FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Moreno, AN OrtolaniMachado, CF Mello, LFC Oliver, C Jamur, MC AF Moreno, AN OrtolaniMachado, CF Mello, LFC Oliver, C Jamur, MC TI Depletion of peritoneal mast cells correlates with a reduction in bone marrow mast cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. UNIV FED PARANA,BR-80060000 CURITIBA,PARANA,BRAZIL. RI Jamur, Maria Celia/L-5520-2016 OI Jamur, Maria Celia/0000-0001-7065-8543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 2653 EP 2653 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09602647 ER PT J AU Baron, NT Newcomb, JW AF Baron, NT Newcomb, JW TI Modeling and simulation for integrated ship topside design SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 ASNE Modeling, Simulation and Virtual Prototyping Conference CY JUN 24-26, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA SP ASNE AB A new program initiative is evolving within the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) to define and implement an integrated, architectural approach to surface ship topside design. With any given ship suite of sensor, weapon and control systems, ship topside architecture and design has more influence over realized ship warfare mission capability than any other ship system or engineering design discipline. An integrated treatment of all the major factors that govern ship topside physical and functional attributes will produce more capable, adaptable and affordable ship designs. An integrated ship topside design engineering framework will allow efficient exploitation of emerging system technologies to improve ship capabilities and flexibility. Integrated ship topside design is critically dependent on slate-of-the-art computer-aided engineering-modeling, simulation and visualization-to provide timely and affordable quantification of the numerous engineering trade-offs and design decisions that go into the topside design. This paper outlines the need, rationale and vision for integrated topside design in the U.S. Navy. The engineering framework that forms the essential core of the ship design engineering and acquisition management disciplines required to carry out integrated ship topside design is described. The modeling and simulation tools needed to carry out the integrated ship topside design process, along with their expected sources, are defined. A practical architectural mechanization of these computer-aided engineering tools is outlined based on successful experience with the NAVSEA Electromagnetic Engineering program. The paper concludes with an overview of the status and plan to complete implementation of this new engineering capability, and its application to the design of the next generation of U.S. Navy surface ships. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Baron, NT (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 109 IS 6 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA YX694 UT WOS:000072067300003 ER PT J AU Sandison, JC Elder, RR Koelbel, JG AF Sandison, JC Elder, RR Koelbel, JG TI Osprey - From the sea to the pond SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In July and August of 1995, USS Osprey (MHC 51) was successfully transferred from the Chesapeake Bay to the Underwater Explosion (UndEx) Shock Test Facility (UTF) test pond at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) in Aberdeen, MD, for shock testing. The transfer was the culmination of a coordinated U.S. Navy, U.S. Army, and industry program to utilize the unique capabilities of the APG-UTF for shock testing of this new class of glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) vessel. A significant part of the transfer was the design and construction of a transfer cradle that was used to both support the MHC 51 on a barge towed from Norfolk Naval Shipyard (NNSY) to APG and to interface the ship with the ground rail transfer system and marine railway at the UTE The transfer of the MHC 51 from sea to the pond and back to sea was a complete success. It was conducted safely without harm to either the ship or any of its crew. It was conducted on schedule and within an established budget. In addition, the project was a good demonstration of both inter-service and intra-service cooperation, and the ability of the services to employ commercial marine practices and ABS certification. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command NAVSEA 03D3, Ship Design Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Sandison, JC (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command NAVSEA 03D3, Ship Design Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 109 IS 6 BP 41 EP 53 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA YX694 UT WOS:000072067300004 ER PT J AU Sciortino, JC AF Sciortino, JC TI Autonomous ESM systems SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Electronic Warfare (EW) Support Measures (ESM) systems are evolving rapidly toward unmanned status by using a constellation of artificial intelligence (Al) technologies. Among these are artificial neural networks (ANN), genetic algorithms, intelligent databases, fuzzy logic and data fusion techniques, as well as expert systems. The applications and implementation techniques, for which adaptive autonomous non cooperative target recognition is useful or necessary, form the focus of this discussion. Military and civilian applications abound for fixed site, shipborne, and airborne systems. These systems could control and manage other interactive systems normally requiring manual inputs. Applications such as air and marine traffic control and management regimes, collection of transport traffic statistics for economic analysis and intelligence, passive targeting, platform inventory (order of battle), and anti-fratricide control are examples meeting this requirement. ESM systems use these AI technologies throughout the signal processing chain and beyond: from acquisition through automatic RF band scheduling and antenna pointing, as well as deinter-leaving of dense signal environments and characterization of individual emitters, to rapid, high-confidence emitter-platform correlation with automatic optical/IR imaging, and cross-indexing of multiple worldwide information databases to prevent platform aliasing. These systems are now feasible because the required components are now available. Low-cost miniaturized RF system and subsystem components, massively parallel computing resources, and ANN integrated circuits permit the achievement of low-cost, low-power, small, modular systems that stand and act alone. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tact EW Div, EW Support Measures ESM Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Sciortino, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tact EW Div, EW Support Measures ESM Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 109 IS 6 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA YX694 UT WOS:000072067300006 ER PT J AU Baumann, G Calvano, C Chase, M Null, G AF Baumann, G Calvano, C Chase, M Null, G TI An arsenal ship design SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Navy's "Arsenal Ship Concept of Operations [1]" and "Ship Capabilities Document (SCD) [2]" address a need for the design of a large missile platform that can carry massive and precise firepower, accomplish long-range strike, and perform flexible targeting and multidimensional theater defense consistent with the policies of "Forward ... From the Sea [3]" and "Operational Maneuver from the Sea [4]." The ship is designed to be a large missile magazine that receives its launch orders from remote air, land or sea forces. It is fully integrated into the joint command and control structure to assist current forces in the opening days of conflict. A major design goal of the Arsenal Ship is to limit the crew size to 50 personnel through the use of system automation, redundancy and equipment reliability while meeting an additional constraint of limiting the sailaway price to 550 million dollars. The Total Ship Systems Engineering (TSSE) design team at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, CA used a modified repeat of the T-AO 201 class oiler. The selection of this hull is based on mass tonnage for survivability, carrying capacity for approximately 500 vertically launched missiles and budget constraints that militate against a new hull design. The midship section of the ship is fitted with 64 eight-cell Concentric Canisterized Launcher (CCL) modules. The Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) is incorporated in the design to provide the controlling platform the ability to remotely fire the Arsenal Ship's missiles. The design was performed at NPS under the direction of author Calvano by a group of fifteen officer students, which included authors Chase, Baumann and Null. It is believed that the at-sea experience and thorough analysis from the officers involved has resulted in a sensible design of a creative and highly realistic solution to the Navy's call for an Arsenal Ship of the 21st Century. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Baumann, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RI Gordiienko, Liudmyla/F-1150-2016; Valevska, Liudmyla/F-8756-2016 OI Gordiienko, Liudmyla/0000-0002-1284-8506; Valevska, Liudmyla/0000-0003-0511-5643 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 109 IS 6 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA YX694 UT WOS:000072067300007 ER PT J AU McClatchey, SK Parks, MM AF McClatchey, SK Parks, MM TI Theoretic refractive changes after lens implantation in childhood SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID CHILDREN; CATARACTS; PSEUDOPHAKIA; MANAGEMENT; EYE AB Objective: Children with aphakia tend to have decreasing hyperopia as they grow older. No large study of the long-term refractive changes in children with pseudophakia has been published, although myopic shifts of greater than 10 diopters (D) have been reported. The authors used the refractions of children with aphakia and long follow-up to calculate the theoretic long-term refractive effects of pseudophakia. Design: The study design was a chart review of eyes that underwent cataract surgery before age 10 with documented refractions for more than 7 years. Participants: Ninety-three eyes were studied. Intervention: The initial aphakic refractions of the study eyes were used to calculate the intraocular lens (IOL) powers that would have been required to give emmetropia at cataract removal. The aphakic refractions at last follow-up were used to calculate the final pseudophakic refractions, and these were compared with the predictions of a logarithmic model of myopic shift. Results: The mean follow-up time was 11 years. The median calculated pseudophakic refraction at last follow-up was -6.6 D with a range of -36.3 to +2.9 D, Children who underwent surgery in the first 2 years of life had a substantially greater myopic shift than older children (P < 0.001) and a larger variance in this myopic shift (P < 0.001). The logarithmic model accurately predicted the final refraction within 3 D in 24% of eyes undergoing surgery before 2 years of age and in 77% of eyes undergoing surgery after this age. Conclusions: Pseudophakia in children is predicted to result in a large quantity of myopic shift, particularly in very young children, An IOL power chosen to leave a child initially hyperopic should lessen both the quantity of myopic shift and the extreme myopia that can result with growth. The surgeon who implants IOLs in young children must be prepared for a wide variation in long-term myopic shift. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL & CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 11 BP 1744 EP 1751 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA YF417 UT WOS:A1997YF41700013 PM 9373101 ER PT J AU Pilloff, HS AF Pilloff, HS TI Enhanced atom guiding in metal-coated, hollow-core optical fibers SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE atom guiding; hollow, dielectric wave guides; evanescent atom guiding ID MOTION AB A new-type of atom guiding structure has been analyzed. It consists of a hollow-core optical fiber (step index) which is not clad, but instead has a metal coating on its outer lateral surface. It will be shown that this structure produces the maximum evanescent field in the hollow region of the fiber and guiding can be accomplished with lower power lasers. Both the dipole and the van der Waals potentials have been combined and the resulting barrier height was maximized as a function of both Delta, the detuning, and r, the position. An optimized potential having a barrier height of 1 K has been determined by iteratively solving for the required laser intensity. The probability of atom tunneling through this barrier to the inner wall has been calculated and is expected to be unimportant. Centripetal effects due to bending of the fiber have also been estimated and are small for the barrier considered here. Compared to other structures, this new-type of guide provides bigger barriers for the same laser power and therefore, enhanced atom guiding. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Pilloff, HS (reprint author), OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 143 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00354-4 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA YC051 UT WOS:A1997YC05100006 ER PT J AU Francis, TL AF Francis, TL TI "To dispose of the prisoners": The Japanese executions of American aircrew at Fukuoka, Japan, during 1945 SO PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Francis, TL (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0030-8684 J9 PAC HIST REV JI Pac. Hist. Rev. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 469 EP 501 PG 33 WC History SC History GA YK331 UT WOS:000070836800001 ER PT J AU Wahlgren, DR Atkinson, JH EppingJordan, JE Williams, RA Pruitt, SD Klapow, JC Patterson, TL Grant, I Webster, JS Slater, MA AF Wahlgren, DR Atkinson, JH EppingJordan, JE Williams, RA Pruitt, SD Klapow, JC Patterson, TL Grant, I Webster, JS Slater, MA TI One-year follow-up of first onset low back pain SO PAIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine CY MAR 15, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC DE first onset; low back pain; longitudinal; pain intensity; disability; distress ID SICKNESS IMPACT PROFILE; EMPIRICALLY DERIVED TAXONOMY; PRIMARY-CARE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEPRESSION; OUTCOMES; SCALE AB Efforts to examine the process and risk of developing chronic back pain have relied generally upon retrospective study of individuals with already established pain. In an alternative approach to understanding the clinical course and evolution of low back disorders, a cohort of 76 men experiencing their first episode of back pain was assessed prospectively at 2, 6 and 12 months following pain onset, Standard measures of pain (Descriptor Differential Scale: DDS), disability (Sickness Impact Profile: SIP), and distress (Beck Depression Inventory: BDI) were employed to classify the sample into five groups: Resolved: Pain Only, Disability/Distress Only, Pain and Mild Disability/Distress, and Clinical Range, At both 6 and 12 months post pain onset, most (78%, 72% respectively) of the sample continued to experience pain. Many also experienced marked disability at 6 months (26%) and 12 months (14%). At 12 months, no participants had worsened relative to the 2-month baseline. Doubly multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were employed to compare baseline groups (Pain Only, Pain and Mild Disability/Distress, Clinical Range) on the DDS, SIP, and BDI across time. The group by time interaction from 2 through 12 months was reliable, with greatest change occurring in the Clinical Range group in disability and distress; interestingly, the decrease in pain was comparable among all groups. Follow-up tests across measures demonstrated greater change in the early (2-6-month) interval and relative stability in the later (6-12-month) interval. Comparison of those classified as 'improvers' with those who did not improve from 2 to 12 months showed similar findings, The clinical course of first onset back pain may be prolonged for many patients, and involves a continuum of related disability and distress. Individuals at risk for marked symptoms 1 year after an initial episode of back pain can be identified early, and prompt treatment might reduce the risk of pain chronicity. (C) 1997 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYST,PAIN RES GRP,PSYCHIAT SERV 116A,SAN DIEGO,CA 92161. VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYST,RES SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92161. VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYST,PSYCHOL SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92161. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR BEHAV EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY HLTH,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. USN,MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. SHARP HLTH CARE,RES & DEV,SAN DIEGO,CA. RI Abbott, J./B-2976-2008 OI Abbott, J./0000-0001-6468-7284 NR 46 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3959 J9 PAIN JI Pain PD NOV PY 1997 VL 73 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00106-1 PG 9 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA YK338 UT WOS:A1997YK33800012 PM 9415508 ER PT J AU Flatte, ME Byers, JM AF Flatte, ME Byers, JM TI Local electronic structure of defects in superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-ALLOY SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTOR; VORTEX-CORE; II SUPERCONDUCTOR; GAP STATES; IMPURITY; LINE; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING AB The electronic structure near defects (such as impurities) in superconductors is explored using a fully self-consistent technique. This technique exploits the short-range nature of the impurity potential and of the induced change in the superconducting order parameter to calculate features in the electronic structure down to the atomic scale with unprecedented spectral resolution. Magnetic and nonmagnetic static impurity potentials are considered, as well as local alterations in the pairing interaction. Extensions to strong-coupling superconductors and superconductors with anisotropic order parameters are formulated. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP UNIV IOWA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. NR 68 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 11213 EP 11231 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11213 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600079 ER PT J AU Pecora, LM Carroll, TL Johnson, G Mar, D AF Pecora, LM Carroll, TL Johnson, G Mar, D TI Volume-preserving and volume-expanding synchronized chaotic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SIGNALS; COMMUNICATION AB Many schemes for synchronizing chaotic systems have emerged in recent years. Several of them have been suggested for use in communications, In this paper we pay special attention to communications issues. We show that one can use dynamical systems techniques to produce synchronized, chaotic systems that have features chat are desirable in private and secure communications systems. These features are (i) less structure or pattern to the attractor, (ii) very law time correlations, (iii) mor-e than one positive Lyapunov exponent (hyperchaotic), (iv) synchronizable with one transmitted (scalar) signal, (v) rapid synchronization in few time steps, (vi) the ability to add information to the chaotic carrier in a nonlinear fashion,and (vii) easy to make and analyze. We accomplish this by introducing a simple expanding-folding View of,l-dimensional maps which leads to volume-preserving and volume-expanding maps in many cases whose trajectories cover a large nonzero volume of phase space and which have the desired properties. RP USN, RES LAB, CODE 6343, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5090 EP 5100 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5090 PN A PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH167 UT WOS:A1997YH16700030 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Esarey, E Hafizi, B AF Sprangle, P Esarey, E Hafizi, B TI Propagation and stability of intense laser pulses in partially stripped plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY LASERS; FIELD-INDUCED IONIZATION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; INJECTED ELECTRONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SELF-MODULATION; TENUOUS PLASMAS; WAVE-GUIDE; ACCELERATION; BEAMS AB The propagation and stability of intense laser pulses in a partially stripped plasma, i.e., in the presence of free and bound electrons, is analyzed. The presence of bound electrons is shown to significantly alter the propagation and stability of intense laser pulses. The bound electrons are represented by a linear and nonlinear susceptibility, while the free electrons, which can support plasma waves, are treated nonlinearly. In the presence of both free and bound electrons, an atomic modulation instability develops that can have a growth rate substantially higher than either the conventional relativistic modulational instability or the forward Raman instability. Bound electrons can also greatly enhance the filamentation instability. The backward Raman instability, however, is unaffected by bound electrons. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 79 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5894 EP 5907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5894 PN B PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH168 UT WOS:A1997YH16800037 ER PT J AU Zumofen, G Klafter, J Shlesinger, MF AF Zumofen, G Klafter, J Shlesinger, MF TI Mixing in reaction dynamics under enhanced diffusion conditions SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermodynamic Aspects of Complex Chaotic Systems - Exact Approaches to Extended Irregular Systems CY OCT 06-10, 1995 CL ENGADINE, SWITZERLAND ID INTERMITTENT CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; REACTION-KINETICS; DISORDERED MEDIA; A+B->0 REACTION; LEVY PROCESSES; MOTION; FLUCTUATIONS; ANNIHILATION; TURBULENCE AB We first review the Levy-flight approach for the description of enhanced diffusion and then study the effects of mixing on the transient A + B --> 0 reaction at stoichiometric conditions in d = 1-3 dimensions under enhanced diffusion conditions; The particles are assumed to follow Levy walks, characterized by an index , which result in enhanced diffusion for 1 < gamma < 2. Particle density decays and particle-particle correlation functions are calculated using deterministic reaction-diffusion equations and computer simulations of this multi-particle problem. We concentrate on the segregation phenomenon and demonstrate that, depending on gamma, segregation may disappear in d = 3 dimensions under enhanced diffusion conditions. Hence, Levy walks lead to an efficient mixing of reacting particles. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV, SCH CHEM, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. OFF NAVAL RES, DIV PHYS, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. RP Zumofen, G (reprint author), ETH ZENTRUM, PHYS CHEM LAB, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 290 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(97)00065-3 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YD499 UT WOS:A1997YD49900012 ER PT J AU Owen, G Grofman, B AF Owen, G Grofman, B TI Estimating the likelihood of fallacious ecological inference: linear ecological regression in the presence of context effects SO POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NAZI VOTE; STATISTICS AB In situations where the only reliable data source is electoral data at the aggregate level for a geographic unit such as voting precincts, social scientists have sought to use ecological regression techniques to recreate the voting behavior of particular groups without committing the ecological fallacy of the sort warned of by Robinson (1950). Until quite recently, the most common use of ecological regression techniques was for the analysis of historical data, e.g., determining the social groups that supported the Nazis. In the US, however in a development little known to political geographers, within the past decade, social science expert witnesses have testified in hundreds of cases involving minority voting rights-cases where a central issue has been to ascertain the extent of white/Anglo support for black or Hispanic (or more recently, Asian-American) candidates in elections involving candidates of more than one race/ethnic background. One issue in several recent voting rights cases has been whether linear regression methods can validly be used to model racial voting patterns, with experts for defendant jurisdictions claiming that the presence of contextual effects may invalidate the assumptions underlying linear models and give rise to an ecological fallacy. For data on voting patterns in small geographic units such as voting precincts, we show that the presence of a plausible type of race-related contextual effect will, in general, lead to a quadratic relationship between minority share of the electorate and the share of the vote received by the minority candidate. However, when either a substantial proportion of the electorate is located in racially homogeneous or near homogeneous precincts (as often occurs given the patterns of residential concentration in US cities), or when the contextual effects are small, we show that the estimates of the key parameters of interest in voting rights litigation, namely the proportions of minority and non-minority voters who voted for the minority candidate(s), will be very well approximated by a bivariate linear model. In such circumstances, fallacies of ecological inference can be avoided with near certainty, despite the fact that the linear model that has been used to fit the data omits potentially important variables and regression diagnostics for it would show heteroskedasticity, while a quadratic regression would provide coefficients that are essentially uninterpretable in terms of the parameter of interest. This result has potentially broader implications for the reliability of ecological inference because it demonstrates that, under plausible assumptions, a simple ecological model can yield accurate results despite theoretical errors in model specification-because those errors prove to be of little or no practical significance. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE, SCH SURG SCI, IRVINE, CA 92697 USA. RP Owen, G (reprint author), USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT MATH, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0962-6298 J9 POLIT GEOGR JI Polit. Geogr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 16 IS 8 BP 675 EP 690 DI 10.1016/S0962-6298(96)00072-8 PG 16 WC Geography; Political Science SC Geography; Government & Law GA XX945 UT WOS:A1997XX94500003 ER PT J AU Ekaterinaris, JA Platzer, MF AF Ekaterinaris, JA Platzer, MF TI Computational prediction of airfoil dynamic stall SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; TURBULENCE MODELS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LINEAR-STABILITY; PITCHING AIRFOIL; OSCILLATING AIRFOIL; PRESSURE-GRADIENT; UNSTEADY FLOWS; TRANSITION AB The term dynamic stall refers to unsteady flow separation occurring on aerodynamic bodies, such as airfoils and wings, which execute an unsteady motion. The prediction of dynamic stall is important for flight vehicle, turbomachinery, and wind turbine applications. Due to the complicated flow physics of the dynamic stall phenomenon the industry has been forced to use empirical methods for its prediction. However,recent progress in computational methods and the tremendous increase in computing power has made possible the use of the full fluid dynamic governing equations for dynamic stall investigation and prediction in the design process. It is the objective of this review to present the major approaches and results obtained in recent years and to point out existing deficiencies and possibilities for improvements. To this end, potential flow, boundary layer, viscous-inviscid interaction, and Navier-Stokes methods are described. The most commonly used numerical schemes for their solution are briefly described. Turbulence models used for the computation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows, which are of primary interest to industry, are presented. The impact of transition from laminar to turbulent flow on the dynamic stall phenomenon is discussed and currently available methods for its prediction are summarized. The main computational results obtained for airfoil and wing dynamic stall and comparisons with available experimental measurements are presented. The review concludes with a discussion of existing deficiencies and possibilities for future improvements. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 RISOE Natl Lab, Test Stn Wind Turbines, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. RP Ekaterinaris, JA (reprint author), RISOE Natl Lab, Test Stn Wind Turbines, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. NR 172 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11-12 BP 759 EP 846 PG 88 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA ZP123 UT WOS:000073718700004 ER PT J AU Summers, GP Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Walters, RJ AF Summers, GP Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Walters, RJ TI Contribution of low-energy protons to the degradation of shielded GaAs solar cells in space SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT XV) CY JUN, 1997 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO SP NASA, Lewis Res Ctr ID RADIATION AB The cumulative fi action of the displacement damage dose deposited in shielded GaAs solar cells in typical space proton environments is presented as a function of energy from the threshold for atomic displacement up to 400 MeV, Results ave presented for silica coverglass thicknesses from 3-30 mils, and for both slowed down and incident proton energies, As an example, it is found that for cells shielded by 30 mils of coverglass in a circular 5000 km orbit, less than 15% of the degradation is caused by protons with slowed down energies < 0.1 Me V, whereas similar to 50% of the total degradation is produced by protons in the energy range I < E < 10 MeV, (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Summers, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 5 IS 6 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199711/12)5:6<407::AID-PIP192>3.0.CO;2-P PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA YX081 UT WOS:000072004500004 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Jones, ET AF Williams, SM Jones, ET TI General case of the day - Allergic (or hypersensitivity) bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; SPECTRUM; LUNG C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. RP Williams, SM (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,34800 BOB WILSON DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1597 EP 1600 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YG089 UT WOS:A1997YG08900022 PM 9397467 ER PT J AU Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS AF Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Review of high-power microwave source research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; RELATIVISTIC KLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; CYCLOTRON AUTORESONANCE MASERS; GYROTRON OSCILLATOR EXPERIMENT; BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATORS; EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT; GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; MAGNICON AMPLIFIER; TUBE AMPLIFIER; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB This article reviews the state-of-the-art in high-power microwave source research. It begins with a discussion of the concepts involved in coherent microwave generation. The main varieties of microwave tubes are classified into three groups, according to the fundamental radiation mechanism involved: Cherenkov, transition, or bremsstrahlung radiation. This is followed by a brief discussion of some of the technical fundamentals of high-power microwave sources, including power supplies and electron guns. Finally, the history and recent developments of both high-peak power and high-average power sources are reviewed in the context of four main areas of application: (1) plasma resonance heating and current drive; (2) rf acceleration of charged particles; (3) radar and communications systems; and (4) high-peak power sources for weapons-effect simulation and exploratory development. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(97)01511-6]. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, INST PLASMA RES, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, DIV PLASMA PHYS, BEAM PHYS BRANCH, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 222 TC 177 Z9 187 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 68 IS 11 BP 3945 EP 3974 DI 10.1063/1.1148382 PG 30 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YG093 UT WOS:A1997YG09300001 ER PT J AU Lammons, G AF Lammons, G TI T-AGS 60 class - Update SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Lammons, G (reprint author), USN,METEOROL & OCEANOG COMMAND,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 11 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA YH235 UT WOS:A1997YH23500006 ER PT J AU LaRosa, S Kelley, RJ Kendziora, C Margaritondo, G Onellion, M Chubukov, A AF LaRosa, S Kelley, RJ Kendziora, C Margaritondo, G Onellion, M Chubukov, A TI Shadow bands in overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RANGE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CORRELATIONS; 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; QUASI-PARTICLE DISPERSION; FERMI-SURFACE; SPIN-GAP; PHOTOEMISSION; COEXISTENCE; METALLICITY; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We performed angle-resolved photoemission experiments on overdoped single crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x samples with Tc values as low as 55K and very narrow transitions as measured by AC susceptibility. The photoemission data indicate the presence of a ''shadow'' peak in the quasiparticle spectral function A(omega) shifted by (pi, pi) from the conventional quasiparticle peak. The ratio of the shadow/quasiparticle peak amplitudes strongly increases with the binding energy. This is consistent with the idea that the shadow peak is not a structural replica of the quasiparticle peak, but rather a maximum in a spectral function which can exist due to interaction with spin fluctuations peaked at (pi, pi). (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PHYS, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. PL KAPITZA PHYS PROBLEMS INST, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. RP LaRosa, S (reprint author), ECOLE POLYTECH FED LAUSANNE, INST PHYS APPL, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 8 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(97)00378-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD684 UT WOS:A1997YD68400004 ER PT J AU Cathcart, ME AF Cathcart, ME TI Strategic planning in a government organization: The experience of the technical information division at NRaD SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Strategic planning includes specific implementation methodology and measurements of success. Our strategic plan enables us to become cost-effective, adapt to change, and help our parent organization meet its objectives. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT & E Div, San Diego, CA USA. RP Cathcart, ME (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT & E Div, San Diego, CA USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 NORTH STUART ST, STE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN JI Tech. Commun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 44 IS 4 BP 406 EP 411 PG 6 WC Communication SC Communication GA ZE667 UT WOS:000072817800019 ER PT J AU Bill, A Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA AF Bill, A Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA TI Isotope effect in high-T-c materials: role of non-adiabaticity and magnetic impurities SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Electron-Phonon-Interactions and Phase Transitions in Honor of Professor Heinz Bilz CY JUN 09-15, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Int Sch Solid State Phys ID PAIR BREAKING; NORMAL-STATE; APEX-OXYGEN; YBA2CU3O7 AB Based on previous calculations of the isotope effect (IE) in superconductors, we present a detailed study of the influence of non-adiabaticity and magnetic impurities on the value of the isotope coefficient (IC). We focus on the combined effect of these factors and examine how their relative weight affects the IC. The isotope effect of the superconducting critical temperature T-c, and of the penetration depth delta are discussed. It is shown that both non-adiabaticity and magnetic impurities have to be taken into account to describe the oxygen isotope effect of Pr-doped and oxygen-depleted YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO). The calculations suggest that the effect of magnetic impurities is stronger for Pr-doped than for O-depleted YBCO. We also present new results for the IC of delta in O-depleted YBCO. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-3277 J9 Z PHYS B CON MAT JI Z. Phys. B-Condens. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 4 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1007/s002570050523 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YM561 UT WOS:000071077100031 ER PT J AU Glesener, JW Lin, HB Morrish, AA AF Glesener, JW Lin, HB Morrish, AA TI Field emission from cleaved diamond fibers SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE field emission; cleaved diamond fibers; power spectral density ID PHOTOEMISSION; FABRICATION; EMITTER; FILMS; NOISE AB Diamond fibers 100-200 mu m in diameter were investigated as electron emitters. Uniform, straight boron doped fibers were grown on tungsten and sapphire fiber cores. The field emitting surface was created by mechanically cleaving the polycrystalline fiber perpendicular to the fiber axis, a procedure in which it was assumed the necessary morphology would be present for field emission. Other than cleaving, no other special surface or bulk treatments were employed. Voltage dependence and noise power spectral density (PSD) measurements were carried out on the field emission current. A subset of the diamond coated sapphire fibers exhibited electron emission at a factor of 5 reduction in the applied field as compared to the tungsten core fibers. Within experimental error, the PSD exhibited a f(-1.5) dependence on frequency. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glesener, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00413-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400038 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Broussard, PR Cestone, VC Osofsky, MS Browning, VM Reeves, ME Prusseit, W AF Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Broussard, PR Cestone, VC Osofsky, MS Browning, VM Reeves, ME Prusseit, W TI Structural inhomogeneities in thin epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7-delta and their effects on superconducting properties SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE superconductivity; inhomogeneities ID ENERGY-DISPERSIVE DIFFRACTION; PENETRATION-DEPTH; MICROSCOPIC INHOMOGENEITIES; CONVENTIONAL MULTILAYERS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; REACTIVE EVAPORATION; OXYGEN-CONTENT; HIGH-TC; X-RAYS; CRYSTALS AB Structural inhomogeneities in thin single-crystal films of YBa2Cu3O7-delta are characterized using high resolution X-ray diffraction. Results of these measurements show a distribution in the c-axis lattice parameter and variations in the integrated intensities of (OOl) diffraction peaks. Both effects can be interpreted as due to a variance in the oxygen content. Films prepared under identical growth conditions, when subjected to different post-annealing treatments showed varying structural and superconducting properties. A film with 7-delta close to 7.0 had a transition temperature (T-c) of 91 K, a width (Delta T-c) of 0.6 K, and a critical current density (J(c)) of 6.5 x 10(6) A/cm(2), whereas a film in which the oxygen content varied between 6.86 and 6.96 had a T-c of 87 K, a Delta T-c of 0.5 K, and a J(c) of 8.17 x 10(6) A/cm(2). For each of the samples measured, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (006) diffraction peak ranged between 340 and 2100 are-seconds and was dependent on the method of preparation and the substrate. The J(c)s of these films were not sensitive to the quality of the film, as determined from the FWHM of the (006) peak, and the oxygen content, as determined from the (005) to (006) integrated intensity ratio. High resolution X-ray topographs showed uniform microstructure of the films, indicating that oxygen distribution is finely dispersed in the film. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E10, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00597-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400077 ER PT J AU Godbey, DJ Buckley, LJ Purdy, AP Snow, AW AF Godbey, DJ Buckley, LJ Purdy, AP Snow, AW TI Copper diffusion in organic polymer resists and inter-level dielectrics SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE Cu diffusion; polyimides; polymer film; 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone AB In future generation microelectronic devices, it is anticipated that back end of the line processing may incorporate interconnects composed of Cu metal, and inter-level dielectrics composed of organic polymers. Ln this study, we examined a number of commercially available and new NRL synthesized organic polymer systems towards Cu metal incorporation in the film during application. All the polyimides examined transported Cu, in large part due to the ability of the solvent, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), to dissolve Cu. We report examples where the solvent is largely responsible for Cu incorporation into the polymer film, and examples where the polymer and not the solvent is responsible for Cu transport into the film polymethyl methacrylate. Three preparations examined in this study, polystyrene, Teflon AF, and 1,3,5-tris(2-allyloxy-hexafluoro-2-propyl)benzene/poly methyl hydrosiloxane, were found to resist Cu diffusion. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buckley, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6125, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM buckley@cef.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00488-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400086 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Godbey, D Buckley, L AF Purdy, AP Godbey, D Buckley, L TI The dissolution of copper in common solvents used for low dielectric polymers SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE copper; dissolution; solvents; polymers AB A major issue with copper metallization is the diffusion and/or dissolution of copper into polymers used as insulating dielectric layers in microelectronic devices. Polymers are typically deposited by spin-coating. But when substrate-polymer interactions are studied, the process by which the polymer is deposited must be carefully considered. For example, what roles do the solvent or the curing conditions play in bringing copper into the polymer film? In this study, we focus on a frequently neglected aspect of the problem - that of solvent interactions with the copper. We have examined the ability of commonly used solvents to dissolve copper under oxygen atmospheres. For this study, copper turnings were stirred with the pure solvent under O-2. The presence of copper in solution was determined with spot tests, and solid reaction products were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction. Copper was found to dissolve in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, anisole, methylisobutylketone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, gamma-butyrolactone, dimethylacetamide, water, methylmethacrylate, m-cresol, and sulfolane in the presence of oxygen, but not in toluene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, acetone, ethylacetate and tetrahydrofuran. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 486 EP 489 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00489-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400089 ER PT J AU Hu, YZ Gutmann, RJ Chow, TP Bussmann, K Cheng, SF Prinz, GA AF Hu, YZ Gutmann, RJ Chow, TP Bussmann, K Cheng, SF Prinz, GA TI Chemical-mechanical polishing as an enabling technology for giant magnetoresistance devices SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE chemical-mechanical polishing; giant magnetoresistance; silicon nitride; contact resistivity ID DEPOSITED SILICON-NITRIDE; HYDROGEN CONTENT AB Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) devices, integrated with conventional Si interconnects (ICs), are promising candidates for future data-storage applications. Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), a surface smoothing and planarization process, is anticipated to be a key technology in the demonstration of full functionality of such GMR components. In this work, we report on the fabrication of GMR device elements through chemical-mechanical polishing of silicon nitride interlevel dielectrics (no). Our results show that the silicon nitride polishing process using commercially available slurries and pads is compatible with copper interconnects and copper metallized GMR elements. Contact resistivity between Cu and Cu as low as 5 x 10(-10) Omega-cm(2) has been achieved with the CMP process and related processing techniques, as obtained by de-embedding the contact resistance from GMR device measurements. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect & Elect Mfg, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gutmann, RJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect & Elect Mfg, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00495-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400102 ER PT J AU Dyka, CT Ingel, RP Kirby, GC AF Dyka, CT Ingel, RP Kirby, GC TI Stabilizing the retarded potential method for transient fluid-structure interaction problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic fluid; boundary element; fluid-structure; retarded potential; stability; transient AB The Retarded Potential (RP) method, which is a boundary element technique and non-local in both space and time, is employed to discretize the fluid domain for the analysis of transient fluid-structure interaction problems. The retarded potential analysis program RPFS is coupled to the ABAQUS non-linear finite element code to form ABAQUS/RPFS. The standard RP is inherently unstable for time steps below a critical time step that is equal to the maximum distance in the fluid divided by the wave speed. A technique referred to as the Figueiredo method is used to convert the standard RP differential-delay equations for the fluid to simply delay equations, which are more stable. The Figueiredo approach extends the stability range of the standard RP by a factor of approximately 10-20, but this time step is still not small enough to be useful for analysis. Digital signal processing methods are used to further stabilize the response of the fluid by removing the oscillating high-frequency noise in the time histories of the solution without introducing phase shifting or any significant damping. Stability of the coupled system is achieved by not extrapolating the structural accelerations. ABAQUS/RPFS is applied to both a rigid and elastic sphere subjected to a plane wave, and the results using the full time histories required are completely stable and quite accurate. With this procedure, the retarded potential method may yet prove to be a valuable analysis tool for transient fluid-structure interaction problems. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Dyka, CT (reprint author), GEOCENTERS INC,10903 INDIAN HEAD HIGHWAY,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 20 BP 3767 EP 3783 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA YA185 UT WOS:A1997YA18500005 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Marsh, SP Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Marsh, SP Masumura, RA TI Determination of the sweep constant in normal grain growth SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE normal grain growth; stochastic component; sweep constant AB The normal grain growth sweep constant, theta*, is determined from a volume-based continuity equation, and equivalent forms of theta* are given for various distribution parameters and normalization factors. A simple algorithm to obtain theta* from experimental data is also presented. The significance of introducing a stochastic component to the grain growth is described, and the extension of the sweep constant concept to particle coarsening is discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00434-6 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600008 ER PT J AU Marsh, SP Glicksman, ME AF Marsh, SP Glicksman, ME TI Ostwald ripening in non-spherical morphologies SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE distributional analysis; non-spherical morphologies; Ostwald ripening AB A statistical theory of Ostwald ripening has been extended to describe the diffusion-limited coarsening of non-spherical convex interfaces. Distributional analysis is performed on a series of interfacial patches, where the patches and adjacent isopotential surfaces have a common fixed ratio of principal curvatures. Results of this analysis are expressed in terms of a dimensionless shape factor that ranges from zero for spherical interfaces to unity for cylindrical surfaces. Coarsening rate constants are calculated as a function of both the precipitate volume fraction and this geometric shape factor. Application of these results to ripening of ellipsoidal precipitates and other morphologies are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY. RP Marsh, SP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. OI Glicksman, Martin/0000-0002-2675-2759 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00440-1 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600017 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Kepple, PC AF Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Kepple, PC TI Radiative properties of a low atomic number hohlraum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; OPTICALLY THICK PLASMAS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; ELEMENTS; DRIVE AB Detailed calculations of the radiative properties of a planar, laser-driven Al hohlraum are presented. It is found that the spatial symmetry of some of the x-ray lines exceeds that of the continuum, which is related to their ability to scatter the line photons with only a weak temperature dependence. This beneficial self-symmetrizing property of such a hohlraum contrasts with its poor x-ray conversion efficiency. Mixing several elements of low atomic number is likely to improve the efficiency. [S0031-9007(97)04340-8]. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,RADIAT HYDRODYNAM BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 17 BP 3190 EP 3193 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3190 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC782 UT WOS:A1997YC78200024 ER PT J AU Strohkendl, FP Axenson, TJ Larsen, RJ Dalton, LR Hellwarth, RW Kafafi, ZH AF Strohkendl, FP Axenson, TJ Larsen, RJ Dalton, LR Hellwarth, RW Kafafi, ZH TI Observation of the lowest lying electric-dipole-allowed two-photon resonance in C-60 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID 3RD-ORDER OPTICAL NONLINEARITY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; THIN-FILMS; SOLID C60; DISPERSION; FULLERENE; ENERGY; ELECTROABSORPTION; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION AB We use time-resolved degenerate four-wavemixing (DFWM) with femtosecond pulses in the wavelength range 0.74-1.7 mu m to measure both phase and amplitude of all nonvanishing elements of the electronic third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor c(ijkl)(-omega,omega,omega,-omega) of a 10 mu m amorphous C-60 film on a CaF2 substrate. Linear absorption is found to be less than 1% in this range. We find a single resonance in DFWM, the amplitudes and phases of which are fit well by a Lorentzian model of a two-photon resonance to a level 2.7 +/- 0.1 eV above the ground level, with width 0.25 eV. The peak two-photon absorption coefficient is 0.02 cm/MW, essentially the same peak value as for bulk gallium arsenide, one of the strongest and mast widely studied of the two-photon absorbers. Our results show there is only one two-photon allowed transition below 3.4 eV (as well as below the first one-photon transition), an unambiguous signature which is expected from theory, Theory assigns the symmetry H-g to this lowest lying two-photon state, We see a clearly nonresonant long-wavelength limit for the third-order optical susceptibility tensor which is 250 +/- 70 times the known long-wavelength limit for fused quartz (our nonlinear standard). This result is at least an order-of-magnitude larger than any of several theoretical predictions. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT CHEM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 23 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 43 BP 8802 EP 8807 DI 10.1021/jp9639096 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YD604 UT WOS:A1997YD60400025 ER PT J AU Bodnar, JW AF Bodnar, JW TI Programming the Drosophila embryo SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEGMENTATION GENE HUNCHBACK; PAIR-RULE GENES; EUKARYOTIC DNA ORGANIZATION; EVEN-SKIPPED PROTEIN; DORSAL VENTRAL AXIS; GERM-BAND EMBRYO; PATTERN-FORMATION; FUSHI-TARAZU; GAP GENES; REGULATORY ELEMENTS AB A critical step in understanding the mechanisms of development is in defining the steps at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels in the developmental program for a given organism-so that given the egg one can predict not only how the embryo will develop but also how that embryo evolved from its ancestors. Using methods employed by chemists and engineers in modeling hierarchical systems, I have integrated current theory and experiment into a calculational method that can model early Drosophila embryogenesis on a personal computer. This quantitative calculational tool is simple enough to be useful for experimentalists in designing experiments yet detailed enough for theoreticians to derive new insights on the evolution of developmental genetic networks. By integrating the strengths of theoretical and experimental methods into a single engineering model that can compute the cascade of genetic networks in a real organism, I provide a new calculational tool that can apply current theory to current experimental data to study the evolution of developmental programs. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Bodnar, JW (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 175 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 188 IS 4 BP 391 EP & DI 10.1006/jtbi.1996.0328 PG 64 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA YH104 UT WOS:A1997YH10400001 PM 9367733 ER PT J AU Walters, DL Bradford, LW AF Walters, DL Bradford, LW TI Measurements of r(0) and theta(0): two decades and 18 sites SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ISOPLANATIC ANGLE AB We present a statistical analysis of r(0) and theta(0) measurements collected over the last 2 decades at 18 different sites. Although the site altitudes varied from sea level to 3 km, the major distinguishing feature between average r(0) values was the presence or absence of a turbulent, atmospheric boundary layer above the surface. For locations without a strong boundary-layer inversion, the mean coherence length, r(0), was 93 +/- 6 mm and the mean isoplanatic angle, theta(0), was 9.4 +/- 0.5 mu rad. Where a boundary-layer inversion was present, the corresponding values for r(0) and theta(0) were 53 +/- 2 mm and 6.5 +/- 0.5 mu rad,respectively. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Walters, DL (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 30 BP 7876 EP 7886 DI 10.1364/AO.36.007876 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA YB133 UT WOS:A1997YB13300058 PM 18264316 ER PT J AU Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM AF Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM TI Real time observation of surface kinetics during the self-assembly of Ga chains on Si(112) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESORPTION; ENERGETICS; GROWTH; SI AB Single wavelength reflectance difference anisotropy (RDA) has been used to study the kinetics of the self-assembly of Ga atom chains on faceted Si(ll) surfaces. The formation of the chains is followed from the initial deposition through changes in the surface reconstruction from (5x1) to (6x1). We present a simple Monte Carlo model to account for the time evolution of the RDA signal as a function of temperature and experimentally determined kinetic parameters. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Glembocki, OJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 16 BP 2355 EP 2357 DI 10.1063/1.120428 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YB436 UT WOS:A1997YB43600044 ER PT J AU Montes, MJ Weiler, KW Panagia, N AF Montes, MJ Weiler, KW Panagia, N TI An H II region associated with SN 1978K? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; radiocontinuum, ISM; supernovae, individual (SN 1978K) ID NRAO PMN SURVEYS; RADIO-EMISSION; GALAXY NGC-1313; LIGHT CURVES; SUPERNOVA; SPECTRUM; SN-1988Z; WIND AB A reanalysis of the radio data for the supernova (SN) 1978K from Ryder et al. clearly shows the expected early-time radio flux density evolution that is characteristic of normal Type II supernovae. However, for the first time ever seen in a radio supernova, the data indicate the need for a time-independent, free-free absorption component along the line of sight. We interpret this constant absorption term as indicative of the presence of an H II region along the line of sight to SN 1978K. More speculatively, this could represent a part of an region associated with the progenitor of SN 1978K. From the available optical and radio data, it is possible not only to describe the characteristics of the circumstellar medium around SN 1978K giving rise to its radio emission, but also to estimate the properties for this intervening H II region. It thus appears that low-frequency observations of radio supernovae at late times may aid in the detection of H II regions along the line of sight, possibly related to the presupernova star's formation environment. C1 SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,ESA,DEPT SPACE SCI,DIV ASTROPHYS,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Montes, MJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7214,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP 792 EP 798 DI 10.1086/304727 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB992 UT WOS:A1997YB99200028 ER PT J AU Cargill, PJ Spicer, DS Zalesak, ST AF Cargill, PJ Spicer, DS Zalesak, ST TI Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of Alfvenic pulse propagation in solar magnetic flux tubes: Two-dimensional slab geometries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun, corona; Sun, magnetic fields; waves ID REBOUND SHOCK MODEL; CORONA; SPICULES; CHROMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; LOOPS; WAVES AB Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations are presented of the evolution of a nonlinear Alfven wave pulse in the region between the solar photosphere and corona. A magnetic field profile that incorporates the characteristic field spreading expected in flux tubes is used. The pulse is chosen initially to have a purely Alfvenic polarization and to extend over a limited horizontal distance. It is shown that as this pulse rises in the atmosphere, it becomes wedge-shaped. The part of the pulse at the center of the flux tube reaches the transition region first, with other parts arriving at a time that is determined by the history of the Alfven speed along the path of the wave. Since field lines that spread out from the center of the flux tube spend longer in the high-density photosphere and chromosphere, and also have a smaller total field strength, waves that travel along them will take longer to reach the corona. The nonlinearity of the Alfvenic pulse drives a plasma flow both parallel to the ambient magnetic field and in a direction normal to the field, owing to transverse modulation of the Alfvenic pulse. The pulse associated with this plasma flow is also wedge-shaped, but the actual shape is different from that of the Alfvenic pulse. Since these plasma flows are compressible, they propagate at a different characteristic speed from the Alfven waves, and so can reach the transition region either before or after the Alfven pulse, the precise result depending on the plasma parameters. As the compressible pulse moves upward, a finite-sized blob of chromospheric material is injected into the corona. The relevance of this to spicules and jets is discussed. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED, BLACKETT LAB, CTR COMPUTAT SCI, LONDON SW7 2BZ, ENGLAND. RP USN, RES LAB, DIV PLASMA PHYS, BEAM PHYS BRANCH, CODE 6790, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP 854 EP 866 DI 10.1086/304715 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB992 UT WOS:A1997YB99200035 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, RM AF Bevilacqua, RM TI Introduction to special section: Polar ozone and aerosol measurement (POAM II) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSTRUMENT RP Bevilacqua, RM (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, REMOTE SENSING DIV, CODE 7220, 4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D19 BP 23591 EP 23592 DI 10.1029/97JD02331 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC171 UT WOS:A1997YC17100030 ER PT J AU Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Krigman, SS Kriebel, DL Debrestian, DJ Randall, CE Rusch, DW Brogniez, C Ramananaherisoa, R Shettle, EP Olivero, JJ Lenoble, J Pruvost, P AF Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Krigman, SS Kriebel, DL Debrestian, DJ Randall, CE Rusch, DW Brogniez, C Ramananaherisoa, R Shettle, EP Olivero, JJ Lenoble, J Pruvost, P TI POAM II retrieval algorithm and error analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; NM REGION; OZONE; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRUM; NO2; INVERSION AB We present a detailed discussion of the version 5 algorithms used to analyze the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement II (FOAM II) solar occultation data. As this version is primarily an ozone and aerosol retrieval, the scope of the paper is limited to these constituents. Forward model algorithms for calculating atmospheric transmittance in the nine FOAM II spectral channels are presented, as well as detailed instrument simulation models used to generate synthetic data. Inversion of FOAM II data is accomplished in two sequential steps, using the method of optimal estimation. A nonlinear spectral inversion is performed first, which simultaneously inverts the measured slant optical depth profiles in all channels to obtain the separate gas and aerosol optical depth components. Inversion of the slant path line of sight integral then yields altitude profiles of constituent density and aerosol extinction. Examples of both real and simulated retrievals are presented, and comparisons are made between retrievals obtained with the version 5 operational algorithm and an independent algorithm developed at the Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique, University of Lille, Lille, France. A detailed error analysis is also presented, providing estimates of the total random and systematic error budget for the ozone and aerosol retrievals. The results of this analysis indicate random errors of 5% or less in the ozone retrievals in the 10- to 50-km range. Random errors in the retrieved aerosol extinction are estimated to be 10 to 20% in the primary 1060-nm channel, increasing to 20 to 30% at 352 nm. Total systematic errors are estimated to be less than 5% for ozone and as much as 10 to 15% in the 1060-nm aerosol extinction and are primarily caused by systematic biases in the National Center for-Environmental Prediction (NCEP) temperatures used in the analysis. Analysis of the retrieval averaging kernels shows that under present aerosol loading conditions, aerosol feedback into the ozone retrievals introduces biases of less than 2% at all altitudes. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. UNIV SCI & TECH LILLE FLANDRES ARTOIS, OPT ATMOSPHER LAB, VILLENEUVE DASCQ, FRANCE. EMBRY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV, DEPT PHYS SCI, DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114 USA. UNIV COLORADO, ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP Lumpe, JD (reprint author), COMPUTAT PHYS INC, 2750 PROSPER AVE 600, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA. RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 43 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D19 BP 23593 EP 23614 DI 10.1029/97JD00906 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC171 UT WOS:A1997YC17100031 ER PT J AU Rusch, DW Bevilacqua, RM Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Hoppel, KW Fromm, MD Debrestian, DJ Olivero, JJ Hornstein, JH Guo, F Shettle, EP AF Rusch, DW Bevilacqua, RM Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Hoppel, KW Fromm, MD Debrestian, DJ Olivero, JJ Hornstein, JH Guo, F Shettle, EP TI Validation of POAM ozone measurements with conincident MLS, HALOE, and SAGE II observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL AB Ozone measurements from the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (FOAM) experiment launched in September 1993 are compared with those from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), and the Stratosphere Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II). The comparisons extend over the period from February 1994 to April 1995. FOAM is in excellent agreement with the comparison instruments above 22 km. The agreement is generally in the 5-7% range and is substantially smaller than the instrumental errors, Below 22 km, FOAM tends to have lower ozone densities than the other instruments, reaching differences of nearly 20% at the lowest altitudes. We discuss the implications of these low-altitude differences in the context of systematic measurement errors in the comparison instruments. The accuracy of the FOAM ozone measurements is demonstrated by comparing zonal means and standard deviations of the three data sets. The large number of comparisons with satellite instruments demonstrate that the FOAM ozone data are valid within the instrumental errors and that the precision and accuracy of the data are adequate for scientific investigation and interpretation. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. COMPUTAT PHYS INC, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA. EMBRY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV, DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114 USA. RP Rusch, DW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB, CAMPUS BOX 392, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D19 BP 23615 EP 23627 DI 10.1029/97JD00458 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC171 UT WOS:A1997YC17100032 ER PT J AU Deniel, C Dalaudier, F Chassefiere, E Bevilacqua, RM Shettle, EP Hoppel, KW Hornstein, JS Lumpe, JD Rusch, DW Randall, CE AF Deniel, C Dalaudier, F Chassefiere, E Bevilacqua, RM Shettle, EP Hoppel, KW Hornstein, JS Lumpe, JD Rusch, DW Randall, CE TI A comparative study of POAM II and electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde measurements obtained over northern Europe SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOL; VALIDATION; MODELS AB Ozone profiles measured by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (FOAM II) instrument (version 5 retrievals) flown on the SPOT 3 spacecraft are compared with coincident electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde profiles at 11 stations over polar northern regions. The comparison study extends from December 1993 to March 1996 and contains about 500 coincidences. The satellite and ozonesonde profile coincidences are averaged separately for winter and nonwinter periods and for winter coincidences occurring inside and outside of the polar vortex. The mean differences versus altitude show a dependence on the latitude separation between the sondes and the FOAM II measurements. The best estimate of the biases between the FOAM II and the ECC ozone measurements is obtained after removal of the latitudinal gradient effect on the relative mean differences for the dynamically quiet nonwinter periods. The biases are negative at all altitudes indicating that the FOAM version 5 retrievals are low relative to the ECC sondes. The magnitude of this bias ranges from 2-3% near the lowest and highest altitudes of profile overlap (17 and 30 km) to 7.6% from 21 to 24 km, which is comparable to the evaluated errors of both instruments. C1 CNRS, SERV AERON, F-91371 VERRIERES LE BUISSON, FRANCE. CPI INC, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA. UNIV COLORADO, ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP Deniel, C (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, CODE 7227, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D19 BP 23629 EP 23642 DI 10.1029/97JD01665 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC171 UT WOS:A1997YC17100033 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, RM Aellig, CP Debrestian, DJ Fromm, MD Hoppel, K Lumpe, JD Shettle, EP Hornstein, JS Randall, CE Rusch, DW Rosenfield, JE AF Bevilacqua, RM Aellig, CP Debrestian, DJ Fromm, MD Hoppel, K Lumpe, JD Shettle, EP Hornstein, JS Randall, CE Rusch, DW Rosenfield, JE TI POAM II ozone observations in the Antarctic ozone hole in 1994, 1995, and 1996 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; RECORD LOW OZONE; ATMOS/ATLAS-3 MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; UARS MLS; SAGE-II; INSTRUMENT; TRANSPORT; DEPLETION; DYNAMICS AB We present an overview of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (FOAM) II satellite-based observations of ozone in the Antarctic ozone hole in 1994, 1995, and 1996. The FOAM II observations are consistent with previous observations suggesting that ozone loss in the ozone hole is confined to the polar vortex. Ozone concentrations are observed to decrease by nearly a factor of 10 near 20 km during the ozone hole formation period, and a reduction in ozone was observed up to 24 km. The timing of ozone loss and recovery was similar in each year. Ozone concentrations begin to decrease in July, and the period of largest depletion observed by FOAM II occurs between early September and early October, when the observations are obtained at high southern latitudes (82(0)-88(0)S) near the vortex center. However, ozone concentrations were consistently lower (by about 10%) in 1996, throughout the atone hole altitude region and time period, than in the other two years. We have also used the POAM II observations to compute vertical profiles of monthly averaged ozone photochemical loss rates as a function of potential temperature in August (450-800 K); and September (450-700 K) of each year, incorporating a correction for diabatic descent. We find that the ozone loss rates are not significantly different from zero in August 1994 at any potential temperature level. However, we do find significant chemical loss in August 1995 below 600 K, and in August 1996 at all levels up to 700 K. Maximum monthly averaged ozone chemical loss rates occurred in September near 500 K in each year (1994: 0.1 +/- 0.004 parts per million by volume per day (ppmv/d); 1995 and 1996: 0.08 +/- 0.004 ppmv/d). Generally, in September, loss rates were larger in 1994 than in 1995 and 1996 below 550 K, and above 550 K the largest loss rates occurred in 1996. We find significant chemical loss up to at least 706 K in September in all three years. Finally, the FOAM II observations show that in late spring, after the ozone hole chemical processing has been completed, ozone mixing ratios are lower inside the Antarctic vortex (relative to outside the vortex) at all levels between at least 450 K and 1500 K, presumably resulting from a combination of dynamical and chemical effects. C1 COMPUTAT PHYS INC, FAIRFAX, VA 22301 USA. UNIV COLORADO, ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. GEN SCI CORP, LAUREL, MD USA. GEORGE MASON UNIV, INST COMPUTAT SCI & INFORMAT, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA. RP Bevilacqua, RM (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, 4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW, CODE 7220, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D19 BP 23643 EP 23657 DI 10.1029/97JD01623 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC171 UT WOS:A1997YC17100034 ER PT J AU Fromm, MD Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Shettle, EP Hornstein, J Massie, ST Fricke, KH AF Fromm, MD Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Shettle, EP Hornstein, J Massie, ST Fricke, KH TI Observations of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds by POAM II: 1994-1996 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SAM-II; AEROSOL; OZONE; DEPLETION; DISTRIBUTIONS; INSTRUMENT; LIDAR; PSCS AB The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (FOAM) II solar occultation instrument has made extensive measurements of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) since launch in September 1993. In a polar orbit similar to that of the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement (SAM) II experiment but measuring to within 2 degrees latitude of the south pole, FOAM II observations of PSCs provide a valuable geographic and temporal extension of the SAM II PSC climatology. The cloud detection algorithm used to identify PSCs from FOAM II measurements is described. FOAM II PSC data are also examined in comparison with coincident lidar PSC observations. Results from the 1994 to 1996 Antarctic fall/winter/spring seasons are presented and related qualitatively to the SAM II PSC climatology. The frequency of PSC occurrence increases during the Antarctic winter, reaching a maximum of about 71% of all FOAM II measurements in August. There is a strong longitudinal variation in the cloud frequency, which is closely related to longitudinal temperature patterns A broad minimum in PSC frequency is centered near the international dateline and a broad maximum is centered about 315 degrees E, in:the lee of the Antarctic Peninsula, where the PSC frequency is about twice that near the minimum. In May, PSCs are observed at an average altitude of 24 km, with the altitudes moving downward as the altitude of the coldest air descends within the polar vortex during the winter. By October the average PSC altitude is 17 km. C1 USN, RES LAB, DIV REMOTE SENSING, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV BONN, INST PHYS, D-53115 BONN, GERMANY. RP Fromm, MD (reprint author), COMPUTAT PHYS INC, 2750 PROSPER AVE, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 26 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D19 BP 23659 EP 23672 DI 10.1029/97JD00794 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC171 UT WOS:A1997YC17100035 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Symmetry considerations based upon 2-D EH dyadic Green's functions for inhomogeneous microstrip ferrite circulators SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microstrip circulator; dyadic Green's function; symmetric; s-parameters; electromagnetic fields AB The EH Green's function is derived under three circulator conditions, three-, four-, and six-fold geometric symmetry, from the general arbitrarily placed ports expression for inhomogeneous ferrite lending. Using these Green's functions, the multiport s-parameters and electric field are found. A large reduction in the number of Green's function elements which must be evaluated occurs. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,MICROWAVE TECHNOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 176 EP 186 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2760(19971020)16:3<176::AID-MOP14>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA XX486 UT WOS:A1997XX48600014 ER PT J AU Thompson, CA Rice, JK Russell, TP Seminario, JM Politzer, P AF Thompson, CA Rice, JK Russell, TP Seminario, JM Politzer, P TI Vibrational analysis of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CORRELATION-ENERGY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-GAS; DECOMPOSITION; APPROXIMATION; FREQUENCIES; EXCHANGE AB Infrared spectra of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), (O2N)(2)-C(CH)(2)N-NO2, were obtained for samples evaporated from a Knudsen Cell and codeposited with argon on a 15 K IR window. Spectra of matrix-isolated TNAZ and isotopically labeled TNAZ are used to assign 24 of the 45 fundamental molecular vibrations. Comparisons among experimental spectra and spectra calculated using Hartree-Fock (HF), second-order Moller-Plesset theory (MP2) and three density functional theory (DFT) methods indicate that DFT gives a more accurate vibrational description than MP2 or HF. The DFT approach was further explored using the BP86 and the hybrid B3P86 and B3LYP methods, Overall best results were obtained with BP86 and B3LYP. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. RI Seminario, Jorge/C-9646-2012 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 42 BP 7742 EP 7748 DI 10.1021/jp971173m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YB795 UT WOS:A1997YB79500010 ER PT J AU Cowan, DN Gray, GC DeFraites, RF AF Cowan, DN Gray, GC DeFraites, RF TI Birth defects among children of Persian Gulf War veterans - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. USA,OFF SURG GEN,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22041. RP Cowan, DN (reprint author), US DEPT DEF,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22041, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 16 BP 1176 EP 1176 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA912 UT WOS:A1997YA91200028 ER PT J AU George, C Purdy, AP AF George, C Purdy, AP TI Tetrakis (ethylenediamine)yttrium(III) hydrosulfide iodide SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES AB An yttrium hydrosulfide complex, [Y(H2NCH2CH2NH2)(4)](SH)(2.72)I-0.28, was synthesized by solvothermal methods. The Y(en)(4)(3+) and SH-ions are well separated, and the Y atom is coordinated in a distorted square antiprism by the eight N atoms and lies on a twofold axis. The Y-N distances are in the range 2.488 (4)2.520 (4) Angstrom. There are two hydrosulfide sites, the one on the twofold axis being partially occupied by an iodide ion. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP George, C (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 1381 EP 1383 DI 10.1107/S010827019700749X PN 10 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA YD280 UT WOS:A1997YD28000007 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR FlippenAnderson, JL Moore, C Cudney, R George, C AF Deschamps, JR FlippenAnderson, JL Moore, C Cudney, R George, C TI Tyrosinium-D-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate 1.5-hydrate and tyrosyl-D-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide hydrate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Crystals of the two dipeptide title compounds, Tyr-D-Tic, C19H20N2O4.1.5H(2)O, and Tyr-D-Tic-NH2, C19H21N3O3.H2O, were prepared by the sitting-drop method. Tyr-D-Tic is orthorhombic (P2(1)2(1)2(1)) and crystallizes as a zwitterion. The asymmetric unit contains two peptide molecules and three molecules of water. Tyr-D-Tic-NH2 crystals are monoclinic (P2(1)), the asymmetric unit containing one peptide molecule and one molecule of water. Despite some differences in packing, the conformation of the two dipeptides is almost identical (r.m.s. deviation for non-H atoms is approximately 0.18 Angstrom). C1 HAMPTON RES,LAGUNA HILLS,CA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 1478 EP 1482 DI 10.1107/S0108270197006975 PN 10 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA YD280 UT WOS:A1997YD28000051 PM 9362554 ER PT J AU Randall, DA Martin, PJ AF Randall, DA Martin, PJ TI Use of adhesive nasal strips for nasal obstruction SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter ID VALVE; PHYSIOLOGY RP Randall, DA (reprint author), USN HOSP,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG,BOX 10100,CAMP LEJEUNE,NC 28547, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1578 EP & PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YC801 UT WOS:A1997YC80100005 PM 9351426 ER PT J AU Otterson, GA Kaye, FJ AF Otterson, GA Kaye, FJ TI A 'core ATPase', Hsp70-like structure is conserved in human, rat, and C-elegans STCH proteins SO GENE LA English DT Article DE ionophore A23187; cloning; heat shock; protein chaperone; phylogram ID HEAT-SHOCK; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CHAPERONES; CYCLE; CELL AB We have identified the rat and Caenorhabditis elegans homologues of a 'core ATPase'-encoding Hsp70-like gene, designated Stch. We observed that the human, rat, and C. elegans Stch genes have conserved a stop codon immediately distal to the sequence encoding the Hsp70 ATPase domain. This results in the functional equivalent of an N-terminal, proteolytically cleaved fragment of Hsc70/BiP. Each homologue contains a hydrophobic signal sequence, demonstrates striking identity within the Hsp70 ATPase domain, and retains a similar C-terminal sequence (STCH specific cluster III) that is unique among Hsp70 proteins and which truncates the peptide binding domain. In addition, we have identified an internal 35-aa region that is homologous to the minimal sequence of the Hip chaperone co-factor that is required for direct binding to the ATPase domain of Hsp70. Adjacent to this region, the rat and human STCH protein sequences diverge within a short internal 'insertion' sequence that interrupts the ATPase subdomain between the phosphate-2 and adenosine ATP-binding sites. We have also demonstrated that both human and rat Stch are constitutively produced and are induced by the calcium ionophore A23187, but not by heat shock. The recognition that the truncated 'core ATPase' structure of the STCH molecule is conserved in human, rat, and C. elegans tissues suggests an important role for this unique member of the membrane-bound Hsp70 family. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN HOSP,DEPT GENET,MED BRANCH,DIV CLIN SCI,NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20889. RI kaye, frederic/E-2437-2011 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 199 IS 1-2 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00383-1 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB732 UT WOS:A1997YB73200036 PM 9358068 ER PT J AU Fedder, JA Slinker, SP Lyon, JG Russell, CT Fenrich, FR Luhmann, JG AF Fedder, JA Slinker, SP Lyon, JG Russell, CT Fenrich, FR Luhmann, JG TI A first comparison of POLAR magnetic field measurements and magnetohydrodynamic simulation results for field-aligned currents SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This letter presents comparisons between POLAR magnetic field measurements and results from a global numerical simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere using WIND measurements of the solar wind parameters as input. The comparison shows that the simulation provides a good, representation for the magnetic perturbation associated with an upward Region 1 field-aligned current (FAG) in the prenoon sector. This current system is caused by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) negative B-y component and also features downward current on open field lines at higher latitudes. The results also show effects caused by a gradual rotation of the IMF northward and a sudden return to its initial dawnward direction. The self-consistent simulation Birkeland current pattern at ionospheric altitudes is also presented, and its evolution caused by the IMF rotations is discussed. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HANOVER,NH 03755. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. GEORGE MASON UNIV,INST COMPUTAT SCI & INFORMAT,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. SFA INC,LARGO,MD. RP Fedder, JA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,CODE 6794,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 20 BP 2491 EP 2494 DI 10.1029/97GL02608 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YB602 UT WOS:A1997YB60200014 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS AF Uhm, HS TI A self-consistent nonlinear theory of a premodulated electron beam propagating through a helix-loaded waveguide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; TUBE AMPLIFIER; FIELD-THEORY; TAPE HELIX AB A self-consistent nonlinear theory of a relativistic electron beam propagating through a waveguide loaded with a sheath helix is developed by making use of Maxwell equations. A closed integrodifferential equation is obtained for the normalized beam current described in terms of the normalized time theta and propagation distance zeta. An analytical investigation of the partial integrodifferential equation of the current modulation is carried out by Fourier decomposing the current modulation with harmonic number l. The mode strength c(l)(zeta) is obtained in terms of the spatial oscillation frequency eta(l) and growth rate xi(l) of the mode amplitude, which are, in turn, determined in terms of the electrostatic and helix effects. The spatial oscillation frequency increases as the electrostatic effect (g(l)) increases. On the other hand, the growth rate increases with the strength of the helix effect. It is found that the mode strength c(l) is oscillatory and that it grows during propagation when the spatial frequency eta(l) (the electrostatic effect) is considerably larger than the growth rate xi(l) (the helix effect). Otherwise, the exponential growth dominates. Investigation of the helix mode must include the electrostatic effect for an intense beam. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 8 BP 3710 EP 3721 DI 10.1063/1.365733 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YA572 UT WOS:A1997YA57200008 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Boundary roughness scattering in single and coupled quantum wires in a magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; WELLS AB We investigate magnetic-field-dependent velocity relaxation due to boundary-roughness scattering in quantum wires, using a two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference wave-packet propagation technique. We find that for low disorder correlation lengths and far away from density-of-states singularities associated with subband minima and saddle points, the Born approximation adequately reproduces the qualitative features of the more general 2D results. However, naive application of the Born approximation in regions where disorder-induced broadening or higher-order scattering become important can lead to substantial errors. In particular, the mobility enhancement associated with the opening of a quasigap in coupled quantum wire structures can be overestimated by as much as several orders of magnitude. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5613,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 8 BP 3881 EP 3887 DI 10.1063/1.365691 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YA572 UT WOS:A1997YA57200032 ER PT J AU Ramp, SR Rosenfeld, LK Tisch, TD Hicks, MR AF Ramp, SR Rosenfeld, LK Tisch, TD Hicks, MR TI Moored observations of the current and temperature structure over the continental slope off central California 1. A basic description of the variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-TRAPPED WAVES; FLUX EXPERIMENT NSFE79; SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY; WIND-DRIVEN CURRENTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WEST-COAST; TRANSITION ZONE; SHELF WAVES; LARGE-SCALE; SEASONAL VARIABILITY AB Current meter data have been analyzed from seven moorings on the continental slope along the central California coast, from Point Piedras Blancas to Point Reyes. The goal was to examine the subtidal variability in the 100 m to 1000 m depth range, particularly with regard to alongshore propagating events and interactions with eddies and meanders of the California Current offshore. The 2-year time series available off Point Sur were first analyzed in conjunction with the local and remote surface wind stress and coastal synthetic subsurface pressure, and then correlated with shorter coincident current records moored at similar depths to the north and south. The poleward flowing California Undercurrent was the most prominent feature at all the moorings except at one site located well into the Monterey Submarine Canyon. The strongest poleward flows over the slope occurred in 3- to 4-month bursts, not phase locked with the seasons, with vector speeds exceeding 40 cm s(-1). South of the canyon, an approximately monthly signal was identified which propagated poleward, upward, and offshore. The behavior of this signal was consistent with that of an internal coastal Kelvin wave generated at the surface by remote wind stress to the south and was likely not of equatorial origin. The wave was apparently scattered by the abrupt topography of the canyon, since its energy persisted to the north of the canyon but with unstable phase. At least three eddy-meander interaction events were observed, These warm, deep (>1000 m), anticyclonic features reversed the flow over the slope to equatorward when they moved onshore and interrupted the flow of the undercurrent, One event forced anomalously strong (>15 cm s(-1)) onshore flows off Monterey flay and offshore flows off Point Sur. While quantitative transport estimates could not be made with this sparse data set, it seems apparent that such events play a significant role in the exchange of water properties between the shelf and the deep ocean. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ramp, SR (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 322PO,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 68 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C10 BP 22877 EP 22902 DI 10.1029/97JC00436 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YL698 UT WOS:000070983400001 ER PT J AU Tisch, TD Ramp, SR AF Tisch, TD Ramp, SR TI Moored observations of the current and temperature structure over the continental slope off central California 2. The energetics of the flow off Point Sur SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL TRANSITION ZONE; GULF-STREAM DYNAMICS; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; CURRENT SYSTEM; MEAN FLOW; OCEAN CIRCULATION; EDDY ENERGETICS; VERTICAL MOTION; FLORIDA CURRENT; KINETIC-ENERGY AB The data from two current meter moorings off Point Sur, California, were analyzed to examine the energy transfers over the continental slope in the California Current system (CCS). The method used was to calculate terms in the heat equation at intermediate depths between instruments, using the thermal wind relation to estimate the horizontal temperature gradients from the vertical shear. Time series of u, v, and T were collected for 17 months (May 1989 to October 1990) at site P2 on the 800-m isobath and for 12 months (May 1990 to May 1991) at site P3, 25 km farther offshore on the 1800-m isobath. Instrument depths were 100, 350, and 500 m at both moorings plus 1000 m at site P3. Mean values of the energy conversion terms were computed at sites P2 and P3 at 225 m depth and at site P2 at 425 m depth. The local change of eddy potential energy (EPE) was approximately balanced (partial derivative EPE/partial derivative t approximate to 0) for each case but the dynamics were quite different. At P2 225, the sources of EPE were advection by the mean flow and baroclinic instability, which converted mean potential energy (MPE) to EPE. The losses came from eddy advection out of the region and the vertical eddy heat flux (VEHF), which converted EPE to eddy kinetic energy (EKE). At P2 425, baroclinic instability provided the major source of EPE. This, plus a small positive contribution from the VEHF, was balanced by advection of EPE out of the region by both the mean flow and the eddies. At P3 225, mean advection and baroclinic instability were negligible, and the downward eddy heat flux (VEHF) was balanced by advection of heat out of the region by the eddies. Time series of terms in the EPE equation were used to examine high energy transfer events at both moorings, Events at P2 involved both horizontal and vertical processes and had longer timescales (several days to weeks) than those at P3, which had much shorter timescales (2-5 days) and were: dominated by vertical processes. Compared to the Gulf Stream, the mean baroclinic instability at P2 (both depths) was smaller by at least a factor of 10. A term-by-term comparison between the mean values off Point Sur and the Kuroshio Extension showed different processes, with the eddies gaining strength at the expense of the mean flow off Point Sur and the opposite occurring in the Kuroshio Extension. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tisch, TD (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, R-PDC,1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C10 BP 22903 EP 22920 DI 10.1029/97JC02329 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YL698 UT WOS:000070983400002 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Veronis, G AF Shen, CY Veronis, G TI Numerical simulation of two-dimensional salt fingers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE STAIRCASE; STABILITY; INTERFACE; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; SCALE AB Numerical calculations of unperturbed, regularly spaced fingers in the heat-salt system (with a ratio of salt to heat diffusivities of 1/80) were carried out for a configuration in which a reservoir of uniformly salty, warm fluid lies initially above a reservoir of fresh, cold fluid. Cases were calculated in which the stability ratio, R-rho, was 1.5 and 3.0, and they were calculated for different magnitudes of the destabilizing salt increment, Delta S, expressed in terms of a salt Rayleigh number, R-S. Blobs of fluid with a salt anomaly accumulate at the ends of the evolving fingers. The magnitude and size of the anomaly increase with decreasing R-rho and increasing R-S. The density of those blobs is gravitationally unstable to perturbations. In the range of parameters used in these calculations the ratio of the flux of density due to heat to that due ro salt varies from 0.17 to 0.74 for the unperturbed fingers. Essentially, the flux ratio decreases when the vertical velocity in the fingers is small, so that a relatively large amount of heat is diffused laterally from warm, salty descending fingers to cool, fresh ascending ones. A detailed account of the evolution of the perturbed system describes the various stages of the instability, concluding with the formation of larger structures in the reservoirs, which squash the fingers near the interface, so that isotherms and isohaline contours at midlevel are more or less horizontal. There is an indication of three period doublings in the spacing of the unstable blobs as they penetrate into the lower reservoir. The destruction of the regular array of upright, uniformly spaced fingers appears to be the natural evolution of perturbed systems in which R-rho is near unity and R-S is large. C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C10 BP 23131 EP 23143 DI 10.1029/97JC01580 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YL698 UT WOS:000070983400016 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Mitchell, JL AF Jacobs, GA Mitchell, JL TI Combining multiple altimeter missions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE VARIABILITY; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; WAVE HEIGHT; ORBIT ERROR AB Viewing altimeter data only at che points where separate altimeter missions' ground tracks cross provides a method to observe long time period sea surface height (SSH) variations and avoids many of the problems inherent in combining separate altimeter data sets through an independently determined geoid. TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) data over the time period from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1995, form a mean SSH that is used as a reference by other altimeter data sets. A least squares analysis of the mean T/P SSH determines the portion of the Geographically Correlated Orbit Error (GCOE) that may be observed through crossover differences and removes this portion of the GCOE. The analysis removes errors of 0.86 cm RMS at 1 cycle per orbit revolution (cpr) and indicates negligible errors at higher frequencies. After the GCOE removal, the accuracy of the T/P reference mean is better than 1 cm RMS as measured by crossover differences. The GCOE contained in the Geosat-Exact Repeat Mission (ERM) and ERS 1 data with orbit solutions using the Joint Gravity Model (JGM) 3 is evaluated through an adjustment to the T/P reference mean surface. The Geosat-ERM data indicate a bias of about 28 cm averaged over the globe, and the ERS 1 bias is 44 cm. The T/P data used here is not corrected for the oscillator drift correction error so that the actual bias is less by about 13 cm. Both the Geosat-ERM and ERS 1 GCOE are mainly 1 cpr. GCOE estimates at frequencies above 1 cpr indicate little actual orbit error but are more correlated to instrument correction errors (particularly water vapor). Simultaneous T/P and ERS 1 SSH anomalies to the T/P mean indicate good correlation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C10 BP 23187 EP 23206 DI 10.1029/97JC00980 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YL698 UT WOS:000070983400020 ER PT J AU Tai, XG Toyooka, K Yashiro, Y Abe, R Park, CS Hamaoka, T Kobayashi, M Neben, S Fujiwara, H AF Tai, XG Toyooka, K Yashiro, Y Abe, R Park, CS Hamaoka, T Kobayashi, M Neben, S Fujiwara, H TI CD9-mediated costimulation of TCR-triggered naive T cells leads to activation followed by apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD28 COSTIMULATION; TRANSMEMBRANE-4 SUPERFAMILY; CD28-DEFICIENT MICE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BCL-X; RECEPTOR; ANTIGEN; DEATH; IDENTIFICATION AB The induction of full activation or death in TCR-triggered T cells depends largely on whether appropriate costimulatory signals are provided. In this study, we show that the costimulation of CD9 on naive T cells during TCR stimulation results in transient, albeit potent, activation followed by apoptosis, rather than full activation. Anti-CD9 mAb synergized with suboptimal doses of anti-CD3 mAb in inducing T cell activation. [H-3]TdR incorporation determined 2 days after CD9 costimulation was as potent as that induced by CD28 costimulation. In contrast to progressive T cell proliferation induced by CD28 costimulation, CD9 costimulation led to the induction of apoptosis of once-activated T cells. Although IL-2R expression was induced significantly earlier and to a greater degree after CD9 costimulation than after CD28 costimulation, CD9 costimulation only transiently produced a small amount of IL-2 and induced apparently low levels of bcl-x(L) compared with those observed in CD28 costimulation. Addition of rIL-2 to cultures of CD9 costimulation induced strikingly enhanced expression of bcl proteins, especially of bcl-x(L), and protected TCR-stimulated T cells from apoptosis. These data indicate that CD9-mediated costimulation of TCR-triggered naive T cells leads to activation followed by apoptosis as the result of failure to generate a positive signal for sufficient levels of IL-2 production. C1 OSAKA UNIV,SCH MED,BIOMED RES CTR,SUITA,OSAKA 565,JAPAN. SCI UNIV TOKYO,RES INST BIOL SCI,CHIBA,JAPAN. USN,MED RES INST,IMMUNE CELL BIOL PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. GENET INST INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02140. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 8 BP 3799 EP 3807 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XZ994 UT WOS:A1997XZ99400016 PM 9378967 ER PT J AU Lukin, KA Li, JC Eaton, PE Kanomata, N Hain, J Punzalan, E Gilardi, R AF Lukin, KA Li, JC Eaton, PE Kanomata, N Hain, J Punzalan, E Gilardi, R TI Synthesis and chemistry of 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane including measurement of its acidity, formation of o-nitro anions, and the first preparations of pentanitrocubane and hexanitrocubane SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC SUBSTITUTION; CATALYZED REACTION; CUBANE NUCLEUS; ISOCYANATES; DIMETHYLDIOXIRANE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; NITROCUBANES; METALATION; MOLECULES AB Nitro groups on alternate corners of cubane enhance the acidity of cubyl hydrogen (pK(a) similar to 21) and provide sufficient activation for ready anion formation. The sodium salt of 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane reacts easily with electrophiles and leads thereby to yet more highly substituted cubanes, like carbomethoxy- and (trimethylsilyl)tetranitrocubane. Anions from these species are also easily formed and are useful for further substitution on the cubane nucleus. Dinitrogen tetraoxide reacts with the anion of tetranitrocubane to give 1,2,3,5,7-pentanitrocubane, the first cubane to contain vicinal nitro groups. The reaction probably involves oxidation of the anion to the corresponding radical. Similarly, the anion of pentanitrocubane is used to prepare 1,2,3,4,5,7-hexanitrocubane, the most highly nitrated cubane made to date. Single-crystal X-ray structural information is given for both penta- and hexanitrocubane. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Kanomata, Nobuhiro/A-4948-2011 OI Kanomata, Nobuhiro/0000-0002-5266-9756 NR 58 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 41 BP 9591 EP 9602 DI 10.1021/ja970552q PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YB372 UT WOS:A1997YB37200001 ER PT J AU Walck, SN Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA AF Walck, SN Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA TI Exciton binding energy in T-shaped semiconductor quantum wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WELLS; OPTIMIZATION; STATES AB Exciton binding energies in semiconductor T-shaped quantum wires formed at the intersection of two quantum wells are given as functions of well width and potential offset. The calculations are made within the effective mass approximation using a variational approach for the exciton binding energy and numerical calculations for the nonseparable single particle electron and hole subband wave functions. Recent experimental results for these structures are discussed. C1 CHRISTOPHER NEWPORT UNIV,DEPT PHYS & COMP SCI,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. RP Walck, SN (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 15 BP 9235 EP 9238 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.9235 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YC391 UT WOS:A1997YC39100015 ER PT J AU Zimonjic, DB Kelley, MJ Rubin, JS Aaronson, SA Popescu, NC AF Zimonjic, DB Kelley, MJ Rubin, JS Aaronson, SA Popescu, NC TI Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of keratinocyte growth factor gene amplification and dispersion in evolution of great apes and humans SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CHROMOSOME-2; ALPHA-SATELLITES; DNA; LOCALIZATION; EMERGENCE; SEQUENCES; ORIGIN AB Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. Portions of the gene encoding KGF were amplified during primate evolution and are present in multiple nonprocessed copies in the human genome, Nucleotide analysis of a representative sampling of these KGF-like sequences indicated that they were at least 95% identical to corresponding regions of the KGF gene, To localize these sequences to specific chromosomal sites in human and higher primates, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization, In human, using a cosmid probe encoding KGF exon 1, we assigned the location of the KGF gene to chromosome 15q15-21.1. In addition, copies of KGF-like sequences hybridizing only with a cosmid probe encoding exons 2 and 3 were localized to dispersed sites on chromosome 2q21, 9p11, 9q12-13, 18p11, 18q11, 21q11, and 21q21.1. The distribution of KGF-like sequences suggests a role for alphoid DNA in their amplification and dispersion, In chimpanzee, KGF-like sequences were observed at five chromosomal sites, which were each homologous to sites in human, while in gorilla, a subset of four of these homologous sites was identified; in orangutan two sites were identified, while gibbon exhibited only a single site. The chromosomal localization of KGF sequences in human and great ape genomes indicates that amplification and dispersion occurred in multiple discrete steps, with initial KGF gene duplication and dispersion taking place in gibbon and involving loci corresponding to human chromosomes 15 and 21. These findings support the concept of a closer evolutionary relationship of human and chimpanzee and a possible selective pressure for such dispersion during the evolution of higher primates. C1 NCI,EXPT CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,USN,MED ONCOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20889. NCI,CELLULAR & MOL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MT SINAI MED CTR,RUTTENBERG CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. OI Kelley, Michael/0000-0001-9523-6080 NR 21 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 14 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 21 BP 11461 EP 11465 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11461 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YA930 UT WOS:A1997YA93000071 PM 9326632 ER PT J AU Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A Revesz, AG Hughes, HL AF Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A Revesz, AG Hughes, HL TI Mechanism of Si island retention in buried SiO2 layers formed by oxygen ion implantation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; PRECIPITATION AB The density of silicon Islands capped in buried SiO2 layers produced by the implantation of oxygen into (001)Si substrates is monitored by atomic force microscopy for the oxygen dose range just above that required for continuous oxide formation. In addition to an exponential increase in the Si island density with oxygen dose, the regularly shaped remnants of an SiO-(2) phase with a reduced HF etch rate were found. The formation of this additional oxide phase as a result of enhanced internal pressure inside the Si crystal is proposed to account for the retention of Si islands in the buried oxide. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 REVESZ ASSOCIATES, BETHESDA, MD 20817 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Afanas'ev, VV (reprint author), UNIV LOUVAIN, SEMICOND PHYS LAB, B-3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 13 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 15 BP 2106 EP 2108 DI 10.1063/1.119353 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YA209 UT WOS:A1997YA20900016 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, DR TI Why our Cuba policy is wrong SO FORTUNE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIME INC PI NEW YORK PA TIME & LIFE BUILDING ROCKEFELLER CENTER, NEW YORK, NY 10020-1393 SN 0015-8259 J9 FORTUNE JI Fortune PD OCT 13 PY 1997 VL 136 IS 7 BP 48 EP & PG 2 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA XX578 UT WOS:A1997XX57800019 ER PT J AU KatzStone, DM Rudnick, L AF KatzStone, DM Rudnick, L TI An analysis of the synchrotron spectrum in the Fanaroff-Riley type I galaxy 3C 449 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, individual (3C 449); galaxies, jets; galaxies, structure; radiation mechanisms, nonthermal; radio continuum, galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; VLA OBSERVATIONS; JETS; CLUSTER; SCALE; 3C449; SHAPE AB We studied the evolution of relativistic electrons in the Fanaroff-Riley type I (FR I) galaxy 3C 449, by observing with the VLA at three frequencies (330, 1445, and 4835 MHz) and in all four configurations for a primary resolution of 3.'' 6. The conventional model for this type of source is that the relativistic electrons are accelerated in the core and subsequently lose energy as the jet flows outward, expands, and bends downstream. We find that 3C 449 is more complicated than that, with evidence for a different type of structure, more reminiscent of higher luminosity FR II galaxies. We introduce a new analysis tool-the spectral tomography gallery-and find evidence for two spectral components that we label the ''flat jet'' and the ''sheath.'' The flat jet remains fairly well collimated throughout the inner 5', with the sheath accounting for most of the observed widening. The flat jet shows little steepening with distance from the core. However, the sheath has a steeper spectral index than the jet. If the same spectral shape is appropriate for both components, there may be an evolutionary connection between the particles in the flat jet and those in the sheath. Another possibility is that the sheath has a steeper injection index than the flat jet. This may mean that the sheath and flat jet are separate electron populations. In either case, the standard aging analyses would give incorrect answers because of confusion between the separate spectral components. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP KatzStone, DM (reprint author), USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 39 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP 146 EP & PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB991 UT WOS:A1997YB99100015 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Phillips, JL Goldstein, BE AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Phillips, JL Goldstein, BE TI Solar wind stream interactions and the wind speed-expansion factor relationship SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun, corona; Sun, magnetic fields ID FLUX-TUBE DIVERGENCE; ECLIPTIC-PLANE; CORONAL HOLE; SYSTEM; FIELD; EVOLUTION; FRONTS; FLOWS AB Previous studies have shown that the solar wind speed observed near Earth is inversely correlated with the divergence rate of magnetic flux tubes near the Sun. We test the global validity of this relationship by employing Ulysses wind speed measurements during 1990-1997 as well as inecliptic data for 1976-1997. When the correspondence between wind speeds and expansion factors is adjusted to yield optimal agreement with the high-latitude Ulysses measurements, the model matches the overall patterns of fast and slow wind near the ecliptic but predicts too much very fast wind there. We show how this discrepancy can be resolved by taking account of wind stream interactions, where we apply a crude algorithm based on the propagation times of neighboring wind parcels; the interactions reduce the amount of very fast wind at latitudes where slow wind is present. We also test and reject an alternative model in which the wind speed is assumed to be a function only of angular distance from the heliospheric neutral sheet. C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7672,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP L51 EP & DI 10.1086/310918 PN 2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB998 UT WOS:A1997YB99800013 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R FlippenAnderson, J George, C Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, R FlippenAnderson, J George, C Butcher, RJ TI A new class of flexible energetic salts: The crystal structures of the ammonium, lithium, potassium, and cesium salts of dinitramide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BASE-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION; 2ND REACTION PATHWAY; MERCURY(II) DINITRAMIDATE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; GAS-PHASE; NITRAMIDE; SPECTRA; THERMOCHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; ACIDS AB The crystal structures of the ammonium, 1, lithium, 2, potassium, 3, and cesium, 4, salts of a new nitrogen oxy anion, N3O4-, have been determined. In 1 there are two interpenetrating three-dimensional lattices linked by strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between all four ammonium protons and three of the four dinitramide oxygen atoms. Even though 2-4 have similar formula units each has a completely different structure characterized by differing coordination numbers and geometries. The structure of 2 is unique in that it is the only one containing a dinitramide ion in the C2 conformation predicted by nb initio studies to be the minimum energy conformation. There is good agreement between the predicted and experimental metrical parameters for the Ct conformer of the dinitramide anion. C1 HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 54 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 8 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 40 BP 9411 EP 9416 DI 10.1021/ja9709280 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YA232 UT WOS:A1997YA23200011 ER PT J AU Araldi, GL Prakash, KRC George, C Kozikowski, AP AF Araldi, GL Prakash, KRC George, C Kozikowski, AP TI An enantioselective synthesis of 2-alkyl-3-phenyltropanes by an asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; ANALOGS; CHEMISTRY; AFFINITY; COCAINE; LIGANDS AB A method for gaining access to 2-alkyl-3-phenyl-substituted tropanes using the chiral dipolarophile (R)-p-tolyl vinyl sulfoxide in the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with the oxidopyridinium betaine 4 is described. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DRUG DISCOVERY LAB,INST COGNIT & COMPUTAT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USN,RES LAB,LAB STRUCT MATTER,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD OCT 7 PY 1997 IS 19 BP 1875 EP 1876 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YA139 UT WOS:A1997YA13900027 ER PT J AU Siegel, FR Chen, R Vaz, JE Mathur, VK AF Siegel, FR Chen, R Vaz, JE Mathur, VK TI The integrated radiation environment at well sites - an adjunct to petroleum exploration SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,RAMAT AVIV,ISRAEL. VENEZUELAN INST SCI RES,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. USN,WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK,MD. RP Siegel, FR (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD OCT 6 PY 1997 VL 95 IS 40 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YB002 UT WOS:A1997YB00200020 ER PT J AU Esarey, E Hubbard, RF Leemans, WP Ting, A Sprangle, P AF Esarey, E Hubbard, RF Leemans, WP Ting, A Sprangle, P TI Electron injection into plasma wake fields by colliding laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN BACKWARD; SELF-MODULATION; ACCELERATION; SCATTERING; WAVES; PROPAGATION; EXCITATION AB An injector and accelerator is analyzed that uses three collinear laser pulses in a plasma: an intense pump pulse, which generates a large wake field (greater than or equal to 20 GV/m), and two counterpropagating injection pulses. When the injection pulses collide, a slow phase velocity beat wave is generated that injects electrons into the fast wake field for acceleration. Particle tracking simulations in 1D with injection pulse intensities near 10(17) W/cm(2) indicate the production of relativistic electrons with bunch durations as short as 3 fs, energy spreads as small as 0.3%, and densities as high as 10(18) cm(-3). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 27 TC 367 Z9 374 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2682 EP 2685 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2682 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XZ544 UT WOS:A1997XZ54400021 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS Lee, WM AF Uhm, HS Lee, WM TI Density profiles of corona discharge plasmas SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID STREAMERS; NOX AB Corona discharge properties in the reactor chamber are investigated, assuming that a specified voltage profile V(t) is fed through the inner conductor. The analytical description is based on the electron moment equation. Defining the plasma breakdown parameter u = V/R(c)p, plasma is generated for a high voltage pulse satisfying u > u(c), where u(c) is the critical breakdown parameter defined by the geometrical configuration. Here, a is in units of a million volts per m per atm, and R-c is the outer conductor radius. It is found that the plasma density profile generated inside the reactor chamber depends very sensitively on the system parameters. A small change of a physical parameter can easily lead to a density change of one order of magnitude. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 AJOU UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PALDAL GU,SUWON 442749,SOUTH KOREA. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 6 PY 1997 VL 234 IS 5 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00494-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YB644 UT WOS:A1997YB64400010 ER PT J AU Nozette, S Shoemaker, EM Spudis, P Lichtenberg, CL AF Nozette, S Shoemaker, EM Spudis, P Lichtenberg, CL TI The possibility of ice on the Moon SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE; VENUS C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. LUNAR & PLANETARY INST,HOUSTON,TX 77058. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Nozette, S (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5335 BP 144 EP 145 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XZ124 UT WOS:A1997XZ12400060 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA Marsh, SP AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA Marsh, SP TI Analytical form of the sweep constant in grain growth SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article AB The sweep constant in grain growth, theta*, is defined as the number of grains that disappear when the grain boundaries sweep through a total volume equal to that of the average grain. An analytical derivation is presented that expresses theta* for self-similar grain growth solely in terms of the self-similar size distribution. Specific applications of this analysis are presented, and the implications of these results with respect to grain growth kinetics are discussed. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 4361 EP 4366 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00069-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XY517 UT WOS:A1997XY51700036 ER PT J AU Miller, F Biral, R AF Miller, F Biral, R TI Epilogue - What to a Black person is affirmative action? SO AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material AB In the Declaration of Independence, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are articulated as rights to which all ''men'' are entitled. These rights are placed within the context of equality. It is proposed in this article that the Declaration of Independence provides the material for Douglass's, Lincoln's, and King's reinterpretation and reiteration of the rights and principles of democracy and equality Affirmative action is presented as a contemporary example of a rewrite or reinterpretation of the Declaration of Independence. Specifically, it is proposed that affirmative action is the means by which equity, rather than equality, can be realized. C1 USN ACAD,PREPARATORY SCH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP Miller, F (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,CTR STUDY RACE & ETHN,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0002-7642 J9 AM BEHAV SCI JI Am. Behav. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1177/0002764297041002010 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XW904 UT WOS:A1997XW90400009 ER PT J AU McDuffie, HH Nordal, R Kirsch, A Nakahara, K Cortopassi, G Pabello, P Ueda, A Gibson, A AF McDuffie, HH Nordal, R Kirsch, A Nakahara, K Cortopassi, G Pabello, P Ueda, A Gibson, A TI Occupational pesticide exposure and genetic instability. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. United Hosp, St Paul, MN USA. USN, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Univ So Calif, Davis, CA USA. Kagoshima Univ, Kagoshima 890, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 2260 BP A386 EP A386 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446002260 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, CP AF Ratcliffe, CP TI The 3:4:5 coincidence of an optimized moment of inertia classroom demonstration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP Ratcliffe, CP (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,590 HOLLOWAY RD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1015 EP 1016 DI 10.1119/1.18705 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA XY994 UT WOS:A1997XY99400020 ER PT J AU Corwin, AL Hyams, KC Kim, JP Wages, J Doss, R Sulaiman, A Mitchell, B Arthur, R Bassily, S Punjabi, NH Laras, K Duc, DD Watts, D AF Corwin, AL Hyams, KC Kim, JP Wages, J Doss, R Sulaiman, A Mitchell, B Arthur, R Bassily, S Punjabi, NH Laras, K Duc, DD Watts, D TI Short report: Evidence of worldwide transmission of hepatitis G virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Hepatitis G virus (HGV) has been recently documented in the Americas, Europe, and Australia. Distinct risk populations from North Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia were screened for HGV, in addition to hepatitis B and C viruses. First time recognition of HGV is described from Egypt and Indonesia. Notable is the high proportion of HGV positive individuals among multiply transfused children, ranging from 24% of those sampled from Egypt to 32% in Indonesia. Also, data from Peru suggest the likely association of HGV infection with progressive liver disease. Hepatitis G virus should be considered a world-wide health concern. C1 USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20899. ABBOTT LABS,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. UNIV INDONESIA,CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSP,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. ENVIRONM PREVENT MED UNIT 6,HONOLULU,HI 96860. NAMRU 3,CAIRO,EGYPT. BACH MAI HOSP,INST CLIN RES TROP MED,HANOI,VIETNAM. USN,MED RES DETACHMENT,LIMA,PERU. GENELABS TECHNOL INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. RP Corwin, AL (reprint author), USN,MED RES UNIT 2,APO,AP 96520, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 455 EP 456 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YC073 UT WOS:A1997YC07300014 PM 9347963 ER PT J AU Freeman, RK Daily, PO Dembitsky, WP Adamson, RM MorenoCabral, RJ AF Freeman, RK Daily, PO Dembitsky, WP Adamson, RM MorenoCabral, RJ TI The treatment of low cardiac output syndrome following cardiopulmonary bypass using delayed sternal closure SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern-California-Chapter of American-College-of-Surgeons CY JAN 17-19, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CA SP Amer Coll Surgeons, So Calif Chapters ID CORONARY-ARTERY BYPASS; SUPPORT; COMPRESSION; EXPERIENCE; SURGERY AB The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether delayed sternal closure (DSC) could eliminate the need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or ventricular assist device (VAD) in patients with low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).To investigate this, the records of 3014 patients undergoing CABG were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty (2.0%) patients had a relative or absolute contraindication to IABP or VAD use and required DSC for LCOS. DSC resolved 45 (75%) of these patients' LCOS, requiring an average of 1.6 +/- 0.7 days and producing a mean change in cardiac index of +1.0 +/- 0.3 L/min/m(2). Fifteen (25%) of these patients did not resolve their LCOS after DSC and required either an IABP (11) or a VAD (4). Significant postoperative morbidity occurred in 22 (36.7%) patients but were not related to DSC. Only one (1.7%) sternal wound infection occurred from a total of 147 patient-days of DSC. Operative mortality was 47 per cent (28) but was not unexpected based on the number of urgent/emergent (48; 80%) and reoperative (40; 67%) procedures but does not appear to be related to the technique of DSC. DSC appears to be a simple and safe method for treating LCOS following CABG. It is effective in resolving the majority of patients' LCOS without the addition of any significant morbidity. DSC also spares these patients the added morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with circulatory assist devices. C1 SHARP MEM HOSP & REHABIL CTR,DIV CARDIOTHORAC SURG,SAN DIEGO,CA 90034. USN,MED CTR,DIV CARDIOVASC SURG,SAN DIEGO,CA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 1776 PEACHTREE RD, NW., SUITE 410N, ATLANTA, GA 30309-2352 SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 882 EP 884 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA XZ315 UT WOS:A1997XZ31500011 PM 9322664 ER PT J AU Masterson, D AF Masterson, D TI Beyond praetorianism: The Latin American military in transition - Millett,RL, GoldBiss,M SO AMERICAS LA English DT Book Review RP Masterson, D (reprint author), USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD AMER FRANCISCAN HIST PI WEST BETHESDA PA BOX 34440, WEST BETHESDA, MD 20817 SN 0003-1615 J9 AMERICAS JI Americas PD OCT PY 1997 VL 54 IS 2 BP 288 EP 290 DI 10.2307/1007749 PG 3 WC History SC History GA YE624 UT WOS:A1997YE62400016 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Turner, DC Martin, BD Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Turner, DC Martin, BD Gaber, BP TI Diffusion and transfer of antibody proteins from a sugar-based hydrogel SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogel; multianalyte sensor; immunosensor; device miniaturization; diffusion; transfer; capillary; antibody ID SURFACES; ADSORPTION; RELEASE AB Diffusion of antibody protein from hydrogel films and hydrogel encapsulated in a microcapillary was studied. Thin hydrogel films were formed by crosslinking 6-acryloyl-B-O-methylgalactoside with N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide and the diffusive transport of monoclonal antimouse IgG-FITC into and out of the hydrated films was measured. Diffusion coefficients in 2 and 4% crosslinked hydrogel films were measured. The measured diffusion constants determined for IgG in both the 2 and 4% hydrogel films were comparable to the free diffusion of IgG in bulk water (D-mean similar to 10(-7)cm(2)/s). In addition, 2% crosslinked hydrogels were prepared in a capillary tube and the transport of antimouse IgG-FITC into and out of the hydrated hydrogel was measured. Kinetic analysis indicated that the protein transport through the capillary hydrogel was faster than would be expected for a simple diffusion process. Finally, by utilizing the diffusion of antibody from the capillary hydrogel, transfer of antibody to a silica surface was demonstrated. A capillary hydrogel loaded with antimouse IgG-FITC was used to transfer the protein to a silica surface forming a 30-mu m spot of antibody, which was ima,oed using fluorescence microscopy. These results may lead to the development of a nonlithographic method of patterning antibodies on surfaces for use in integrated microimmunosensors. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,LAB MOL INTERFACIAL INTERACT,CODE 6930,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD OCT-NOV PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1007/BF02785980 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YF576 UT WOS:A1997YF57600004 PM 9373930 ER PT J AU Ly, LN Luong, P AF Ly, LN Luong, P TI A mathematical coastal ocean circulation system with breaking waves and numerical grid generation SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE mathematical modelling; computer modelling; coastal ocean system; coastal ocean modelling; circulation modelling; numerical grid generation; surface-breaking waves ID LAYER; MODEL AB The three-dimensional coastal ocean modelling system is presented. The system is a primitive equation coastal ocean modelling system with grid generation routines and turbulent closure taking surface ocean breaking waves into account. The system consists of the coastal ocean model, grid-generated routines, and a grid package that allows the model to be coupled with model grids. Although the influence of surface waves on the surface layer of the ocean has been well studied numerically and experimentally the ocean wave effects on momentum and energy fluxes, currents, and turbulence are not taken into account in all existing coastal ocean models. On the other hand, traditionally, rectangular grids have been most commonly used in coastal ocean modelling for their simplicity. However these grids may not be well suited to some coastal regions, especially those with complicated physical fields, open boundaries, coastlines, and bathymetry. In many cases open boundary conditions are poorly treated with traditional rectangular (cartesian) grids even at very high resolution. In the system the curvilinear orthogonal and nearly orthogonal, coastline-following grids; are used to enhance model numerical solution by better treating coastlines, complicated topography, and boundary conditions. These kinds of grids can also easily increase horizontal resolution in the subregion of the model domain without increasing the computational expense with a higher resolution over the entire domain. These grids are designed by using grid generation techniques. The coastal ocean model for the South China Sea (SCS) has 16 sigma vertical levels, free surface dynamics, a turbulence closure taking breaking waves into account (see Ref. 3), and realistic coastlines and bathymetry. The SCS model and associated grids are used to simulate winter circulation and to produce the basic physics of the SCS such as coastal currents and upwelling locations. (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ly, LN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 10 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1016/S0307-904X(97)00076-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA YP411 UT WOS:000071274100004 ER PT J AU Walter, FM Vrba, FJ Wolk, SJ Mathieu, RD Neuhauser, R AF Walter, FM Vrba, FJ Wolk, SJ Mathieu, RD Neuhauser, R TI X-ray sources in regions of star formation .6. The R CrA association as viewed by Einstein SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID T-TAURI STARS; PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LI-I LINES; DARK-CLOUD; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; CELESTIAL EQUATOR; DWARF STARS; TEMPERATURE; DISCOVERY AB We report an optical identifications of X-ray sources in the vicinity of the R CrA association. We identify 11 low-mass pre-main-sequence stars as counterparts of 9 X-ray sources. We also find X-ray emission from coordinates consistent with the position of 3 bright late-B stars, although the emission may come from lower mass companions. The X-ray-selected stars lie along a narrow locus in the luminosity-temperature diagram at an age of about 7 Myr, which is considerably older than the estimated ages of the higher mass stars or of the IR-excess stars. We determine the physical characteristics of these stars, including masses, ages, and Lithium abundances. We estimate that the complete membership of the R CrA association amounts to about 90 stars, mostly older naked T Tauri stars, and that the population is consistent with the standard IMF. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. USN OBSERV, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86002 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ASTRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85740 GARCHING, GERMANY. OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261 NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1544 EP 1554 DI 10.1086/118584 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX797 UT WOS:A1997XX79700023 ER PT J AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC TI Accurate positions for radio stars as determined from CCD observations in the extragalactic reference frame SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MERIDIAN CIRCLE; OPTICAL POSITIONS; HIPPARCOS; ASTROMETRY; EMISSION; BORDEAUX; LINKING AB This paper presents positions for 155 radio stars determined directly in the extragalactic reference system from CCD scan observations made with the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT). All the observations were made in 1994-1997 with an accuracy of similar to+/-60 mas in each coordinate. When these positions are compared with those of 21 radio stars with well known VLBI or VLA radio positions, there is good agreement, wherein no significant zero-point differences in position were found (+/-15 mas in each coordinate), and the dispersions in (optical-radio) differences (similar to+/-72 mas in each coordinate) can be explained by the formal errors in the positional and proper motion data. Moreover, if these (optical-radio) offsets are plotted against right ascension and declination, no systematic trends are found in either coordinate. Improved optical positions for the radio stars (similar to+/-30 mas in each coordinate) can be obtained by averaging the positions presented in this paper with those determined with the CAMC and Bordeaux meridian circles. When these combined positions are compared with their radio counterparts, external errors in the radio positions of radio stars can be calculated and are <+/-10 mas and similar to+/-40 mas in each coordinate, respectively, for VLBI and VLA radio observations. The former is consistent with the errors quoted for VLBI radio star positions, while the latter is about 30% larger. None of the (combined optical-radio) offsets are significant at the >3 sigma level; but, nonetheless, several stars (HD 26337, HD 283447, b Per, and KQ Pup) have marginally significant (>2 sigma) offsets. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF STN,POB 1149,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1679 EP 1688 DI 10.1086/118598 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX797 UT WOS:A1997XX79700037 ER PT J AU Matsakis, DN Taylor, JH Eubanks, TM AF Matsakis, DN Taylor, JH Eubanks, TM TI A statistic for describing pulsar and clock stabilities SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE time; pulsars: general; pulsars: B1937+21 B1855+09 ID MILLISECOND PULSAR; TIME AB We propose a statistical measure suitable for comparing the rotational stabilities of pulsars with one another and with terrestrial time scales. By a simple extension of notation long used in the clock community, we call the statistic sigma(z)(tau). Defined in terms of third-order polynomials fitted to sequences of measured time offsets, sigma(z)(tau) is sensitive to variations in the frequency drift rate of the clock or pulsar. We apply the new statistical formalism to real pulsar data and terrestrial time scales, and show that over the past 10 years these two kinds of data have comparable stabilities. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, JOSEPH HENRY LABS, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RP Matsakis, DN (reprint author), USN OBSERV, 3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20392 USA. NR 21 TC 73 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 326 IS 3 BP 924 EP 928 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YC421 UT WOS:A1997YC42100013 ER PT J AU Dere, KP Landi, E Mason, HE Fossi, BCM Young, PR AF Dere, KP Landi, E Mason, HE Fossi, BCM Young, PR TI CHIANTI - an atomic database for emission lines .1. Wavelengths greater than 50 angstrom SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE atomic data; astronomical data bases, miscellaneous; ultraviolet, general; Sun, atmosphere; stars, atmosphere ID ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; R-MATRIX METHOD; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; CARBON-LIKE IONS; BORON-LIKE IONS; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; BE-LIKE IONS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS AB A comprehensive set of accurate atomic data is required for analyses of astrophysical and solar spectra. CHIANTI provides a database of atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative data and electron excitation data for ions which are abundant in cosmic plasmas. The most recent electron excitation data have been assessed and stored following the method of Burgess & Tully (1992). The current version is essentially complete for specifying the emission spectrum at wavelengths greater than 50 Angstrom. A list of observed lines in the spectral region between 50 and 1100 Angstrom has been compiled and compared with the lines predicted by the CHIANTI database. The CHIANTI database reproduces the vast majority of lines observed at these wavelengths. CHIANTI includes IDL (Interactive Data Language) routines to calculate optically thin synthetic spectra for equilibrium conditions. IDL routines to calculate theoretical line intensities required for electron density or temperature diagnostics and emission measure studies are also included. The CHIANTI atomic database and supporting IDL routines are available by anonymous FTP. C1 UNIV FLORENCE, DEPT ASTRON & SPACE SCI, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS, CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW, ENGLAND. OSSERV ASTROFIS ARCETRI, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. RP Dere, KP (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 231 TC 1143 Z9 1148 U1 2 U2 13 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 125 IS 1 BP 149 EP 173 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XZ518 UT WOS:A1997XZ51800008 ER PT J AU Kink, I Jupen, C Engstrom, L Feldman, U Laming, JM Schuhle, U AF Kink, I Jupen, C Engstrom, L Feldman, U Laming, JM Schuhle, U TI Laboratory identification of temperature diagnostic Si VII and S IX lines present in the solar coronal spectra measured by SUMER/SOHO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; line, formation; line, identification; Sun, corona; Sun, UV radiation ID BURST MODEL; TERM SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION AB The solar coronal spectrum between 500 and 1610 Angstrom and at a height of 21,000 km above the west equatorial limb has recently been recorded by the SUMER instrument on SOHO. Using laboratory spectra obtained with the beam-foil technique, we report the identification of 32 lines observed in this spectrum as 2s(2)2p(3)3s-2s(2)2p(3)3p and 2s(2)2p(3)3p-2s(2)2p(3)3d transitions in Si VII and S IX. Theoretical gA-values and branching ratios for the observed lines, obtained from semiempirical configuration interaction calculations, are also presented. Intensity ratios between the 2s(2)2p(4)3P(1)-2s(2)2p(41)S(0) forbidden transition and transition from the newly identified high-excitation lines that appear in the same wavelength range are temperature sensitive. Calculations of the intensity ratios between the forbidden line and the high-excitation lines for three temperatures are presented. A comparison between the calculations and some of the SUMER observations is provided. C1 USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. SFA INC,LARGO,MD 20774. MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. RP Kink, I (reprint author), LUND UNIV,DEPT PHYS,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 2 BP 956 EP 961 DI 10.1086/304652 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA040 UT WOS:A1997YA04000042 ER PT J AU Catanese, M Bradbury, SM Breslin, AC Buckley, JH CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Dermer, CD Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Hillas, AM Johnson, WN Krennrich, F Lamb, RC Lessard, RW Macomb, DJ McEnery, JE Moriarty, P Quinn, J Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Samuelson, FW Sembroski, GH Srinivasan, R Weekes, TC Zweerink, J AF Catanese, M Bradbury, SM Breslin, AC Buckley, JH CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Dermer, CD Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Hillas, AM Johnson, WN Krennrich, F Lamb, RC Lessard, RW Macomb, DJ McEnery, JE Moriarty, P Quinn, J Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Samuelson, FW Sembroski, GH Srinivasan, R Weekes, TC Zweerink, J TI Multiwavelength observations of a flare from Markarian 501 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects, individual (Markarian 501); gamma rays, observations ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; GAMMA-RAYS; SPECTRA; BLAZARS; RADIATION; TELESCOPE; GALAXIES; JET AB We present multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) in 1997 between April 8 and April 19. Evidence of correlated variability is seen in very high energy (VHE; E greater than or similar to 350 GeV) gamma-ray observations taken with the Whipple Observatory gamma-ray telescope, data from the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, and quick-look results from the All-Sky Monitor of the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, while EGRET did not detect Mrk 501. Short-term optical correlations are not conclusive, but the U-band flux observed with the 1.2 m telescope of the Whipple Observatory was 10% higher than in March. The average energy output of Mrk 501 appears to peak in the 2-100 keV range, which suggests an extension of the synchrotron emission to at least 100 keV, the highest observed in a blazar and similar to 100 times higher than that seen in the other TeV-emitting BL Lac object, Mrk 421. The VHE gamma-ray flux observed during this period is the highest ever detected from this object. The VHE gamma-ray energy output is somewhat lower than the 2-100 keV range, but the variability amplitude is larger. The correlations seen here do not require relativistic beaming of the emission unless the VHE spectrum extends to greater than or similar to 5 TeV. C1 UNIV LEEDS,DEPT PHYS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL DUBLIN,EXPT PHYS DEPT,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,FRED LAWRENCE WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. ST PATRICKS COLL,DEPT PHYS,MAYNOOTH,KILDARE,IRELAND. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. CALTECH,SPACE RADIAT LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. REG TECH COLL,DEPT PHYS SCI,GALWAY,IRELAND. RP Catanese, M (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 47 TC 161 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 2 BP L143 EP L146 DI 10.1086/310899 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA042 UT WOS:A1997YA04200010 ER PT J AU Welsh, BY Sasseen, T Craig, N Jelinsky, S Albert, CE AF Welsh, BY Sasseen, T Craig, N Jelinsky, S Albert, CE TI A minisurvey of interstellar titanium from the southern hemisphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM, abundances; surveys; ultraviolet, stars ID HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; HEAVY ELEMENT DEPLETION; CA-II ABSORPTION; NA-I; GALACTIC HALO; H-I; STARS; LINES; GAS; ASSOCIATION AB We describe the results of a minisurvey of interstellar Ti II and Ca II absorption toward 42 early-type stars observed from the southern hemisphere at a spectral resolution of 4.5 km s(-1). Results are also presented for the Na I ultraviolet line (3302 Angstrom) detected toward nine of these targets. We examine the dependence of the integrated column densities of N(Ti II), N(Ca II), and N(Na I) on distance, reddening, neutral hydrogen column density, and their Galactic elemental abundance. Our findings support the proposition that Ti II and Ca II absorption originates in the same regions of the pervasive, warm, and neutral intercloud gas of the interstellar medium. We have observed a correlation of decreasing Ti and Ca abundance with increasing line-of-sight gas density. The Ti II/Ca II abundance ratio has been found to be essentially constant under all the interstellar density conditions we have sampled. Thus, we conclude that the general absorption properties of titanium (and calcium) are similar throughout the entire disk of our Galaxy. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR EUV ASTROPHYS,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USN ACAD,DEPT PHYS,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP Welsh, BY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,EXPT ASTROPHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 112 IS 2 BP 507 EP 526 DI 10.1086/313044 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB990 UT WOS:A1997YB99000010 ER PT J AU Voge, VM King, RE AF Voge, VM King, RE TI Interpersonal relationship and prisoner of war concerns of rated military male and female aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIR-FORCE AB Background: The issue of women flying military aircraft in a combat role has been very controversial. Hypothesis: To succeed, female military aircrew are very similar to their male peers. Method: We conducted. a comprehensive anonymous questionnaire survey of all U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force rated female aircrew, with an equal number of age and duty matched male aircrew. We are reporting on the interpersonal relationship and prisoner of war (P.O.W.) responses here. Results: Male and female aircrew respond in a similar manner to posed questions, although differences do exist. Women reported: unequal treatment by opposite gender peers; problems relating to peers, superiors and subordinates; their gender influences assignments; the need to perform to higher standards and the need to work harder to be accepted as equals; ability to bond equally to their own and opposite gender peers; improved squadron cohesiveness in mixed gender squadrons; problems with peers' spouses;and, in a P.O.W. situation, fear of rape and sexual abuse. Men reported: women get inappropriate privileges and get special ''breaks''; a gender difference in how flight duties are performed; worsened squadron cohesiveness in mixed gender squadrons; less likeliness to recommend their career path to their daughters; and a higher concern for welfare of families in a P.O.W. situation. Conclusions: Although responding in a similar manner to most questions, male and female military aircrew differ in the perception of their ability to function in mixed squadrons because of their gender. Some of these perceptions can be modified through training, others may need to be resolved through high level orders/policy; while in others, the military may have to accept women are different from men in some aspects. C1 USN,SCH HLTH SCI,SAN DIEGO DETACHMENT,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX. ARMSTRONG LAB,DIV CLIN SCI,AEROSP MED DIRECTORATE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 68 IS 10 BP 879 EP 885 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XZ319 UT WOS:A1997XZ31900001 PM 9327111 ER PT J AU Wulfman, DS Sitton, O Nixon, FT Podzimek, M Worsey, G Beistel, D Worsey, P Burch, D Johnson, M AF Wulfman, DS Sitton, O Nixon, FT Podzimek, M Worsey, G Beistel, D Worsey, P Burch, D Johnson, M TI Reformulation of solid propellants and high explosives: an environmentally benign means of demilitarizing explosive ordnance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE demilitarization; military explosives/propellants; commercial explosives; resource reuse; waste free AB Polymer Bound Explosives (PBXs) and Class 1.1 Military Propellants have been reformulated for use in the mining industry. There is a minimal waste stream. The explosives are sensitive to initiation by a #8 cap. Impact sensitivities have routinely passed 5 kg meter stimuli, initiation by 50,000 V AC and the BAM friction protocols at 1000 rpm under a ii kg load for 10 seconds. The explosives were packed into sticks, slurried or used as pourable mixes. VoDs of 2.4 to 6.2 km/s were realized with rho = 0.9 - 1.35 t/m(3). The explosives have powers comparable to a range of dynamites. The Beaver-Code based upon Lotus 1.2.3-5(TM) was developed to predict explosive properties. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,ROLLA,MO 65401. TECHNOL DEV INC,ROLLA,MO 65401. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM,ROLLA,MO 65401. UNIV MISSOURI,ROCK MECH & EXPLOS RES CTR,ROLLA,MO 65401. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CRANE,IN. RP Wulfman, DS (reprint author), DS WULFMAN & ASSOCIATES,MILL VILLAGE,NS B0J 2H0,CANADA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PI OTTAWA PA 130 SLATER ST, STE 550, OTTAWA ON K1P 6E2, CANADA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 5 BP 899 EP 912 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA YF279 UT WOS:A1997YF27900010 ER PT J AU Blankenship, ME Rowlett, J Timby, JW Roth, RS Jones, RE AF Blankenship, ME Rowlett, J Timby, JW Roth, RS Jones, RE TI Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) presenting with chylous pleural effusion SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE Castleman's disease; chylous pleural effusion; giant lymph node hyperplasia AB A case of giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) with an original presentation of a chylous pleural effusion occurred in a female adolescent. CT scans showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy was consistent with the plasmacytic variant of Castleman's disease. C1 MEM MED CTR,DEPT SURG,SAVANNAH,GA. MEM MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT & ADOLESCENT MED,SAVANNAH,GA. USN HOSP,DIV PULM DIS CRIT CARE,PENSACOLA,FL. SAVANNAH INFECT DIS,SAVANNAH,GA. CARDIOTHORAC SURG SAVANNAH,SAVANNAH,GA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 1997 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1133 DI 10.1378/chest.112.4.1132 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA YA351 UT WOS:A1997YA35100048 PM 9377933 ER PT J AU Williams, BA Pasternack, L AF Williams, BA Pasternack, L TI The effect of nitric oxide on premixed flames of CH4, C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2 SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; KINETIC DATA; 55 TORR; RADICALS; NO2; DIAGNOSTICS; COMBUSTION; CH4/NO2/O2; ACETYLENE; B2-SIGMA AB Nitric oxide was doped into premixed, stoichiometric, 10 torr flames of CH4/O-2/N-2, C2H6/O-2/N-2, C2H4/O-2/N-2 and C2H2/O-2/N-2. Spatial profiles of electronic ground state CH, OH, NO, CN, NCO, NH and metastable state C-3(2) were obtained by laser-induced fluorescence. The peak temperatures of the flames were maintained at 1800 K by varying the N-2 buffer gas mole fraction. Comparisons of the profiles among the different fuels illustrate differences in the hydrocarbon flame structure that lead to different NO reactivities in these flame systems. Concentrations of the nitrogen-containing intermediates are similar in the methane, ethane, and ethylene flames, but are considerably larger in the acetylene flame, indicating a much greater NO reactivity in this flame, The species profiles are modeled using three different kinetic mechanisms; all of these have significant shortcomings. (C) 1997 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 1997 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00091-6 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA XT235 UT WOS:A1997XT23500007 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E Bogar, FD Thomas, ED Creegan, CA Lucas, KE Kaznoff, AI AF McCafferty, E Bogar, FD Thomas, ED Creegan, CA Lucas, KE Kaznoff, AI TI Crevice corrosion propagation on alloy 625 and alloy C276 in natural seawater SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE alloy C276; alloy 625; anodic polarization; chromium; crevice corrosion; dissolution; iron; marine environments; molybdenum; nickel; pitting corrosion; seawater ID STAINLESS-STEELS AB Chemical composition of the aqueous solution within crevices on two different Ni-Cr-Mo-Fe alloys immersed in natural seawater was determined using a semiquantitative thin-layer chromatographic method. Active crevices were found to contain concentrated amounts of dissolved Ni2+, Cr3+, Mo3+, and Fe2+ ions. Propagation of crevice corrosion for the two alloys was determined from anodic polarization curves in model crevice solutions based upon stoichiometric dissolution or selective dissolution of alloy components. Both alloys 625 (UNS N06625) and C276 (UNS N10276) underwent crevice corrosion in the model crevice electrolytes, For the model crevice solution based upon selective dissolution of alloy constituents, the anodic dissolution rate for alloy 625 was higher than that for alloy C276. This trend was reversed for the model crevice solution based upon uniform dissolution of alloy constituents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL 33041 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD OCT PY 1997 VL 53 IS 10 BP 755 EP 761 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YT224 UT WOS:000071578300001 ER PT J AU Colton, RJ Baselt, DR Dufrene, YF Green, JBD Lee, GU AF Colton, RJ Baselt, DR Dufrene, YF Green, JBD Lee, GU TI Scanning probe microscopy SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; STRATUM-CORNEUM LIPIDS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; DNA-BINDING; MOLECULES; MEMBRANES; PROTEIN; MODE; VISUALIZATION AB During the past year, scanning probe microscopy, especially atomic force microscopy (AFM), has taken root in the biological sciences community, as is evident from the large number of publications and from the variety of specialized journals in which these papers appear. Furthermore, there is a strong indication that the technique is evolving from a qualitative imaging tool to a probe of the critical dimensions and properties of biomolecules and living cells. The next stage of the evolution involves the development of microinstruments for process control and sensing applications. Recent advances have been reported in AFM instrumentation and method. For example, the tapping mode of operation is becoming the method of choice to image biological molecules; work to extend tapping-mode operation in liquids has been reported. Biological molecules can also be imaged at low temperature in a cryo-AFM with improved resolution. The measurement of recognition forces between individual molecules continues to attract much attention and has spawned new concepts for ultra-sensitive biosensors. The AFM is being used increasingly for property measurements such as determining the viscoelastic properties of biological molecules. Finally, structural studies using the AFM abound. Some specific highlights include the mapping of DNA using restriction enzymes, imaging during DNA transcription and determining the mode of drug binding to DNA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colton, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 68 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 11 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON W1P 6LB, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 1 IS 3 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1016/S1367-5931(97)80076-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YP153 UT WOS:000071248000013 PM 9667876 ER PT J AU Quinti, I ElSalman, D Monier, MK Hackbart, BG Darwish, MS ElZamiaty, D Paganelli, R Pandolfi, F Arthur, RR AF Quinti, I ElSalman, D Monier, MK Hackbart, BG Darwish, MS ElZamiaty, D Paganelli, R Pandolfi, F Arthur, RR TI HCV infection in Egyptian patients with acute hepatitis SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; acute hepatitis; anti-HCV antibodies ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; NON-B-HEPATITIS; C VIRUS-REPLICATION; NON-A; ANTIBODY; PREVALENCE; VIREMIA; ASSAY; AREA; IGG AB The diagnostics of community-acquired acute HCV hepatitis in an endemic area was studied in 110 Egyptian patients with acute jaundice. In the first week of the jaundiced period 30 of 110 patients (27.3%) had anti-HCV antibodies. The majority already showed high levels of anti-HCV IgG (25/30), associated with anti-HCV IgM in nine of them. Five patients showed only an HCV IgM reactivity, Seven had also anti-HEV and/or anti-HBV: their jaundice could then be related to an acute infection caused by those viruses. All patients were infected with genotype 4a, in three associated with the 3a. During the follow-up five patients seroconverted for IgG, while their anti-HCV IgM did not show a uniform pattern of reactivity. Patients with positive serology suspected of an acute HCV infection were older than the patients with other acute hepatitis and showed a lower peak of ALT level, Seroconversion during acute hepatitis strongly indicated HCV as the etiologic agent. However, the detection of anti-HCV IgG antibodies in the jaundiced period showed that the majority of patients had already seroconverted to anti-HCV antibodies; in most of them it is possible to hypothesize a reactivation of a chronic HCV infection. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV ROME,CHAIR SEMEIOT & METODOL MED,ROME,ITALY. USN,MED RES UNIT 3,DIV VIROL,NAMRU 3,CAIRO,EGYPT. ABBASSIA FEVER HOSP,CAIRO,EGYPT. RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2017 EP 2023 DI 10.1023/A:1018897813268 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YF353 UT WOS:A1997YF35300003 PM 9365128 ER PT J AU Brower, JB Ryan, RL Pazirandeh, M AF Brower, JB Ryan, RL Pazirandeh, M TI Comparison of ion-exchange resins and biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals from plating factory wastewater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST METALLOTHIONEIN; BIOTECHNOLOGY; BIOSORPTION AB The NCP (Neurospora crassa gene expressed in the periplasmic space) is a recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the Neurospora crassa metallothionein gene within the periplasmic space. The, NCP has been shown to remove heavy metals from solutions containing low concentration of heavy metals. In this study, the ability of NCP to remove heavy metals from wastewater was compared to the commercial sorbents Duolite GT-73, IRC-718, and BIG-FIX. Three process wastewater streams, acid/alkali, chromate, and cyanide, were tested at their original pH and near neutral pH. In addition to other contaminants, the wastewaters contained metals including Cd, Cu, Ni, and Ag. NCP was most efficient in removing the heavy metals from wastewaters at near neutral pH. Chromium removal per gram of IRC-718 at pH 2.05 was an order of magnitude higher than any other sorbent in either pH-unadjusted or pH-adjusted samples. Duolite GT-73, IRC-718, and BIG-FIX had similar efficiency in removing heavy metals from the pH-adjusted wastewater. When the sorbents were tested for removal of part per billion levels of Cd-109, NCP demonstrated the highest percent removal. These results suggest potential treatment strategies for metal-contaminated wastewaters involving pH adjustment and primary treatment with a commercial sorbent followed by polishing with NCP. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2910 EP 2914 DI 10.1021/es970104i PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XZ787 UT WOS:A1997XZ78700054 ER PT J AU Kammeyer, JW Rudolph, DJ AF Kammeyer, JW Rudolph, DJ TI Restricted orbit equivalence for ergodic Z(d) actions .1. SO ERGODIC THEORY AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE ENTROPY; AMENABLE-GROUPS; ZD-ACTIONS; THEOREM AB In [R1] a notion of restricted orbit equivalence for ergodic transformations was developed. Here we modify that structure in order to generalize it to actions of higher-dimensional groups, in particular Z(d)-actions. The concept of a 'size' is developed first from an axiomatized notion of the size of a permutation of a finite block in Z(d). This is extended to orbit equivalences which are cohomologous to the identity and, via the natural completion, to a notion of restricted orbit equivalence. This is shown to be an equivalence relation. Associated to each size is an entropy which is an equivalence invariant. As in the one-dimensional case this entropy is either the classical entropy or is zero. Several examples are discussed. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MATH,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Kammeyer, JW (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,572 HOLLOWAY RD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 20142, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0143-3857 J9 ERGOD THEOR DYN SYST JI Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 17 BP 1083 EP 1129 DI 10.1017/S0143385797086288 PN 5 PG 47 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA YF198 UT WOS:A1997YF19800005 ER PT J AU Shiller, AM AF Shiller, AM TI Dissolved trace elements in the Mississippi river: Seasonal, interannual, and decadal variability SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE OXIDATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; FULVIC-ACID; IRON; SEAWATER; LAKE; DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; WATERS; OXIDES AB A monthly trace element sampling of the lower Mississippi River, utilizing ultra-clean methods, was conducted from October 1991 to December 1993. Dissolved concentrations were determined for Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, V, Mo, U, Cu, Ni, Cd, Rb, and Ba. The results show significant seasonal dissolved concentration changes for a number of elements. Specifically, dissolved Mn and Fe are found to increase rapidly in the fall and then decrease in the spring. Zn and Pb follow a similar seasonal trend, though with lower percentage concentration changes. V, Mo, and U follow an opposite seasonal trend to Mn and Fe. The data do not allow a complete determination of the causes of this variability. However, changes in the adsorption process do not appear to play an important role. Hydrologic factors are also of minimal importance for most elements, with the probable exception of Ba and U. I suggest here that redox processes, occurring both in-stream and in source regions, play an important role in determining seasonal variations in dissolved trace elements. No evidence was found of significant dissolved trace element concentration changes over the past decade and interannual variability in mean concentrations was generally small. The time series also encompassed a period of extreme flooding in the U.S. Midwest. However, the flooding did not significantly influence dissolved trace element concentrations in the lower Mississippi River. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Shiller, AM (reprint author), USN,INST MARINE SCI,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. OI Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 NR 60 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 20 BP 4321 EP 4330 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00245-7 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YH279 UT WOS:A1997YH27900006 ER PT J AU Li, J Bi, Z Liu, ZS Knaell, K AF Li, J Bi, Z Liu, ZS Knaell, K TI Use of curvilinear SAR for three-dimensional target feature extraction SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE curvilinear synthetic aperture radar; target feature extraction ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SAR; RADAR; APERTURES AB The use of curvilinear synthetic aperture radar (CLSAR) is considered for three-dimensional feature extraction of small targets consisting of a small number of distinct point scatterers. CLSAR does not suffer from the ambiguities suffered by interferometric SAR. As CLSAR is a relatively new technology, a self-contained detailed derivation of the data model is presented. The Cramer-Rao bounds of the parameter estimates are also derived. Use of the RELAX algorithm for 3-D target feature extraction with CLSAR for different curvilinear apertures is also described. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, POB 116130, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 144 IS 5 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:19971371 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA ZQ539 UT WOS:000073872200006 ER PT J AU Wang, HT Freise, CB AF Wang, HT Freise, CB TI Error analysis of the directional wave spectra obtained by the NDBC 3-m pitch-roll discus buoy SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE directional wave spectra; error estimate; NDBC 3-m buoy; spreading function; wave records ID OCEAN WAVES; RADAR AB The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) deploys a series of 3-m-diameter discus directional wave buoys around the coastline of the United States and its territories. These buoys make available a continuous set of hourly wind and directional wave data, This study estimates the accuracy of the significant sea height, mean sea direction, and the full directional wave spectrum, which are the major wave data parameters commonly derived from the NDBC buoy measurements, The errors are examined both on the basis of the uncertainty inherent in deriving results,from the measurement of a random sea and through a statistical examination of a select section of data from a specific buoy, The errors in the derived parameters are found to be quite small, less than 3% in the sea height and usually less than 4 degrees in the peak wave direction, However, errors in the directional wave spectra are found to be potentially significant, These errors are associated with the buoys only measuring sufficient data for the first two terms of the Fourier expansion of the directional spectrum, This measurement limitation is due to the operational requirements of the buoys and not due to any defects or design flaws, This limitation is examined in terms of its effect on the accuracy of the derived wave spectra, A method is developed in this study which allows for a maximum error estimate to be calculated for each hourly record of the buoy data with the goal of guiding the selection of those records which meet the accuracy requirements of a particular application utilizing the data, A select set of NDBC data, consisting of 1369 hourly records collected by Buoy 44 014 during August and September 1993, are analyzed to provide an overview of the size and variety of this error source of the measured directional spectrum, It is found that approximately 60% of the sample wave records give an upper bound rms error of less than 30% of the rms energy of the spectrum, which may be sufficiently accurate for many research requirements. C1 USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 22 IS 4 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1109/48.650830 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA YE526 UT WOS:A1997YE52600005 ER PT J AU Groves, GW Blair, WD Chow, WC AF Groves, GW Blair, WD Chow, WC TI Probability distribution of complex monopulse ratio with arbitrary correlation between channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID TRACKING; NOISE AB The joint distribution of the real and imaginary parts of the monopulse ratio (MR) is obtained for a monopulse radar with arbitrarily correlated Gaussian noise and non-zero means in the sum and difference channels. The general result is used to consider thresholding and to develop the marginal density for the real part of the MR for the special case of real correlation between the channels. C1 USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,WARFARE ANAL & SYST DEPT,DAHLGREN,VA 22448. RP Groves, GW (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,SYST RES & TECHNOL DEPT,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1345 EP 1350 DI 10.1109/7.625136 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XZ476 UT WOS:A1997XZ47600023 ER PT J AU Gingras, DF Gerstoft, P Gerr, NL AF Gingras, DF Gerstoft, P Gerr, NL TI Electromagnetic matched-field processing: Basic concepts and tropospheric simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE signal processing antennas ID SHALLOW-WATER; PARABOLIC EQUATION; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATION; MISMATCH; ENVIRONMENT; SENSITIVITY; INVERSION AB Recent waveguide array processing methods have incorporated the physics of wave propagation as an integral part of the processing, Matched-field processing (MFP) refers to signal and array processing techniques in which, rather than a planewave arrival model, complex-valued (amplitude and phase) field predictions for propagating signals are used, Matched-field processing has been successfully applied in ocean acoustics, In this paper, the extension of MFP to the electromagnetic domain, i.e., electromagnetic (EM) MFP (EM-MFP) is described, Simulations of EM-MFP in the tropospheric setting suggest that under suitable conditions, EM-MFP methods can enable EM sources to be both detected/localized and used as sources of opportunity for estimating the environmental parameters that determine ERI propagation. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,MARINE PHYS LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA 92037. OFF NAVAL RES,SURVEILLANCE COMMUN & ELECT COMBAT DIV,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. RP Gingras, DF (reprint author), NAVAL COMMAND,CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. RI Gerstoft, Peter/B-2842-2009 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1536 EP 1545 DI 10.1109/8.633863 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XY929 UT WOS:A1997XY92900015 ER PT J AU Fischer, G Davis, AJ AF Fischer, G Davis, AJ TI Alternative topologies for sigma-delta modulators - A comparative study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SWITCHED-CAPACITOR FILTERS; A/D CONVERTER; BANDWIDTH; GAIN AB This paper investigates four frequently used modulator topologies, namely two single-stage and two multistage architectures. Simple parametric expressions are derived which describe minimum amplifier gain and bandwidth requirements for all implementations as well as C-ratio matching conditions for the two multistage circuits, The cumulative effect of all amplifier nonidealities, including slewing, is revealed by a discrete-time simulator, This study not only presents accurate quantitative results that illustrate the negative impact of the most stringent amplifier nonidealities but also provides the necessary insight to circumvent or minimize these parasitic effects which ultimately limit performance. C1 USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,NEWPORT,RI 02841. RP Fischer, G (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1057-7130 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Analog Digit. Signal Process. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 44 IS 10 BP 789 EP 797 DI 10.1109/82.633433 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YA502 UT WOS:A1997YA50200001 ER PT J AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD TI A new method of robust image compression based on the embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE coefficient partitioning; embedded bitstream; error resilience; image compression; low complexity; wavelets AB We propose here a wavelet-based image compression algorithm that achieves robustness to transmission errors by partitioning the transform coefficients into groups and independently processing each group using an embedded coder. Thus, a bit error in one group does not affect the others, allowing more uncorrupted information to reach the decoder. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAP DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 10 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1436 EP 1442 DI 10.1109/83.624967 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XX236 UT WOS:A1997XX23600009 PM 18282898 ER PT J AU KamgarParsi, B KamgarParsi, B AF KamgarParsi, B KamgarParsi, B TI Matching sets of 3D line segments with application to polygonal arc matching SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE curve matching; polygonal arcs; 3D registration; segment matching; 3D arcs ID REGISTRATION; CURVES AB In this paper, we consider two sets of corresponding 3D line segments of equal length. We derive a closed-form solution for the coordinate transform (rotation and translation) that gives the best match between the two sets; best in the sense of a least squares distance measure between the sets. We use these results as the basis to construct efficient algorithms for solving other problems in computer vision. Specifically, we address the problem of matching polygonal arcs, that is, the problem of finding a match between a short are and a piece of a long arc. C1 USN, RES LAB, NAVY CTR APPL RES ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, RES LAB, DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1090 EP 1099 DI 10.1109/34.625109 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YB678 UT WOS:A1997YB67800005 ER PT J AU Richards, AL AF Richards, AL TI Tumour necrosis factor and associated cytokines in the host's response to malaria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Parasites and South-East-Asia - Now (PASEAN 1996) CY SEP 15-20, 1996 CL BALI, INDONESIA SP Austr Soc Parasitol, Indonesian Parasite Control Assoc DE malaria; tumour necrosis factor; lymphotoxin; interleukins; interferon-gamma; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; nitric oxide ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CD4+ T-CELLS; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL MALARIA; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI LARVAE; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; CYTO-TOXIC FACTOR AB Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) is produced at the initiation of malaria infections (re-erythrocytic phase), as demonstrated by the release of bioactive TNF by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals residing in endemic areas after stimulation with stage specific sporozoite antigens. During the erythrocytic phase, TNF production is greatly augmented by parasite antigens at the time of schizont rupture and merozoite release from infected erythrocytes. Some of the strongest inducers of TNF synthesis and release are malaria toxins, e.g. glycosylphosphatidylinositol moieties and malaria pigment. Because of TNF's well-known cytotoxic activity it was originally hypothesized that it alone was responsible for killing parasites directly or within host cells. Though earlier reports of the capability of serum containing TNF to kill plasmodia supported this idea, later experiments with recombinant TNF showed a lack of significant parasiticidal activity. Recent studies investigating related factors showed that they were involved with TNF in the control of infection. These factors included other cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) as well as nitric oxide intermediates (NOI) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). This positioned TNF as a key regulator of the immune response against the malaria parasite. However, it must be noted that TNF and its associated factors are also responsible for the fever, aches and pains of acute illness, as well as the hypoglycemia, shock, bleeding and reversible coma of severe malaria seen in approximately 1 percent of individuals with malaria. Therein lies the rub; factors important in the control of malaria also appear to have detrimental properties. Research presented in this review characterizes TNF and associated cytokines' importance in the immune response to malaria. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), US EMBASSY JAKARTA,USN,MED RES UNIT 2,BOX 3,APO,AP 96520, USA. NR 152 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1251 EP 1263 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00122-7 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YF814 UT WOS:A1997YF81400016 PM 9394195 ER PT J AU Abdelguerfi, M Cooper, E Wynne, C Shaw, K AF Abdelguerfi, M Cooper, E Wynne, C Shaw, K TI An extended vector product format (EVPF) suitable for the representation of three-dimensional elevation in terrain databases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Recent studies have shown that the Vector Product Format (VPF) and most VPF-based products no longer meet the needs of the Modelling and Simulation (M&S) community of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps. The research presented in this paper addresses some of the deficiencies outlined in these requirement surveys. One of the goals of this research is an Extended Vector Product Format (EVPF) and an EVPF-based product Modelling and Simulation Extended Vector Product (MSEVP). EVPF, which remains within the confines of VPFs static georelational data structure, extends VPF to allow for the efficient storage and access of Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)-based three dimensional elevation data. Additionally, EVPF permits the efficient integration of terrain elevation data with ground surface features, and provides an elegant method of rendering terrain in three-dimensions. This paper documents the design of EVPF and highlights its salient features. It also reports on our progress toward the design and implementation of an MSEVP prototype. MSEVP is expected to better serve the needs of the M&S community by addressing some of the deficiencies outlined in recent requirement studies. The paper will address: (a) the generation of TIN-based three-dimensional terrain data to populate the elevation coverage, (b) the extraction and conditioning of the transportation network to populate the associated coverage and (c) the integration of the transportation and elevation coverages. C1 USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529. RP Abdelguerfi, M (reprint author), UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT COMP SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 1365-8816 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 7 BP 649 EP 676 DI 10.1080/136588197242130 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA XY637 UT WOS:A1997XY63700003 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP Whitman, CI AF Cooper, KP Whitman, CI TI Melt atomization: Multiple regression analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article AB The goal of energetic melt atomization is to produce fine metal powder and is achieved by generating atomization conditions that maximize the surface are of a given volume of melt. To this end, it is useful to identify and determine processing variables which have a significant impact on atomization. We performed multiple regression analysis on experimental data obtained with a rapidly spinning cup atomizer. This mode of atomization is of particular interest as a way of producing very fine powders relatively easily and economically for use is applications such as metal injection molding. The analysis took into consideration planned and unplanned variations in all the processing variables adn identified several main and multi-factor interaction effects. It was found that variables that maximize atomization energy and minimize particle-particle collisions produced the finest particle size. For example, morphological evidence and Stokesian analysis showed that increasing the sample size increased the probability of particle-melt encounters; this resulted in the formation of encapsulated particles which were larger than the individual particles and which shifted the size distribution to coarser sizes. Applying the principles derived from the multiple regression analysis, we have designed an improved larger atomizer which is described briefly. C1 IND PROBLEM SOLVING,SOUTHPORT,CT 06490. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,CODE 6321,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWDER METALLURGY INST PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0888-7462 J9 INT J POWDER METALL JI Int. J. Powder Metall. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 7 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YD594 UT WOS:A1997YD59400006 ER PT J AU Chrisey, DB AF Chrisey, DB TI Progress in the first ten years of HTS film growth SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DEPOSITION; EPITAXY; SYSTEM AB Since its discovery, the quality of high-critical-temperature superconducting (HTS) thin films has continued to improve through a better understanding of how the crystalline structure affects transport properties and the development of new approaches to oxide-film deposition. Thin-film processing plays a key role in determining the properties because of the extremely small coherence length in all HTS materials. Issues of appropriate substrate matching and oxygen mobility still remain before YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films can find use in digital applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chrisey, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Code 6672,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 49 IS 10 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1007/BF02914735 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 114QN UT WOS:000075620500006 ER PT J AU Blain, CA AF Blain, CA TI Development of a data sampling strategy for semienclosed seas using a shallow-water model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION; PERFORMANCE; TIDES AB The interdependence of numerical coastal ocean models and field observations forms a basis for development of a data sampling strategy. The sampling strategy is centered on the identification of regions for field measurement that have the greatest impact on model-simulated dynamics. Comparisons, both qualitative and quantitative, between model-computed tides from a data-assimilative, barotropic tidal model in the Yellow and East China Seas that assimilates 114 tidal height observations, and model simulations that assimilate a single station group, defined by bathymetry or location within a dynamically active region, indicate that spatial location of the data has the greatest impact on computed model response. Tidal height information from deep water is shown to minimally influence predictions in shallower shelf waters. Coastally located data capture finescale, highly nonlinear tidal interactions spawned by complex bathymetry and irregular shorelines in localized areas. Tidal stations at shallow intermediate depths on the continental shelf make the largest contributions to model computed tides, particularly in the representation of dominant amplitude features and phase structure. Observations along the Korean coast, in the Bohai Sea near river inflows, or at the Taiwan Strait enhance model computations of the nonlinear tidal dynamics present in these regions. Procedures implemented to derive a data sampling strategy are readily transferred to other marginal seas and are not limited to tidal prediction but can be applied to other physical phenomena for which measurements are available or desired. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7322,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1173 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1157:DOADSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XX162 UT WOS:A1997XX16200013 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI A study of the wavenumber spectra of short water waves in the ocean .2. Spectral model and mean square slope SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND-GENERATED WAVES; RADAR CROSS-SECTION; SEA-SURFACE SLOPE; MODERATE INCIDENCE; INTERNAL WAVES; BACKSCATTER; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; STABILITY; FOLLOWER AB This paper presents a wavenumber spectral model of the surface water waves in the capillary-gravity regime. The database for the analysis consists of spatial and temporal measurements of surface slopes obtained from a scanning slope sensor buoy operating in free-drift mode in the Atlantic Ocean. These data indicate that the contribution of mean square slopes from capillary-gravity waves (wavelengths from 4 mm to 6 cm) is a significant portion of the total mean square slopes. The resulting mean square slopes derived from the proposed spectral model are in excellent agreement with existing field datasets. The properties of short waves, including the mean square slopes and wind speed dependence of the spectral intensity of individual wave components, derived from optical and microwave sensors are also compared. Significant differences in terms of the magnitudes of the mean square slopes and the exponents of wind speed dependence are found. Some of the possible explanations of the discrepancies are explored. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7332,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1186 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1174:ASOTWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XX162 UT WOS:A1997XX16200014 ER PT J AU Trump, CL AF Trump, CL TI Calculation of ADCP alignment offsets using single-beam velocity and depth data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To extract the maximum quality results from shipborne acoustic Doppler current profiler data, it is necessary to know bow the beams are aligned with respect to the earth. Individual beam velocities, relative to the water or the bottom, have been used to estimate the rotation of the transducer relative to the ship and the pitch offset of the transducer. Individual beam bottom-track ranges can be used to make an independent estimate of pitch offset and an estimate of the roll offset. RP Trump, CL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7250,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1252 EP 1255 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1252:COAAOU>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XX162 UT WOS:A1997XX16200021 ER PT J AU Wang, QY Johnson, JK Broughton, JQ AF Wang, QY Johnson, JK Broughton, JQ TI Path integral grand canonical Monte Carlo SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE VAPOR LINE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-POTENTIALS; SIMULATION; NEON; ENSEMBLE; HYDROGEN; FLUIDS; ENERGY AB We derive the real-space path integral formulations of Widom's test particle method and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC). We apply these simulation methods to hydrogen and neon at temperatures ranging from 30 to 120 K. In addition, in order to explore configuration space both efficiently and ergodically, our implementation involves multiple time step hybrid Monte Carlo. Agreement between experiment and simulation for chemical potentials (Widom) and densities (GCMC) is very good over the entire temperature range, even when quantum effects are large. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT CHEM & PETR ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 26 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 107 IS 13 BP 5108 EP 5117 DI 10.1063/1.474874 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XX840 UT WOS:A1997XX84000039 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Sokolov, A Steffen, W AF Ngai, KL Sokolov, A Steffen, W TI Correlations between boson peak strength and characteristics of local segmental relaxation in polymers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPOLARIZED-LIGHT-SCATTERING; FRAGILE GLASS FORMERS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; ORTHO-TERPHENYL AB A correlation between the strength of the boson peak, R-1(T-g), and the ''fragility'' of glass-forming liquids proposed earlier is reanalyzed more exactly for polymers. New experimental data are included, making the correlation more evident for the family of polymers. An additional correlation between R-1(T-g) and the shape parameter beta of the Kohlrausch correlation function of the cu relaxation is shown to hold as well, With these results, the important connection of the boson peak to the glass transition dynamics has become more apparent. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 MAX PLANCK INST POLYMER RES,D-55128 MAINZ,GERMANY. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Steffen, Werner/A-1417-2009 OI Steffen, Werner/0000-0001-6540-0660 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 107 IS 13 BP 5268 EP 5272 DI 10.1063/1.474889 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XX840 UT WOS:A1997XX84000054 ER PT J AU Sellami, L Wong, K Newcomb, RW AF Sellami, L Wong, K Newcomb, RW TI Semi-state models for VLSI hair-cell circuits SO JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems CY NOV, 1996 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, CAS Soc ID TRANSDUCTION AB Cochlea hair-cells act as neural interfaces of sound signals and, therefore, circuit representations are important to signal processing systems based upon characteristics of the ear. Here nonlinear semi-state equations for a bidirectional circuit representing a generic cochlea hair-cell are presented. The circuit can be specialized to inner or outer hair-cells depending upon the choice of circuit parameter values. Also developed are a canonical semi-state description for the hair-cell potassium and sodium channels, and circuits suitable for a transistorized hardware implementation. Circuit simulations are run with numerical data to correlate with the Howard-Hudspeth experiments. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, Microsyst Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. POSTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Sellami, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1266 J9 J CIRCUIT SYST COMP JI J. Circuits Syst. Comput. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 5 BP 505 EP 516 DI 10.1142/S0218126697000383 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA ZL286 UT WOS:000073417400012 ER PT J AU Devereaux, CE AF Devereaux, CE TI Human monocytic ehrlichiosis presenting as febrile diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ehrlichiosis; febrile diarrhea; leukopenia; thrombocytopenia ID CHAFFEENSIS AB I report a case of tick-borne ehrlichiosis in which the primary presentation suggested an infectious diarrhea, with impressive leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Ehrlichiosis must be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile diarrhea in endemic areas because delay in therapy allows complications and sometimes death. In patients with apparent febrile diarrhea, the presence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia or elevated aminotransferase values should alert the physician to look for a history of tick bites and consider treatment with doxycycline or tetracycline. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV GASTROENTEROL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. RP Devereaux, CE (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,34800 BOB WILSON DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 544 EP 545 DI 10.1097/00004836-199710000-00014 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YK255 UT WOS:A1997YK25500014 PM 9412975 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Sumner, JW Shore, GM Bartley, DC Elie, RC McQuade, JG Martin, CR Goldsmith, CS Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Sumner, JW Shore, GM Bartley, DC Elie, RC McQuade, JG Martin, CR Goldsmith, CS Childs, JE TI Isolation and characterization of Ehrlichia chaffeensis strains from patients with fatal ehrlichiosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; UNITED-STATES; PLAQUE-FORMATION; INFECTION; CELLS; CANIS AB Two new isolates of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (designated Jar and Si, Vincent) mere obtained from patients with fatal ehrlichial infections. Patients developed characteristic manifestations of severe disease due to E. chaffeensis, including marked thrombocytopenia, pulmonary insufficiency, and encephalopathy. Primary isolation was achieved in DH82 cells; the Jar and St. Vincent isolates were detected within 19 and 8 days postinoculation, respectively. The isolates were characterized by molecular evaluation of the 16S rRNA gene, the groESL best shock operon, a 120-kDa immunodominant protein gene, and an incompletely characterized repetitive-motif sequence (variable-length PCR target [VLPT]). The sequences were compared with those of the corresponding molecular regions in the type isolate (Arkansas), St, Vincent contained one fewer repeat unit in both the 120-kDa protein gene and the VLPT compared with corresponding sequences of the Jar and Arkansas isolates. 16S rRNA gene sequences from the two new isolates had 100% identity to the corresponding sequences of the 91HE17 and Sapulpa isolates off. chaffeensis, and to the corrected 16S rRNA gene sequence of the Arkansas isolate, The Jar isolate grew more slowly than the St. Vincent isolate in DH82 cells, and both of the new isolates grew more slowly than the extensively passaged Arkansas isolate. Although specific associations between ehrlichial pathogenicity and genotype were not identified from these comparisons, recovery of this organism from a spectrum of clinical presentations remains an integral step in understanding mechanisms of disease caused by E. chaffeensis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFECT DIS PATHOL ACT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USN HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,JACKSONVILLE,FL. USN HOSP,DEPT FAMILY PRACTICE,JACKSONVILLE,FL. USN HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,JACKSONVILLE,FL. ST VINCENTS MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,JACKSONVILLE,AL. ST VINCENTS MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,JACKSONVILLE,AL. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 33 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2496 EP 2502 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX182 UT WOS:A1997XX18200012 PM 9316896 ER PT J AU DiVita, JC Rock, I AF DiVita, JC Rock, I TI A belongingness principle of motion perception SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 02-04, 1993 CL SARASOTA, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID VISUAL PERCEPTION; INDUCED MOVEMENT AB Four experiments are reported that investigated the role of the perceived coplanarity of a moving target with respect to a frame of reference in the third dimension on the perceived path of that target. When a target dot and small moving frame appeared coplanar, the dot's perceived trajectory was governed entirely by its changing position relative to the moving frame. However, when the target and a large stationary frame appeared in a different plane than the small moving frame, the motion of the dot was seen independently of the moving frame. The results support a belongingness principle of motion perception: The displacement of an object relative to a frame of reference to which it belongs governs its perceived path of motion. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PSYCHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP DiVita, JC (reprint author), USN,SUBMARINE MED RES LAB,VIS DEPT,BOX 900 NAVSUBASE NLON,GROTON,CT 06349, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0096-1523 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Hum. Percept. Perform. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1343 EP 1352 PG 10 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA YA347 UT WOS:A1997YA34700004 PM 9336956 ER PT J AU Lee, M Longoria, RG Wilson, DE AF Lee, M Longoria, RG Wilson, DE TI Ballistic waves in high-speed water entry SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB The generation and propagation of pressure waves (ballistic waves) by a body impacting and penetrating into water at high speed are investigated both analytically and numerically. An analytical model is, in principle, applicable for predicting ballistic waves by any projectiles of practical interest. The theory is general enough to handle oblique and/or multiple penetrations, and is valid for impacts at subsonic and supersonic velocities with respect to water. The ballistic waves radiated by a projectile are expressed as a convolution between the vertical component, which represents the response of a moving point source, and the horizontal component, which represents the response of the cross-section of the source. Diffraction effects resulting from the finite size are accounted for by including the horizontal pressure component. A time inversion phenomenon which can occur during supersonic penetration is also considered. The approach provides valuable insight into the pressure field generated by the penetration mechanisms. Numerical results are obtained by using a nonlinear wave-code, and these are in good agreement with the analytical predictions. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 7 BP 819 EP 844 DI 10.1006/jfls.1997.0103 PG 26 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA ZL958 UT WOS:000073490600005 ER PT J AU Sojka, JJ Schunk, RW Bowline, MD Chen, J Slinker, S Fedder, J AF Sojka, JJ Schunk, RW Bowline, MD Chen, J Slinker, S Fedder, J TI Driving a physical ionospheric model with a magnetospheric MHD model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GLOBAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; LATITUDE-F-REGION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SOLAR MINIMUM; THERMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY AB This is the first study in which a physical ionospheric model (time-dependent ionospheric model (TDIM)) has been driven through a substorm using self-consistent magnetospheric convection electric field and auroral electron precipitation inputs. Both of these were generated from a simulation of a red substorm event using the MHD model [Fedder et al., 1995b]. Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data were available for 1.5 hours until the substorm breakup. Hence the substorm growth and expansion dynamics is captured in a 1.5-hour time period. As a reference against which to compare this TDIM substorm simulation, a typical climatological TDIM simulation was carried out using standard statistical representations of the convection electric field and auroral oval. Note that these statistical representations are driven by the K-p index. This is a 3-hour index, yet the substorm growth and expansion occurs in 1.5 hours. Hence a static convection electric field and auroral oval are used for: the TDIM reference simulation. From the comparison of these two simulations, we find, as expected, the E region densities are different. However, these differences lead to factors of 2-4 differences in the integrated Half and Pedersen conductivities, These conductivities, in turn, are crucial as an ionospheric boundary condition for magnetospheric MHD modeling. The F region spatial and temporal responses are complex and exhibit large differences, from tens of percents to factors of 4 in density and up to +/-70 km in h(m)F(2). These differences are all larger than typical experimental uncertainties. The dayside and cusp variabilities are very sensitive to the convection pattern and are not well correlated to magnetic indices, such as the 3-hourly K-p index, In the polar cap, the differences in the location of the tongues of ionization and the polar holes readily lead to factors of 2-4 in local density differences, Differences in the locations of ''boundaries'' in the plasma convection and auroral precipitation lead to large differences in the local F region densities and in the locations of strong density gradients, both of which are relevant to space weather applications. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEORGE MASON UNIV,INST COMPUTAT SCI & INFORMAT,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Sojka, JJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR ATMOSPHER & SPACE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A10 BP 22209 EP 22220 DI 10.1029/97JA01650 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XZ208 UT WOS:A1997XZ20800015 ER PT J AU Franke, ED Corradin, G Hoffman, SL AF Franke, ED Corradin, G Hoffman, SL TI Induction of protective CTL responses against the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein by immunization with peptides SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN PEPTIDE; SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; INDUCED FALCIPARUM MALARIA; FREE SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; LYMPHOCYTES-T; HELPER EPITOPES; CS PROTEIN; IN-VIVO; INVIVO AB To determine the optimum combination, concentration, and formulation of synthetic peptides and adjuvants to induce protective CTL responses against the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP), BALB/c mice were immunized with linear and multiple antigen peptides (MAP) including PyCSP CTL and Th epitopes in Montanide's ISA51, Lipofectin, and Lipofectamine, An H-2K(d)-restricted PyCSP CTL epitope, SYVPSAEQI (amino acids (aa) 280-288), recognized by protective CTL clones, was included in the following peptides: a 9-aa linear peptide (SYVPSAEQI; PyCSP9), a 20-aa linear peptide (aa 280-299; SYVPSAEQILEFVKQISSL; PyCSP20), a MAP containing four blanches of PyCSP20 (MAP(280-299)), and a linear peptide and a MAP(MAP(280-299)p2p30) in which PyCSP20 was colinearly synthesized with two universal Th epitopes from tetanus toxin (p2p30). A MAP containing the PyCSP Th epitope (aa 57-70; KIYNRNIVNRLLGD) was included in some experiments. The highest specific lytic activity against peptide-pulsed target cells was obtained with splenocytes from mite immunized with three doses at 3-wk intervals of MAP(280-299)p2p30 in Lipofectin or Lipofectamine. forty percent of the mice immunized with MAP(280-299)p2p30 and Lipofectin were protected against sporozoite challenge, Immunization with CTL and Th epitopes co-linearly synthesized in a MAP induced significantly better CTL than did immunization with the same sequence as a linear peptide, or immunization with a mixture of two individual MAPs, one with the CTL epitope and the second with the Th epitope. C1 USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV LAUSANNE,INST BIOCHEM,CH-1066 EPALINGES,SWITZERLAND. RI Villasante, Eileen/G-3602-2011 NR 51 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 7 BP 3424 EP 3433 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XY461 UT WOS:A1997XY46100040 PM 9317141 ER PT J AU Chang, CC Sirkis, J AF Chang, CC Sirkis, J TI Impact-induced damage of laminated graphite/epoxy composites monitored using embedded in-line fiber etalon optic sensors SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; PANELS AB This paper describes the use of fiber optic sensors embedded into laminated graphite/epoxy composites for low velocity impact-induced damage assessment. The sensor system uses in-line fiber etalon (ILFE) sensors interrogated with path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI) and demodulated with a "single channel phase tracker." Uncoated and coated copper ILFE sensors were embedded at the mid-plane of [90(2)/0(4)/OF(0)/0(4)/90(2)] composite plates subjected to transverse impact (The OF(0) denotes an optical fiber orientation of zero degree). The ILFE sensor response was compared to a resistance strain gage bonded to the back side of the specimen and to the load cell mounted on the impactor. The strain measured with the metal coated ILFE sensor and the load cell response were used to plot a hysteresis strain-load curve to assess the impact-induced damage. The result shows that the similar to 1 J impact energy starts to initiate the composite damage, and that the area contained within the hysteresis loop area is approximately proportional to the delamination area evaluated by X-ray radiographs. X-ray NDE indicates that the embedded ILFE sensor does not alter the structural integrity based on the nacre-scale observations. In addition, the impact test showed that the sensor embedded in the middle layer had higher survivability than the resistance strain gage bonded to the rear surface of the plate. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Smart Mat & Struct Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chang, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 10 BP 829 EP 841 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ZW478 UT WOS:000074415000003 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Kindle, JC Young, DK AF Keen, TR Kindle, JC Young, DK TI The interaction of southwest monsoon upwelling, advection and primary production in the northwest Arabian Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Arabian Sea; upwelling; numerical model; primary production; coupled model ID SOMALI CURRENT; INDIAN-OCEAN; LAYER DEPTH; MIXED LAYER; PLANKTON; MODEL; DYNAMICS; OCEANOGRAPHY; BIOMASS; COPEPOD AB A biological model comprising phytoplankton, zooplankton, detritus, and nitrogen pools has been coupled to a 3-layer reduced-gravity ocean circulation model of the Arabian Sea through the vertical mixing and horizontal transport fields, Coupled biophysical interactions during the southwest monsoon have been investigated using experiments with progressively more physical forcing: (1) initial-value biological calculations with no forcing; (2) upwelling simulations for the southwest monsoon that incorporate vertical forcing only; and (3) coupled physical-biological model experiments that use both upwelling and horizontal advection, and are forced by monthly varying climatological wind stresses and density profiles for the Arabian Sea. The initial-value and upwelling experiments indicate the roles of grazing pressure and remineralization of detritus when physical forcing is present. The coupled model experiments demonstrate the importance of coastal upwelling and offshore advection in determining patterns of total nitrogen in surface waters, both near the coast and offshore. Offshore jets are significant as sources of both transported nutrients and biomass in open waters far from coastal upwelling areas. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OCEANOG,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1-4 BP 61 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(97)00003-1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YB194 UT WOS:A1997YB19400005 ER PT J AU Shahgholi, M Callahan, JH Rappoli, BJ Rowley, DA AF Shahgholi, M Callahan, JH Rappoli, BJ Rowley, DA TI Investigation of copper-saccharide complexation reactions using potentiometry and electrospray mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE metal complexation; electrospray mass spectrometry; potentiometry; carbohydrates ID FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT; PHASE ION CHEMISTRY; GAS-PHASE; CHARGED DROPLETS; DIIMINE LIGANDS; METAL-CATIONS; AMINO-ACIDS; IONIZATION; SEAWATER; MECHANISM AB The associations between cupric ions and oligosaccharides of cellulose, chitin and chitosan were investigated using potentiometry and electrospray mass spectrometry. The goal of these studies was to understand the degree to which electrospray mass spectra reflect the solution chemistry of copper-oligosaccharide complexes. To this end, electrospray mass spectrometric data were compared with potentiometric studies. The potentiometric data revealed no copper binding for mono- and tetrasaccharides of cellulose and chitin, while the mass spectrometric data suggested the presence of distinct copper complexes, these attributed to charge attachment during desorption from the highly charged electrospray droplets. Difference in the distribution of tetrasaccharide-copper complexes for cellulose and chitin was attributed to possible differences in droplet solution conformations of these saccharides. For mono-, di- and tetrasaccharides of chitosan the potentiometric data showed strong copper complexation. For the tetrasaccharide the major species expected at pH 7 is a neutral copper complex. This neutral copper-tetrasaccharide complex was observed in the protonated form at relatively low abundances under high-voltage conditions in the electrospray interface. In this complex, Cu(II) is co-ordinated to the C(1)-alkoxide, the four amine nitrogens of chitosan tetrasaccharide and an anion. The ability of electrospray mass spectrometry to probe the immediate environment of the complex provides a clearer picture of the complex as it exists in solution, the associated counter-ions and possible differences in conformation. However, electrospray mass spectrometric data best reflect chemistries in highly charged droplets rather than systems at equilibrium, highlighting the significance of supporting techniques to fully understand a chemical system. (C) by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. No. of Figures:11 No. of Tables:1 No. of Refs:40. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA. RP Shahgholi, M (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, DIV CHEM, CODE 6113, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-5174 EI 1096-9888 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1080 EP 1093 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199711)32:10<1080::AID-JMS562>3.3.CO;2-2 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA YD324 UT WOS:A1997YD32400007 ER PT J AU Jackson, KL Thurston, DL Boudreaux, PJ Armstrong, RW Wu, CCM AF Jackson, KL Thurston, DL Boudreaux, PJ Armstrong, RW Wu, CCM TI Fracturing of industrial diamond plates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRASTA AB Indentation hardness and three-point bend tests were performed on perforated synthetic diamond substrates designed for use in a three-dimensional cube computer architecture based on interconnected stacking of multichip modules. The fracture strengths in bending of two substrate materials, with and without laser drilled interconnect ''via holes'', were correlated with optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the fracture surfaces, thus providing for matching of fracture strengths with different growth microstructures with in the plates and, also, with the extent of weakening produced by the via holes. The relatively high strength levels, characteristic of diamond material, were found to be lowered somewhat either by a filamentary pattern of growth fissures in one material or less so by apparent cleavage fracturing among textured grains in a second material. In the latter case, the technique of fracture surface topography analysis (FRASTA) provided evidence of plastic flow having occurred during fracturing. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Jackson, KL (reprint author), LAB PHYS SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20740, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 32 IS 19 BP 5035 EP 5045 DI 10.1023/A:1018601013431 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YA579 UT WOS:A1997YA57900002 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI The Wilderness campaign SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 810 EP 811 DI 10.2307/2954102 PG 2 WC History SC History GA YB995 UT WOS:000058676100021 ER PT J AU Love, RW AF Love, RW TI War at sea: A naval history of World War II SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Love, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 824 EP 825 DI 10.2307/2954113 PG 2 WC History SC History GA YB995 UT WOS:000058676100032 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Perrie, W AF Lin, RQ Perrie, W TI A new coastal wave model .5. Five-wave interactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; FINITE-AMPLITUDE; INSTABILITIES; EVOLUTION AB The authors study the action flux associated with three-dimensional wave-wave interactions of ocean surface waves. Over deep water, two-dimensional wave-wave interactions are dominant: the three-dimensional five-wave interactions are two orders of magnitude smaller than the two-dimensional four-wave interactions. However, the five-wave interactions become increasingly important as the water depth decreases. Because of the effects of finite depth, three-dimensional five-wave interactions, involving steep finite-amplitude waves, dominate over two-dimensional four-wave interactions. Specifically, when the water depth h is less than 10 m, or nondimensionalizing with the spectral peak wavenumber K-p when K(p)h less than or equal to 3.6 and nonlinearity, epsilon = Ka(3 + tanh(2)Kh)/4 tanh(3)Kh greater than or equal to 0.3, the five-wave interactions completely dominate. Results are consistent with the instability study by McLean. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,BEDFORD INST OCEANOG,DIV OCEAN SCI,DARTMOUTH,NS B2Y 4A2,CANADA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), HYDROMECH DIRECTORATE,DAVID TAYLOR MODEL BASIN,NSWC,CARDEROCK DIV,CODE 5030,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2169 EP 2186 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2169:ANCWMP>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YA958 UT WOS:A1997YA95800007 ER PT J AU Terray, EA Donelan, MA Agrawal, YC Drennan, WM Kahma, KK Williams, AJ Hwang, PA Kitaigorodskii, SA AF Terray, EA Donelan, MA Agrawal, YC Drennan, WM Kahma, KK Williams, AJ Hwang, PA Kitaigorodskii, SA TI Estimates of kinetic energy dissipation under breaking waves - Reply SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TURBULENCE C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. SEQUOIA SCI INC,MERCER ISL,WA. ENVIRONM CANADA,CANADA CTR INLAND WATERS,NATL WATER RES INST,BURLINGTON,ON L7R 4A6,CANADA. FINNISH INST MARINE RES,HELSINKI,FINLAND. USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,PP SHIRSHOV INST OCEANOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP Terray, EA (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT APPL OCEAN PHYS & ENGN,217 BIGELOW,MS-11,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Kahma, Kimmo/A-3407-2013 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2308 EP 2309 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2308:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YA958 UT WOS:A1997YA95800017 ER PT J AU Guha, S Steiner, P Kozlowski, F Lang, W AF Guha, S. Steiner, Peter Kozlowski, F. Lang, W. TI Optical Characterization of Free-Standing Porous Silicon Films SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE porous Si; photoluminescence; absorbtion; Raman scattering; Band-gap distribution AB We report here the optical characterization of two free-standing porous silicon (PS) films of porosity 70% and 85%, grown on a p- and a n-type Si. We determine the optical band gap in these films from the excitation wavelength dependence of the photoluminescence band. As the excitation wavelength is changed from red (800 nm) to UV (355 nm), a blue shift of the photoluminescence (PL) band is observed. We attribute the observed blue shift of the PL band to the emission due to the distribution of bandgap in PS. Both samples are oxidized in air and we believe that the observed bandgap in these films arises from the inhomogeneous distribution of Si particle sizes. However, we find that intrinsic defects play a dominant role in the process of luminescence. Electron spin resonance measurement indicates the presence of defects leading to the saturation of the optical absorption spectra and a decrease in intensity of the PL band. The lineshape of the PL band is modeled using a weighted asymmetric Gaussian that selects a gap distribution function at each excitation wavelength. From Raman measurements in these two films, the quantum confinement effect in Si nanostructures is clearly observed in both films. C1 [Guha, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steiner, Peter; Kozlowski, F.] Fraunhofer Inst Solid State Technol, Munich, Germany. [Lang, W.] Inst Micro & Informat Technol, Villingen Scwenningen, Germany. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lang, Walter/G-3835-2011; OI Lang, Walter/0000-0002-9813-5231 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-2224 J9 J POROUS MAT JI J. Porous Mat. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 4 IS 4 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1023/A:1009623204014 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA V20GW UT WOS:000208129500001 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL Decaux, V Beiersdorfer, P AF Jacobs, VL Decaux, V Beiersdorfer, P TI K alpha emission in equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Radiative Properties of Hot Dense Matter III CY 1996 CL LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA HO LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS; RAY-LINE EMISSION; FE-XXV; RADIATIVE TRANSITIONS; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; ELECTRON-BEAM; CHARGED IONS; RECOMBINATION; POLARIZATION AB A detailed spectral model has been under development for the computer simulation of 2p --> 1s K alpha x-ray emissions from highly-charged Fe ions in plasmas. Particular interest has been directed at the K alpha emissions produced by the ions from Fe XVIII to Fe XXIV, which occur in the spectral range from 1.84 to 1.94 Angstrom. Account has been taken of the fundamental radiative emission processes associated with radiationless electron capture or dielectronic recombination, inner-shell-electron collisional excitation, and inner-shell-electron collisional ionization. In high-temperature plasmas, small or moderate departures from steady-state corona-model charge-state distributions may occur due to the effects of ion transport processes. However, the assumption of equilibrium (Maxwellian) electron energy distributions is usually accepted to be valid. Particular emphasis has now been directed at the identification of spectral features that can serve as diagnostics of extreme non-equilibrium or transient-ionization conditions, which can occur in both low-density and high-density plasmas as well as in electron-ion beam interactions. In the development of the general theoretical description of the emission spectra, it has been necessary to allow for an arbitrary (non-Maxwellian) electron energy distribution. In order to provide a microscopic investigation of the fundamental K alpha line-formation processes that can play a dominant role under extreme non-equilibrium conditions, the observed x-ray emission spectra from Fe ions in the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have been simulated. For the precise interpretation of the high-resolution x-ray observations, which may involve the analysis of blended spectral features composed of many lines, it has been necessary to take into account the multitude of fine-structure components of the K alpha radiative transitions in the ions from Fe XVIII to Fe XXIV. A complex situation can be encountered for densities that are higher than the validity range of the simple corona-model approximation. With increasing density, collisionally-induced transitions among the low-lying fine-structure states can play an important role. We have developed a hierarchy of simplified statistical-population models for the distribution of the initial ions among the different low-lying fine-structure states. The inadequacies of this simple approximation can be fundamentally remedied only by tie application of a detailed (and possibly time-dependent) collisional-radiative-model description of the fine-structure excitation, de-excitation, and ionization processes. It has been found that inner-shell-electron collisional excitation and ionization processes involving the complex intermediate ions from Fe XVIII to Fe XXI produce spectral features, in the wavelength range from 1.89 to 1.94 Angstrom, which are particularly sensitive to density variations and transient-ionization conditions. For a precise analysis of the x-ray observations produced by anisotropic (directed) electron collisional excitations, it will be necessary in a future extension of this investigation to take into account the angular distribution and polarization of the emitted radiation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Code 6693, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4-6 BP 645 EP 659 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(97)00071-X PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA YR509 UT WOS:000071502400025 ER PT J AU Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A AF Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A TI Checking the validity of Busquet's ionization temperature with detailed collisional radiative models SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Radiative Properties of Hot Dense Matter III CY 1996 CL LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA HO LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA; X-RAY-SPECTRA; COMPLEX SPECTRA; CROSS-SECTIONS; AUTOIONIZATION; IONS; COEFFICIENTS; EXCITATIONS; DENSITY; PROGRAM AB Busquet's RADIOM model for effective ionization temperature T-Z is an appealing and simple way to introduce non LTE effects in hydrocodes. We report here checking the validity of RADIOM in the optically thin case by comparison with two collisional radiative models, MICCRON (level-by-level) for C and Al and SCROLL (superconfiguration-by-superconfiguration) for Lu and Au. MICCRON is described in detail. The agreement between the average ion charge < Z > and the corresponding T-Z obtained from RADIOM on the one hand, and from MICCRON on the other hand for C and Al is excellent. The absorption spectra at T-Z agree very well with the one generated by SCROLL near LTE conditions (small beta). Farther from LTE (large beta) the agreement is still good, but another effective temperature gives an excellent agreement. It is concluded that the model of Busquet is very good in most cases. There is however room for improvement when the departure from LTE is more pronounced for heavy atoms and for emissivity. Improvement appears possible because the concept of ionization temperature seems to hold in a broader range of parameters. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Klapisch, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Code 6730, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4-6 BP 687 EP 697 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(97)00074-5 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA YR509 UT WOS:000071502400028 ER PT J AU Mosse, C Calisti, A Stamm, R Talin, B Lee, RW Koch, J Asfaw, A Seely, J Wark, J Klein, L AF Mosse, C Calisti, A Stamm, R Talin, B Lee, RW Koch, J Asfaw, A Seely, J Wark, J Klein, L TI X-ray laser photopumped resonance fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Radiative Properties of Hot Dense Matter III CY 1996 CL LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA HO LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB ID FREQUENCY-FLUCTUATION MODEL; PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; DENSE AB A calculation of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of the 146.526 Angstrom 3d-2p transition of fluorine-like magnesium photopumped by the 146.515 Angstrom zirconium X-ray laser line is discussed in connection with an experimental measurement in a hot, dense laser produced plasma. The calculation of the fluorescence spectral profile is based on a recent extension of the Frequency Fluctuation Model (FFM) that enables the computation of radiative redistribution and other higher order radiative processes. The discussion of the photopumping experiment includes an analysis of the optimal plasma conditions and the associated characteristics of the redistributed radiation with specific reference to the experimental feasibility. The potential information to je acquired in the comparison of the computational and experimental results also will be considered. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 1, UMR 6633, Ctr St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Phys, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Howard Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Mosse, C (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, UMR 6633, Ctr St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. OI Calisti, Annette/0000-0001-6727-9286 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4-6 BP 803 EP 810 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(97)00085-X PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA YR509 UT WOS:000071502400039 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Brown, CM Feldman, U Obenschain, S Bodner, S Pawley, C Gerber, K Sethian, J Aglitskiy, Y Lehecka, T Holland, G AF Seely, JF Brown, CM Feldman, U Obenschain, S Bodner, S Pawley, C Gerber, K Sethian, J Aglitskiy, Y Lehecka, T Holland, G TI X-ray spectroscopy and imaging of Nike laser-produced plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Radiative Properties of Hot Dense Matter III CY 1996 CL LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA HO LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR EXPERIMENTS; INCOHERENCE; IRRADIATION; NOVA AB Plastic foils were irradiated by the NRL Nike KrF laser and were imaged in the x-ray and extreme ultraviolet regions with 2D spatial resolution in the 3-10 mu m range. The CH foils were backlit by a silicon plasma. The silicon backlighter emission was recorded by an x-ray spectrometer, and the Si+12 1,855 eV resonance line emission was recorded by a fast x-ray diode. A spherically curved quartz crystal produced monochromatic images of the 1,865 eV radiation that was transmitted by the CH foils. Instabilities that were seeded by linear ripple patterns on the irradiated sides of CH foils were observed. The ripple patterns had periods in the 31-125 mu m range and amplitudes in the 0.25-5.0 mu m range. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4-6 BP 905 EP 910 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(97)00096-4 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA YR509 UT WOS:000071502400049 ER PT J AU Yun, XP Yamamoto, Y AF Yun, XP Yamamoto, Y TI Stability analysis of the internal dynamics of a wheeled mobile robot SO JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The stability of the internal dynamics of a wheeled mobile robot is analyzed. It is shown that the wheeled mobile robot exhibits unstable internal dynamics when moving backwards. Most control methods of wheeled mobile robots are designed based on input-output relations. Since the internal dynamics are not represented in input-output relations, stability properties of the internal dynamics are generally neglected. Nevertheless, the internal dynamics do affect the behavior of mobile robots. Taking the look-ahead control method as an example, it is shown that, by using a novel Liapunov function, the internal dynamics of a two-wheel differential-drive mobile robot are unstable when it is commanded to move backwards. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the analysis. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 IBARAKI UNIV,DEPT SYST ENGN,HITACHI,IBARAKI 316,JAPAN. RP Yun, XP (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CODE EC-YX,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-2223 J9 J ROBOTIC SYST JI J. Robot. Syst. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 10 BP 697 EP 709 PG 13 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA XX992 UT WOS:A1997XX99200001 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Jackson, EM Summers, GP AF Weaver, BD Jackson, EM Summers, GP TI Effect of proton irradiation on the critical current in Tl2Ca2BaCu2O8 bicrystal Josephson junctions SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE proton irradiation; Tl2Ca2BaCu2O8; Josephson junctions AB Josephson junctions made by depositing Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 (T1-2212) high-temperature superconducting films on a SrTiO3 bicrystal were irradiated at room temperature with 2-MeV protons Changes in the critical current I-c and the temperature T* at which I-c approaches zero are reported as functions of the proton fluence. Following an initial drop at low fluences, similar to a pretreatment stage, I-c becomes significantly more resistant to radiation damage. low fluences, the sensitivity of I-c to radiation damage is apparently dominated by the presence of grains or bridges at the junction. At high fluences the dominant effect appears to be radiation-induced decreases in the transition temperature T-c of the banks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20875 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 5 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1007/BF02767685 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YT500 UT WOS:000071612700005 ER PT J AU Pickett, WE AF Pickett, WE TI Coupling across an intimate cuprate-manganite interface SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE La2-xBaxMnO4; colossal magnetoresistance; La1.85Ba0.15CuO4; high-temperature superconductor interface ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MULTILAYERS; LAYERS AB Electronic and magnetic coupling across the interface between a ferromagnetic La2-xBaxMnO4 ("colossal magnetoresistance" CMR) layer and a La1.85Ba0.15CuO4 (high-temperature superconductor) layer are studied in a self-consistent virtual crystal approximation using the local spin density functional approach. The manganite material dopes the first cuprate layer, with holes if x = 2/3 and with electrons if x = O. For x near the CMR regime the ferromagnetic manganite slab should be half-metallic. Such multilayer systems may be useful as magnetic field-controlled current switches, or as a relatively high-temperature superconducting material with small critical field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pickett, WE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 5 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1007/BF02767698 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YT500 UT WOS:000071612700018 ER PT J AU Smith, KB Cushman, EB AF Smith, KB Cushman, EB TI A comparison of quasi-continuous wave and broadband travel time techniques in the prediction of long-range reverberation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Previous work has shown that the general structure of deep ocean reverberation can be reasonably modeled using single-frequency propagation techniques. Recent results indicate that secondary, multipath influences can affect reverberation levels significantly. Primarily, these influences are observed in shadow regions of the primary, direct path ensonification. Temporal separation of these paths is required in order to distinguish these effects. This suggests that regions of the reverberation signal may not be well predicted by single-frequency quasi-cw (continuous wave) methods.-In this paper, a quasi-cw method of predicting long-range reverberation is compared to an exact, two-way travel time technique. Each model assumes a simple, constant plane-wave scattering strength, thereby emphasizing the influence of propagation. Results from both models are compared to measured reverberation data from an ONR-SRP bottom reverberation experiment conducted near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is shown that the single-frequency method underestimates reverberation levels on the backside of large ridge structures which act as shadow zones for all propagation paths. Returns from multipaths, however, begin to fill in these regions in time and may explain the lack of such dramatic signal drop-outs from measured data. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(97)02710-0] PACS numbers: 43.30.-k, 43.30.Gv [JHM]. RP Smith, KB (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,CODE PH-SK,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 102 IS 4 BP 2063 EP 2071 DI 10.1121/1.419656 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA YE034 UT WOS:A1997YE03400018 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Pramanik, A Banerjee, A Bhattacharjya, S Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Pramanik, A Banerjee, A Bhattacharjya, S Balaram, P TI omega-amino acids in peptide design. Crystal structures and solution conformations of peptide helices containing a beta-alanyl-gamma-aminobutyryl segment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPEPTIDE ANALOGS; LINEAR OLIGOPEPTIDES; CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; PROTEINS; ALANINE; MODEL; BOND; HEPTAPEPTIDE; HEXAPEPTIDE; STABILITY AB Insertion of achiral omega-amino acids into peptide sequences results in replacement of scissile peptide bonds by proteolytically stable C-C bonds. This provides a convenient means of creating peptidomimetics. The present study establishes the preservation of helical structures in octa-and undecapeptides with centrally located, P-and gamma-amino acids in the Sequence. X-ray diffraction analyses of single crystals and NMR studies have been used to investigate the extent of perturbations of a regular 3(10)- or alpha-helix by the introduction of (-CH2-)(n) groups into the backbone by the use of the beta-Ala-gamma-Abu segment (beta-Ala = beta-alanine, gamma-Abu = gamma-aminobutyric acid), which is formally homomorphous with a (Gly)3 segment. In crystals, the octapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-beta-Ala-gamma-Abu-Leu-Aib-Val-OMe (1) and the undecapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-beta-Ala-gamma-Abu-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (2) retain their helical motifs with minor bulges. Five new types of 4-->1, 5-->1, and 6-->1 hydrogen bond rings are formed with up to three extra CH2 moieties. Cell parameters for peptide 1 are space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a=11.506 (1) Angstrom, b=16.600 (1) Angstrom, c=27.362(1) Angstrom, and R=6.1% for 2696 data measured >4 sigma(F); for the undecapeptide 2, the space group is P2(1) with a=8.605 (3) Angstrom, b=22.806 (4) Angstrom, c=19.014 (3) Angstrom, beta=101.47(2)degrees, and R=7.5% for 3797 data measured >4 sigma(F). Helical conformations in solution are also maintained for peptide 2 as is evident from NMR studies in CDCl3, which suggest that the centrally positioned, flexible beta-Ala-gamma-Abu segment can be comfortably accommodated into helical structures adopting gauche conformations about specific C-C bonds of the poly(methylene) units. Twenty structures for backbone conformations generated from MD simulations using NMR-derived contraints, superpose with a low RMSD value (0.78 +/- 0.05 Angstrom), further indicating that in these peptides the conformational flexibility of the beta-Ala-gamma-Abu segment is limited and confined to largely helical conformations. C1 INDIAN INST SCI,MOL BIOPHYS UNIT,BANGALORE 560012,KARNATAKA,INDIA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Bhattacharjya, SURAJIT/A-2183-2011 NR 41 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 39 BP 9087 EP 9095 DI 10.1021/ja970566w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XY938 UT WOS:A1997XY93800001 ER PT J AU Flatau, M Flatau, PJ Phoebus, P Niller, PP AF Flatau, M Flatau, PJ Phoebus, P Niller, PP TI The feedback between equatorial convection and local radiative and evaporative processes: The implications for intraseasonal oscillations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN PACIFIC; TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE; TOGA-COARE; WIND; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; CLUSTERS; CLOUDS; MODEL AB Existing theories of the Madden-Julian oscillation neglect the feedback between the modification of sea surface temperature by the convection and development of a convective cluster itself. The authors show that the convection-generated SST gradient plays an important role in cluster propagation and development. The relative importance of radiative and evaporative fluxes in SST regulation is also discussed. Various Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment and Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment observation platforms are used to estimate the effects of equatorial convection on SST changes during March 1993. The data include drifting buoys and TAO-buoy array measurements, combined with the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System analyzed surface wind fields and Geostationary Meteorological Satellite cloud-top temperatures. It is shown that during the equatorial convection episode SST is decreasing under and to the west of the convective heat source due to the large wind velocities and solar flux reduction. To the east of the source, in the convergence region of a Kelvin wave, low wind speeds and high insolation cause the SST to increase. The data are used to formulate an empirical relationship between wind speed and the 24-h SST change on the equator. Although formulated in terms of wind speed, this relationship implicitly includes radiative effects. This equation is then used in a global circulation model to examine the effect of SST feedback on the behavior of equatorial convection. A series of experiments is performed using an R15 general circulation model of the ''aquaplanet'' with a zonally symmetric SST distribution. In the case with fixed SSTs, equatorial wind fluctuations have the character of waves propagating around the globe with a phase speed of about 20 m s(-1). When the effect of SST modification is included, the fluctuations slow down and become more organized. In addition, a 40-60-day peak appears in the spectral analysis of equatorial precipitation. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,CALIF SPACE INST,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA. RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011 NR 31 TC 168 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 19 BP 2373 EP 2386 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2373:TFBECA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XZ864 UT WOS:A1997XZ86400003 ER PT J AU Brandow, SL Chen, MS Wang, T Dulcey, CS Calvert, JM Bohland, JF Calabrese, GS Dressick, WJ AF Brandow, SL Chen, MS Wang, T Dulcey, CS Calvert, JM Bohland, JF Calabrese, GS Dressick, WJ TI Size-controlled colloidal Pd(II) catalysts for electroless Ni deposition in nanolithography applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER FILMS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; DEEP UV PHOTOCHEMISTRY; METAL-DEPOSITION; OHMIC CONTACTS; LITHOGRAPHY; METALLIZATION; SURFACES; PD; FABRICATION AB A new Pd(II) electroless metal deposition catalyst dispersion, PD2, prepared by quenching a PdCl42- solution with HCl and excess NaCl following rapid hydrolysis at pH similar to 7 and similar to 0.8 mM NaCl is described. The precursors to the catalytic Pd(0) species are shown to be chloride-rich Pd(IT) colloidal particles having negative surface charge by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, W-visible spectroscopy, centrifugation, and chemical tests. The particles bind selectively and covalently at ligand-modified surfaces with complete surface coverage occurring for treatment times greater than or equal to 2 min. Atomic force microscopy indicates that the average and maximum sizes of the bound particles are 9 +/- 3 and 18 nm, respectively. A cor respondingly narrow distribution (15 to 33 nm) of Ni particles of average size 21 +/- 5 nm is obtained following metallization of catalyzed surfaces. The ability to control Ni particle morphology using PD2 is successfully exploited in the selective metallization of similar to 15 nm features patterned by scanning tunneling microscopy. Metallization occurs with minimal distortion of feature geometries and no pattern degradation due to Ni overgrowth or bridging of adjacent features. Catalyst behavior is well described by a model in which domination of particle nucleation events and dispersion medium chemistry during colloid formation determine particle surface binding, stability, size, and dispersity. C1 GEOCENTERS INC, FT WASHINGTON, MD 20744 USA. SHIPLEY CO INC, MARLBOROUGH, MA 01752 USA. RP Brandow, SL (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 48 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 144 IS 10 BP 3425 EP 3434 DI 10.1149/1.1838028 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YB720 UT WOS:A1997YB72000024 ER PT J AU Kim, YD Ko, YD Choi, SG Yoo, SD Aspnes, DE Jonker, BT AF Kim, YD Ko, YD Choi, SG Yoo, SD Aspnes, DE Jonker, BT TI Above bandgap dielectric function of epitaxial ZnSe layers SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAAS; GAP; SI; GE AB To obtain reference-quality approximations to the bulk dielectric function of ZnSe from 2.7 to 6.0 eV at room temperature, we optimized the surface abruptness by performing in-situ chemical etching-procedures during an ellipsometric measurement. By comparing our results to spectra recently reported, we find that the chemical-etching procedure used in previous research did not completely remove the overlayers and that the assumptions underlying the mathematical removal of overlayers were not sufficiently accurate. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, RALEIGH, NC 27506 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, YD (reprint author), KYUNG HEE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, SEOUL 130701, SOUTH KOREA. RI Choi, Sukgeun/J-2345-2014 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP L553 EP L555 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YA965 UT WOS:A1997YA96500002 ER PT J AU Tran, P AF Tran, P TI Optical limiting and switching of short pulses by use of a nonlinear photonic bandgap structure with a defect SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAP SOLITONS; WAVE-GUIDES AB An extension of the recently introduced nonlinear finite-difference time-domain technique [Opt. Lett. 21, 1138 (1996)] for the study of electromagnetic wave propagation in a non-linear Kerr medium to include absorption is presented. The optical limiting and switching of short pulses by use of a nonlinear quarter-wave reflector (a one-dimensional photonic bandgap structure) with a defect is studied. Comparison with an optical limiter and with an optical switch with a perfect nonlinear quarter-wave reflector shows that introducing a defect can improve the performance of these devices. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CODE 4B4000D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 14 TC 116 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 10 BP 2589 EP 2595 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.002589 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA YA003 UT WOS:A1997YA00300022 ER PT J AU Oh, CK Oran, ES Sinkovits, RS AF Oh, CK Oran, ES Sinkovits, RS TI Computations of high-speed, high Knudsen number microchannel flows SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; DIRECT SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The effect of varying the Knudsen number Kn in microchannel flows was simulated using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) combined with the monotonic Lagrangian grid (MLG). The DSMC-MLG, a method that provides automatic grid refinement according to number density, has been optimized for massively parallel computation and provides a fast, highly resolved description of the flow. New outflow boundary conditions, consistent with the DSMC-MLG algorithm, were developed to allow the user to specify the outflow pressures. The effect of varying Kn was examined for three different values of Kn (0.07, 0.14, and 0.19) for a high-speed inflow by varying the channel height. A Navier-Stokes computation was also performed to show continuum regime flow. The computations provide contours of pressure, temperature, and Mach number to show complex interactions among oblique shocks and boundary layers, and how these change with the Kn. Temperature jumps and slip velocities as functions of position along the wall are compared for all cases. The computations show that the velocity slip is approximately constant behind the shock, while the temperature jump is reduced. RP Oh, CK (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPUTAT PHYS & FLUID DYNAM LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.2514/2.6289 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA YA622 UT WOS:A1997YA62200002 ER PT J AU Ligrani, PM Ramsey, AE AF Ligrani, PM Ramsey, AE TI Film cooling from a single row of holes oriented in spanwise/normal planes SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND ANGLE ORIENTATIONS; RESULTS DOWNSTREAM AB Experimental results are presented that describe the development and structure of flow downstream of a single row of film-cooling holes inclined at 30 deg from the rest surface in spanwise/normal planes. With this configuration, holes are spaced dd apart in the spanwise direction in a single row. Results are presented for a ratio of injectant density to free-stream density near 1.0, and injection blowing ratios from 0.5 to 1.5. Compared to results measured downstream of simple angle (streamwise) oriented holes, spanwise-averaged adiabatic effectiveness values are significantly higher for the same spanwise hole spacing normalized streamwise location x/d, and blowing ratio m when m = 1.0 and 1.5 for x/d < 80. The injectant from the spanwise/normal holes is also less likely to lift off of the test surface than injectant from simple angle holes. This is because lateral components of momentum keep higher concentrations of injectant in closer proximity to the surface. As a result, local adiabatic effectiveness values show significantly greater spanwise variations and higher local maxima at locations immediately downstream of the holes. Spanwise-averaged iso-energetic Stanton number ratios range between 1.07 and 1.26, which are significantly higher than values measured downstream of two other injection configurations (one of which is simple angle, streamwise holes) when compared at the same x/d and blowing ratio. C1 USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT MECH ENGN, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. RP Ligrani, PM (reprint author), UNIV UTAH, DEPT MECH ENGN, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1997 VL 119 IS 4 BP 770 EP 776 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YD813 UT WOS:A1997YD81300012 ER PT J AU Pope, M Frankel, SS Mascola, JR Trkola, A Isdell, F Birx, DL Burke, DS Ho, DD Moore, JP AF Pope, M Frankel, SS Mascola, JR Trkola, A Isdell, F Birx, DL Burke, DS Ho, DD Moore, JP TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains of subtypes B and E replicate in cutaneous dendritic cell T-cell mixtures without displaying subtype-specific tropism SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS; HIV-1 INFECTION; RHESUS MACAQUES; HUMAN SKIN; IN-VITRO; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; ENVELOPE SUBTYPES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; THAILAND; NEUTRALIZATION AB A report that genetic subtype E human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains display a preferential tropism for Langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic cells [DCs]) compared to genetic subtype B strains suggested a possible explanation for the rapid heterosexual spread of subtype E strains in Thailand (L. E. Soto-Ramirez ct al., Science 271:1291-1293, 1996). In an independent system, we applied subtype E and B isolates to skin leukocytes, since skin is a relevant model for the histologically comparable surfaces of the vagina and ectocervix. Isolates of both HIV-I subtypes infected DC-T-cell mixtures, and no subtype-specific pattern of infection was observed. Purified DCs did not support the replication of strains of either subtype B or E. Our findings do not support the conclusion that subtype E strains have a preferential tropism for DCs, suggesting that other explanations for the rapid heterosexual spread of subtype E strains in Asia should be considered. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV RETROVIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT INFECT & PARASIT DIS PATHOL,DIV AIDS & EMERGING INFECT DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. USN,MED RES INST,DEPT INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20889. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RP Pope, M (reprint author), ROCKEFELLER UNIV,CELLULAR PHYSIOL & IMMUNOL LAB,1230 YORK AVE,BOX 176,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. RI Trkola, Alexandra/K-2115-2012; OI Trkola, Alexandra/0000-0003-1013-876X; /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36082, AI40045, AI40874] NR 71 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 71 IS 10 BP 8001 EP 8007 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA XW142 UT WOS:A1997XW14200109 PM 9311895 ER PT J AU Scott, RD AF Scott, RD TI Getting back to the real United Nations: Global peace norms and creeping interventionism SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID SECURITY C1 USN,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 154 BP 27 EP 52 PG 26 WC Law SC Government & Law GA YB698 UT WOS:A1997YB69800002 ER PT J AU Schwerin, MJ Sack, DM AF Schwerin, MJ Sack, DM TI Shipboard women's health care: Provider perceptions SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEX-DIFFERENCES AB Women have served aboard auxiliary U.S. Navy ships as integrated members of the shipboard work force since 1978, In 1994, women first started serving aboard combatant ships with the inclusion of women in the work force of the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D Eisenhower (CVN 69), The provision of the highest standard of medical care for both men and women is a priority at all levels in the U.S. Navy, This study assesses the perceptions of shipboard health care providers regarding their ability to provide adequate women's health care. This evaluation was performed by conducting a personal interview with the senior health care provider of each of 32 ships on which women are integrated members of the work force. Medical department representatives reported that most ships have training programs for birth control (90.6%), sexually transmitted diseases (96.9%), and the Navy pregnancy policy (84.4%), Health care providers also reported limitations in available supplies (i.e., contraceptives, pregnancy tests, and sexually transmitted disease tests). RP Schwerin, MJ (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 162 IS 10 BP 666 EP 670 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA883 UT WOS:A1997YA88300008 PM 9339078 ER PT J AU Winfield, AC Moore, J Bracker, M Johnson, CW AF Winfield, AC Moore, J Bracker, M Johnson, CW TI Risk factors associated with stress reactions in female marines SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; WOMEN; FRACTURES; TRAINEES AB Women have a higher stress fracture rate than men in military studies, although the exact cause of this is not clear, Hyperpronation has been implicated as a potential risk factor for injury, In this prospective observational study, we measured subtalar joint range of motion in 101 women (ages 20-27 years) enrolled in Marine Corps Officer Candidate School in June 1994. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for injury in female Marine Corps officer candidates, The primary area of interest was the association between the amount of subtalar joint range of motion and stress reactions, Questionnaires were administered that explored previous physical activities, sports participation, and menstrual history, Anthropometric measurements were performed, including subtalar joint range of motion, During the 10 weeks of physical training, 11.5% of the women (N = 12) had stress reactions compared with 7% of the men (N = 10), There was no statistically significant difference in the means of subtalar joint range of motion in the stress reaction group compared with the non-stress reaction group. Differences in stress reaction rate across quartiles of subtalar joint range of motion were not significant, Those women who ran fewer miles (2.8 miles per session) before training had a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.04). Younger individuals (<23 years) had a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.01), Women with fewer menstrual periods (<10 per year) had a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.02). A narrow pelvis (less than or equal to 26 cm) was associated with a higher rate of stress reactions (p < 0.09). We conclude that an increased subtalar joint range of motion is not a risk factor for stress reactions in women, However, further studies with a larger study population should be performed to confirm these findings. RP Winfield, AC (reprint author), NAVAL HOSP,DEPT SPORTS MED,CAMP PENDLETON,CA 92055, USA. NR 13 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 162 IS 10 BP 698 EP 702 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA883 UT WOS:A1997YA88300017 PM 9339087 ER PT J AU Farley, J Loup, D Nelson, M Mitchell, A Esplund, G Macri, C Harrison, C Gray, K AF Farley, J Loup, D Nelson, M Mitchell, A Esplund, G Macri, C Harrison, C Gray, K TI Neoplastic transformation of the endocervix associated with downregulation of lactoferrin expression SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE adenocarcinoma in situ; lactoferrin; steroid hormone receptors; p53; apoptosis ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNA; STEROID-HORMONE RECEPTORS; RAS GENE-MUTATIONS; UTERINE CERVIX; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; BREAST-CANCER; ADENOCARCINOMA; P53; PROLIFERATION; CARCINOMA AB The incidence of cervical adenocarcinomas in young women over the last two decades has increased. Even with increasing knowledge of the role of human papillomavirus in the etiology of adenocarcinoma of the cervix, there is a paucity of data concerning the genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to the histologic features and biologic behaviors of these tumors. Lactoferrin is a basic glycoprotein found in human milk, secondary granules of neutrophils, and many body secretions, and it has been associated with carcinogenesis of the endometrium, breast, and lymphoid systems. In this study, we examined the expression of lactoferrin in normal human endocervical epithelium and in cervical adenocarcinomas in relation to proliferative index, steroid receptor status, p53 protein expression, and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical and in situ studies demonstrated that lactoferrin protein and mRNA were strikingly downregulated upon neoplastic transformation of the endocervix as early as in adenocarcinoma in situ when compared with the prominent expression exhibited by the normal cervical epithelium. Furthermore, neoplastic transformation of endocervical epithelial cells was accompanied by a pronounced stimulation of proliferation and a substantial reduction in the expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and p53 but little or no change in the number of apoptotic cells. In conclusion, we identified lactoferrin as a novel cancer-specific marker of endocervical adenocarcinomas that may be useful in the early detection of the disease, prediction of prognosis, and the development of new therapeutic modalities. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USN,NATL MED CTR,BETHESDA,MD 20084. RP Farley, J (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT GYNECOL ONCOL & GYNECOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 240 EP 250 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199710)20:2<240::AID-MC11>3.0.CO;2-A PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA YE254 UT WOS:A1997YE25400011 PM 9364214 ER PT J AU Simpson, J Ritchie, E Holland, GJ Halverson, J Stewart, S AF Simpson, J Ritchie, E Holland, GJ Halverson, J Stewart, S TI Mesoscale interactions in tropical cyclone genesis SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WARM-CORE VORTEX; SCALE VORTICES; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; REGION AB With the multitude of cloud clusters over tropical oceans, it has been perplexing that so few develop into tropical cyclones. The authors postulate that a major obstacle has been the complexity of scale interactions, particularly those on the mesoscale, which have only recently been observable. While there are well-known climatological requirements, these are by no means sufficient. A major reason for this rarity is the essentially stochastic nature of the mesoscale interactions that precede and contribute to cyclone development. Observations exist for only a few forming cases. In these, the moist convection in the preformation environment is organized into mesoscale convective systems, each of which have associated mesoscale potential vortices in the midlevels. Interactions between these systems may lead to merger, growth to the surface, and development of both the nascent eye and inner rainbands of a tropical cyclone. The process is essentially stochastic, but the degree of stochasticity can be reduced by the continued interaction of the mesoscale systems or by environmental influences. For example a monsoon trough provides a region of reduced deformation radius, which substantially improves the efficiency of mesoscale vortex interactions and the amplitude of the merged vortices. Further, a strong monsoon trough provides a vertical wind shear that enables long-lived midlevel mesoscale vortices that are able to maintain, or even redevelop, the associated convective system. The authors develop this hypothesis by use of a detailed case study of the formation of Tropical Cyclone Oliver observed during TOGA COARE (1993). In this case, two dominant mesoscale vortices interacted with a monsoon trough to separately produce a nascent eye and a major rainband. The eye developed on the edge of the major convective system, and the associated atmospheric warming was provided almost entirely by moist processes in the upper atmosphere, and by a combination of latent heating and adiabatic subsidence in the lower and middle atmosphere. The importance of mesoscale interactions is illustrated further by brief reference to the development of two typhoons in the western North Pacific. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MONTEREY,CA 93943. BUR METEOROL RES CTR,MELBOURNE,FL. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NEXRAD OSF OTB,NORMAN,OK. RP Simpson, J (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EARTH SCI DIRECTORATE,CODE 912,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 NR 40 TC 144 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 125 IS 10 BP 2643 EP 2661 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2643:MIITCG>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XZ561 UT WOS:A1997XZ56100015 ER PT J AU Monaldo, FM Sikora, TD Babin, SM Sterner, RE AF Monaldo, FM Sikora, TD Babin, SM Sterner, RE TI Satellite imagery of sea surface temperature cooling in the wake of Hurricane Edouard (1996) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; BOUNDARY-LAYER C1 USN ACAD,DEPT OCEANOG,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP Monaldo, FM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,JOHNS HOPKINS RD,LAUREL,MD 20723, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 125 IS 10 BP 2716 EP 2721 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2716:SIOSST>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XZ561 UT WOS:A1997XZ56100020 ER PT J AU Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA AF Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA TI Testing or fault-finding for reliability growth: A missile destructive-test example SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE reliability growth; Bayesian sequential analysis; Poisson process; destructive testing; how much testing is enough; operational testing ID MODELS AB A new piece of equipment has been purchased in a lot of size m. Some of the items can be used in destructive testing before the item is put into use. Testing uncovers faults which can be removed from the remaining pieces of equipment in the lot. If t < m pieces of equipment are tested, then those that remain, m(t) = m - t, have reduced fault incidence and are more reliable than initially, but m(t) may be too small to be useful, or than is desirable. In this paper models are studied to address this question: given the lot size m, how to optimize by choice of t the effectiveness of the pieces of equipment remaining after the test. The models used are simplistic and illustrative; they can be straightforwardly improved. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Gaver, DP (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OPERAT RES,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 44 IS 7 BP 623 EP 637 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199710)44:7<623::AID-NAV2>3.0.CO;2-E PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA XY116 UT WOS:A1997XY11600002 ER PT J AU Bleiberg, J Garmoe, WS Halpern, EL Reeves, DL Nadler, JD AF Bleiberg, J Garmoe, WS Halpern, EL Reeves, DL Nadler, JD TI Consistency of within-day and across-day performance after mild brain injury SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mild TBI; variability; ANAM; sustained performance ID REACTION-TIME; HEAD-INJURY AB The objective of this study was to determine whether inconsistent and erratic within-day and across-day performance is a symptom of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to determine whether impaired consistency of performance can coexist, in the same patient, with intact or ''normal'' performance on single administrations of neuropsychological and other cognitive tests. The design was a matched-pair study in which a computerized cognitive test battery was administered 30 times over 4 days to all subjects. Performance patterns between TBI and control subjects were compared. Subjects also received traditional neuropsychological testing. The setting was a rehabilitation hospital outpatient department. The subjects were 12 adult volunteers, six with documented TBI and six with no history of TBI, neurologic illness, or injury. Control subjects showed consistent improvement of performance over days 1 to 4, whereas subjects with TBI showed erratic and inconsistent performance across days. In addition to inconsistent performance, some subjects with TBI showed worsening performance across days. The main outcome measures were performance on the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery and performance on traditional neuropsychological tests. Some patients with TBI in the study who have normal initial performance on traditional clinical neuropsychological tests and newly developed computerized cognitive tests show abnormalities of sustained performance. Such abnormalities are most apparent when performance is observed over multiple days, and are characterized by erratic and inconsistent across-day performance. Inconsistent performance was observed even in those subjects with TBI whose initial performance was equal to or better than that of the control subjects. Deficits in dynamic performance may explain why some patients with TBI who have excellent neuropsychological test performance nonetheless complain of functional decrement from premorbid ability. C1 MEDLANT RES INST,WASHINGTON,DC. USN,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. FLORIDA HOSP MED CTR,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP Bleiberg, J (reprint author), NATL REHABIL HOSP,PSYCHOL SERV,MEDLANT RES INST,102 IRVING ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20010, USA. NR 24 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0894-878X J9 NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE JI Neuropsychiatr. Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA YD472 UT WOS:A1997YD47200005 PM 9359122 ER PT J AU Tong, W Ball, RM Stoudt, R AF Tong, W Ball, RM Stoudt, R TI Cooling analysis of a medical isotope production reactor: Single-phase natural convection SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WATER AB A cooling analysis of a Medical Isotope Production Reactor (MIPR) has been performed using a finite element model. The aim of the present work is to determine the power level at which cooling can be attained by natural convection without boiling. Since the liquid fuel is being uniformly heated and the vessel wall serves as a heat sink, there is no heterogeneous boiling occurring at the vessel surfaces. The numerical results suggest that homogeneous boiling occurs approximately at Q = 16 kW. The thermal resistance analysis reveals that the convective resistance in the fuel region is dominant during the cooling process. C1 USN,NUCL FUEL DIV,BABCOCK & WILCOX,LYNCHBURG,VA 24505. BABCOCK & WILCOX CO,NUCL ENVIRONM SERV INC,LYNCHBURG,VA 24505. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1040-7782 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 503 EP 515 DI 10.1080/10407789708913903 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA YE120 UT WOS:A1997YE12000004 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, SK Kriebel, D AF Chakrabarti, SK Kriebel, D TI Wave kinematics for simulated shallow water storm waves - Analysis and experiments SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Computation of wave kinematics at or near offshore structures is a vitally important consideration in the design of offshore structures, Design waves often include breaking and near-breaking storm waves in the presence of currents, It is important to predict the kinematics of these steep waves. Experiments were carried out in a wave tank with simulated steep waves with and without in-line current in which the wave profiles and the corresponding kinematics were simultaneously measured. The simulated waves represent shallow-water Gulf of Mexico storm waves. Many of these waves broke at or near the measuring instruments. Irregular stream-function theory was used to compute the wave kinematics and was found to generally predict the measured wave-current kinematics well. The differences found between the two are noted. Some of the noteworthy features of the breaking waves are also discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN ACAD, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21402 USA. RP Chakrabarti, SK (reprint author), CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON CO, PLAINFIELD, IL 60544 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 24 IS 9 BP 835 EP 865 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(96)00040-6 PG 31 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XJ261 UT WOS:A1997XJ26100003 ER PT J AU Tellado, MV McLean, IW Specht, CS Varga, J AF Tellado, MV McLean, IW Specht, CS Varga, J TI Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland in childhood and adolescence SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objective: To see if there is a correlation between histologic features of these tumors and final outcome. Design: A small series of cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland in patients 18 years of age or younger were evaluated. Participants: A total of 11 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland in patients 18 years of age or younger found in the registry of Ophthalmic Pathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were studied. Intervention: Histologic material obtained by excision of lacrimal gland tumors was evaluated for different morphologic parameters. Clinical follow-up information was reviewed. Main Outcome Measures: All cases were evaluated for proportion of a basaloid histologic pattern: necrosis, hemorrhage, mitotic count, and perineural, vascular, intraosseous, leptomeningeal, and optic nerve invasion. These parameters were examined for an association with the clinical follow-up that was obtained for eight of the patients (mean follow-up, 10 years; range, 2-14 years). Results: Most of the patients were female (M:F = 2:9). Mean age was 14 years (range, 6.5-18 years). Of the patients with follow-up, 5 (62.5%) of 8 survived. Estimated survival rate at 15 years was 58% (Kaplan-Meier analysis). Survivors had 25% or less basaloid histology. Necrosis, hemorrhage, perineural invasion, and mitotic count were less prominent in survivors than in those who died of disease. Vascular invasion was seen only in fatal cases. Conclusions: Young patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas have a better prognosis than do adult patients, which may be due to their tumors having less aggressive histologic features. C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT ENVIRONM PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. NAVAL HOSP,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,CHARLESTON,SC. RP Tellado, MV (reprint author), USAF,ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT OPHTHALM PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306, USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 104 IS 10 BP 1622 EP 1625 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA XZ283 UT WOS:A1997XZ28300033 PM 9331201 ER PT J AU Provenzano, V Holtz, RL AF Provenzano, V Holtz, RL TI Nanostructured metals produced by physical vapour deposition for structural and gas-reactive applications SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Metastable Phases: Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials, Theoretical Aspects, Industrial and Technological Transfer CY APR 09-11, 1996 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Italian Natl Inst Phys Matter, Inst Adv Mat, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, ASM Int, RoloBanca 1473 SpA ID NANOCRYSTALLINE AB This paper highlights some of the research being conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory on nanostructured materials synthesized by the inert-gas condensation method. This research effort was initially concentrated on the development of metal-based nanocomposites for high-temperature structural applications. The nanocomposite approach, used in this initial phase, was based on a strengthening concept that involved the use of nearly immiscible constituents: a ductile matrix and a particulate reinforcing phase. Following this approach, we produced copper-niobium, silver-nickel and copper-aluminium nanocomposites. The experimental results obtained on these nanocomposite systems were mixed. They did display some degree of strength enhancement and high-temperature strength retention. However, the results clearly pointed out certain processing challenges associated with the issues of oxide contamination and consolidation of nanostructured metals and alloys by conventional processing. In the course of this research, the recognition of the highly reactive nature of nanocrystalline metals, owing to their high specific surface areas, led us to consider the potential of nanostructured metals and alloys for gas-reactive applications. Accordingly, we have conducted initial studies on nanocrystalline palladium for hydrogen-sensing applications. The paper concludes by reconsidering the question of nanocomposites for structural applications within the context of some interesting and promising results of Valiev and of Inoue and Kimura who have produced metallic nanocomposites through two different routes that are both based on well established metallurgical practices. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744. RP Provenzano, V (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,PHYS MET BRANCH,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,CODE 6320,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 4 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1080/01418639708241125 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA XY665 UT WOS:A1997XY66500023 ER PT J AU Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF AF Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF TI Wavelet transformation of protein hydrophobicity sequences suggests their memberships in structural families SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The amino acids of representative proteins were transformed into sequences of hydrophobic free energies per residue, the values derived from equilibrium partitions between aqueous and hydrocarbon phases of a binary solvent. The distributions of the amplitudes of the sequential fluctuations in hydrophobic free energy were then examined with respect to location and scale using Morlet wavelet transformations. Graphs of the wavelet coefficients' imaginary parts discriminated among proteins whose tertiary structures are dominated by helices, sheets or their combination, using protein X-ray structures and X-ray fractal dimensions as reference criteria. C1 EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT MATH, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA. OFF NAVAL RES, DIV PHYS SCI, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. NR 20 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 EI 1873-2119 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 244 IS 1-4 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00294-X PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YA357 UT WOS:A1997YA35700021 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI Why quantum mechanics cannot be formulated as a Markov process - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Letter AB It is argued that the stochastic model of a quantum-mechanical two-state oscillator discussed in the preceding Comment by Hardy et al. [Phys. Rev. A 56, 3301 (1997)] does not constitute a valid classical stochastic process. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,COMPUTAT SCI BRANCH 4B4000D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 3304 EP 3306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3304 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YA780 UT WOS:A1997YA78000109 ER PT J AU Patton, DC Pederson, MR AF Patton, DC Pederson, MR TI Application of the generalized-gradient approximation to rare-gas dimers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL EXCHANGE-ENERGY; DENSITY; ACCURATE; FORCES; ATOMS; REPRESENTATION; SIMULATIONS; MOLECULES; BEHAVIOR AB By performing numerically precise calculations on the He-2, Ne-2, Ar-2, Kr-2, HeNe, HeAr, HeKr, NeAr, NeKr, and ArKr diatomic molecules we have determined the capacity of three popular approximations to density-functional theory to accurately describe bonding in these rare-gas systems. The local-density approximation, the Perdew-Wang 1991 generalized-gradient approximation, and the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized-gradient approximation are utilized in the calculation of equilibrium bond lengths, atomization energies, and anharmonic and harmonic vibrational frequencies. We also use the density-functional-based determination of atomic polarizabilities and ionization potentials to obtain the coefficients for the long-range (1/r(6)) attraction. Our calculations suggest that the interaction from the overlap of atomic densities is the primary binding mechanism in these systems at short range but that the long-range 1/r(6) attraction could also contribute to the total binding energy. RP USN, RES LAB, COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP R2495 EP R2498 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YA780 UT WOS:A1997YA78000003 ER PT J AU Adrian, SD Wolf, SA Dolgov, O Shulga, S Kresin, VZ AF Adrian, SD Wolf, SA Dolgov, O Shulga, S Kresin, VZ TI Density of states and the energy gap in superconducting cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION DEPTH; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CONVENTIONAL MULTILAYERS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; 2-GAP STRUCTURE; POINT-CONTACT; TL2BA2CUO6+DELTA; HGBA2CUO4+DELTA; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA AB The superconducting density of states for the cuprates, particularly for the Y-Ba-Cu-O compound, has been evaluated, add its dependence on temperature and the oxygen content has been analyzed. The analysis is based on the two-gap model. Moreover, the magnetic scattering and corresponding pair-breaking effect, correlated with the oxygen depletion, is taken into account as a key factor. The temperature dependencies of the energy gaps are calculated. Intensive magnetic scattering leads to gaplessness. The calculation allows us to describe various experimental data. C1 PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST,MOSCOW 117924,RUSSIA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SPECT,TROITSK 142092,RUSSIA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Adrian, SD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 13 BP 7878 EP 7881 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.7878 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD866 UT WOS:A1997YD86600034 ER PT J AU Kneedler, EM Jonker, BT Thibado, PM Wagner, RJ Shanabrook, BV Whitman, LJ AF Kneedler, EM Jonker, BT Thibado, PM Wagner, RJ Shanabrook, BV Whitman, LJ TI Influence of substrate surface reconstruction on the growth and magnetic properties of Fe on GaAs(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; FILMS; EVOLUTION; GAAS AB We have studied the magnetic and structural properties of epitaxial bcc Fe(001) films grown at 175 degrees C on molecular-beam epitaxy-prepared GaAs(001)-2X4 and -c(4X4) reconstructed surfaces, with film thicknesses ranging up to similar to 30 ML (similar to 43 Angstrom). We present measurements of the thickness-dependent evolution of the magnetic properties of the Fe films as determined by in situ magneto-optic Kerr effect. We find that the magnetic properties and growth mode are similar for both 2X4 and c(4x4) reconstructions, although the initial adsorption sites and island nucleation as measured by scanning tunnelling microscopy are clearly dominated by the substrate surface reconstruction. The onset of room-temperature ferromagnetism occurs at 6 ML for growth on both GaAs surface reconstructions. At this coverage, the measured Curie temperature (similar to 100 degrees C) is significantly reduced from that of bulk alpha-Fe (770 degrees C). The anisotropy is dominated by a uniaxial component such that the two [110] axes are inequivalent for all coverages studied. Shape anisotropy does not appear to play a significant role. RP Kneedler, EM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 17 TC 171 Z9 172 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 13 BP 8163 EP 8168 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.8163 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD866 UT WOS:A1997YD86600072 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, YN Ivlev, BI Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Fogle, WE Colwell, JH AF Ovchinnikov, YN Ivlev, BI Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Fogle, WE Colwell, JH TI Temperature and magnetic field dependence of the induced magnetization in macroscopic samples due to the proximity effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CLAD NB; SILVER AB We have applied the Ginzburg-Landau equations to calculate the behavior of the diamagnetism of macroscopic samples consisting of a normal metal in contact with a superconductor. In particular, the calculation focuses on the temperature region above the superconductive transition temperature T-cN Of the normal metal. We have compared these calculations with experimental measurements of the temperature (0.006-1 K) and magnetic field (10(-9)-10(-6) T) dependence of the diamgetism for several samples of Be (T(cN)similar to 23 mK) and W (T(cN)similar to 15.5 mK) in contact with the superconductor Al (T-cS= 1.18 K). The agreement between the predictions and measurements is quite good and confirms the approach of using the Ginzburg-Landau model to calculate the proximity effect in macroscopic normal systems above their superconductive transitions. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, YN (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, LD LANDAU THEORET PHYS INST, KOSYGIN 2, MOSCOW 11733V, RUSSIA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 14 BP 9038 EP 9051 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.9038 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YC731 UT WOS:A1997YC73100075 ER PT J AU Christini, DJ In, V Spano, ML Ditto, WL Collins, JJ AF Christini, DJ In, V Spano, ML Ditto, WL Collins, JJ TI Real-time experimental control of a system in its chaotic and nonchaotic regimes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID UNSTABLE PERIODIC-ORBITS; BELOUSOV-ZHABOTINSKY REACTION; DIMENSIONAL CHAOS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; DIODE RESONATOR; TRACKING; LASER AB Current model-independent control techniques are limited, from a practical standpoint, by their dependence on a precontrol, learning stage. Here we use a real-time, adaptive, model-independent (RTAMI) feedback control technique to control an experimental system - a driven magnetoelastic ribbon - in its nonchaotic and chaotic regimes. We show that the RTAMI technique is capable df tracking and stabilizing higher-order unstable periodic orbits. These results demonstrate that the RTAMI technique is practical for on-the-fly (i.e., no learning stage) control of real-world dynamical systems. C1 USN,WARFARE CTR,CARDEROCK DIV,BETHESDA,MD 20817. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PHYS,APPL CHAOS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP Christini, DJ (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT BIOMED ENGN,44 CUMMINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP R3749 EP R3752 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YC322 UT WOS:A1997YC32200003 ER PT J AU Aronen, JG AF Aronen, JG TI Team up for thigh stretches - Exercises for flexibility or recovery SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 10 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA XY578 UT WOS:A1997XY57800017 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS AF Uhm, HS TI Propagation properties of a relativistic electron beam with premodulated energy and current SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT NONLINEAR-THEORY; PLASMA; ACCELERATORS AB This paper considers an electron beam whose energy and current are simultaneously premodulated at the injection point of a drift tube. A theoretical model is developed for the subsequent current and energy modulations which propagate downstream. A closed integrodifferential equation for the normalized beam current is obtained in terms of time and propagation distance. To make the nonlinear current modulation analytically tractable, a small signal theory is introduced into the modulation calculation. The current modulation in the linear regime is a linear combination of the forward and backward waves of the initial current and energy modulations. It is shown that the initial energy modulation is a very effective means for downstream current modulation. The downstream energy modulation is also expressed by a linear combination of the forward and backward waves of the initial current and energy modulations. In general, the maximum current modulation occurs at the propagation distance where the energy modulation is minimum. Properties of the current and energy modulations are numerically investigated from the integrodifferential equation for a broad range of system parameters. Numerical data even for a large initial current and energy modulations agree reasonably well with analytical results predicted by the linear theory. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), USN,CARDEROCK DIV,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1997 VL 4 IS 10 BP 3684 EP 3691 DI 10.1063/1.872240 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YA576 UT WOS:A1997YA57600026 ER PT J AU Clark, RW Davis, J Velikovich, AL Whitney, KG AF Clark, RW Davis, J Velikovich, AL Whitney, KG TI X-ray lasing in colliding plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER; TRANSPORT AB Conditions favorable for the achievement of population inversion and large gains in short-pulse laser-heated selenium have been reported on previously [K. G. Whitney et al., Phys. Rev. E 50, 468 (1994)]. However, the required density profiles to minimize refraction and amplification losses can be difficult to achieve in conventional laser heated blowoff plasmas. The feasibility of accelerating plasma with a laser, and letting it collide with a solid density wall plasma has been explored. The density of the resulting shocked plasma can be controlled and refraction can be reduced in this design. A radiation hydrodynamics model is used to simulate the collision of the laser produced selenium plasma with the wall plasma. The heating of the stagnated plasma with a short-pulse laser is then simulated, providing the hydrodynamic response of the selenium plasma and detailed configuration nonequilibrium atomic populations. From the results of these calculations, it appears feasible to create an x-ray lasing selenium plasma with gains in the J = 0 - 1 line at 182 Angstrom in excess of 100 cm(-1). RP Clark, RW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,RADIAT HYDRODYNAM BRANCH,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1997 VL 4 IS 10 BP 3718 EP 3724 DI 10.1063/1.872559 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YA576 UT WOS:A1997YA57600031 ER PT J AU Lowrey, AH Famini, GR Loumbev, V Wilson, LY Tosk, JM AF Lowrey, AH Famini, GR Loumbev, V Wilson, LY Tosk, JM TI Modeling drug-melanin interaction with theoretical linear solvation energy relationships SO PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neuromelanin; molecular modeling; neurotoxicology; movement disorders; Parkinson's disease; pharmacology ID DESCRIPTORS; BINDING; MECHANISM; ACIDITY; PHASE AB The affinity of drugs and other xenobiotic agents for melanin is a well-known phenomenon, often occurring with serious physiological consequences. For example, the interaction of anti-psychotic drugs with neuromelanin may play a pivotal role in the induction of extrapyramidal movement disorders associated with the chronic administration of phenothiazine and other neuroleptic agents. Little, however, is known about the complete nature of melanin-drug binding and the impact of these interactions on the physico-chemical properties of melanin. Data, such as binding affinities, can be analyzed using recently developed computational methods that combine mathematical models of chemical structure with statistical analysis. In particular, theoretical linear solvation energy relationships provide a convenient model for understanding and predicting biological, chemical, and physical properties. By using this modeling technique, drug-melanin binding of a set of 16 compounds has been analyzed with correlation analysis and a set of theoretical molecular parameters in order to better understand and characterize drug-melanin interactions. The resulting correlation equation supports a charge transfer model for drug-melanin complex formation and can also be used to estimate binding constants for related compounds. C1 LA SIERRA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92515. LA SIERRA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RIVERSIDE,CA 92515. USN,RES LAB,LAB STRUCT & MATTER,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,SCBRD RT,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0893-5785 J9 PIGM CELL RES JI Pigm. Cell. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 5 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1997.tb00684.x PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Dermatology SC Cell Biology; Dermatology GA XY316 UT WOS:A1997XY31600001 PM 9359620 ER PT J AU Prange, R Engle, I Dunlop, M Maurice, S Rego, D AF Prange, R Engle, I Dunlop, M Maurice, S Rego, D TI Magnetic mapping of auroral signatures of comet SL9 in the Jovian magnetosphere SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on SL9-Jupiter Collision CY JUL 03-05, 1996 CL MEUDON, FRANCE SP CNRS, INSU, Programme Natl Planetol Observ Paris, CNES ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; JUPITER; SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9 AB The electrodynamic interaction of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) with the Jovian magnetosphere gave rise to the detection of several unique phenomena in the UV, X-ray and radio wavelength ranges. Among them, the detection of an unusual FUV I bright spot in Hubble Space Telescope images of the southern polar cap on July 20, just before P2 collision, may be attributed to auroral-like processes triggered I by the charged environment of the comet fragments. We model here in detail the time-varying morphology of the instantaneous magnetic field lines passing through the comet fragments during their crossing of the magnetosphere, with special focus on the location of the magnetic footprint and the nature of the field line. We show that the FUV bright spot, not corotating with the planet, is likely to be related with a fragment still in the magnetosphere, and that fragment Q is the most presumable source of the interaction, as its footprint can easily be resolved from fragment P2's, and also although less easily, from the more distant fragment R to W's ones. We show also that Q, as well as the other fragments, was on an open magnetic field line at the time of the observations, in agreement with the absence of observable conjugate emission in the north. But, the deformation of the magnetic field line passing through Q during the following few hours is such that it presumably became closed to the northern hemisphere during two separate periods between the observations under study and fragment Q's collision. A series of X-ray bursts detected in the north precisely during the first of these periods could be related to the same process and strengthen our identification. A second FUV set of data was taken during the same period of closed field lines, but due to an unfavourable viewing geometry, the identification of observed bright spots I-with fragment Q footprint is more ambiguous. Finally, we estimate crudely the energy of the particles precipitating in the FUV spot, and discuss briefly possible plasma processes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BZ, England. European Space Agcy, Estec, SSD, SO, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Prange, R (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Bat 121, F-91405 Orsay, France. RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1315 EP + DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(97)00109-8 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YT242 UT WOS:000071580100015 ER PT J AU Pratt, DR Pratt, SM Barham, PT Barker, RE Waldrop, MS Ehlert, JF Chrislip, CA AF Pratt, DR Pratt, SM Barham, PT Barker, RE Waldrop, MS Ehlert, JF Chrislip, CA TI Humans in large-scale, networked virtual environments SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article AB This paper examines the representation of humans in large-scale, networked virtual environments. Previous work done in this field is summarized, and existing problems with rendering, articulating and networking numerous human figures in real time are explained. We have developed a system that integrates together some well-known solutions along with new ideas. Models with multiple level of details, body-tracking technology and animation libraries to specify joint angles, efficient group representations to describe multiple humans, and hierarchical network protocols have been successfully employed to increase the number of humans represented, system performance, and user interactivity The resulting system immerses participants effectively and has numerous useful applications. RP USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT COMP SCI, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1054-7460 EI 1531-3263 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 5 BP 547 EP 564 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA YA677 UT WOS:A1997YA67700003 ER PT J AU Auyeung, RCY Horwitz, JS Knauss, LA Chrisey, DB AF Auyeung, RCY Horwitz, JS Knauss, LA Chrisey, DB TI In situ pulsed laser deposition of large-area ceramic and multilayer films for applications in industry SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DENSITY; SYSTEM AB High-quality superconducting films have been deposited onto 2 in, diameter substrates in a large-area pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system incorporating a novel pseudoblackbody radiation heater. A KrF laser (lambda = 248 nm) was rastered across the radius of a rotating target and a slot in the blackbody heater collected the ablation plume onto a rotating substrate holder, critical temperatures of > 90 K with critical current densities of 2-4 MA/cm(2) were measured across a 2 in. diam YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) film deposited on an LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate, Metal atom concentrations were measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry to be nearly stoichiometric and the film thickness uniformity was +/-7% about the mean. Purely c-axis orientation was observed in the x-ray diffraction patterns, A multilayer LAO/YBCO film was deposited in situ on an MgO substrate using a large-area target load-lock chamber and exhibited good crystalline quality. YBCO films deposited onto both sides of a 1 in. square by 0.010-in.-thick MgO substrate were patterned and fabricated into a four-channel microwave receiver operating near 10 GHz. The receiver exhibited low loss and good frequency selectivity at 77 K. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 68 IS 10 BP 3872 EP 3876 DI 10.1063/1.1148040 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YB160 UT WOS:A1997YB16000038 ER PT J AU Booth, V Carr, TW Erneux, T AF Booth, V Carr, TW Erneux, T TI Near-threshold bursting is delayed by a slow passage near a limit point SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE bursting; delay; slow passage ID DEPENDENT BIFURCATION PARAMETER; JUMP TRANSITION; ACID REACTION; OSCILLATIONS; MODEL; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB In a general model for square-wave bursting oscillations, we examine the fast transition between the slowly varying quiescent and active phases. In this type of bursting, the transition occurs at a saddle-node (SN) bifurcation point of the fast-variable subsystem when the slow variable is taken to be the bifurcation parameter. A critical case occurs when the SN bifurcation point is also a steady solution of the full bursting system. In this case near the bursting threshold, the transition suffers a large delay. We propose a first investigation of this critical case that has been noted accidentally but never explored. We present an asymptotic analysis local to the SN point of the fast subsystem and quantitatively describe the slow passage near the SN point underlying the transition delay. Our analysis reveals that bursting solutions showing the longest delays and, correspondingly, the bursting threshold appear near but not exactly at the SN point, as is commonly assumed. C1 NIDDKD,MATH RES BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USN,RES LAB,SPECIAL PROJECT NONLINEAR SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1420 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA XZ056 UT WOS:A1997XZ05600010 ER PT J AU DeForest, CE Hoeksema, JT Gurman, JB Thompson, BJ Plunkett, SP Howard, R Harrison, RC Hassler, DM AF DeForest, CE Hoeksema, JT Gurman, JB Thompson, BJ Plunkett, SP Howard, R Harrison, RC Hassler, DM TI Polar plume anatomy: Results of a coordinated observation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR; TELESCOPE; CORONAGRAPH AB On 7 and 8 March 1996, the SOHO spacecraft and several other space- and ground-based observatories cooperated in the most comprehensive observation to date of solar polar plumes. Based on simultaneous data from five instruments, we describe the morphology of the plumes observed over the south pole of the Sun during the SOHO observing campaign. Individual plumes have been characterized from the photosphere to approximately 15 R. yielding a coherent portrait of the features for more quantitative future studies. The observed plumes arise from small (similar to 2-5 arc sec diameter) quiescent, unipolar magnetic flux concentrations, on chromospheric network cell boundaries. They are denser and cooler than the surrounding coronal hole through which they extend, and are seen clearly in both Fe IX and Fe XII emission lines, indicating an ionization temperature between 1.0-1.5 x 10(6) K. The plumes initially expand rapidly with altitude, to a diameter of 20-30 Mm about 30 Mm off the surface. Above 1.2 R., plumes are observed in white light (as 'coronal rays') and extend to above 12 R.. They grow superradially throughout their observed height, increasing their subtended solid angle (relative to disk center) by a factor of similar to 10 between 1.05 R. and 4-5 R., and by a total factor of 20-40 between 1.05 R. and 12 R.. On spatial scales larger than 10 arc sec, plume structure in the lower corona (R < 1.3 R.) is observed to be steady-state for periods of at least 24 hours; however, on spatial scales smaller than 10 arc sec, plume XUV intensities vary by 10-20% (after background subtraction) on a time scale of a few minutes. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, WH Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Appl Res Corp, Landover, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP DeForest, CE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, WH Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 27 TC 165 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 393 EP 410 DI 10.1023/A:1004955223306 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300011 ER PT J AU Moses, D Clette, F Delaboudiniere, JP Artzner, GE Bougnet, M Brunaud, J Carabetian, C Gabriel, AH Hochedez, JF Millier, F Song, XY Au, B Dere, KP Howard, RA Kreplin, R Michels, DJ Defise, JM Jamar, C Rochus, P Chauvineau, JP Marioge, JP Catura, RC Lemen, JR Shing, L Stern, RA Gurman, JB Neupert, WM Newmark, J Thompson, B Maucherat, A Portier-Fozzani, F Berghmans, D Cugnon, P Van Dessel, EL Gabryl, JR AF Moses, D Clette, F Delaboudiniere, JP Artzner, GE Bougnet, M Brunaud, J Carabetian, C Gabriel, AH Hochedez, JF Millier, F Song, XY Au, B Dere, KP Howard, RA Kreplin, R Michels, DJ Defise, JM Jamar, C Rochus, P Chauvineau, JP Marioge, JP Catura, RC Lemen, JR Shing, L Stern, RA Gurman, JB Neupert, WM Newmark, J Thompson, B Maucherat, A Portier-Fozzani, F Berghmans, D Cugnon, P Van Dessel, EL Gabryl, JR TI EIT observation of the Extreme Ultraviolet Sun SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; TRANSITION REGION; YOHKOH; ATMOSPHERE; CORONA; LOOPS; JETS AB The Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the SOHO spacecraft has been operational since 2 January 1996, EIT observes the Sun over a 45 x 45 are min field of view in four emission line groups: FeIX, X, FeXII, FeXV, and HeII. A post launch determination of the instrument flatfield, the instrument scattering function, and the instrument aging were necessary for the reduction and analysis of the data. The observed structures and their evolution in each of the four EUV bandpasses are characteristic of the peak emission temperature of the line(s) chosen for that bandpass. Reports on the initial results of a variety of analysis projects demonstrate the range of investigations now underway: EIT provides new observations of the corona in the temperature range of 1 to 2 MK. Temperature studies of the large-scale coronal features extend previous coronagraph work with low-noise temperature maps. Temperatures of radial, extended, plume-like structures in both the polar coronal hole and in a low latitude decaying active region were found to be cooler than the surrounding material, Active region loops were investigated in detail and found to be isothermal for the low loops but hottest at the loop tops for the large loops. Variability of solar EUV structures, as observed the EIT time sequences, is pervasive and leads to a re-evaluation of the meaning of the term 'quiet Sun'. Intensity fluctuations in a high cadence sequence of coronal and chromospheric images correspond to a Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum. This can be interpreted in terms of a mixed stochastic or periodic driving of the transition region and the base of the corona. No signature of the photospheric and chromospheric waves is found in spatially averaged power spectra, indicating that these waves do not propagate to the upper atmosphere or are channeled through narrow local magnetic structures covering a small fraction of the solar surface. Polar coronal hole observing campaigns have identified an outflow process with the discovery of transient FeXII jets. Coronal mass ejection observing campaigns have identified the beginning of a CME in an FeXII sequence with a near simultaneous filament eruption (seen in absorption), formation of a coronal void and the initiation of a bright outward moving shell as well as the coronal manifestation of a 'Moreton wave'. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ctr Spatial Liege, B-4031 Liege, Belgium. Inst Opt Theor & Appl, F-91403 Orsay, France. Lockheed Palo Alto Res Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13012 Marseille, France. RP Moses, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 32 TC 262 Z9 269 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 571 EP 599 DI 10.1023/A:1004902913117 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300021 ER PT J AU Dere, KP Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Kreplin, RW Michels, DJ Moses, JD Moulton, NE Socker, DG St Cyr, OC Delaboudiniere, JP Artzner, GE Brunaud, J Gabriel, AH Millier, F Song, XY Chauvineau, JP Marioge, JP Defise, JM Jamar, C Rochus, P Catura, RC Lemen, JR Gurman, JB Neupert, W Clette, F Cugnon, P Van Dessel, EL Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Schwenn, R Simnett, GM AF Dere, KP Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Kreplin, RW Michels, DJ Moses, JD Moulton, NE Socker, DG St Cyr, OC Delaboudiniere, JP Artzner, GE Brunaud, J Gabriel, AH Millier, F Song, XY Chauvineau, JP Marioge, JP Defise, JM Jamar, C Rochus, P Catura, RC Lemen, JR Gurman, JB Neupert, W Clette, F Cugnon, P Van Dessel, EL Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Schwenn, R Simnett, GM TI EIT and LASCO observations of the initiation of a coronal mass ejection SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TELESCOPE; FILAMENT AB We present the first observations of the initiation of a coronal mass ejection (CME) seen on the disk of the Sun. Observations with the EIT experiment on SOHO show that the CME be an in a small volume and was initially associated with slow motions of prominence material and a small brightening at one end of the prominence. Shortly afterward! the prominence was accelerated to about 100 km s(-1) and was preceded by a bright loop-like structure, which surrounded an emission void, that traveled out into the corona at a velocity of 200-400 km s(-1). These three components, the prominence, the dark void, and the bright loops are typical of CMEs when seen at distance in the corona and here are shown to be present at the earliest stages of the CME. The event was later observed to traverse the LASCO coronagraphs fields of view from 1.1 to 30 RE.. Of particular interest is the fact that this large-scale event, spanning as much as 70 deg in latitude, originated in a volume with dimensions of roughly 35" (2.5 x 10(4) km). Further, a disturbance that propagated across the disk and a chain of activity near the limb may also be associated with this event as well as a considerable degree of activity near the west limb. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Inst Opt Theor & Appl, F-91403 Orsay, France. Ctr Spatial Liege, Liege, Belgium. Lockheed Martin Palo Alto Res Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13012 Marseille, France. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Lindau, Germany. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Dere, KP (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 601 EP 612 DI 10.1023/A:1004907307376 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300022 ER PT J AU Schwenn, R Inhester, B Plunkett, SP Epple, A Podlipnik, B Bedford, DK Eyles, CJ Simnett, GM Tappin, SJ Bout, MV Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Moulton, NE Paswaters, SE Socker, DG St Cyr, OC Wang, D AF Schwenn, R Inhester, B Plunkett, SP Epple, A Podlipnik, B Bedford, DK Eyles, CJ Simnett, GM Tappin, SJ Bout, MV Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Moulton, NE Paswaters, SE Socker, DG St Cyr, OC Wang, D TI First view of the extended green-line emission corona at solar activity minimum using the LASCO-C1 coronagraph on SOHO SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; FIELD; CYCLE; DENSITY AB The newly developed C1 coronagraph as part of the Large-Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) on board the SOHO spacecraft has been operating since January 29, 1996. We present observations obtained in the first three months of operation. The green-line emission corona can be made visible throughout the instrument's full field of view, i.e., from 1.1 R-. out to 3.2 R-. (measured from Sun center). Quantitative evaluations based on calibrations cannot yet be performed, but some basic signatures show up even now: (1) There are often bright and apparently closed loop systems centered at latitudes of 30 degrees to 45 degrees in both hemispheres. Their helmet-like extensions are bent towards the equatorial plane. Farther out, they merge into one large equatorial 'streamer sheet' clearly discernible out to 32 R-.. (2) At mid latitudes a more diffuse pattern is usually visible, well separated from the high-latitude loops and with very pronounced variability. (3) All high-latitude structures remain stable on time scales of several days, and no signature of transient disruption of high-latitude streamers was observed in these early data. (4) Within the first 4 months of observation, only one single 'fast' feature was observed moving outward at a speed of 70 km s(-1) close to the equator. Faster events may have escaped attention because of data gaps. (5) The centers of high-latitude loops are usually found at the positions of magnetic neutral lines in photospheric magnetograms. The large-scale streamer structure follows the magnetic pattern fairly precisely. Based on our observations we conclude that the shape and stability of the heliospheric current sheet at Solar activity minimum are probably due to high-latitude streamers rather than to the near-equatorial activity belt. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, Lindau, Germany. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13012 Marseille, France. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwenn, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Lindau, Germany. NR 40 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 667 EP 684 DI 10.1023/A:1004948913883 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300025 ER PT J AU Simnett, GM Tappin, SJ Plunkett, SP Bedford, DK Eyles, CJ St Cyr, OC Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Michels, DJ Moses, JD Socker, D Dere, KP Korendyke, CM Paswaters, SE Wang, D Schwenn, R Lamy, P Llebaria, A Bout, MV AF Simnett, GM Tappin, SJ Plunkett, SP Bedford, DK Eyles, CJ St Cyr, OC Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Michels, DJ Moses, JD Socker, D Dere, KP Korendyke, CM Paswaters, SE Wang, D Schwenn, R Lamy, P Llebaria, A Bout, MV TI LASCO observations of disconnected magnetic structures out to beyond 28 solar radii during coronal mass ejections SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Two coronal mass ejections have been well observed by the LASCO coronagraphs to move out into the interplanetary medium as disconnected plasmoids. The first, on July 28, 1996, left the Sun above the west limb around 18:00 UT. As it moved out, a bright V shaped structure was visible in the C2 coronagraph which moved into the field-of-view of C3 and could be observed out to beyond 28 solar radii. The derived average velocity in the plane of the sky was 110 +/- 5 km s(-1) out to 5 solar radii, and above 15 solar radii the velocity was 269 +/- 10 km s(-1). Thus there is evidence of some acceleration around 6 solar radii. The second event occurred on November 5, 1996 and left the west limb around 04:00 UT. The event had an average velocity in the plane of the sky of similar to 511 km s(-1) below 4 R-., and it accelerated rapidly around 5 R-. up to 310 +/- 10 km s(-1). In both events the rising plasmoid is connected back to the Sun by a straight, bright ray, which is probably a signature of a neutral sheet. In the November event there is evidence for multiple plasmoid ejections. The acceleration of the plasmoids around a projected altitude of 5 solar radii is probably a manifestation of the source surface of the solar wind. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille, France. RP Simnett, GM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 11 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 685 EP 698 DI 10.1023/A:1004994214697 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300026 ER PT J AU Plunkett, SP Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Moulton, NE Paswaters, SE St Cyr, OC Socker, DG Wang, D Simnett, GM Bedford, DK Biesecker, DA Eyles, CJ Tappin, SJ Schwenn, R Lamy, PL Llebaria, A AF Plunkett, SP Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Moulton, NE Paswaters, SE St Cyr, OC Socker, DG Wang, D Simnett, GM Bedford, DK Biesecker, DA Eyles, CJ Tappin, SJ Schwenn, R Lamy, PL Llebaria, A TI The relationship of green-line transients to white-light coronal mass ejections SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TELESCOPE AB We report observations by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the SOHO spacecraft of three coronal green line transients that could be clearly associated with coronal mass elections (CMEs) detected in Thomson-scattered white light. Two of these events, with speeds > 25 km s(-1), may be classified as 'whip-like' transients. They are associated with the core of the white-light CMEs, identified with erupting prominence material, rather than with the leading edge of the CMEs. The third green-line transient has a markedly different appearance and is more gradual than the other two, with a projected outward speed < 10 km s(-1). This event corresponds to the leading edge of a 'streamer blowout' type of CME. A dark void is left behind in the emission-line corona following each of the fast eruptions. Both fast emission-line transients start off as a loop structure rising up from close to the solar surface. We suggest that the driving mechanism for these events may be the emergence of new bipolar magnetic regions on the surface of the Sun, which destabilize the ambient corona and cause an eruption. The possible relationship of these events to recent X-ray observations of CMEs is briefly discussed. C1 NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37189 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. RP Plunkett, SP (reprint author), NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 699 EP 718 DI 10.1023/A:1004981125702 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300027 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Guo, WP Andrews, MD Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Socker, DG Dere, KP Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Bout, MV Schwenn, R Simnett, GM Bedford, DK Eyles, CJ AF Wu, ST Guo, WP Andrews, MD Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Socker, DG Dere, KP Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Bout, MV Schwenn, R Simnett, GM Bedford, DK Eyles, CJ TI MHD interpretation of LASCO observations of a coronal mass ejection as a disconnected magnetic structure SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR CORONA; SIMULATION; MODEL AB We present a qualitative and quantitative comparison of a single coronal mass ejection (CME) as observed by LASCO (July 28-29, 1996) with the results of a three-dimensional axisymmetric time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic model of a Aux rope interacting with a helmet streamer. The particular CME considered was selected based on the appearance of a distinct 'tear-drop' shape visible in animations generated from both the data and the model. The CME event begins with the brightening of a pre-existing coronal streamer which evolves into a 'tear-drop' shaped loop followed by a Y-shaped structure. The brightening moves slowly outward with significant acceleration reaching velocities of similar to 450 km s(-1) at 30 R-.. The observed CME characteristics are compared with the model results. On the basis of this comparison, we suggested that the observed features were caused by the evacuation of a flux rope in the closed field region of the helmet streamer (i.e., helmet dome). The flux rope manifests itself as the cavity of the quasi-static helmet streamer and the whole system becomes unstable when the flux rope reaches a threshold strength. The observed 'tear-drop' structure is due to the deformed flux rope. The leading edge of the flux rope interacts with the helmet dome to form the typical loop-like CME. The trailing edge of this flux rope interacts with the local bi-polar field to form the observed Y-shaped structure. The model results for the evolution of the magnetic-field configurations, velocity, and polarization brightness are directly compared with observations. Animations have been generated from both the actual data and the model to illustrate the good agreement between the observation and the model. These animations can be found on the CD-ROM which accompanies this volume. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Hughes STX Corp, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13012 Marseille, France. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Lindau, Germany. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 719 EP 735 DI 10.1023/A:1004923016322 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300028 ER PT J AU Binari, SC Kruppa, W Dietrich, HB Kelner, G Wickenden, AE Freitas, JA AF Binari, SC Kruppa, W Dietrich, HB Kelner, G Wickenden, AE Freitas, JA TI Fabrication and characterization of GaN FETs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Topical Workshop on Heterostructure Microelectronics (TWHM 96) CY AUG 18-21, 1996 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, IEEE, EDS, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; N-TYPE GAN; FREQUENCY; DENSITY AB The current status of GaN-based FET technology and performance is reviewed. The fabrication details and the de and microwave characteristics of GaN MESFETs that utilize Si-doped channels on semi-insulating buffer layers are presented. MESFETs with a 0.8 mu m gate have exhibited an f(T) and f(max) of 6 and 14 GHz, respectively. These devices have excellent pinchoff characteristics and a source-drain breakdown voltage of over 85 V. A high-field current-collapse phenomenon is observed in these MESFETs in the absence of light. The characteristics of this current collapse as a function of temperature, illuminating wavelength, and time are described. A model describing the current collapse in terms of hot electron injection into the buffer layer is presented. Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 20 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1549 EP 1554 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(97)00103-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YL072 UT WOS:A1997YL07200024 ER PT J AU Hedstrom, RC Doolan, DL Wang, RB Gardner, MJ Kumar, A Sedegah, M Gramzinski, RA Sacci, JB Charoenvit, Y Weiss, WR Margalith, M Norman, JA Hobart, P Hoffman, SL AF Hedstrom, RC Doolan, DL Wang, RB Gardner, MJ Kumar, A Sedegah, M Gramzinski, RA Sacci, JB Charoenvit, Y Weiss, WR Margalith, M Norman, JA Hobart, P Hoffman, SL TI The development of a multivalent DNA vaccine for malaria SO SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; YOELII CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; T-CELLS RECOGNIZE; INFECTED HEPATOCYTES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; EXPORTED PROTEIN-1; BLOOD STAGES; BED NETS C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. VICAL INC,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP Hedstrom, RC (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST ANNEX,MALARIA PROGRAM,12300 WASHINGTON AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0344-4325 J9 SPRINGER SEMIN IMMUN JI Springer Semin. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF00870265 PG 13 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA YF450 UT WOS:A1997YF45000003 PM 9406343 ER PT J AU Kelly, TL Kripke, DF Hayduk, R Ryman, D Pasche, B Barbault, A AF Kelly, TL Kripke, DF Hayduk, R Ryman, D Pasche, B Barbault, A TI Bright light and LEET effects on circadian rhythms, sleep and cognitive performance SO STRESS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bright light; LEET; circadian rhythm; sleep; cognitive performance; shift work; electromagnetics ID ENERGY EMISSION THERAPY; SHIFT-WORK; JET-LAG; NIGHT; EXPOSURE; PHASE; SCHEDULES; MELATONIN; ALERTNESS AB Shift work and jet lag can disrupt circadian rhythms, with detrimental effects on alertness, performance and sleep. This study examined the effects of two interventions to adapt circadian rhythms, sleep and performance to a 10-h phase delay of the work-rest cycle. Bright light was administered from 2200 to 0200 each night to promote phase delay of circadian rhythms. Low energy emission therapy (LEFT) was administered for 20 min prior to daytime sleep periods to promote sleep. Twelve subjects received bright light, 12 subjects received LEFT, 11 received both interventions and 10 control subjects received only placebo treatments. Bright light accelerated phase delay of the circadian melatonin rhythm after the work-rest schedule shift. Further, subjects who received bright light had greater total sleep time (TST) and improved sleep continuity. LEFT treatment produced a trend (p = 0.16) for increased TST, but LEET did not affect the melatonin circadian rhythm. After the schedule shift, cognitive performance measures showed few significant differences. Some minor improvements in cognitive performance were produced by light treatments but not by LEET. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. SCRIPPS FDN & RES INST,LA JOLLA,CA. SYMTON SA,RENENS,SWITZERLAND. RI Kripke, Daniel/A-2192-2012 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0748-8386 J9 STRESS MEDICINE JI Stress Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199710)13:4<251::AID-SMI750>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA YE006 UT WOS:A1997YE00600006 PM 11542396 ER PT J AU Jones, RL AF Jones, RL TI Surface and coatings effects in catalytic combustion in internal combustion engines SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE catalytic combustion; heat transfer; Woschni effect; diesel engine AB Various aspects of catalytic combustion relating to engines have been investigated. MoO3 and coatings of transition metal oxides (prepared by flame pyrolysis) were confirmed to have combustion catalytic activity commencing at similar to 325-430 degrees C. Evidence from experiments and the literature indicates that in-cylinder catalysts can aid in fuel ignition (beneficial), but may also cause early quenching of the flame-front (detrimental) at combustion cl;amber surfaces. Catalytic combustion. when it occurs on thermocouple or heat probe surfaces, will cause surface temperature measurements in Furnaces or engines to be erroneously high. This may explain the Woschni effect, a controversial finding wherein thermal insulation (which raises combustion chamber wall temperatures) appears to increase heat rejection from the combustion chamber. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 94-5 IS 1-3 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00488-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YL682 UT WOS:000070981000021 ER PT J AU Zong, JX Xu, Q AF Zong, JX Xu, Q TI The dynamics of cold fronts passing over a quasi-two-dimensional mountain ridge SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE MODELS; OROGRAPHY; ATMOSPHERE AB A two-layer semigeostrophic model is developed for cold fronts passing over a quasi-two-dimensional mesoscale mountain ridge oriented north-south. A constant potential vorticity is assumed for the cold air in the lower layer, while a steady-state geostrophic how is specified in the upper layer. A hyperbolic differential equation is derived for the movement of the surface cold front. As long as the topographic slope is not as steep as the frontal slope on the lee side of the mountain, this equation remains valid and can be integrated by following the characteristic velocity which is expressed analytically in terms of the frontal position and the topography underlying the cold air. Solutions are obtained for two cases of different upper-layer geostrophic wind: southwesterly in case 1, and northwesterly in case 2. The topographic effects on the frontal evolution are examined in detail from a kinematic viewpoint in connection with the characteristic velocity and from a dynamic viewpoint in connection with the geostrophic and ageostrophic components of the perturbation wind field in the cold air. It is shown that the frontal evolution can be roughly divided into two stages: the upslope stage and the downslope stage. During the upslope stage, the surface front moves on the upstream side of the mountain, the cold air layer becomes shallower over the mountain, and the perturbation geostrophic how is curved anticyclonically under the constraint of potential vorticity conservation. During the downslope stage, the surface front moves on the lee side of the mountain, the front becomes steep, and the perturbation geostrophic how becomes strong and fairly parallel to the distorted front. As the frontal-wave propagates further downstream, leaving behind an anticyclone associated permanently with the topography, the transient and long-term effects of the topography on the flow held are essentially decoupled. Noticeable differences in the frontal evolution between the two cases are revealed. C1 USN, RES LAB, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. UNIV OKLAHOMA, CTR ANAL & PREDICT STORMS, NORMAN, OK 73019 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 49 IS 5 BP 559 EP 576 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1997.t01-3-00004.x PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA YG149 UT WOS:A1997YG14900004 ER PT J AU Araneta, MRG Moore, CA Olney, RS Edmonds, LD Karcher, JA McDonough, C Hiliopoulos, KM Schlangen, KM Gray, GC AF Araneta, MRG Moore, CA Olney, RS Edmonds, LD Karcher, JA McDonough, C Hiliopoulos, KM Schlangen, KM Gray, GC TI Goldenhar syndrome among infants born in military hospitals to Gulf War veterans SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULOAURICULOVERTEBRAL SPECTRUM; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PERSIAN-GULF; PATERNAL AGE; MANIFESTATIONS; COMPLEX; HEALTH AB Reports in the popular press described the occurrence of Goldenhar syndrome among children of Persian Gulf War veterans (GWVs). The objective of this investigation was to compare the birth prevalence of Goldenhar syndrome among infants born in military hospitals to GWVs and to military personnel who were not deployed to the Gulf War (NDVs). Computerized hospital discharge data were reviewed for infants conceived after the war and born prior to the 1st of October, 1993, in medical treatment facilities (MTFs) operated by the U.S. Department of Defense. Medical records were evaluated for infants diagnosed at birth with at least one abnormality that might be related to Goldenhar syndrome. Two pediatricians, blinded to the parental Gulf War status of each infant, reviewed records. An estimated 75,414 infants were conceived after the Gulf War and born in MTFs during the study period (34,069 GWV infants and 41,345 NDV infants). Seven infants fulfilled the case criteria (five GWV infants and two NDV infants). All infants had fathers who served in the military at the time of their conception and birth. The birth prevalence was 14.7 per 100,000 live births among GWV infants (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 5.4-36.4) and 4.8 per 100,000 live births (95% Cl: 0.8-19.5) among NDV infants (relative risk: 3.03; 95% Cl: 0.63-20.57; P values: [2-tailed] = 0.26, [1-tailed] = 0.16). The few affected cases and the broad confidence intervals surrounding the relative risk require that these results be interpreted with caution and do not exclude chance as an explanation for these findings. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Araneta, MRG (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 46 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199710)56:4<244::AID-TERA3>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA YK106 UT WOS:A1997YK10600003 PM 9408975 ER PT J AU Winkler, DC Accorsi, ML AF Winkler, DC Accorsi, ML TI Incompatible finite elements for laminated structures SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID STRESSES AB A new family of finite elements is presented for the analysis of layered anisotropic media. The elements are based on the traditional displacement method and make extensive use of incompatible displacement modes and selectable kinematic dimensionality. Several methods for stress recovery are presented and one is selected for general purpose analysis. A simple modification of the nodal strain-displacement matrix is used in a general isoparametric formulation to allow for irregular elements that pass the patch lest. Accuracy of the new elements is demonstrated by comparison with an exact elasticity solution for a linear bending problem. Efficiency and other practical concerns are also discussed. Shear locking is avoided by using incompatible displacement modes and results show that the elements can be used for both thick and thin problems. It is also shown that incompatible modes can be selectively included between and within individual elements to locally refine displacement and stress fields. The end products of the proposed methodology are herein called ZORO finite elements. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH ENGN,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269. RP Winkler, DC (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,NEWPORT,RI 02840, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0168-874X(97)00010-3 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA YA831 UT WOS:A1997YA83100010 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Jung, TP Bell, AJ Ghahremani, D Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Jung, TP Bell, AJ Ghahremani, D Sejnowski, TJ TI Blind separation of auditory event-related brain responses into independent components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEARNING ALGORITHM; POTENTIALS; INFORMATION; SCALP; EEG; FLUCTUATIONS; COHERENCE; HUMANS; SOUND; STATE AB Averaged event-related potential (ERR) data recorded from the human scalp reveal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity that is reliably time-locked and phase-locked to experimental events, We report here the application of a method based on information theory that decomposes one or more ERPs recorded at multiple scalp sensors into a sum of components with fixed scalp distributions and sparsely activated, maximally independent time courses, Independent component analysis (ICA) decomposes ERP data into a number of components equal to the number of sensors, The derived components have distinct but not necessarily orthogonal scalp projections, Unlike dipole-fitting methods, the algorithm does not model the locations of their generators in the head, Unlike methods that remove second-order correlations, such as principal component analysis (PCA), ICA also minimizes higher-order dependencies, Applied to detected-and undetected-target ERPs from an auditory vigilance experiment, the algorithm derived ten components that decomposed each of the major response peaks into one or more ICA components with relatively simple scalp distributions, Three of these components were active only when the subject detected the targets, three other components only when the target went undetected, and one in both cases, Three additional components accounted for the steady-state brain response to a 39-Hz background click train, Major features of the decomposition proved robust across sessions and changes in sensor number and placement, This method of ERP analysis can be used to compare responses from multiple stimuli, task conditions, and subject states. C1 SALK INST,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,COMPUTAT NEUROBIOL LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 36 TC 632 Z9 644 U1 2 U2 42 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 20 BP 10979 EP 10984 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10979 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XY998 UT WOS:A1997XY99800089 PM 9380745 ER PT J AU Kamiya, T Cholewa, M Saint, A Prawer, S Legge, GJF Butler, JE Vestyck, DJ AF Kamiya, T Cholewa, M Saint, A Prawer, S Legge, GJF Butler, JE Vestyck, DJ TI Secondary electron emission from boron-doped diamond under ion impact: Applications in single-ion detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The secondary electron emission from a 2 mu m thick boron-doped diamond film under ion (4.6-7.7 MeV He+)impact is reported. The yield under ions impact is found to be remarkably high, stable over a period of many months, and independent of which side of the film (i.e., growth or substrate side) is exposed to the ion flux. By taking advantage of the high secondary-electron yield, the passage of each ion through the film could be detected with an efficiency of close to 100%, which to the best of our knowledge is the highest efficiency recorded to date for any thin-film window. This finding has an immediate application in single-ion irradiation systems where a thin vacuum window is required to allow extraction of an ion beam from the vacuum into air and at the same time offer 100% efficiency for the detection of the passage of the ion through the window. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,GAS SURFACE DYNAM SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744. JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,TAKASAKI,GUMMA,JAPAN. INST NUCL PHYS,KRAKOW,POLAND. RP Kamiya, T (reprint author), UNIV MELBOURNE,SCH PHYS,MICROANALYT RES CTR,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Cholewa, Marian/C-9474-2011; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; PRAWER, STEVEN/0000-0002-4959-0828 NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 13 BP 1875 EP 1877 DI 10.1063/1.120190 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XY993 UT WOS:A1997XY99300044 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL AF Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL TI Pre-erythrocytic-stage immune effector mechanisms in Plasmodium spp. infections SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting of the Royal-Society-of-London on Immune Effector Mechanisms in Parasitic Infections CY FEB 19-20, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Royal Soc London ID YOELII CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; INDUCED FALCIPARUM MALARIA; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; T-CELLS RECOGNIZE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MURINE MALARIA; LYMPHOCYTES-T AB The potent protective immunity against malaria induced by immunization of mice and humans with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium spp. sporozoites is thought to be mediated primarily by T-cell responses directed against infected hepatocytes. This has led to considerable efforts to develop subunit vaccines that duplicate this protective immunity, but a universally effective vaccine is still not available and in vitro correlates of protective immunity have not been established. Contributing to this delay has been a lack of understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the protection. There are now data indicating that CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, cytokines, and nitric oxide can all mediate the elimination of infected hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. By dissecting the protection induced by immunization with irradiated sporozoite, DNA and synthetic peptide-adjuvant vaccines, we have demonstrated that different T-cell-dependent immune responses mediate protective immunity in the same inbred strain of mouse, depending on the method of immunization. Furthermore, the mechanism of protection induced by a single method of immunization may vary among different strains of mice. These data have important implications for the development of pre-erythrocytic-stage vaccines designed to protect a heterogeneous human population, and of assays that predict protective immunity. C1 USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 78 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 29 PY 1997 VL 352 IS 1359 BP 1361 EP 1367 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YA544 UT WOS:A1997YA54400010 PM 9355128 ER PT J AU Summers, ME Conway, RR Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Offermann, D Riese, M Preusse, P Strobel, DF Russell, JM AF Summers, ME Conway, RR Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Offermann, D Riese, M Preusse, P Strobel, DF Russell, JM TI Implications of satellite OH observations for middle atmospheric H2O and ozone SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MESOSPHERE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; DEFICIT; CONSTRAINTS; TRANSPORT AB Satellite observations by the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) have produced global measurements of hydroxyl (OH) in the atmosphere. These observations reveal a sharp peak in OH density near an altitude of 65 to 70 km and are thus consistent with observations from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), which showed an unexplained H2O layer at the same level. Analysis of stratopause (about 50 kilometers) OH measurements and coincident ozone observations from the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment reveals that the catalytic loss of ozone attributable to odd-hydrogen chemistry is less than that predicted with standard chemistry. Thus, the dominant portion of the ozone deficit problem in standard models is a consequence of overestimation of the OH density in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. C1 UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL,DEPT PHYS,D-42119 WUPPERTAL,GERMANY. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. HAMPTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HAMPTON,VA 23668. RP Summers, ME (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; OI Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 26 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 26 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5334 BP 1967 EP 1970 DI 10.1126/science.277.5334.1967 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XX849 UT WOS:A1997XX84900036 ER PT J AU Dong, ZW Ramesh, R Venkatesan, T Johnson, M Chen, ZY Pai, SP Talyansky, V Sharma, RP Shreekala, R Lobb, CJ Greene, RL AF Dong, ZW Ramesh, R Venkatesan, T Johnson, M Chen, ZY Pai, SP Talyansky, V Sharma, RP Shreekala, R Lobb, CJ Greene, RL TI Spin-polarized quasiparticle injection devices using Au/YBa2Cu3O7/LaAlO3/Nd0.7Sr0.3/MnO3 heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNNEL INJECTION; QUASI-PARTICLES; SUPERCONDUCTOR; TRANSISTOR AB Oxide heterostructures were used for studies of quasiparticle injection effects in high-T-c superconducting thin films. The effect of injection of spin polarized quasiparticles from a ferromagnetic gate layer was compared to that of unpolarized quasiparticles from a nonmagnetic metallic gate. Transport measurements of the superconducting layer showed strong suppression in the supercurrent by the injection of spin-polarized quasiparticles, and a current gain of as large as five was attained. This is 10 to 30 times larger than the gain of unpolarized injection devices. Such large effects could be useful in a variety of active high-T-c superconductor/colossal magnetoresistance heterostructure based devices. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Dong, ZW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,NSF MRSEC OXIDES,CTR OXIDE THIN FILMS PROBES & SURFACES,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 21 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1718 EP 1720 DI 10.1063/1.120014 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XW907 UT WOS:A1997XW90700042 ER PT J AU Hazel, G Bucholtz, F Aggarwal, ID AF Hazel, G Bucholtz, F Aggarwal, ID TI Characterization and modeling of drift noise in Fourier transform spectroscopy: implications for signal processing and detection limits SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform spectroscopy; flicker noise; fractional Brownian motion; mid-IR Spectroscopy; drift noise ID FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN-MOTION; 1/F NOISE AB A theoretical analysis of long-term drift noise in Fourier transform spectroscopy is presented. Theoretical predictions are confirmed by experiment. Fractional Brownian motion is employed as a stochastic process model for drift noise. A formulation of minimum detectable signal is given that properly accounts for drift noise. The spectral exponent of the low-frequency drift noise is calculated from experimental data. A frequency-dependent optimal spectrum averaging time is found to exist beyond which the minimum detectable signal increases indefinitely. It is also shown that the minimum detectable signal in an absorbance or transmission measurement degrades indefinitely with the time elapsed since background spectrum acquisition. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,FIBER & ELECTROOPT RES CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24062. RP Hazel, G (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5606,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 27 BP 6751 EP 6759 DI 10.1364/AO.36.006751 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA XV502 UT WOS:A1997XV50200006 PM 18259539 ER PT J AU Sydor, M Arnone, RA AF Sydor, M Arnone, RA TI Effect of suspended particulate and dissolved organic matter on remote sensing of coastal and riverine waters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE particle-size distributions; remote sensing reflectance of coastal waters; backscattering coefficient; upwelling irradiance-to-radiance ratio ID APPARENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; OCEANIC WATERS; IRRADIANCE; DEPENDENCE; INHERENT; COLOR AB We use remote sensing reflectance (RSR) together with the inherent optical properties of suspended particulates to determine the backscattering ratio b(b)/b for coastal waters. We examine the wavelength dependence of b(b)(lambda) and f(lambda)/Q(lambda) and establish the conditions when C(lambda) in RSR(lambda) congruent to C(lambda)b(b)(lambda)/a(lambda) can be treated as a constant. We found that for case 2 waters, RSR was insensitive to the natural fluctuations in particle-size distributions. The cross-sectional area of the suspended particulate per unit volume, x(g), showed an excellent correlation with the volume scattering coefficient. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529. RP Sydor, M (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PHYS,DULUTH,MN 55812, USA. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 27 BP 6905 EP 6912 DI 10.1364/AO.36.006905 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA XV502 UT WOS:A1997XV50200029 PM 18259562 ER PT J AU Hajian, AR Balick, B Terzian, Y Perinotto, M AF Hajian, AR Balick, B Terzian, Y Perinotto, M TI FLIERs and other microstructures in planetary nebulae .3. SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, abundances; ISM, structure; planetary nebulae, general ID CENTRAL STARS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SURVEY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITIONS; EPISODIC JET; BOW SHOCK; ABUNDANCES; EVOLUTION; DISTANCES; BIPOLAR; WINDS AB Long-slit spectroscopic observations along the major axes of four planetary nebulae with interesting jets and FLIERs (Hb 4, IC 4634, NGC 6369, and NGC 7354) have been conducted with the Palomar 5 m telescope. Chemical abundances and physical conditions (n, T) in microstructures were derived along their structural axes. No evidence of conspicuous shock activity or N/O abundance anomalies is seen in most cases, unlike some earlier studies of similar features in other planetary nebulae. Microstructures seem to be a heterogeneous class of structures aside from their low ionization and generally supersonic motions. C1 CORNELL UNIV,NAIC,ITHACA,NY 14853. USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV FLORENCE,DIPARTIMENTO ASTRON & SCI SPAZIO,I-50125 FLORENCE,ITALY. RP Hajian, AR (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 1 BP 304 EP 313 DI 10.1086/304598 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XY506 UT WOS:A1997XY50600027 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Skibo, JG AF Dermer, CD Skibo, JG TI Annihilation fountain in the galactic center region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays, theory; ISM, jets and outflows; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernova remnants ID RAY LINE EMISSION; 511 KEV LINE; COMPTEL OBSERVATIONS; IRON LINE; RADIATION; POSITRONS; AL-26 AB Two different model-independent mapping techniques have been applied to Compton Gamma Ray Observatory OSSE, SMM, TGRS, and balloon data and reveal a feature in the 0.511 MeV e(+)-e(-) annihilation radiation pattern of our Galaxy centered at I similar to -2 degrees and b similar to 10 degrees with a flux of approximately 5 x 10(-4) 0.511 MeV photons cm(-2) s(-1) If near the Galactic center, then positron (e(+)) sources are producing about 10(42) e(+) s(-1), which annihilate approximate to 1-2 kpc above the Galactic plane. A starburst episode within the inner few hundred parsecs of our Galaxy would drive hot pair-laden gas into the halo, with the one-sidedness pointing to the site of initial pressure release at the onset of the starburst activity. Positrons lose energy and annihilate as they are convected upward with the gas flow, and we calculate high-latitude annihilation patterns and fluxes in accord with the observations. Changes in the ionization state when the escaping gas cools could give annihilation radiation substructure. The fountain of hot (similar to 10(6)-10(7) K) gas rising into the Galactic halo would be seen through its enhanced dispersion measure, thermal emission, and recombination radiation. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7653,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 1 BP L57 EP L60 DI 10.1086/310870 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XY509 UT WOS:A1997XY50900015 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, YM TI On ''torqueless'' accretion from a magnetically truncated disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars, magnetic fields; stars, rotation ID X-RAY SOURCES; NEUTRON STARS; PULSAR; FLOW AB In a number of recent studies, it has been suggested that a star may accrete matter from a magnetically truncated Keplerian disk without experiencing any significant spin-up torque. Thus, it is asserted that the toroidal field component at the stellar surface is too small to transmit angular momentum from the disk to the star; instead, the material angular momentum at the inner edge of the disk is transported back outward by magnetic stresses acting on the disk. We assess the arguments for ''torqueless'' accretion and conclude that they are physically unfounded. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7672W,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 1 BP L85 EP L88 DI 10.1086/310875 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XY509 UT WOS:A1997XY50900022 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Connolly, JP AF Coffin, RB Connolly, JP TI Bacteria and heterotrophic microflagellate production in the Santa Rosa Sound, Florida SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bacteria; heterotrophic microflagellates; production; grazing; carbon; estuary ID PLANKTONIC MARINE-BACTERIA; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; BACTERIOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; ESTUARINE WATER; SURFACE WATERS; COASTAL WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DRY-MATTER; GROWTH AB Bacterial and microflagellate biomass and production and grazing on bacteria were compared weekly at a fixed station in Santa Rosa Sound, Florida, starting in February and ending in October. For both populations the weekly variation in biomass and production was as large as the seasonal variation. Cycles for biomass and production of these organisms were generally out of phase, rendering it difficult to estimate the net grazing of bacteria by microflagellates at individual time points. For evaluation of factors that control the fate of carbon cycled by bacterial, experiments were conducted to examine bacterial growth rates in the absence of predators. This examination resulted in low bacterial growth rates when biomass was high, and rapid growth rates typically occurred near minimum populations. Further analysis suggested that microflagellate predation was greater than bacterial production during minimum bacterial growth rates. With integration of production and grazing rates over the study period, factors controlling bacterial growth were examined. Using this approach, 71% of the bacterial production was grazed by < 8.0 mu m predators. The microflagellate biomass production was 41% of the grazing rate on bacteria. The total amount of bacterial production assimilated into microflagellate biomass was 29%. However, based on the variations in biomass and activity of the microbial assemblages, it appears that substrate and predation exert alternating control on bacterial abundance and production. C1 US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Hydroqual, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. Manhattan Coll, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Riverdale, NY 10471 USA. RP Coffin, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6115,4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP 19 PY 1997 VL 353 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1023/A:1003038307684 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YL666 UT WOS:000070979300006 ER PT J AU Cheeseman, EW Bidwell, AE AF Cheeseman, EW Bidwell, AE TI Angioid streaks in Pseudoxanthoma elasticum SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP Cheeseman, EW (reprint author), NAVAL HOSP,GREAT LAKES,IL 60088, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 18 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 12 BP 828 EP 828 DI 10.1056/NEJM199709183371206 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XW283 UT WOS:A1997XW28300006 PM 9295242 ER PT J AU Sterling, AC AF Sterling, AC TI X-ray spectral observations of a solar active region corona SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; FLARES; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; LINES AB We study the X-ray flux and electron temperature variation of the corona above a solar active region. Electron temperatures are determined using data from the S xv channel of the Bragg crystal spectrometer (BCS) instrument on board the Yohkoh satellite. The active region, designated NOAA AR 7999, rotated from just inside the west solar limb to beyond the limb over the period December 2-4, 1996: allowing us to map the electron temperature as a function of height in the active region's corona. Consistent with previous findings, we find two components to the active region coronal temperature, with a hotter (T-e greater than or similar to 5.0 MK) component due to transient flares and microflares, and a cooler component present in between the times of the microflares. There is a steady decrease in the frequency of occurrence of flares;and microflares as the occultation progresses, implying that the flaring structures are low lying. For the cool component, the average electron temperature is about 4.5 MK when the region is just inside the limb, and gradually decreases to under 3.0 MK as the region rotates around the limb, indicating that temperature decreases with height. C1 COMPUTAT PHYS INC,FAIRFAX,VA 22031. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 18 BP 2263 EP 2266 DI 10.1029/97GL52351 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA XW963 UT WOS:A1997XW96300001 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, SM Bowman, SR Shaw, LB Ganem, J AF Kirkpatrick, SM Bowman, SR Shaw, LB Ganem, J TI Cross relaxation and upconversion coefficients of the mid-infrared transitions of Pr3+:LaCl3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER AB Short pulse laser-induced fluorescence experiments on the lowest-energy electronic states (upsilon < 10(-4) cm(-1)) of trivalent praseodymium ions are reported. Crystals of lanthanum trichloride with a range of Pr3+ concentrations were examined. We compute cross relaxation and upconversion coefficients for the metastable energy levels using a standard rate equation analysis. The limitations of the rate equation approach are examined with a focus on the underlying dynamics of this rare-earth system. The implications of these results for laser emission in the 1.3-7.2 mu m spectral range are discussed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 LOYOLA COLL,DEPT PHYS,BALTIMORE,MD 21210. RP Kirkpatrick, SM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,LASER PHYS BRANCH,CODE 5640,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 6 BP 2759 EP 2765 DI 10.1063/1.366107 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XX996 UT WOS:A1997XX99600006 ER PT J AU Kemner, KM Harris, VG Elam, WT Feng, YC Laughlin, DE Woicik, JC Lodder, JC AF Kemner, KM Harris, VG Elam, WT Feng, YC Laughlin, DE Woicik, JC Lodder, JC TI Preferential site distribution of dilute Pt and ta in CoCr-based films: An extended x-ray absorption fine structure study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL RECORDING MEDIA; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILM; COMPOSITIONAL SEPARATION; CR; ANISOTROPY; SEGREGATION; DEPENDENCE AB Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements of Co78Cr22, Co86Cr12Ta2, and Co86Cr12Pt2 films were made to investigate the local structure and chemistry around Ta and Pt atoms to determine their site distributions in these alloys. Comparisons between the measured data and data collected from experimental standards and calculated using theoretical EXAFS simulation codes indicate that the Ta atoms are preferentially distributed to the Cr-enriched regions of the CoCr media, and the Pt atoms have an effect on the local environment of the Co atoms, Both Ta and Pt introduce a large amount of local structural disorder to the local environments in which they reside. The presence of Ta atoms in the Cr-enriched regions further reduces the magnetization of these regions, which enhances the magnetic isolation of the Co regions from each other. This helps improve the noise characteristics of the films. The portion of the Pt atoms residing in the Go-enriched regions increases the magnetic anisotropy of the films, thereby increasing their coercivity. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV TWENTE,MESA RES INST,NL-7500 AE ENSCHEDE,NETHERLANDS. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 6 BP 2912 EP 2917 DI 10.1063/1.366124 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XX996 UT WOS:A1997XX99600027 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH Wilson, ML Byers, JM Adrian, S AF Claassen, JH Wilson, ML Byers, JM Adrian, S TI Optimizing the two-coil mutual inductance measurement of the superconducting penetration depth in thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB When a pair of coils is positioned on opposite sides of a superconducting thin film, measurement of their mutual inductance may in principle be used to infer the penetration depth lambda in the superconductor. We have studied how to optimize this measurement with respect to coil design, and have found that the approach that has been generally used is far from the optimum. Useful simplifications to the expression relating mutual inductance to penetration depth are derived. An analysis of the sources of uncertainty in determining lambda is presented. For an optimized coil set, the major source of uncertainty often is uncertainty of the thickness of the film. The sensitivity to changes in lambda is also studied; it is shown that this can approach 1 pm for a typical high temperature superconductor sample. Finally, it is shown that the analysis may be extended to normal metal films, with the skin depth playing a role similar to that of the penetration depth in superconductors, Measurement of a high conductivity normal metal foil can be used to check calculated calibration factors for a coil set or to determine the skin depth. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6344,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 6 BP 3028 EP 3034 DI 10.1063/1.366287 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XX996 UT WOS:A1997XX99600046 ER PT J AU Collins, CA Garfield, N Mascarenhas, AS Spearman, MG Rago, TA AF Collins, CA Garfield, N Mascarenhas, AS Spearman, MG Rago, TA TI Ocean currents across the entrance to the Gulf of California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB Observations of transport and currents in April, May, and December 1992 and January 1993 were made across the entrance to the Gulf of California with an acoustically tracked dropsonde. Flow was into the gulf along Sinaloa and out of the gulf along Baja California. The transports were 5-10 Sv and the currents were deep, with 10 cm s(-1) flow extending to depths greater than 1000 m. The currents were intensified hi the upper 300 m. Geostrophic flows compared well with observed currents when smoothed to 2-3 times the Rossby radius. Salinity in the upper 300 m was higher on the Baja California side of the gulf, indicating modification of Subtropical Subsurface waters within the Gulf as well as the presence of surface and near-surface gulf waters. The salinity minimum associated with California Current waters at 50 m had narrow cores that can be resolved only with closely spaced conductivity-temperature-depth casts. Mass and heat fluxes for the upper 300 m were estimated as 280 t s(-1) and -0.1 x 10(12) W in May and 170 t s(-1) and 2.0 x 10(12) W in December. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA BAJA CALIFORNIA,INST INVEST OCEANOL,ENSENADA 02830,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. RP Collins, CA (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,833 DYER RD,ROOM 328,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C9 BP 20927 EP 20936 DI 10.1029/97JC01302 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XX061 UT WOS:A1997XX06100003 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Lu, SH Chen, YC AF Chu, PC Lu, SH Chen, YC TI Temporal and spatial variabilities of the South China Sea surface temperature anomaly SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB In this study we use the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) monthly sea surface temperature (SST) fields (1982-1994) to investigate the temporal and spatial variabilities of the South China Sea(SCS) warm/cool anomalies. Three steps of analysis were performed on the data set: ensemble mean ((T) double over bar), composite analysis to obtain the monthly mean anomaly relative to the ensemble mean ((T) over tilde), and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on the residue data relative to ((T) double over bar) + ((T) over tilde). The ensemble mean SST field ((T) double over bar) has a rather weak, horizontal gradient: 29 degrees C near the Borneo coast to 25 degrees-26 degrees C near the southeast China coast. Two areas of evident SST anomalies were found in the monthly (T) over tilde variation: west of Borneo-Palawan Islands (WBP) and southeast of the southern Vietnam coast (SVC). Four patterns, monsoon and transition each with two out-of-phase structures, were found. During the spring-to-summer transition (March to May) the warm anomaly is formed in the northern SCS with (T) over tilde > 1.8 degrees C located at 112 degrees-119 degrees 30'E, 15 degrees-19 degrees 30'N. During the fall-to-winter transition (October to November) the northern SCS (north of 12 degrees N) cool anomaly is formed in November with (T) over tilde < -0.6 degrees C located at 108 degrees-115 degrees E, 13 degrees-20 degrees N. We performed an EOF analysis on the residue data relative to (T) double over bar + (T) over tilde in order to obtain transient and interannual variations of the SST fields. EOF1 accounts for 47% of the variance and represents the northern SCS warm/cool anomaly pattern. EOF2 accounts for 14% of the variance and represents the southern SCS dipole pattern. Strong northern SCS warm anomaly (1 degrees C warmer) appears during October-November 1987 and January-February 1988, and strong northern SCS cool anomaly (1 degrees C cooler) occurs during March 1986 and November 1992. Furthermore, a strong cross correlation between wind stress curl and SST anomalies, computed from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast analyzed wind stress data and the NCEP SST data for different lags, shows the existence of an air-sea feedback mechanism in the SCS deep basin. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 17 TC 59 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C9 BP 20937 EP 20955 DI 10.1029/97JC00982 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XX061 UT WOS:A1997XX06100004 ER PT J AU Herbers, THC Burton, MC AF Herbers, THC Burton, MC TI Nonlinear shoaling of directionally spread waves on a beach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER; BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; PROPAGATION; TRANSFORMATION; PRESSURE; MODELS; FORM AB The shoaling of directionally spread surface gravity waves on a gently sloping beach with straight and parallel depth contours is examined with weakly dispersive Boussinesq theory. In this second-order theory, energy is transferred from the incident waves to components with both higher and lower frequencies in near-resonant nonlinear triad interactions. Directional spreading of the incident waves causes a weak detuning from resonance that is of the same order as the detuning owing to dispersion. Boussinesq theory predictions of the evolution of a single triad (i.e., two primary wave components shoaling from deep water forcing a secondary wave component) are compared to predictions of dispersive finite depth theory for a typical range of beach slopes, incident wave amplitudes, frequencies, and propagation directions. The dependencies of the predicted secondary wave growth on primary wave incidence angles are in good agreement. Whereas the sum frequency response is insensitive to the (deep water) spreading angle of the primary waves, the difference frequency (infragravity) response is significantly reduced for large spreading angles. A stochastic formulation of Boussinesq wave shoaling evolution equations is derived on the basis of the closure hypothesis that phase coupling between quartets of wave components is weak. In this approximation the second-and third-order statistics of random, directionally spread shoaling waves are described by a coupled set of evolution equations for the frequency alongshore wavenumber spectrum and bispectrum. It is shown that a smooth overlap with solutions of dispersive finite depth theory exists in the limit of small beach slope and weak nonlinearity. RP Herbers, THC (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,CODE OC-HE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 36 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C9 BP 21101 EP 21114 DI 10.1029/97JC01581 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XX061 UT WOS:A1997XX06100013 ER PT J AU Rumsaeng, V Cruikshank, WW Foster, B Prussin, C Kirshenbaum, AS Davis, TA Kornfeld, H Center, DM Metcalfe, DD AF Rumsaeng, V Cruikshank, WW Foster, B Prussin, C Kirshenbaum, AS Davis, TA Kornfeld, H Center, DM Metcalfe, DD TI Human mast cells produce the CD4(+) T lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, IL-16 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; MARROW PROGENITOR CELLS; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; ATOPIC ASTHMA; IN-VITRO; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; RELEASE; INTERLEUKIN-16; CYTOKINES AB CD4(+) T cell infiltration is known to occur in tissues at sites of mast cell activation. The molecules produced and released by mast cells that account for this lymphocyte accumulation are poorly characterized. Here we report that a CD4(+) T cell chemoattractant cytokine, IL-16, is stored preformed in bone marrow-cultured human mast cells and a human mast cell line, HMC-1, as demonstrated by intracytoplasmic cytokine staining and flow cytometry, and in human lung mast cells, as detected by immunohistochemistry. In response to the anaphylatoxin, C5a, or to PMA treatment, IL-16 mRNA transcripts detected by Northern blot analysis in HMC-1 cells increased 6- to 10-fold. HMC-1 cell lysates and activated supernatants contained IL-16 protein, as demonstrated by both ELISA and in vitro lymphocyte chemotaxis assays, the latter of which was blocked 59 to 88% by the addition of neutralizing Ab to recombinant human IL-16. IL-16 bioactivity was detected in the supernatants 2 to 4 h after PMA or C5a activation, and this activity remained elevated through 24 h. The capacity of human mast cells to synthesize and release biologically active IL-16 provides a possible link between mast cell activation and the accumulation of T cells in mast cell-dependent inflammation, thus amplifying the immune response and perpetuating the pathologic process. C1 NIAID,LAB ALLERG DIS,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,CTR PULM,BOSTON,MA 02118. USN,MED RES INST,STEM CELL BIOL BRANCH,IMMUNE CELL BIOL PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. OI Prussin, Calman/0000-0002-3917-3326 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI35680] NR 30 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 6 BP 2904 EP 2910 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XV750 UT WOS:A1997XV75000045 PM 9300714 ER PT J AU Sundar, RA Keller, TM AF Sundar, RA Keller, TM TI Linear diacetylene polymers containing bis(dimethylsilyl) phenyl and/or bis(tetramethyldisiloxane)carborane residues: Their synthesis, characterization and thermal and oxidative properties SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE inorganic-organic hybrid; diacetylene; silicon; boron; thermooxidative stability ID PYROLYSIS AB A series of inorganic-organic linear diacetylenic hybrid polymers (5a-e) were prepared by the polycondensation reaction of 1,4-dilithiobutadiyne with 1,4-bis(dimethylchlorosilyl)benzene and/or 1,7-bis(tetramethylchlorodisiloxane)-m-carborane. Their structures were characterized using FTIR, and C-13 and H-1 NMR spectroscopies, and their thermal and oxidative properties were evaluated by DSC and TGA analyses. The hybrid polymers exhibited solubility in common organic solvents and were viscous liquids or low melting solids at room temperature. Broad prominent exotherms, attributed to reaction of the diacetylenic units, were observed by DSC in the 306 degrees C to 354 degrees C temperature range. When 5a-e were analyzed by TGA to 1000 degrees C under nitrogen, weight retention between 79 and 86% were obtained. Ageing studies, performed at elevated temperatures in air on a thermoset and a ceramic obtained from polymer 5b, showed this system to have excellent thermal and oxidative stability. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN,RES LAB,MAT CHEM BRANCH,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2387 EP 2394 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19970915)35:12<2387::AID-POLA8>3.0.CO;2-S PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XN896 UT WOS:A1997XN89600008 ER PT J AU Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP Goldberg, L AF Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP Goldberg, L TI Narrow-band, tunable, semiconductor-laser-based source for deep-UV absorption spectroscopy SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; NO; NM AB Tunable, narrow-bandwidth (<200-MHz), similar to 215-nm radiation was produced by frequency quadrupling the similar to 860-nm output of a high-power, pulsed GaAlAs tapered amplifier seeded by an external-cavity diode laser. Pulsing the amplifier increased the 860 nm --> 215 nm conversion efficiency by 2 orders of magnitude with respect to cw operation. Detection of nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide by high-resolution absorption spectroscopy was demonstrated. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Kliner, DAV (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 18 BP 1418 EP 1420 DI 10.1364/OL.22.001418 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA XX733 UT WOS:A1997XX73300016 PM 18188256 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Becklehimer, JL AF Pandey, RB Becklehimer, JL TI A lattice gas approach to shock propagation in a clay-like deformable porous medium SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; DYNAMICS; FLUID; HYDRODYNAMICS; PERMEABILITY; MODELS; WAVES AB A three-component interacting lattice gas model is introduced to study the shock propagation in a porous medium consisting of clay-like pore barriers, fluid particles, and empty sites to represent air and other constituents. An attractive potential between the clay particles is considered to generate a soft porous matrix containing fluid in the pores. The mobility of the clay and fluid particles can be varied as well as their concentrations to capture the details of different porous systems. A collision scheme is implemented with appropriate energy dissipation. We restrict to a square lattice and consider a line of shock. The velocity gradient caused by the shock drives the fluid and clay particles. Unusually superfast power-law behavior is observed for the rms displacements of the fluid and clay particles in this velocity-field-driven system; the power-law exponents seem to depend on details such as mass of the particles and their energy dissipation. We find that the propagation and attenuation of the shock front depend strongly on the type of particles, rigidity of the clay-matrix and its porosity. Various general features are observed such as smearing of the shock front with non-linear propagation and evolution of the velocity and density profiles in both fluid within the pores as well as the clay matrix as the shock propagates. C1 UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,COMP SCI PROGRAM,HATTIESBURG,MS 39406. USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HATTIESBURG,MS 39406, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 243 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00280-X PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XZ540 UT WOS:A1997XZ54000003 ER PT J AU Pickett, WE AF Pickett, WE TI Effect of uniaxial strains on the electronic structure of YBa2Cu3O7 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; EXTENDED VANHOVE SINGULARITY; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; FERMI-SURFACE; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; TC; SR2RUO4 AB Local density approximation calculations of changes in the electronic structure of YBa2Cu3O7 under unaxial strain in each of the three orthorhombic directions are reported. Results are correlated viith known values of the uniaxial strain dependencies dT(c)/de(alpha) (alpha = x, y, z) of the superconducting critical temperature T-c. which are large and of opposite sign for strains within the (a) over cap-(b) over cap plane containing the CuO2 layers (i.e. strong non-tetragonality), and an order of magnitude smaller for (c) over cap-axis strain. The uniaxal strain dependencies of internal strains, zone center A(g) phonon frequencies, band structure, density of states, and charge transfer are obtained for finite (2%) strains. Internal strains show strong non-tetragonaiity, and the frequency of the highest A(g) mode is highly sensitive to (b) over cap-axis strain. Charge transfer between the chains and the layers is found to be negligible in comparison to the charge rearrangements within the layers themselves, which have a strong dipolar character and are directed oppositely for (a) over cap and (b) over cap-axis strains. This charge redistribution, which alters the Madelung potentials within the CuO2 layer and the ratio of Cu2 and O2, O3 character of states at the Fermi surface, is the most notable feature that correlates positively with the values of dT(c)/d(a), and dT(c)/d epsilon(b). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Pickett, WE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,CODE 6604,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01602-X PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YF387 UT WOS:A1997YF38700004 ER PT J AU Yu, WY Stoltz, S Petrou, A Warnock, J Jonker, BT AF Yu, WY Stoltz, S Petrou, A Warnock, J Jonker, BT TI Metastable excitons in ZnSe/Zn1-xFexSe quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR AB We present an optical (reflectance and photoluminescence) study of metastable excitons in ZnSe/Zn1-xFexSe quantum-well structures. These states asr associated with the type-II (-1/2, -3/2) ground state exciton of the system. The metastable excitons are formed because the Coulomb attraction of the m(j)=-1/2 electron tends to localize the m(j)=-3/2 hole in the vicinity of the electron. This complex breaks apart as the temperature increases, and the system returns to its ground state in which the m(j)=-1/2 electron and the m(j)=-3/2 hole as segregated. C1 IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Yu, WY (reprint author), SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT PHYS,BUFFALO,NY 14260, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 11 BP 6862 EP 6867 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.6862 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XY806 UT WOS:A1997XY80600074 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS AF Uhm, HS TI Influence of vacuum space on formation of potential sheath in plasmas SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB Properties of potential sheaths developed in plasmas are investigated in terms of the plasma Debye length and the dimension of vacuum space. Biased plasma potential and the potential profile depend very sensitively on the geometrical configuration of plasma and vacuum space. The potential sheath is never developed near electrodes in high-density plasmas where the Debye length is much less than the dimension of the vacuum space. In this case, most of the potential drops occur in the vacuum space and almost no electric field exists inside the plasma. Parametric investigation of the potential sheath in terms of the vacuum-space and plasma dimensions is carried out. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,CODE 682,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 234 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00521-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XY808 UT WOS:A1997XY80800008 ER PT J AU Barton, O AF Barton, O TI The natural frequency of rectangular symmetric angle-ply laminates resting on an elastic foundation SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Letter ID PLATES RP Barton, O (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21902, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD SEP 11 PY 1997 VL 206 IS 1 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA XX652 UT WOS:A1997XX65200011 ER PT J AU Hertz, P Wood, KS Cominsky, LR AF Hertz, P Wood, KS Cominsky, LR TI Eclipse timings of the low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-676 .2. Detection of an apparent orbital period change and of orbital period noise SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, eclipsing; stars, individual; EXO 0748-676; X-rays, stars ID CLOSE BINARIES; EXO-0748-676; EPHEMERIS; EVOLUTION; LIMITS; GINGA; STARS AB The rare eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-676 has now been monitored accurately for over a decade in the hope of detecting orbital period evolution. We report observations of 10 complete eclipses at resolution less than 0.1 s with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer during 1996 May and 1996 August. We have timed the eclipses with an accuracy limited by photon statistics to 0.2-0.5 s. When combined with historical measurements, the eclipse timings imply an unexpectedly large orbital period derivative, (P) over dot(orb) = 3.3 x 10(-11), and a rapid timescale for orbital evolution, tau(orb) = 1.3 x 10(7) yr. The observations also require considerable intrinsic jitter in the mideclipse timings; a maximum likelihood estimate is 0.15 s per orbital cycle. We consider various models and scenarios that might account for these unexpected results. C1 SONOMA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, ROHNERT PK, CA 94928 USA. RP Hertz, P (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, CODE 7621, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 2 BP 1000 EP 1005 DI 10.1086/304550 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX173 UT WOS:A1997XX17300033 ER PT J AU Augusteijn, T Greiner, J Kouveliotou, C VanParadijs, J Lidman, C Blanco, P Fishman, GJ Briggs, MS Kommers, J Rutledge, R Lewin, WHG Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Vrba, FJ Hurley, K AF Augusteijn, T Greiner, J Kouveliotou, C VanParadijs, J Lidman, C Blanco, P Fishman, GJ Briggs, MS Kommers, J Rutledge, R Lewin, WHG Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Vrba, FJ Hurley, K TI ROSAT position of GRO J1744-28 and search for its near-infrared counterpart SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars, individual (GRO J1744-28); stars, neutron; X-rays, stars ID DISCOVERY AB We report the detection with ROSAT of a transient X-ray source at R.A. 17(h)44(m)33.(s)1 and decl. -28 degrees 44'29'' (J2000), which we identify with the transient bursting pulsar GRO J1744-28. We have made K-band observations of the X-ray source at ESO and the US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station. A K-band counterpart of this transient previously identified by us on an image taken 1996 February 8 by Bianco et al. is found to be detected during only two (of seven) short exposures of which this image is composed. We cannot definitely reject the reality of this variable object but feel that it is not possible to rule out an instrumental effect. The lack of a persistent K-band counterpart of GRO J1744-28 is consistent with the idea that the low-energy emission from this object is dominated by reprocessing of X-rays in an accretion disk. C1 MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,D-85740 GARCHING,GERMANY. UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,COLUMBIA,MD 21044. ASTRON INST ANTON PANNEKOEK,NL-1098 SJ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM,CTR HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS,NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PHYS,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35805. MIT,CTR SPACE RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. USN OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Augusteijn, T (reprint author), EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,CASILLA 19001,SANTIAGO 19,CHILE. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 2 BP 1013 EP 1018 DI 10.1086/304567 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX173 UT WOS:A1997XX17300035 ER PT J AU Dong, RR Katz, J Huang, TT AF Dong, RR Katz, J Huang, TT TI On the structure of bow waves on a ship model SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-SURFACE; DEEP-WATER; BREAKING; FLOW; BREAKERS AB Particle image velocitmetry (PIV) measurements and free-surface visualizations around a ship model focus on the flow within the attached liquid sheet, upstream of the point at which the bow wave separates from the model, the origin and structure of the bow wave and the flow downstream of the wave crest. The measurements are performed at Reynolds numbers ranging between 2.8 x 10(6) and 7.4 x 10(6) and Froude numbers between 0.17 and 0.45 (both are based on ship length L). Representative velocity and vorticity distributions at Fr-L = 0.28 and Fr-L = 0.45 demonstrate the characteristic structure of mild and steep waves, respectively. Very close to the bow the attached sheet is thin and quite unsteady. With increasing distance from the nose the sheet becomes thicker and its development involves considerable vorticity production. In the mild case this vorticity is originated at the free surface, whereas in the steep wave case, boundary layer separation occurs on the model, which also transports vorticity into the sheet. This vorticity and its associated induced lateral flow remain near the model downstream of the bow wave. By calculating the acceleration component tangent to the free surface of the sheet it is shown that the peaks in the near-surface vorticity appear in regions with high viscous flux of vorticity from the surface. Formation of a bow wave also involves considerable production of vorticity. Similar to two-dimensional breakers, the primary origin of this vorticity is at the toe of the breaker. However, unlike the two-dimensional eases, the region containing vorticity in the ship wave does not appear as an extended shear layer. Instead, this vorticity is convected out of the plane of the laser sheet in a series of distinct vortex filaments. The ship wave also has powerful counter-rotating vorticity concentrated near the wave crest that has been observed in two-dimensional waves, but not of the same strength. Breaking becomes weaker, i.e. there is less vorticity production, with increasing distance from the model, but it persists even at the 'tail' of the bow wave. The sites of vorticity entrainment of both signs are consistent with the computed near-surface acceleration. Estimates of the three-dimensional velocity distribution and head losses within the wave are also provided. C1 NSWC,CARDEROCK DIV,BETHESDA,MD 20084. RP Dong, RR (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 346 BP 77 EP 115 DI 10.1017/S0022112097005946 PG 39 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA XY059 UT WOS:A1997XY05900004 ER PT J AU Spector, MS Selinger, JV Schnur, JM AF Spector, MS Selinger, JV Schnur, JM TI Thermodynamics of phospholipid tubules in alcohol/water solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; LIPID TUBULES; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; TRANSITION; LENGTH AB Circular dichroism and calorimetry have been used to study the melting of self-assembled phospholipid tubules in alcohol/water solutions. The tubules are found to melt either-continuously or discontinuously, depending on the type of alcohol, the alcohol/water ratio, and the lipid concentration. At high proportions of alcohol and low lipid concentrations, the ellipticity continuously decreases with temperature and a very broad peak in the specific heat is observed. In solutions with lower proportions of alcohol or large lipid concentrations, a large drop in ellipticity is accompanied by a sharp peak in the specific heat when the acyl chains disorder. The CD and specific heat measurements can be explained in terms of two distinct thermodynamic processes: the discontinuous melting is a first-order transition of the lipid bilayers from the ordered L-alpha phase to the disordered L, phase, while the continuous melting reflects an increase in the lipid solubility with temperature. These results show that the solvent has an important effect on the thermodynamics of lipid tubules, and that circular dichroism is a sensitive probe of tubule thermodynamics. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,CODE 6900,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 36 BP 8533 EP 8539 DI 10.1021/ja9716665 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XV700 UT WOS:A1997XV70000017 ER PT J AU VanVechten, D Wood, KS Fritz, GG Horwitz, JS Daly, GM Thrasher, JB Photiadis, DM Ding, J Pinto, JF Blamire, MG Burnell, G Gyulamiryan, AL Vartanyan, VH Akopyan, RB Gulian, AM AF VanVechten, D Wood, KS Fritz, GG Horwitz, JS Daly, GM Thrasher, JB Photiadis, DM Ding, J Pinto, JF Blamire, MG Burnell, G Gyulamiryan, AL Vartanyan, VH Akopyan, RB Gulian, AM TI Voltage responses to optical pulses of unbiased normal and superconducting samples SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA AB The direct transformation of the energy of an incident high-energy photon into a measurable potential difference within an absorbing metal is investigated. Experimental evidence is presented that the effect arises from the inherent energy dependence of the electronic density of states, rather than from a simple temperature excursion. The similarities between the results on Al and YBa2Cu3O7 samples indicate that the effect is universal in nature. We assert it may be used as the basis of a fast, energy resolving, individual photon detector for the ultraviolet radiation and x-rays. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. ARMENIAN ACAD SCI,INST PHYS RES,ASHTARAK 378410,ARMENIA. RP VanVechten, D (reprint author), OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217, USA. RI Burnell, Gavin/C-8950-2009 OI Burnell, Gavin/0000-0002-9486-0639 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1415 EP 1417 DI 10.1063/1.119910 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XU889 UT WOS:A1997XU88900045 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ ORourke, VM AF Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ ORourke, VM TI Viscoelastic properties of amorphous polymers .7. Changes of the anomalous behavior of low molecular weight polystyrene with the addition of a diluent SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SEGMENTAL CHAIN DYNAMICS; TIME-SCALE SHIFTS; TERMINAL DISPERSIONS; CONDUCTIVITY SPECTRA; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FORMING SYSTEMS; ION DYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE AB Torsional shear measurements of the recoverable creep compliance of a 54.7% solution of a narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene of low molecular weight, 4000, in tri-m-tolyl phosphate are reported as a function of temperature, near and above the glass temperature. Time-temperature superposition of the experimental data is found to be impossible. In fact the steady-state recoverable compliance, J(s), decreases with decreasing temperature as in undiluted low molecular weight polystyrene and other polymers. However, compared with the recoverable compliance data obtained previously in an undiluted polystyrene sample with a comparable molecular weight of 3400, J(s) is a significantly weaker function of temperature. Furthermore, the large difference between the temperature dependences of the local segmental retardation time tau(alpha)*, and eta J(s) observed in the bulk polymer is significantly reduced when the polymer is diluted by TCP. As a consequence, the separation between log tau(alpha)* and log(nJ(s)), is drastically reduced. These changes of the viscoelastic anomalies of low molecular weight polystyrene when diluted by a lower T-g solvent are shown to be consistent with the predictions of the coupling model. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 8 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 18 BP 5450 EP 5456 DI 10.1021/ma9613603 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XV577 UT WOS:A1997XV57700036 ER PT J AU Taylor, RJ Velikovich, AL Dahlburg, JP Gardner, JH AF Taylor, RJ Velikovich, AL Dahlburg, JP Gardner, JH TI Saturation of laser imprint on ablatively driven plastic targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; GROWTH; PLASMA; BEAM; FUSION; FOILS AB The imprinting of areal density perturbations on thick planar plastic targets has been studied numerically and analytically. Simulations predict that the target modulation saturates while still in a small-amplitude regime. General scaling laws relating saturation times and amplitudes to mean laser drive and wavelength, and perturbation amplitude and wavelength, are summarized from the simulations. A linear gasdynamic model is used to study the physical mechanisms responsible for the saturation, and provides strong evidence that mass ablation is the dominant stabilizing influence. C1 BERKELEY RES ASSOCIATES INC,SPRINGFIELD,VA 22150. USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USN,RES LAB,LCP&FD,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Taylor, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1861 EP 1864 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1861 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XV012 UT WOS:A1997XV01200020 ER PT J AU Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC AF Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC TI Ultrafast photochemistry of the S-2 state of acetone and dynamics of the acetyl radical. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012; Lee, Yuan-Pern/F-7938-2012 OI Lee, Yuan-Pern/0000-0001-6418-7378 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 34 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900552 ER PT J AU Mera, AE Fox, RB Bullock, S Wynne, KJ AF Mera, AE Fox, RB Bullock, S Wynne, KJ TI Surface properties of poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,MAT CHEM BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. OFF NAVAL RES,PHYS SCI S&T DIV,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 45 EP MACR PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901718 ER PT J AU Singh, A AF Singh, A TI Formation of self-assembling structures by interaction between complementary molecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 54 EP MTLS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901785 ER PT J AU Grueneberg, KA Shenoy, DK Naciri, J Kakarla, UK Shashidhar, RN AF Grueneberg, KA Shenoy, DK Naciri, J Kakarla, UK Shashidhar, RN TI A new photoalignmemt technique for uniform liquid crystal alignment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 75 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900593 ER PT J AU BashirHashemi, A Gelbert, N Gilardi, R AF BashirHashemi, A Gelbert, N Gilardi, R TI Novel reactions of amidocubanes and acetylcubane with oxalyl chloride. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GEOCENTERS INC,ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806. USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 120 EP ORGN PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900120 ER PT J AU Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Calvert, JM Chen, MS Dressick, WJ McElvany, S Nelson, HH AF Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Calvert, JM Chen, MS Dressick, WJ McElvany, S Nelson, HH TI 193 nm photochemistry of chloromethylphenyl silane film and application to surface-imaging lithography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 121 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901383 ER PT J AU Cronce, DT Brown, RP AF Cronce, DT Brown, RP TI Prediction of toxicities and physical properties of organophosphorus pesticide acetylcholinesterase inhibitors using theoretical descriptors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CHEM BIO SYST ANAL BRANCH B51,DAHLGREN,VA 22448. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 122 EP COMP PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701321 ER PT J AU Thompson, CA Russell, TP Concha, MC Politzer, P AF Thompson, CA Russell, TP Concha, MC Politzer, P TI Comparing quantum chemical calculations for azetidine strained ring compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 125 EP COMP PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701324 ER PT J AU Kozikowski, AP Qiao, LX Wang, SM George, C Lewin, NE Blumberg, PM AF Kozikowski, AP Qiao, LX Wang, SM George, C Lewin, NE Blumberg, PM TI Synthesis, modeling and bioactivity of a new class of PKC modulators SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DRUG DISCOVERY LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NCI,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 130 EP MEDI PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85702589 ER PT J AU Kelly, JR Antonucci, M AF Kelly, JR Antonucci, M TI Processing and properties of interpenetrating-phase composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN,SCH DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 147 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901081 ER PT J AU Stuart, SJ Berne, BJ AF Stuart, SJ Berne, BJ TI Molecular dynamics simulation of ionic solvation at curved and planar interfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 175 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900692 ER PT J AU Mehl, PM Dancis, R Hey, JM AF Mehl, PM Dancis, R Hey, JM TI Microsegregation of solute during ice crystallization in polyol aqueous solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED RES INST,CRYOBIOPHYS SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20889. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 275 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900790 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ StengerSmith, JD Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA AF Roberts, MJ StengerSmith, JD Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA TI Nonlinear optical accordion polymers in heterolayer Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,NAVAL AIR WARFARE CTR WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 312 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900826 ER PT J AU Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Zarras, P Hollins, RA StengerSmith, JD Chafin, AP Yee, R Wynne, KJ AF Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Zarras, P Hollins, RA StengerSmith, JD Chafin, AP Yee, R Wynne, KJ TI Nonlinear optical films from alternating polycation and polyanion aqueous solution deposition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,NAVAL AIR WARFARE CTR WEAPONS DIV,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 313 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900827 ER PT J AU Singh, A Markowitz, MA Puranik, DB AF Singh, A Markowitz, MA Puranik, DB TI Metal ion assisted formation of molecular assemblies from diacetylenic phospholipids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 356 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900870 ER PT J AU Dufrene, YF Barger, WR Green, JBD Lee, GU AF Dufrene, YF Barger, WR Green, JBD Lee, GU TI Nanometer-scale surface properties of mixed phospholipid monolayers and bilayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Letter ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BILAYERS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BILAYERS; CHAIN-LENGTH; RESOLUTION; PHASE; MOLECULES; MEMBRANES AB Mixed distearoylphosphatidylethanol amine (DSPE) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) monolayers and bilayers have been deposited on mica using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, as a model system for biomembranes. Investigation with atomic force microscopy revealed phase-separation for both monolayers in air and bilayers in water in the form of microscopic DSPE domains embedded in a DOPE matrix. For the monolayers in air, the step height measured between the higher DSPE phase and the lower DOPE phase was larger than expected from the molecular lengths, and a significant contrast in adhesion and friction was observed despite identical lipid end groups. This unexpected behavior resulted primarily from a difference in the film mechanical properties, the DOPE phase being inelastically deformed by the probe. For the bilayers in water, similar trends were found in terms of height, adhesion, and friction, but an additional short-range repulsive hydration/steric force over the DSPE phase contributed to the observed differences. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL,COLUMBUS CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 56 TC 194 Z9 196 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 3 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 18 BP 4779 EP 4784 DI 10.1021/la970221r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA XU706 UT WOS:A1997XU70600002 ER PT J AU Turner, DC Testoff, MA Conrad, DW Gaber, BP AF Turner, DC Testoff, MA Conrad, DW Gaber, BP TI Enzymatic hydrolysis of a chemisorbed peptide film using beads activated with covalently bound chymotrypsin SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMMOBILIZED ALPHA-CHYMOTRYPSIN; INTERFACE; ASSAY AB Silica and polyacrylamide microspheres were modified with chemisorbed chymotrypsin and used to enzymatically hydrolyze a peptide thin film which was covalently bound to a flat silica surface. Chymotrypsin was covalently cross-linked to 500 nm silica spherical beads and 30-50 mu m polyacrylamide spherical beads and shown to be enzymatically active against thin films of a fluorescent peptide, succinyl-ala-ala-phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (SAAP-AMC), and an unlabeled peptide, t-BOC-phe. SAAP-AMC and t-BOC-phe were covalently coupled to an aminosilane film on silica and aluminum substrates through an amide linkage. Control experiments showed that free chymotrypsin in solution was able to hydrolyze the amide bond between the phenylalanine and the AMC groups of the chemisorbed peptide, resulting in the release of the AMC group into solution. When they were placed into contact with the SAAP-AMC surface, the chymotrypsin-modified beads also hydrolyzed the phe-AMC bond and released AMC into solution, demonstrating that covalently immobilized enzymes can be used to hydrolyze immobilized organic thin films. The hydrolytic activity of the chymotrypsin beads was also confirmed for a second peptide film, t-BOC-phe, by external reflectance IR spectroscopy. C1 USN,RES LAB,LAB BIOSENSORS & BIOMAT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Turner, DC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,LAB MOL INTERFACIAL INTERACT,CODE 6930,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 3 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 18 BP 4855 EP 4860 DI 10.1021/la970324+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA XU706 UT WOS:A1997XU70600017 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TX Oh, CK Sinkovits, RS Anderson, JD Oran, ES AF Nguyen, TX Oh, CK Sinkovits, RS Anderson, JD Oran, ES TI Simulations of high Knudsen number flows in a channel-wedge configuration SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A rarefied hypersonic how through a channel containing a wedge is simulated using the combined direct simulation Monte Carlo and monotonic Lagrangian grid methodologies on the massively parallel Connection Machine. Numerical issues related to the effects of resolution in terms of the simulated to actual particle ratio and the use of time averaging to obtain a statistically converged solution are discussed, Because the how is rarefied, important aerodynamic features are diffuse compared to what is expected in a continuum flow. For example, the reattachment shock behind the trailing edge of the wedge degenerates into a diffuse viscous layer, Other low density effects include the velocity slip, which peaks near the leading edges where the density is low, and the temperature jump of the gas adjacent to the solid surfaces, which is highest at the entrance of the channel and decreases farther downstream. The calculated skin friction and heat transfer agree well with the Reynolds analogy for boundary-layer flow. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Nguyen, TX (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,LAB COMPUTAT PHYS & FLUID DYNAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1486 EP 1492 DI 10.2514/2.272 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XU227 UT WOS:A1997XU22700007 ER PT J AU Le, TP Tribble, DR Zhou, SYJ Malone, L Chung, RC Rusnak, JM Wagner, KF AF Le, TP Tribble, DR Zhou, SYJ Malone, L Chung, RC Rusnak, JM Wagner, KF TI Clinical significance of discordant CD4 count and CD4 percentage in HIV-infected individuals SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; AIDS; ENUMERATION; SPLENECTOMY; NUMBER; COHORT C1 MIL MED CONSORTIUM APPL RETROVIRAL RES, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DIV INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD USA. RP Le, TP (reprint author), USN, MED RES INST, MALARIA PROGRAM, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1997 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1395 EP 1396 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XU629 UT WOS:A1997XU62900016 PM 9302451 ER PT J AU Case, SL Hennrikus, WL AF Case, SL Hennrikus, WL TI Surgical treatment of displaced medial epicondyle fractures in adolescent athletes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Society-of-Military-Orthopaedic-Surgeons Annual Meeting CY DEC, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Mil Orthopaed Surgeons ID HUMERAL EPICONDYLE; AVULSION; ELBOW AB Eight adolescent athletes (average age, 11 years; range, 9 to 15) underwent open reduction and internal fixation of acute, displaced medial epicondyle fractures, Fixation was achieved with a screw and washer. Four patients (50%) had associated elbow dislocations, Elbow motion in a brace was initiated 4 days after surgery, The brace allowed full flexion and extension but protected the elbow against valgus stress. Bracing was continued for 4 weeks. The average duration of followup was 10 months (range, 6 to 13), All fractures united, and full motion was achieved in seven patients, One patient lost 5 degrees of hyperextension compared with the opposite elbow, All eight elbows were stable to valgus stress and were pain-free, All patients returned to full sports activity. C1 USN HOSP,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG & CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 682 EP 686 DI 10.1177/036354659702500516 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA XW724 UT WOS:A1997XW72400016 PM 9302476 ER PT J AU Madison, RD AF Madison, RD TI Nelson Resartus: Legitimate order in Cooper's fleet novel SO AMERICAN NEPTUNE LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Madison, RD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEABODY MUSEUM PI SALEM PA E INDIA MARINE HALL, SALEM, MA 01970 USA SN 0003-0155 J9 AM NEPTUNE JI Am. Neptune PD FAL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 331 EP 334 PG 4 WC History SC History GA YV330 UT WOS:000071812400005 ER PT J AU Madison, RD AF Madison, RD TI Cooper and the sea: A bibliographical note SO AMERICAN NEPTUNE LA English DT Bibliography C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Madison, RD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEABODY MUSEUM PI SALEM PA E INDIA MARINE HALL, SALEM, MA 01970 USA SN 0003-0155 J9 AM NEPTUNE JI Am. Neptune PD FAL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 371 EP 372 PG 2 WC History SC History GA YV330 UT WOS:000071812400010 ER PT J AU Hunter, WR Seely, JF Kowalski, MP Rife, JC Barbee, TW AF Hunter, WR Seely, JF Kowalski, MP Rife, JC Barbee, TW TI Grazing-incidence efficiencies in the 28-42-angstrom wavelength region of replicas of the Skylab 3600-line/mm concave grating with multilayer and gold coatings SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; PERFORMANCE; DIFFRACTION AB The efficiencies of replicas of the Skylab