA,CO. USN,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHOL,PORTSMOUTH,VA 23708. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN HYPNOSIS PI DES PLAINES PA 2200 EAST DEVON AVE SUITE 291, DES PLAINES, IL 60018 SN 0002-9157 J9 AM J CLIN HYPN JI Am. J. Clin. Hypn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 39 IS 3 BP 201 EP 211 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA WG286 UT WOS:A1997WG28600004 PM 9037797 ER PT J AU Suwanabun, N Chouriyagune, C Eamsila, C Watcharapichat, P Dasch, GA Howard, RS Kelly, DJ AF Suwanabun, N Chouriyagune, C Eamsila, C Watcharapichat, P Dasch, GA Howard, RS Kelly, DJ TI Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in Thai scrub typhus patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; DISEASES; ANTIBODY AB We report the development of an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi antibody in human sera. Results were compared with a standard test, the indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IIP). Control serum samples were collected from 96 American soldiers and 198 Royal Thai Army soldiers with no recent history of clinical illness. Sera were examined from 79 febrile, Thai scrub typhus patients presenting at Chiang Rai (76) and Bangkraui Nontaburi (3) Provincial hospitals (cases confirmed by elevated ITP IgG levels greater than or equal to 1:1,600, IgM levels greater than or equal to 1:400, or presence of an eschar). The mean + 2 SD, used for the upper limit of normal reactions in the IgG ELISA, was 0.10 for U.S. soldiers and 0.42 for Thai soldiers. Using the 0.10 cutoff value, 29% of the asymptomatic Thai soldiers would be designated as antibody positive. Variability of IgG ELISA values was greater in the Thai soldier group than in American soldiers, possibly reflecting previous exposure to O. tsutsugamushi. In the Thai patients, there was a significant correlation between LTP titers and single serum dilution (1:100) ELISA values (IgG, r = 0.75, n = 104; P < 0.0005; IgM, r = 0.70, n = 75; P < 0.0005) and between IIP titers and ELISA titers (IgG, r = 0.87, n = 103; P < 0.0005; IgM, r = 0.76, n = 75; P < 0.0005). The single serum dilution ELISA was as effective as the titration in determining presence of specific antibodies. The O. tsutsugamushi ELISA is a rapid and objective test amenable to accurately testing the large numbers of sera often obtained in seroepidemiologic investigations. C1 CHIANGRAI PRACHANUCHROA HOSP,DEPT MED,CHIANG MAI,THAILAND. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,ROYAL THAI ARMY MED DEPT,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. USN,MED RES INST,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,MED COMPONENT,ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP Suwanabun, N (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT RICKETTSIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WL889 UT WOS:A1997WL88900009 PM 9063359 ER PT B AU Jason, PK AF Jason, PK BE Nalbantian, S TI The men in Nin's (characters') lives SO ANAIS NIN - LITERARY PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Anais Nin - Literary Perspectives CY MAY, 1994 CL LONG ISL UNIV, SOUTHAMPTON CAMPUS, SOUTHAMPTON, NY HO LONG ISL UNIV, SOUTHAMPTON CAMPUS C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST MARTINS PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA SCHOLARLY AND REFERENCE BOOKS DIVISION, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA BN 0-312-16523-4 PY 1997 BP 139 EP 150 PG 12 WC Literary Reviews; Literature SC Literature GA BK05R UT WOS:000071008000010 ER PT J AU Eberhart, GD Amundson, DE Lin, FL AF Eberhart, GD Amundson, DE Lin, FL TI Angioedema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID THERAPY C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT CRIT CARE & CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. RP Eberhart, GD (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WE357 UT WOS:A1997WE35700020 PM 9012629 ER PT J AU Cooke, D Luqi AF Cooke, D Luqi TI Logic programming and software maintenance SO ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT El Paso Shell Oil Symposium on Logic Programming, Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Reasoning about Actions, in Honor of the 50th Birthday of Professor Michael Gelfond CY NOV 05, 1995 CL EL PASO, TEXAS SP Shell Oil Co, Univ Texas, El Paso, Texas ID SPECIFICATION AB The main objective of this short paper is to describe the relationship between software maintenance and logic programming (both declarative and procedural), and to show how ideas and methods from logic programming (in particular, methods invented by M. Gelfond) can be used in software maintenance. The material presented in this paper partly appeared in (Luqi and Cooke, 1995). The main difference is that (Luqi and Cooke, 1995) is aimed mainly at software engineers, so it only briefly touches on the software engineering problems, while describing in great detail the basics of logic programming. In contrast, in this paper, we assume that the corresponding logic programming notions are well known, but describe the corresponding software engineering applications in greater detail. C1 Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cooke, D (reprint author), Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1012-2443 J9 ANN MATH ARTIF INTEL JI Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA YP150 UT WOS:000071247700005 ER PT J AU Kang, M Wright, GP Chandrasekharan, R Mookerjee, R AF Kang, M Wright, GP Chandrasekharan, R Mookerjee, R TI The design and implementation of OR/SM: A prototype integrated modeling environment SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SML LANGUAGE; MANAGEMENT AB This paper describes the design, implementation, and interaction of the processes of OR/SM, a computerized modeling environment built on ORACLE Tools and Database (OR) using Structured Modeling (SM) as the conceptual framework. Some of the key features of OR/SM include: (a) interactive checking of model syntax and semantics; (b) automatic generation of relational database tables for model data; (c) automatic generation of several reference documents; (d) automatic and interactive links to SAS, a powerful and widely used commercial statistical analysis software system and optimization solver; and (e) an interactive link to QS (Quantitative Systems) - a commercial software package for solving a wide range of operations management models. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. PURDUE UNIV,KRANNERT GRAD SCH MANAGEMENT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV WASHINGTON,MANAGEMENT SCI DEPT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CENT MISSOURI STATE UNIV,COLL BUSINESS & ECON,WARRENSBURG,MO 64093. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 1997 VL 72 BP 211 EP 240 DI 10.1023/A:1018948305095 PG 30 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA XV698 UT WOS:A1997XV69800009 ER PT J AU Ramesh, B Stubbs, C Powers, T Edwards, M AF Ramesh, B Stubbs, C Powers, T Edwards, M TI Requirements traceability: Theory and practice SO ANNALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID SYSTEMS AB Current literature as well as standards that mandate requirements traceability do not provide a comprehensive model of what information should be captured and used as a part of a traceability scheme, leading to wide variation in the quality and usefulness of traceability practice across systems development efforts. In this paper, we present a framework for representing and developing a traceability scheme. The experiences of an organization using traceability as an important component of a quality software engineering process are discussed. Models describing the traceability practice in the organization, as well as issues and lessons learned, both from organizational and technical perspectives, from implementing a comprehensive traceability practice are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Code SMRA, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Air Test & Evaluat Ctr, Squadron 1 VX1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. US Coast Guard Commander, TMM, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. NSWCCD, Code B44, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Ramesh, B (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Ramesh, Balasubramaniam/C-2565-2008 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-7091 J9 ANN SOFTW ENG JI Ann. Softw. Eng. PY 1997 VL 3 BP 397 EP 415 DI 10.1023/A:1018969401055 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA YP168 UT WOS:000071249400016 ER PT J AU Kosman, RJ AF Kosman, RJ TI A two-step methodology to reduce requirement defects SO ANNALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INSPECTION AB Defects are introduced into a software product during every phase of software development. A major source of defects that is often overlooked is requirements generation. Requirement errors discovered in later phases of the software development process are the most costly to correct because all phases of software development are usually impacted. Requirement defects can be categorized into two main types: 1) specification generation errors; and 2) unwanted/unnecessary/incorrect user functionality. This experience report presents the results of incorporating a two-step methodology which combines Operational Demonstrations of the user interface and Requirement Inspections on software requirement specifications. The two-step methodology addresses and corrects both types of requirement defects. Results from this experience support the premise that cost reduction and quality improvement can be obtained using a combined Operational Demonstration and Requirement Inspection development methodology for software requirements. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kosman, RJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Code 3122,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-7091 J9 ANN SOFTW ENG JI Ann. Softw. Eng. PY 1997 VL 3 BP 477 EP 494 DI 10.1023/A:1018925618802 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA YP168 UT WOS:000071249400020 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Baird, JK Basri, H Wiady, I Purnomo Bangs, MJ Subianto, B Harjosuwarno, S Tjitra, E Richie, TL Hoffman, SL AF Fryauff, DJ Baird, JK Basri, H Wiady, I Purnomo Bangs, MJ Subianto, B Harjosuwarno, S Tjitra, E Richie, TL Hoffman, SL TI Halofantrine and primaquine for radical cure of malaria in Irian Jaya, Indonesia SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; PROPHYLAXIS; FALCIPARUM AB The combination of halofantrine and primaquine therapies was evaluated as a regimen for achieving radical cure of falciparum or vivax malaria in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and compared with combined chloroquine and primaquine therapies. The patients who volunteered for the study [adult, male, Indonesian immigrants with no previous exposure to endemic malaria, normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, uncomplicated malaria illness, no prior use of antimalarials, and parasitaemias of 0.001%-1.0%] were randomized to receive either halofantrine (24 mg base/kg bodyweight, in three equal doses over 12 h) or chloroquine (25 mg base/kg bodyweight over 48 h, in doses of 10, 10 and 5 mg base/kg at 24-h intervals). Each patient also received concurrent daily primaquine (0.5 mg base/kg bodyweight) for 14 days followed by the same dose on alternate days to day 28. A recurrent parasitaemia during the 28 days of follow-up constituted drug failure. Of the 40 cases of falciparum malaria and 26 cases of vivax malaria treated with halofantrine-primaquine, none had a recurrent parasitaemia (100% efficacy). In contrast, 20 of 30 patients with falciparum malaria and three of 27 with vivax malaria had recurrent parasitaemias after chloroquine-primaquine, giving efficacies of 33% and 89%, respectively. Halofantrine-primaquine was significantly more effective than chloroquine-primaquine against falciparum malaria (P< 0.001) but was similarly efficacious against vivax malaria (P = 0.23). On average, fever associated with falciparum or vivax malaria cleared 17 h faster with halofantrine-primaquine (P<0.01) although there were no significant differences (P>0.4) in parasite-clearance times between the two regimens. The halofantrine-primaquine regimen was also associated with a more rapid and significant decline in malaria-related physical complaints. C1 KANWIL OFF,PROVINCIAL HLTH SERV,IRIAN JAYA,INDONESIA. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. MINIST HLTH,KOMPLEKS LITBANGKES P2MPLP,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), US NAMRU 2 JAKARTA,BOX 3,APO,AP 96520, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 91 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA WG914 UT WOS:A1997WG91400002 PM 9093424 ER PT J AU Lean, J AF Lean, J TI The sun's variable radiation and its relevance for earth SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE solar variability; climate change; ozone; space weather; upper atmosphere; ionosphere ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; LONG-TERM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TOTAL OZONE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRUM; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; BRIGHTNESS CHANGES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CIRCULATION MODEL AB To what extent are changes in the Earth's global environment linked with fluctuations in its primary energy source, the radiation from a variable star, the Sun? A firm scientific basis for policy making with regard to anthropogenic greenhouse warming of climate and chlorofluorocarbon depletion of ozone requires a reliable answer to this question. Reduction of the vulnerability of spacecraft operations and communications to space weather necessitates knowledge of solar induced variability in Earth's upper atmosphere. Toward these goals, solar radiation monitoring and studies of solar variability mechanisms facilitate an understanding of the sources and amplitudes of the Sun's changing radiation. Interdisciplinary studies that link these changes with a wide array of terrestrial phenomena over the longer time scales of global change and the shorter time scales of space weather address the relevance of solar radiation variability for Earth. However, although numerous associations are apparent between solar and terrestrial fluctuations, full comprehension of the physical mechanisms responsible for the many facets of radiative Sun-Earth coupling remains to be accomplished. RP Lean, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 170 TC 147 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 13 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 1997 VL 35 BP 33 EP 67 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.33 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX692 UT WOS:A1997XX69200004 ER PT S AU Stumborg, MF Santiago, F Chu, TK Price, JL Guardala, NA Land, DJ AF Stumborg, MF Santiago, F Chu, TK Price, JL Guardala, NA Land, DJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Heavy ion beam backscattering spectroscopy of GaAs/BaF2/GaAs heterostructures SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Heavy Ion Backscattering Spectroscopy (HIBS) using 12.4 MeV Carbon ion beams was used to examine GaAs/BaF2/GaAs heterostructures deposited on GaAs substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The ability of the heavier ions to separate the backscattered signals of Arsenic and Gallium, as well as the individual isotopes of Gallium, was used to verify the 50/50 stoichiometry of the MBE grown GaAs layers. This information is not readily available using traditional insitu MBE diagnostic techniques. HIBS spectra were analyzed using a modification of an existing Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) analysis program. The HIBS spectra were also instrumental in identifying interdiffusion of BaF2 and GaAs layers taking place during MBE growth. This information was used to modify the MBE growth process to achieve sharper interfaces between the BaF2 and GaAs layers. RP Stumborg, MF (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV CODE B40,17320 DAHLGREN RD,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 635 EP 638 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00155 ER PT S AU Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK Treacy, DJ DeTurck, TM Enge, HA AF Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK Treacy, DJ DeTurck, TM Enge, HA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Status of the Naval Research Laboratory trace element accelerator mass spectrometer: Characterization of the pretzel magnet SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB A novel design for a trace element accelerator mass spectrometer has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory and is now under construction. It will allow parallel analysis of a broad range of impurities in electronic, biological, and geological materials. The system includes a modified commercial secondary ion mass spectrometer (Physical Electronics, model 6300) as the source of secondary ions, a recombinator consisting of a Pretzel magnet that serves as a tunable notch mass filter, a 3MV Pelletron tandem accelerator, a large electrostatic analyzer, and a split-pole magnetic spectrograph with a 1.5-m-long focal plane. All other ion optical and steering elements are electrostatic, to maintain parallel transmission of different mass species. This paper summarizes the design concept, and describes in some detail the characteristics of the Pretzel magnet. RP Knies, DL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6670,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00191 ER PT B AU Singer, SM AF Singer, SM BE Nasrabadi, NM Katsaggelos, AK TI Multi-sensor integration and image recognition using fuzzy adaptive resonance theory SO APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN IMAGE PROCESSING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing II CY FEB 12-13, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (FuzzyART); arresting gear; recursive least squares estimator (RLE); model/reference adaptive control (MRAC); multi-sensor integration (MSI); neural networks; pattern recognition; path planning; aircraft (AC) AB The main objective of this work was to investigate the use of ''Sensor Based Real Time Decision and Control Technology'' applied to actively central the arrestment of aircraft (Manned or Unmanned), The proposed method is to develop an adaptively controlled system that would locate the aircraft's extended tailhook, predict its position and speed at the time of arrestment, adjust an arresting end effector to actively mate with the arresting hook and remove the aircraft's kinetic energy, thus minimizing the arresting distance and impact stresses. The focus of the work presented in this paper was to explore the use of Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theorem (FuzzyArt) Neural Network to form a MSI scheme which reduces image data to recognize incoming aircraft and extended tailhook. Using inputs from several Image sources a single fused image was generated to give details about range and tailhook characteristics for an F18 naval aircraft. The idea is to partition an image into cells and evaluate each using FuzzyArt. Once the incoming aircraft is located in a cell that subimage is again divided into smaller cells. This image is evaluated to locate various parts of the aircraft (i.e., wings, tail, tailhook, etc..). The cell that contains the tailhook provides resolved position information. Multiple images from separate sensors provides opportunity to generate range details overtime. RP Singer, SM (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,NAWCAD LAKEHURST,BLDG 562,CODE 481300BT562,LAKEHURST,NJ 08733, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2441-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3030 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.269770 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH57F UT WOS:A1997BH57F00012 ER PT B AU Aglitskiy, Y Lehecka, T Obenschain, S Bodner, S Pawley, C Gerber, K Sethian, J Brown, CM Seely, J Feldman, U Holland, G AF Aglitskiy, Y Lehecka, T Obenschain, S Bodner, S Pawley, C Gerber, K Sethian, J Brown, CM Seely, J Feldman, U Holland, G BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI The use of spherically bent crystals for the Nike laser plasmas spectral diagnostics and monochromatic imaging. SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 SPIE Conference on Applications of X Ray Generated From Lasers and Other Bright Sources CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE X-rays; monochromatic imaging; plasma diagnostics; ICF; KrF lasers AB A new X-ray imaging system based on spherically curved crystals has been developed. It is designed and used for diagnostics of targets ablatively accelerated by the Nike KrF laser. Applications of this instrument include spectroscopy with one-dimension of spatial resolution and two-dimensional monochromatic self-imaging and backlighting. The imaging system with various crystals of mica and quartz is used for plasma diagnostics of the main target and for characterization of potential backlighters. A spherically curved quartz crystal (2d=6.687 Angstrom, R=200 mm) is used to produce monochromatic backlit images with the He-like Si resonance line (1865 eV) as the source of radiation. The spatial resolution of the X-ray optical system is 1.7 mu m in selected places and 2-3 mu m over large area. Time resolved backlit monochromatic images of CH planar targets driven by the Nike facility have been obtained with 6-7 mu m spatial resolution. RP Aglitskiy, Y (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2579-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3157 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.284001 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ87L UT WOS:A1997BJ87L00011 ER PT B AU Seely, JF Holland, GE Boehly, T Pien, G Bradley, D AF Seely, JF Holland, GE Boehly, T Pien, G Bradley, D BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI Comparison of the uniformity of soft and hard x-ray emissions from gold foils irradiated by OMEGA laser beams SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 SPIE Conference on Applications of X Ray Generated From Lasers and Other Bright Sources CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multilayer mirror; laser produced plasma; x-ray imaging AB A comparison of the uniformity of the soft and hard x-ray emissions from planar gold foils irradiated by OMEGA laser beams has been performed. A normal-incidence microscope with two multilayer coated mirrors formed two-dimensional images at a wavelength of 48.3 Angstrom (257 eV energy). The X5.8 magnified images were recorded by a gated framing camera at various times during the 3 nsec laser pulse. A pinhole camera imaged the x-ray emission in the energy range >2 keV. On a spatial scale of 10 mu m, it was found that the soft x-ray images at 257 eV were quite uniform and featureless. In contrast, the hard x-ray images in the energy range >2 keV were highly nonuniform with numerous features of size 100-150 mu m. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV SPACE SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2579-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3157 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1117/12.279422 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ87L UT WOS:A1997BJ87L00025 ER PT S AU Hammel, S Barnett, J Platt, N AF Hammel, S Barnett, J Platt, N BE Kadtke, JB Bulsara, A TI Diagnosing intermittency SO APPLIED NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS NEAR THE MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Systems near the Millennium CY JUL, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA AB Many systems are observed to exhibit short bursts of intense activity, followed by periods of quiescence. Sustained alternation between these two qualitatively different states is called intermittency, and we investigate a form known as on-off intermittency. Models for this form of intermittency utilize a master-slave coupling between two simple dynamical systems. Our approach treats the output of the slave system as an observable, and we seek to deduce the character of the background master system which is driving it. For our work this means a statement about the structure of the probability density function for the observed slave variable. C1 USN, Res & Dev, NCCOSC, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hammel, S (reprint author), USN, Res & Dev, NCCOSC, Code 743, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-736-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 411 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BK19E UT WOS:000071453600008 ER PT S AU Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB AF Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB BE Kadtke, JB Bulsara, A TI Karhunen-Loeve mode control in chaotic reaction-diffusion system SO APPLIED NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS NEAR THE MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Systems near the Millennium CY JUL, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA AB We introduce a chaos control method which stabilizes unstable states of a spatio-temporal process based on analyzing the dynamics of the main coherent structure in the data represented by the highest energy Karhunen-Loeve mode. The problem is then reduced to the application of embedding techniques to the control of a time series given by the amplitude of a dominant spatial mode. Control is applied to a reaction-diffusion process where we stabilize an unstable orbit inside a chaotic regime. By perturbing the boundary condition, stabilization occurs as the result of a travelling wave propagating through the bulk media. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Triandaf, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-736-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 411 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BK19E UT WOS:000071453600015 ER PT S AU Claassen, JH AF Claassen, JH BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Accuracy and sensitivity of penetration depth measurements in superconducting films using the mutual inductance method SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB The London penetration depth of a superconducting film may be determined using a measurement of the mutual inductance between a pair of small coils along a common axis, located on opposite sides of the film. Two coil configurations are compared: a simple "dipole" winding (all turns of the same polarity), and a "quadrupole" coil with counter wound dipoles mounted one above the other. It is shown that generally the simple dipole arrangement gives superior results. For a typical YBCO film the demonstrated resolution in penetration depth is <0.01 nm. Uncertainties in coil dimensions can produce a systematic error in the absolute magnitude of the penetration depth similar to 5%. Random errors are less than 5% for substrates as small as 7 mm effective diameter and films as thick as 750 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200014 ER PT S AU Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS Koller, D Stroud, RM Kim, J Eddy, CR Byers, JM Woodfield, BF Daly, GM Clinton, TW Johnson, M Auyeung, RCY AF Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS Koller, D Stroud, RM Kim, J Eddy, CR Byers, JM Woodfield, BF Daly, GM Clinton, TW Johnson, M Auyeung, RCY BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Suppression of superconductivity by injection of spin-polarized current SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente ID CHARGE AB We present results demonstrating that the superconductivity in thin films can be strongly influenced by the injection of a spin-polarized current from a magnetic material. The effect has been found to occur in both low T-c (Sn) and high T-c (YBa2Cu3O7-delta) superconductors when either a ferromagnetic material, permalloy (Ni0.8Fe0.2), or a collosal magnetic material LaSrMnO is used as the source of spin polarization. Control experiments showed that unpolarized current from a nonmagnetic metal had comparatively little effect on the same superconductors. A phenomenological model in which the energy gap of the superconductor is strongly perturbed by the presence of excess spin polarized electrons is found to mimic the experimental results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 789 EP 792 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200195 ER PT S AU Soulen, RJ AF Soulen, RJ BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI The life and times of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente AB This paper reviews some of the highlights of this famous pioneer in superconductivity and low temperature physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6344, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 1691 EP 1696 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200419 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Graham, JS Skelton, HG Hurst, CG AF Smith, KJ Graham, JS Skelton, HG Hurst, CG TI Additional observations using a pulsed carbon dioxide laser with a fixed pulse duration SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN,WASHINGTON,DC. USA,ARLINGTON,VA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), USA,NATL NAVAL CTR,6514 ROCKHURST RD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 133 IS 1 BP 105 EP 107 DI 10.1001/archderm.133.1.105 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA WC675 UT WOS:A1997WC67500020 PM 9006385 ER PT J AU Power, MH Regillo, CD Custis, PH AF Power, MH Regillo, CD Custis, PH TI Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with Purtscher retinopathy SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USAF,DEPT CLIN INVEST,NAVAL MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. USN,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 115 IS 1 BP 128 EP 129 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WC264 UT WOS:A1997WC26400029 PM 9006443 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Spielberg, H Cliff, RO Wassef, NM Rudolph, AS Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Spielberg, H Cliff, RO Wassef, NM Rudolph, AS Alving, CR TI Complement activation and thromboxane secretion by liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin in rats in vivo: Inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1 SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; IN-VITRO; A(2); RABBIT AB Intravenous administration of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) in rats led to an early (within 15 min) decline of hemolytic complement (C) activity in the plasma along with a significant, parallel rise in thromboxane B-2 (TXB2) levels. The TXB2 response was inhibited by co-administration of soluble C receptor type 1 (sCR1) with LEH, as well as by C depletion with cobra venom factor. These observations provide evidence for a causal relationship between LEH-induced C activation and TXB2 release, and suggest that sCR1 could be useful in attenuating the acute respiratory, hematological and hemodynamic side effects of LEH described earlier in the rat. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MEMBRANE BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.3109/10731199709118925 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA XL592 UT WOS:A1997XL59200003 PM 9242930 ER PT B AU Gutkind, SD Spaulding, LR AF Gutkind, SD Spaulding, LR GP AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL TI Redefining good enough for government work SO ASQC'S 51ST ANNUAL QUALITY CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Quality Control Congress of the American-Society-for-Quality-Control CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Qual Control DE ISO 9000; quality management system AB In November 1995 the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, received certification under ISO 9001. This certification covered five product lines and 320 employees. The Division's goal is to ensure that all of the Division's product lines and employees are certified under ISO standards by the year 2000. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, ISO Program, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Gutkind, SD (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, ISO Program, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL PI MILWAUKEE PA 611 E WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA PY 1997 BP 344 EP 350 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BK34H UT WOS:000071845700055 ER PT B AU Elias, NM AF Elias, NM BE Hunt, G Payne, HE TI Tcl- and [incr tcl]-based applications for astronomy and the sciences SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS VI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 22-26, 1996 CL OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA SP Natl Radio Astron Observ, Univ Virginia, Dept Astron & Comp Sci, Associated Univ Inc, European So Observ, Gemini 8m Telescopes Project, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, NASA, Natl Ctr Supercomp Appl, Natl Optical Astron Observ, Natl Res Council Canada, Natl Sci Fdn, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Space Telescope Sci Inst, GE Fanuc Automat, Sprint Communicat, Sun Microsyst Inc HO OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL AB Tcl is a shell/script language used to create both instrumental control systems and interactive data reduction programs. It has extensions for creating GUI (Tk) and object-oriented ([incr tcl]) applications. Several Tcl-based tools that may be used for astronomical and other scientific applications have been created and are discussed. One example is ptcl, which registers PGPLOT functions as Tcl commands, creating a powerful interactive plotting package. The Tcl-astronomy WWW home-page and majordomo mailing list server are also described. C1 USN Observ, Navy Prototype Opt Interferometer, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Elias, NM (reprint author), USN Observ, Navy Prototype Opt Interferometer, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-45-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1997 VL 125 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BK80E UT WOS:000073444100029 ER PT B AU Wang, D Howard, RA Paswaters, SE Esfandiari, AE Rich, N AF Wang, D Howard, RA Paswaters, SE Esfandiari, AE Rich, N BE Hunt, G Payne, HE TI The LASCO data archive SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS VI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 22-26, 1996 CL OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA SP Natl Radio Astron Observ, Univ Virginia, Dept Astron & Comp Sci, Associated Univ Inc, European So Observ, Gemini 8m Telescopes Project, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, NASA, Natl Ctr Supercomp Appl, Natl Optical Astron Observ, Natl Res Council Canada, Natl Sci Fdn, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Space Telescope Sci Inst, GE Fanuc Automat, Sprint Communicat, Sun Microsyst Inc HO OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL AB The data archive for the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) is designed to contain 1 B of image data in an easy to use CD-R based archive. This paper discusses the planning, implementation and cost considerations of designing the archive. The problem of getting data into the archive and distributing data to Co-I institutes is also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-45-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1997 VL 125 BP 282 EP 285 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BK80E UT WOS:000073444100066 ER PT B AU Esfandiari, AE Paswaters, SE Wang, D Howard, RA AF Esfandiari, AE Paswaters, SE Wang, D Howard, RA BE Hunt, G Payne, HE TI QDB: An IDL-based interface to LASCO databases SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS VI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 22-26, 1996 CL OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA SP Natl Radio Astron Observ, Univ Virginia, Dept Astron & Comp Sci, Associated Univ Inc, European So Observ, Gemini 8m Telescopes Project, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, NASA, Natl Ctr Supercomp Appl, Natl Optical Astron Observ, Natl Res Council Canada, Natl Sci Fdn, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Space Telescope Sci Inst, GE Fanuc Automat, Sprint Communicat, Sun Microsyst Inc HO OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL AB QDB is a collection of IDL and C routines that provides a query interface to the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronograph (LASCO) databases maintained under the Sybase database management system. IDL widgets are used extensively to display the databases, tables, columns, and on-line help. This is a fully automated process-no code modification is required to reflect database changes such as adding/dropping databases, tables, or columns. Standard Query Language (SQL) is used to build a query based on the user selection. This query is then passed via Remote SHell (rsh) to two C routines that access the Sybase Open Client Database library to execute the query. The result is returned in an IDL structure. Another set of IDL routines optionally displays or manipulates the data in this structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esfandiari, AE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7660,4555 Overlook,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-45-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1997 VL 125 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BK80E UT WOS:000073444100083 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Doschek, GA Klimchuk, JA AF Feldman, U Doschek, GA Klimchuk, JA TI The occurrence rate of soft X-ray flares as a function of solar activity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun, activity; Sun, flares; Sun, X-rays, gamma rays ID AU-MICROSCOPII; STARS; VARIABILITY; MICROFLARES; NANOFLARES; EMISSION; EXOSAT; BURSTS AB In this paper we investigate the occurrence rate of soft X-ray solar flares observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). The analysis includes all flares classified as equal to or brighter than Al and covers the time period from 1993 November to 1995 July. We find a power-law relationship between the number of flares per hour and peak X-ray brightness in the 1-8 Angstrom range. The average power-law index for dN/dF, where N is the number of events per hour and F, the GOES flux, is about - 1.88 +/- 0.21. A similar result was found from previous work based on uncollimated GOES-type observations concerning flares brighter than about C2. This index is independent of the background flux level (which is related to the solar activity level) to within our statistical uncertainties. We obtain the FWHM distribution of flare lifetimes from our sample and find that the distribution is independent of X-ray brightness class. We extrapolate the soft X-ray flare occurrence rate obtained for the Sun to other very active solar-like stars. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 474 IS 1 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1086/303428 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WA682 UT WOS:A1997WA68200042 ER PT J AU Hoekzema, NM Rutten, RJ Cook, JW AF Hoekzema, NM Rutten, RJ Cook, JW TI Ultraviolet jets and bright points in the solar chromosphere .2. Statistical correlations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun, chromosphere; Sun, oscillations; Sun, UV radiation ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE MINIMUM; DISK CHROMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FINE-STRUCTURE; P-MODES; F-MODES; OSCILLATIONS; FILTERGRAMS; TRANSITION AB We use HRTS-VI rocket observations of the solar chromosphere to search for relationships between high-Dopplershift ''jets'' observed in the C I lines near lambda = 156 nm and internetwork ''bright points'' observed in the lambda = 160 nm continuum, in sequel to the analysis by Cook et al. which failed to find a direct connection between these phenomena. We now use the same data to establish statistical correlations between C I Dopplershift and 160 nm brightness modulation in internetwork areas. These mean relations emerge only after extensive spatial averaging and have small amplitude, but are definitely significant. They show that both C I Dopplershift and 160 nm brightness participate in oscillatory behavior with 3 minute periodicity and mesoscale (8 Mm wavelength) as well as small-scale (1.4 Mm wavelength) spatial patterning. We find spatial and temporal phase relations between Dopplershift and brightness that confirm that jets and bright points should not be interpreted as isolated entities. Rather, they are chromospheric manifestations, with much pattern interference, of the oscillatory acoustic shock dynamics in the internetwork which also cause Ca II K-2V grains. Additional small-scale modulation is present which we attribute to waves with f-mode character. C1 USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP STERREKUNDIG INST, POSTBUS 80 000, NL-3508 TA UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. RI Hoekzema, Nick/A-2413-2010 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 474 IS 1 BP 518 EP + DI 10.1086/303450 PN 1 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WA682 UT WOS:A1997WA68200043 ER PT S AU Wechsler, H Kakkad, V Huang, J Gutta, S Chen, V AF Wechsler, H Kakkad, V Huang, J Gutta, S Chen, V BE Bigun, J Chollet, G Borgefors, G TI Automatic Video-Based Person Authentication using the RBF network SO AUDIO- AND VIDEO-BASED BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Audio-Based and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA 97) CY MAR 12-14, 1997 CL CRANS MONTANA, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lausanne, Switzerland, Dalle Molle Inst Percept Artificial Intelligence, Martigny, Switzerland, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Swiss Grp Artificial Intelligence & Cognit Sci, Swiss Grp Specialized Telecommun Enterprise Networking & Serv Automat, MATRA Commun, SODEVAL S A, Valais Econ Dev Corp, SWISS TELECOM AB As more and more forensic information becomes available on video we address in this paper the Automatic Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA). Possible tasks and application scenarios under consideration involve detection and tracking of humans and human (ID) verification. Authentication corresponds to ID verification and involves actual (face) recognition for the subject(s) detected in the video sequence. The architecture for AVBPA takes advantage of the active vision paradigm and it involves difference methods or optical flow analysis to detect the moving subject, projection analysis and decision trees (DT) for face location, and connectionist network - Radial Basis Function (RBF) for authentication. Subject detection and face location correspond to video break and key frame detection, respectively, while recognition itself corresponds to authentication. The active vision paradigm is most appropriate for video processing where one has to cope with huge amounts of image data and where further sensing and processing of additional frames is feasible. As a result of such an approach video processing becomes feasible in terms of decreased computational resources ('time') spent and increased confidence in the (authentication) decisions reached despite sometime poor quality imagery. Experimental results on three FERET video sequences prove the feasibility of our approach. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wechsler, H (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM wechsler@cs.gmu.edu; vkakkad@site.gmu.edu; rhuang@cs.gmu.edu; sgutta@cs.gmu.edu; chen@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-62660-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1206 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK21A UT WOS:000071537700011 ER PT B AU Rogers, GW Roberts, RD Rais, H AF Rogers, GW Roberts, RD Rais, H BE Sadjadi, FA TI Stochastic clutter characterization in NASA/JPL AIRSAR imagery SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synthetic aperture radar; stochastic; spatial; semiparametric density estimation AB The background or clutter in SAR imagery has a significant stochastic component. It is often desirable to be able to rapidly characterize the clutter distribution and/or classify the background type based on the clutter distribution. We model the stochastic clutter as a piecewise stationary random held. The individual stationary subregions of homogeneity in the held can then be characterized by marginal density functions. This level of characterization is often sufficient for determination of clutter type on a local basis. We present a technique for the simultaneous characterization of the subregions of a random field based on semiparametric density estimation on the entire random field. This technique is based on a borrowed strength methodology that allows the use of observations from potentially dissimilar subregions to improve local density estimation and hence random process characterization. This approach is demonstrated on a set of NASA/JPL AIRSAR images, including an example of clutter dependent crash site detection. RP Rogers, GW (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,ADV COMPUTAT TECH GRP,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.277102 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00017 ER PT B AU Green, JE Rogers, GW AF Green, JE Rogers, GW BE Sadjadi, FA TI A data management approach to search and rescue synthetic aperture radar SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE data management; database; synthetic aperture radar; search and rescue AB The NASA sponsored Search and Rescue Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR(2)) program seeks to use foliage penetrating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to locate light plane crashes in remote areas. In addition to the hardware and pattern recognition issues, data management is recognized as a significant part of the overall problem A single NASA/JPL AIRSAR polarimetric image in P, L, and C bands takes approximately 524 megabytes of storage. Algorithmic development efforts, as well as an eventual operational system, will likely require maintaining a large database of SAR imagery, as well as derived features and associated geographical information. The need for this much data is driven in large part by the complexity of the detection problem. A simple classification/detection algorithm does not currently seem feasible. Rather, a data driven approach that can incorporate local background characteristics as well as geographical information seems to be called for. This in turn makes data management a key issue. This paper presents a comprehensive data management framework suitable for the 'SAR(2) problem, as well as other similar massive data set management problems. RP Green, JE (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.277111 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00025 ER PT B AU Wallet, BC Marchette, DJ Solka, JL AF Wallet, BC Marchette, DJ Solka, JL BE Sadjadi, FA TI Using genetic algorithms to search for optimal projections SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Difficulties in performing density estimation in high dimensional space require dimensionality reduction in many automatic target recognition applications. This paper presents a method using a genetic algorithm to determine projections which are near optimal according to an arbitrary criteria function. An example is presented which optimizes a discriminant criteria in the use of a quadratic classifier to detect regions of interest for locating SCUD missiles in an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery. RP Wallet, BC (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,ADV COMPUTAT TECHNOL GRP,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1117/12.277123 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00036 ER PT B AU Yen, NC Dragonette, LR AF Yen, NC Dragonette, LR BE Sadjadi, FA TI Wave packet decomposition for acoustic target recognition SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE acoustic scattering; wave packet decomposition; time-frequency analysis; target classification; sonar AB The acoustic response scattered by an object depends on its physical shape and structure and on its elastic properties. This paper addresses the exploitation of the information contained in the scattered waves and with the aim of providing a broader view of waveform analysis as applied to target detection and classification applications. The approach for this target recognition methodology is to reduce the multi-feature appearance obtained from time frequency analysis of the received sensor signals into wave packets associated with the important scattering mechanisms. This decomposition method has a wide range of signal processing applications, the particular application considered here is sonar systems. In the case of a sonar target, mechanisms such as specular reflections, creeping waves, chalice waves, Bragg waves, and Bloch waves from different parts of target or scattering centers can be incorporated into the target characterization. By applying pattern recognition logic, the present study can serve as a useful background for new sonar system development with advanced processing techniques and state-of-the-art computer hardware. Examples from simulation and laboratory measurements are used to test the robust nature of the target's structural responses and scattering center distributions and to assess the capability of this target recognition scheme. RP Yen, NC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,PHYS ACOUST BRANCH,APPL ACOUST SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 436 EP 445 DI 10.1117/12.277129 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00044 ER PT B AU George, J AF George, J BE Sadjadi, FA TI Shallow water passive acoustic detection using normal modal components in fluctuation-based processing SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE shallow water; fluctuations; normal modes; passive detection; acoustic detection; shallow sources; deep sources AB The use of normal modes in fluctuation-based processing for passive shallow water acoustic detection of submerged sources is investigated. Simulations using a Pekeris waveguide have been done. The results indicate that fluctuations of the total acoustic field are generally larger for near-surface noise sources, than for deeper ones. When individual modes are considered, the fluctuations are quite large when all noise sources are located near the ocean surface. But fluctuations are reduced when even a weak noise source is present at a deeper location. Fluctuations are always high in the small region in source depth where the modal function is close to zero. The submerged source indicator introduced by Wagstaff exhibit similar trends as the standard deviation of fluctuations, and accentuates those trends. Further research is suggested to learn the effects of using a finite number of hydrophones for modal projection. The effects of random ambient noise, and ambient noise sources distributed in a spatial continuum must also be investigated. RP George, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,OCEAN ACOUST BRANCH,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1117/12.277131 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00045 ER PT B AU Ding, R Darling, W AF Ding, R Darling, W GP IEEE TI Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) test program set development (TPSD) hypertext guide (THG) SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) documentation used to develop CASS test program sets (TPS) is extensive In size, is updated frequently, and is used by large numbers of TPS developers at numerous sites This documentation was originally delivered In paper format, which was relatively difficult and expensive to maintain and distribute. Alternate methods of maintaining and distributing these documents were investigated in an attempt to reduce problems and costs. This technical paper will discuss how and why the CASS TPS development documentation was converted from a large set ct books to the Test Program Set Development (TPSD) Hypertext Guide (THG) a set of hypertexted documents that is now being distributed and read on the World Wide Web (WWW). This paper will also provide information on the associated costs and benefits, as well as describe how these documents are currently being maintained and controlled. RP Ding, R (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,CASS SYST SOFTWARE CONFIGURAT MANAGEMENT GRP,LAKEHURST,NJ 08733, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633546 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00006 ER PT B AU Rochin, JAG Roderick, A AF Rochin, JAG Roderick, A GP IEEE TI Aircraft Stores Interface Manual (ASIM) adopts paperless information technology SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB During recent years Defense budgets have been cut across all services while the cost of maintaining current standards has risen. The Aircraft Stores Interface Manual (ASIM) Program Office found that maintaining a staff of people for paper updates was no longer feasible and was tasked by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Air Armament Working Party (AAWP) to digitize the ASIM manuals. Converting this information from paper to electronic media presented several challenges which are discussed. Adopting Paperless Information Technology and replacing ''Snail Mail'' with the World Wide Web is presented. RP Rochin, JAG (reprint author), USN,NAWCWPNSDIV PT MUGU,POINT MUGU NAWC,CA 93042, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633547 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00007 ER PT B AU Venetsky, L Singer, S AF Venetsky, L Singer, S GP IEEE TI Next Generation Test Generator (NGTG) for analog circuits SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper describes a system that automatically generates tests for an analog Unit Under Test (UUT) in Learning Mode, and then deploys the system for fault detection and isolation in the Production Mode. The NGTG consists of the following main components: a) Minimized Input Test Pattern Generator, b) UUT simulator, and last but not least, c) Evaluation System. The NGTG Is a process that utilizes Fuzzy Artmap neural network for fault diagnostics and detection and Genetic algorithm for test generation and fault coverage optimization. RP Venetsky, L (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,GENER TECHNOL OFF,LAKEHURST,NJ 08733, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00019 ER PT B AU Lynch, ML AF Lynch, ML GP IEEE TI Using commercial modeling and simulation tools within NGTG processes SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB Next Generation Test Generator (NGTG) processes require the existence of circuit models, both good and faulty, as well as the simulation of these models in order to develop tests in an effective manner. This paper addresses the issues associated with model development and simulation within an NGTG framework. The emphasis of the model development and simulation methods is on the use of commercial tools. If test automation processes are to be successfully used throughout the design and test community, the tools that designers are familiar with and use everyday must be incorporated into the NGTG processes. This paper describes the overall system briefly and the functional elements related to model development in detail. The model development portion of the system is composed of three basic functional elements: Netlist Generator (NG), Component Model Library (CML) and Automatic Model Builder (AMB), The simulation of the models is an integral part of the Automatic Test Generation (ATG) system and is presented in detail. A circuit model development process is described which allows for the creation of the good circuit model as well as the fault models necessary as part of the ATG systems. The model development and simulation approach emphasizes the use of commercial tools such as OrCAD(R)'s Capture, Simucad's SILOS(R) III and Intusoft(TM)'s ICAP/4. RP Lynch, ML (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,DIV NEWPORT,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633584 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00020 ER PT B AU West, GM AF West, GM GP IEEE TI Next Generation Test Generator (NGTG) interface to Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) for digital circuits SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB Although current methods for digital and analog circuit testing in the NAVY Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) environment are adequate, there are limitations and pitfalls. These can be due to inadequate transfer of information between the design and test of a circuit card resulting in untestable circuits. This can lead to expensive and time consuming test generation. Next Generation Test Generator (NGTG) has developed a process that will generate tests and diagnostic data using genetic algorithms and neural networks. This paper will describe the procedure that will be used to interface NGTG and the ATE. NGTG will be demonstrated on Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS). For digital circuit testing, the CASS environment uses the Digital Test Unit (DTU). This environment requires diagnostic data in a unique language, L200, to process information. The NGTG system must interface with the DTU via Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems (ATLAS) code. ATLAS uses a Functional External Program (FEP) to interface with the DTU. This paper will describe the two options and the necessary steps to demonstrate NGTG on CASS. These options involve diagnostic data in the proposed IEEE - P1445 Standard, Digital Test Interchange Format (DTIF) formatted files and new NGTG/FEP interfaces. RP West, GM (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,SUPPORT EQUIPMENT ATE CASS BRANCH,CODE 483200B,LAKEHURST,NJ 08733, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 126 EP 128 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633587 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00021 ER PT B AU Preiss, SA Mirabile, AF AF Preiss, SA Mirabile, AF GP IEEE TI The common munitions bit reprogramming equipment: A management update SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper offers insight into the challenges of the modern day defense department procurement process. The Common Munitions Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) will be used to initiate BIT and provide BIT status. The CMBRE will also up load/down load and verify applicable software including Operational flight Programs (OFPs) and mission planning data. The CMBRE is an interservices tester which embodies all the elements of the ''new'' procurement process. This process includes Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) emphasis, military streamlining initiatives, combined Air Force and Navy Integrated Product Teams (IPTs), multiple munitions testing, portability and an Interservice/contractor communication process. This paper gives unique management and technical perspective, written against a real world contract backdrop, and provides lessons which can provide guidance for both the buyer and seller to achieve a ''Win-win'' outcome for defense related procurements heading into the 21st century. RP Preiss, SA (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,ENGN ACQUISIT BRANCH,WEAPONS & TARGETS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT DIV,POINT MUGU NAWC,CA 93042, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633616 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00035 ER PT B AU Freschi, S Holland, TA Broadus, WA AF Freschi, S Holland, TA Broadus, WA GP IEEE TI Achieving affordable readiness in naval aviation maintenance through the acquisition and management of ATE and TPSs - Opportunities and challenges SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB Operations and support (O&S) costs account for between 50 and 60% of the Navy's Total Obligation Authority (TOA). Affordable Readiness is the primary means by which the Navy will reduce these costs to create savings for investments in recapitalization and modernization of operational capability necessary to perform our mission. Affordable readiness is a business practice will, four interrelated elements. flexible sustainment; sustained maintenance planning; total cost of ownership; and rightsourcing. Our challenge in the Automatic Test Systems (ATS) community is to engage in this process to provide a capability such that when avionics reliability requires if, intermediate level support is an effective and affordable support solution. We most, however, re-engineer our business processes to support affordable readiness in the Navy to ensure the products we provide meet our customers requirements. This paper will translate the business processes of acquiring and managing automatic test equipment (ATE) and test program sets (TPSs) into the four elements of affordable madness and a cohesive vision of the future, while highlighting the opportunities and challenges confronting Government managers and our industry partners. RP Freschi, S (reprint author), USN,AIR SYST COMMAND,COMMON SUPPORT EQUIPMENT IPT,ARLINGTON,VA 22202, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633625 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00039 ER PT B AU Paul, S Davis, CV AF Paul, S Davis, CV GP IEEE TI Military automatic test systems acquisition - The navy requirements officer perspective SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB In the current environment of DOD downsizing, considerable savings can be achieved by timely, appropriate ATS decisions. Frequently decisions are made in an environment where ATS and support in general is down-played in favor of more glamorous ''smoke-and-fire'' budget elements. Sometimes this is a result of inadequate preparation, sometimes front a lack of understanding of the process, almost always from a lack of knowledge regarding the funding process process where support and ATS interests are represented by the Requirements Officer (RO). This paper provides an overview of the RO's perspective. RP Paul, S (reprint author), USN,AIR SYST COMMAND,UNIT IPT,BLDG 2272,SUITE 349,47123 BUSE RD,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00040 ER PT B AU Borrero, M Deffler, J AF Borrero, M Deffler, J GP IEEE TI Development of a Standard Test Program Set Cost Model SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The Standard Test Program Set Cost Model (STCM) is an integrated model suite being developed jointly by Naval Air Warfare Gentes Aircraft Division Lakehurst (NAWCAD LKE), Naval Aviation Depot Jacksonville (NADEP JAX), and Test Automation incorporated (TAI) to provide government agencies with a tool to perform consistent TPS cost estimating across multiple Automatic Test System (ATS) platforms. Through the World Wide Web, STCM will provide the government Test Program Set (TPS) Program Manager (PM) with a comprehensive fool for TPS cost estimating, forecasting, and tracking by capitalizing on the unique capabilities of the following existing software tools for TPS cost estimation and ATS analysis: NAWCAD LKE System Synthesis Model Plus (SSM+) NADEP JAX Should-Cost BPS Cost Estimate Model NADEP JAX Auto-ID Merge Model TAI cost Asset Schedule Prediction Evaluation Routine (CASPER). RP Borrero, M (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,LAKEHURST,NJ 08733, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633629 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00041 ER PT B AU Molnar, JA Zborofsky, R AF Molnar, JA Zborofsky, R GP IEEE TI W-Band synthesized signal generator using fundamental voltage controlled oscillators SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The architecture and implementation of a W-Band signal generator are described. The architecture presented highlights the developmental areas of: the signal source, frequency control, output control and modulation. voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) were developed to provide frequency agility, to enhance the viability of frequency modulation (FM) characteristics, and to improve weight and power management requirements. Frequency control and phase coherence were achieved through the exploitation of digital phase lock loop (PLL) techniques. PIN diode attenuators that were developed cover the entire W-Band and provide the capacity for output level control. Additionally, the attenuators provide the capacity for amplitude modulation (AM) and pulse modulation (PM) because of the attenuation flatness (<5dB), large dynamic range (>40dB), and modulation bandwidth. A prototype has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility. The final implementation will be integrated into a C-sized VXI module chassis. RP Molnar, JA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,SYST INSTRUMENTAT & INTEGRAT SECT,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633639 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00051 ER PT B AU Molnar, JA AF Molnar, JA GP IEEE TI Summary and applicability of analog fault detection/isolation techniques SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB A survey of common analog fault diagnostic techniques is provided. The focus is on providing information to facilitate the use of viable techniques suited for a problem definition. The level of understanding of the analog system is correlated with the type of techniques best suited for the diagnostic system. Reviewed are techniques from Control Theory, Probability Theory, Computational Expert Systems, and Computational Artificial Intelligence. The Control Theory techniques are suited best for system diagnostic problems where the system model is accurately understood. Techniques that employ Probability Theory are valuable for addressing uncertainty that arises in diagnostics of systems affected by noise. Computational Expert Systems address the problem of diagnostics by creating a data structure to represent the diagnostic process or system relationship representation. The technique can be used to great advantage in situations where the diagnostic process is accurately understood. Computational Artificial intelligence techniques are presented as being best suited for systems where little reliable knowledge is known. The analysis does not preclude the use of any technique, but rather addresses efficiency of application. RP Molnar, JA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,SYST INSTRUMENTAT & INTEGRAT SECT,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633649 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00061 ER PT B AU Allen, D AF Allen, D GP IEEE TI Partial differentiation of Boolean functions with applications to design and test SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB A partial differential operator consisting of phase and enable is defined for Boolean functions associated with combinatorial digital circuitry. The items of the partial differentials can be used for generation of test vectors and analysis of circuitry. RP Allen, D (reprint author), USN,WARFARE ASSESSMENT DIV,POB 5000,CORONA,CA 91718, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 422 EP 424 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633655 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00067 ER PT J AU Krentz, MJ Li, GH Baker, SP AF Krentz, MJ Li, GH Baker, SP TI At work and play in a hazardous environment: Injuries aboard a deployed US Navy aircraft carrier SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOLDIERS; RISK AB Background: A deployed U.S. Navy aircraft carrier is a hazardous environment where work and recreation intermingle. Injuries causing time lost from assigned duties may impact aviation safety and operational readiness. This descriptive study examines injuries sustained on the flight deck, in the hangar bay, or in the gym of a deployed aircraft carrier, focusing on those injuries resulting in lost duty days. Methods: Injuries recorded by the ship's medical department were analyzed, relating lost duty injuries to the following parameters: division, rank, time of day, location of injury event, whether injury was job-related or recreational, type of recreational activity, and mechanism, type, and anatomic site of injury. Results: During a 6-mo deployment, 335 injuries occurred in the shipboard locations studied. More than one-third (36%) of these injuries resulted in lost duty time, accounting for 768 man-days of lost duty during the deployment. Recreational injuries represented 19% of all injuries, but 25% of all lost duty injuries, a statistically significant contribution to lost duty time when compared to job-related injuries (p = 0.04). The sports of basketball, volleyball, and football were more likely than other recreational activities to cause injuries resulting in lost duty time (p = 0.01). Musculoskeletal injuries, particularly injuries involving the lower extremity, neck, and back, were also associated with increased risk of lost duty time (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although recreational injuries are less frequent than job-related injuries in the study population, they contribute disproportionately to lost duty time. Injury prevention in similar environments should address recreational as well as work-related activities. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR INJURY RES & POLICY,BALTIMORE,MD. RP Krentz, MJ (reprint author), USN,AEROSP & OPERAT MED INST,CODE 32R,220 HOVEY RD,PENSACOLA,FL 32508, USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R29AA09963-02]; PHS HHS [R49CCR302486] NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WD145 UT WOS:A1997WD14500010 PM 9006883 ER PT J AU Davenport, NA AF Davenport, NA TI Predictors of barotrauma events in a Navy altitude chamber SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Barotrauma in the flight environment is a significant cause of incidents and mishaps. Upper respiratory infections and allergic rhinitis are considered to increase the risk of barotrauma in the changing pressure environment. In an attempt to identify antecedent conditions as predictors of barotrauma, all adverse outcomes which occurred in a Navy altitude chamber during 1993-94 were investigated. Methods: A retrospective study of chamber logs, pre-chamber screening questionnaires, and a medical waiver database was conducted on altitude chamber trainees at the Naval Aerospace and Operational Medical Institute. Barotrauma cases were confirmed by reviewing ENT consultation records. Chamber screening questionnaires and medical waiver status were compared between barotrauma cases and a control group from the same chamber runs. Results: Of 5851 trainees, 193 (3.3%) experienced adverse events during this period, with an additional 9 events occurring to inside observers. Barotrauma, with 160 cases, accounted for the greatest number of these events. Upper respiratory symptoms were present in 12 (7.7%) of the barotrauma cases and 15 (4.8%) of the controls. Waivers for upper respiratory conditions such as allergic rhinitis were present in 9 (6.1%) of the barotrauma cases and 17 (5.7%) of the controls. Under-reporting of upper respiratory conditions on pre-chamber screening was found however, with only 7 of 28 cases with recent cold symptoms reporting this prior to chamber training. Conclusions: No significant differences were found in predictors for barotrauma between cases and controls in this study group. C1 USN,AEROSP & OPERAT MED INST,NAS,PENSACOLA,FL. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WD145 UT WOS:A1997WD14500012 PM 9006885 ER PT J AU Feeks, EF Murphy, GL Porter, HO AF Feeks, EF Murphy, GL Porter, HO TI Laughter in the cockpit: Gelastic seizures - A case report SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We present a case of gelastic seizures in a student naval aviator. He was noted to have uncontrollable fits of laughter on several occasions, but was not referred to his flight surgeon until he had a gelastic seizure while flying in formation, which jeopardized the safety of the flight. He had an aura consisting of lack of concentration, which was then followed by 10 s or less of hysterical laughter. For the previous year and a half, he had had frequent episodes of nocturnal laughter so loud that he woke members of his household and occasionally himself. His neurological evaluation was normal, except for an electroencephalogram (EEG) and a separate video recording, which documented the ictal nature of his events. Gelastic seizures have not previously been discussed in the literature of aerospace medicine. This case illustrates a rare condition that should be considered in patients presenting with inappropriate laughter, and serves as a reminder of the need for continuous, ongoing evaluation of all aircrew by the cognizant flight surgeon. C1 USN,AIR STN,WHITING FIELD,FL. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. USN HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,PENSACOLA,FL. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WD145 UT WOS:A1997WD14500013 PM 9006886 ER PT B AU Williams, RJ Meryman, HT Douglas, MS Mehl, PM AF Williams, RJ Meryman, HT Douglas, MS Mehl, PM BE Ellis, RH Black, M Murdoch, AJ Hong, TD TI Freezing stress, osmotic strain, and their viscoelastic coupling SO BASIC AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF SEED BIOLOGY SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Seeds CY SEP 15, 1995 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Annals Bot Co, CABI, Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Elsoms Seeds, Gatsby Fdn, Germains, Hilleshog, Int Sci Fdn, Kluwer Acad Publ, Marcel Dekker, Maribo Seed, PBI, Royal Soc, Sharpes Int Seeds, Zeneca Seeds HO UNIV READING AB This paper attempts to explain why, against seemingly overwhelming odds, certain organisms can tolerate freezing to low temperatures, why some attempts to imitate this in nontolerant organisms have been partially successful, and why narrowly constrained rates of drying, cooling and heating are critical to that success. Below the ice point, temperature lowering reduces the vapour pressure of water, and the semipermeability of membranes imposes a large mechanical or 'osmotic' stress on cells which undergo a deformation, or strain, borne principally by the cytoskeleton. Nonetheless, even lethal stresses can have their effects deferred for minutes or even hours, providing a 'window' for cryopreservation. We propose that because the connection between stress and strain is not elastic but viscoelastic, the strain is spread over time and its intensity diluted. Beyond limits of time and intensity, relaxation in the cytoskeleton will become irreversible. We offer an Avrami model in which an Arrhenius expression models the temperature effect and elastic moduli supply an activation energy, to provide a rational basis for the development of cryopreservation techniques. RP Williams, RJ (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,TRANSFUS & CRYOBIOL RES PROGRAM,8901 WISCONSIN AVE,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4363-8 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1997 VL 30 BP 723 EP 735 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH23T UT WOS:A1997BH23T00080 ER PT S AU Rule, DW Fiorito, RB Kimura, WD AF Rule, DW Fiorito, RB Kimura, WD BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Noninterceptive beam diagnostics based on diffraction radiation SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Diffraction radiation (DR) can be described as the scattering or diffraction of pseudo-photons associated with the transverse electromagnetic field of a relativistic charged particle, when the particle passes through an aperture or near an object. DR is closely related to transition radiation (TR) which is produced when a charged particle crosses a boundary between media with different dielectric constants. DR is also associated with ''beam loading'' which occurs when beams pass through discontinuties in their transport lines. DR is very similar in its properties to TR, so that much of what has been developed for TR beam diagnostics can readily be adapted to DR diagnostics. We will present concepts for using DR as a compact, nondestructive diagnostic that can measure the beam divergence, beam profile, and thus emittance in real time. These concepts, together with the previously demonstrated use of DR for longitudinal bunch length measurement, make an attractive suite of noninterceptive, time-resolved diagnostics which parallel those based on TR. RP Rule, DW (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WEAP,10901 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE,SILVER SPRING,MD 20903, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 510 EP 517 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00050 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Jacoby, MA Ligler, FS King, KD AF Anderson, GP Jacoby, MA Ligler, FS King, KD TI Effectiveness of protein A for antibody immobilization for a fiber optic biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE protein A; antibodies; fiber optic biosensor; regeneration ID EVANESCENT-WAVE; PROBES AB The fiber optic biosensor performs fluoroimmunoassays at the surface of multimode optical fibers. The effectiveness of protein A, an immunoglobulin binding protein, for antibody immobilization on the surface of these fiber probes has been investigated. No difference was observed in the binding of fluorescently-labeled goat-IgG by rabbit anti-goat IgG regardless of whether the capture antibody was bound to the probe surface via protein A or covalently attached. However, in a sandwich immunoassay for the F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis, probes with rabbit anti-plague IgG bound to the surface via protein A generated twice the signal as probes with the antibody covalently attached. Assay regeneration was also examined with protein A probes since antibody-antigen complexes have been successfully eluted from protein A under low pH conditions. Protein A probes coated with rabbit anti-goat IgG obtained nearly identical signal levels at 500 and 5000 ng/ml of Cy5.5 goat IgG five consecutive times following regeneration with glycine-HCl, 2% acetic acid, pH 2.5. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 16 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(96)00074-7 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XB628 UT WOS:A1997XB62800008 PM 9178518 ER PT J AU Narang, U Anderson, GP Ligler, FS Burans, J AF Narang, U Anderson, GP Ligler, FS Burans, J TI Fiber optic-based biosensor for ricin SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; evanescent wave; plant toxins; ricin; avidin; biotin ID IMMUNOTOXINS; TOXIN; ELISA AB We report on an evanescent wave fiber-optic biosensor for detecting a potently toxic protein, ricin, in the picograms per milliliter range. A sandwich immunoassay scheme was used to detect ricin. First, an anti-ricin IgG was immobilized onto the surface of an optical fiber in two different ways. In the first method, the antibody was directly coated to the silanized fiber using a crosslinker. Second, avidin-coated fibers were incubated with biotinylated antiricin IgG to immobilize the antibody using an avidin-biotin bridge. The assay using the avidin-biotin linked antibody demonstrated higher sensitivity and wider linear dynamic range than the assay using antibody directly conjugated to the surface. The linear dynamic range of detection for ricin in buffer using the avidin-biotin chemistry is 100 pg/ml-250 ng/ml. The limits of detection for ricin in buffer solution and river water are 100 pg/ml and 1 ng/ml, respectively. At higher concentrations of ricin ( > 50 ng/ml), we observe a strong interaction of ricin with the avidin coated on the surface of the fibers. We have demonstrated that this interaction is primarily due to the lectin activity of ricin and is significantly reduced using fibers coated with neutravidin or by adding galactose to the ricin samples. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.navy.nrl.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 22 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 9-10 BP 937 EP 945 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(97)00027-4 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YQ268 UT WOS:000071368300007 PM 9451784 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Donner, B Edelstein, R Breslin, K Bhatia, SK Ligler, FS AF Shriver-Lake, LC Donner, B Edelstein, R Breslin, K Bhatia, SK Ligler, FS TI Antibody immobilization using heterobifunctional crosslinkers SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE antibody immobilization; protein immobilization; crosslinker; fiber optic biosensor; immunosensor ID FIBEROPTIC BIOSENSOR; SURFACES AB Covalent attachment of functional proteins to a solid support is important for biosensors. One method employs thiol-terminal silanes and heterobifunctional crosslinkers such as N-succinimidyl 4-maleimidobutyrate (GMBS) to immobilize proteins through amino groups onto glass, silica, silicon or platinum surfaces. In this report, several heterobifunctional crosslinkers are compared to GMBS for their ability to immobilize active antibodies onto glass cover slips at a high density. Antibodies were immobilized at densities of 74-220 ng/cm(2) with high levels of specific antigen binding. Carbohydrate-reactive crosslinkers were also compared to GMBS using a fiber optic biosensor to detect fluorescently-labeled antigen. At the concentrations tested, the antibodies immobilized with carbohydrate-reactive crosslinkers bound more antigen than GMBS immobilized antibodies as indicated by the fluorescence signal. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 10903 Indian Head Highway, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. NR 10 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1101 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(97)00070-5 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YQ694 UT WOS:000071413900005 PM 9451798 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Vogt, A AF Gray, JE Vogt, A TI Is symmetry informative? SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE communication; information; probability; symmetry AB Is symmetry informative? The answer is both yes and no. We examine what information and symmetry are and how they are related. Our approach is primarily mathematical, not because mathematics provides the final word, but because it provides an insightful and relatively precise starting point. Information theory treats transformations that messages undergo from source to destination. Symmetries are information that leave some property of interest unchanged. In this respect the studies of information and symmetry can both be regarded as a Quest for the identity transformation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE DD,DAHLGREN,VA 22448. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-2647 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0303-2647(97)01693-6 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA XG234 UT WOS:A1997XG23400004 PM 9224554 ER PT J AU Elston, TC Bulsara, AR AF Elston, TC Bulsara, AR TI First passage statistics of periodically driven models for neural dynamics SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neuronal Coding CY SEP 11-14, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ, Ctr Theoret Study, Acad Sci Czech Republic DE neural dynamics; periodic stimuli; first passage studies ID STOCHASTIC RESONANCE; NOISE AB The dynamics of two simple neuron models subjected to periodic stimuli is studied at the level of the first passage time probability density. The results from analytic treatments of these models are presented, and a discussion of the important properties displayed by these models is given. Specifically, both models possess resonans phenomena in the first passage probability distribution, arising from of the interplay of characteristic time-scales in the system. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. USN,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RES DEV TEST & EVALUAT DIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-2647 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0303-2647(96)01628-0 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA VU215 UT WOS:A1997VU21500006 PM 8971194 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG AF DeGiorgi, VG BE Frankel, JI Brebbia, CA Aliabadi, MAH TI Influence of seawater composition on corrosion prevention system parameters SO BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY XII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology (BETECH 97) CY 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Univ Tennessee, Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Tennessee, Res Adm, Univ Tennessee, Coll Engn, ALCOA, Allied Signal, Maryville, Allied Signal, Knoxville, Automated Anal Corp, Dynaflow Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Int Soc Boundary Elements AB Cathodic protection systems, such as those designed for ships, utilize material electrochemical properties to minimize corrosion damage. The extent of material interaction in the corrosion process is partially dependent on the resitivity of the surrounding medium. A medium with low resititvity, such as seawater, provides a greater degree of electrical connectivity than a medium of higher resistivity. In computational modeling studies seawater is typically represented as a uniform continuum with a single set of material properties. In reality, the resistivity of seawater varies with the amount of salt content and temperature. Salt content may vary for many reasons, including an influx of fresh water or evaporation. In this work variations in corrosion protection provided by an impressed current cathodic protection system under moderate variations in seawater resistivity are examined. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MECH MAT BRANCH,CODE 6382,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-460-5 PY 1997 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BJ03D UT WOS:A1997BJ03D00043 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG AF DeGiorgi, VG BE Marchetti, M Brebbia, CA Aliabadi, MH TI Review of computational analyses of ship cathodic protection systems SO BOUNDARY ELEMENTS XIX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on the Boundary Element Method CY SEP, 1997 CL ROME, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ La Sapienza, Fac Ingn AB Computational modeling techniques have long been applied to corrosion problems. Boundary element techniques are well suited for cathodic protection systems intended to minimize electrochemical corrosion on the exterior of ship hulls. The performance of these systems is governed by LaPlace's equation and these systems exist in unbounded domains (i.e. the open sea). This article reviews the work performed in the past decade (1987-present) on boundary element modeling of ship impressed current cathodic protection systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mech Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mech Mat Branch, Code 6380, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-472-9 PY 1997 BP 829 EP 838 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BK76B UT WOS:000073334800081 ER PT J AU Zaloudik, J Basak, S Nesbit, M Speicher, DW Wunner, WH Miller, E ErnstGrotkowski, C Kennedy, R Bergsagel, LP Koido, T Herlyn, D AF Zaloudik, J Basak, S Nesbit, M Speicher, DW Wunner, WH Miller, E ErnstGrotkowski, C Kennedy, R Bergsagel, LP Koido, T Herlyn, D TI Expression of an antigen homologous to the human CO17-1A/GA733 colon cancer antigen in animal tissues SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE colorectal carcinoma; CO17-1A/GA733 antigen homologue; murine epithelial glycoprotein; experimental animals ID CARCINOMA-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN; IGG2A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HUMAN-TUMOR GROWTH; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; EPITHELIAL GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIIDIOTYPIC ANTIBODY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CELL; CDNA; ADENOCARCINOMA AB The CO17-1A/GA733 antigen is associated with human carcinomas and some normal epithelial tissues. This antigen has shown promise as a target in approaches to passive and active immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. The relevance of animal models for studies of immunotherapy targeting this antigen in patients is dependent on the expression of the antigen on normal animal tissues. Immunohistoperoxidase staining with polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the human antigen revealed the human homologue on normal small intestine, colon and liver of mice, rats and non-human primates, whereas mouse monoclonal antibodies to the CO17-1A or GA733 epitopes on the human antigen did not detect the antigen. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies, elicited by the murine antigen homologue derived from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells, immunoprecipitated the antigen from mouse small intestine, colon, stomach, kidney and lung. The isolated recombinant murine protein bound polyclonal, but not monoclonal, antibodies to the human CO17-1A/GA733 antigen, and recombinant human antigen bound polyclonal antibodies elicited by the murine antigen homologue. Thus, the antigen homologue expressed by animal tissues is similar, but not identical, to the human antigen. These results have important implications for experimental active and passive immunotherapy targeting the CO17-1A/GA733 antigen. C1 WISTAR INST ANAT & BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. MED COLL PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. USN,MED ONCOL BRANCH,NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RI Bergsagel, Peter/A-7842-2011 OI Bergsagel, Peter/0000-0003-1523-7388 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 10815, CA 43735, CA 605595] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PY 1997 VL 76 IS 7 BP 909 EP 916 DI 10.1038/bjc.1997.483 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XZ119 UT WOS:A1997XZ11900013 PM 9328151 ER PT J AU Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA Carpenter, RL Burkhart, JG AF Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA Carpenter, RL Burkhart, JG TI A mathematical model for intracellular effects of toxins on DNA adduction and repair SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID O-6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; CELLS; ETHYLNITROSOUREA; DERIVATIVES; MUTATION; AGENTS AB The processes by which certain classes of toxic compounds or their metabolites may react with DNA to alter the genetic information contained in subsequent generations of cells or organisms are a major component of hazard associated with exposure to chemicals in the environment. Many classes of chemicals may form DNA adducts and there may or may not be a defined mechanism to remove a particular adduct from DNA independent of replication. Many compounds and metabolites that bind DNA also readily bind existing proteins; some classes of toxins and DNA adducts have the capacity to inactivate a repair enzyme and divert the repair process competitively. This paper formulates an intracellular dynamic model for one aspect of the action of toxins that form DNA adducts, recognizing a capacity for removal of those adducts by a repair enzyme combined with reaction of the toxin and/or the DNA adduct to inactivate the repair enzyme. This particular model illustrates the possible saturation of repair enzyme capacity by the toxin dosage and shows that bistable behavior can occur, with the potential to induce abrupt shifts away from steady-state equilibria. The model suggests that bistable behavior, dose and variation between individuals or tissues may combine under certain conditions to amplify the biological effect of dose observed as DNA adduction and its consequences as mutation. A model recognizing stochastic phenomena also indicates that variation in within-cell toxin concentration may promote jumps between stable equilibria. (C) 1997 Society for Mathematical Biology C1 NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DAYTON, OH 45433 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NIEHS, ENVIRONM TOXICOL PROGRAM, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RP Gaver, DP (reprint author), USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT OPERAT RES, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 59 IS 1 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0092-8240(96)00056-0 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA VZ850 UT WOS:A1997VZ85000005 PM 8980304 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Bastiaans, LM Zeitler, JW McPherson, RA Rydell, NN Rao, GV Warthan, HP Kloesel, KA Heckman, BE Ramamurthy, MK AF Smith, DR Bastiaans, LM Zeitler, JW McPherson, RA Rydell, NN Rao, GV Warthan, HP Kloesel, KA Heckman, BE Ramamurthy, MK TI Meeting report on the Fifth AMS Symposium on Education SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The American Meteorological Society (AMS) held its Fifth Symposium on Education in conjunction with the 76th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia. The theme of this year's symposium was ''Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences: Building the Future on a Solid Foundation.'' Thirty-four oral presentations and 41 poster presentations summarized a variety of educational programs or examined issues of importance for both the precollege and university levels. There was also a joint session with the 12th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrography on new technologies for the classroom. Over 200 people representing a wide spectrum of the Society attended one or more of the sessions in this two-day conference, where they increased their awareness of educational initiatives of members and institutions associated with AMS. C1 NASSAU COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT PHYS SCI,GARDEN CITY,NY 11530. NATL WEATHER SERV,RAPID CITY,SD. OKLAHOMA CLIMATE SURVEY,SARKEYS ENERGY CTR,NORMAN,OK. NATL WEATHER SERV,NEW BRAUNFELS,TX. ST LOUIS UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63103. TOWERS HIGH SCH,STONE MT,GA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV CORP ATMOSPHER RES,COMET,BOULDER,CO. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT OCEANOG,572 HOLLOWAY RD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 1 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WJ825 UT WOS:A1997WJ82500006 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Gomez-Saladin, E Purnomo Sumawinata, I Sutamihardja, MA Tuti, S Subianto, B Richie, TL AF Fryauff, DJ Gomez-Saladin, E Purnomo Sumawinata, I Sutamihardja, MA Tuti, S Subianto, B Richie, TL TI Comparative performance of the ParaSight (R) F test for detection of Plasmodium falciparum in malaria-immune and nonimmune populations in Irian Jaya, Indonesia SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD AB A comparison was made of the performance of the ParaSight(R) F test (F test) for detection of Plasmodium falciparum in blood from malaria-immune (410 native Irianese) and nonimmune (369 new transmigrants) populations in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, where malaria is hyperendemic and all four species of human malaria occur. There were highly significant differences between populations in the sensitivity (Irianese, 60% versus transmigrants, 84%; P < 0.001) and specificity (Irianese, 97% versus transmigrants, 84%; P < 0.001) of the F test, The test had comparably high levels of sensitivity for irianese children aged less than or equal to 10 years, both age groups of transmigrants (76-85%), but low sensitivity for Irianese aged >10 years (40%), among whom only 7% of parasitaemias <120 per mu l and 69% of those> 120 per mu l were detected, Specificity was comparably high for transmigrant children aged less than or equal to 10 years and both age groups of Irianese (93-98%), The low specificity for transmigrants aged > 10 years (79%) was due to a preponderance of false positives, frequently identified by microscopy as P. vivax. The results suggest that comparison based on microscopy underestimated the performance of the ParaSight(R) F test and that malaria immune status, irrespective of P, falciparum density, may influence the test's sensitivity. C1 USN, Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, APO, AP 96520 USA. NIHRD, Communicable Dis Res Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. Prov Hlth Serv, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, Box 3, APO, AP 96520 USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1997 VL 75 IS 6 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YY462 UT WOS:000072149000007 PM 9509627 ER PT J AU Cronce, DT Mansour, AN Brown, RP Beard, BC AF Cronce, DT Mansour, AN Brown, RP Beard, BC TI SeF4 and SF4 fluorination of BPL activated carbon surfaces SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; fluorination ID ADSORPTION; OXYGEN AB Fluorination of the surfaces of activated carbons has been proposed as a method to enhance the resistance of the activated carbon to the unwanted adsorption of water. In addition, the fluorination would increase the efficiency of the activated carbon to adsorb hydrophobic compounds. This study details the fluorination of BPL activated carbon with two selective fluorinating agents, selenium tetrafluoride (SeF4) and sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4). SeF4 and SF4 have been used previously to replace oxygen atoms with fluorine atoms. The BPL activated carbon was oxidized with nitric acid to increase the number of surface oxides present on the activated carbon. These surface oxides were the intended targets for the SeF4 and SF4 fluorinations. Results presented in this report include the reaction procedures used and the elemental chemical analysis of the products. Total fluorine content of the products and changes in the atomic percentages of carbon and oxygen from before the fluorination reactions to after reactions were completed are reported. Also, results of water uptake, surface acidity and surface area analysis studies are provided. (C) 1997. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Cronce, DT (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,17320 DAHLGREN RD B51,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 483 EP 495 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(96)00169-8 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA WV645 UT WOS:A1997WV64500006 ER PT B AU Aha, DW Breslow, LA AF Aha, DW Breslow, LA BE Leake, DB Plaza, E TI Refining conversational case libraries SO CASE-BASED REASONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR-97) CY JUL 25-27, 1997 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND AB Conversational case-based reasoning (CBR) shells (e.g., Inference's CBR Express) are commercially successful tools for supporting the development of help desk and related applications. In contrast to rule-based expert systems, they capture knowledge as cases rather than more problematic rules, and they can be incrementally extended. However, rather than eliminate the knowledge engineering bottleneck, they refocus it on case engineering, the task of carefully authoring cases according to library design guidelines to ensure good performance. Designing complex libraries according to these guidelines is difficult; software is needed to assist users with case authoring. We describe an approach for revising case libraries according to design guidelines, its implementation in CLIRE, and empirical results showing that, under some conditions, this approach can improve conversational CBR performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aha, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-63233-6 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 1997 VL 1266 BP 267 EP 278 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BK96Z UT WOS:000073947800026 ER PT J AU Coffey, S Healy, L Neal, H AF Coffey, S Healy, L Neal, H TI Applications of parallel processing to astrodynamics SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 Session on Dynamics and Astrometry - Present and Future CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP IAU, Astronom Observatory, Poznan, Observatoire Cote d Azur, Grasse AB Parallel processing is being used to improve the catalog of earth orbiting satellites and for problems associated with the catalog. Initial efforts centered around using SIMD parallel processors to perform debris conjunction analysis and satellite dynamics studies. More recently, the availability of cheap supercomputing processors and parallel processing software such as PVM have enabled the reutilization of existing astrodynamics software in distributed parallel processing environments. Computations once taking many days with traditional mainframes are now being performed in only a few hours. Efforts underway for the US Naval Space Command include conjunction prediction, uncorrelated target processing and a new space object catalog based on orbit determination and prediction with special perturbations methods. RP Coffey, S (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1007/BF00048824 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA XH640 UT WOS:A1997XH64000008 ER PT J AU Seidelmann, PK AF Seidelmann, PK TI Astrometry in the future SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 Session on Dynamics and Astrometry - Present and Future CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP IAU, Astronom Observatory, Poznan, Observatoire Cote d Azur, Grasse AB The introduction of the extragalactic reference frame and the availability of the Hipparcos and Tycho catalogs will have major impacts on changing the accuracy levels of astrometry in the future. There is a need for accurate densification of the reference frames down to at least 20(th) magnitude. Also accurate space motions and distances will be required. The ground based observations must be supplemented by space missions. In addition to traditional positional astrometry, the scientific applications of planetary detection, distance scales, multiple star systems, mass detections, solar system motions and geodesy will be advanced by the new accuracies. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1007/BF00048828 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA XH640 UT WOS:A1997XH64000012 ER PT B AU Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA Motevalli, V AF Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA Motevalli, V GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI The contributions of various mechanisms in water mist suppression of a small diffusion flame SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ndubizu, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500013 ER PT B AU Reed, MD Williams, BA Sheinson, RS Fleming, JW AF Reed, MD Williams, BA Sheinson, RS Fleming, JW GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Behavior of bicarbonate powders in counterflow diffusion flames SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Combust Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reed, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Combust Dynam Sect, Code 6185, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500017 ER PT B AU Fisher, EM Williams, BA Fleming, JW AF Fisher, EM Williams, BA Fleming, JW GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Determination of the strain in counterflow diffusion flames from flow conditions SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Combust Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fisher, EM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Combust Dynam Sect, Code 6185, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500044 ER PT B AU Patnaik, G Kailasanath, K AF Patnaik, G Kailasanath, K GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Numerical simulations of premixed methane-air flame-vortex interactions in microgravity SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 423 EP 426 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500101 ER PT B AU Charles, PT Bart, JC Judd, LL Gauger, PR Ligler, FS Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, PT Bart, JC Judd, LL Gauger, PR Ligler, FS Kusterbeck, AW BE Lieberman, RA TI Continuous flow fluorescence based immunosensor for the detection of explosives and environmental pollutants SO CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FIBER SENSORS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Fiber Sensors IX CY JUN 16-18, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsanstalt Luftfahrt & Raumfahrt, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE immunosensor; fluorescence; antibody; explosives; environmental; pollutants; TNT; RDX; PCBs AB A continuous flow fluorescence based immunosensor has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory as an inexpensive, field portable device to detect environmental pollutants. Detection of environmental pollutants such as explosives [e.g. trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5 trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)] and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been achieved at low level concentrations. The continuous now immunosensor (CFI) employs antibodies as recognition elements for specific antigens. Antibodies specific for the environmental pollutants of interest are covalently immobilized on a solid support matrix. Subsequent saturation of the antibody-support complex with a fluorescence analog (ie. cyanine dye) of the pollutant completes the sensor matrix. The derivatized matrix is prepacked into a micro column with a continuous flow stream of buffer that removes nonspecifically bound fluorescent analog. After a stable baseline is obtained sample injections of the desired pollutant (PCBs, TNT, RDX, etc.) into the now stream displaces the fluorescence analog from the immobilized antibody on the solid support. A signal response over background from the displaced fluorescence analog is measured and integrated by an in-line fluorometer. Dose response curves reveal the lowest limit of detection for TNT and RDX is 20 ppb (parts-per-billion). Detection limits for PCBs is slightly higher at 1.0 ppm (part-per-million). Results from field trials conducted at two military bases, Umatilla Army Depot (Hermiston, OR) and Site F and A at Naval SUBASE Banger (Bangor, WA) demonstrated the capabilities of the Immunosensor in performing on-site field analysis in groundwater and soil leachate matrices. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2526-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3105 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.276137 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH98F UT WOS:A1997BH98F00009 ER PT B AU Rayner, T West, R Garroway, A Lyndquist, R Yesinowski, J AF Rayner, T West, R Garroway, A Lyndquist, R Yesinowski, J BE Pilon, P Burmeister, S TI Quadrupole resonance spectroscopic study of narcotic materials SO CHEMISTRY- AND BIOLOGY-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTRABAND DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemistry-Based and Biology-Based Technologies for Contraband Detection CY NOV 20-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE quadrupole resonance analysis; contraband detection; cocaine base hydrochloride; cargo screening AB Bulk narcotic detection systems based upon Quadrupole Resonance Analysis (QRA) technology have a major advantage over imaging technologies, in that QRA is chemical-specific and consequently has a lower rate of false alarms. QRA is a magnetic resonance technology which occurs as a result of the inherent molecular properties of the atomic nuclei in crystalline and amorphous solids. The QRA response is characterized by 1) the precessional frequency of the nucleus, and 2) the nature of the electric field gradient experienced by the nucleus due to it's molecular environment. Another important detection parameter is linewidth, or resonant quality. All of these parameters depend on sample purity and manufacturing process. Quantum Magnetics recently carried out a study on the QRA signatures of various narcotic materials with the support of the U.S. Army, U.S. Customs, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy. The aim of the study was to fully characterize the variation in QRA spectroscopic parameters of different samples of cocaine base and cocaine hydrochloride. The results from this study are discussed here. RP Rayner, T (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,QUANTUM MAGNET,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2339-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2937 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.266785 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH32K UT WOS:A1997BH32K00005 ER PT B AU Kusterbeck, AW Gauger, PR Charles, PT AF Kusterbeck, AW Gauger, PR Charles, PT BE Pilon, P Burmeister, S TI Portable flow immunosensor for detecting drugs and explosives SO CHEMISTRY- AND BIOLOGY-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTRABAND DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemistry-Based and Biology-Based Technologies for Contraband Detection CY NOV 20-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr AB To assist in airport surveillance efforts, a biosensor based on antibody recognition of individual explosives and drugs has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Analysis of samples containing ng/mL (ppb) levels of the material are completed in under one minute. Immunoassays for the explosives (TNT, RDX and PETN) and the five major drugs of abuse (cocaine, morphine, PCP, THC, and methamphetamine) are currently available. The intrinsic nature of antigen-antibody binding also provides the unit with an inherently high degree of selectivity. A portable version of the biosensor that can be run by non-technical personnel is also being engineered. The device, including pumps and fluorometer, will be housed on a modified PCMCIA cartridgefitted into a laptop computer. To run assays, a disposable coupon containing the antibody/fluorescent-antigen complex is inserted into the unit and samples are introduced via a sampling port. Results can be viewed in real time or stored on the computer for later data retrieval and analysis. RP Kusterbeck, AW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,CODE 6910,4555 OVERLOOK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2339-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2937 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1117/12.266773 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH32K UT WOS:A1997BH32K00021 ER PT B AU Chow, GM Feng, CR Rangarajan, SP Chen, X Gonsalves, KE Law, CC AF Chow, GM Feng, CR Rangarajan, SP Chen, X Gonsalves, KE Law, CC BE Ma, E Fultz, B Shull, R Morral, J Nash, P TI Microstructural study of nanostructured M50 type steel SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF NANOSTRUCTURES AND RELATED NON-EQUILIBRIUM MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Physics of Nanostructures and Related Non-Equilibrium Materials, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Chem & Phys Mat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Thermodynam & Phase Equilibria Comm AB Nanostructured M50 type steel precursor powders were synthesized using chemical techniques of thermal decomposition and co-reduction. These amorphous powders were consolidated by hot press. During the hot press process, the crystallization of amorphous precursor powders to nanostructured phases occurred, and fine carbides were precipitated. Simultaneously the crystalline powders were densified. The densified samples were studied using both conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The effects of hot pressing parameters on the development of nanostructures were investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chow, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-353-8 PY 1997 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BK35R UT WOS:000071896200017 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DF Allen, JC AF Schwartz, DF Allen, JC TI H infinity approximation with point constraints applied to impedance estimation SO CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB This paper offers a flexible new approach to interpolating impedance data by bounded analytic functions. This approach is motivated by the conviction that any scheme for interpolating data from a physical system must incorporate knowledge of the system into the procedure. The classical Nehari's method is extended to include physical constraints from the system and point constraints from the data. An algorithm is developed and applied to estimating the impedance function of an antenna from a minimal data set. RP Schwartz, DF (reprint author), USN,NAVAL COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0278-081X J9 CIRC SYST SIGNAL PR JI Circuits Syst. Signal Process. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 507 EP 522 DI 10.1007/BF01185001 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XX772 UT WOS:A1997XX77200001 ER PT J AU Tam, DA AF Tam, DA TI Microcephaly in Hurler syndrome SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP Tam, DA (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,34800 BOB WILSON DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 51 EP 52 DI 10.1177/000992289703600107 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WC819 UT WOS:A1997WC81900007 PM 9007347 ER PT B AU Gray, HF AF Gray, HF BE Hopper, DG TI State-of-the-art of field emission displays SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE field emission display; FED; field emitter array; FEA; display; flat-panel display; field emission AB Field Emission Displays (FEDs) are being developed for a number of applications including military and commercial aircraft cockpit displays. This new type of display promises sunlight readability, high power efficiency, full color, high contrast, wide-angle viewing with no change in contrast or color as a function of angle, large dynamic range of light output including good dimmability, fast refresh, very high spatial resolution, and high pixel count in a window-pane thin package which has a viewing area which from very small(e.g. camera eyepiece) to very large (60 inch diagonal). RP Gray, HF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6844,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.276986 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00023 ER PT B AU Chaum, E AF Chaum, E BE Hopper, DG TI Joint-service electronic map/chart (JEMC) display SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE map; chart; large display; CLADS AB DoD's armed services each have many uses for maps and charts. Paper products have long been used for planning, navigation, and tactical situation assessment. As useful as paper products are, today's sailor, soldier, and airman are looking for digital maps and charts. Digital products bring a new dimension to tactical information systems. Today's workstation display systems do not offer the large format and high information content of traditional paper products. This paper describes a 30 inch diagonal, 80 color pixels / inch, display with an addressable resolution of 2048x1280 x24, which could meet the needs of many DoD programs/users. RP Chaum, E (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1117/12.277001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00047 ER PT B AU Sola, KE Sankovic, M AF Sola, KE Sankovic, M BE Hopper, DG TI Performance of flat panel (AMLCD) units installed in the aft end of drug interdiction P-3s SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AMLCD; military; FPD; P-3; title III; navy; crew performance; workstation design; ergonomics AB The U.S. Navy is preactively upgrading its fleet of P-3 Maritime Patrol Aircraft to continue to meet current and near future challenges to national security. The traditional P-3 role of Anti-Submarine Warfare, though retained, is being expanded to include Anti-Surface Warfare, increased reconnaissance and surveillance, and other missions. As part of the overall improvement program, P-3 cockpit and tactical crewstations throughout the aircraft are being upgraded to improve crew performance. Flat panel display technology is replacing CRTs in five on-going crewstation improvements. This paper reports on one of them: the replacement of CRT displays in a prototype EO/IR crewstation with a suite of four color AMLCDs, one of which is configured with a surface acoustic wave touch overlay to serve as a programmable touch interface. This upgrade is already in service with the fleet. RP Sola, KE (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,BLDG 2187,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1117/12.277029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00049 ER PT B AU Soltan, P Lasher, M Dahlke, W Acantilado, N McDonald, M AF Soltan, P Lasher, M Dahlke, W Acantilado, N McDonald, M BE Hopper, DG TI Laser projected 3-D volumetric displays SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE three-dimensional displays; volumetric displays; laser projection displays; laser scanning AB A three dimensional volumetric display system utilizing a rotating helical surface is described. The rotating helix system permits images to be displayed in a three-dimensional format that can be observed without the use of special glasses. Its rotating helical screen sweeps out a cylindrical envelope, providing a volumetric display medium through which scanned laser pulses are projected The light scatters from the surface of the helix so that each voxel appears to emanate from specific points in space. Each point has x-y-coordinates determined by the laser scanner and a z-coordinate determined by the intersection of the laser beam and the helix surface. Display images are created by synchronizing the interaction of the laser pulses and the moving screen to address a full three-dimensional volume that gives the viewer true depth cues (binocular parallax, accommodation, convergence) without the need for any special viewing aids. We describe recent work on the development of mechanical, optical, electronic, and software engineering for a display system based on a 36-inch diameter helix using high speed multichannel, random access laser scanners. Color images are created using red, green and blue laser sources. The system is capable of displaying 800,000 voxels per second, per color. A portable, 12-inch diameter, translucent helix system is also presented. RP Soltan, P (reprint author), USN,CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RDT&E DIV,53490 DOW ST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 496 EP 506 DI 10.1117/12.277007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00053 ER PT B AU Shashidhar, R Huang, L OFerrall, C Fritz, W Smith, S Hewitt, R Doane, W AF Shashidhar, R Huang, L OFerrall, C Fritz, W Smith, S Hewitt, R Doane, W BE Hopper, DG TI Plastic liquid crystal displays from conducting polymer SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB In a conventional liquid crystal display device (LCD), glass substrates coated with an indium tin oxide (TTO) layer are typically used for the application of an electric field to the liquid crystal material. For many applications including cockpit and avionic display applications, there is a need for a LCD with plastic substrates. We have demonstrated for the first time the operation of a fully multiplexed plastic LCD (with 25,600 pixel) using conducting polymers (on plastic) as the substrates and the newly developed reflective cholesteric display technology. The resultant display has several features like light weight, low power consumption, increased ruggedness, bistability, sunlight readability and flicker-free operation. The functioning of the conducting polymer-based LCD is demonstrated and the features that make it attractive for cockpit applications are discussed. RP Shashidhar, R (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6900,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 586 EP 590 DI 10.1117/12.277030 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00062 ER PT J AU Li, CP Kailasanath, K Oran, ES AF Li, CP Kailasanath, K Oran, ES TI Detonation structures generated by multiple shocks on ram-accelerator projectiles SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AB The detailed detonation structure generated by multiple shocks on ram-accelerator projectiles is studied using highly resolved numerical stimulations. The simulations show that the detonation structure on the projectile consists of the following basic elements: nonreactive shocks, induction regions, deflagration waves, and detonation waves. The shape and location of these basic elements strongly depends on the projectile Mach number. In some cases, the induction region and the related detonation wave are primarily associated with one single shock. In other cases, the induction region extends across several shocks and the detonation structure is much more complex. These simulations also confirm that the detonations on the projectile are stable in a wide range of flow conditions and, therefore, can be used to generate the high pressure needed for projectile propulsion. Copyright (C) 1997 by The Combustion Institute RP Li, CP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPUTAT PHYS & FLUID DYNAM LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00102-2 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA WA234 UT WOS:A1997WA23400013 ER PT J AU Jones, RL AF Jones, RL TI Catalytic combustion effects in internal combustion engines SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catalytic processes; internal combustion engines; NOx; soot and particulates ID GAS-TURBINES; OXIDES AB A review of the brief history of catalytic combustion in internal combustion (IC) engines suggests that catalytic combustion may aid in fuel ignition, but can also cause increased flame-quenching because of surface catalytic oxidation of unburned fuel in the gas boundary layer. The effect of catalytic combustion on heat transfer measurements in engines is also discussed, with the controversial Woschni effect, wherein thermal insulation appears to increase heat rejection from the combustion chamber, being shown to be probably only a manifestation of catalytic combustion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 129 IS 1-6 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1080/00102209708935725 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZF099 UT WOS:000072862500009 ER PT J AU Hoover, JB Bailey, JL Tatem, PA AF Hoover, JB Bailey, JL Tatem, PA TI An improved radiation transport submodel for CFAST SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire model; zone model; CFAST; absorption; radiation; model validation AB Radiative heat transfer is of major importance in many large-scale fires. Therefore, a new extinction coefficient algorithm has been developed for the Consolidated Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (CFAST) zone model. The new algorithm estimates extinction coefficient as a function of temperature and absorber concentrations. A developmental version of CFAST (2.2.1) was used, with and without the new algorithm, to simulate a large-scale, shipboard fire. For the fire compartment and the deck (floor) directly above, predictions from both models compared well with experimental results. The improved radiation model gave much better results for the adjacent compartment. Neither model compared well with the experimental results for the remainder of the compartments, suggesting that there is still room for improvement to CFAST. RP Hoover, JB (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DEPT NAVY,CODE 6183,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 127 IS 1-6 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1080/00102209708935694 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YJ669 UT WOS:A1997YJ66900011 ER PT B AU Law, DB Carapezza, EM Csanadi, CJ Edwards, GD Hintz, TM Tong, RM AF Law, DB Carapezza, EM Csanadi, CJ Edwards, GD Hintz, TM Tong, RM BE Carapezza, EM Spector, D TI Multi-spectral signature analysis measurements of selected sniper rifles and small arms SO COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence Systems for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE muzzle flash; spectral radiance; radiance; spectroradiometer; sniper rifles; small arms; muzzle breaks AB During October 1995 - June 1996, the Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center RDT&E Division (NRaD), under sponsorship from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), conducted an intensive series of multi-spectral signature analyses of typical sniper weapons. Multi-spectral signatures of the muzzle flashes from rifles and pistols and some imagery of the bullets in flight were collected. Multi-spectral signatures of the muzzle flash were collected in the infrared (2.5 - 14.5 microns), visible - near-IR (400 - 1200 nanometers), and the ultra-violet (185 - 400 nanometers) wavelength regions. These measurements consisted of high spectral resolution (0.0159 micron) measurements of the spectral radiance of the muzzle flash. A time history plot of the muzzle flash as it evolves just forward of the end of the muzzle is provided. These measurements were performed with a CI Systems Model SR5000 IR/Visible spectroradiometer and an Ocean Optics Model PC1000 UV spectroradiometer. Muzzle flash infrared imagery is provided to show the effect that specific muzzle breaks have on the resulting muzzle flash. The following set of sniper weapons were included in this test: AK-47, SKS, M16A2, M-14, FN-FAL, SMLE IIa, 03 Springfield, SVD Dragunov, 50 caliber McMillan, and a 45 caliber ACP pistol. The results of this signature analysis show that important measurable electro-optical differences do exist between all these weapons, in terms of spectral radiance of the flash, spectral content of the gun powders, and spectral shapes/geometries of the muzzle flashes. These differences are sufficient such that, after a more complete database is collected, it will be possible to develop a passive electro-optical weapon and ammunition identifier. RP Law, DB (reprint author), USN COMMAND,CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RDT&E DIV,CODE 754,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2340-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2938 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.266751 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH32L UT WOS:A1997BH32L00033 ER PT J AU Gaglione, AM Myasnikov, AG Remeslennikov, VN Spellman, D AF Gaglione, AM Myasnikov, AG Remeslennikov, VN Spellman, D TI Formal power series representations of free exponential groups SO COMMUNICATIONS IN ALGEBRA LA English DT Article AB A classical result of Magnus asserts that a free group F has a faithful representation in the group of units of a ring of non-commuting formal power series with integral coefficients. We generalize this result to the category of A-groups, where A is an associative ring or an Abelian group. We say that a Free A-group F-A has a faithful Magnus representation if there is a ring B containing A as an additive subgroup (or a subring) such that F-A is Faithfully represented (exactly as in Magnus' classical result in the case A = Z) in the group of units of the ring of formal power series in non-commuting indeterminates over B. The three principal results are: (I) If A is a torsion free Abelian group and F-A is a free A-group of Lyndon's type, then F-A has a faithful Magnus representation; (II) If A is an omega-residually Z ring, then F-A has a faithful Magnus representation; (III) for every nontrivial torsion-free Abelian group A, F-A has a faithful Magnus representation in B[[Y]] for a suitable ring B if and only if F-Q has a faithful Magnus representation in Q[[Y]]. C1 CUNY CITY COLL, NEW YORK, NY 10031 USA. OMSK STATE UNIV, OMSK 644077, RUSSIA. ST JOSEPHS UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19131 USA. RP Gaglione, AM (reprint author), USN ACAD, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21402 USA. RI Remeslennikov, Vladimir/D-2719-2013 OI Remeslennikov, Vladimir/0000-0001-8225-0449 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0092-7872 J9 COMMUN ALGEBRA JI Commun. Algebr. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 631 EP 648 DI 10.1080/00927879708825880 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA WG245 UT WOS:A1997WG24500024 ER PT J AU Streit, RL Luginbuhl, TE AF Streit, RL Luginbuhl, TE TI Estimation of Gaussian mixtures with rotationally invariant covariance matrices SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE parameter estimation; maximum likelihood; EM method; strophoscedastic mixtures; orthogonal invariance; singular value decomposition ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM AB Homoscedastic and heteroscedastic Gaussian mixtures differ in the constraints placed on the covariance matrices of the mixture components. A new mixture, called herein a strophoscedastic mixture, is defined by a new constraint. This constraint requires the matrices to be identical under orthogonal transformations, where different transformations are allowed for different matrices. It is shown that the M-step of the EM method for estimating the parameters of strophoscedastic mixtures from sample data is explicitly solvable using singular value decompositions. Consequently, the EM-based maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is as easily implemented for strophoscedastic mixtures as it is for homoscedastic and heteroscedastic mixtures. An example of a ''noisy'' Archimedian spiral is presented. C1 USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,NEWPORT,RI 02841. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1997 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2927 EP 2944 DI 10.1080/03610929708832086 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA YL339 UT WOS:A1997YL33900006 ER PT B AU Heitmeyer, C Kirby, J Labaw, B AF Heitmeyer, C Kirby, J Labaw, B GP IEEE TI Tools for formal specification, verification, and validation of requirements SO COMPASS '97 - ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS TOWARDS COMPUTER ASSURANCE? LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS 97) - Are We Making Progress Towards Computer Assurance CY JUN 16-19, 1997 CL NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IEEE Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Arca Syst Inc, BDM, City Univ London, Comp Associates, FDA, IEEE, Intermetrics Inc, Logicon Inc, Mitretek, Mitre Corp, NIST, USN, Naval Res Lab, Reliable Software Technol Corp, TRW Govt Informat Serv Div, Trusted Informat Syst, TRW GISD, Univ Illinois Springfield HO NIST AB Although formal methods for developing computer systems have been available for more than a decade, few have had significant impact in practice. A major barrier to their use is that software developers find formal methods difficult to understand and apply. One exception is a formal method called SCR for specifying computer system requirements which, due to its easy to use tabular notation and its demonstrated scalability, has already achieved some success in industry. Recently, a set of software tools, including a specification editor a consistency checker a simulator and a verifier, has been developed to support the SCR method [9, 11, 5]. This paper describes recent enhancements to the SCR tools: a new dependency graph browser which displays the dependencies among the variables in the specification, an improved consistency checker which produces detailed feedback about detected errors, and an assertion checker which checks application properties during simulation. To illustrate the tool enhancements, a simple automobile cruise control system is presented and analyzed. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR HIGH ASSURANCE COMP SYST,CODE 5546,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3980-0 PY 1997 BP 35 EP 47 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ29D UT WOS:A1997BJ29D00004 ER PT S AU Freitas, JA Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Khan, MA AF Freitas, JA Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Khan, MA BE Shur, MS Suris, RA TI Photoluminescence studies of undoped and doped wurtzite GaN films deposited on sapphire substrates SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 23-27, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Govt Russian Federat, Russian Acad Sci, Minist Sci & Tech Policy, Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, AIXTRON Semiconductor Technol GmbH, Compound Semiconductor Magazine, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, RESTEC Exhibit Co ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LUMINESCENCE; LAYERS AB The PL spectra of undoped high resistivity films show well resolved spectral features which we have assigned to excitonic interband transitions. Analysis of the emission spectra of undoped high-resistivity, undoped high-conductivity and Si-doped films provide insights into the free-exciton binding energies and the binding energy of the excitons to neutral donors. PL measurements of Mg-doped films show changes in the line-shape and peak-position of the donor acceptor pair emission band with increasing impurity concentration. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. APA OPT INC, BLAINE, MN 55434 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), SACHS FREEMAN ASSOCIATES INC, LARGO, MD 20774 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0452-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 155 BP 873 EP 876 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ12N UT WOS:A1997BJ12N00205 ER PT S AU Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB AF Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI A study of titanium surface pretreatments for bonding with polyimide and epoxy adhesives SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc DE adhesives; surface preparation; titanium ID ALUMINUM AB Adhesive bond durability depends on the properties of the adhesive, the surface preparation, and the primer used. Surface pretreatment is necessary in order to substitute the preexisting weak oxide layer on the metal surface with a more stable one. Currently, chromic acid anodizing is the most widely used pretreatment on titanium surfaces prior to bonding. Among the chemical treatments, pasa jell 107, turco 5578, and alkaline peroxide etching are widely known. The importance of a good surface pretreatment can not be overstated in applications where high performance and durability are critical. It is the objective of this study to examine the conventional surface pretreatments for titanium together with some more recently developed treatments. Among these newer pretreatments, two sol/gel methods were investigated. Single lap shears and floating roller peel samples were prepared using epoxy and polyimide adhesives. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Arnold, JR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300032 ER PT S AU Bonnet, B Mehrkam, P AF Bonnet, B Mehrkam, P BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI Adhesive bondline study using design of experiment technique SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc DE adhesive; repair; design of experiments AB The Navy has a requirement to perform bonded structural composite repairs on aircraft dth use of vacuum bag pressure. The resulting adhesive bondline must be void free to ensure sufficient bond strength and inspection of the repair by nondestructive means. Magnobond 6363 two part epoxy paste adhesive was developed by the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Patuxent River, MD (NAWCADPAX) for field bonded composite repairs. During the development process for bonded composite repairs utilizing Magnobond 6363, problems were encountered with bondline thickness control and porosity content that were related to process variations applied by each user. In response to this problem, NAWCADPAX conducted an evaluation of the most significant processing factors using a Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) approach. This experimental design technique was applied to minimize the number of experiments required in determining the effect of each of the significant factors on bondline thickness and porosity. The approach was effective in optimizing the evaluation process leading to the development of a preferred process for composite repairs utilizing Magnobond 6363. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Aerosp Mat Div,Aviat Syst Team, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bonnet, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Aerosp Mat Div,Aviat Syst Team, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 354 EP 365 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300033 ER PT S AU Ng, SJ Cramer, RJ Mehrkam, P AF Ng, SJ Cramer, RJ Mehrkam, P BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI Characterization of IM7/8552 polymer composites subjected to heat damage SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc DE heat damage; tensile strength; void content; IM7/8552 polymer composite AB Polymer composites exposed to fire, engine exhaust, equipment overheat and other mishaps cause thermal heat damage which can reduce the materials structural integrity, durability and strength. Epoxy (8552/IM7) laminates were evaluated to determine the effect of high temperature on ply-delamination, void content, weight loss and mechanical strength. Two different ply-oriented laminates, uni-directional and quasi-isotropic, were subjected to temperature ranges from 650 degrees F to 850 degrees F to simulate the actual overheat scenarios commonly observed in Navy aircraft. Qualitative and quantitative characterization techniques were performed on the heat damaged specimens provide insight into the changes in various structural parameters. The work presented will serve as a critical reference for the design and development of future advanced polymers composite system for high temperature applications. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ng, SJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 776 EP 786 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300073 ER PT S AU Jensen, KL Zaidman, EG Kodis, MA AF Jensen, KL Zaidman, EG Kodis, MA BE Bisognano, JJ Mondelli, AA TI Effects of space charge on the current-voltage characteristics of field emitter arrays SO COMPUTATIONAL ACCELERATOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Computational Accelerator Physics Conference (CAP 96) CY SEP 24-27, 1996 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP US DOE, Off Energy Res, USN, Off Naval Res AB Field emitter arrays are microfabricated very high electron current density sources. For rf amplifier applications, typical current densities are typically on the order of 100 Amps/cm(2). Unlike thermionic emitters, the current densities at the emission sites on field emitters can approach 10(8) Amps/cm(2) at high fields. Consequently, the high current from the array can affect the I(V) characterization of the emitters. In this manuscript, we use a simple model of a field emitter to calculate the one dimensional space charge effects on the current versus gate voltage characteristics. Two effects are treated: charge between the gate and anode, and charge within the FEA unit cell, which gives rise to a new space charge component. It is shown that space charge effects can taint the Fowler Nordheim parametrization of field emitters and consequently affect the estimates of their transconductance. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-671-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 391 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Physics GA BH51S UT WOS:A1997BH51S00015 ER PT S AU Haber, I Callahan, DA Friedman, A Grote, DP AF Haber, I Callahan, DA Friedman, A Grote, DP BE Bisognano, JJ Mondelli, AA TI ''Thick-slice'' simulation of short longitudinal-scale phenomena on a space-charge-dominated beam SO COMPUTATIONAL ACCELERATOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Computational Accelerator Physics Conference (CAP 96) CY SEP 24-27, 1996 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP US DOE, Off Energy Res, USN, Off Naval Res AB Simulations examining the propagation of a beam with a transverse temperature somewhat greater than the longitudinal temperature have shown evidence that the beam can evolve towards temperature isotropy via a collective electrostatic instability. Because the longitudinal scale of the unstable modes is comparable to the beam diameter, simulation of this instability with sufficient axial resolution can be costly, particularly in an alternating-gradient transport channel where the geometry is inherently three-dimensional. A ''thick-slice'' model has therefore been developed which extends the usual single-slice approximation to include a self-consistent solution for the longitudinal fields within the slice, while still assuming that the external forces act simultaneously on all particles in the slice. An example of the use of this method is presented to illustrate how the fundamental dynamics of the isotropization instability appear to be preserved even in the presence of the large excursions in the beam envelope which are present in a beam matching system. RP Haber, I (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-671-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 391 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Physics GA BH51S UT WOS:A1997BH51S00020 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ AF Roland, CM Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ TI The viscoelastic behaviour of networks SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE networks; PTHF; viscoelasticity; polybutadiene; relaxation; epoxy resin ID SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; POLYMER NETWORKS; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; EPOXIDIZED POLYISOPRENE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RUBBER ELASTICITY; DYNAMICS; MOTION; JUNCTION AB Studies of relaxation in rubbery networks reveal a variety of behaviours. In experiments on networks with labelled junctions, whereby the motion of the crosslink site is specifically monitored, the segmental relaxation function broadens with increasing crosslink density, accompanied by a larger activation energy. Such results are well-described by theory. The more usual experiment simply measures bulk relaxation, without discriminating among different relaxing entities. For networks, crosslinking introduces a distribution of relaxation behaviours, related to the proximity of a moiety to the junctions. The resulting inhomogeneously broadened relaxation function is difficult to analyse; nevertheless, a heightened sensitivity to temperature (larger activation energy) is observed, from which inferences can be made regarding the shape of the segmental relaxation function. Crosslinking also influences the viscoelastic spectrum at times longer than that associated with local segmental relaxation, in a manner consistent with ideas based on constraint dynamics. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1089-3156 J9 COMPUT THEOR POLYM S JI Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3-4 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(97)00016-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ZZ274 UT WOS:000074713000003 ER PT J AU Welch, LR Farr, W Uehara, M AF Welch, LR Farr, W Uehara, M TI Challenges in metrics and measurement for computer-based systems SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,SILVER SPRING,MD 20903. TOYO UNIV,KAWAGOE,SAITAMA,JAPAN. RP Welch, LR (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT COMP SCI & ENGN,BOX 19015,ARLINGTON,TX 76019, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JAN PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 88 EP 89 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WA538 UT WOS:A1997WA53800015 ER PT J AU Lewis, T AF Lewis, T TI The year I shoot my TV SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material RP Lewis, T (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,CODE CS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JAN PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 136 EP & DI 10.1109/2.612259 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WA538 UT WOS:A1997WA53800021 ER PT B AU Wu, AH Hurley, BT AF Wu, AH Hurley, BT BE Yuan, JX TI Seismic stability and displacement of an embankment and pile supported wharf SO COMPUTER METHODS AND ADVANCES IN GEOMECHANICS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics CY NOV 02-07, 1997 CL WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB An embankment to be constructed with small rocks, is designed to contain hydraulic fill dredged from a waterfront site. Pre-stressed piles are then driven through the rock embankment to support a concrete wharf deck. The following issues were of concern to the design scheme: (1) The stability and displacement of the embankment which consists of small well graded rock placed on the bottom of the waterfront site; (2) The liquefaction potential of the hydraulic fill to be placed behind the embankment and its remedial method; (3) The drivability of the pre-stressed concrete piles into the rock embankment and the underlying dense bearing soil to obtain the necessary pile capacity; and (4) The overall stability of the system under design earthquake load. This paper presents: the stability analyses of the above four items at question; the computation and computer software used in the stability and displacement evaluation of the system; and the lessons learned from the geomechanic stability and displacement analyses. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Wu, AH (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-907-6 PY 1997 BP 1813 EP 1818 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BK71H UT WOS:000073165000037 ER PT B AU Giraldo, FX Neta, B AF Giraldo, FX Neta, B BE Acinas, JR Brebbia, CA TI A comparison of a family of Eulerian and semi-Lagrangian finite element methods for the advection-diffusion equation SO COMPUTER MODELLING OF SEAS AND COASTAL REGIONS III - COASTAL 97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Computer Modelling of Seas and Coastal Regions (COASTAL 97) CY JUN, 1997 CL LA CORUNA, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, UK, Univ La Coruna, Spain, Puerto La Coruna, Conselleria Educac & Ordenac Univ, Conselleria Polit Territorial, Obras Publicas & Vivienda, Colegio Ingenieros Caminos Canales & Puerto, Colegio Ingeneria Civil Galicia, Fundacao Barrie Maza AB This paper compares a family of Eulerian and semi-Lagrangian methods. Numerical experiments are performed on the two-dimensional advection-diffusion equations having a known analytic solution. The numerical results demonstrate that the semi-Lagrangian method is superior to the Eulerian method while using time steps two to four times greater. This property makes them more attractive than Eulerian methods particularly for integrating atmospheric and ocean equations because long time histories are sought for such problems. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-499-0 PY 1997 BP 217 EP 229 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BJ39M UT WOS:A1997BJ39M00021 ER PT J AU Volpano, D Irvine, C AF Volpano, D Irvine, C TI Secure flow typing SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE secure information flow; certification; type systems; Web programming ID INFORMATION-FLOW AB Some of the most promising work in the area of enforcing secure information flow in programs is based on static analyses of source code. However, as yet these efforts have not had much impact in practice. We present a new approach to analyzing programs statically for secrecy and integrity flow violations. The analysis is characterized as a form of type inference in a ''secure flow type system''. The type system provides a uniform framework for traditional type checking of programs and information flow control. Type-correct programs have principal types that characterize how they can be called securely. Applications of the type system include flow analysis of legacy code as well as code written in newly-emerging Web languages like Java(TM). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Volpano, D (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0167-4048(97)00002-3 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA XK322 UT WOS:A1997XK32200009 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Cotal, HL Messenger, SR AF Walters, RJ Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Cotal, HL Messenger, SR GP IEEE TI Radiation response of single and dual junction p(+)n InGaP/GaAs space solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY SIXTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 1997 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The radiation response of single and dual-junction p(+)n InGaP/GaAs solar cells is studied. The degradation mechanisms of single-junction InGaP cells are identified, and characteristic degradation curves in terms of displacement damage dose are calculated. The response of dual-junction cells is presented, and the response of each sub-cell is discussed. The cell response is compared with those of other technologies. The effect of current injection on irradiated InGaP cell is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-3767-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 1997 BP 843 EP 846 DI 10.1109/PVSC.1997.654219 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BK48M UT WOS:000072313700203 ER PT B AU Bollt, EM Dolnik, M AF Bollt, EM Dolnik, M BE Chernousko, FL Fradkov, AL TI Learning the grammar of a chaotic dynamical system in a format suitable for controlling symbol dynamics and communications SO CONTROL OF OSCILLATIONS AND CHAOS - 1997 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Control of Oscillations and Chaos CY AUG 27-29, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Mech Engn, St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg Informat & Control Soc, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fdn Basic Res, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Sci Soc Control Syst & Proc, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB The unique possibility of encoding information into symbol dynamics corresponding to a chaotic transmitter has been demonstrated [1, 2]. To take advantage of sensitive dependence by using only small deliberate parameter perturbations requires that we respect the grammar of the symbol dynamics which represents the physical dynamical system. We present a new algorithm to learn the observed grammar of a symbol dynamics in terms of observed transitions between bins defined by the symbol generating partition. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,572 HOLLOWAY RD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4247-X PY 1997 BP 573 EP 577 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ65Q UT WOS:A1997BJ65Q00161 ER PT S AU Eddy, CR Glembocki, OJ Shamamian, VA Leonhardt, D Holm, RT Butler, JE Thoms, BD Pang, SW Ko, KK Berg, EW Stutz, CE AF Eddy, CR Glembocki, OJ Shamamian, VA Leonhardt, D Holm, RT Butler, JE Thoms, BD Pang, SW Ko, KK Berg, EW Stutz, CE BE Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Brierley, SK Gibson, JM Woodall, JM TI Characterization of GaAs surfaces subjected to a Cl-2/Ar high density plasma etching process SO CONTROL OF SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Control of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB High density plasma etching of III-V compound semiconductors is critically important to the development of advanced optoelectronic and high frequency devices. Unfortunately, the surface chemistry of these processes is not well understood. In an effort to monitor surface processes and their dependence on process conditions in a realistic etching environment, we have applied mass spectroscopic techniques for the study of GaAs etching in Cl-2/Ar chemistry. Etch product chlorides were monitored, together with optical measurement of the surface temperature by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, as pressure (neutral flux), microwave power (ion flux) and rf bias of the substrate (ion energy) were varied. Observations From the spectroscopic techniques were correlated with ex situ surface damage assessments of unpassivated surfaces by photoreflectance spectroscopy. As a result, insights are made into regions of process conditions that are well suited to anisotropic, low damage etching. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Pang, Stella/A-7770-2012 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Pang, Stella/0000-0002-4330-0877 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-352-5 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 448 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ32K UT WOS:A1997BJ32K00005 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ AF Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ BE Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Brierley, SK Gibson, JM Woodall, JM TI Surface adsorption kinetics of Ga wire arrays on Si(112) SO CONTROL OF SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Control of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The growth and energetics of Ga chains on a Si(112) facet surface have been investigated. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Reflectance Difference Anisotropy (RDA) experiments have been performed in UHV to examine the kinetics of the Ga atom chain formation process along the Si steps. This is a self-limiting process for substrate temperatures in the 400 degrees C to 500 degrees C range, since the binding energy of the metal atoms at the step edges is greater than that on the (111)-type terraces. At saturation coverage, the Ga chains exhibit sixfold periodicity along the step edges, but below saturation, these chains exhibit fivefold periodicity. A model has been suggested from these results in which the periodicities of the chains are determined by the metal atom vacancies, which balance the tensile stress created by the larger metal atoms. We have used RDA to study the time evolution of the surface kinetics and changes in the surface reconstruction of Ga deposited on these facet (112) Si surfaces, as a function of substrate temperature and Ga deposition rate. The RDA measurement is shown to be sensitive to the formation of both the 5 x 1 as well as 6 x 1 reconstructions and to island formation at low substrate temperatures. The diffusion-controlled Ga line formation process at low temperatures has also been characterized as well as the evaporation controlled regime, which is evident at substrate temperatures over 400 degrees C. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-352-5 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 448 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ32K UT WOS:A1997BJ32K00034 ER PT S AU Andrews, MD Dryer, M Aurass, H DeForest, C Kiplinger, AL Meisner, R Paswaters, SE Smith, Z Tappin, SJ Thompson, BJ Watari, SI Lamy, P Mann, G Schwenn, R Michels, DJ Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, M AF Andrews, MD Dryer, M Aurass, H DeForest, C Kiplinger, AL Meisner, R Paswaters, SE Smith, Z Tappin, SJ Thompson, BJ Watari, SI Lamy, P Mann, G Schwenn, R Michels, DJ Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, M BE Wilson, A TI The solar minimum X2.6/1B flare and CME of 9 July 1996. Part I: Solar data SO CORONA AND SOLAR WIND NEAR MINIMUM ACTIVITY - FIFTH SOHO WORKSHOP SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th SOHO Workshop on the Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity CY JUN 17-20, 1997 CL UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS, OSLO, NORWAY SP European Space Agcy, Univ Oslo, Norges Forskningsrad, NASA, Norwegian Space Ctr, Res Council Norway, SCOSTEP HO UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS DE solar flare; coronal mass ejection AB This is part I of a two-part paper in which we will present the solar observations from GOES-8, SOHO, and Yohkoh relevant to the events leading up to and including the first X-class flare (X2.6/1B at S10W30 on 09Jul96, 09:11UT) in nearly four years. MDI magnetograms show a new region of magnetic activity in AR 7978 that is first visible at approximately 16:00UT, 06Jul96. The emergence of this dipole coincides with the initial increase in the GOES-8 soft x-ray flux which remains elevated until this region rotates behind the West limb on 14Jul96. The rapid development and dramatic evolution of this region is shown by data from both MDI and EIT. This region is also the source of substantial Yohkoh X-rays. The LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs observe two CMEs during this period. A "little" CME is first observed as a brightening of a pre-existing streamer at 06:28UT on 08Jul96. A "big" CME is first seen when LASCO resumes observations (12:28UT, 09Jul96). We will discuss the possible association of the latter CME and the X-flare. C1 USN, Res Lab, Hughes STX, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Andrews, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Hughes STX, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-299-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 404 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK11J UT WOS:000071215200021 ER PT S AU Michels, DJ Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Plunkett, S Brueckner, GE Lamy, P Schwenn, R Biesecker, DA AF Michels, DJ Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Plunkett, S Brueckner, GE Lamy, P Schwenn, R Biesecker, DA BE Wilson, A TI Visibility of Earth-directed coronal mass ejections SO CORONA AND SOLAR WIND NEAR MINIMUM ACTIVITY - FIFTH SOHO WORKSHOP SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th SOHO Workshop on the Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity CY JUN 17-20, 1997 CL UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS, OSLO, NORWAY SP European Space Agcy, Univ Oslo, Norges Forskningsrad, NASA, Norwegian Space Ctr, Res Council Norway, SCOSTEP HO UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS AB In marked contrast to the high energy particles that sometimes accompany major solar flares, and which tend to follow the Parker spiral, the massive plasma ejecta known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), travelling at speeds of the order of the solar wind speed, are most likely to impact and Earth's magnetosphere if they originate near the center of the solar disk, and are emitted directly toward Earth. This introduces certain difficulties into the observation of such ejecta, with the result that conventional wisdom in the past has sometimes discounted the possibility of detecting gee-effective plasma emissions with spaceborne coronagraphs. It is noted that regions close to the solar limb are always obscured by the over-occultation required in order to achieve acceptably low instrumental stray light, and that Thomson scattering of photospheric light from free electrons in the corona, the mechanism of K-coronal visibility, is a maximum at right angles to the direction of illumination and falls to zero when the scattering particle, the source of illumination, and the observer are all co-aligned, as would be the case for a solar particle moving straight toward Earth. Despite the truth of these assertions, CMEs, while more readily observed when they occur at the solar limb, are by no means impossible to detect when they originate near disk center. We review several considerations having a bearing on the detectability of solar plasma ejections when they are projected toward (or away from) the observer and, as examples of current interest, present the observations from SOHO of major solar eruptions on 06-07 January, and 07 April, 1997, to illustrate both the potential and the limitations of cinematographic coronal imaging. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michels, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-299-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 404 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK11J UT WOS:000071215200097 ER PT S AU Plunkett, SP Gopalswamy, N Kundu, MR Howard, RA Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Lepping, RP Hudson, HS Nitta, N Hanaoka, Y Kosugi, T Burkepile, JT AF Plunkett, SP Gopalswamy, N Kundu, MR Howard, RA Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Lepping, RP Hudson, HS Nitta, N Hanaoka, Y Kosugi, T Burkepile, JT BE Wilson, A TI A multi-wavelength analysis of the February 6/7, 1997 coronal mass ejection SO CORONA AND SOLAR WIND NEAR MINIMUM ACTIVITY - FIFTH SOHO WORKSHOP SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th SOHO Workshop on the Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity CY JUN 17-20, 1997 CL UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS, OSLO, NORWAY SP European Space Agcy, Univ Oslo, Norges Forskningsrad, NASA, Norwegian Space Ctr, Res Council Norway, SCOSTEP HO UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS DE coronal mass ejections; prominence eruption; interplanetary shocks; geomagnetic effects AB The partially earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) event of February 6-7, 1997 originated from the southwest quadrant of the sun. The CME accelerated from a projected speed of 170 km/s to about 650 km/s when it reached a distance of 25 R.. The CME was an arcade eruption followed by bright prominence core structures. The prominence core was tracked continuously from the solar surface to the interplanetary medium by combining data from the Nobeyama radioheliograph (microwaves), Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (He I 10830 Angstrom), SOHO/EIT (EUV) and SOHO/LASCO (white light). The CME was accompanied by an arcede formation, fully observed by the Yohkoh/SXT (soft X-rays) and SOHO/EIT. The X-ray and EUV observations suggest that the reconnection proceeded from the northwest end to the southeast end of a filament channel. In the SOHO/EIT images, the feet of the soft X-ray arcade were observed as EUV ribbons. The CME event also caused interplanetary effects that were observed by instruments on WIND, and produced a medium sized geomagnetic storm at Earth starting on February 9. This event confirms a number of ideas about CMEs: the three part structure (frontal bright arcade, dark cavity and prominence core), disappearing filament, elongated arcade formation, and terrestrial effects. We make use of the excellent data coverage to address a number of issues regarding the origin and propagation of geoeffective solar disturbances. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Plunkett, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-299-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 404 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK11J UT WOS:000071215200107 ER PT S AU Seo, ES Adams, JH Bashindzhagyan, GL Dudnik, OV Fazely, AR Garcia, L Grigorov, NL Guzik, TG Inderhees, S Isbert, J Jung, HC Khein, L Kim, SK Kroeger, RA McDonald, FB Panasyuk, MI Park, CS Schmidt, WKH DionSchwarz, C Senchishin, VG Wang, JZ Wefel, JP Zatsepin, VI Zinn, SY AF Seo, ES Adams, JH Bashindzhagyan, GL Dudnik, OV Fazely, AR Garcia, L Grigorov, NL Guzik, TG Inderhees, S Isbert, J Jung, HC Khein, L Kim, SK Kroeger, RA McDonald, FB Panasyuk, MI Park, CS Schmidt, WKH DionSchwarz, C Senchishin, VG Wang, JZ Wefel, JP Zatsepin, VI Zinn, SY BE Swordy, SP Westphal, AJ TI Advanced thin ionization calorimeter to measure ultrahigh energy cosmic rays SO COSMIC RADIATION: SPECTRA AND COMPOSITION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1-6 and E1-7 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission E on Cosmic Radiation - Spectra and Composition, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996-1997 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, European Space Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl ID WAVES AB An Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) will be used to investigate the charge composition and energy spectra of primary cosmic rays over the energy range from about 10(10) to >10(14) eV in a series of long-duration balloon flights, The totally active BGO calorimeter, 22 radiation length thick, will measure the electromagnetic energy ensuing from nuclear interactions in a one interaction length thick carbon target, Trajectory information will be obtained from the location of the cascade axis in the EGO calorimeter and in the segmented scintillator layers of the upstream carbon target. The highly segmented charge module comprised of scintillator strips, a silicon matrix, and a Cherenkov array will minimize the effect of backscattered particles on primary charge measurements. While obtaining new high priority scientific results, the ATIC balloon payload can also serve as a proof of concept, or engineering model, for a EGO calorimeter-based instrument on the International Space Station. We examine the added advantage of locating such an experiment for long durations on a platform such as the Space Station. (C) 1997 COSPAR. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, SKOBELTSYN INST NUCL PHYS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. KHARKOV AM GORKII STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & TECHNOL, KHARKOV, UKRAINE. SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BATON ROUGE, LA USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. SEOUL NATL UNIV, DEPT PHYS, SEOUL 151742, SOUTH KOREA. MAX PLANCK INST AERON, LINDAU, GERMANY. RP Seo, ES (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Panasyuk, Mikhail/E-2005-2012; Zatsepin, Victor/J-2287-2012; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Dudnik, Oleksiy/H-9492-2012 OI Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Dudnik, Oleksiy/0000-0002-5127-5843 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043106-2 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00392-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH89L UT WOS:A1997BH89L00003 ER PT B AU Reintjes, J Mahon, R Duncan, MD Tankersley, LL Tucker, JE Schultz, A Chen, VC Lu, C McClelland, TL Howard, PL Raghavan, S Stevens, CL AF Reintjes, J Mahon, R Duncan, MD Tankersley, LL Tucker, JE Schultz, A Chen, VC Lu, C McClelland, TL Howard, PL Raghavan, S Stevens, CL BE Pusey, HC Pusey, SC TI Real time optical oil debris monitors SO CRITICAL LINK: DIAGNOSIS TO PROGNOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 51st Meeting of the SMFPT / 12th Biennial Conference on Reliability, Stress Analysis and Failure Prevention (RSAFP Committe of ASME) CY APR 14-18, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Soc Machinery Failure Prevent Technol, ASME, RSAFP Comm DE bearings; early warning; catastrophic failure; gears; hydraulic fluid; realtime; shape classification; wear debris AB The performance characteristics of two optical debris monitors are described. The monitors allow real-time, on-line identification of the type and severity of faults in machinery, through measurement of size, shape and morphology of debris particles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Laser Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reintjes, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY MACHINERY FAILURE PREVENTION TECHNOLOGY PI HAYMARKET PA 4193 SUDLEY RD, HAYMARKET, VA 20169-2420 USA PY 1997 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BK29G UT WOS:000071682900044 ER PT B AU Whitlock, RR AF Whitlock, RR BE Pusey, HC Pusey, SC TI Filter debris analysis using XRF SO CRITICAL LINK: DIAGNOSIS TO PROGNOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 51st Meeting of the SMFPT / 12th Biennial Conference on Reliability, Stress Analysis and Failure Prevention (RSAFP Committe of ASME) CY APR 14-18, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Soc Machinery Failure Prevent Technol, ASME, RSAFP Comm DE condition monitoring; elemental analysis; prognostics; wear debris; wear debris; wear particle; x-ray fluorescence analysis; XRF AB Monitoring the wear condition of oil-lubricated machinery has traditionally been performed by atomic emission spectroscopy, despite the technique's emphasis on fine particles and its inability to measure the >10 micrometer (>0.0004 inch) particles characteristic of abnormal wear. A growing body of machine types is being serviced with file filters to remove the fine wear particulates from the circulating oil leaving none for traditional oil analysis to measure. Benefits of fine filtration are gained in machine life, but failure warning is thereby lost. Warning and condition monitoring functions may be restored with the aid of bench top or portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation for analyzing the wear debris collected as a thin layer on membrane filters. For coarsely filtered machines, a drawn oil sample of a few milliliters is membrane-filtered and x-ray analyzed. For finely filtered machines, the wear particulates are fist recovered from the machine's in-line filter, for example by Humphrey's straightforward and rapid technique, and then refiltered onto a membrane. Thus, the same bench top x-ray instrument can serve multiple machines with varying filtration specifications. The x-ray measurements indicate wear rates for each of the over two dozen elements of interest and are useful for identifying worn engine modules and components, while providing as much as 100 hours advanced warning of impending failure and affording new opportunities for management of operations and maintenance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitlock, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6680, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY MACHINERY FAILURE PREVENTION TECHNOLOGY PI HAYMARKET PA 4193 SUDLEY RD, HAYMARKET, VA 20169-2420 USA PY 1997 BP 449 EP 457 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BK29G UT WOS:000071682900045 ER PT B AU Nisenoff, M Patten, F Wolf, SA AF Nisenoff, M Patten, F Wolf, SA BE Ross, RG TI And what about cryogenic refrigeration? SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board RP Nisenoff, M (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00004 ER PT B AU Chafe, JN Green, GF Stevens, JW AF Chafe, JN Green, GF Stevens, JW BE Ross, RG TI Geometric scaling of a 4.2 K Gifford-McMahon refrigerator SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB An approach is presented to increase the cooling power of small regenerative cycle cryogenic refrigerators (cryocoolers). While several researchers have demonstrated Gifford-McMahon refrigerators capable of producing 0.5W of cooling at 4.2K, the U. S. Navy is interested in several applications, including mine countermeasures and electric ship propulsion, that have cryogenic refrigeration requirements of several times that amount. These applications are the impetus for scaling the existing 0.5W, 4.2K Gifford-McMahon refrigerators to a size where they can produce more cooling power. The approach is to properly increase the size of the various components based on the basic thermodynamic processes involved and the known performance of the present systems. This scaling method allows the estimation of increased compressor requirements as well as other important parameters. A new larger refrigerator, 1.5W at 4.2K, has been designed and operated. Test results of that refrigerator are presented. RP Chafe, JN (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 627 EP 636 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00071 ER PT B AU Chafe, JN Green, GF Hendricks, JB AF Chafe, JN Green, GF Hendricks, JB BE Ross, RG TI A neodymium plate regenerator for low-temperature Gifford-McMahon refrigerators SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB The present technology in low-temperature Gifford-McMahon cryogenic-refrigerators utilizes a regenerative type heat exchanger that is fabricated with rare-earth metal spheres having diameters of about 0.2 mm. A more effective regenerative heat exchanger could be constructed by precisely forming flow holes through neodymium (Nd) disks. Perforated disks were formed using a technique similar to that used to make superconducting wire. The disks were then stacked into a tube and this whole assembly was used as a regenerative heat exchanger. This type of regenerator should provide better heat transfer properties, lower pressure drop characteristics and reduced thermodynamic losses when compared to regenerators that utilize spherical particles. Pressure drop and performance test results of both types of regenerators are presented in this paper. RP Chafe, JN (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 653 EP 662 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00074 ER PT J AU Rhea, WJ Davis, CO AF Rhea, WJ Davis, CO TI A comparison of the SeaWiFS chlorophyll and CZCS pigment algorithms using optical data from the 1992 JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Time Series SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE MODEL; OCEAN-COLOR; WATERS AB Optical data were collected during two U.S. JGOFS EqPac Time Series cruises aboard the U.S. Research Vessel Thomas G. Thompson, at a station at 140 degrees W on the equator, during the time of both the first equinox and the second equinox of 1992. This data set represents the range of conditions expected in this region, and was used to compare the SeaWiFS chlorophyll a algorithm with the CZCS pigment algorithm, as well as test the validity of using ocean color remote sensing to track the biological response to physical phenomena such as Kelvin Waves and Tropical Instability Waves (TIW). Time Series I (23 March to 9 April) took place during the maximum expression of the 1991-92 El Nino event, and coincided with the peak of a passing Kelvin wave. Time Series II (2-21 October) occurred during La Nina conditions and encompassed the passage of a TIW. The SeaWiFS pigment compared favorably with the earlier CZCS pigment algorithm and indicate that the SeaWiFS algorithm is capable of determining both quantitative and qualitative changes in surface chlorophyll a from remotely sensed optical data in high nutrient, low chlorophyll regions such as the Equatorial Pacific. Our results show that, although Kelvin waves can not be currently tracked using ocean color sensors alone, when a Kelvin wave is detected by other methods, satellite ocean color data can be used to characterize the biological response to the Kelvin wave. However, since TIWs have a much shorter period and can enhance near-surface phytoplankton growth rates quickly, they can be tracked using remotely sensed ocean color data using either the CZCS pigment or the SeaWiFS chlorophyll algorithm. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rhea, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1997 VL 44 IS 9-10 BP 1907 EP 1925 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ZT582 UT WOS:000074102300009 ER PT S AU Brown, SW Kennedy, TA Gammon, D AF Brown, SW Kennedy, TA Gammon, D BE Michel, J Kennedy, T Wada, K Thonke, K TI Optical NMR from single quantum dots SO DEFECTS IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defects in Electronic Materials II, at the Combined Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society / International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have observed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signatures from constituent Ga and As nuclei in single GaAs quantum dots formed by interface fluctuations in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. Orientation of the nuclear spin system by optical pumping causes an Overhauser shift in the excitonic energy levels proportional to the degree of nuclear orientation. NMR was detected by monitoring changes in the combined Overhauser plus Zeeman splitting of an exciton localized in a single quantum dot as the RF frequency was swept through a nuclear resonance. The NMR signals originate from similar to 10(5) nuclei in the quantum dot - (20 nm)(3) volume - representing an increase in sensitivity of five orders of magnitude over previous optical NMR measurements and thirteen orders of magnitude over conventional NMR. The data were fit to Lorentzian lineshapes, giving As-75 linewidths on the order of 20 kHz. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-346-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 442 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH80T UT WOS:A1997BH80T00003 ER PT S AU Connell, SH Sellschop, JPF Maclear, RD Doyle, BP Machi, IZ Nilen, RWN Butler, JE Bharuth-Ram, K AF Connell, SH Sellschop, JPF Maclear, RD Doyle, BP Machi, IZ Nilen, RWN Butler, JE Bharuth-Ram, K BE Davies, G Nazare, MH TI Hydrogen and hydrogen-like defects in diamond SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ICDS-19, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-19) CY JUL, 1997 CL AVEIRO, PORTUGAL SP European Union DG XII Sci Res & Dev, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Junta Nacl Investigacio Cient & Tecnol, USA Res Off, Trans Tech Publicat Ltd, USN Off Naval Res Grant DE diamond; hydrogen; defects ID ANOMALOUS MUONIUM AB Hydrogen is known to passivate active dopants in the diamond lattice, catalyse the growth of CVD diamond and to affect many of the physical and electrical properties of diamond. Positrons, muons, protons, and atoms formed from these positive particles have been used to study the behaviour of hydrogen in diamond. This paper reviews the results of these complementary studies. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. RP Connell, SH (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-786-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 258-2 BP 751 EP 756 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61R UT WOS:000072749500122 ER PT S AU Carlos, WE AF Carlos, WE BE Davies, G Nazare, MH TI Electrically and optically detected magnetic resonance in GaN-based LEDs SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ICDS-19, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-19) CY JUL, 1997 CL AVEIRO, PORTUGAL SP European Union DG XII Sci Res & Dev, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Junta Nacl Investigacio Cient & Tecnol, USA Res Off, Trans Tech Publicat Ltd, USN Off Naval Res Grant DE gallium nitride; magnetic resonance; EDMR; ODMR; LED ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; N-TYPE GAN; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; JUNCTION; DEFECTS; GROWTH; LAYERS AB Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) has emerged as a highly sensitive probe of defects in semiconductor device structures. In this work EDMR is combined with electrically excited, optically detected magnetic resonance (i.e., electroluminescence detected magnetic resonance - ELDMR), and optical excitation and quenching of EDMR to study and compare radiative and non-radiative recombination in GaN-based single quantum well (SQW) LEDs. The dominant feature detected by any of these techniques is a broad resonance (Delta B approximate to 13 mT) at g approximate to 2.01. ELDMR measurements show that, depending on bias, this defect is predominately associated with either an increase or a decrease in electroluminescence at resonance while our EDMR measurements show that this resonance is associated with an increase in current at resonance. This center is also observed as photocurrent-enhancing resonance and the EDMR can be quenched by optical absorption in the quantum well. It is suggested that this center is associated with a nonradiative recombination path, in parallel with the radiative recombination path and with recombination in the depletion region of a contact. A second resonance, with g approximate to 1.98 and Delta B approximate to 7 mT, is very similar to the deep donors, previously observed in GaN films and is associated with a decrease in both the current and electroluminescence at resonance but is not observed in the optical excitation experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-786-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 258-2 BP 1105 EP 1112 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61R UT WOS:000072749500181 ER PT J AU Hildebrandt, GG AF Hildebrandt, GG TI Handbook of defense economics, vol 1 - Hartely,K, Sandler,T SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP Hildebrandt, GG (reprint author), NAVAL POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1043-0717 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1080/10430719708404883 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA XG349 UT WOS:A1997XG34900004 ER PT S AU Sethian, J AF Sethian, J BE Pereira, NR Davis, J Pulsifer, PE TI The quest for a z-pinch based fusion energy source - a historical perspective SO DENSE Z-PINCHES - FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP US Def Special Weapons Agcy, USN, Naval Res Lab AB Ever since 1958, when Oscar Anderson observed copious neutrons emanating from a "magnetically self-constricted column of deuterium plasma," scientists have attempted to develop the simple linear pinch into a fusion power source. After all, simple calculations show that if one can pass a current of slightly less than 2 million amperes through a stable D-T plasma, then one could achieve not just thermonuclear break-even, but thermonuclear gain. Moreover, several reactor studies have shown that a simple linear pinch could be the basis for a very attractive fusion system. The problem is, of course, that the seemingly simple act of passing 2 MA through a stable pinch has proven to be quite difficult to accomplish. The pinch tends to disrupt due to instabilities, either by the m=0 (sausage) or m=1(kink) modes. Curtailing the growth of these instabilities has been the primary thrust of z-pinch fusion research, and over the years a wide variety of formation techniques have been tried. The early pinches were driven by relatively slow capacitive discharges and were formed by imploding a plasma column, The advent of fast pulsed power technology brought on a whole new repertoire of formation techniques, including: fast implosions, laser or field-enhanced breakdown in a uniform volume of gas, a discharge inside a small capillary, a frozen deuterium fiber isolated by vacuum, and staged concepts in which one pinch implodes upon another. And although none of these have yet to be successful, some have come tantalizingly close. This paper will review the history of this four-decade long quest for fusion power. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sethian, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-610-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 409 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BK50C UT WOS:000072372800001 ER PT S AU Mosher, D Stephanakis, SJ Apruzese, JP Black, DC Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Myers, MC Peterson, GG Weber, BV Young, FC AF Mosher, D Stephanakis, SJ Apruzese, JP Black, DC Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Myers, MC Peterson, GG Weber, BV Young, FC BE Pereira, NR Davis, J Pulsifer, PE TI Radius scaling of x-radiation from gas-puff implosions on an inductive driver SO DENSE Z-PINCHES - FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP US Def Special Weapons Agcy, USN, Naval Res Lab C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mosher, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-610-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 409 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BK50C UT WOS:000072372800022 ER PT S AU Thornhill, JW Cochran, FL Davis, J Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG AF Thornhill, JW Cochran, FL Davis, J Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG BE Pereira, NR Davis, J Pulsifer, PE TI Decade quad load performance SO DENSE Z-PINCHES - FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP US Def Special Weapons Agcy, USN, Naval Res Lab AB The performance of plasma radiation source (PRS) loads imploded by a long current pulse machine is investigated theoretically. The emission tolerant (with oil) Decade Quad design of Pulse Sciences Incorporated is an example of such a long current rise time machine. It has a peak short circuit current of 9 MA that is reached in 300 nanoseconds. Large radius loads must be employed for this type of machine in order to insure that high implosion velocities are reached and that the available energy is utilized. However, large radius implosions are known to be susceptible to the Rayleigh Taylor instability. The extent to which this instability affects the ability of an argon load to radiate K-shell photons is not known and is the subject of this model investigation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-610-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 409 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BK50C UT WOS:000072372800034 ER PT S AU Fisher, A Clark, RW Davis, J Giuliani, J AF Fisher, A Clark, RW Davis, J Giuliani, J BE Pereira, NR Davis, J Pulsifer, PE TI Enhanced K shell x-ray yield from over-massed targets SO DENSE Z-PINCHES - FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP US Def Special Weapons Agcy, USN, Naval Res Lab AB Pure neon gas-puff solid fill nozzle shots fielded on HAWK at NRL produced surprisingly high K shell x-ray yield. The pinch duration in these shots was about 1 mu s. These shots were in the low eta regime (where eta is the ion kinetic energy divided by the energy needed to reach the K shell) and it is clear that only a small fracton of the imploding mass reached the high temperature needed to produced the K shell radiation. In most of the cases, it is impossible to have a large pulse machine (tau-pinch > 1 mu s) work in a large-eta regime because of the large radius and low density requirements. The results on HAWK showed that it is possible to get good K shell yield even with over-massed loads. A possible explanation for the HAWK results might be the shock wave evolution in the gas column. The shock wave runs ahead of the magnetic piston and heats the center and then the piston compresses a hot core. In z pinches, the cylindrical convergence enhances the shockwave heating of the center. The results of these experiments and of a numerical parameteric study are presented. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fisher, A (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-610-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 409 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BK50C UT WOS:000072372800057 ER PT S AU Weber, BV Peterson, GG Stephanakis, SJ Commisso, RJ Fisher, A AF Weber, BV Peterson, GG Stephanakis, SJ Commisso, RJ Fisher, A BE Pereira, NR Davis, J Pulsifer, PE TI Measurement of gas distributions from PRS nozzles SO DENSE Z-PINCHES - FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP US Def Special Weapons Agcy, USN, Naval Res Lab AB A high-sensitivity laser interferometer has been used to measure gas distributions from nozzles used in high-power plasma radiation source experiments. These measurements are important for determining experimental parameters and for modeling implosions. The integral of the gas density along the laser beam line of sight is measured as a function of time at one axial distance, z, and one radial displacement, r. The nozzle is moved to scan the (r,z) cross section. The measurements are Abel-inverted to compute the local density n(r,z,t). Several examples are shown to illustrate the technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-610-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 409 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BK50C UT WOS:000072372800085 ER PT S AU Terry, RE Clark, RW AF Terry, RE Clark, RW BE Pereira, NR Davis, J Pulsifer, PE TI Analysis of magnetic interlayer staged PRS loads SO DENSE Z-PINCHES - FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP US Def Special Weapons Agcy, USN, Naval Res Lab AB Recently, yield enhancements have been reported(1,2) with a double puff that entrains an externally generated axial magnetic field between the annuli. Implosion of the outer layer with an external current pulse enhances the interlayer field through flux conservation. The axial field strengths obtained at the inner puff, as the outer one stagnates, might reach the threshold needed to show a strong compression of the inner puff. A survey with 0-D and 2-D MHD models applied to this configuration shows that strong compressions are quite possible, but a reliable knowledge of thin plasma resistivity at the boundary of the interlayer and a reliable model of end effects must be developed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terry, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-610-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 409 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BK50C UT WOS:000072372800111 ER PT S AU Duffy, L AF Duffy, L BE Salvendy, G Smith, MJ Koubek, RJ TI Cross-cultural crisis management teams in cyberspace SO DESIGN OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS: COGNITIVE CONSIDERATIONS SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 97) CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Chinese Acad Sci, EEC, European Strateg Programme Res & Dev Informat Technol, ESPRIT, Human Factors & Ergon Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Japan Ergon Soc, Japan Management Assoc AB This article will provide a description of "cyberspace" or distributed virtual environments (DVE). An example is given of a DVE built for cross-cultural crisis action teams. Six variables that can impact team effectiveness in DVE's are outlined. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, Res Dev Test & Evaluat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-82183-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1997 VL 21 BP 121 EP 124 PN A PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BK42Z UT WOS:000072153000030 ER PT B AU Dobeck, GJ Hyland, JC Smedley, L AF Dobeck, GJ Hyland, JC Smedley, L BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI Automated detection/classification of sea mines in sonar imagery SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB An advanced capability fur automated detection and classification of sea mines in sonar imagery has been developed. The Advanced Mine Detection and Classification (AMDAC) algorithm consists of an improved detection density algorithm, a classification feature extractor that uses a stepwise feature selection strategy, a k-nearest neighbor attractor-based neural network (KNN) classifier, and an optimal discriminatory filter clacssifier(ODFC). The detection stage uses a nonlinear matched filter to identify mine-size regions in the sonar image that closely match a mine's signature. For each detected mine-like region, the feature extractor calculates a large set of candidate classification features. A stepwise feature selection process then determines the subset features that optimizes probability of detection and probability of classification (PdPc) for each of the classifiers while minimizing false alarms. The AMDAC has been tested using 335 sonar images from three different sonar systems: a synthetic aperture sonar (SAS with 255 images), a side-scan sonar (SSS1 with 60 images) and another side-scan sonar (SSS2 with 60 images). The AMDAC's performance is: 90% PdPc with 0.42 false alarms per image for the SSS1; 92% PdPc with 0.64 false alarms per image for the SAS; and 91% PdPc with 0.12 false alarms per image far the SSS2. For these data bases the algorithm's performance is as good or slightly better than that of an expert sonar operator. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research, ONR 321TS, through the 6.2 Mine Countermeasures program element. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,DAHLGREN DIV,COASTAL SYST DIV,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407, USA. NR 0 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 90 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.280846 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00009 ER PT B AU Sammelmann, GS Fernandez, JE Christoff, JT Vaizer, L Lathrop, JD Sheriff, RW Montgomery, TC AF Sammelmann, GS Fernandez, JE Christoff, JT Vaizer, L Lathrop, JD Sheriff, RW Montgomery, TC BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI High frequency low frequency synthetic aperture sonar SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The HF/LF SAS (high frequency/low frequency SAS) is a high resolution SAS developed by COASTSYSTA and Northrop Grumman for the shallow water (SW) and very shallow water (VSW) regimes, This sonar suite has recently been delivered to COASTSYSTA and ii is currently undergoing field testing. This article describes this sonar and the type of resolution and acoustical images which are expected from this sonar. The application of this sonar to the SW and VSW regimes required the development of a novel method of motion compensation A description of this method and the type of accuracy's expected from this technique are presented. Finally, a look at future broad band systems and their predicted performance is presented. RP Sammelmann, GS (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,COASTAL SYST STN,DAHLGREN DIV,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 160 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.280850 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00014 ER PT B AU Freeman, DK AF Freeman, DK BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI Algorithmic improvements to the real-time implementation of a synthetic aperture sonar beamformer SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synthetic aperture sonar; beamformer; resolution; range; stave data; side-looking; vectorization; parallelization; mine; transducer array AB Coastal Systems Station has translated its Synthetic Aperture Sonar beamformer from linear (serial) processing to parallelprocessing. The initial implementation included many linear processes delegated to individual processors and neglected algorithmic refinements available to parallelprocessing. The steps taken to achieve increased computational speed for real-time beam forming are presented. RP Freeman, DK (reprint author), NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR,COASTAL SYST STN,DAHLGREN DIV,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1117/12.280860 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00026 ER PT B AU Nevis, A AF Nevis, A BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI Low contrast enhancement for electro-optic data SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE low contrast enhancement; background equalization; histogram clipping; image enhancement; electro-optic data AB Laser line scan (LLS) imagery has been found to have fluctuating brightness (contrast) regions due to high/low signal strengths when scanning data. The low signal strength regions can obscure visibility of potential mines, sometimes to the point of preventing identification by an operator inspecting the data. Two contrast enhancement routines have been developed to enhance obscured objects in the low signal strength regions: a background equalization routine that equalizes the high/low signal strength regions and a local histogram clipping routine that applies a moving window histogram clip to enhance details in the low strength regions without effecting the high strength regions. RP Nevis, A (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,COASTAL SYST STN,DAHLGREN DIV,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.280876 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00029 ER PT B AU Clem, TR AF Clem, TR BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI Progress in magnetic sensor technology for sea mine detection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE magnetic anomaly detection; magnetic gradiometer; superconductivity; superconducting quantum interference device; mine reconnaissance and hunting; unexploded ordnance detection AB A superconducting magnetic-field gradiometer developed in the 1980's has been demonstrated in fusion with acoustic sensors to enhance shallow water sea mine detection and classification, especially for buried mine detection and the reduction of acoustic false alarm rates, This sensor incorporated niobium bulk and wire superconducting components cooled by liquid helium to a temperature of 4 degrees Kelvin (K). An advanced superconducting gradiometer prototype is being developed to increase sensitivity and detection range. This sensor features all thin film niobium superconducting components (replacing the bulk superconducting components used in the preceding generation) and a new liquid helium cooling concept. In the late 1980's, a new class of ''high Tc'' superconductors was discovered with critical temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77K). The use of liquid nitrogen refrigeration offers new opportunities for this sensor technology, providing significant reduction in the size of sensor packages and in the requirements for cryogenic support and logistics. As a result of this breakthrough, a high Te sensor concept using liquid nitrogen refrigeration has been developed for mine reconnaissance applications and a test article of that concept is being fabricated and evaluated, In addition to these developments in sensor technology, new signal processing approaches and recent experimental results have been obtained to demonstrate an enhanced D/C capability. In this paper, these recent advances in sensor development and new results for an enhanced D/C capability will be reviewed and a current perspective on the role of magnetic sensors for mine detection and classification will be addressed. RP Clem, TR (reprint author), USN,COASTAL SYST STN,DAHLGREN DIV,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 354 EP 371 DI 10.1117/12.280862 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00031 ER PT B AU Lake, DE Sadler, B Casey, S AF Lake, DE Sadler, B Casey, S BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI Detecting regularity in minefields using collinearity and a modified Euclidean algorithm SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE regular point process; modified Euclidean algorithm (MEA); empty boxes test (EBT); Hough transform AB Minefields have point patterns that tend to exhibit regularity such as equal-spacing and collinearity that provide potentially valuable discriminants against natural occurring clutter. Previously, several simple procedures based on the Empty Boxes Test (EBT) and its extensions have been shown to be effective detectors of generic regularity in minefields without explicitly taking advantage of collinearity and equal-spacing. Recently, modifications of the Euclidean algorithm have been applied to the problem of determining the period (i.e., regularity) from a sparse set of detection times (i.e, a point process) which arises in pulse repetition interval (PRI) analysis, Besides the intriguing properties of this approach because of its number theoretic roots, the resulting algorithms are both computationally efficient and robust to errors introduced by (possibly many) missed detections, noise in time location, and false alarms. In this paper, a two-step procedure for detecting minefields is proposed whereby collinear points are first detected using a standard approach, the Hough transform, and the period estimated using the modified Euclidean algorithm. One advantage of this approach is that prior information on minefield spacing can be utilized to exclude collinear points that do not exhibit any periodicity or are spaced tao close together or too far apart. The preliminary detection performance of some of these minefield detection methods are quantified for using a point pattern extracted from real sensor data. RP Lake, DE (reprint author), OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 500 EP 507 DI 10.1117/12.280878 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00044 ER PT B AU Suiter, HR Swanson, NL AF Suiter, HR Swanson, NL BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI Sensitivity and noise comparison of intensified multispectral cameras SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Noise and sensitivity measurements are compared for five intensified cameras used, for airborne sensing of mines. Individual camera variations are discussed, as well as global similarities useful in camera modeling, The cameras generally have behaviors that closely match each other, but differ in sensitivity by factors of up to 12 for equal noise, The implication is that these intensified cameras-being short production-run items-display a great deal of individuality and that each camera must be carefully characterized before use, Reciprocity (product of radiance and exposure) and the variation of noise with radiance were also tested and found to be flat over three orders of magnitude, thus simplifying modeling. RP Suiter, HR (reprint author), USN,COASTAL SYST STN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,CODE R23,6703 WEST HWY 98,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 770 EP 779 DI 10.1117/12.280906 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00069 ER PT B AU Swanson, NL Welker, H Blume, BT Rish, JW AF Swanson, NL Welker, H Blume, BT Rish, JW BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI Application of thermal imaging to remote airfield assessment SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE thermal imaging; diurnal cycles; infrared imaging AB An investigation was recently undertaken to determine the applicability of thermal imaging to remote airfield assessment. Thermal images were acquired with an IR scanning radiometer having a minimum detectable temperature difference of 0.1 degree centigrade and a spectral bandpass of 3-12 microns. Areas of a test runway, at Wright Laboratory,Tyndall AFB, FL, were prepared to assess the capability of detection for small cracks and subsurface voids. We were able to detect voids that had been excavated beneath six inches of asphalt, millimeter width cracks, holes and other surface anomalies. During periods of diurnal heating and cooling, the surface anomalies radiate more energy than the bulk material and are easily detectable in the thermal images. We report on the image contrast ratios as a function of temperature throughout the diurnal period. RP Swanson, NL (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 819 EP 830 DI 10.1117/12.280911 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00074 ER PT J AU Clement, RE AF Clement, RE TI LWIR spectral properties of CVD diamond at cryogenic temperatures SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamond; CVD; infrared; optical AB The infrared emittance and transmittance spectra of a chemical vapor-deposited diamond substrate were determined at 4.2, 77 and 295 K. The multiphonon region was analyzed under varying degrees of spectral resolution. No variance in spectral properties over this temperature range was observed beyond measurement uncertainty. The refractive index of the material was determined in the 3-21 micron spectral region at cryogenic temperatures. The absorption coefficient was also determined and shown to vary from 11.7 cm(-1) in the short wave 2 phonon region to 0.79 cm(-1) at longer wavelengths. The results indicate that chemical vapor-deposited diamond possesses significant potential for use as windows, filter substrates and optical component coatings in long-wave infrared systems. RP Clement, RE (reprint author), USN,NAVAL COMMAND,CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RDT&E DIV,INFRARED MAT & DEV BRANCH,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 169 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(96)00596-1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WN373 UT WOS:A1997WN37300022 ER PT J AU Maull, EA Cogliano, VJ Scott, CS Barton, HA Fisher, JW Greenberg, M Rhomberg, L Sorgen, SP AF Maull, EA Cogliano, VJ Scott, CS Barton, HA Fisher, JW Greenberg, M Rhomberg, L Sorgen, SP TI Trichloroethylene health risk assessment: A new and improved process SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA ID MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CANCER RISK; MUTAGENICITY; CARCINOGENICITY; COHORT; RAT; METAANALYSIS AB Trichloroethylene (TCE), an environmental contaminant of National concern, is the focus of a new health risk assessment process incorporating the Proposed Cancer Risk Assessment Guidelines(1). This paper describes not only how TCE became an environmental problem for the Air Force, but also details the new Risk Assessment process envisioned by the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA). Insights on epidemiological evaluations, both past and future, and their impact on the cancer classification of TCE are discussed. Examples of how physiologically based pharmacokinetics and dose-response characterization described in the new Cancer Guidelines are applied to TCE are provided. In addition, a variety of modeling techniques are discussed for the development of reference doses (oral exposure) and reference concentrations (inhalation exposures) for TCE. Finally, the role of risk communication is included, This new process provides an example of how interagency (EPA, Department of Defense, Department of Energy) and extramural (industry, academia) partnerships can provide greater gains to the nation, as a whole, than any of the parts on their own. C1 Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, OEMH, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ICF Kaiser, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Engn Support Dept, Environm Programs Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Maull, EA (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, OEMH, 2402 E Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 427 EP 442 DI 10.3109/01480549709003900 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300018 PM 9433671 ER PT B AU Ashraf, MA AF Ashraf, MA GP UNIV PATRAS TI Multiple-sensor distributed detection systems with data fusion SO DSP 97: 1997 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: SPECIAL SESSIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP 97) CY JUL 02-04, 1997 CL SANTORINI, GREECE SP Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Greece, Hellenic Railway Org, Hellenic Tourism Org, Minist Aegean, Greece, Minist Culture, Greece, Prefecture Cyclades, Univ Patras, Inst Elect Engineers, IEEE, European Assoc Signal Proc AB This short paper presents a more general formulation to evaluate the global performance improvement in decentralized multiple-sensor distributed detection systems with data fusion. Furthermore, a comparative study of the global performance improvement in centralized and decentralized approaches is discussed in case of Gaussian distributed observations. The performance loss due to the decentralized approach is also discussed. The needed number of sensors, in the decentralized approach to achieve a performance non inferior to the centralized approach, is also obtained. We consider more complicated examples by considering a large number of sensors to characterize the performance trade-off between the centralized and decentralized approaches. Then the communications requirements can be compared to choose a preferred architecture. RP Ashraf, MA (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4137-6 PY 1997 BP 1031 EP 1034 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ90F UT WOS:A1997BJ90F00237 ER PT B AU Coffey, S Healy, L Neal, H AF Coffey, S Healy, L Neal, H BE Wytrzyszczak, IM Lieske, JH Feldman, RA TI Applications of parallel processing to astrodynamics SO DYNAMICS AND ASTROMETRY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CELESTIAL BODIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 - Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Int Astron Union, Polish Comm Sci Res, A Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Astron, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Embassy Warsaw, Observatoire Cote Azur, Polish Airlines LOT, Poznan Breweries Lech AB Parallel processing is being used to improve the catalog of earth orbiting satellites and for problems associated with the catalog. Initial efforts centered around using SIMD parallel processors to perform debris conjunction analysis and satellite dynamics studies. More recently, the availability of cheap supercomputing processors and parallel processing software such as PVM have enabled the reutilization of existing astrodynamics software in distributed parallel processing environments. Computations once taking many days with traditional mainframes are now being performed in only a few hours. Efforts underway for the US Naval Space Command include conjunction prediction, uncorrelated target processing and a new space object catalog based on orbit determination and prediction with special perturbations methods. RP Coffey, S (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 8233,4555 OVERLOOK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4574-6 PY 1997 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ40C UT WOS:A1997BJ40C00007 ER PT B AU Seidelmann, PK AF Seidelmann, PK BE Wytrzyszczak, IM Lieske, JH Feldman, RA TI Astrometry in the future SO DYNAMICS AND ASTROMETRY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CELESTIAL BODIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 - Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Int Astron Union, Polish Comm Sci Res, A Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Astron, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Embassy Warsaw, Observatoire Cote Azur, Polish Airlines LOT, Poznan Breweries Lech AB The introduction of the extragalactic reference frame and the availability of the Hipparcos and Tycho catalogs will have major impacts on changing the accuracy levels of astrometry in the future. There is a need for accurate densification of the reference frames down to at least 20th magnitude. Also accurate space motions and distances will be required. The ground based observations must be supplemented by space missions. In addition to traditional positional astrometry, the scientific applications of planetary detection, distance scales, multiple star systems, mass detections, solar system motions and geodesy will be advanced by the new accuracies. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), USN OBSERV,3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4574-6 PY 1997 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ40C UT WOS:A1997BJ40C00011 ER PT B AU Hope, AS Kaufman, B Dasenbrock, R Bakeris, D AF Hope, AS Kaufman, B Dasenbrock, R Bakeris, D BE Wytrzyszczak, IM Lieske, JH Feldman, RA TI A Clementine II mission to the asteroids SO DYNAMICS AND ASTROMETRY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CELESTIAL BODIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 - Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Int Astron Union, Polish Comm Sci Res, A Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Astron, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Embassy Warsaw, Observatoire Cote Azur, Polish Airlines LOT, Poznan Breweries Lech AB Clementine II is a Department of Defense (DoD) and industry interplanetary mission designed to flyby several asteroids and release science probes that will impact these asteroids. Candidate asteroids were identified and a nominal and backup mission was chosen from these candidates. The mission design is discussed and the baseline encounters are presented. A backup mission is briefly described. A mass breakdown for the baseline mission is provided as well as the proposed mission sensors. The final encounter approach B-Plane errors are determined and analyzed. A find summary of the Clementine If mission is presented. RP Hope, AS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4574-6 PY 1997 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ40C UT WOS:A1997BJ40C00023 ER PT B AU Corbin, T AF Corbin, T BE Wytrzyszczak, IM Lieske, JH Feldman, RA TI Contributions of the USNO to the optical reference frame SO DYNAMICS AND ASTROMETRY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CELESTIAL BODIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 - Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Int Astron Union, Polish Comm Sci Res, A Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Astron, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Embassy Warsaw, Observatoire Cote Azur, Polish Airlines LOT, Poznan Breweries Lech RP Corbin, T (reprint author), USN OBSERV,DEPT ASTRON,3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4574-6 PY 1997 BP 453 EP 462 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ40C UT WOS:A1997BJ40C00065 ER PT B AU Urban, SE AF Urban, SE BE Wytrzyszczak, IM Lieske, JH Feldman, RA TI New reductions of the astrographic catalogue - High accuracy, early epoch positions for proper motion studies SO DYNAMICS AND ASTROMETRY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CELESTIAL BODIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 - Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Int Astron Union, Polish Comm Sci Res, A Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Astron, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Embassy Warsaw, Observatoire Cote Azur, Polish Airlines LOT, Poznan Breweries Lech AB The Astrographic Catalogue (AC) measures are being reduced at the U.S. Naval Observatory to provide early epoch positions for approximately 5 million stars. The data, when combined with recent observations, provide a baseline of about 100 years with which to compute proper motions. Due to the inhomogeneity of telescopes and measuring techniques used in the AC: program, each of the 22 zones is being reduced independently with the Astrographic Catalog Reference Stars (ACRS). The data are analyzed and corrected for radial distortions, tilt, magnitude-dependent terms, coma, and distortions based on reseaux and measuring apparatus. To date, eleven zones have been reduced and are available on the WWW (http://aries.usno.navy.mil/ad/ac.html) or the international data centers. Mean errors of the positional data vary from zone to zone, but are generally in the 190-320 mas range per each image. The newly reduced AC data are being combined with the USNO's Twin Astrograph Catalog (TAG) in support of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This catalog should be available by the end of 1996. When the Tycho data are released, the AC positions will be used to improve the proper motions of the Tycho stars. In order to aid this work, the AC zones released by USNO have Tycho identifications, where applicable. RP Urban, SE (reprint author), USN OBSERV,3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4574-6 PY 1997 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ40C UT WOS:A1997BJ40C00070 ER PT B AU Pascu, D Rohde, JR Seidelmann, PK Wells, EN Kowal, CT Zellner, BH Storrs, A Currie, DG Dowling, DM AF Pascu, D Rohde, JR Seidelmann, PK Wells, EN Kowal, CT Zellner, BH Storrs, A Currie, DG Dowling, DM BE Wytrzyszczak, IM Lieske, JH Feldman, RA TI Astrometry of faint planetary satellites with WFPC2 of Hubble space telescope SO DYNAMICS AND ASTROMETRY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CELESTIAL BODIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 - Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Int Astron Union, Polish Comm Sci Res, A Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Astron, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Embassy Warsaw, Observatoire Cote Azur, Polish Airlines LOT, Poznan Breweries Lech AB Only the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) can detect about 20 of the faint satellites discovered with the two Voyager spacecraft. We describe here the techniques used in obtaining astrometric positions of the inner satellites of Uranus with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) of HST, and those planned for our scheduled observations of the inner Neptunian satellites. RP Pascu, D (reprint author), USN OBSERV,3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4574-6 PY 1997 BP 517 EP 524 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ40C UT WOS:A1997BJ40C00074 ER PT B AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC BE Wytrzyszczak, IM Lieske, JH Feldman, RA TI CCD observations of planets and asteroids in the extragalactic reference frame SO DYNAMICS AND ASTROMETRY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CELESTIAL BODIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 165 - Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Int Astron Union, Polish Comm Sci Res, A Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Astron, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Embassy Warsaw, Observatoire Cote Azur, Polish Airlines LOT, Poznan Breweries Lech AB This paper describes the methods used with the Flagstaff 20-cm CCD transit telescope for determining the positions of planets and asteroids directly in the extragalactic reference frame. As a result, the observations are not affected by (optical - radio) zonal errors, which can be +/-0.1 arcsec or greater in catalogs based on traditional fundamental observations. The telescope can observe objects as faint as V similar to 17.5 mag with an accuracy of sigma similar to +/-0.16 arcsec in each coordinate. As a result, a large number of asteroids and the planets Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are being routinely observed so that their ephemerides can be improved, masses determined, and accurate predictions made for occultation events. These observations are considerably more accurate than most previous results. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF STN,POB 1149,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4574-6 PY 1997 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ40C UT WOS:A1997BJ40C00077 ER PT S AU Koleske, DD Barger, WR Lee, GU Colton, RJ AF Koleske, DD Barger, WR Lee, GU Colton, RJ BE Drake, JM Klafter, J Kopelman, R TI Scanning probe microscope study of mixed chain-length phase-segregated Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers SO DYNAMICS IN SMALL CONFINING SYSTEMS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics in Small Confining Systems, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP MRS, ONR AB Using a scanning probe microscope, the influence of adhesion on measured film height of mixed-chain-length fatty acid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers was investigated. A 1:1 mixture of CH3[CH2](22)COOH and CH3[CH2](14)COOH, was deposited in which the long chain-length acid, C-24, was segregated from the short chain-length acid, C-16. Two experiments were performed, contact scanning and force curve mapping. From both experiments, the film height difference measured between the C-16 and C-24 regions was larger than expected. Adhesion of the tip was 20% larger over the C-16 acid regions. Using a compressional modulus derived from film pressure vs. area isotherms of the pure components, the adhesion difference and apparent film height difference over the two regions can be understood. RP Koleske, DD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,CODE 6177,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-368-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 464 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BH92X UT WOS:A1997BH92X00051 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Cecchi, G Engman, ET Zilioli, E TI Modeling of sea optical signatures under natural illumination SO EARTH SURFACE REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Surface Remote Sensing CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP CNR, NASA, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE optical signatures; diffuse reflection coefficient; natural illumination; radiative transfer; ocean optics; sea optics; optical remote sensing AB The influence of the illumination by the direct sun light and the diffuse light of the sky on the spectral structure of the apparent optical properties of seawater is studied. The resulting formula of this paper couples the sea diffuse reflection coefficient with the angular distribution of the natural light and the inherent optical properties of the seawater. This work uses a self-consistent approach to solve the radiative transfer equation. That approach was developed earlier to calculate the apparent optical properties including the diffuse reflection coefficient. A model of the inherent optical properties of seawater is proposed. This model expresses the inherent optical properties through the concentrations of chlorophyll, yellow substance, and biogenic and terrigenic hydrosols. The transformations of sea optical signatures, due to the changes in illumination and concentrations of suspended and dissolved matter, are analyzed. It is shown that the atmospheric optical parameters and the sun elevation angle significantly influence optical signatures of the upwelling light. The effective wavelength - the parameter that is weakly dependent on the conditions of illumination - is proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2654-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3222 BP 538 EP 549 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Forestry; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Water Resources GA BK34B UT WOS:000071842800056 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Cecchi, G Engman, ET Zilioli, E TI Modeling of spectral signatures of the littoral waters SO EARTH SURFACE REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Surface Remote Sensing CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP CNR, NASA, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE modeling; diffuse reflectance; spectral signatures; littoral waters AB The spectral values of remotely obtained radiance reflectance coefficient (RRC) are compared with the values of RRC computed from inherent optical properties measured during the shipborne experiment near the West Florida coast. The model calculations are based on the algorithm developed at the Naval research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center and presented here. The algorithm is based on the radiation transfer theory and uses regression relationships derived from experimental data. Overall comparison of derived and measured RRCs shows that this algorithm is suitable for processing ground truth data for the purposes of remote data calibration. The second part of this work consists of the evaluation of the Predictive Visibility Model (PVM). The simulated three-dimensional values of optical properties are compared with the measured ones. Preliminary results of comparison are encouraging and show that the PVM can qualitatively predict the evolution of inherent optical properties in littoral waters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2654-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3222 BP 550 EP 557 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Forestry; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Water Resources GA BK34B UT WOS:000071842800057 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Cecchi, G Engman, ET Zilioli, E TI Optical diffuse reflection of deep and shallow stratified sea waters SO EARTH SURFACE REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Surface Remote Sensing CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP CNR, NASA, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE diffuse reflection coefficient; sea optical properties; radiative transport; inhomogeneous waters; coastal waters AB Differential equations for the transmittance and the diffuse reflection coefficients of the stratified sea are obtained. To simplify starting radiative transfer equation, the approach uses experimental dependencies between mean cosines of underwater angular radiance distribution. The resulting equation for the diffuse reflection coefficient is of a Riccati type. Far the homogeneous sea with arbitrary combination of inherent optical properties, that equation is solved analytically. For vertically inhomogeneous sea it is solved approximately. The resulting formula expresses diffuse reflection coefficient through the profiles of inherent optical properties of seawater and bottom depth and albedo. The results of calculations with main formula are compared with the Monte Carlo computations. It was found that the precision of this theory is about 15% and it is comparable with the precision of contemporary in situ measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2654-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3222 BP 558 EP 564 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Forestry; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Water Resources GA BK34B UT WOS:000071842800058 ER PT J AU Riffenburgh, RH Olson, PE Johnstone, PA AF Riffenburgh, RH Olson, PE Johnstone, PA TI Association of schistosomiasis with cervical cancer: Detecting bias in clinical studies SO EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To investigate if Schistosoma haematobium infection increases the observed frequency of cervical cancer, data from literature were analysed in meta-analysis fashion, Results reveal that cervical cancer is statistically significantly less frequent in the presence of S. haematobium infection. A protective effect might be inferred; however, underlying bias in data collection and/or analysis is suspected, An approach to detecting bias is given, consisting of: (a) carefully stating and assessing the several components of the scientific method and; (b) identifying and contrasting the populations hypothesised and sampled, The approach is illustrated by searching for bias in the schistosomiasis-and-cancer reports. Sampling discrepancies were detected in patient geography, ages, and states of health, and suspected in disease prevalence sampled and disease prevalence reported, The conclusion is reached that effects of bias in the original studies preclude inference of a ''protective'' effect of S. haematobium infection against cervical cancer. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. USN,MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT,DIV RADIAT ONCOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP Riffenburgh, RH (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,34800 BOB WILSON DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL PI NAIROBI PA CHYULU ROAD PO BOX 41632, NAIROBI, KENYA SN 0012-835X J9 E AFR MED J JI East Afr. Med. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF013 UT WOS:A1997XF01300005 PM 9145570 ER PT B AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Software metrics model for integrating quality control and prediction SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 97) CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn DE validating and applying metrics; quality control; quality prediction; Boolean discriminant functions; marginal analysis AB A model is developed that is used to validate and apply metrics for quality control and quality prediction, with the objective of using metrics as early indicators of software quality problems. Metrics and quality factor data from the Space Shuttle flight software are used as an example. Our approach is to integrate quality control and prediction in a single model and to validate metrics with respect to a quality factor. Although a quality factor is ideally a direct measurement of software quality and hence, of more interest to customers and users than metrics, quality factors cannot be collected early in a project. Thus the need arises to validate metrics, which developers can collect early in a project, to act as an indirect measurement of the quality factor. Boolean discriminant functions (BDFs) were developed for use in the quality control and quality prediction process. These functions provide good accuracy (i.e., less than or equal to 3% error) for classifying low quality software. This is true because the BDFs consist of more than just a set of metrics. They include additional information for discriminating quality: critical values. Critical values are threshold values of metrics that are used to either accept or reject modules when the modules are inspected during the quality control process. A series of nonparametric statistical methods is used to: 1) identify a set of candidate metrics for further analysis; 2) identify the critical values of the metrics; and 3) find the optimal BDF of metrics and critical values based on the ability of the BDF to satisfy both statistical and application (i.e., quality and cost) criteria. We show that it is important to perform a marginal analysis when making a decision about how many metrics to use in the quality control and prediction process. If many metrics are added at once, the contribution of individual metrics is obscured. Also, the marginal analysis provides an effective stopping rule for deciding when to stop adding metrics. We found that certain metrics are dominant in their effects on classifying quality and that additional metrics are nor needed to accurately classify quality. This effect is called dominance. Related to the property of dominance is the property of concordance, which is the degree to which a set of metrics produces the same result in classifying software quality. A high value of concordance implies that additional metrics wilt not make a significant contribution to accurately classifying quality; hence, these metrics are redundant. RP Schneidewind, NF (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8121-7 PY 1997 BP 402 EP 415 DI 10.1109/ISSRE.1997.630888 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ93V UT WOS:A1997BJ93V00047 ER PT S AU Haftel, MI Rosen, M Corcoran, SG AF Haftel, MI Rosen, M Corcoran, SG BE Andricacos, PC Corcoram, SG Delplancke, JL Moffat, TP Searson, PC TI Embedded atom model of surface stress and early film growth in electrodeposition: Ag/Au(111) SO ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION OF MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Synthesis and Modification of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We develop an embedded-atom-model (EAM) for simulations of metallic film growth under electrodeposition. The surface charge induced by the electric field is handled as an addition to the electron density to be used in the EAM. Parameters relating the shift in electron density to the electrolytic potential are calibrated to measurements of the capacitance and of surface stress versus potential for Au. For Ag the calibration is to capacitance and local density approximation calculations of surface energy. The resulting parameters are physically realistic for the experiments performed. The model is then applied to calculating migration and step edge barriers for Ag electrodeposited on Au(111) as an explanation of the observed Stranski-Krastanov growth. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-355-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 451 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BJ46P UT WOS:A1997BJ46P00004 ER PT J AU Shifler, DA Moran, PJ Kruger, J AF Shifler, DA Moran, PJ Kruger, J TI The effects of sulfides on the passivity of carbon steel in organic solutions SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE sulfides; passivity; breakdown; carbon steel; organic; electropolymerization; nonaqueous; iron ID ANHYDROUS PROPYLENE CARBONATE; NICKEL-IRON ALLOY; STAINLESS-STEEL; PITTING CORROSION; DIMETHOXYETHANE SOLUTIONS; INCLUSIONS; INITIATION; SULFUR; WATER; DISSOLUTION AB Corrosion is known to initiate at sulfide inclusion in aqueous solutions. The effects of sulfides on the passivity and the breakdown of passivity of 99.999% iron and 1018 carbon steel was investigated in two aprotic nonaqueous solvents: (1) propylene carbonate (PC) with LiClO4 or LiAsF6 as supporting electrolytes and (2) dimethoxyethane (DME) with LiAsF6 electrolyte. Carbon steel was also examined in PC-DME/LiAsF6 mixtures. Sulfides do not appear to interfere with passivation when it is provided by solvent adsorption in either nonaqueous solvent. Sulfides may lower the solvent oxidation potential and decrease the anodic potential at which breakdown initially occurs in either pure solvent. Sulfides also influence the kinetics of repassivation above the solvent oxidation potential of either solvent when passivation is provided by salt film formation or electropolymerization. The bleeding of sulfur or sulfide from inclusion sites where electropolymerization has occurred in PC/DME mixtures undermines attempts at passivation and promotes instability leading to anodic current increases with time and further corrosion of carbon steel. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 USN ACAD, DEPT MECH ENGN, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21402 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. RP USN, CTR SURFACE WARFARE, CODE 613, 3A LEGGETT CIRCLE, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21402 USA. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1997 VL 42 IS 4 BP 567 EP 577 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(96)00201-0 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA VX738 UT WOS:A1997VX73800008 ER PT S AU Saunders, M Fox, AG AF Saunders, M Fox, AG BE Rodenburg, JM TI Quantitative convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) measurements of low-order structure factors in metals SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1997 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute-of-Physics (EMAG 97) CY SEP 02-05, 1997 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB AB The quantitative zone-axis CBED pattern matching technique developed by Bird and Saunders is applied to low-order structure factor refinements from the metals nickel and copper. A new method is proposed for determining which structure factors can be refined from a specific data-set. The validity of the widely used correction potential for thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) is considered by comparing CBED refinement values of the imaginary structure factors to those given by the Einstein model. In addition, the importance of second-order TDS corrections in bonding studies is investigated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Saunders, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Saunders, Martin/B-3082-2011 OI Saunders, Martin/0000-0001-6873-7816 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0441-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 153 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BK36R UT WOS:000071919200029 ER PT S AU Saunders, M Fox, AG AF Saunders, M Fox, AG BE Rodenburg, JM TI Quantitative convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) measurements of temperature factors in metals SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1997 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute-of-Physics (EMAG 97) CY SEP 02-05, 1997 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB AB The quantitative zone-axis CBED pattern matching technique developed by Bird and Saunders for the refinement of low-order structure factors is now applied to the determination of temperature factors in metals. Two alternative strategies are considered. The first involves the optimization of a goodness-of-fit parameter as a function of the fixed temperature factor used for the structure factor refinement. The second compares the variation of the refined structure factors with their neutral atom equivalents as a function of the temperature factor used for the fit. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Saunders, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Saunders, Martin/B-3082-2011 OI Saunders, Martin/0000-0001-6873-7816 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0441-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 153 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BK36R UT WOS:000071919200033 ER PT S AU Fan, YC Fitzgerald, AG Xu, HC Storey, BE Tooke, AO Broussard, PR Cestone, VC AF Fan, YC Fitzgerald, AG Xu, HC Storey, BE Tooke, AO Broussard, PR Cestone, VC BE Rodenburg, JM TI Atomic force microscopy studies of the surface morphology of annealed single crystal substrates and substrate annealing effects on the YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film growth SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1997 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute-of-Physics (EMAG 97) CY SEP 02-05, 1997 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB ID MGO AB The surface morphologies of yttria-stabilised ZrO2 (YSZ) and MgO single crystal substrates annealed at high temperatures in an oxygen atmosphere have been examined by AFM. Substrate annealing effects on the growth of high T-c YBCO superconducting thin films have also been studied by preparing the thin films on the non-annealed and annealed substrates. STM image observations of the YBCO thin films show that the well-defined substrate surface conditions obtained after high temperature annealing play a dominant role in governing the film growth mechanism which determines the film's microstructure and surface morphology. C1 Univ Dundee, Dept Appl Phys & Elect & Mech Engn, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fan, YC (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Dept Appl Phys & Elect & Mech Engn, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0441-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 153 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BK36R UT WOS:000071919200047 ER PT S AU Menon, ESK Fox, AG Reynolds, WT Spanos, G AF Menon, ESK Fox, AG Reynolds, WT Spanos, G BE Rodenburg, JM TI Peels of steels SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1997 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute-of-Physics (EMAG 97) CY SEP 02-05, 1997 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB AB Some of the salient results of parallel electron energy loss (PEELS) studies of the detection, distribution and quantification of carbon in various steels are presented. The feasibility of detecting C in ultra low carbon alloy steels containing as little as 0.03wt% C by PEELS is demonstrated followed by examples of electron energy loss images showing C partitioning between retained austenite and ferrite or martensite. In addition, an example of C and Mo segregation to ferrite:martensite interfaces during diffusional austenite decomposition in a Fe-C-Mo steel is presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Menon, ESK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0441-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 153 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BK36R UT WOS:000071919200073 ER PT S AU Hashimoto, RY Menon, ESK Saunders, M Fox, AG AF Hashimoto, RY Menon, ESK Saunders, M Fox, AG BE Rodenburg, JM TI The study of copper-alumina interfaces by EELS SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1997 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute-of-Physics (EMAG 97) CY SEP 02-05, 1997 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS AB A diffusion bonded copper-alumina interface has been studied using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Investigations of the bulk alumina (polycrystalline) show that silica, a common commercial impurity, is present at the triple junctions in the form of fine mullite crystals in a glassy, silicon rich phase. EDX studies of the interface revealed that silicon is present in varying concentrations from 1at% to 10at%. Spatial difference EELS analysis of the interface shows two distinct residuals: a coordination similar to an aluminosilicate for silicon rich areas and a coordination similar to that of metal-to-metal bonding for low silicon regions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hashimoto, RY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Saunders, Martin/B-3082-2011 OI Saunders, Martin/0000-0001-6873-7816 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0441-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 153 BP 495 EP 498 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BK36R UT WOS:000071919200117 ER PT B AU Moschopoulos, J AF Moschopoulos, J BE Wilson, PA TI Advanced integrated control and information systems in the US Navy SO ELEVENTH SHIP CONTROL SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Ship Control Systems Symposium CY APR, 1997 CL SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND SP Minist Def, UK, Univ Southampton, Dept Ship Sci RP Moschopoulos, J (reprint author), USN,SEA SYST COMMAND USA,2531 JEFFERSON DAVIS HIGHWAY,ARLINGTON,VA 22242, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-522-9 PY 1997 BP 11 EP 31 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ04H UT WOS:A1997BJ04H00002 ER PT B AU Jacobson, CP Whitesel, HK AF Jacobson, CP Whitesel, HK BE Wilson, PA TI Code division multiplexing of optical fiber sensors for shipboard applications SO ELEVENTH SHIP CONTROL SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Ship Control Systems Symposium CY APR, 1997 CL SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND SP Minist Def, UK, Univ Southampton, Dept Ship Sci AB As shipboard sensing requirements increase, economical networking of sensor; becomes important. In addition, there are the problems of reliability, weight, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) that must be addressed. This paper describes a scheme for sensing in high EMI environments economically and reliably using optical fiber sensors multiplexed with a technique known as code division multiplexing (CDM). The basic code division multiplexing is presented along with examples of different types of optical fiber sensors that can be implemented. Finally, potential shipboard applications are shown for machinery monitoring and damage control. RP Jacobson, CP (reprint author), USN,SEA SYST COMMAND,INTEGRATED INFORMAT SYST GRP,2531 JEFFERSON DAVIS HIGHWAY,ARLINGTON,VA 22242, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-522-9 PY 1997 BP 381 EP 390 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ04H UT WOS:A1997BJ04H00027 ER PT B AU Donnelly, J Ray, A AF Donnelly, J Ray, A BE Wilson, PA TI Damage estimation and failure prognostics: Tomorrow's 'experts' for machinery maintenance SO ELEVENTH SHIP CONTROL SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Ship Control Systems Symposium CY APR, 1997 CL SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND SP Minist Def, UK, Univ Southampton, Dept Ship Sci AB In the post-cold war era, increased emphasis is being put on maintenance and life extension of existing equipment in an effort to reduce the life cycle cost of naval machinery (e.g., surface ships and undersea vehicles). The technological challenges for reliable and cost effective operation of machinery are met through a combination of failure prognostics, condition-based maintenance, and computer-based scheduling and control. This paper presents a unified approach to synthesis of methodologies for maintenance that are built upon the fusion of sensor-based and model-based information. The current state-of-the-art diagnostic tools primarily rely on identification of the individual events and statistical trending of sensor data. Such diagnostic tools merely provide the current status of the machinery and equipment health and are not capable of predicting the time remaining to the end of service life. Apparently, these diagnostic tools do not take advantage of the information-based synergism that usually exists among the individual sensor data, dynamics of the physical process, and the characteristics of the structural materials. In essence, the lack of this knowledge often leads to: Less than achievable performance due to overly conservative design and operational procedure; or Over-straining of the mechanical structures leading to unexpected failures and drastic reduction of the service life. For example, imprecise diagnostic tools could result in cost escalation due to extremely conservative time-based preventive maintenance to avert catastrophic failures. On the other hand, they may create a dangerous environment in which warning messages are not seriously taken due to occurrence of frequent false alarms. The work reported in the paper characterizes the process dynamics and material properties and then utilizes this information in a mathematical form that is readily applicable to synthesis of robust decision and control policies for plant operation & maintenance. The main-theme here is the development of analytical tools for damage estimation and failure prognostics and their potential applications to naval machinery. The paper is organized as follows. An introductory overview wilt be presented first followed by details of analytical formulation of the proposed methodologies. This will set the stags for exploring how these damage estimation and prognostic algorithms can be employed in support of naval machinery systems. The paper will be concluded with a glimpse at the future. RP Donnelly, J (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,SHIP SYST ENGN STN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19112, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-522-9 PY 1997 BP 391 EP 402 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ04H UT WOS:A1997BJ04H00028 ER PT B AU Solka, JL Marchette, DJ Rogers, GW Durling, EC Green, JE Talsma, D AF Solka, JL Marchette, DJ Rogers, GW Durling, EC Green, JE Talsma, D BE Schaefer, D Williams, EF TI Region of interest identification in unmanned aerial vehicle imagery SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION - 25TH AIPR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th AIPR Workshop on Emerging Applications of Computer Vision CY OCT 16-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Appl Imagery Pattern Recognit Execut Comm DE low-level vision; unmanned aerial vehicle; statistical pattern recognition; genetic algorithms; fractal dimension; mixture models AB This paper details recent work by our group on the use of low-level features for the identification of man-made regions in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Using low-level fractal-based features, the system classifies regions in the image via probability densities estimated for each class. These densities are estimated semi-parametrically, giving the system great flexibility in the functional form of the densities. This paper details some of our group's contributions to the areas of feature extraction, probability density estimation, classification, and the integration of these techniques into a user friendly environment. In addition we present some preliminary results from an ongoing large scale study involving recently collected UAV imagery. RP Solka, JL (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,ADV COMPUTAT TECHNOL GRP,DAHLGREN DIV,17320 DAHLGREN RD,CODE B10,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2366-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2962 BP 180 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.267823 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BH32N UT WOS:A1997BH32N00019 ER PT B AU Healy, JW Horey, J McCormack, R Wolff, R Purvis, E AF Healy, JW Horey, J McCormack, R Wolff, R Purvis, E BE Schaefer, D Williams, EF TI Commercialization of the weapons team engagement trainer: Update of process SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION - 25TH AIPR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th AIPR Workshop on Emerging Applications of Computer Vision CY OCT 16-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Appl Imagery Pattern Recognit Execut Comm DE Technology Transfer; SWAT training; WTET; partnership programs; training; simulation; law enforcement training; close quarter combat training; use of force training; NAWCTSD AB The Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division is currently involved in the commercialization of the Weapons Team Engagement Trainer (WTET) through a non traditional technology transfer program. Funded by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Defense Laboratory Partnership for Technology Transfer, represents an opportunity for the Department of Defense to transition research and development products to the commercial sector through partnership with industry. This effort will produce a commercially available special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team trainer that will satisfy both military and law enforcement requirements. This effort has benefits in terms of speed of transition and opportunities for user involvement that will result in a higher quality product than traditional acquisition methods. Details of the system and the transfer process are provided. RP Healy, JW (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,TRAINING SYST DIV,12350 RES PKWY,ORLANDO,FL 32826, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2366-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2962 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1117/12.267835 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BH32N UT WOS:A1997BH32N00030 ER PT B AU Baker, DJ AF Baker, DJ BE Sisti, AF TI Design, implementation, and use of a real-time, distributed simulation testbed for mobile communication networks SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE simulation; real-time; distributed; communication; networks; mobile; military; testing AB There is a need to design, develop, and test new mobile communication networks for military applications. The hardware cost to outfit a single node may be quite high. Much of the cost is in RF hardware, modems, and encryption devices. Replicating such costs over several nodes and adding the cost of maintaining a field site can quickly lead to unacceptable budget levels. One solution to this problem is, in the initial development and testing phase, to develop network communication systems that can operate with either real or simulated transmitters, receivers, modems, etc. This paper describes how we accomplished this task for the development of a High Frequency, Data/Voice (D/V) mobile network. The underlying, distributed, real-time simulation software evolved from Sim++(2). On top of this we built a simulation package to model mobile communication networks. Software for the SubNet Controller (SNC) of the HF D/V Network was developed to work with these simulation packages as well as to work with real RF equipment. The SNC software was tested in a 6-node network in which some of the RF equipment was simulated and some was real. The resultant system provides a testbed for examining the performance of command and control systems that must operate over mobile RF communication systems. RP Baker, DJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5521,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2498-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3083 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.276710 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ16T UT WOS:A1997BJ16T00018 ER PT B AU Smith, WR Washburn, KB Ng, HC AF Smith, WR Washburn, KB Ng, HC BE Sisti, AF TI A communication modeling approach for advanced distributed simulation SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE communications modeling; tactical communications; modeling and simulation; distributed simulation; ADS; DIS; HLA AB NRL is developing an end-to-end distributed simulation environment in support of several Navy technology development programs. One of the critical needs in this distributed simulation environment is a tactical communications emulator. Current distributed simulation exercises seldom provide a flexible communications system model with realistic fidelity. As a result, we are creating a Tactical Communications Model Server architecture which operates in Advanced Distributed Simulations (ADS). We are taking an evolutionary approach that will allow integration of specialized or general Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) communication connectivity models. This paper describes our objectives, the system architecture and design trade-off considerations. RP Smith, WR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2498-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3083 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1117/12.276714 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ16T UT WOS:A1997BJ16T00022 ER PT B AU Ahart, J AF Ahart, J BE Thompson, PJ TI Military activities: Their impact on the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environmental Issues of the 21st Century CY APR, 1995 CL CUNY, LEHMAN COLL, NEW YORK, NY HO CUNY, LEHMAN COLL C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PETER LANG PUBLISHING INC PI NEW YORK PA 62 W 45TH ST, 4TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA BN 0-8204-3749-2 PY 1997 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Studies SC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK78L UT WOS:000073379800013 ER PT S AU Rappoli, BJ DeSisto, WJ Marks, TJ Belot, JA AF Rappoli, BJ DeSisto, WJ Marks, TJ Belot, JA BE Schlom, DG Eom, CB Hawley, ME Foster, CM Speck, JS TI MOCVD precursor delivery monitored and controlled using UV spectroscopy. SO EPITAXIAL OXIDE THIN FILMS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Argonne Natl Lab, Hewlett Packard Labs, Kurt J Lesker Co, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Oxford Instruments Amer Inc, Target Mat AB The glyme adducts of bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionate)barium, Ba(hfac)(2).glyme, are frequently employed as precursors in the MOCVD fabrication of HTSC thin films. The physical properties of these precursors can be modified by changing the glyme ligand in the barium complex. In this study, gas phase concentrations of two barium complexes as a function of purge time and bubbler temperature have been examined by in-situ UV spectroscopy. Also presented are the details of a UV spectrophotometric-based feedback control system designed to maintain constant gas phase concentration of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptadionate (thd) precursors, Cu(thd)(2) and Y(thd)(3), during MOCVD growth of mixed metal oxide films. RP Rappoli, BJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-378-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 474 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ69L UT WOS:A1997BJ69L00011 ER PT S AU Stroud, RM Browning, VM Byers, JM Chrisey, DB FullerMora, WW Grabowski, KS Horwitz, JS Kim, J Knies, DL Osofsky, MS AF Stroud, RM Browning, VM Byers, JM Chrisey, DB FullerMora, WW Grabowski, KS Horwitz, JS Kim, J Knies, DL Osofsky, MS BE Schlom, DG Eom, CB Hawley, ME Foster, CM Speck, JS TI Structural inhomogeneities and resistivity in radiation damaged La-2/3(Ca,Sr)(1/3)MnO3-delta pulsed laser deposited thin films SO EPITAXIAL OXIDE THIN FILMS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Argonne Natl Lab, Hewlett Packard Labs, Kurt J Lesker Co, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Oxford Instruments Amer Inc, Target Mat AB The relationship between structural distortions and resistivity in pulsed laser deposited La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) and La2/3Sr2/3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films was investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and resistivity measurements. The growth defects inherent to annealed films were characterized, and then additional defects were introduced by radiation damage. Epitaxially grown films on (100) LaAlO3 substrates exhibited three primary types of growth defects: interface strain, column boundary mismatch, and column rotation. High resolution TEM measurements show well-ordered regions of film that offer low resistance paths for current dow around growth defects. A series of annealed samples were irradiated with 6 Mev Si+3 ions to produce 0.006 to 0.024 displacements per atom (dpa) in LCMO films, and 0.028 to 0.14 dpa in LSMO films. The peak resistance temperature (T-p) was found to depend strongly on defect concentration, varying from 235K +/- 15K for the unirradiated LCMO films to 95K for 0.018 dpa At 0.024 dpa, the LCMO film was insulating at all temperatures. LSMO films showed a downward shift in T-p from 300K for an unirradiated film to 250K for 0.028 dpa, and complete insulating behavior for 0.14 dpa. RP Stroud, RM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-378-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 474 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ69L UT WOS:A1997BJ69L00026 ER PT S AU Broussard, PR Cestone, VC Qadri, SB AF Broussard, PR Cestone, VC Qadri, SB BE Schlom, DG Eom, CB Hawley, ME Foster, CM Speck, JS TI Characterization of off-axis sputtered La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films and La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta bilayers SO EPITAXIAL OXIDE THIN FILMS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Argonne Natl Lab, Hewlett Packard Labs, Kurt J Lesker Co, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Oxford Instruments Amer Inc, Target Mat AB Thin films of the colossal magnetoresistive material La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) have been grown by off-axis sputtering from a single target of the LCMO material onto various substrates and studied by electrical transport, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The LCMO films typically grow with the (002) direction oriented normal to the film We find magnetoresistances at 6 T of approximate to 90%. We observe a scaling between the temperature of the resistivity peak (T-p) and the relative change in resistivity between room temperature and the resistance peak for T-p varying from 90 to 270 K. This scaling is consistent with an activated resistivity above the peak, with an activation temperature of approximate to 940 K. Films of LCMO grown on cubic zirconia exhibit an upturn in resistivity at low temperatures. Bilayers of LCMO and the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta have been grown and compared to see the effects of having either the magnetic or superconducting layer first in the sequence. RP Broussard, PR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-378-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 474 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ69L UT WOS:A1997BJ69L00034 ER PT J AU Hamel, CJ RyanJones, DL AF Hamel, CJ RyanJones, DL TI Using three-dimensional interactive graphics to teach equipment procedures SO ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION; DESIGN; ANIMATION; SIMULATIONS; LESSON; VIDEO; WORDS; TASK AB This report focuses on how 3-D graphical and interactive features of computer-based instruction can enhance learning and support human cognition during technical training of equipment procedures (where procedural training tasks are often highly specific to a piece of equipment). Studies of the effects of graphics, motion, and interactivity in technical training, and reports of successful instruction using state-of-the art graphics and animation were reviewed to extract a set of guidelines for using 3-D interactive graphics to teach equipment procedures. C1 VALENCIA COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT SOCIAL SCI,VALENCIA,SPAIN. USN,CTR PERSONNEL RES & DEV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC EDUC COMMUNICATIONS & TECHNOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1025 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 820, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 1042-1629 J9 ETR&D-EDUC TECH RES JI ETR&D-Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1007/BF02299684 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA YL195 UT WOS:A1997YL19500005 ER PT S AU Moore, DL AF Moore, DL BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Naval air systems team advanced materials requirements, programs and initiatives SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE naval aviation; materials; processes; metals; materials protection; composites; corrosion; nondestructive test and evaluation; environmental AB Naval aviation is facing some of it's most complex and difficult challenges in recent history. The Navy's harsh, corrosive environment combined with the demands of carrier and sea-based operations have always been formidable factors. Today, the continuing evolution of performance-based requirements in addition to emerging environmental and safety requirements are adding significantly to the Navy's challenge. Affordability is now an overarching consideration across the broad spectrum of naval aviation science and technology, acquisition development, production and in-service engineering activities. These synergistic requirements are driving the programs and initiatives of the Naval Aviation Materials Competency. This paper describes the complex scenario facing the naval aviation community, and the Materials Competency plans, programs and initiatives to meet the requirements of today as well as those anticipated for tomorrow. C1 USN, Air Syst TEAM, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Moore, DL (reprint author), USN, Air Syst TEAM, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 614 EP 622 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200062 ER PT S AU Lee, EW Frazier, WE London, G Mahapatra, R Kowalik, R Richardson, G Pregger, B AF Lee, EW Frazier, WE London, G Mahapatra, R Kowalik, R Richardson, G Pregger, B BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Advanced propulsion material development for next generation navy aircraft SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE coating; aligned microstructure; ceramic matrix composite; super alloy; propulsion material AB To maintain the Navy's technological advantage in carrier-based aircraft warfare, new and improved propulsion materials are needed. Required engine improvements include expansion of the flight performance envelop, superior maneuverability, strike radius enhancement and durability. Additionally, dramatic reduction in military spending has imposed the need of affordability for new defense systems. To meet these needs, naval aviation systems require significant advances in gas turbine propulsion systems. High performance materials and innovative materials processing technology are of singular importance in achieving performance and affordability goals. The NAWCAD Patuxent River is engaged in the evaluation of the effect of the Navy operating environment on candidate high temperature materials used in propulsion systems and engine exhaust washed areas. These materials include high temperature coatings, ceramics, superalloys and intermetallics. In this paper, the Navy's work on the development, evaluation, improvement and characterization of propulsion materials will be described. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, EW (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Code 4-3-4, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 623 EP 634 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200063 ER PT S AU Cochran, R Matson, C Thoman, S Wong, D AF Cochran, R Matson, C Thoman, S Wong, D BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Advanced composite processes for aerospace applications SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE composites; processing; fiber placement; resin transfer molding (RTM) AB Advanced composite processes such as Fiber Placement (FP) and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) are being used with greater frequency in many new aircraft programs as well as in upgrades and modifications to existing aircraft. Advanced processes provide the opportunity to automate high cost operations, such as hand lay-up, and to produce parts with less variability; in addition, automated processes improve material utilization. One of the biggest advantages of advanced composite processes is the ability to fabricate large unitized structures that combine many pieces into one large structure. This unitization of parts significantly reduces the cost of the overall airframe through minimization of assembly costs, touch labor, part tracking and quality inspections. This paper will review some current applications of advanced composite processes on Navy aircraft and review the procedures by which these advanced processes were developed and certified for application to primary and secondary aircraft structure. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochran, R (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200064 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Diamond and sapphire for infrared windows and domes SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE diamond; sapphire; infrared window ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; FRACTURE-STRENGTH; CVD DIAMOND; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; COATINGS AB Chemical-vapor-deposited diamond is being developed as a durable bulk window material and as a coating material. Clear windows up to 1 mm thick and 60 mm diameter have been produced. Domes up to 1.5 mm thick and 75 mm in diameter have been grown and polishing is in progress. Methods have been demonstrated for attaching diamond coatings to optical windows. At 10.6 mu m wavelength, the absorption coefficient is as low as 0.1 to 0.3 cm(-1) optical scatter is below 1%, and emissivity at 500 degrees C is below 3%. Microwave dielectric properties, thermal properties, and most mechanical properties (except strength) of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond are equivalent to those of Type IIa natural diamond. Sapphire is the most durable, commercial window material. It has marginal thermal shock resistance for the most demanding missions because its strength falls rapidly at elevated temperature. A study of sapphire led to the serendipitous discovery that its strength above 400 degrees C is limited by weakness in compression, not tension. Compression on the c-axis of the crystal produces twins on rhombohedral crystal planes. When twins intersect, fractures form and mechanical failure results. Understanding the failure mechanism makes possible a research program to try to improve high-temperature strength. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200065 ER PT S AU Spadafora, SJ Eng, AT Kovaleski, KJ Rice, CE Pulley, DF Dumsha, DA AF Spadafora, SJ Eng, AT Kovaleski, KJ Rice, CE Pulley, DF Dumsha, DA BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Aerospace finishing systems for naval aviation SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE aircraft coatings; pollution prevention; inorganic pretreatments AB Finishing systems on Navy aircraft perform a variety of functions, but clearly the most critical of these is the protection of aircraft structures from environmental degradation Protective coatings serve as the primary defense against corrosion of aircraft metallic alloys, as well as degradation of other materials such as polymeric composites. Traditional coatings for aircraft include inorganic pretreatments, epoxy primers and polyurethane topcoats. Pretreatments provide some corrosion protection and prepare the surface for subsequent organic coatings. Primers normally contain high concentrations of corrosion inhibitors, such as chromates, and they are designed to provide superior adhesion and corrosion protection. Polyurethane topcoats sue formulated to enhance protection and durability; they also provide desired optical effects (i.e., aesthetics or camouflage). More recently, alternative coatings have been developed, such as non-hexavalent chromate pretreatments, self-priming topcoats, flexible primers, low volatile organic compounds (VOC) content coatings, temporary and multi-functional coatings. These new developments reflect trends in protective coatings technology, changes in aircraft operational requirements/capabilities. and, most dramatically, concerns over environmental protection and worker safety. These environmental issues have created a drive toward coatings with ultra low (possibly zero) concentrations of VOC and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors. In turn, these changes have led to concerns over long-term performance, especially protection against corrosion. This paper reviews current protective coatings technology for Navy aircraft structures and discusses future needs and trends based on advancing technology, environmental concerns, and operational requirements. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Spadafora, SJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Code 4-3-4-1,Bldg 2188,48066 Shaw Rd,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 662 EP 676 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200067 ER PT S AU Kozol, J Conrad, D Hartle, S Ivey, R Slife, R Berkel, T AF Kozol, J Conrad, D Hartle, S Ivey, R Slife, R Berkel, T BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI 21st century aircraft depainting strategies SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE aerospace/aircraft; paint removal; cleaning AB Current chemical paint strippers for aircraft contain toxic and hazardous components and depainting operations are a major source of hazardous waste generation in the DOD. Federal and state agencies have begun to restrict the use of these hazardous materials and Government directives require significant reductions in hazardous waste generation. The Naval Air Systems Team (Laboratories, Depots and Headquarters) has teamed with the Air Force at Warner Robins Air Logistics Command in investigating advanced paint removal technologies and has taken a multi-process approach to meeting the requirements of aircraft and component stripping at various levels of maintenance. This paper describes the results of development and application of current and emerging technologies which can be used safely on aircraft metallic or composite surfaces. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Kozol, J (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 677 EP 688 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200068 ER PT S AU Mehrkam, PA Price, T AF Mehrkam, PA Price, T BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Implementation of new composite repair materials technologies on US Navy aircraft SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE adhesives; repair; epoxy resins AB In order to maintain a constant state of readiness, Navy and Marine aircraft structures must be repairable at land bases, aircraft carriers, and remote field locations. Since the first composite structure on navy aircraft was introduced in the early 1970's, the navy has been involved in many programs to develop composite repair methods. However, many repair materials, procedures, and support equipment were developed for each specific airframe and not standardized. Subsequently there is a cost burden for training fleet personnel to repair specific navy aircraft. The recent development of new repair materials and procedures has shown the potential for repairing highly loaded structures in the fleet and are adaptable to a variety of structures. Emerging navy aircraft embody larger percentages of composite structural weight along with new materials and more stringent performance requirements. The Naval Aviation System Team (NAST) is evaluating the incorporation of new repair technologies to meet today's maintenance needs as well as those of future platforms. The NAST team members consist of Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Divisions (NAWCAD), and Naval Aviation Depots (NADEP). The status of the following repair programs will be presented: development of ambient storable repair materials, Navy stock system improvements for repair materials, support equipment for composite repair, bonded repair of metallic structures, high temperature repair materials, and rapid composite repair procedures. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Mehrkam, PA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 879 EP 889 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200088 ER PT S AU Cammett, JT AF Cammett, JT BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Analysis of H-46 helicopter rotor head component fatigue cracking SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE corrosion; failure analysis; fatigue AB From a materials engineering perspective, this paper is a summary of failure analyses performed on major rotor head components of the H-46 helicopter within the past several years. Failure modes, locations and causes are presented and discussed on a component by component basis. Fatigue was the dominant mode of crack propagation; however initiation of many failures was abetted by corrosion. Mitigation of failures via field inspections, repair process changes and a recent material substitution change from alloy steel to a precipitation hardening stainless steel is briefly addressed. C1 USN, Aviat Dept, Cherry Point, NC 28533 USA. RP Cammett, JT (reprint author), USN, Aviat Dept, Cherry Point, NC 28533 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 904 EP 914 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200090 ER PT S AU Sorathia, U Dapp, T AF Sorathia, U Dapp, T BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Structural performance of glass/vinyl ester composites at elevated temperatures SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE structural performance; glass/vinyl ester; elevated temperatures AB Organic polymer matrix based fiber reinforced composite materials undergo viscoelastic transitions followed by reversible and irreversible thermal damage when exposed to elevated temperatures due to shipboard fires. To determine the limits of composite structural performance at elevated temperatures, Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) uas performed. In the first step, glass reinforced vinyl ester composite panels were isothermally aged and tested in DMTA for storage (E') and loss (E ") moduli for a period of 8 hours at 77, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, and 600 degrees F (25, 66, 93, 121, 149, 204, 260, 316 C) respectively. Data show that E' decreases at subsequently increasing temperatures until 200 degrees F. A significant drop in E' takes place between 200 and 250 degrees F followed by a catastrophic drop between 250 and 300 degrees F. Thus 200 degrees F represents the upper threshold of operating temperature for unprotected glass reinforced vinyl ester load bearing composite structures. In the second step, all samples, previously isothermally aged at various temperatures, were cooled to room temperature and retested. Data show that samples previously isothermally aged up to 150 degrees F for a period of 8 bouts, and subsequently cooled to room temperature, do not exhibit thermal damage and recover all of its original structural performance. Beyond 150 degrees F and up to 400 degrees F, the glass/ vinyl ester samples begin to exhibit thermal damage. However, load bearing structures exposed to these temperatures up to 400 degrees F still retain up to 70% of original flexural properties. Beyond 400 degrees F, the glass vinyl ester samples suffer significant thermal damage and begin to lose load bearing viability as a composite structure. This can be further observed in dynamic scans for loss factor (tan delta) obtained from DMTA testing of previously isothermally aged samples. At temperatures of isothermal aging beyond 400 degrees F, vinyl ester resin exhibits chemical breakdown as evidenced by the loss of matrix resin viscoelasticity. These scans show that vinyl ester resin is no longer capable of transferring the load to the fiber. As such, load bearing structures exposed to isothermal aging for a period of 8 hours at temperatures above 400 degrees F may necessitate significant damage repair or even replacement of composite load bearing structure. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1020 EP 1031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200102 ER PT S AU Sastri, SB Armistead, JP Keller, TM Sorathia, U AF Sastri, SB Armistead, JP Keller, TM Sorathia, U BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Flammability characteristics of phthalonitrile composites SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE phthalonitrile polymer; thermoset; composites; flammability characteristics ID CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES AB Phthalonitrile polymers are useful as high temperature thermosets for advanced composite applications. The superb thermal stability of these polymers is illustrated by the fact that a fully cured thermoset does not exhibit a glass transition (T-G) up to 450 degrees C. In addition, the phthalonitrile resins yield 65-70% char upon pyrolysis to 1000 degrees C. These attributes also confer excellent flammability characteristics to phthalonitrile composites. For instance, the time to ignition (T-IG) and peak heat release rate (PHR) values at 100 kW/m(2) heat flux for phthalonitrile/glass fabric composite are 59 sec. and 106 kW/m(2), respectively. The T-IG and PHR requirements of MIL-STD-2031 for using lightweight polymeric composites for submarine applications are 60 seconds and 150 kW/m(2), respectively. The optical density as well as the relative concentrations of toxic gases such as CO and HCN are also significantly lower when compared to other high performance composites. These results suggest that phthalonitrile based composites may be useful aboard Navy vessels as heat resistant materials and heat barriers for other marine composite materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sastri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1032 EP 1038 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200103 ER PT J AU Yu, KH Schadow, KC AF Yu, KH Schadow, KC TI Role of large coherent structures in turbulent compressible mixing SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows CY AUG 14-16, 1995 CL PEN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA HO PEN STATE UNIV DE large coherent structures; turbulent compressible mixing; supersonic afterburning jet ID SHEAR-LAYER; FLOWS AB Turbulent compressible shear layers of round supersonic jets were excited by placing an open cavity near the nozzle exit, which produced pressure oscillations due to flow-induced cavity resonance. As a result of the excitation, large coherent structures were created in the highly compressible shear layers, making it possible to study the effect of such structures on turbulent compressible mixing. For this study, pressure-matched Mach 2 jets were used under both nonreacting and afterburning conditions. By varying the cavity dimensions, we could apply excitation over a wide range of frequencies and manipulate the coherent structure dynamics in the near field of the jets. Mie-scattering flow visualization images revealed that large coherent structures were generated when high-amplitude excitation occurred at frequencies close to the jet preferred mode, which was near the Strouhal number of about one-half. Growth rate of nonreacting shear layers was quantified as a function of excitation frequency; and, for afterburning jets, the change in global flame luminosity due to excitation was measured. It was observed that the growth rate was drastically increased in the near field when the coherent structures were organized. The afterburning characteristics were also modified by coherent structures and their dynamics. Under these conditions, afterburning intensity increased when the excitation frequency was higher than the preferred mode frequency and decreased at lower frequencies. The results suggest that the initial size of the coherent structures not only determined the rate of large-scale entrainment, but also modified molecular-level mixing by affecting the timing of large-structure breakdown. Published by Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. RP Yu, KH (reprint author), USN,CTR AIR WARFARE,RES & TECHNOL DIV,CODE 4B3200D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0894-1777(96)00103-3 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA WD850 UT WOS:A1997WD85000011 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA Link, RE AF Joyce, JA Link, RE BE Underwood, JH Macdonald, BD Mitchell, MR TI Ductile-to-brittle transition characterization using surface crack specimens loaded in combined tension and bending SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 28TH VOL SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY SP ASTM Comm E 08 Fatigue & Fracture, USA Res Off DE surface crack; fracture toughness; constraint; A515 steel; J-integral; master curve AB Surface cracked tension specimens of ASTM A515, Grade B steel plate were tested to failure in the ductile-to-brittle transition region. Two different specimen configurations were used: one configuration was loaded in tension except for the natural bending resulting from the presence of the surface crack, the second configuration had an offset test section and was pin-loaded to provide a strong bending component in addition to the tension load. For each configuration, at least seven repeat tests were conducted at each of two temperatures. All specimens failed by cleavage and the critical J-integral, J(c), was obtained using three-dimensional finite element analysis of the specimen. The FEM analysis was validated by comparison with experimental strain gage and displacement measurements taken during the tests. The results were compared with previous fracture toughness measurements on the same plate using 2T SE(B) specimens and surface cracked bend SC(B) specimens. The present results exhibited the expected elevation in fracture toughness and downward shift in the transition temperature compared to the highly constrained, deeply cracked SE(B) specimens. The master curve approach was used to characterize the transition curves for each specimen geometry and the shift in the transition temperature was characterized by the associated reference temperature. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2410-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1321 BP 243 EP 262 DI 10.1520/STP12311S PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BJ51Y UT WOS:A1997BJ51Y00012 ER PT J AU Boyer, LL Stokes, HT Mehl, MJ AF Boyer, LL Stokes, HT Mehl, MJ TI Application of a Kohn-Sham-like formulation of the self-consistent atomic deformation model SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Williamsburg Workshop on 1st-Principles Calculations for Ferroelectrics CY FEB 04-07, 1996 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA DE density functional theory; polarization; electronic structure; electron gas; ab initio calculation; ferroelectricity ID KNBO3; FERROELECTRICS; POLARIZATION AB The self-consistent atomic deformation model is applied to compounds selected to illustrate two important features of the model: 1) The formulation of the potential from a Kohn-Sham like variational treatment of the total energy produces atomic energy levels which obey Janak's theorem. This feature is illustrated by results for LaSrCuO4 with the ions constrained to be spherical. 2) The importance of non-spherical distortions of oxygen ions in ferroelectric oxides is demonstrated with results for BaTiO3 and KNbO3. Born effective charges are computed and compared with previous calculations for these compounds and the alkaline earth oxides. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, PROVO, UT 84602 USA. RP USN, RES LAB, COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1997 VL 194 IS 1-4 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1080/00150199708016091 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XX633 UT WOS:A1997XX63300015 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, DJ TI Density functional studies of PbZrO3, KTaO3 and KNbO3 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Williamsburg Workshop on 1st-Principles Calculations for Ferroelectrics CY FEB 04-07, 1996 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA DE KTN; PZT; LDA; GGA; weighted density approximation; electronic structure ID INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; AUGMENTED-PLANE-WAVE; LEAD-ZIRCONATE; ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; NONLOCAL EXCHANGE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; METAL-CLUSTERS; GROUND-STATE AB Density functional calculations are used to investigate the non-ferroelectric end-points of the KTN and PZT alloy systems and to address the errors in the local approximation for KNbO3. In PbZrO3, substantial hybridization is Found between O 2p and Zr 4d states and between O 2p and Pb s and p states. A strong Gamma point phonon instability is present for the cubic perovskite structure. Relaxation, allowing only zone center distortions, yields a large energy lowering of 0.253 eV and bond length changes in excess of 0.5 Angstrom. Two related R point instabilities are found; both are weaker. Calculations for 40 atom unit cells with orthorhombic Pba2 and Pbam space groups and previously reported experimental positions, yield energies close to but still above the relaxed Gamma structure. However, after relaxation of the oxygen coordinates, the antiferroelectric structure is favored by 0.02 eV per formula unit, in accord with the PZT phase diagram. KTaO3 is found to be stable in the cubic perovskite structure. Phonon frequencies and bulk properties in good agreement with existing measurements are obtained. A highly anharmonic low frequency mode corresponding to the observed incipient ferroelectric behavior is identified. The absence of ferroelectricity in KTaO3 is due to the extreme sensitivity of the soft mode to covalency and the slight chemical differences between Nb and Ta, particularly the higher d binding energy in Nb. Weighted density approximation calculations of bulk properties of perovskite KNbO3 showing an equilibrium volume in substantially better agreement with experiment than with the standard local density approximation are reported. RP USN, RES LAB, COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 63 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1997 VL 194 IS 1-4 BP 299 EP 322 DI 10.1080/00150199708016101 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XX633 UT WOS:A1997XX63300025 ER PT J AU Carlson, WB Ting, RY Heckle, DC AF Carlson, WB Ting, RY Heckle, DC TI Prototypes of composite aluminum/PZT shear transducers SO FERROELECTRICS LETTERS SECTION LA English DT Article AB A composite aluminum/PZT shear transducer has been. tested as a sensor during prototype development, The mechanically amplified flexi-distortional system may improve the dhgh figure of merit by transferring the compressional stress on the device to a lateral shear on the electroceramic element. This type of amplified system is mechanically classified as distortional and, therefore, without volume change, By transforming the hydrostatic stress to transverse strain, as in the flexi-extensional devices, transverse forces can be used to develop shear strain and activate the d15 coefficient. Flexi-distortional devices are tested in order to check for their low frequency sensitivity. Initial Berlincourt tests indicate performance of up to 1200 pC/N for the driver configuration. C1 USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,UNDERWATER SOUND REFERENCE DEPT,ORLANDO,FL. RP Carlson, WB (reprint author), ALFRED UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL CERAM,ALFRED,NY 14802, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0731-5171 J9 FERROELECTRICS LETT JI Ferroelectr. Lett. Sect. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1080/07315179708204774 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XB811 UT WOS:A1997XB81100007 ER PT B AU Knowles, DS Lieberman, SH Davey, M Stokley, KE AF Knowles, DS Lieberman, SH Davey, M Stokley, KE GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI In-situ monitoring of LNAPL degradation using the SCAPS optical cone penetrometer system SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB To provide high resolution, real-time, in-situ measurements of petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation, we have been exploring techniques for use with the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) site screening system. The SCAPS system uses a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) probe coupled with a cone penetrometer truck to make in-situ, subsurface measurements of petroleum, oils and lubricants (POLs). SCAPS monitoring of bioremediation is a new application, and is based on the premise that the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within the POL changes over time as organisms preferentially degrade the lighter PAHs, resulting in a shift of the fluorescence emission spectrum to longer wavelengths. Fluorescence measurements using petroleum that has been degraded in a controlled biodegradation experiment confirm the systematic shifts in the emission spectra towards longer wavelengths with increasing degradation. A similar trend has been observed in field measurements at a known POL site. Data from SCAPS field operations show similar spectral shifts at the edge of the plume, and soil samples confirm that PAH degradation is preferentially occurring at these locations. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, Res Dev Testing & Evaluat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Knowles, DS (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, Res Dev Testing & Evaluat Div, D361,53475 Strothe Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 147 EP 158 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900014 ER PT B AU Putnam, MD Umnuss, P AF Putnam, MD Umnuss, P GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Automated field portable trace metal analysis SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB Metal contamination arises from many sources and does not biodegrade in the environment. Prevention of soil and sediment contamination can only be accomplished by effective real or near-realtime monitoring of effluents, process streams, and runoff. Field measurement of metals is difficult due to the size and complexity of standard analytical instrumentation Current laboratory methods usually employ either graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Although these instruments are capable of measuring metals at nanomolar concentrations, they are not well suited for continuous automated field monitoring of effluent and process streams. They are expensive, sensitive to matrix affects, and require experienced operators as well as significant infrastructure support for field use. A prototype automated trace metals analyzer has been developed based on the electrochemical technique of potentiometric stripping analysis. This technique was pioneered by D. Jagner in the early 1970's. Recent advances in electronics now enable this technique to perform a completely automated multiple-metal analysis, with greater than 1 mu g/L sensitivity, in one to three minutes. The instrument, weighing less than twenty kilograms, provides a capability to perform on-site-discrete analyses or continuous-automatic monitoring at programmed intervals over extended periods of up to ten days without operator intervention. This paper examines the performance of the analyzer when measuring lead in drinking water. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, Res Dev Test & Evaluat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Putnam, MD (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, Res Dev Test & Evaluat Div, Code D361,53475 Strothe Rd,Rm 258, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 206 EP 212 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900019 ER PT B AU Lieberman, SH Knowles, DS Kertesz, J Stang, PM Mendez, D AF Lieberman, SH Knowles, DS Kertesz, J Stang, PM Mendez, D GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Cone penetrometer deployed in situ video microscope for characterizing sub-surface soil properties SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB In this paper we report on the development and field testing of an in situ video microscope that has been integrated with a cone penetrometer probe in order to provide a real-time method for characterizing subsurface soil properties. The video microscope system consists of a miniature CCD color camera system coupled with an appropriate magnification and focusing optics to provide a field of view with a coverage of approximately 2x3 mm. The camera/optic system is mounted in a cone penetrometer probe so that the camera views the soil that is in contact with a sapphire window mounted on the side of the probe. The soil outside the window is illuminated by diffuse light provided through the window by an optical fiber illumination system connected to a white light source at the surface. The video signal from the camera is returned to the surface where it can be displayed in real-time on a video monitor, recorded on a video cassette recorder (VCR), and/or captured digitally with a frame grabber installed in a microcomputer system. In its highest resolution configuration, the bl situ camera system has demonstrated a capability to resolve particle sizes as small as 10 mu m By using other lens systems to increase the magnification factor, smaller particles could be resolved, however, the field of view would be reduced. Initial field tests have demonstrated the ability of the camera system to provide real-time qualitative characterization of soil particle sizes. In situ video images also reveal information on porosity of the soil matrix and the presence of water in the saturated zone. Current efforts are focused on the development of automated imaging processing techniques as a means of extracting quantitative information on soil particle size distributions. Data will be presented that compares data derived from digital images with conventional sieve/hydrometer analyses. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div NRaD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lieberman, SH (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div NRaD, Code D361,53475 Strothe Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 579 EP 587 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900058 ER PT B AU Mosier-Boss, PA Newbery, R Lieberman, SH AF Mosier-Boss, PA Newbery, R Lieberman, SH GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Development of a cone penetrometer deployed solvent sensor using a SERS fiber optic probe SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB The results of development and testing of a fiber optic, cone penetrometer probe using conventional Raman spectroscopy to detect subsurface solvent contamination are discussed. Background fluorescence, soil matrix effects, and the inherent insensitivity of the Raman technique made detection of solvent contamination difficult. To overcome these problems, we have begun investigating the use of coated substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT & E Div, NRaD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mosier-Boss, PA (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT & E Div, NRaD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 588 EP 599 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900059 ER PT B AU Elam, WT Adams, J Hudson, KR McDonald, B Eng, D Robitaille, G Aggarwall, I AF Elam, WT Adams, J Hudson, KR McDonald, B Eng, D Robitaille, G Aggarwall, I GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Field demonstration of the SCAPS XRF metals sensor SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB The SCAPS XRF Metals Sensor adds metals detection capability to the DOD Sire Characterization Penetrometer System(SCAPS). It works using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to detect all metals above calcium in the subsurface soil. The sensor head contains a miniature x-ray tube and cooled solid-state detector to achieve performance comparable to laboratory units in a down-hole sensor. The sensor may be pushed to depths as far as 150 feet by the cone penetrometer system and is designed to detect metals at concentrations below 100 ppm in all soil types regardless of moisture level. The system has been tested on the bench and demonstrated at a site. Following a brief overview of the sensor design and operation, the results of the bench testing, including evaluation of detection limits for a list of common contaminant metals, will be presented. Some operational test results are included, both on technical performance of the sensor and its robustness and effectiveness as a field tool. Finally, a list of potential improvements is given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Elam, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 681 EP 689 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900068 ER PT B AU Theriault, GA Bodensteiner, S Lieberman, SH AF Theriault, GA Bodensteiner, S Lieberman, SH GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI A cone penetrometer probe for the in-situ detection of metals in soils SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB Issues affecting the detection limits of the SCAPS fiber optic Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) cone penetrometer probe are discussed. Key variables examined are the matrix effects of grain size and water content. The topic of probe design and issues concerning sample presentation are also addressed. It was observed that a design in which measurements are made through a sapphire window in the probe can produce detection limits which are at or below the EPA's Site Screening Levels (SSLs) for Pb, Cd and Cr in sand. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Theriault, GA (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Code D361, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 690 EP 701 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900069 ER PT B AU Lieberman, SH Mosier-Boss, PA Norita, CA AF Lieberman, SH Mosier-Boss, PA Norita, CA BE Gottlieb, J Hotzl, H Huck, K Niessner, R TI Cone penetrometer deployed in situ video imaging system for characterizing sub-surface soil properties and contaminants SO FIELD SCREENING EUROPE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Field Screening Europe - Strategies and Techniques for On-Site Investigation and Monitoring of Contaminated Soil, Water and Air CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 1997 CL KARLSRUHE, GERMANY SP Univ Karlsruhe, Environm Res Ctr, German Fed Min Educ Sci Res & Technol, Delft Geotechn, DECHEMA eV, Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig Halle GmbH AB A video imaging system is described that has been integrated into a cone penetrometer probe for characterizing subsurface soil properties. The camera system includes a fiber optic illumination system and appropriate magnification optics for imaging soil in contact with a sapphire window as the probe is pushed into the ground. With the current optics, soil particles as small as 10 microns can be resolved in the images. The feasibility for using the video imaging system for direct detection of selected contaminants is also discussed. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lieberman, SH (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Code D361, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4782-X PY 1997 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BK73U UT WOS:000073286600030 ER PT S AU Fischer, J Satyapal, S Luhman, ML Melnick, G Cox, P Cernicharo, J Stacey, GJ Smith, HA Lord, SD Greenhouse, MA AF Fischer, J Satyapal, S Luhman, ML Melnick, G Cox, P Cernicharo, J Stacey, GJ Smith, HA Lord, SD Greenhouse, MA GP ESA TI Implications of the ISO LWS spectrum of the prototypical ultraluminous galaxy: Arp 220 SO FIRST ISO WORKSHOP ON ANALYTICAL SPECTROSCOPY: WITH SWS, LWS, PHT-S, AND CAM-CVF SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ISO Workshop on Analytical Spectroscopy CY OCT 06-08, 1997 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP European Space Agcy DE active galaxies; infrared spectroscopy AB We present a low resolution (R = lambda / Delta lambda similar to 200) far infrared (43-197 mu m) spectrum of the ultraluminous galaxy Arp 220, obtained from deep full-range scans using the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) aboard the Infrared Space Observatory(ISO). The spectrum is vastly different from the spectra of less luminous IR bright galaxies: the fine-structure lines that are typical of IR bright galaxies are weak or absent and the spectrum is dominated by absorption lines of OH, H2O, CH, NH3 and [O I]. From the 43-197 mu m continuum fit we derive that the optical depth of the thermal dust emission, tau(dust), is about unity at 150 mu m. From our continuum fit we derive a Lyman continuum production rate of Q = 9 x 10(54) sec(-1) and our simple spherical radiative transfer solution indicates a cool central source. The upper limits on the FIR fine-structure lines indicate a softer radiation field in Arp 220 than in starburst galaxies such as M82 or in AGN. The low L[(CII] 158) / L-FIR ratio in Arp 220 cannot be easily explained by dust obscuration or saturation effects. These results may be explained by a starburst model with a low upper mass cutoff or by unusually high dust absorption of UV photons within the ionized regions of a starburst or AGN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-676-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 419 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK66F UT WOS:000072989100022 ER PT S AU Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Fischer, J Wolfire, MG AF Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Fischer, J Wolfire, MG GP ESA TI PDR modeling of the LWS fine-structure lines in ultraluminous galaxies SO FIRST ISO WORKSHOP ON ANALYTICAL SPECTROSCOPY: WITH SWS, LWS, PHT-S, AND CAM-CVF SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ISO Workshop on Analytical Spectroscopy CY OCT 06-08, 1997 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP European Space Agcy DE galaxies, ISM, starburst, active; infrared, galaxies; infrared, ISM, lines and bands AB We compare Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) observations of the [CII] 158 mu m and, where observed, the [OI] 63, 146 mu m fine structure lines in a sample of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs) to the results of revised theoretical models of extragalactic photodissociation regions (PDRs). The PDR models are up-to-date versions of those of Wolfire, Tielens, & Hollenbach (1990) and include the photoelectric heating effects of small grains/PAHs. We address the PDR origin of the fine-structure lines and the physical properties of the PDR component. In our sample of ULIGs, [CII]/FIR is similar to 10% of that found in normal and starburst galaxies. We use the PDR models, along with the results of photoionization models, to address possible origins for the [CII] deficit. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-676-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 419 BP 283 EP 284 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK66F UT WOS:000072989100052 ER PT S AU Huang, L OFerrall, C Shashidhar, R Fritz, W Hewitt, R Smith, S Doane, JW AF Huang, L OFerrall, C Shashidhar, R Fritz, W Hewitt, R Smith, S Doane, JW BE Fulks, RT Parsons, GN Slobodin, DE Yuzuriha, TH TI Conducting polymer films for plastic liquid crystal displays SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY MATERIALS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat Panel Display Materials and Large-Area Processes, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 03, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Komatsu Technol, Corning Inc, Dow Chem Co, dpiX, Eastman Kodak Co, Sharp Microelectr Technol Inc, Xerox Corp AB In a conventional liquid crystal display (LCD), glass substrates coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer are typically used for the application of an electric field to the liquid crystal material. For many applications, there is a need for a LCD with a plastic substrate. While ITO works well with glass, it does not adhere as well to plastic. It is brittle, and has a tendency to crack under constant bend conditions. Polypyrrole is well known for its good conductivity and chemical stability. Moreover, as an organic polymeric material, polypyrrole film can also flex and bend with the plastic substrate. Therefore, it is a good candidate for plastic LCDs. We present here the results on the development of polypyrrole films deposited on plastic substrates which are suitable for reflective LCDs. Two of the most important properties needed for LCD applications are surface resistance and optical transmission. We have prepared polypyrrole films by in-situ solution deposition on a plastic substrate. We have also patterned the conducting polymer films to a resolution of 80 LPI using conventional photolithography techniques. Finally, the operation of a 2 x 2 fully multiplexed cholesteric LCD (consisting of 25,600 pixels) fabricated from conducting polymer based plastic substrates is described. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6950,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-375-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 471 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ69K UT WOS:A1997BJ69K00006 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Banerjee, A Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Banerjee, A Balaram, P TI Design of two-helix motifs in peptides: crystal structure of a system of linked helices of opposite chirality and a model helix-linker peptide SO FOLDING & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE aib peptides; epsilon-aminocaproic acid peptides; left and right handed peptide helices; linker displaced helices; supramolecular assembly ID SYNTHETIC PROTEIN MIMICS; ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACID; BUNDLE PROTEIN; MODULAR DESIGN; AMINO-ACIDS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; TOPOLOGY; SEQUENCE AB Background: An attempt is being made to produce two-helix bundles that are soluble in apolar media, without the use of a rigid template. The approach relies on the use of stereochemically constrained amino acids for helix construction, while a flexible linker is obtained by the use of an is an element of-aminocaproic acid residue (Acp). The Acp linker has appropriate NH and COOH termini to connect to the N and C termini of the helices, a flexible (CH2)(5) moiety and sufficient length to make the desired assembly. Results: The conformations in crystals (determined by X-ray diffraction analyses) are described for a partial assembly consisting of a 7-residue helix with Acp (helix-Acp) and for two assemblies of 7-residue helices with Acp (helix-Acp-helix) in which the chiralities of the helices are L,L (already published) and L,D (this publication). The Acp linker is extended away from the helix in the L,L analog in a zig-zag manner, but assumes a helical conformation in the L,D analog. The two helices in the L,L and L,D analogs are displaced laterally by the linker, but in neither case has the linker folded the molecule into the desired U-conformation. Cell parameters for Boc-L-Val-L-Ala-L-Leu-Aib-L-Val-L-Ala-L-Leu-Acp-D-Val-D-Ala-D-Leu-Aib-D-Val-D-Ala-D-Leu-OMe are space group P4(1) with a = b = 10.094(6) Angstrom and c = 93.383(1 2) Angstrom. Conclusions: Strong hydrogen bonds (NH ... O=C) between the displaced helices of one molecule and the displaced helices of a neighboring molecule, which form near the linker of each helix-linker-helix assembly, appear to dominate in both the L,L and L,D crystal. The (CH2)(5) segment of the linker readily adopts different conformations that result in the L and D helices packing in a similar spatial motif. Greater conformational control at the linking segment or introduction of specific interhelix interactions may be necessary in order to achieve U-type folding between neighboring helices in a single molecule. C1 INDIAN INST SCI,MOL BIOPHYS UNIT,BANGALORE 560012,KARNATAKA,INDIA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 1359-0278 J9 FOLD DES JI Fold. Des. PY 1997 VL 2 IS 4 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S1359-0278(97)00029-1 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA XR103 UT WOS:A1997XR10300002 PM 9269561 ER PT S AU Bergen, DE Hahn, JK Bock, P AF Bergen, DE Hahn, JK Bock, P BE Husbands, P Harvey, I TI An adaptive approach for reactive actor design SO FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE SE FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL97) CY JUL 28-31, 1997 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP BT, Cyberlife Technol, Brighton & Hove Council, Times Higher Educ Supplement DE behavioral modeling; collective behavior; virtual actors; learning automaton AB To address the complex and dynamic conditions of a virtual environment, computer animation researchers are applying methods similar to the ones used in artificial life to create reactive actors. A reactive actor is a control entity whose behavior is based on the sensory information it receives from the environment. The system presented within this paper, RAVE (Reactive Actors in Virtual Environments), demonstrates the successful use of a reinforcement learning model to automatically generate controllers for typical 2D navigational casks. This is an improvement to existing methods because it requires no programming, can be used for a variety of tasks, and the control algorithms adapt during run-time. Collective Learning Systems (CLS) theory is integrated with a hierarchical controller to create control modules that quickly converge on optimal navigational strategies. Five different worlds are created to train and evaluate tile actors, Performance metrics and results are presented for three different navigational tasks: obstacle avoidance (avoid, heading towards a goal object (goto), and moving away from a threat (retreat). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bergen, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5707, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1089-4365 BN 0-262-58157-4 J9 FROM ANIM ANIMAT PY 1997 BP 574 EP 593 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK05M UT WOS:000071005100063 ER PT B AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Software metrics model for quality control SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SOFTWARE METRICS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE-CS International Software Metrics Symposium (METRICS 97) CY NOV 05-07, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Software Engn, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Quantitat Methods, Ctr Rech Informat Montreal DE validating and applying metrics; quality control; Boolean discriminant functions; marginal analysis AB A model is developed that is used to validate and apply metrics for quality control, using the Space Shuttle flight software as an example. We validate metrics with respect to a quality factor in accordance with the metrics validation methodology Ice previously developed. Boolean discriminant functions (BDFs) are developed for use in the quality control process. These functions make fewer mistakes in classifying software that is low quality than is the case when linear vectors of metrics are used because the BDFs include additional information for discriminating quality: critical values. Critical values are threshold values of metrics that are used to either accept or reject modules when the modules are inspected during the quality control process. A series of nonparametric statistical methods is used to: 1) identify a set of candidate metrics for further analysis, 2) identify the critical values of the metrics, and 3) find the optimal function of metrics and critical values. A marginal analysis should be performed when making a decision about how many metrics to use in a quality control process. If many metrics are added at once, the contribution of individual metrics is obscured. Also, the marginal analysis provides an effective stopping rule for deciding when to stop adding metrics. Certain metrics are dominant in their effects on classifying quality and additional metrics are not needed to accurately classify, quality. This effect is called dominance. Related to the property of dominance is the property of concordance, which is the degree to which a set of metrics produces the same result in classifying software quality. A high value of concordance implies that additional metrics will not make a significant contribution to accurately classifying quality; hence, these metrics are redundant. RP Schneidewind, NF (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,CODE SM-SS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8094-6 PY 1997 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1109/METRIC.1997.637173 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ91U UT WOS:A1997BJ91U00014 ER PT B AU Fliflet, AW Manheimer, WM Sprangle, P AF Fliflet, AW Manheimer, WM Sprangle, P BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Compact infrared free-electron lasers based on gyrotron-powered electromagnetic wigglers SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE compact free-electron laser; infrared; quasioptical gyrotron; electromagnetic wiggler AB Free-electron lasers (FEL's) capable of operating in vibrational infrared (IR) (3-30 mu m) regime have been developed at a small number of fixed sites around the world. However, there is a need for portable systems capable of operating in the 3-5 and 8-13 mu m atmospheric windows for remote sensing applications. Wider use of FEL's is inhibited by system size, cost, and the shielding requirements associated with the production of high current 15-45 MeV electron beams which are currently needed to lase in the infrared. The concept of an electromagnetic wiggler, in which the magnetostatic wiggler system of fixed transverse magnets is replaced by an intense counter-streaming microwave or optical radiation beam, has been of interest from the early work on FELs as a means of reducing the required electron beam energy. Although there has been little experimental progress to date due to the lack of high power wiggler radiation sources, the recent development of high power millimeter-wave gyrotrons has led to a re-evaluation of the feasibility of electromagnetic wigglers. We have published earlier studies of the possibility of IR FELs using low energy beams (3-5 MeV) using a gyrotron-powered millimeter-wave wiggler. Both waveguide cavity and open-mirror resonator (quasioptical) gyrotron (QOG) powered wigglers were considered. In this talk we present a new wiggler design, in which the millimeter-wave power generated by the QOG is coupled into a corrugated waveguide and compressed. This has the possibility of substantially increasing the single-pass FEL gain other previously published design concepts. Designs for Proof-of-Principle low voltage infrared FEL experiments based on both radio-frequency (RF) linear accelerator and electrostatic accelerator technology are presented together with point designs for portable systems covering the infrared windows in the atmosphere. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1117/12.274384 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00024 ER PT B AU Cook, JR Albertine, JR AF Cook, JR Albertine, JR BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI The Navy's High Energy Laser Weapon System SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE High Energy Laser Weapon System (HELWS); atmospheric propagation; thermal blooming; Free Electron Laser (FEL); MIRACL; weapon performance; ship self-defense; littoral warfare; less than lethal warfare AB Over the past 25 years, in an attempt to develop a speed-of-light hard-kill weapon system, the US Navy has successfully reduced megawatt-class chemical laser and high power beam control technologies to engineering practice. This Navy program was established during the cold war era when defending naval battle group was the primary concern of the US Navy. Since the collapse of Soviet Union, however, an urgent and challenging issue facing the US Navy is the self-defense against cruise missile in a littoral battlefield environment against threats originating from shore and/or scattered low-value platforms. This fundamental shift in the battlefield environment and engagement configuration profoundly affected the basic performance requirements placed on potential shipboard high energy laser weapon systems (HELWS). In a littoral maritime environment, thermal blooming limits atmospheric propagation of an HEL beam, and thus limits the weapon's effectiveness. This payer identifies and discusses the technical issues associated with HELWS requirements in this new environment. It also discusses the collateral capabilities that enhance and complement the performance of other weapon and sensor systems onboard ship. This paper concludes that the HELWS using a free electron laser (FEL) offers an unique weapon option for our warships in facing the new defense challenges of the future. RP Cook, JR (reprint author), USN,SPACE & NAVAL WARFARE SYST COMMAND,2451 CRYSTAL DR,CRYSTAL PK 5,SUITE 700,ARLINGTON,VA 22245, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 264 EP 271 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00030 ER PT S AU StGeorge, BA Wooten, EC Sellami, L AF StGeorge, BA Wooten, EC Sellami, L GP EP INNOVATIONS TI Speech coding and phoneme classification using MATLAB and NeuralWorks SO FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION 1997 - 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, BOLS I - III SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Education - Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change (FIE 97) CY NOV 05-08, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Soc Engn Educ, Educ Res & Methods Div, Univ Pittsburgh AB Applications involving speech coding and phonetic classification are introduced as educational tools for reinforcing signal processing concepts learned in senior level communication classes at the U.S. Naval Academy. These applications utilize the software packages MATLAB* and NeuralWorks, and are used here to explore the concepts of impulse sampling, Fourier transforms, data windowing, and homomorphic filtering. RP StGeorge, BA (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4087-6 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1997 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJ93M UT WOS:A1997BJ93M00006 ER PT S AU Dahn, CC AF Dahn, CC BE Bedding, TR Booth, AJ Davis, J TI Review of CCD parallax measurements SO FUNDAMENTAL STELLAR PROPERTIES: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN OBSERVATION AND THEORY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 189th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Fundamental Stellar Properties - The Interaction Between Observation and Theory CY JAN 13-17, 1997 CL UNIV SYDNEY, WOMENS COLLEGE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union HO UNIV SYDNEY, WOMENS COLLEGE ID PROGRAM; STARS AB Several groups, using l-m to 2-m telescopes on 'visitor' arrangements, have employed CCDs to measure stellar trigonometric parallaxes with precisions in the range +/-2-5 mas. More intensive observing efforts now routinely achieve sub-mas results with the best obtained to date in the +/-0.3-0.5 mas range. Selective dimming of bright target stars using neutral density spots now permit CCD parallax measures of stars as bright as R similar to 4. RP Dahn, CC (reprint author), USN OBSERV, FLAGSTAFF, AZ USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4651-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1997 IS 189 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ51R UT WOS:A1997BJ51R00003 ER PT S AU Johnston, KJ Hutter, DJ Benson, JA Elias, NM Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA Hummel, CA AF Johnston, KJ Hutter, DJ Benson, JA Elias, NM Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA Hummel, CA BE Bedding, TR Booth, AJ Davis, J TI Astrometry using interferometry at optical wavelengths SO FUNDAMENTAL STELLAR PROPERTIES: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN OBSERVATION AND THEORY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 189th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Fundamental Stellar Properties - The Interaction Between Observation and Theory CY JAN 13-17, 1997 CL UNIV SYDNEY, WOMENS COLLEGE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union HO UNIV SYDNEY, WOMENS COLLEGE ID RADIO REFERENCE FRAME; STELLAR INTERFEROMETER AB Interferometry offers an improvement in the accuracy with which astrometric measurements can be made. Using this technique, radio astronomers together with geodeticists have established a global inertial reference frame that is accurate to 0.1 milliarcseconds. At optical wavelengths, interferometry was first developed by Michelson at the turn of the twentieth century, but due to the complexities of precise beam combination at high speeds, it has lagged in its development. Now, with the availability of lasers, detectors and computers that allow path length compensation on millisecond time scales and distance determination between light collectors with a precision of 0.01 mu m, interferometry at optical wavelengths will achieve the results in astrometry comparable to those at radio wavelengths. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4651-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1997 IS 189 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ51R UT WOS:A1997BJ51R00006 ER PT S AU Bodner, SE Colombant, DG Dahlburg, JP Lehmberg, RH McLean, EA Obenschain, SP Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Serlin, V Sethian, JD Stamper, JA Brown, CM Seely, JF Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Deniz, A Lehecka, T Metzler, N Klapisch, M AF Bodner, SE Colombant, DG Dahlburg, JP Lehmberg, RH McLean, EA Obenschain, SP Pawley, CJ Schmitt, AJ Serlin, V Sethian, JD Stamper, JA Brown, CM Seely, JF Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Deniz, A Lehecka, T Metzler, N Klapisch, M GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Direct drive experiments using the Nike laser SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The Nike laser has been operating routinely for laser-target experiments since mid-1995 and has routinely operated at its designed energy level. The laser has 56 beams, with a total energy at the target of similar to 3 kJ. Each of the beams has a root mean squares non-uniformity of similar to 1-1.5% in a 4 ns pulse. With 40 of the beams overlapped, the net laser non-uniformity is estimated to be similar to 0.2%. Measurement of the Rayleigh-Taylor growth of a sinusoidally modulated foil target is in excellent agreement with computer simulations, but the smooth foil targets have less mass modulation than predicted; this modulation is below the diagnostic resolution and sensitivity. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bodner, SE (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600023 ER PT B AU Owen, G AF Owen, G BE Parthasarathy, T Dutta, B Potters, JAM Raghavan, TES Ray, D Sen, A TI Parimutual as a system of aggregation of information SO GAME THEORETICAL APPLICATIONS TO ECONOMICS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH SE THEORY AND DECISION LIBRARY, SERIES C : GAME THEORY, MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING AND MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Game Theory and Economic Applications CY JAN 02-06, 1996 CL INDIAN INST SCI, BANGALORE, INDIA SP Indian Inst Sci, Indian Stat Inst, Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Res HO INDIAN INST SCI AB A better is faced with the problem of choosing optimal bets, given his (subjective) probabilities of outcomes of an experiment (horse race), and the payoff odds on these outcomes. Conversely, a bookie (pari-mutuel system), faced by several bettors with different subjective probabilities, has the problem of choosing payoff odds so as to avoid the risk of loss. It is shown that, under certain reasonably broad conditions on the several bettors' utility functions and subjective probabilities, such an equilibrium set of payoff odds always exists. Some examples are worked out in detail. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-4712-9 J9 THEOR DEC C PY 1997 VL 18 BP 183 EP 195 PG 13 WC Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK59V UT WOS:000072703800016 ER PT J AU Muskin, PR Kunkel, ESJ Worley, LLM McCarty, TA Bagiella, E Wallack, J Milne, J McCartney, JR Santulli, RB Stewart, F Frankel, B Margo, G Goldman, A Rieder, RO Tasman, A AF Muskin, PR Kunkel, ESJ Worley, LLM McCarty, TA Bagiella, E Wallack, J Milne, J McCartney, JR Santulli, RB Stewart, F Frankel, B Margo, G Goldman, A Rieder, RO Tasman, A TI The multisite field trial of the consultation-liaison psychiatry assessment instrument SO GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID RESIDENTS AB A multisite field trial was conducted at 11 institutions to test the clinical reliability of a 29-item consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry assessment instrument. Twenty-five raters viewed videotapes of two ''trainees'' conducting clinical interviews with a simulated patient. One trainee was a medical student, the other was a fellow in psychiatry. Raters completed the 29-item assessment instrument for each trainee. The mean value scares reflected the skill of each trainee. The medical student had a mean score of 1.93, whereas the C-L fellow had a mean score of 3.13 which parallels the expected level of skill for the true interviewers. Eighty-six percent of the items (25/29) had a standard deviation (SD) of less than 1.0. Each of the remaining four items (14%) had a SD minimally greater than 1.0. These results reflect clear wording of items with measurable parameters defined for assessing trainees' skills. The authors present different uses for the assessment instrument, including giving feedback to trainees regarding interviewing techniques and skills; setting ''gold'' and ''lead'' standards for clinical C-L interviewing skills; and training supervisors in evaluation using a standardized assessment instrument. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. JEFFERSON MED COLL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV NEW MEXICO HOSP,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NYU,BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10012. VET ADM MED CTR,BOSTON,MA. BROWN UNIV,MIRIAM HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. USN,MED CTR,PORTSMOUTH,VA. FLORIDA HOSP MED CTR,ORLANDO,FL 32803. HARRISBURG HOSP,HARRISBURG,PA 17101. NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIAT INST & HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV LOUISVILLE,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0163-8343 J9 GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT JI Gen. Hosp. Psych. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0163-8343(96)00120-X PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WF951 UT WOS:A1997WF95100004 PM 9034807 ER PT S AU Little, BJ Wagner, PA Lewandowski, Z AF Little, BJ Wagner, PA Lewandowski, Z BE Banfield, JF Nealson, KH TI Spatial relationships between bacteria and mineral surfaces SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROBES AND MINERALS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review CT Short Course on Geomicrobiology CY OCT 18-19, 1997 CL ALTA, UT SP Mineral Soc Amer ID MULTISPECIES BIOFILM MODEL; COPPER-NICKEL-ALLOYS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ACCELERATED CORROSION; MICROBIAL OXIDATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; MASS-TRANSPORT; LIQUID FLOW; MANGANESE; SULFIDE C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV, CTR BIOFILM ENGN, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 USA. RP Little, BJ (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, STENNIS SPACE CTR, MS 39529 USA. NR 131 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-45-6 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1997 VL 35 BP 123 EP 159 PG 37 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BJ74J UT WOS:A1997BJ74J00004 ER PT S AU Jenkins, EL Schumacher, PW AF Jenkins, EL Schumacher, PW BE Culp, RD Wiens, SB TI Predicting conjunctions with trackable space debris: Some recent experiences SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 1997 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 05-09, 1997 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB For years the space community has speculated about the risk to on-orbit systems from collision with orbiting debris. The current satellite catalog lists about 9500 trackable objects and at least 90% of these are inert objects. In addition, there is a large population of small objects that cannot be cataloged with current tracking systems. Consequently, over the years, estimated risk levels have ranged throughout the spectrum of possibilities. However, we can now report some progress toward routine operational collision risk assessment for the trackable orbiting population. This paper will examine several aspects of the ''trackable threat''. We will take a look at the catalog growth over the decades. We describe a new parallel version of the Computation of Miss Between Orbits (PVM COMBO), a tool which allows us to predict close approaches among all trackable objects. Then we examine several recent fragmentation events which illustrate some of the capabilities and limitations of the space cataloging system. Additionally, we give a detailed chronology of the first confirmed inadvertent orbital collision, with some insights into the nature and results of the collision. RP Jenkins, EL (reprint author), USN,SPACE COMMAND,5280 FOURTH ST,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 SN 0065-3438 BN 0-87703-430-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1997 VL 94 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJ04Q UT WOS:A1997BJ04Q00007 ER PT S AU Ritter, JC AF Ritter, JC BE Culp, RD Wiens, SB TI Microelectronics and photonics test bed SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 1997 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 05-09, 1997 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The MPTB is a space experiment planned for a 1997 launch into a high radiation orbit to test performance, reliability, and survivability of new microelectronic and photonic devices and subsystems operating in the space radiation environment. One main objective of the experiment is to test Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) devices to demonstrate the orbits for which they might be suitable. Future space systems will have to use COTS in order to improve the performance of spacecraft subsystems by an order of magnitude while at the same time reducing cost and weight. A second reason for using COTS devices in future space systems is that radiation hardened devices are rapidly disappearing from the marketplace as a result of the ending of the cold war. The experiments planned for MPTB include a dual rate 1773 data bus, a commercial photonics experiment, and a 32-bit COTS microprocessor. There are a variety of memories (both DRAMs and SRAMs) including Irvine Sensors memory stacks of 16 Mbit memories. The other devices include analog to digital converters (ADCs), EEPROMs, FPGAs, optoisolators, and several CCDs. There are also some new technologies to be tested in space - low temperature grown GaAs devices (LTGaAs) which have many orders of magnitude lower SEU cross sections than standard GaAs devices and a very fast, rad hard, InP device, Plastic devices will also be included. The MPTB also includes an artificial neural net developed by the French space agency, CNES for applications such as image recognition, robotics and signal processing. This type of circuit could also be used in autonomous navigation systems, A neural net is particularly interesting because it is expected to degrade gracefully in a space radiation environment rather than catastrophically as a digital device might do. The gradual degradation applies to single event upset and total ionizing dose effects as well. RP Ritter, JC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6610,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 SN 0065-3438 BN 0-87703-430-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1997 VL 94 BP 139 EP 150 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJ04Q UT WOS:A1997BJ04Q00011 ER PT S AU Gibson, RJ Nessler, FS Keolian, RM AF Gibson, RJ Nessler, FS Keolian, RM BE ElGenk, MS TI A thermoacoustic pin stack for improved efficiency SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB In a thermoacoustic device, desirable energy conversion occurs at about a thermal penetration depth away, from the solid material of a stack; while undesirable viscous losses occur closer to the solid, within a viscous penetration depth. In order to raise efficiency a pin stack -an array of thin filaments or ''pins'' spaced a couple of thermal penetration depths apart and aligned with the acoustic axis -exploits this geometric distinction to raise the ratio of good ''thermoacoustic'' volume to the bad ''viscous'' volume. Re have made an experimental comparison of the pin stack geometry with the conventional rolled geometry in a prime mover which uses low pressure neon gas held between room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The pin stack is constructed by hand sewing 75 micron Constantan wire back and forth 2,312 times between hot and cold heat exchangers. The result is a hexagonal lattice of wires spaced 750 microns apart. The onset of sound occurs at a mean pressure which is 40% lower for the pin stack compared to the rolled stack, the sound produced is generally 18% louder, and the efficiency of the pin stack is about 25% better than the rolled stack. RP Gibson, RJ (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,CODE PH-KN,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 258 EP 264 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00038 ER PT S AU Muehleisen, RT Atchley, AA Hebert, DD Salindong, AR AF Muehleisen, RT Atchley, AA Hebert, DD Salindong, AR BE ElGenk, MS TI Measurements and empirical model of temperature evolution in a short stack SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB Measurements of the time evolution of the temperature profile of a short stack are analyzed. The temperature profile in the stack is shown to be spatially nonlinear: An empirical model for the temperature rise of the form Delta T=A(1 - e(alpha 1)) + B(1 -e(beta 1)) is shown to fit the measurements very well with a reduced chi(2) similar to 1. The constant is shown to be consistent with the form C(1)p(2)/(1+C(2)p(2)) and the constant alpha is shown to be consistent with the form C-3+C(4)p(2). RP Muehleisen, RT (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00039 ER PT B AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K BE Soboyejo, WO Srivatsan, TS TI Role of grain size on long fatigue cracks SO HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Cycle Fatigue of Structural Materials in Honor of Professor Paul C Paris, Held During Materials Week 97 CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, ASM Int AB An analysis is presented to characterize the role of grain microstructures on the two driving force parameters, K*(max) & Delta K*(th), without invoking the extrinsic crack closure concepts. Microstructural variables considered are : grain size, precipitates and stacking fault energy. It is shown that K*(max) is strongly affected by the scale of microstructure such as in grain size or precipitate spacing. For each case, the mode of slip deformation and environment affect the fatigue resistance as represented by K*(max) However, the microstructures seem to have a smaller effect on the Delta K*(th) Also, the enhanced planarity of slip from the reduction in stacking fault energy has a pronounced effect on K*(max) when compared to the materials deforming under homogeneous slip. The discussion will focus on the role of grain size in monolithic alloys, with an emphasis on the slip mode and crack deflection. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 332, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-382-1 PY 1997 BP 167 EP 179 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK49Y UT WOS:000072372400013 ER PT B AU Sadananda, K Jata, KV Vasudevan, AK Biner, SB AF Sadananda, K Jata, KV Vasudevan, AK Biner, SB BE Soboyejo, WO Srivatsan, TS TI Role of K-max on fatigue crack growth SO HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Cycle Fatigue of Structural Materials in Honor of Professor Paul C Paris, Held During Materials Week 97 CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, ASM Int AB Fatigue crack growth involves two driving forces, Delta K and K-max with corresponding two thresholds. K-max depends not only on the applied stress but also on the internal stresses that the crack tip encounters in its path; while Delta K for the most part is independent of the internal stresses. Unfortunately, the failure to consider the K-max requirement in fatigue crack growth analysis has led to several incorrect physical descriptions of the growth and in modeling for life prediction. Major issues are in the area of apparent anomalous crack growth behavior of short cracks, and retardation or acceleration effects under overloads and underloads. We show that the consideration of K-max and its threshold, and its dependence on internal stresses helps to provide a correct perspective of the fatigue crack growth phenomenon and a clear physical description. In this paper, we show how the internal stresses affect fatigue crack growth through K-max, and why the understanding of the role of K-max is important for the development of better physical models of fatigue damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-382-1 PY 1997 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK49Y UT WOS:000072372400016 ER PT B AU Holtz, RL Sadananda, K AF Holtz, RL Sadananda, K BE Soboyejo, WO Srivatsan, TS TI Fatigue threshold maps of PWA 1480 superalloy single crystal in air and vacuum at room temperature SO HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Cycle Fatigue of Structural Materials in Honor of Professor Paul C Paris, Held During Materials Week 97 CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, ASM Int AB The fatigue crack growth thresholds of PWA 1480 superalloy single crystal were measured in air and vacuum at room temperature for stress ratios 0.1, 0.5, and 0.7 and the Delta K versus K-max fatigue threshold maps obtained. The results are consistent with a two threshold model and it is not necessary to invoke crack closure mechanisms to account for the behavior. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holtz, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-382-1 PY 1997 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK49Y UT WOS:000072372400023 ER PT S AU Feng, CR Sadananda, K AF Feng, CR Sadananda, K BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Creep behavior of MoSi2 with Si3N4 reinforcements SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Because of its high melting point, excellent oxidation resistance and ductility at high temperatures, MoSi2 and its composites are attractive for elevated temperature applications. In this study, the compression creep behavior of hot pressed MoSi2 with various volume fraction of Si3N4 at 1200 degrees C, 1300 degrees C and 1400 degrees C were investigated. Within the stress range of 115-425MPa, the stress exponent, n, was either 1 or 5 depended on the volume fraction of Si3N4. The activation energy of creep for MoSi2-50%Si3N4 composite was 750kJ/mol. At still higher volume fraction of Si3N4, the activation energy decreases to 693kJ/mol, which is the same as that for monolithic Si3N4. RP Feng, CR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 665 EP 670 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00100 ER PT S AU Harris, HC Dahn, CC Monet, DG AF Harris, HC Dahn, CC Monet, DG BE OFlaherty, KS TI Accurate ground-based parallaxes to compare with Hipparcos SO HIPPARCOS VENICE '97 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hipparcos Venice 97 CY MAY 13-16, 1997 CL VENICE, ITALY SP European Space Sgcy, City Venice, Fdn Cini DE astrometry; parallax; stars; distances AB Ground-based CCD parallaxes now reach or exceed +/-0.5 mas accuracy when sufficient data are accumulated. Furthermore, use of a camera with a neutral-density spot now makes it possible to observe bright stars relative to faint, distant reference stars. For the first time, this combination allows a meaningful comparison with Hipparcos parallaxes. At the present, 23 stars on the USNO program have sufficient data (with ground-based errors smaller than 1.4 mas) to make this comparison. These preliminary data are presented. The agreement with Hipparcos results is excellent. In another 1-2 years, approximately 70 stars will be available having ground-based errors approximately +/-0.5 mas. Several Cepheids, Miras, HB stars, and other stars of special interest are on the USNO program, but unfortunately most of them require more data before drawing astrophysical conclusions. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN OBSERV,POB 1149,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-291-5 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 402 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ70B UT WOS:A1997BJ70B00024 ER PT S AU Zacharias, N Germain, ME Rafferty, TJ AF Zacharias, N Germain, ME Rafferty, TJ BE OFlaherty, KS TI UCAC-S: A new high precision, high density astrometric catalogue in the Southern Hemisphere SO HIPPARCOS VENICE '97 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hipparcos Venice 97 CY MAY 13-16, 1997 CL VENICE, ITALY SP European Space Sgcy, City Venice, Fdn Cini DE CCD astrometry; position catalogue; Southern Hemisphere; densification of reference frame; proper motions for faint stars AB The U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalogue (UCAC-S) project is planned to start in the second half of 1997 at Cerro Tololo (CTIO) in Chile. This program will cover the entire Southern Hemisphere with a 2-fold overlap pattern to 16 mag. Within 2 years about 40 million stars will have been observed. A catalogue accuracy of 20 mas per coordinate is expected for stars in the 7 to 13.5 magnitude range, increasing to about 70 mas at the limiting magnitude. A 4k CCD camera will be used with the 5-element 206 mm lens in a 579-642 nm bandpass, covering 1 square degree at 0.9 arcsec/pixel. Dark and flat field tests revealed the high cosmetic quality of the Kodak CCD chip. The telescope is currently being upgraded for automatic operation and test observations are underway at the Washington DC site before relocation. Tycho stars will be used for preliminary reductions, and a direct tie to the Hipparcos stars will be feasible using block adjustment techniques. In addition to the program fields, minor planet and calibration field observations as well as longer exposures around extragalactic reference frame sources are planned. Thus an extension of the Hipparcos frame exceeding the density of the Guide Star Catalog but with an accuracy similar to the Tycho Catalogue will be achieved. The catalogue will have an impact on deriving proper motions and will provide faint reference stars for current and future requirements for large telescope CCD observations. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-291-5 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 402 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ70B UT WOS:A1997BJ70B00043 ER PT J AU Gray, WD Young, RM Kirschenbaum, SS AF Gray, WD Young, RM Kirschenbaum, SS TI Introduction to this special issue on cognitive architectures and human-computer interaction SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPREHENSION; MODEL; TASKS C1 George Mason Univ, Chair Human Factors & Appl Cognit Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Psychol, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Gray, WD (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Chair Human Factors & Appl Cognit Program, MSN 3f5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Gray, Wayne/C-1809-2008 OI Gray, Wayne/0000-0002-1704-7433 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0737-0024 J9 HUM-COMPUT INTERACT JI Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.1207/s15327051hci1204_1 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA ZA739 UT WOS:000072396000001 ER PT J AU Bei, M Henson, V Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK Ng, J AF Bei, M Henson, V Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK Ng, J TI PCR-SSOP for HLA-A typing: Comparison to serology and identification of new alleles. SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,CW BILL YOUNG MARROW DONOR RECRUITMENT & RES PROG,WASHINGTON,DC. USN,RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20084. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 1997 VL 55 SU 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YA772 UT WOS:A1997YA77200190 ER PT J AU Steiner, N Bush, J Hartzman, RJ JohnstonDow, LA Ng, J Hurley, CK AF Steiner, N Bush, J Hartzman, RJ JohnstonDow, LA Ng, J Hurley, CK TI B*15 alleles found in HLA-B63, B75, B77 positive individuals. SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,CW BILL YOUNG MARROW DONOR RECRUITMENT & RES PROG,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. PERKIN ELMER APPL BIOSYST,FOSTER CITY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 1997 VL 55 SU 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YA772 UT WOS:A1997YA77200196 ER PT S AU Archer, M Heitmeyer, C AF Archer, M Heitmeyer, C BE Maler, O TI Verifying hybrid systems modeled as timed automata: A case study SO HYBRID AND REAL-TIME SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Hybrid and Real-Time Systems (HART 97) CY MAR 26-28, 1997 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP European Community AB Verifying properties of hybrid systems can be highly complex. To reduce the effort required to produce a correct proof, the use of mechanical verification techniques is promising. Recently, we extended a mechanical verification system, originally developed to reason about deterministic real-time automata, to verify properties of hybrid systems. To evaluate our approach, we applied our extended proof system to a solution, based on the Lynch-Vaandrager timed automata model, of the Steam Boiler Controller problem, a hybrid systems benchmark. This paper reviews our mechanical verification system, which builds on SRI's Prototype Verification System (PVS), and describes the features we added to handle hybrid systems. It also discusses some errors we detected in applying our system to the benchmark problem. We conclude with a summary of insights we acquired in using our system to specify and verify hybrid systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-62600-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1201 BP 171 EP 185 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK20X UT WOS:000071535700018 ER PT B AU Chandrasekhara, MS Carr, LW Wilder, MC Paulson, GN Sticht, CD AF Chandrasekhara, MS Carr, LW Wilder, MC Paulson, GN Sticht, CD BE Owen, FK TI Design and development of a dynamically deforming leading edge airfoil for unsteady flow control SO ICIASF '97 RECORD - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1997 CL ASILOMAR CONF CTR, PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Complere Inc HO ASILOMAR CONF CTR AB A novel approach to unsteady flow separation and dynamic stall control using a dynamically deforming leading edge airfoil is described. The design details of a carbon-fiber composite skin airfoil having a thickness of 0.002 in at the leading edge and capable of deforming at 20 Hz in unsteady flow at freestream Mach numbers of up to 0.45, are discussed. Implementation of the scheme at model scales places extraordinary demands on the design, material and fabrication of such an airfoil. Rate scaling further requires very-rapid-response instrumentation, measurement techniques and data acquisition schemes. The special instrumentation control system developed for these experiments as well as the fluid dynamic results of successful flow control that was achieved using this method, are also discussed. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,NASA,JOINT INST AERONAUT,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4168-6 PY 1997 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644673 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BJ90A UT WOS:A1997BJ90A00014 ER PT B AU Fuller, PWW AF Fuller, PWW BE Owen, FK TI Comparisons between current high speed film and video recording. SO ICIASF '97 RECORD - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1997 CL ASILOMAR CONF CTR, PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Complere Inc HO ASILOMAR CONF CTR AB High speed film cameras have been used for observation and measurement in aerodynamic and aeroballistic facilities since these facilities were first introduced. Following an introduction, the paper outlines the basic mechanisms of high speed film and video recording bringing out the differences in the way in which the image is obtained and stored. This is followed by a brief history of the development of both systems. It goes on to describe the various types of video sensor and the way in which the signals obtained are stored, both temporarily and permantly. Mention is made of the way in which video recording has gradually moved into the high speed area. Comparisons are made between film and video in terms of information density and relative resolution and image blur. Short exposure time, still video is described and points made about the transformation of fiilm to video images. A discussion of the special merits of film and video methods follows with comparisons. Finally a short summary is made of what the future may be for both methods of recording. RP Fuller, PWW (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4168-6 PY 1997 BP 287 EP 302 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644691 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BJ90A UT WOS:A1997BJ90A00030 ER PT B AU Sellami, L Newcomb, RW AF Sellami, L Newcomb, RW GP IEEE IEEE TI A pipelined synthesis of cochlea DSP lattice filters SO ICICS - PROCEEDINGS OF 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-3: THEME: TRENDS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing - Trends in Information Systems Engineering and Wireless Multimedia Communications CY SEP 09-12, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Electr Engn, Singapore, IEEE Singapore Sect, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE lattice filters; lossless filter synthesis; cochlea filters; VLSI implementations AB A pipelined lattice realization of a digital scattering model of the cochlea is presented, based an real, loss-less lattice synthesis of ARMA filters. The structure is recursively designed and each, lattice is precisely implemented by a pair of complex conjugate transmission zeros via Richard's function extractions. In addition to being suitable for VLSI realization, the structure leads to a systematic cochlea parameter estimation, owing to the scattering nature of the model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sellami, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3676-3 PY 1997 BP 1163 EP 1167 DI 10.1109/ICICS.1997.652165 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BK44L UT WOS:000072189000244 ER PT B AU Miles, MH AF Miles, MH GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI The effect of passivating films involving the lithium anode in thionyl chloride, bromine trifluoride, molten nitrates, and molten perchlorates SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The use of lithium metal anodes in oxidizing solvents requires the formation of a stable passivating film at the anode surface. This film acts as a solid electrolyte interface that transfers ions between the lithium metal and the oxidizing solvent while protecting the lithium from direct chemical attack by the solvent. These protective films generally determine the stability of the lithium anode in the oxidizing solvent as well as the discharge rates and cell voltages that can be attained. For battery applications, the ideal film would be an excellent ion conductor with all of the charge being transported by the metal ion. The passivating film for lithium anodes consists mainly of LiCl in SOCl2, LiF or LiBrF4 in BrF3, and Li2O in molten nitrates and molten perchlorates. The theoretical cell potential and energy density for Li/BrF3 are 5.26 V at 25 degrees C and 2680 W . hr/kg compared with 3.64 V and 1470 W . hr/kg for Li/SOCl2. Experimentally, the open-circuit potential is measured as 5.12 V for Li/BrF3. The discharge of the lithium anode in BrF3 appears to be limited by the passivating film that forms at the anode. Nevertheless, nearly flat discharge curves are obtained for lithium in BrF3 at current densities of 20 mA/cm(2) or less. Cell voltages greater than 3 V can be obtained for lithium anodes in molten nitrates. The discharge characteristics of the lithium anode in molten nitrates improve markedly at temperatures above the melting point of lithium (mp = 181 degrees C). Discharge rates as large as 1000 mA/cm(2) have been attained far liquid lithium anodes in molten nitrates. The liquid lithium anodes can be immobilized in molten nitrates by a lithium-boron matrix or by the use of iron powder. The Li(B) anode is quite stable in the LiNO3-KNO3 eutectic melt at temperatures up to 300 degrees C and yields discharge current efficiencies exceeding 90%. This stability is lost in initially Li+-free nitrate melts such as NaNO3-KNO3 where rapid deterioration of the anode is observed. These experimental results can be explained by a thin passivating Li2O film on the anode that is destabilized in nitrate melts having low lithium-ion concentrations. There is generally a striking difference in behavior between the lithium anode and the calcium or magnesium anode in oxidizing solvents. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 64 EP 67 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900014 ER PT B AU Hall, SW Brown, HM Manzo, MA AF Hall, SW Brown, HM Manzo, MA GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Development of voltage temperature curves specific to cell design SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Testing at Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center on the new advanced Ni-Cd cell designs showed that the Standard VIT curves might not be applicable to all designs. Adjusting in 20 millivolt increments would sometimes result in either a under or over charged condition. To verify this potential problem a program was establish to revisit V/T's. The task was to define the maximum and minimum voltage window settings for each design and to establish a general rule for adjusting the C/D ratio. These curves, which were developed were then used for the life cycling of the NASA Aerospace Ni-Cd Verification Test Program. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Hall, SW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 300 Highway 361,Code 6095, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900022 ER PT B AU Moore, BA Brown, HM Miller, TB AF Moore, BA Brown, HM Miller, TB GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI International space station nickel-hydrogen battery cell testing at NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Testing for the International Space Station nickel-hydrogen battery cell test program began in 1990 at Crane Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane). The purpose of the testing is to develop a statistically significant nickel-hydrogen database. The program has included-acceptance testing, characterization testing, random vibration, life cycle testing, and failure analysis of nickel-hydrogen battery cells. The program is directed by the Electrochemistry Branch at NASA Lewis Research Center. Over 400 nickel-hydrogen individual pressure vessel cells and one 22 cell single pressure vessel battery have been received for testing representing varying designs from four separate manufacturers; Yardney Technical Products (Yardney), Eagle-Picher Industries (EPI). Gates Energy Products (Gates), and SAFT. This report is meant to provide an update of the results of the testing and the current status since the beginning of the program. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Aerosp Power Syst Branch, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Moore, BA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Aerosp Power Syst Branch, 300 Highway 361,Code 6095, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900033 ER PT B AU Moore, BA Brown, HM Hill, CA AF Moore, BA Brown, HM Hill, CA GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Air Force nickel-hydrogen testing at NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Testing for the Air Force Nickel-Hydrogen Cell Test Program began in 1986 at Crane Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane). The purpose of the test was to demonstrate the performance of nickel-hydrogen cells in low earth orbit conditions and develop a statistically significant database on nickel-hydrogen batteries. The program has included random vibration, acceptance, characterization, and life cycle testing. The program is sponsored by the Air Force Space & Missile Systems Center, Phillips Laboratory. Several program offices in the Air Force SMC have contributed to continuation of the program. Some tasking is being jointly shared with NASA in accordance with a NASA/AF Memorandum of Agreement. Test direction is provided by The Aerospace Corporation. Two hundred thirty seven nickel-hydrogen individual pressure vessel cells, 18 common pressure vessel batteries, and one 22 cell single pressure vessel battery have been received for testing representing varying designs from four separate manufacturers; Yardney Technical Products (Yardney), Eagle-Picher Industries (EPI), Gates Energy Products (Crates), and Hughes Aircraft (HUGHES). This report provides an update of the results of the testing since the beginning of the program. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Aerospace Power Syst Branch, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Moore, BA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Aerospace Power Syst Branch, 300 Highway 361,Code 6095, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 186 EP 191 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900035 ER PT B AU Whalen, BP AF Whalen, BP GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Advanced solar panel concentrator experiment (ASPaCE) SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is beginning Phase II development for the Advanced Solar Panel Concentrator Experiment (ASPaCE). Phase I showed that flexible thin film reflectors can work successfully in a deployable trough concentrator. Thin film reflectors add several advantages to this concentrator including compact stowage, increase power from conventional fold-out solar panels, and solar cell exposure during orbit transfer, Testing on a proof-of-concept model has been completed (Phase I) and correlation to a large scale flight model is under way. In Phase II a large scale reflector on the order of 6 meters by 2.5 meters is being built for deployment and deformation testing and a flight quality array is being designed. C1 Alliedsignal Tech Serv Corp, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whalen, BP (reprint author), Alliedsignal Tech Serv Corp, NRL, Code 8220,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 391 EP 394 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900074 ER PT B AU Erickson, TA Lindler, KW Harper, MJ AF Erickson, TA Lindler, KW Harper, MJ GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Design and construction of a thermophotovoltaic generator using turbine combustion gas SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB This U.S. Naval Academy project involves the development of a prototype thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generator that uses a General Electric T-58 helicopter gas turbine as the heat source. The goals of this project were to demonstrate the viability of using TPV and external combustion gases to generate electricity, and develop a system which could also be used for materials testing. The generator was modularly designed so that different materials could be tested at a later date. The combustion gas was tapped from the T-58's combustor through one of the two ignitor ports and extracted through a silicon carbide matrix ceramic composite tube into a similarly constructed ceramic composite radiant emitter. The ceramic radiant emitter is heated by the combustion gas via convection, and then serves the TPV generator by radiating the heat outwards when it can be absorbed by thermophotovoltaic cells and converted directly into electricity. The gas turbine and generator module are monitored by a data acquisition system that performs both data collection and control functions. This paper details the design of the TPV generator. It also gives results of initial tests with the gas turbine. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Erickson, TA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1101 EP 1106 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661924 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900202 ER PT B AU Saxton, PC Moran, AL Harper, MJ Lindler, KW AF Saxton, PC Moran, AL Harper, MJ Lindler, KW GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Thermophotovoltaic emitter material selection and design SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) is a potentially attractive direct energy conversion technology. It reduces the need for complex machinery with moving parts and maintenance. TPV generators can be run from a variety of heat sources including waste heat for smaller scale operations. The United States Naval Academy's goal was to build a small experimental thermophotovoltaic generator powered by combustion gases from a General Electric T-58 helicopter gas turbine. The design of the generator imposes material limitations that directly affect emitter and structural materials selection. This paper details emitter material goals and requirements, and the methods used to select suitable candidate emitter materials for further testing. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Saxton, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1107 EP 1112 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661925 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900203 ER PT B AU Miles, MH Johnson, KB Imam, MA AF Miles, MH Johnson, KB Imam, MA GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Anomalous heat and helium production using palladium-boron alloys in heavy water SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Reproducibility continues to be the major problem in the controversial cold fusion area The best reproducibility for excess power was obtained using palladium-boron (Pd-B) alloy materials supplied by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Washington, DC. Seven out of eight Pd-B cathodes produced excess power using D2O-LiOD solutions. The collection and analysis of the electrolysis gases from one Pd-B experiment places the helium-4 production rate at 1.0 x 10(11) He-4/s . W. This is the correct magnitude for typical deuteron fusion reactions that yield helium-4 as a product. Results of selected papers from the Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion held October 13-18, 1996 in Hokkaido, Japan are summarized. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Branch, Res & Technol Grp, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1334 EP 1337 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661962 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900240 ER PT B AU Hatfield, MO Freyer, GJ Slocum, MB AF Hatfield, MO Freyer, GJ Slocum, MB GP IEEE TI Reverberation characteristics of a large welded steel shielded enclosure SO IEEE 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 1997 CL AUSTIN CONVENT CTR, AUSTIN, TX SP Amplifier Res, Compliance Engn, EMC Test Syst, ENR Newsletter, Schlegel Corp, Chomerics, Compliance Design, Fischer Custom Commun, Intertek Testing Serv, Omega Shielding Prod, Inc, Technit Shielding, TUV Prod Serv, Vanguard Prod HO AUSTIN CONVENT CTR AB For the past several years there has been an increasing interest in the possibility of testing large items such as aircraft in a reverberation chamber. One of the concerns is the scaleability of the operational characteristics of reverberation chambers. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) maintains a data base on the performance of operating reverberation chambers worldwide. This data consists of stirring ratio data at 1 GHz. Currently there are data from ten chambers in the data base. The volumes of these chambers range from less than 1 m(3) to about 200 m(3). The characteristics are scaleable over this two order of magnitude variation in volume. To test a reasonably large aircraft, a chamber would have to have a volume of 5 x 10(4) m(3) or greater. The two order of magnitude extrapolation for an expensive facility is of concern. An opportunity arose to test an empty cavity with a volume of about 2500 m(3). This volume is intermediate between that of the chambers in the data base and a chamber required for testing large aircraft. Data were collected to satisfy a limited high priority set of objectives. Data were collected over the frequency range of 30 MHz to 18 GHz. Due to tuner effectiveness and the signal to noise level obtained with the limited input power available, the effective frequency coverage was 90 MHz to 6 GHz. Within acceptable measurement uncertainty, the cavity electromagnetic environment was isotropic, randomly polarized and uniform over the frequency interval tested. The cavity quality factor was somewhat lower than expected. Within the limited data set, there were no significant departures from the theoretical scaleability. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Hatfield, MO (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4140-6 PY 1997 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.1997.667537 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BK64P UT WOS:000072926700008 ER PT B AU Anderson, T AF Anderson, T GP IEEE TI Perturbation model for EMC sources in the near field and shielded by ferromagnetic materials SO IEEE 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 1997 CL AUSTIN CONVENT CTR, AUSTIN, TX SP Amplifier Res, Compliance Engn, EMC Test Syst, ENR Newsletter, Schlegel Corp, Chomerics, Compliance Design, Fischer Custom Commun, Intertek Testing Serv, Omega Shielding Prod, Inc, Technit Shielding, TUV Prod Serv, Vanguard Prod HO AUSTIN CONVENT CTR AB In this research a perturbation model was developed to predict near fields in the presence of and within a ferromagnetic material. This was done by modeling the electric and magnetic fields of an infinitesimal dipole antenna enclosed by spherical shell of ferromagnetic material by an iterative technique given only the complex amplitude of the magnetic field in the near field as known. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Anderson, T (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4140-6 PY 1997 BP 413 EP 415 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.1997.667715 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BK64P UT WOS:000072926700081 ER PT B AU Anderson, T AF Anderson, T GP IEEE TI Iterative model for EMC sources in the near field and shielded by composite materials SO IEEE 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 1997 CL AUSTIN CONVENT CTR, AUSTIN, TX SP Amplifier Res, Compliance Engn, EMC Test Syst, ENR Newsletter, Schlegel Corp, Chomerics, Compliance Design, Fischer Custom Commun, Intertek Testing Serv, Omega Shielding Prod, Inc, Technit Shielding, TUV Prod Serv, Vanguard Prod HO AUSTIN CONVENT CTR AB In this research a iterative model was developed to predict near fields in the presence of and within a composite material. This was done by modeling the electric and magnetic fields of an infinitesimal dipole antenna enclosed by spherical shell of composite material by an iterative technique given only the complex amplitude of the magnetic field in the near field as known. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Anderson, T (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4140-6 PY 1997 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.1997.667716 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BK64P UT WOS:000072926700082 ER PT B AU Choo, V Javor, E Obara, M Anderson, T AF Choo, V Javor, E Obara, M Anderson, T GP IEEE TI The development of a large three-axis magnetic field susceptibility test (L-TAMFST) system SO IEEE 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 1997 CL AUSTIN CONVENT CTR, AUSTIN, TX SP Amplifier Res, Compliance Engn, EMC Test Syst, ENR Newsletter, Schlegel Corp, Chomerics, Compliance Design, Fischer Custom Commun, Intertek Testing Serv, Omega Shielding Prod, Inc, Technit Shielding, TUV Prod Serv, Vanguard Prod HO AUSTIN CONVENT CTR AB This paper describes the development and operation of the large three-axis magnetic field susceptibility test fixture (L-TAMFST) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC). L-TAMFST is a multi-axis Helmholtz coil test fixture that is used to perform magnetic field susceptibility testing on equipment racks, as large as 6 ft x 2 ft x 2 ft, in accordance with DOD-STD-1399 Section 070. The L-TAMFST fixture is capable of generating DC fields in excess of 20 Oersted directed at virtually any angle. The generated fields can be either uniform or gradient, in order to subject the test article to realistic conditions. Specifically, this paper addresses the overall hardware, the control system, analytical models (used for development purposes), and experimental data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Choo, V (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4140-6 PY 1997 BP 494 EP 496 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.1997.667729 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BK64P UT WOS:000072926700095 ER PT S AU Tate, DL Sibert, L King, T AF Tate, DL Sibert, L King, T GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Virtual environments for shipboard firefighting training SO IEEE 1997 VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium CY MAR 01-05, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Graph, IEEE, Neural Network Counc Virtual Real Techn Comm AB A virtual environment (VE) of portions of the ex-USS Shadwell, the Navy's full-scale fire research and test ship, has been developed to study the feasibility of using immersive VE as a tool for shipboard firefighting training and mission rehearsal. The VE system uses a head-mounted display and 3D joystick to allow users to navigate through and interact with the environment. Fire and smoke effects are added to simulate actual firefighting conditions. This paper describes the feasibility tests that were performed aboard the Shadwell and presents promising results of the benefits of VE training over conventional training methods. RP Tate, DL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7803-3948-7 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 1997 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583045 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH39E UT WOS:A1997BH39E00009 ER PT B AU Roan, GT Zaki, KA AF Roan, GT Zaki, KA GP IEEE TI Calculation of losses in a superconductive resonator using FDTD SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI AB The parallel plate resonator method is a popular means to determine the surface resistance of super-conductors at microwave frequencies [1]. In this paper, the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze the resonant frequency and the dielectric and conductor lasses within a microwave enclosure containing a parallel plate resonator. The resonator's losses are examined for the purpose of identifying experimental conditions that lead to inaccurate surface resistance measurements. RP Roan, GT (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 384 EP 387 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00092 ER PT B AU Burns, WK AF Burns, WK GP IEEE TI Prospects for low drive voltage LiNbO3 broadband modulators SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI AB Recent progress in the development of velocity matched broadband LiNbO3 modulators has opened new opportunities for the demonstration of low drive voltage devices at specific frequencies. This paper will review the current status of Crevice development and illustrate the design of low drive voltage devices. RP Burns, WK (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5671,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 759 EP 761 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00182 ER PT B AU Rao, JBL Patel, DP Sengupta, LC Synowczynski, J AF Rao, JBL Patel, DP Sengupta, LC Synowczynski, J GP IEEE TI Ferroelectric materials for phased array applications SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV RADAR,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 2284 EP 2287 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00544 ER PT J AU Obeysekare, U Grinstein, FF Patnaik, G AF Obeysekare, U Grinstein, FF Patnaik, G TI The visual interactive desktop laboratory SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The visual interactive desktop laboratory allows users to visualize on a workstation the results of large-scale simulations performed on remote supercomputers and to interactively steer a simulation as the experiment progresses. Unlike conventional methods, the VIDL requires minimal data transfer and storage and uses a general, flexible environment rather than one specific to a subject or to certain hardware. C1 USN, RES LAB, COMPUTAT PHYS & FLUID DYNAM LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. USN, RES LAB, DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. BERKELEY RES ASSOCIATES INC, SPRINGFIELD, VA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1109/99.590859 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA WU073 UT WOS:A1997WU07300011 ER PT J AU Gaither, K Moorhead, R Fox, D AF Gaither, K Moorhead, R Fox, D TI Visualizing ocean circulation models through virtual environments SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, ERC, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1109/38.576851 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA VZ872 UT WOS:A1997VZ87200004 ER PT B AU Yoder, MN AF Yoder, MN GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Gallium nitride past, present, and future SO IEEE/CORNELL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN HIGH SPEED SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND CIRCUITS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/Cornell Conference on Advanced Concepts in High Speed Semiconductor Devices and Circuits CY AUG 04-06, 1997 CL ITHACA, NY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Wright Labs, Dept Air Force AB Gallium nitride (GaN) has been known for some time(1). The first U.S. Government research funding began in 1970 with substantial increases in 1982 and again in 1993 and 1995. While the biggest initial commercial interest is in visible light emission, there will be substantial commercial and governmental use of ultra violet (UV) applications as well. It is, however, in the microwave and the millimeter wave spectrum where GaN will engender new systems enabling applications. It is here where anticipated fully digital signal synthesis and beam steering technology will require broadband, linear, efficient amplifiers with moderate power levels; GaN currently appears to be the most promising candidate semiconductor for such amplifiers. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Yoder, MN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3970-3 PY 1997 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK09H UT WOS:000071163000001 ER PT B AU MacPherson, DL AF MacPherson, DL GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Mk48 ADCAP torpedo high-assurance testing SO IEEE HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE High-Assurance Systems Engineering Workshop CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL NIAGARA ON THE LAKE, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Comp, Hitachi Software Engn Co, Honeywell Technol Ctr AB The Mk48 ADCAP torpedo is the US Navy's premier heavyweight. submarine-launched torpedo and is widely recognized as the world's most capable anti-submarine weapon, ADCAP is a wire-guided, thermal torpedo launched through the full submarine's depth and speed profile. Following ADCAP's initial fleet introduction in 1988, software upgrades were begun to improve torpedo performance in the presence of countermeasures, under the artic ice canopy and against high speed submarine targets. The ADCAP program has produced an extremely reliable and capable weapon system through over Ig years of development. Since ADCAP is a software controlled weapon, most performance enhancements require no hardware modification, can be made quickly and at low cost, Obviously, software enhancements must undergo testing before fleet introduction. This paper describes the ADCAP torpedo, the problems encountered during development and current status of the Mk48 ADCAP torpedo testing program. RP MacPherson, DL (reprint author), USN,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7629-9 PY 1997 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1109/HASE.1996.618555 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ54M UT WOS:A1997BJ54M00002 ER PT B AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Computer security: The good, the bad the ugly SO IEEE HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE High-Assurance Systems Engineering Workshop CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL NIAGARA ON THE LAKE, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Comp, Hitachi Software Engn Co, Honeywell Technol Ctr AB In this paper we discuss and characterize different types of solutions to computer security problems in terms of bad (theoretically sound, but expensive and impractical), ugly (practical, but messy and of doubtful assurance), and good (theoretically sound and practical). We also attempt to characterize the different approaches and problems in computer security that would lead to these different types of solutions. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5543,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7629-9 PY 1997 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ54M UT WOS:A1997BJ54M00008 ER PT B AU Kang, MH Froscher, JN Moskowitz, IS AF Kang, MH Froscher, JN Moskowitz, IS GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A framework for MLS interoperability SO IEEE HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE High-Assurance Systems Engineering Workshop CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL NIAGARA ON THE LAKE, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Comp, Hitachi Software Engn Co, Honeywell Technol Ctr AB Distributed object-oriented computing (DOC) is a new computing paradigm that promotes component-based development, location independence scalability, software reuse, etc. Users of multilevel security (MLS) technology want to rake advantage of these new technologies. However, the process of incorporating new technologies into PALS products is slower than the analogous process for non-secure commercial products because MLS products must go through rigorous evaluation/certification procedures. We propose an architectural framework that speeds up the process of introducing new technologies to MLS users. We examine the drawbacks; of traditional MLS approaches and take a fresh look at the requirements of MLS users. We then introduce security-critical components that can enable MLS solutions and an MLS architectural framework that can accommodate not only legacy systems but also new technologies, including DOC, without jeopardizing system security. Our framework separates security critical components/functions from the rest of the system because these components must go through rigorous evaluation/certification processes. This approach enables the secure use of new technologies for MLS users. RP Kang, MH (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,CTR HIGH ASSURANCE COMP SYST,MAIL CODE 5540,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7629-9 PY 1997 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ54M UT WOS:A1997BJ54M00028 ER PT S AU Xie, GG Lam, SS AF Xie, GG Lam, SS GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Real-time block transfer under a link sharing hierarchy SO IEEE INFOCOM '97 - THE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3: SIXTEENTH ANNUAL JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETIES - DRIVING THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION SE IEEE INFOCOM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies - Driving the Information Revolution CY APR 07-12, 1997 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Commun, IEEE Commun Soc, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers, Japan, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Operat Res Soc Japan AB Most application-level data units are too large to be carried in a single packet (or cell) and must be segmented for network delivery. To an application, the end-to-end delays and loss rate of its data units are much more relevant performance measures than ones specified for individual packets (or cells). The concept of a burst (or block) was introduced to represent a sequence of packets (or cells) that carry an application data unit. In this paper, we describe how a real-time VBR service, with QoS parameters for block transfer delay and block loss rate, can be provided by integrating concepts and delay guarantee results from our previous work on burst scheduling, together with ideas from ATM block transfer. Two new contributions are presented herein. First, we design an admission control algorithm to provide the following classes of service: bounded-delay block transfer with no loss, and bounded-delay block transfer at a specified block loss rate. Second, we show how to extend existing end-to-end delay bounds to networks with hierarchical link sharing. RP Xie, GG (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT COMP SCI,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 0743-166X BN 0-8186-7780-5 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 1997 BP 388 EP 397 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK01T UT WOS:A1997BK01T00046 ER PT S AU Park, VD Corson, MS AF Park, VD Corson, MS GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks SO IEEE INFOCOM '97 - THE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3: SIXTEENTH ANNUAL JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETIES - DRIVING THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION SE IEEE INFOCOM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies - Driving the Information Revolution CY APR 07-12, 1997 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Commun, IEEE Commun Soc, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers, Japan, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Operat Res Soc Japan AB We present a new distributed routing protocol for mobile, multihop, wireless networks. The protocol is one of a family of protocols which we term ''link reversal'' algorithms. The protocol's reaction is structured as a temporally-ordered sequence of diffusing computations; each computation consisting of a sequence of directed link reversals. The protocol is highly adaptive, efficient and scalable; being best-suited for use in large, dense, mobile networks. In these networks, the protocol's reaction to link failures typically involves only a localized ''single pass'' of the distributed algorithm. This capability is unique among protocols which are stable in the face of network partitions, and results in the protocol's high degree of adaptivity. This desirable behavior is achieved through the novel use of a ''physical or logical clock'' to establish the ''temporal order'' of topological change events which is used to structure top. order) the algorithm's reaction to topological changes. We refer to the protocol as the Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA). RP Park, VD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 441 Z9 473 U1 1 U2 4 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 0743-166X BN 0-8186-7780-5 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 1997 BP 1405 EP 1413 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK01T UT WOS:A1997BK01T00165 ER PT S AU Stevens, RS AF Stevens, RS BE Thiele, L Fortes, J Vissers, K Taylor, V Noll, T Teich, J TI The Processing Graph Method Tool (PGMT) SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURES AND PROCESSORS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURES AND PROCESSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processes CY JUL 14-16, 1997 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm VLSI AB To acquire stare-of-the-art hardware at reduced cost, the U.S. Navy is committed to buying Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) computer hardware. In this rapidly changing technological world, today's hardware will be obsolete tomorrow. The Navy's complex problems often require more computational power than can be delivered by a single serial processor. The solution lies in distributed processing. However, distributed processors tend to have architecture specific languages, requiring an expensive and rime-consuming manual rewrite of application software as new technology and new machines become available. The Processing Graph Method (PGM), developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, DC, is an architecture independent method for specifying application software for distributed architectures. Its model of computation is reconfigurable dynamic data flow: dynamic, because the amount of data consumed and produced by an actor may vary from one firing to another; and reconfigurable, because a graph may be disassembled and reassembled. PGM was implemented on the Navy Standard Signal Processor (AN/UYS-2), and on VAX and Sun workstations. The PGMT project al NRL is developing a tool set that will facilitate the implementation of PGM on a given distributed architecture at relatively low cost. We describe the major features PGM and discuss the PGMT project. RP Stevens, RS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6862 BN 0-8186-7958-1 J9 IEEE INT CONF ASAP PY 1997 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ33Y UT WOS:A1997BJ33Y00026 ER PT J AU Shin, FB Kil, DH Wayland, RF AF Shin, FB Kil, DH Wayland, RF TI Active impulsive echo discrimination in shallow water by mapping target physics-derived features to classifiers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active classification; feature optimization; image compression; integrated pattern recognition paradigm; target physics ID REPRESENTATION AB One of the most difficult challenges in shallow-water active sonar processing is false-alarm rate reduction via active classification, In impulsive-echo-range processing, an additional challenge is dealing with stochastic impulsive source variability, The goal of active classification is to remove as much clutter as possible while maintaining an acceptable detection performance, Clutter in this context refers to any non-target, threshold-crossing cluster event, In this paper, we present a clutter-reduction algorithm using an integrated pattern-recognition paradigm that spans a nide spectrum of signal and image processing-target physics, exploration of projection spaces, feature optimization, and mapping the decision architecture to the underlying good-feature distribution, This approach is analogous to a classify before-detect strategy that utilizes multiple informations to arrive at the detection decision, After a thorough algorithm evaluation with real active sonar data, we achieved over an order of magnitude performance improvement in clutter reduction with our methodology over that of the baseline processing. C1 NAVAL AIR WARFARE CTR, DIV AIRCRAFT, PATUXENT RIVER, MD 20670 USA. RP LOCKHEED MARTIN AZ, ADV CONCEPTS & DEV, LITCHFIELD PK, LITCHFIELD PK, AZ 85340 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.1109/48.557541 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300008 ER PT J AU Holland, KT Holman, RA Lippmann, TC Stanley, J Plant, N AF Holland, KT Holman, RA Lippmann, TC Stanley, J Plant, N TI Practical use of video imagery in nearshore oceanographic field studies SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE camera calibration; nearshore; morphology; video techniques ID CAMERA CALIBRATION; NATURAL BEACH; RUN-UP AB An approach was developed for using video imagery to quantify, in terms of both spatial and temporal dimensions, a number of naturally occurring (nearshore) physical processes, The complete method is presented, including the derivation of the geometrical relationships relating image and ground coordinates, principles to be considered when working with video imagery and the two-step strategy for calibration of the camera model, The techniques are founded on the principles of photogrammetry, account for difficulties inherent in the use of video signals, and have been adapted to allow for flexibility of use in field studies, Examples from field experiments indicate that this approach is both accurate and applicable under the conditions typically experienced when sampling in coastal regions, Several applications of the camera model are discussed, including the measurement of nearshore fluid processes, sand bar length scales, foreshore topography, and drifter motions, Although we have applied this method to the measurement of nearshore processes and morphologic features, these same techniques are transferable to studies in other geophysical settings. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), NAVAL RES LAB,CODE 7442,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 24 TC 258 Z9 262 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1109/48.557542 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300009 ER PT J AU Cederberg, RJ Collins, MD AF Cederberg, RJ Collins, MD TI Application of an improved self-starter to geoacoustic inversion SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE coordinate rotation; geoacoustic inversion; parabolic wave equation; self-starter; simulated annealing; split-step Pade solution ID PARABOLIC EQUATION METHOD; MATCHED-FIELD INVERSION; OCEAN-BOTTOM PROPERTIES; STEP PADE SOLUTION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; MEDIA; INTERFACES AB The self-starter is improved using the operator of the split-step Pade solution, In addition to providing greater stability and being applicable closer to the source, the improved self-starter is an efficient forward model for geoacoustic inversion, It is necessary to solve only O(10) tridiagonal systems of equations to obtain the acoustic field on a vertical array located O(10) wavelengths from a source, This experimental configuration is effective for geoacoustic inverse problems involving unknown parameters deep in the ocean bottom, For problems involving depth-dependent acoustic parameters, the improved self-starter can be used to solve nonlinear inverse problems involving O(10) unknown sediment parameters in less than a minute on the current generation of workstations. RP Cederberg, RJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1109/48.557544 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300011 ER PT J AU Wagstaff, RA AF Wagstaff, RA TI The AWSUM filter: A 20-dB gain fluctuation-based processor SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic detectors; acoustic signal detection; array signal processing; fluctuation exploitation gain; scintillation detectors ID SCATTERING; SURFACE; WATER AB The advanced WISPR summation (AWSUM) filter, a natural extension of the WISPR filter for higher filter order numbers, is presented and its performance is compared to the performance of the WISPR filter and the conventional summation processor, It is shown that the AWSUM filter achieves substantial gains in various measures of processor performance above those of the other two processors in spatial and spectral resolution, minimum detectable level (MDL), clutter reduction, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain, The important processing parameters are shown to be the percentage of overlap of the voltage time series and the number of FFT's averaged, SNR gains in excess of 20 dB were shown to be achievable for low-fluctuation amplitude tonals using measured data. RP Wagstaff, RA (reprint author), NAVAL RES LAB,CODE 7176,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1109/48.557545 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300012 ER PT J AU Gardner, SD Wagstaff, RA AF Gardner, SD Wagstaff, RA TI DIET AWSUM: A fluctuation-based deconvolution technique for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio and resolution SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic noise measurement; array signal processing; deconvolution; maximum entropy methods; signal detection; signal resolution; underwater acoustics ID SCATTERING; SURFACE AB A technique for simultaneously improving resolution and signal-to-noise ratio gain, the directivity improved estimation technique (DIET) combined with the advanced WISPR summation (AWSUM), or DIET AWSUM, is introduced. The DIET AWSUM method combines a straightforward deconvolution technique with the highly fluctuation-sensitive AWSUM filter. DIET AWSUM results generated for ocean acoustic data are compared with estimates produced using the maximum entropy method (MEM), a well-tested standard. The DIET AWSUM method achieved superior results in both increased resolution and improved gain for stable signal identification chiefly because of its greater ability to discriminate between stable signals and fluctuating signals and noise. RP Gardner, SD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1109/48.557546 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300013 ER PT J AU Spiesberger, JL Fabrikant, AL Silivra, AA Hurlburt, HE AF Spiesberger, JL Fabrikant, AL Silivra, AA Hurlburt, HE TI Mapping climatic temperature changes in the ocean with acoustic tomography: Navigational requirements SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic tomography; Kalman filtering; synthetic aperture imaging ID PACIFIC; BIASES; TRANSMISSIONS; PROPAGATION AB In eddy-resolving hydrodynamic models, first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves linked to El Nino/Southern Oscillation are the dominant features which change basin-wide temperatures below the seasonal thermocline in the northeast Pacific at periods less than a decade [1]. Simulations are carried out in which Rossby waves are mapped using acoustic tomography. Based on the model which propagated these waves, a Kalman filter is used to map temperature signals for a year, The modeled data are taken from a dense network of acoustic tomography sections, At 300-m depth, where the temperature perturbations associated with Rossby waves are about +/- 1 degrees C, 80% to 90% of the model variance is accounted for with tomographic estimates, The corresponding standard deviations of the estimates are less than 0.1 degrees C at 400-km resolution, About 80% of the model variance is accounted for with tomography when the navigational errors of the sources and receivers are as poor as one kilometer, Consequently, it may be unnecessary to accurately navigate actual tomographic instruments to map climate change, Modeling results are insensitive to: 1) a reduction in data due to a significant number of instruments which fail; 2) whether the instruments are mobile or fixed; 3) the detailed trajectories of mobile receivers; 4) the shape of the a priori spectrum of ocean fluctuations; 5) the corrections to the acoustic travel-time biases; and 6) the errors in the sound-speed algorithm, In basin-scale arrays, the modeled variance of acoustic travel time depends on the horizontal wavenumber of temperature as k(-5.5), Because sound has little sensitivity to small wavelengths, modeled Rossby waves can be mapped in a day from a few sources and of order ten receivers, The results only depend on the model having large scales in space and time. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39522. RP Spiesberger, JL (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,APPL RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 128 EP 142 DI 10.1109/48.557547 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300014 ER PT J AU Silivra, AA Spiesberger, JL Fabrikant, AL Hurlburt, HE AF Silivra, AA Spiesberger, JL Fabrikant, AL Hurlburt, HE TI Acoustic tomography at basin scales and clock errors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic tomography; clocks; Kalman filtering AB A basin-scale acoustic tomography simulation is carried out for the northeast Pacific ocean to determine the accuracy with which time must be kept at the sources when clocks at the receivers are accurate, A sequential Kalman filter is used to estimate sound-speed fluctuations and clock errors, Sound-speed fluctuations in the simulated ocean are estimated from an eddy-resolving hydrodynamic model of the Pacific forced by realistic wind fields at daily resolution from 1981-1993, The model output resembles features associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation, as well as many other features of the ocean's circulation, Using a Rossby-wave resolving acoustic array of four fixed sources and twenty drifting receivers, we find that the percentage of the modeled ocean's sound-speed variance accounted for with tomography is 92% at 400-km resolution, regardless of the accuracy of the clocks, Clocks which drift up to hundreds of seconds of error or more for a year do not degrade tomographic images of the model ocean, Tomographic reconstructions of the sound-speed field are insensitive to clock error primarily because of the wide variety of distances between the receivers from each source, Every receiver ''sees'' the same clock error from each source, regardless of section length, but the sound-speed fluctuations in the modeled ocean cannot yield travel times which lead to systematic changes in travel time that are independent of section length, The Kalman filter is thus able to map the sound-speed field accurately in the presence of large errors at the source's clocks. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,APPL RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39522. RP Silivra, AA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,APPL RES LAB,STATE COLL,PA 16804, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1109/48.557548 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300015 ER PT J AU Nardone, SC Graham, ML AF Nardone, SC Graham, ML TI A closed-form solution to bearings-only target motion analysis SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bearings-only target motion analysis; estimation; nonlinear estimation; tracking; underwater vehicle detection and tracking ID EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER; TRACKING; OBSERVABILITY; PERFORMANCE; LOCATION AB Bearings-only target motion analysis is a nonlinear state estimation problem in which the noise corrupted angle of arrival measurements of an emitted signal are used to obtain estimates of the source's range, bearing, course, and speed, The estimation process is complicated by unusual observability properties that render the quality of the estimate highly dependent on both the measurement noise levels and the source-observer geometry, Solutions that use recursive Kalman filtering approach or batch-style algorithms have been reported, The nonlinear batch style estimators for this process require iterative solution methods and under certain scenarios can be sensitive to initial conditions, Pseudolinear solutions that alleviate some of the difficulties with the iterative batch algorithms have been proposed, Although early versions of the pseudolinear filter suffered from biased estimates, subsequent improvements appear to have reduced the bias problem. This paper discusses a new pseudolinear solution based on the observable parameters from individual data segments defined by periods of constant observer velocity (termed ''legs''), This solution is a true closed-form solution to the bearings-only target motion analysis problem, Although theoretically interesting, the technique does suffer under conditions of poor observability. A practical pseudolinear estimate, that does not suffer from the same observability problems, is developed and related to the first solution. Algorithm performance results, obtained from computer simulation, are presented, For the scenarios examined, the technique provides good state estimates under conditions of high observability, As observability conditions deteriorate, the solution does develop biases, However, it may still be useful for initializing an iterative nonlinear batch-style estimation algorithm. C1 USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR DIV,NEWPORT,RI 02841. RP Nardone, SC (reprint author), SE MASSACHUSETTS UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,N DARTMOUTH,MA 02747, USA. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1109/48.557551 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300018 ER PT J AU Bain, JB McGregor, DN AF Bain, JB McGregor, DN TI A recommended error control architecture for ATM networks with wireless links SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ARQ; asynchronous transfer mode; error correction coding; wireless ATM AB This paper provides performance results through analysis and simulation for key error control problems encountered in using wireless links to transport asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cells, Problems considered include the forward-error correction (FEC) and interleaving at the physical layer, the impact of wireless links on the ATM cell header-error control (HEC) and cell delineation (CD) functions, the application of data link automatic repeat-request (ARQ) for traffic requiring reliable transport, and the impact of the choice of end-to-end ARQ protocol for reliable service, We conclude that it is very important to make the physical layer as SONET-like as possible through the use of powerful FEC, interleaving, and ARQ, These additional error control measures are especially necessary for disturbed channels because of the degrading effects of the channel on higher-layer functions, A recommended error control architecture is given with tradeoffs. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Bain, JB (reprint author), HARRIS CORP,MELBOURNE,FL 32902, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1 BP 16 EP 28 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WB747 UT WOS:A1997WB74700003 ER PT J AU Macedonia, MR Zyda, MJ AF Macedonia, MR Zyda, MJ TI A taxonomy for networked virtual environments SO IEEE MULTIMEDIA LA English DT Article AB We discuss virtual environments in the context of how to distribute network communications, views, data, and processes while emphasizing those aspects critical to scaling environments. Systems that demand strong data consistency, causality, and reliable communications while supporting real-time interaction are not likely to scale very well. Furthermore, geographically dispersed systems require high-speed, multicast communication. C1 USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT COMP SCI, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. RP Macedonia, MR (reprint author), FRAUNHOFER CTR RES COMP GRAPH, 321 S MAIN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA. NR 16 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1070-986X J9 IEEE MULTIMEDIA JI IEEE Multimedia PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1109/93.580395 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA WN338 UT WOS:A1997WN33800015 ER PT J AU Fabiny, L Kersey, AD AF Fabiny, L Kersey, AD TI Interferometric fiber-optic Doppler velocimeter with high-dynamic range SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Doppler measurements; explosions; interferometry; laser measurement applications; motion measurements; optical fiber measurement applications; optical velocity measurement; velocity measurement ID GRATING STRAIN-SENSOR AB We describe and demonstrate a fiber-optic laser Doppler velocity sensor which is based on interferometric processing of a wavelength encoded signal, The range of the fiberoptic velocimeter is scalable from less than 1 mm/s up to 1000 m/s through changes in the optical path imbalance in the fiber-optic interferometer. A dynamic velocity resolution of <80 mu m/s/root Hz is demonstrated. RP Fabiny, L (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,CODE 5673,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 79 EP 81 DI 10.1109/68.554506 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA VZ875 UT WOS:A1997VZ87500028 ER PT J AU Luqi Goguen, JA AF Luqi Goguen, JA TI Formal methods: Promises and problems SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article AB Successfully applying formal methods to software development promises to move us closer to a true engineering discipline. The authors offer suggestions for overcoming the problems that have hindered the use of formal methods thus far. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT COMP SCI & ENGN,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,PROGRAM ADV MFG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Luqi (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1109/52.566430 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WB666 UT WOS:A1997WB66600013 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Steinberg, M DiGirolamo, RD AF Singh, SN Steinberg, M DiGirolamo, RD TI Variable structure robust flight control system for the F-14 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT; DESIGN AB In this paper, a flight control law for a simplified F-14 aircraft model is designed based on variable structure control (VSC) theory. For m-input, q-output linear uncertain systems (q < m), a VSC law is derived. For the derivation of the control law, a choice of a sliding surface is made so that the zero dynamics of the system are stable. The linear lateral and longitudinal dynamics of the F-14 are decoupled. This allows design of lateral and longitudinal flight controllers separately. An application of variable structure system (VSS) theory to control of lateral dynamics is presented. A control law is derived for the control of roll angle, lateral velocity, and yaw rate. The chosen sliding surface for the controller design is a linear function of the tracking error, its derivative, and the integral of the tracking error. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system, precise bank angle trajectory tracking and regulation of lateral velocity and yaw rate can be accomplished in spite of aerodynamic parameter uncertainty. C1 USN,CTR AIR WARFARE,DIV AIRCRAFT,WARMINSTER,PA 18974. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,4505 MARYLAND PKWY,BOX 454026,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1109/7.570710 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WC812 UT WOS:A1997WC81200008 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS AF Asvestas, JS TI Scattering by an indentation satisfying a dyadic impedance boundary condition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE scattering ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AB We derive a pair of boundary integral equations for the problem of scattering of an electromagnetic wave by an indentation in a perfectly conducting screen, The wall of the indentation obeys a dyadic impedance boundary condition, The unknowns are the electric current density on the wall of the indentation and the total tangential magnetic field in the opening of the indentation, We also derive integral representations for the fields everywhere in free spade, including the far-field region. In all cases, the integrals involved extend over finite surfaces only. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,RF SENSORS BRANCH,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1109/8.554237 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WC125 UT WOS:A1997WC12500006 ER PT J AU Jung, TP Makeig, S Stensmo, M Sejnowski, TJ AF Jung, TP Makeig, S Stensmo, M Sejnowski, TJ TI Estimating alertness from the EEG power spectrum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE alertness; EEG; neural human-system; neural networks; interfaces; power spectrum; vigilance ID FLUCTUATIONS; BRAIN AB In tasks requiring sustained attention, human alertness varies on a minute time scale. This can have serious consequences in occupations ranging from air traffic control to monitoring of nuclear power plants. Changes in the electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum accompany these fluctuations in the level of alertness, as assessed by measuring simultaneous changes in EEG and performance on an auditory monitoring task. By combining power spectrum estimation, principal component analysis and artificial neural networks, we show that continuous, accurate, noninvasive, and near real-time estimation of an operator's global level of alertness is feasible using EEG measures recorded from as few as two central scalp sites. This demonstration could lead to a practical system for noninvasive monitoring of the cognitive state of human operators in attention-critical settings. C1 NATL ACAD SCI,NATL RES COUNCIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT COGNIT PERFORMANCE & PSYCHOPHYSIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT COMP SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Jung, TP (reprint author), SALK INST,COMPUTAT NEUROBIOL LAB,POB 85800,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 25 TC 211 Z9 221 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1109/10.553713 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA VZ941 UT WOS:A1997VZ94100006 PM 9214784 ER PT J AU Yu, XL Hoff, LE Reed, IS Chen, AM Stotts, LB AF Yu, XL Hoff, LE Reed, IS Chen, AM Stotts, LB TI Automatic target detection and recognition in multiband imagery: A unified ML detection and estimation approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Multispectral or hyperspectral sensors can facilitate automatic target detection and recognition (ATD/R) in clutter since the natural clutter from vegetation is characterized by a grey body, and man-made objects, compared with blackbody radiators, emit radiation more strongly at some wavelengths than at others, Various types of data fusion of the spectral-spatial features contained in multiband imagery were developed during the last decade for detecting and recognizing low-contrast targets in a clutter background, While different approaches to detection were taken for a variety of problem scenarios, they appear to have a common framework, In this paper, a generalized hypothesis test on the observed data is formulated by partitioning the received bands into two groups, In one group, targets exhibit substantial coloring in their signatures but behave either like grey bodies or emit negligible radiant energy in the other group, This general observation about the data generalizes the data models used previously, A unified framework for these problems, which utilizes a maximum likelihood ratio approach to detection, is presented herein, Within this framework, a performance evaluation and a comparison of the various types of multiband detectors are conducted by finding the gain of the signal-noise-ratio (SNR) needed for detection as well as the gain required for separability between the target classes used for recognition, Certain multiband detectors developed previously become special cases in this new, more general framework when the assumptions are simplified, The incremental gains in SNR and separability obtained by using what are called target-feature bands plus clutter-reference bands are studied, In addition, certain essential parameters are defined that effect the gains in SNR and target separability. Instead of incorporating a priori clutter statistics into a detector, this general framework for maximum likelihood ratio detection is able to adapt automatically to the local clutter statistics. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT RADIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90007. USN,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90007. ADV RES PROJECTS AGCY,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. RP Yu, XL (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 19 TC 88 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1109/83.552103 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WK685 UT WOS:A1997WK68500012 PM 18282885 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI GP IEEE TI Diffuse reflectance of the optically deep sea under combined illumination of its surface SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The processing of remotely measured color imagery involves knowledge of the diffuse reflectance of the oceanic water. This paper presents two approaches to this problem. The first one is analytical and consists of an approximate solution to the radiative transfer equation. As a result it gives an equation for diffuse reflectance of the sea as a function of inherent optical properties, the sun elevation angle and the ratio of the direct illumination by sun to the diffuse illumination by sky. The second approach is a numerical Monte Carlo simulation. The results of this simulation are processed to produce regressions that connect diffuse reflectance of the seawater for different hydrooptical situations to the sun elevation angle. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,OCEAN SCI BRANCH,STENNIS SPACE CTR,CODE 7331,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 296 EP 298 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00086 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI GP IEEE TI Light scattering coefficient of seawater for arbitrary concentrations of hydrosols SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The scattering coefficient of seawater as a function of concentration of hydrosol particles is calculated. The approach used is based on the Maxwell's equations in a stochastically scattering seawater. The water is modeled as thermally fluctuated medium filled with the hydrosol particles. It is found that the scattering coefficient quadratically depends on concentration when the concentration of scatterers is very small. The scattering coefficient is linear to concentration of scatterers at values typical to the open ocean. At the values of concentrations typical to coastal waters the dependence on concentration weakens and reaches the saturation at very high values. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,OCEAN SCI BRANCH,STENNIS SPACE CTR,CODE 7331,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 299 EP 301 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00087 ER PT B AU Lin, CS AF Lin, CS GP IEEE TI Multi-wavelength laser scattering at the air-sea interface SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper describes a shore-based multi-wavelength lidar for air-sea interface studies. The lidar systems used lasers operated in near IR and visible wavelengths to collect waveform and imaging spectrograph data at both sides of the air-sea interface. This paper describes the lidars, the waveform sampling system and the imaging spectrograph system. This paper also describes the measurement results. RP Lin, CS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 302 EP 304 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00088 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI GP IEEE TI Retrieval of remote radiance reflection coefficients of coastal waters from the inherent optical properties SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Upwelling spectral radiances from the water surface and in situ inherent optical properties are measured concurrently at the same locations. Values of spectral radiance reflectance coefficients are derived from in situ data and compared with those obtained from spectral radiance data. An algorithm for estimating reflectance coefficients based on attenuation and absorption data is proposed and evaluated. This algorithm is based on the theoretically derived equations and the experimentally obtained regressions that connect scattering and backscattering coefficients. Overall comparison of derived and measured radiance coefficients shows that this algorithm is suitable for processing ground truth data for the purposes of calibration remote and in situ optical measurements. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,OCEAN SCI BRANCH,CODE 7331,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 595 EP 597 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00168 ER PT B AU Chang, P Gaiser, PW StGermain, K Li, L AF Chang, P Gaiser, PW StGermain, K Li, L GP IEEE TI Multi-frequency polarimetric microwave ocean wind direction retrievals SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1009 EP 1011 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00299 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR DeGrandi, G AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR DeGrandi, G GP IEEE TI Polarimetric SAR speckle filtering and its impact on classification SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Speckle reduction of polarimetric SAR imagery has been studied using several different approaches. Most of these approaches exploited the statistical independence between HH, HV and VV channels. The statistical characteristics, such as correlation between channels, and polarimetric signature preservation, were not addressed. This paper proposes a new approach in polarimetric SAR filtering. This new approach emphasizes introducing no cross-talk, preserving polarimetric properties and statistical correlations between channels. In addition, the image sharpness is better maintained. The impact of using this polarimetric speckle filtering on terrain classification is also studied. NASA/JPL Les Landes polarimetric P-Band and C-Band SAR data is used for illustration. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,CODE 7263,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1038 EP 1040 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00308 ER PT B AU Hwang, PA Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA AF Hwang, PA Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA GP IEEE TI Climatology of wind and waves from satellite altimeters SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Based on comparisons with buoy data, the wind speed and wave height measured by satellite altimeters are in excellent agreement with in-situ measurements. In regions of low swell effects, the combination of wind speed and wave height further yields the information of wave period. The long-term monitoring of these wave parameters from satellite altimeters can be used to study the wave climate of the world oceans. Examples from application to the Gulf of Mexico and the Yellow and East China Seas are presented. Using three years of TOPEX/POSEIDON continuous data, the annual and seasonal maps of the wind and wave climatology of the two regions can be constructed. Many mesoscale features can be clearly identified, and the geometric effects on the wave pattern can be seen from the wind and wave distributions. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OCEANOG,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1156 EP 1158 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00347 ER PT B AU Hwang, PA Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Wang, DW AF Hwang, PA Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Wang, DW GP IEEE TI Tilting effect on the derivation of wind speed from satellite altimeters SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The tilting effect (caused by water waves that are much longer than the radar waves) modifies the local radar incidence angle and introduces a strong attenuation of the radar backscattering return. It is shown that when this tilting effect is accounted for, the agreement of the wind speed derived from the altimeter with the buoy measurement of wind speed is significantly improved. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OCEANOG,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1171 EP 1173 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00352 ER PT B AU StGermain, K Cavalieri, DJ Markus, T AF StGermain, K Cavalieri, DJ Markus, T GP IEEE TI A comparison of sea ice type, sea ice temperature, and snow thickness distributions in the arctic seasonal ice zones with the DMSP SSM/I SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci RP StGermain, K (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1291 EP 1293 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00391 ER PT B AU Chubb, SR Cooper, AL Fusina, RA Jansen, RW AF Chubb, SR Cooper, AL Fusina, RA Jansen, RW GP IEEE TI Wave-breaking effects in radar signatures from 2-dimensional modelling of the HI-RES-1 rip feature SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Full-spectral modelling of a two-dimensional current structure is used to understand the role of wave-current interaction and wave-breaking (WB) effects in the Radar Signatures of the Rip-like sub-mesoscale feature that were observed during the First High Resolution Remote Sensing (HI-RES-1) experiment. It is found that the large variations in radar cross-section (RCS) in the neighborhood of the cusplike features within the Rip can be reproduced with or without incorporation of wave-breaking (WB) effects. However, when WE effects are not included, consistent with previous models that have used 1-dimensional current structures, in regions away from these cusp-like structures, the composite scattering (CB) model significantly underpredicts the magnitude of the signature. As a consequence, somewhat surprisingly, within the Rip, the CB model over-predicts the magnitude of the cusp signature relative to the signature from the Rip in non-cusp-like regions. By including WE effects, this deficiency is overcome, and good agreement is obtained. The resulting agreement occurs when the WE effect is based on an estimate of the local critical crest acceleration Omega(c)=0.4 g (g=9.8 m/s(2)) that accompanies the onset of wave-breaking. This value for Omega(c) is in good agreement with independently measured values obtained in wave-tank and field experiments. Incorporation of WE effects also eliminates a non-physical dependence on look-angle that occurs when the CB model alone is used. RP Chubb, SR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1317 EP 1319 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00399 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Schuler, LL Ainsworth, TL Du, LJ AF Lee, JS Schuler, LL Ainsworth, TL Du, LJ GP IEEE TI Littoral remote sensing using polarimetric SAR SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Polarimetric SAR has been successfully applied for, terrain and land-use classification, soil moisture and biomass measurements, and many other areas of remote sensing. However, its application to ocean and coastal areas has not been developed. This paper describes several remote-sensing applications for the littoral zone using polarimetric SAR. SIR-C L-and C-band and JPL AIRSAR images are used for illustration. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING LAB,CODE 7263,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1407 EP 1410 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00426 ER PT B AU Wynn, WM AF Wynn, WM GP IEEE TI Magnetic dipole localization with a gradiometer: Obtaining unique solutions SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The five independent equations describing the field gradient tensor at a point for a static magnetic dipole source can be inverted to give the bearing vector to the source and the source moment vector divided by the fourth power of the range. The equations have four solutions, two of which are related in a non-trivial way, and two more that are obtained by reflections through the field point. The symmetry of the four solutions in the principal-axis frame of the gradient tensor can be used to express the solutions directly in terms of one another in an arbitrary frame without executing the inversion. This relationship has been exploited to construct explicit proofs that a unique solution for magnetic moment vector and relative position between source and field point can be obtained if either the magnetic field vector, or the rate of change of the gradient tensor and the relative motion of source and field point is known. RP Wynn, WM (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,COASTAL SYST STN,CODE R22,6703 W HWY 98,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1483 EP 1485 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00450 ER PT B AU Askari, F Chubb, SR Donato, T Alpers, W Mango, SA AF Askari, F Chubb, SR Donato, T Alpers, W Mango, SA GP IEEE TI Study of gulf stream features with a multi-frequency polarimetric SAR from the space shuttle SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB We use simulations of radar cross-section, based on wave-current interaction calculations, to investigate the origin of a prominent enhancement in L-band, HV polarization radar return that was observed in imagery of the northern boundary of the Gulf Stream (GS) during the first Shuttle Radar Laboratory (SRL-1) mission. The calculations of surface roughness are based on a 1-dimensional surface current model that closely resembles a current convergence that was observed in in situ current measurements, taken at both sides of the Stream at the time SRL-1 imaged the GS boundary. In agreement with trends observed in the imagery, significant enhancements in L-band HV polarization cross-section occur in the neighborhood of the GS boundary, relative to comparable VV polarization cross-section signatures at X-, C- and L-band. This occurs despite the fact that the magnitude of the L-band HV cross-section is significantly reduced relative to the comparable X-, C-, and L-band VV cross-sections. These results indicate that the associated L-band HV enhancement occurs from tilt-induced modulation in the radar backscatter, which preferentially alters the relative modulation in L-band HV backscatter in regions where considerable variation in surface slope takes place. We also provide an overview of a number of additional submesoscale features associated with the Gulf Stream that were present in the image of the GS boundary. RP Askari, F (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1521 EP 1523 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00462 ER PT B AU Nedlin, GM Chubb, SR Cooper, AL AF Nedlin, GM Chubb, SR Cooper, AL GP IEEE TI Microwave scattering from a slightly rough surface of a medium possessing a finite large dielectric constant, and applications to an air-water scattering. SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB A theory for electromagnetic scattering from a slightly rough surface is developed that is based on application of an effective boundary condition. The theory generalizes previous approaches that apply only to the infinite dielectric constant (epsilon --> infinity) limit to cases of finite but large epsilon. Also, the theory yields the known results by J.Wright. In a particularly important case of scattering from the ocean, the backscatter cross-section is dramatically different from that calculated for epsilon --> infinity over a wide range of incident angles, for both vertical and horizontal polarization. RP Nedlin, GM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1692 EP 1694 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00518 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Papathanassiou, KP Ainsworth, TL Grunes, MR Reigber, A AF Lee, JS Papathanassiou, KP Ainsworth, TL Grunes, MR Reigber, A GP IEEE TI A new technique for noise filtering of SAR interferogram phase images SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper addresses the noise filtering problem for SAR interferogram phase images. The phase noise is characterized by an additive noise model, and a filtering algorithm based on this noise model was developed by filtering noise along fringes. In addition, this filter adaptively adjusts the amount of filtering according to the coherence. The effectiveness of this filter is demonstrated using SIR-C/X-SAR multi-pass generated interferograms. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,CODE 7263,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1716 EP 1718 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00526 ER PT B AU Paduan, JD Cook, MS Fernandez, DM AF Paduan, JD Cook, MS Fernandez, DM GP IEEE TI Two-dimensional diurnal to monthly period surface currents in Monterey Bay from CODAR-type HF radar SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Surface current maps from Monterey Bay, California are analyzed from a network of three CODAR-type HF radar systems for the period December 1994 and compared with previous results from summertime observations. Mean currents show a narrow, meandering poleward flow opposite to the situation in summer. At diurnal periods, motions are more rectilinear in winter than in summer, which is consistent with differences in the wind forcing. Additional evidence is provided to suggest that non-linear interactions of the mean and diurnal-period motions may affect the observed pattern of diurnal-period current ellipses. RP Paduan, JD (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,MAIL CODE OC-PD,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1814 EP 1816 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00557 ER PT S AU Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Freitas, JA Kaplan, R Prokes, SM AF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Freitas, JA Kaplan, R Prokes, SM BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Energy constraints for heteroepitaxial growth on compliant substrates: Morphology of GaN grown on Sc layers SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB An empirical relationship linking surface energy to bulk modulus is presented which suggests that the thermodynamic growth mode for heteroepitaxy on compliant substrates should be 3-D. As an example of this behavior, GaN growth on Sc is shown for various growth conditions. 2-D growth is obtained when the GaN is grown on top of a low temperature GaN nucleation layer. Our results indicate that surface and interface energies, in addition to, lattice matching and thermal matching play an important role in determining the heteroexpitaxial growth morphology of GaN. There appears to be no net reduction in the dislocation density for GaN films grown on the Sc layers, because the GaN film has to be grown on a low temperature nucleation layer. RP Koleske, DD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00053 ER PT S AU Wickenden, AE Beadie, G Koleske, DD Rabinovich, WS Freitas, JA AF Wickenden, AE Beadie, G Koleske, DD Rabinovich, WS Freitas, JA BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Persistent photoconductivity in n-type GaN SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB Persistent photoconductivity has been observed in n-type Si-doped GaN grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The effect has been seen both in films which are of electrically high quality, based on low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and Hall analysis, and in films which either appear to be compensated or which exhibit strong donor-acceptor pair recombination. The photoconductivity has been observed to persist for several days at room temperature (300K). Modeling of the resistance recovery by a stretched exponential treatment may suggest a distribution of deep level defect centers in the Si-doped GaN films. RP Wickenden, AE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 531 EP 536 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00080 ER PT S AU Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Freitas, JA AF Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Freitas, JA BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Magnetic resonance studies of high-resistivity GaN films grown on Al2O3 SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB We have made an attempt to obtain electronic and atomic structure information on the residual defects that exist in high-resitivity GaN epitaxial layers from optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) experiments performed on the broad 3.0 and 2.2 eV photoluminescence (PL) bands observed from these films. The first observation of magnetic resonance on this 3.0 eV band reveals two ODMR signals. The first resonance is sharp (FWHM similar to 3.5 mT) with g similar to 1.950 and is assigned to effective-mass (EM) donors based on previous studies. The second feature is much broader (FWHM similar to 18 mT) with a donor-like g-value of similar to 1.977. This new resonance may be associated with partially EM-like donor states located similar to 54 - 57 meV below the conduction band edge proposed recently to be involved in this 3.0 eV PL band. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00082 ER PT S AU Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Nakamura, S AF Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Kennedy, TA Nakamura, S BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Magnetic resonance studies of GaN-based single quantum well leds SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB We report electrically-detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and electroluminescence-detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR) results on InGaN/AlGaN single-quantum-well light emitting diodes. The dominant feature detected by either technique is a broad resonance (Delta B approximate to 13 mT) at g approximate to 2.01 which is enhanced by high current stressing. Our ELDMR measurements show that, depending on bias, this defect is predominately associated with either an increase or a decrease in electroluminescence at resonance while our EDMR measurements show that this resonance is associated with an increase in current at resonance before stressing and a decrease after stressing. We suggest that this is associated with a nonradiative recombination path, in parallel with the radiative recombination path and with recombination in the depletion region of a contact. A second resonance, more prominent before stressing, with g approximate to 1.99 and Delta B similar to 7 mT is very similar to the deep donor trap, previously observed in double heterostructure diodes and is associated with a decrease in both the current and electroluminescence at resonance. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 757 EP 767 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00115 ER PT B AU Zimmerman, S Aldrich, R AF Zimmerman, S Aldrich, R GP LASER INST AMER TI Comparison of divergence measurement techniques for laser light show application SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer RP Zimmerman, S (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00059 ER PT B AU Bowles, J Antoniades, J Baumback, M Grossmann, J Haas, D Palmadesso, P Stracka, J AF Bowles, J Antoniades, J Baumback, M Grossmann, J Haas, D Palmadesso, P Stracka, J BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Real time analysis of hyperspectral data sets using NRL'S ORASIS algorithm SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Spectrometry Conference CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hyperspectral; ATR; real-time processing AB The Covered Lantern project was initiated by the Central MASINT Technology Coordination Office (CMTCO) to demonstrate the tactical use of hyperspectral imagery with real time processing capability. We report on the design and use of the HYCORDER system developed for Covered Lantern that was tested in June 1995. The HYCORDER system consisted of an imaging spectrometer (less than or equal to 1.5 meter GSD) flying in a Pioneer Uncrewed Aeronautical Vehicle (UAV) and a ground based real time analysis and visualization system. The camera was intensified allowing dawn to dusk operation. The spectral information was downlinked to the analysis system as standard analog video. The analysis system was constructed from 17 Texas Instrument C44 DSPs controlled by a 200 MHz Pentium Pro PC. A real time, parallel version of NRL's Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) algorithm was developed for this system. The system was capable of running continuously, allowing for broad area coverage. The algorithm was adaptive, accommodating changing lighting conditions and terrain. The general architecture of the algorithm will be discussed as well as results from the test. RP Bowles, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2540-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3118 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.283841 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ97Y UT WOS:A1997BJ97Y00005 ER PT B AU Olsen, RC Bergman, S Resmini, RG AF Olsen, RC Bergman, S Resmini, RG BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Target detection in a forest environment using spectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Spectrometry Conference CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hyperspectral imagery; target detection AB Spectral imagery from the HYDICE instrument was analyzed for the purpose of target detection and identification. Data in the 0.4 - 2.5 micron wavelength range were acquired during the FOREST RADIANCE data collect. Data were analyzed from an area consisting of grassy fields and forest areas. A variety of targets were deployed in the field, with ground truth spectral measurements made. Analysis of reflectance data utilizing ''ground truth'' and ''in-scene'' spectra was conducted. The former suffered somewhat from inaccuracies in calibration, but training on subsets of the data allowed for relatively successful detection and classification in the remainder of the data. Spectral angle mapper and matched filter techniques were used. Both were successful in locating targets, but the latter seemed to suffer more from ''false positives'', though this may have been a function of thresholds set in the classification process. RP Olsen, RC (reprint author), NAVAL POSTGARD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93950, USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2540-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3118 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1117/12.283842 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ97Y UT WOS:A1997BJ97Y00006 ER PT B AU Collins, BH Olsen, RC Hackwell, J AF Collins, BH Olsen, RC Hackwell, J BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Thermal imagery spectral analysis SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Spectrometry Conference CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hyperspectral; thermal; imagery; spectroscopy; LWIR; emissivity; WESTERN RAINBOW; target detection AB Thermal imagery from the Spatially Enhanced Broadband Array Spectrograph System (SEBASS) was analyzed for target detection purposes. The push-broom sensor was operated as part of the WESTERN RAINBOW experiment in October 1995. Data from 7.8-13.4 microns were collected in 128 wavelength bands, with 128 pixels in the cross-track direction. The data set had a nominal ground-resolution of better than one meter. Analysis techniques normally used in the reflective domain, with traditional imaging spectrometers, were used for the thermal data. Analysis was done in both the radiance and emissivity domains, following careful thermal calibration and atmospheric compensation. The techniques utilized were principal components, spectral angle mapper, and spectral matched filter. All were successful, with the first two showing a success rate comparable to that found in similar experiments in the reflective domain. The principal components technique was successful in discriminating man-made objects and disturbed earth from the desert background, much as expected. It was also successful in distinguishing between different categories of man-made objects. Of the latter two techniques, the spectral matched filter was more successful. This relatively greater success is attributed to the sensitivity of the spectral angle mapper to calibration errors, particularly in the conversion from radiance to emissivity. RP Collins, BH (reprint author), NAVAL POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93934, USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2540-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3118 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.278929 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ97Y UT WOS:A1997BJ97Y00010 ER PT B AU Gao, BC Davis, CO AF Gao, BC Davis, CO BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Development of a line-by-line-based atmosphere removal algorithm for airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Spectrometry Conference CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE imaging spectrometer; atmospheric correction; surface reflectance; hyperspectral imager AB In recent years, spectral imaging data have been acquired with a number of airborne imaging spectrometers. Similar data will soon be collected with the NASA HyperSpectral Imager (HSI) instrument from the Lewis spacecraft. The majority of users of imaging spectrometer data are interested in studying surface properties. The atmospheric absorption and scattering effects must be removed from imaging spectrometer data, so that surface reflectance spectra can be derived. Previously, we developed and updated an operational atmosphere removal algorithm (ATREM), which used the Malkmus narrow band model for modeling atmospheric gaseous transmittances. The narrow band model does a reasonably good job in modeling spectra at a resolution of 10 nm or coarser. Imaging spectrometers with spectral resolutions finer than 10 nm are now available. The narrow band model is not quite suitable for modeling data collected with these spectrometers. In this paper, we describe the development of a line-by-line-based algorithm for removing atmospheric effects from imaging spectrometer data. We also discuss issues related to sampling and spectral resolution. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,CODE 7212,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2540-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3118 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1117/12.283822 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ97Y UT WOS:A1997BJ97Y00013 ER PT B AU Davis, CO Carder, K AF Davis, CO Carder, K BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Requirements driven design of an imaging spectrometer system for characterization of the coastal environment SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Spectrometry Conference CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE coastal; imaging spectrometry; oceanography; optical remote sensing; hyperspectral sensing AB A wide variety of applications of imaging spectrometry have been demonstrated using data from aircraft systems. Based on this experienced we have developed requirements for a satellite imaging spectrometer system to best characterize the littoral environment, for scientific and environmental studies and to meet Naval needs. This paper describes the process for determining those requirements and the resulting Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology (HRST) program. The FIRST spacecraft has a Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS) with adequate spectral and spatial resolution and high signal to noise to provide long term monitoring and real-time characterization of the coastal environment. It includes on-board processing for rapid data analysis and data compression, a large volume recorder, and high speed downlink to handle the required large volumes of data. This is a joint program with an industrial partner, and their commercial remote sensing requirements are included in the system design. RP Davis, CO (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7212,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2540-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3118 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1117/12.283837 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ97Y UT WOS:A1997BJ97Y00032 ER PT S AU Donner, BL ShriverLake, LC McCollum, A Ligler, FS AF Donner, BL ShriverLake, LC McCollum, A Ligler, FS BE Aga, DS Thurman, EM TI Transition from laboratory to on-site environmental monitoring of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using a portable fiber optic biosensor SO IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Immunochemical Technology for Environmental Applications, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-29, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID EVANESCENT-WAVE; TNT AB The detection of the explosive TNT using a fiber optic biosensor has successfully undergone the transition from laboratory analysis to on-site, real time sample monitoring due to advances in miniaturization and portability. A larger ''breadboard'' system capable of monitoring a single probe was replaced by a lightweight, portable sensor that can monitor 4 optical probes simultaneously. This new fiber optic biosensor was taken to two contaminated military bases for on-site testing for TNT in groundwater. Prior to on-site testing, assay variables, including buffers and fluorescence analog concentration, were optimized to permit TNT detection in the 5-20 mu g/L range. In addition, several cross reactivity studies were performed demonstrating interference from TNB, a degradation product of TNT but not the explosive RDX or its degradation product, HMX. C1 GEOCENTERS INC, FT WASHINGTON, MD 20744 USA. USN, RES LAB, US DEPT NAVY, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3487-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 657 BP 198 EP 209 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BH17H UT WOS:A1997BH17H00016 ER PT S AU Bart, JC Judd, LL Hoffman, KE Wilkins, AM Charles, PT Kusterbeck, AW AF Bart, JC Judd, LL Hoffman, KE Wilkins, AM Charles, PT Kusterbeck, AW BE Aga, DS Thurman, EM TI Detection and quantitation of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in groundwater using a continuous flow immunosensor SO IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Immunochemical Technology for Environmental Applications, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-29, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc AB Detection of contaminants in a fast, accurate, and cost-effective manner is the first step in the process of environmental clean-up of hazardous wastes. Processes which utilize the high degree of selectivity for a single analyte afforded by antibodies are called immunoassays, and are currently becoming accepted as alternatives to mon traditional instrumental analytical techniques in environmental testing. One such immunoassay is described here, and data from two on-site field tests of the sensor are compared to the results obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The accuracy and reliability of this sensor is clearly demonstrated. C1 GEOCENTERS INC, FT WASHINGTON, MD 20744 USA. RP Bart, JC (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, US DEPT NAVY, CODE 6910, 4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3487-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 657 BP 210 EP 220 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BH17H UT WOS:A1997BH17H00017 ER PT J AU Robbins, F Hurley, CK Tang, T Yao, HL Liu, YS Wade, J Goeken, N Hartzman, RJ AF Robbins, F Hurley, CK Tang, T Yao, HL Liu, YS Wade, J Goeken, N Hartzman, RJ TI Diversity associated with the second expressed HLA-DRB locus in the human population SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN; BETA PSEUDOGENE; HAPLOTYPE; GENES; DELETION; SYSTEM; CHAIN; NOMENCLATURE; RECOGNITION AB Although diversity within the HLA-DRB region is predominantly focused in the DRB1 gene, the second expressed DRB loci, DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5, also exhibit variation. Within DRB1*15 or DRB1*16 haplotypes, four new variants were identified: 1) two new DRB5 alleles, DRB5*0104 and DRB5*0204, 2) a haplotype carrying a DRB1*15 or *16 allele without the usual accompanying DRB5 allele, and 3) a haplotype carrying a DRB5*0101 allele without a DRB1*15 or *16 allele. The evolutionary origins of these haplotypes were postulated based on their associations with the DRB6 pseudogene. Within HLA haplotypes which carry DRB3, a new DRB3*0205 allele and one unusual DRB3 association were identified. Finally, two new null DRB4 alleles are described: DRB4*0201N, which exhibits a deletion in the second exon, and a second allele, DRB4*null, which lacks the second exon completely. Gene conversion-like events and variation in the number of functional genes through reciprocal recombination and inactivation contribute to the diversity observed in the second expressed HLA-DRB loci. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20889. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. UNIV TORONTO,REG HISTOCOMPATIBIL LAB,TORONTO,ON M5G 2M1,CANADA. UNIV IOWA,VA MED CTR,IOWA CITY,IA 52246. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PY 1997 VL 46 IS 2 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s002510050248 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA XE888 UT WOS:A1997XE88800005 PM 9162096 ER PT S AU AvramovZamurovic, S Oldham, NM Parker, M Waltrip, B AF AvramovZamurovic, S Oldham, NM Parker, M Waltrip, B GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI Low frequency characteristics of thermal voltage converters SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB Low frequency errors of thin-film multijunction thermal voltage converters are estimated using a simple model based on easily measured parameters. The model predictions are verified by measuring the converter's frequency characteristic using a digitally synthesized source. RP AvramovZamurovic, S (reprint author), USN ACAD,WEAPONS & SYST ENGN DEPT,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 731 EP 732 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00143 ER PT B AU Meyer, JR Felix, CL Malin, JI Vurgaftman, I Hoffman, CA Lin, CH Chang, PC Murry, SJ Yang, RQ Pei, SS RamMohan, LR AF Meyer, JR Felix, CL Malin, JI Vurgaftman, I Hoffman, CA Lin, CH Chang, PC Murry, SJ Yang, RQ Pei, SS RamMohan, LR BE Choi, HK Zory, PS TI High-temperature mid-IR type-II quantum well lasers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS: FROM ULTRAVIOLET TO MIDINFRARED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers - From Ultraviolet to Midinfrared CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE mid-IR; type-II quantum wells; Auger recombination; interband cascade laser AB A series of optically-pumped type-II quantum well lasers with emission wavelengths between 3.2 mu m and 4.5 mu m have displayed stimulated emission up to ambient operating temperatures. The 4-constituent design combines the advantages of excellent carrier confinement, potential for significant Auger suppression, and a 2D density-of-states for both electrons and holes. For a device emitting at 4.5 mu m, the characteristic temperature was 41 K and a peak output power exceeding 2 W/facet was observed at 200 K. Auger coefficients extracted from the threshold pump intensity confirm that Auger losses at 300 K were suppressed by at least a factor of two. We also discuss modeling results for a type-II interband cascade laser structure which is predicted to yield much higher output powers and operating temperatures than conventional bipolar diode lasers, as well as lower threshold currents than the intersubband quantum cascade laser. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), NAVAL RES LAB,CODE 5610,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2412-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3001 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1117/12.273800 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH84D UT WOS:A1997BH84D00033 ER PT B AU Pritchard, PH Ho, YF Yang, YJ Mueller, JG Willumsen, P AF Pritchard, PH Ho, YF Yang, YJ Mueller, JG Willumsen, P GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Diversity of PAH-degrading isolates from soil SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL RES COUNCIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. US EPA,SBP TECHNOL INC,GULF BREEZE,FL. NATL ENVIRONM RES INST,ROSKILDE,DENMARK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00059 ER PT B AU Cifuentes, LA Downer, R Roelke, LA Salata, GG Coffin, RB Kelley, CA Trust, BA AF Cifuentes, LA Downer, R Roelke, LA Salata, GG Coffin, RB Kelley, CA Trust, BA GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Comparing stable carbon isotope tracers at two bioremediation sites SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. FINNIGAN INC,AUSTIN,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00077 ER PT B AU Boyd, TJ Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ AF Boyd, TJ Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Utilization rates of benzene and toluene from a BTEX-contaminated aquifer SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB A method for determining biodegradation kinetics of petroleum derived hydrocarbons in natural water samples was developed and applied to samples from a BTEX-contaminated aquifer. It is a modification of standard methods in which C-14-labeled substrates are incubated in natural samples and (CO2)-C-14 is measured to determine total utilization. As with other methods, this modification allows measurement of utilization and uptake, but it measures the remaining substrate and polar metabolic intermediates formed during biodegradation. The fate of the isotopic tracer is determined by mass balance. This method was applied to groundwater samples collected from a BTEX-contaminated aquifer in Port Hueneme, CA under the SERDP-CU030 project. Samples were collected just below the water table and used to determine the effects of a vertical groundwater circulation well on turnover rates of the contaminants by natural microbial assemblages. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00094 ER PT B AU Lunardini, R Davidson, M Belcher, D Dooley, M AF Lunardini, R Davidson, M Belcher, D Dooley, M GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Demonstration of natural attenuation at a CERCLA site SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 ABB ENVIRONM SERV INC,TALLAHASSEE,FL. USN,FACIL ENGN COMMAND,SO DIV,N CHARLESTON,SC. ABB ENVIRONM SERV INC,WAKEFIELD,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 231 EP 231 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00057 ER PT B AU Coffin, RB Montgomery, MT Kelley, CA Cifuentes, LA AF Coffin, RB Montgomery, MT Kelley, CA Cifuentes, LA GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Assessment of nutrient-contaminant carbon ratios for enhancing in situ bioremediation SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 297 EP 297 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00069 ER PT B AU Ting, RY Howarth, TR AF Ting, RY Howarth, TR BE Sater, JM TI Developing 1-3 piezocomposites for large-area smart skin applications SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, at Smart Structures and Materials 1997 Meeting CY MAR 04-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab DE piezocomposite; underwater acoustics; smart structure; actuator; sensors AB New 1-3 piezocomposite materials have been investigated for potential underwater smart skin applications. PZT-5N was used as the ceramic phase in the composite whereas two types of polyurethane resins of different hardness were used as the matrix of the composite in order to assess the effect of the compliance of the host matrix material. The effect of a thin, rigid cover plate was also examined in this study. Measurement results from in-water acoustical evaluation of a series of 25.4 cm x 25.4 cm panels of these 1-3 composite samples are presented. The transmitting voltage response (TVR), free-field voltage sensitivity (FFVS) and directivity pattern of each panel were shown as a function of frequency. The effect of underwater explosive shock tvas also investigated, and it was found that neither the acoustical properties nor the mechanical integrity of the panel structure was adversely affected, These results demonstrated that these new 1-3 piezocomposites are potentially useful for smart skin applications in underwater acoustics. RP Ting, RY (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,UNDERWATER SOUND REFERENCE DETACHMENT,NEWPORT DIV,ORLANDO,FL 32856, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2457-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3044 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.274659 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH98C UT WOS:A1997BH98C00015 ER PT B AU Putnam, MA Askins, CG Smith, G Friebele, EJ AF Putnam, MA Askins, CG Smith, G Friebele, EJ BE Sater, JM TI Method for recoating fiber Bragg gratings with polyimide SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, at Smart Structures and Materials 1997 Meeting CY MAR 04-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab DE fiber optic sensors; fiber optic splicing; strain sensors; polyimide coating; fiber recoating AB A new technique for recoating optical fiber with a polyimide jacket is demonstrated. Single layer coatings of 7 mu m, and double layers of 15 mu m have been applied to 125 mu m fiber. The coatings are uniform and concentric, and can be applied with no loss of original fiber strength. The technique accommodates multiple fiber diameters without the need for interchanging parts. RP Putnam, MA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2457-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3044 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1117/12.274679 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH98C UT WOS:A1997BH98C00035 ER PT B AU Corsaro, RD Houston, B Klunder, JD AF Corsaro, RD Houston, B Klunder, JD BE Sater, JM TI Integrated smart actuator containing a monolithic co-formed accelerometer SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, at Smart Structures and Materials 1997 Meeting CY MAR 04-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab DE smart actuator; accelerometer; velocity sensor AB A general need exists for inexpensive finite-area transducer arrays which intrinsically combine acoustic or vibration sensing with area actuation. Such combination transducers are particularly needed in active sound and vibration control and smart-materials applications. Commercial areas of interest include advanced underwater, aerospace or robotic-sensing applications. To be economically attractive they must be relatively simple to manufacture from reasonable cost materials. One promising new technology for such applications is injection-molded 1-3 composite piezo-ceramics, pioneered by Material Systems Inc. (MSI). This transducer material is well suited for use as the low-cost actuator component of such a smart actuator. The challenge of this study was to design an inexpensive accelerometer which could be injection molded along with the actuator as an interspersed array. This paper describes a monolithic accelerometer which is suitable for fabrication by injection-molding as an integrated co-formed actuator component. Experimental results are presented for actuator / accelerometer arrays and issues related to the design and use of accelerometers in close proximity to an actuator are discussed. RP Corsaro, RD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7130,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2457-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3044 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1117/12.274683 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH98C UT WOS:A1997BH98C00040 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG McDermott, SH AF DeGiorgi, VG McDermott, SH BE Sater, JM TI Structural and performance predictions for an active composite panel SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, at Smart Structures and Materials 1997 Meeting CY MAR 04-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab DE smart structures; smart materials; piezoelectric; finite element AB Successful use of smart materials or devices requires an understanding of the performance characteristics of the combination cf smart and passive components. Synergistic material and geometric interactions often produce complex performance characteristics. Computational simulations which explicitly include material components are often required for accurate performance predictions. A performance evaluation is completed for a multilayered composite panel designed for acoustic suppression. The panel contains multiple pistons. Each piston consists of an array of actuators which support an alumina head mass plate. The alumina plate is designed to deliver uniform displacement with movement of the actuators. The panel design features a graphite composite box which functions as both a base plate for the active panel and as housing for the power electronics required for plate activation ABAQUS, a commercial finite element code, is used for deformation and structural integrity analyses. Performance issues addressed, are: Final surface displacement and flatness of the top surface. Loss of actuator authority resulting from intermediate layers of passive materials. Changes in performance due to changes in interfacial layer characteristics. Changes in performance due to changes in operating temperatures. Internal stress and strain levels in each of the component materials. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MECH MAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2457-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3044 BP 422 EP 432 DI 10.1117/12.274661 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH98C UT WOS:A1997BH98C00043 ER PT S AU Meyer, JR Felix, CL Malin, JI Vurgaftman, I Lin, CH Yang, RQ Pei, SS RamMohan, LR AF Meyer, JR Felix, CL Malin, JI Vurgaftman, I Lin, CH Yang, RQ Pei, SS RamMohan, LR BE Manaasreh, MO Myers, TH Julien, FH TI IR sources and modulators based on InAs/GaSb/AlSb-family quantum wells SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors - Materials, Processing and Devices, at 1996 MRS Fall Meeting / 1996 International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We review recent applications of wavefunction engineering to the design of antimonide quantum heterostructures with favorable properties for infrared devices. Examples include electro-optical and all-optical modulators based on Gamma-L intervalley transfer, type-II quantum well lasers with enhanced gain per injected carrier, and type-II interband cascade lasers predicted to combine low thresholds and high output powers. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5613,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-354-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 450 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BH52B UT WOS:A1997BH52B00004 ER PT S AU Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Holm, RT Glembocki, OJ Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Butler, JE AF Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Holm, RT Glembocki, OJ Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Butler, JE BE Manaasreh, MO Myers, TH Julien, FH TI Characterization of the CH4/H-2/Ar high density plasma etch process for HgCdTe SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors - Materials, Processing and Devices, at 1996 MRS Fall Meeting / 1996 International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB High density plasma etching of Hg1-xCdxTe in a CH4/H-2/Ar chemistry is examined using mass spectroscopy with careful surface temperature monitoring. The dominant etch products are monitored as a function of surface temperature (15-200 degrees C), ion energy (20-200 eV), total pressure (0.5-5 mTorr), microwave power (200-400 W), and flow fraction of methane in the etch gas mixture (0-30%). In addition, observations are made regarding the regions of parameter space which are best suited to anisotropic, low damage etch processing. These observations are compared with previous results in the form of scanning electron micrographs of etched features for anisotropy evaluation and Hall effect measurements for residual damage. Insights to the overall etch mechanism are given. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-354-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 450 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BH52B UT WOS:A1997BH52B00037 ER PT B AU Gao, BC Davis, CO Kaufman, YJ AF Gao, BC Davis, CO Kaufman, YJ BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI Thin cirrus detection and correction of thin cirrus path radiances using near-IR channels near 1.375-mu m SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing, at SPIEs Annual Meeting CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE imaging spectrometer; cirrus detection; cirrus correction AB Through analysis of spectral imaging data acquired with the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) from an ER-2 aircraft at 20 km altitude, it was found that narrow channels near the center of the strong 1.38-mu m water vapor band are very sensitive in detecting thin cirrus clouds over different geographical regions. Based on this observation from AVIRIS data, a channel centered at 1.375 mu m with a width of 30 nm was selected for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) for remote sensing of cirrus clouds from space. The sensitivity of this channel to detect thin cirrus clouds during the day time is expected to be one to two orders of magnitude better than the current infrared emission techniques. As a result, much larger fraction of the satellite data is expected to be identified as being covered by cirrus clouds. In order to make better studies of surface reflectance properties, thin cirrus effects must be removed from satellite images. We have developed an empirical algorithm for removing/correcting thin cirrus effects in the 0.4 - 1.0 mu m region using channels near 1.375 mu m This algorithm will be incorporated into the present MODIS atmospheric correction algorithms for ocean color and land applications. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,CODE 7212,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2544-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3122 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.292692 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90W UT WOS:A1997BJ90W00008 ER PT B AU Bendall, CS Bull, HT Wallin, DD Caulfield, JT AF Bendall, CS Bull, HT Wallin, DD Caulfield, JT BE Andresen, BF Strojnik, M TI Correlation between intensity fluctuations in the mid and long IR bands for near sea transmission paths SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII Conference CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE turbulence; correlation; mid infrared; long infrared; over water AB This paper describes the results of an experiment to measure the correlation between the atmospheric turbulence induced intensity fluctuations in the mid and long IR bands for transmission paths appropriate to the IRS&T. A DF laser operating at 3.8 microns and a CO2 laser operating at 9.24 microns served as the mid and long IR sources. The experiments were conducted on a 16km transmission path over the Chesapeake Bay. Data was obtained under a variety turbulence strengths including the transition between weak and strong turbulence. The experimental correlations values were compared to the predictions of a weak turbulence model. Dispersion between the indices of refraction at 3.8 microns and 9.24 microns appears to be responsible for significant disagreement between the measured and predicted results. Possible applications of the correlation for the IRS&T are briefly discussed. RP Bendall, CS (reprint author), USN,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RDT&E DIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2476-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3061 BP 455 EP 466 DI 10.1117/12.280364 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ64N UT WOS:A1997BJ64N00049 ER PT B AU Horman, SR Zurasky, MW Talamonti, JJ Hepfer, KC AF Horman, SR Zurasky, MW Talamonti, JJ Hepfer, KC BE Andresen, BF Strojnik, M TI Uniformity compensation for high quantum efficiency focal plane arrays SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII Conference CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE focal plane array; nonuniformity compensation; dither scan; frame rate; seeker; tracker; imager AB NSWCDD has developed a new nonuniformity correction (NUC) technique that has been demonstrated to significantly reduce both fixed pattern and temporal noise in sensors using high quantum efficiency (QE) infrared (PR) staring focal plane arrays (FPA). Sensors using this technique have been shown to have good response in every pixel, i.e., there are no dead or anomalously noisy pixels anywhere in the field of view (FOV). This technique will also enable development of sensors with very small apertures as well as those which can dynamically trade off sensitivity, resolution and frame rate. In addition, effective yield of detector production will be enhanced, since these benefits can be obtained using arrays that would be rejected Car most applications, were conventional NUC used, This technique has been demonstrated to work as specified through analysis of rear time data. A high performance, concept demonstration sensor, is in the final stages of acceptance testing, with delivery planned for April 1997. RP Horman, SR (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2476-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3061 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1117/12.280367 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ64N UT WOS:A1997BJ64N00052 ER PT B AU Merritt, RG AF Merritt, RG GP INST ENVIRONM SCI TI A stochastic model for the pulse method .2. Random part SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Technical Meeting on Integrated Product Development CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Inst Environm Sci DE zero-memory nonlinear systems; nonlinear models; non-Gaussian; transient AB This paper provides a stochastic model for the Pulse Method (PM) referenced in MIL-STD-810E utilizing a zero-memory nonlinear system (ZMNS) formulation. In general, when a zero mean stationary Gaussian process with a specified autospectral density function (ASD) passes through a ZMNS, the stationary process is transformed into another stationary process with different probability density function (PDF) moments and a different ASD. It is generally quite easy to determine a ZMNS which can model a given stationary time history with specified low order moments and ASD. Reference 1 utilizes ZMNS's for purposes of time history PDF transformation on stationary processes. This paper utilizes the results of reference 1 to generate zero mean, unit variance stationary random processes with a specified normalized skew, normalized kurtosis and ASD. (From now on in this paper when skew and kurtosis is mentioned it is assumed that normalized skew and normalized kurtosis defined in Appendix A is being referred to.) Such processes then may be enveloped to provide a stochastic model for the PM with specified skew, kurtosis and ASD since skew, kurtosis and ASD should be theoretically invariant under enveloping (i.e., variance scaling) at each time t. If the measured field data has the form of an ensemble with a known time varying deterministic component the results of this paper provide only for modeling the residual ensemble (data ensemble minus the deterministic time history) with no provision made for adding the deterministic component to the residual ensemble. RP Merritt, RG (reprint author), USN,WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,ENVIRONM ENGN SECT,COMMANDER CODE 473140D,MS 223D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 BN 1-877862-55-X PY 1997 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ09L UT WOS:A1997BJ09L00020 ER PT J AU Carter, AC Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chang, WT AF Carter, AC Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chang, WT TI Pulsed laser deposition of ferroelectric thin films for room temperature active microwave electronics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp DE ferroelectric thin films; BST; KTN; pulsed laser deposition; microwave devices; tunable capacitor; loss tangent; grain size AB Single phase, (100) oriented Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto (100) LaAlO3, SrTiO3, MgO substrates and single crystal (100) Ag films. Single phase, (100) oriented KTa0.6Nb0.4O3 films have been grown on (100) SrTiO3 and MgO. The dielectric properties of these films were measured as a function of DC bias at 1 MHz and 1 to 20 GHz. The 1 MHz measurements were made as a function of temperature between 30-350 K and the 1 to 20 GHz measurements were made at room temperature. Dielectric properties were measured using interdigitated and parallel plate capacitors. A 75% change in the capacitance was achieved using a 40 V bias across a 5 mu m interdigitated capacitor gap (80 kV/cm). Capacitors with high tuning were always accompanied by low Q's (similar to 10's). Conversely, capacitor Q's in excess of 500 were observed but these films had poor tuning. Deposited films were annealed over a temperature range of 900 to 1250 C for 8 to 12 hours. Post annealing the films generally improved both the Q and percent tuning and indicates a direction for further dielectric film improvement. RP Carter, AC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1080/10584589708013002 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YF222 UT WOS:A1997YF22200028 ER PT J AU Knauss, LA Horwitz, JS Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB Mueller, CH Treece, R AF Knauss, LA Horwitz, JS Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB Mueller, CH Treece, R TI Dielectric properties of SrTiO3 thin films with Ca and Zr partial substitutions for active microwave applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED LASER DEPOSITION AB The structure and dielectric properties of SrTiO3 thin films with either 5% Ca or Zr substitutions have been investigated. Thin films of these materials were deposited onto (100) LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at temperatures of 750 degrees C in 350 mTorr of oxygen. As-deposited films, characterized by x-ray diffraction, were single phase and well oriented with omega - scan widths of < 0.2 degrees for the (002) reflection. The capacitance and dissipation factor were measured at 1 MHz to 1 GHz for the deposited films as a function of temperature and electric field (80 kV/cm) using Ag interdigital capacitors deposited on top of the SrTiO3 films. For unsubstituted SrTiO3, a peak in the capacitance vs. temperature curve was observed at similar to 60K. The temperature dependence of the dissipation factor was similar and also exhibited a maximum at SOK with a value of 0.025. A 50% change in the capacitance can be achieved for the SrTiO3 film at similar to 80 kV/cm. Substitution of 5% Ca on the Sr site does not change the temperature dependence of the capacitance but leads to an increase in dissipation factor at 60 K to similar to 0.05. In addition, the capacitance decreases more rapidly with lower electric fields for partial Ca substitution compared to pure SrTiO3. Substitution of 5% Zr for Ti leads to a dramatic reduction in the capacitance and correspondingly, the field dependence of the capacitance. However, the Zr substituted films have extremely low losses, similar to 0.004. The ability to control both the magnitude of the dielectric constant and the losses will make these materials useful for frequency-tunable active microwave applications. C1 SCT,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Knauss, LA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,NRC,CODE 6672,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1-4 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1080/10584589708015708 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR715 UT WOS:A1997WR71500019 ER PT S AU Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM AF Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM BE Burko, LM Ori, A TI Applying a stability conjecture to plane-wave cauchy horizons SO INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF BLACK HOLES AND SPACETIME SINGULARITIES SE ANNALS OF THE ISRAEL PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Research Workshop on Internal Structure of Black Holes and Spacetime Singularities CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 1997 CL HAIFA, ISRAEL SP Israel Phys Soc, Technion, Dept Phys AB Plane-wave spacetimes and their accompanying Cauchy horizons are discussed. The behavior of test fields (scalar, electromagnetic, and null dust) is investigated along with corresponding exact solutions to the field equations. These results are used to test a previously-developed stability conjecture and a stability theorem given. It is shown that the stability conjecture reliably indicates Ricci-tensor singularities, but that it can miss Weyl-tensor singularities. This is not a problem in the case of plane waves as long as no Weyl-tensor singularities are inadvertantly introduced on the initial-value surface. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Konkowski, DA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0309-8710 BN 0-7503-0548-7 J9 ANN ISR PHY PY 1997 VL 13 BP 131 EP 141 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL34N UT WOS:000075211500006 ER PT B AU Kaplan, DJ AF Kaplan, DJ BE Rozenblit, J Ewing, T Schulz, S TI An introduction to the processing graph method SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 24-28, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Engn Comp Based Syst, Univ Arizona AB The Processing Graph Method (PGM) technology is a paradigm that provides the engineer/system designer with an environment to specify and maintain applications in a form which is invariant over a wide range of MIMD message passing parallel architectures. We will give the reader the flavor of this approach by providing a description of an application; illustrating how that application is represented; showing typical results obtained by running the application; providing a short description of the atoms that are used to build the application; and providing a shore discussion of the technical issues to which PGM must respond. RP Kaplan, DJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5583,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7890-9 PY 1997 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1109/ECBS.1997.581786 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH45H UT WOS:A1997BH45H00008 ER PT S AU Dixon, DS AF Dixon, DS GP INST ELECT ENGINEERS INST ELECT ENGINEERS TI Military use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment: Updated E-3 concerns SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY SE IEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY SEP 01-03, 1997 CL UNIV WARWICK, COVENTRY, ENGLAND SP Inst Elect Engineers, Electr Div, EMC Test Labs Assoc, EUREL, IEEE, UKRI Sect, Inst Marine Engineers, Inst Phys, Inst Electr & Inc Elect Engineers, Inst Mech Engineers, Inst Phys & Engn Med & Biol, Soc Environm Engineers, UKAS HO UNIV WARWICK AB The use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment on military platforms is expected to significantly increase as Secretary of Defense William Ferry's acquisition reform initiative continues to be implemented. Recent COTS installations on military platforms have demonstrated both the expected performance and time-to-develop improvements, as well as some unexpected problems due to electromagnetic environmental effects (E-3) emission or susceptibility problems. Rapid response electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction teams have been able to successfully apply traditional Department of Defense E-3 installation and design techniques to restore some of the system performance. These lessons-learned experiences have shown that program managers can neither ignore E-3 requirements nor simply specify existing commercial EMI requirements. To minimize the potential negatives die to the use of COTS equipment, it is necessary to analyze the causes of the existing problems and develop a methodology to minimize or eliminate similar E-3 problems on future military platforms. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Dixon, DS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS INSPEC INC PI EDISON PA 379 THORNALL ST, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA SN 0537-9989 BN 0-85296-695-4 J9 IEE CONF PUBL PY 1997 IS 445 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK42H UT WOS:000072111300006 ER PT B AU Therrien, CW Scrofani, JW Krebs, WK AF Therrien, CW Scrofani, JW Krebs, WK GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI An adaptive technique for the enhanced fusion of low-light visible with uncooled thermal infrared imagery SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A new algorithm is introduced that performs spatially adaptive enhancement on low-light visible and infrared images of the same scene and fusion of these into one composite image. The algorithm involves low-pass/high-pass filtering and simple nonlinear operations that can be table driven. Examples of the processing on image data collected in field tests are given. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90C UT WOS:A1997BJ90C00103 ER PT B AU Moni, S AF Moni, S GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI A tree structured, wavelet-based stochastic process for fast image processing SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We propose a technique for fast image processing based on predicting the scale-space locations of the large wavelet coefficients. A statistical wavelet-based image model is proposed, and bounds are derived for the fast processing method applied to an image obeying this model. RP Moni, S (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 227 EP 229 DI 10.1109/ICIP.1997.638726 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90B UT WOS:A1997BJ90B00058 ER PT B AU KamgarParsi, B KamgarParsi, B Rosenfeld, A AF KamgarParsi, B KamgarParsi, B Rosenfeld, A GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Optimum Laplacian for digital image processing SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Spatially quantized approximations of the Laplacian used in digital image processing are not rotationally invariant. We examine the anisotropy of 3x3 Laplacian operators for images quantized in square pixels, and derive, from optimizing criteria, the operator which has the minimum overall anisotropy. RP KamgarParsi, B (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 728 EP 731 DI 10.1109/ICIP.1997.638599 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90B UT WOS:A1997BJ90B00184 ER PT B AU Hewer, G Kenney, C Peterson, L VanNevel, A AF Hewer, G Kenney, C Peterson, L VanNevel, A GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Applied partial differential variational techniques SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We review and present examples for two new image processing methods based on scale space evolution under partial differential operators. These operators arise from minimizing variational objective functions and from a novel approach that respects the discrete nature of real images. The first method considered is a variational approach (developed by Hewer et al.) that provides a closed-form expression for the optimal boundary function. This method gives good results with a 2-norm penalty term for approximation error and a I-norm smoothness term; in this case there is a strong connection with total variation methods. The second method is a peer group averaging approach (developed by Hewer et al.) that smooths the image without blurring edges. This is accomplished by averaging over window pixels with nearly the same intensity; these pixels are the 'peer group' of the window's central pixel. The direct correspondence between the object characteristics and the parameters of peer goup size and window diameter make the parameter selection easier for peer group averaging than for standard variational methods. These methods are used in combination with PGA providing the initial approximation for the variational descent procedure. This is applied to real image examples and compared to existing methods including a new level-set histogram modification method (developed by Caselles ct al.) that treats connected level-sets of pixels as individual units. RP Hewer, G (reprint author), USN,CTR WEAP,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90D UT WOS:A1997BJ90D00095 ER PT B AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI A new approach to global motion compensation which reduces video encoding complexity SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB To reduce the complexity of a video encoder, we introduce a new approach to global motion compensation related to the conventional hybrid DPCM-transform method in which the motion compensation is performed outside the feedback loop. This method is potentially useful in a variety of situations, but we focus here on an area of great interest to us-its application to the problem of video compression from remote airborne platforms. While the basic idea is conceptually similar to the pan compensation proposed by Taubman and Zakhor for their 3D subband coder, our method continually tracks and updates the image in the feedback loop in the same way as a conventional hybrid system. Using both residual energy and reconstruction error as metrics, we show that the new motion compensation scheme compares very favorably to the conventional one. We also discuss how one can achieve subpixel interpolation within the proposed framework. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 634 EP 637 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90D UT WOS:A1997BJ90D00161 ER PT B AU Petit, G AF Petit, G BE Arabnia, HR TI A comparative study of data-sharing software packages on a CRAY T3D SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 97) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Tech, N Amer Transputer Users Grp, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, US DOE, Natl Super Comp Ctr Energy & Environm AB In this paper I compare the performance of four data-sharing packages using a GRAY Research T3D computer The four packages compared are: GRAY Research Adaptive ForTran (CRAFT), The GRAY T3D Shared Memory (SHMEM) library, The Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) library, and The Message-Passing Interface (MPI) library. I ran each package using three programs which represent different levels of data-sharing complexity; minimal, moderate and excessive. Each implementation was run using 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 processors. The results show that CRAFT performed marginally better for minimal data-sharing, the SHMEM library performed marginally better for moderate data-sharing and significantly better for excessive data-sharing. Of the public-domain packages, MPI and PVM, their performance was equivalent for minimal and moderate data-sharing programs, while MPI performed better than PVM for excessive data sharing. C1 TROY Syst Inc, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, ASECC Facil, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Petit, G (reprint author), TROY Syst Inc, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, ASECC Facil, Bldg 112, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 0-9648666-8-4 PY 1997 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR81J UT WOS:000167624100027 ER PT B AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF BE Harrold, MJ Visaggio, G TI Measuring and evaluating maintenance process using reliability, risk, and test metrics SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Maintenance CY OCT 01-03, 1997 CL BARI, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, Assoc Comp Machinery, Univ Bari, CRIM, InfoCamere, Netsiel, O Grp, Software Maintenance News, Sogei, Telecom Italia AB In analyzing the stability of a maintenance process, it is important that it not be treated in isolation from the reliability and risk of deploying the software that result from applying the process. Furthermore, we need to consider the efficiency of the test effort that is a part of the process and a determinate of reliability and risk of deployment. Therefore, we integrated these factors into a unified approach. Our contribution to maintenance is the integration and measurement of these factors so that the influence of maintenance actions and test effort on the reliability of the software and the risk of deploying it can be assessed. We use a safety critical application of National visibility - the NASA Space Shuttle - as an example application of the unified approach. RP Schneidewind, NF (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,CODE SMSS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8013-X PY 1997 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1109/ICSM.1997.624250 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ76Y UT WOS:A1997BJ76Y00027 ER PT B AU Rosenblum, LJ AF Rosenblum, LJ GP INT SOC VAIRTUAL SYST & MULTIMEDIA TI VR systems: Out from the laboratory SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL SYSTEMS AND MULTIMEDIA - VSMM'97, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Virtual Systems and MultiMedia (VSMM 97) CY SEP 10-12, 1997 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP Univ Geneva, Univ Geneva, Int Soc Virtual Syst & MultiMedia, Int Federat Informat Proc, Comp Graph Soc AB In spite of the large amount of ''hype'' that accompanied virtual reality (VR) earlier this decade, the field has produced only a few examples of demonstrably useful systems. Systems must be fielded and validated to show that VR is useful for purposes other than academic research. This paper discusses two VR systems developed at the Naval Research Laboratory that have received validation by statistical analysis or by user acceptance. One system focuses on experiments in shipboard firefighting to verify the effectiveness of VR as a mission planning tool. Using trained U.S. Navy firefighters, we conducted a shipboard experiment. The VR-trained firefighters performed significantly better on both navigation and firefighting tasks. The second system involved developing an application using NRL's VR Responsive Workbench to provide situational awareness inside a U.S. Marine Corps combat operations center (COC). This system has been called a major advance that is likely to eliminate paper maps in the COC. RP Rosenblum, LJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,CODE 5580,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8150-0 PY 1997 BP 214 EP 217 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BJ68X UT WOS:A1997BJ68X00028 ER PT J AU Wiegmann, DA Shappell, SA AF Wiegmann, DA Shappell, SA TI Human factors analysis of postaccident data: Applying theoretical taxonomies of human error SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Human error is involved in nearly all aviation accidents, yet most accident reporting systems are not currently designed around any theoretical human-error framework. As a result, subsequent postaccident databases generally are not conducive to traditional human factors analysis, making the identification of interventions extremely difficult. To address this issue, this study utilized 3 conceptual models of information processing and human error to reorganize the human factors database associated with U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aviation accidents between 1977-1992. All 3 taxonomies were able to accommodate well over three quarters of the pilot-causal factors contained in the database. Examinations of the recoded data revealed that procedural and response-execution errors were most common, followed by errors in judgment. However, judgment errors were more frequently associated with major than with minor accidents. Minor accidents, on the other hand, were associated more with procedural errors than were major accidents. This investigation demonstrates that existing postaccident databases can be reorganized using conceptual human-error frameworks, which may allow for previously unforeseen trends to be identified. C1 USN,NORFOLK,VA. RP Wiegmann, DA (reprint author), UNIV N FLORIDA,DEPT PSYCHOL,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32224, USA. NR 11 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 10 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 67 EP 81 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA WK920 UT WOS:A1997WK92000004 ER PT J AU Stout, RJ Salas, E Kraiger, K AF Stout, RJ Salas, E Kraiger, K TI The role of trainee knowledge structures in aviation team environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCKPIT MANAGEMENT ATTITUDES AB The importance of having well-developed knowledge structures to enhance complex team performance has been recently indicated in the training effectiveness literature. This work tested that proposition within an aviation team training setting. Results suggested that aviation team training improved the knowledge structures of those participants who received the training. Knowledge structure data also provided information related to the training that was not available from more traditional measures of learning. Finally, results obtained from the knowledge structure measures were consistent with performance results, suggesting that knowledge structure measures are a potentially valid predictor of performance. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80202. RP Stout, RJ (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,TRAINING SYST DIV,AVIAT TEAM TRAINING LAB,CODE 4961,ORLANDO,FL 32826, USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0703_4 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA XH509 UT WOS:A1997XH50900004 PM 11540942 ER PT J AU Shappell, SA Wiegmann, DA AF Shappell, SA Wiegmann, DA TI A human error approach to accident investigation: The taxonomy of unsafe operations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Human error continues to be implicated in the vast majority of aviation accidents. Yet, most accident investigation and reporting systems are not currently designed around any theoretical framework of human error. One reason may be the discontinuity between classical theories of human error and the practical application of these theoretical approaches in accident investigation. The Taxonomy of Unsafe Operations presented here bridges the gap between theory and practice by providing field investigators with a user-friendly, common-sense framework from which accident investigations can be conducted and human causal factors classified. This taxonomy draws upon traditional models of human error to account for human accident causal factors, including the condition of operators and supervisory error. A detailed description of the taxonomy is provided, as well as a discussion of the benefits it provides the field of accident investigation and prevention. C1 UNIV N FLORIDA,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32224. RP Shappell, SA (reprint author), USN,SAFETY CTR,375 A ST,NORFOLK,VA 23511, USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 10 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 269 EP 291 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0704_2 PG 23 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA YC522 UT WOS:A1997YC52200002 ER PT J AU Newberry, CF Ahmadi, AR Schoenung, JM Garner, VH LeBel, AA McNally, DJ AF Newberry, Conrad F. Ahmadi, Ali R. Schoenung, Julie M. Garner, Van H. LeBel, Alice A. McNally, David J. TI The Development of a Mature External Master's Degree Program in Aeronautical Engineering: A University/Industry Partnership SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB In the summer of 1984 the Northrop Grumman Corporation notified California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly, Pomona; CSPUP) that the CSPUP proposal for an on-site external Master's degree program had been accepted. This paper reviews the development of this program, admission requirements, course offerings, annual quality reviews (by both Northrop Grumman and Cal Poly, Pomona), fee assessments, matriculation summaries, evolutionary program changes and keys to the program's success. Since its inception in the fall of 1984, the program has evolved and matured in terms of curriculum development, student advising and degree requirements into a highly successful, streamlined and focused graduate aeronautical engineering external degree program. Possible changes in the program's future direction(s) are also discussed. C1 [Newberry, Conrad F.; Ahmadi, Ali R.; Schoenung, Julie M.; Garner, Van H.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [LeBel, Alice A.; McNally, David J.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Hawthorne, CA USA. RP Newberry, CF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 285 EP 303 PG 19 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA V11NW UT WOS:000207539300007 ER PT J AU Carreras, F Owen, G AF Carreras, F Owen, G TI Automorphisms and weighted values SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GAME THEORY LA English DT Article AB The notion of automorphism is an essential tool to capture the meaning of any mathematical structure. We apply this idea to cooperative games and obtain two interesting characterizations of the automorphisms of such a game: the one, in the complete case, as the permutations of players which preserve the (classical) Shapley value; the other, for the general case, as the permutations preserving all weighted Shapley values. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT MATH,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP Carreras, F (reprint author), SCH IND ENGN,DEPT MATH APPL,POB 577,TERRASSA 08220,BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHYSICA VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0020-7276 J9 INT J GAME THEORY JI Int. J. Game Theory PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/BF01262508 PG 10 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA WM480 UT WOS:A1997WM48000001 ER PT J AU Baek, SW Kim, TY Kaplan, CR AF Baek, SW Kim, TY Kaplan, CR TI Ignition phenomenon of solid fuel in a confined rectangular enclosure SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB In this study the ignition model of a PMMA (polymethyl-methacrylate) wall has been proposed in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure when it is initially exposed to a high-temperature source. The effect of surface radiation has been taken into account. It was found that the transient development of thermo-fluid fields was strongly governed by wall heating due to surface radiation. In particular, the rapid heating of the adiabatic floor made the flow very unstable, creating complex secondary recirculating flows. Depending on the hot source temperature, the ignition process was controlled either by mixing and transport of fuel vapor and oxidizer in the vicinity of the hot wall, or by infiltration of hot air into the region near the PMMA wall. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN,RES LAB,TECHNOL CTR SAFETY SURVIVABIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Baek, SW (reprint author), KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,YUSUNG KU,373-1 GUSUNG DONG,TAEJON 305701,SOUTH KOREA. RI Baek, Seung Wook/C-1925-2011 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA VG487 UT WOS:A1997VG48700008 ER PT J AU KamgarParsi, B Johnson, B Folds, DL Belcher, EO AF KamgarParsi, B Johnson, B Folds, DL Belcher, EO TI High-resolution underwater acoustic imaging with lens-based systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic imaging; acoustic lens; underwater imaging ID RECONSTRUCTION AB In recent years, several sonars designed for high-resolution, short-range underwater imaging have been developed, These imaging systems use an acoustic lens to focus the incoming waves on an array of transducers. In this article we describe three prototype systems that use a line-focus or a point-focus lens and operate at a frequency of 300 kHz or 3 MHz. The line-locus lens produces two-dimensional (2D) intensity images, while the point-focus lens produces 3D intensity images. We present sample images taken from moving and stationary platforms, and discuss the techniques used for processing the acoustic backscatter data to reconstruct and visualize the scene. The images, particularly those taken with a point focus lens, show a remarkable degree of detail. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN,EXPLOS ORDNANCE DISPOSAL TECHNOL DIV,INDIAN HEAD,MD 20640. ULTRAACOUST INC,WOODSTOCK,GA 30188. UNIV WASHINGTON,APPL PHYS LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98105. RP KamgarParsi, B (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1098(1997)8:4<377::AID-IMA4>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XR426 UT WOS:A1997XR42600004 ER PT J AU Dickinson, DL Wilson, LT AF Dickinson, DL Wilson, LT TI The effect of impact orientation on the critical velocity needed to initiate a covered explosive charge SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY OCT 08-10, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY AB Recent studies show that a heavy metal fragment, such as tungsten, could be more effective against a covered target than a conventional steel fragment. To further quantify this, we determined the detonation threshold surface for a tungsten platelet 1.24- x 1.24- x 0.62 cm impacting a steel plate 0.330 cm thick covering an explosive charge. The objectives were to determine the threshold impact speed for detonation as a function of impact orientation; determine if the Jacobs equation applies to this impactor; and, if not to gain insight into developing a similar relation that could be used in vulnerability analysis. Three dimensional simulations of various fragment-target encounters were developed using the Eulerian Hydrocode CTH. We selected the impact geometry and estimated a starting velocity, then CTH was run to determine if a detonation was predicted. From this starting point, fragment velocity was adjusted up or down until the critical velocity was bounded within +/- 33m/s. We learned that fragment orientation has a significant effect on the critical velocity needed to initiate a covered charge. The current shape factor provides reasonable results for a range of impact orientations. RP Dickinson, DL (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-5 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)87495-7 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YJ678 UT WOS:A1997YJ67800023 ER PT J AU Miller, AC AF Miller, AC TI The effects of epidural analgesia on uterine activity and labor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA LA English DT Review ID BUPIVACAINE PLUS FENTANYL; LOCAL-ANESTHETIC AGENTS; 2ND STAGE; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; CESAREAN-SECTION; INSTRUMENTAL DELIVERY; EXTRADURAL ANALGESIA; 0.125-PERCENT BUPIVACAINE; VAGINAL DELIVERY C1 USN RESERVE,NAVAL AEROSP & OPERAT MED INST,PENSACOLA,FL. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 169 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0959-289X J9 INT J OBSTET ANESTH JI Int. J. Obstet. Anesth. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 2 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0959-289X(97)80046-5 PG 17 WC Anesthesiology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Anesthesiology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XP568 UT WOS:A1997XP56800002 PM 15321305 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Yun, X AF Yamamoto, Y Yun, X TI A modular approach to dynamic modelling of a class of mobile manipulators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION LA English DT Article DE mobile manipulator; nonholonomic system; dynamic modelling; motion equation AB A mobile manipulator is typically constructed by mounting a multilink manipulator on a mobile platform. The manipulator and the mobile platform interact with each other when they are in motion. This paper presents a modular approach to establishing the motion equations of the mobile manipulator. The approach fully utilizes the existing motion equations of the manipulator and of the mobile platform, and simply introduces additional terms that account for the dynamic interactions between the manipulator and the mobile platform. The resulting motion equations are represented in the state-space form, which can be used for the purpose of simulation and controller design. In particular, the resulting equations are useful for investigating the effect of the dynamic interactions, because the terms representing the interactive forces are singled out from other terms. C1 USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. RP IBARAKI UNIV, DEPT SYST ENGN, HITACHI, IBARAKI 316, JAPAN. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, BLDG B6, STE 101, CALGARY, AB T3E 7J9, CANADA SN 0826-8185 EI 1925-7090 J9 INT J ROBOT AUTOM JI Int. J. Robot. Autom. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA XT079 UT WOS:A1997XT07900001 ER PT J AU Hobson, GV Dober, DM AF Hobson, GV Dober, DM TI Three-dimensional laser-Doppler velocimetry measurements in the end-wall region of a linear cascade SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBO & JET-ENGINES LA English DT Article ID TURBINE CASCADE; COMPRESSOR; DOWNSTREAM; FLOWS AB Measurements were taken of the vortex system and turbulent flow that resulted from the interaction between a stator blade and the approaching end-wall boundary layer in a linear cascade of compressor blades. Data were taken at Reynolds numbers based on blade chord of 240000 and 711000. Total pressure measurements were conducted upstream and downstream of the blades row. The approaching boundary layer was characterized with the laser-Doppler velocimeter for the low Reynolds number test case, and with a single hotfilm probe for the high Reynolds number test case. Downstream three-component laser-Doppler velocimetry surveys were conducted to map the location and velocity characteristics of the downstream wake and vortex system. Results clearly showed the effect that the overall secondary now had on the location of the two oppositely rotating vortices. These vortices formed from the horse-shoe vortex, which emanated at the leading edge of the blades. RP Hobson, GV (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,TURBOPROP LAB,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1R 5FA SN 0334-0082 J9 INT J TURBO JET ENG JI Int. J. Turbo. Jet-Engines PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XR112 UT WOS:A1997XR11200001 ER PT S AU Johnstone, PAS Rohde, DC Saunders, EL Mitchell, JB AF Johnstone, PAS Rohde, DC Saunders, EL Mitchell, JB BE Vaeth, JM TI Combining intraoperative and conventional external radiotherapy doses: A biology-based approach SO INTRAOPERATIVE RADIATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER SE Frontiers of Radiation Therapy and Oncology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International IORT Symposium / 31st San Francisco Cancer Symposium CY SEP 22-25, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. NCI, RADIAT BIOL BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP USN, MED CTR, DIV RADIAT ONCOL, SAN DIEGO, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0071-9676 BN 3-8055-6456-2 J9 FRONT RADIAT THER ON JI Front.Radiat.Ther.Oncol. PY 1997 VL 31 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ32X UT WOS:A1997BJ32X00005 PM 9263780 ER PT B AU Clynch, JR AF Clynch, JR GP ION TI One meter positioning on a ship with PLGR SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB The errors in a real time PPS system are dominated by the broadcast ephemeris and clock errors and the local multipath errors. Ships are one of the worst cases for the latter. An experiment was carried out to isolate these errors and to test methods of utilizing reference station data to improve the positions. The experiment consisted of three GPS receivers on the ship on one antenna and an identical setup on land. Each site had two Precision Lightweight GPS Receivers (PLGRs) in PPS mode and an Ashtech Z12. The Ashtechs were used to provide a truth trajectory. The ship track came within 1.5 km of the reference site to help establish integers for a kinematic truth trajectory. An integer fixed trajectory out to over 100 km was established. The ship was at sea for 3 days collecting one second data. This was followed by a day of data at dockside. The accuracy of the PLGR PPS positions were evaluated in several ways. In addition to the standalone solutions both at sea and land, the use of the land solution errors to update the ship solution was investigated. To enhance the value of this technique, a new data logger /controller was written that could direct the PLGRs to specific tracking scenarios. Direct solutions of differential positions were computed using raw data. The statistics of the position errors as well as separation of the errors into various causes are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Clynch, JR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 973 EP 980 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000100 ER PT B AU Bartone, C van Graas, F AF Bartone, C van Graas, F GP ION TI Airport pseudolite for precision approach applications SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB This paper discusses with the integration of airport/ship pseudolites (APLs) into a local area augmented differential GPS (dGPS) based precision approach system. The paper outlines generic challenges with airport pseudolites in these high accuracy applications, introduces the concept of a multipath limiting antenna (MLA) for APL applications, presents APL power link and error budgets, as well as, data pertaining to APL error characterization. Additional topics include APL signal structure factors, ground multipath, power and error budget parameters, electromagnetic interference with nominal dGPS performance, operating range, frequency of operation, and logistic considerations pertaining to the implementation, operation, and maintenance of the system. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bartone, C (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 1841 EP 1850 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000195 ER PT S AU Matthews, PJ Frankel, MY Esman, RD AF Matthews, PJ Frankel, MY Esman, RD GP INST ELECT ENGINEERS INST ELECT ENGINEERS INST ELECT ENGINEERS TI Time-domain impulse response characteristics of a wideband, fiber-optic, true time-steered array beamformer SO IOOC-ECOC 97 - 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATED OPTICS AND OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATIONS / 23RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS, VOL 2 SE IEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fibre Communications / 23rd European Conference on Optical Communications (IOOC-ECOC 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Inst Elect Engineers, Convent Natl Soc Elect Engineers Europe, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE LEOS, IEEE UKRI Sect, Bookham Technol, European Commiss, Integrated Opt Components Ltd, Lucent Technol Microelectr Grp, NORTEL, Pirelli Cavi SpA AB The time-domain impulse response of a wideband, fiber-optic, true time-delay array receiver is measured for the first time. The system demonstrates squint-free +/-60 degrees azimuthal steering and is capable of receiving and steering 113 ps pulses without discernible pulse distortion from the optical beamformer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matthews, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS INSPEC INC PI EDISON PA 379 THORNALL ST, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA SN 0537-9989 BN 0-85296-697-0 J9 IEE CONF PUBL PY 1997 IS 448 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BK16H UT WOS:000071364500046 ER PT B AU Naciri, J Crawford, G Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR AF Naciri, J Crawford, G Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR GP SOC IMAGING SCI & TECHNOL TI Electroclinic liquid crystal materials for electrooptic imaging SO IS&T 50TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, FINAL PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Imaging-Science-and-Technology CY MAY 18-23, 1997 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol AB The correlation between molecular structure and electrooptic performance is studied for two series of ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials. The first series (Series I) consist of siloxy units attached to the hydrocarbon chain at the non-chiral end of the molecule; while the second series (Series 2) contain only hydrocarbon chains at the end of the molecule. Series 1 exhibit chiral smectic A (SmA) and smectic C (SmC*). It is observed that slight modifications in either the siloxy or the hydrocarbon chain length has strong effect on the electro-optic properties. Increasing the number of siloxy unit in the chain (Series I) increases the temperature range of SmA, and reduces the SmA-SmC* transition temperature. All materials have melting temperatures below room temperature, and exhibit high values of induced tilt angles. In Series 2, the materials show a broad SmA temperature range, and melting temperatures much higher than in Series 1. However, the SmA phase is found to supercool to subambient temperatures. If the hydrocarbon chain is shortened, tilt angle, electroclinic coefficient and switching time are significally suppressed. Comparison of the electrooptic performance in SmA between the two series show that Series 1 show a much higher tilt angles than Series 2, while the later exhibit much faster response times. RP Naciri, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 BN 0-89208-199-6 PY 1997 BP 688 EP 691 PG 4 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ88J UT WOS:A1997BJ88J00195 ER PT B AU Ammeen, ES Beale, GO AF Ammeen, ES Beale, GO GP IEEE TI Fuzzy depth control for a submersible vehicle SO ISIE '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL UNIV MINHO, GUIMARAES, PORTUGAL SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, Univ Minho, Soc Ind & Control Engn, Japan, IEEE Portugal Sect, IEEE Ind Electr Portugal Chapter, IEEE Neural Network Council, Portuguese Assoc Automat Control, IEEE Reg 8 HO UNIV MINHO AB The design of a fuzzy depth control algorithm for a submersible vehicle is presented. The equivalence of:the fuzzy depth control algorithm to an existing time-varying gain, non-fuzzy control algorithm (i.e., proportional-plus-derivative) is illustrated. The stability of the closed-loop system of the submersible model and fuzzy depth controller over alii allowed values of the controller is proven using approaches based on Kharitonov theory and Lyapunov theory. C1 Naval Surface S Ammeen, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Ammeen, ES (reprint author), Naval Surface S Ammeen, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3936-3 PY 1997 BP 1185 EP 1190 DI 10.1109/ISIE.1997.648909 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BK48L UT WOS:000072310300278 ER PT B AU Parker, RK Jensen, KL Abrams, RH AF Parker, RK Jensen, KL Abrams, RH GP ELECTR DISPLAY IND RES ASSOC KOREA TI Field emitter array development for high frequency applications SO IVMC'97 - 1997 10TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 17-21, 1997 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Electr Display Ind Res Assoc AB RF vacuum microelectronics combines the advantages of electron transport in vacuum with gated electron emission structures derived from solid-state microfabrication. The advent of practical gated vacuum emitters of micron size will have a strong impact on RF source technology. Next-generation RF amplifiers incorporating microfabricated emitters will allow amplifier designs that minimize the need for high-voltage power supplies, complex modulating circuitry, and the heavy magnets common with linear beam tubes. One attractive application for such efficient compact amplifiers is as the vacuum power booster of a microwave power module (MPM) a device that combines a solid-state preamplifier with a low-gain vacuum amplifier for efficiency. Program goals are to create a 50-watt 10-GHz amplifier with 10 dB gain and efficiency, exceeding 50%. We will survey the requirements placed on FEAs for performance in a microwave amplifier as determined by various analyses, describe the present status of the performance of ring cathodes designed for inductive output amplifiers (IOAs), (i.e., the narrow-band cavity-based klystrode under development at Varian/CPI and the wide-band, helix-based twystrode under development at NRL), and identity, the challenges that remain before this new RF source technology is realized. RP Parker, RK (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,CODE 6840,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC DISPLAY INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION KOREA PI SEOUL 135-703 PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA BN 0-7803-3786-7 PY 1997 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81L UT WOS:A1997BJ81L00018 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Yater, JE Zaidman, EG Kodis, MA Shih, A AF Jensen, KL Yater, JE Zaidman, EG Kodis, MA Shih, A GP ELECTR DISPLAY IND RES ASSOC KOREA TI Advanced emitters for next generation RF amplifiers SO IVMC'97 - 1997 10TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 17-21, 1997 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Electr Display Ind Res Assoc RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,CODE 6840,WASHINGTON,DC 20357, USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC DISPLAY INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION KOREA PI SEOUL 135-703 PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA BN 0-7803-3786-7 PY 1997 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81L UT WOS:A1997BJ81L00037 ER PT B AU Gray, HF Shaw, JL AF Gray, HF Shaw, JL GP ELECTR DISPLAY IND RES ASSOC KOREA TI High frequency FEAs for RF power applications SO IVMC'97 - 1997 10TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 17-21, 1997 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Electr Display Ind Res Assoc AB Much effort has been expended trying to operate field emitter arrays (FEAs) at high frequency and high current, without significant success. FEA failure due to shorting, melting of the gate metallization, etc has been experimentally observed by many researchers, and if is often attributed to ''arcing'', joule heating, current hogging, etc. This paper suggests a particular FEA cell design and dimensions to minimize or eliminate this type of failure in RF applications. We report the following calculational results: the capacitance distribution of a cylindrically symmetric FEA cell, effects due to bulk and surface resistivity, RC time constant distributions, and 10 Ghz circuit simulations of a single FEA cell design and a high current FEA structure which might be used in a linear beam tube. RP Gray, HF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC DISPLAY INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION KOREA PI SEOUL 135-703 PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA BN 0-7803-3786-7 PY 1997 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81L UT WOS:A1997BJ81L00044 ER PT B AU Shaw, JL Gray, HF AF Shaw, JL Gray, HF GP ELECTR DISPLAY IND RES ASSOC KOREA TI Increased Si FEA emission current and correlated changes in A and B at elevated temperature SO IVMC'97 - 1997 10TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 17-21, 1997 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Electr Display Ind Res Assoc AB We report substantial increases in emission current caused by heating Si FEAs. A series of I-V measurements were taken from Si FEAs as they were operated in time and temperature, i.e. as they are ''conditioned''. Each dataset may be represented by the parameters A and B from the equation I=AV(2)exp(-B/V). The 2-3 order of magnitude increase in current which occurs in the first several hours after beginning the emission measurements is seen to result from an increase in A, partially offset by an increase in B. When the array is heated, the emission current is increased while A and B are both reduced, such that a 20-30% reduction in B is partially canceled by a similar to 5 fold reduction in A. This temperature effect is reversible, but not expected from theory. Temperatures less than 100C appear to be sufficient to produce some effect. Other unexpected behavior is also observed: Holding the gate voltage at low or negative potentials between I-V measurements also increases the current. After stabilizing A and B at one gate voltage, an abrupt rise in the gate voltage tends to cause a slow rise in B, decreasing the initial current. This effect appears to be reversible. Plots of In(I/V-2) vs. 1/V were generally very linear, but in some cases the current obtained at the highest voltages was larger than would be projected based on measurements made at lower voltage, i.e., the plot was super-linear in the highest currents. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC DISPLAY INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION KOREA PI SEOUL 135-703 PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA BN 0-7803-3786-7 PY 1997 BP 743 EP 749 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81L UT WOS:A1997BJ81L00156 ER PT J AU Steidle, CE AF Steidle, CE TI The Joint Strike Fighter Program SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article DE advanced strike technology; affordability; joint acquisition program; Joint Strike Fighter; joint warfare AB The Joint Strike Fighter Program, formerly the Joint Advanced Strike Technology Program, is the DoD focal point for defining affordable, next-generation strike aircraft weapon systems for the Navy, Air Force, Marines, and our allies. This joint program was chartered to bring the Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps together to work jointly at reducing costs of future strike warfare concepts by maturing and transitioning advanced technologies, components, and processes. The program provides the focus and direction to future strike technology by applying a strategy-to-task-to-technology process involving an integrated team of users and developers. User-defined future operational needs determine which technologies and demonstrations will be pursued and funded. The program thus serves as the critical link among the requirements community, the technology community, and the eventual acquisition program office, while focusing on reducing both cost and risk of technology, process, and concepts to meet future joint operational needs affordably. RP Steidle, CE (reprint author), USN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: MANAGING EDITOR JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1-E254, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 6 EP 20 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA WD861 UT WOS:A1997WD86100002 ER PT J AU SarigulKlijn, N SarigulKlijn, MM AF SarigulKlijn, N SarigulKlijn, MM TI Analysis of OH-6A helicopter flight test data using Lissajous figures SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB This paper demonstrates that a new application of Lissajous figures to night test data gives different capabilities to identify both the commensurateness and the relative phase between measured quantities, These are not available from either conventional time or frequency domain flight test data analysis. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,POINT MUGU NAWC,CA 93042. RP SarigulKlijn, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AERONAUT & MECH ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.2514/2.2155 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WP100 UT WOS:A1997WP10000003 ER PT J AU Lind, CA AF Lind, CA TI Effect of geometry on the unsteady type-IV shock interaction SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 10-12, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AIAA, SAE, ASME, ASEE AB This work describes the effect of cowl geometry on the unsteady behavior of a type-IV shock interaction, The numerical procedure used for the thin-layer approximation to the compressible Navier-Stokes calculations is a second-order central difference approximation for the diffusion terms and a total variation diminishing type scheme for the inviscid terms, The calculations show that the peak surface pressure, the impingement location of the supersonic jet, and the time required for the development of the interaction are functions of both the impinging shock location and the cowl geometry. In addition, it is shown that the peak pressure loads associated with the type-IV shock interaction can be reduced by changing the geometric shape of the cowl. RP Lind, CA (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.2514/2.2136 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WP100 UT WOS:A1997WP10000010 ER PT J AU Rollwagen, FM Li, YY Pacheco, ND Zhu, XL Davis, T AF Rollwagen, FM Li, YY Pacheco, ND Zhu, XL Davis, T TI Orally administered IL-6 increases splenic and peripheral blood GM-CFC. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 75 EP 75 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200075 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Trauger, RJ Giermakowska, WK Turner, JL Wallace, MR Richieri, SP Ferre, F Daigle, AE Duffy, C Theofan, G Carlo, DJ Jensen, FC AF Moss, RB Trauger, RJ Giermakowska, WK Turner, JL Wallace, MR Richieri, SP Ferre, F Daigle, AE Duffy, C Theofan, G Carlo, DJ Jensen, FC TI Effect of immunization with an inactivated gp120 depleted HIV-1 immunogen (REMUNE(TM) on beta chemokine and cytokine production in subjects with HIV-1 infection. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IMMUNE RESPONSE CORP,CARLSBAD,CA. UNIV PENN,GRAD HOSP,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. USN,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 193 EP 193 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200192 ER PT J AU Saha, B Murata, T Puri, R FernandezBotran, R Smoot, D Harlan, DM June, CH Lee, KP AF Saha, B Murata, T Puri, R FernandezBotran, R Smoot, D Harlan, DM June, CH Lee, KP TI B cells in CD28-deficient mice are defective in IL-4 responsiveness. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED RES INST,IMMUNE CELL BIOL PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1058 EP 1058 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201055 ER PT J AU June, CH Carroll, RG Riley, JL Kaushal, S Weislow, OS StLouis, DC Bernstein, W Levine, BL AF June, CH Carroll, RG Riley, JL Kaushal, S Weislow, OS StLouis, DC Bernstein, W Levine, BL TI The anti-HIV effect following CD28 stimulation is mediated by an increase in chemokine production and a decrease in chemokine receptor expression. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HENRY M JACKSON FDN,BETHESDA,MD. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. SRA LIFE SCI DIV,ROCKVILLE,MD. RI Levine, Bruce/D-1688-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1065 EP 1065 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201062 ER PT J AU Sieckmann, DG Aldrich, J Broomfield, J Allen, S OBrien, TW Burans, JP AF Sieckmann, DG Aldrich, J Broomfield, J Allen, S OBrien, TW Burans, JP TI Development of an anti-idiotypic vaccine for ricin. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20889. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1165 EP 1165 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201162 ER PT J AU Levine, BL Cotte, J Carroll, RG Riley, JL Small, CS Francomano, TN Weislow, OS StLouis, DC Bernstein, W June, CH AF Levine, BL Cotte, J Carroll, RG Riley, JL Small, CS Francomano, TN Weislow, OS StLouis, DC Bernstein, W June, CH TI A phase I dose-escalation study of polyclonal CD4 T cell ex vivo expansion for immune system restoration of HIV infection. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HENRY M JACKSON FDN,BETHESDA,MD. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. SRA LIFE SCI DIV,ROCKVILLE,MD. RI Levine, Bruce/D-1688-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1625 EP 1625 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201621 ER EF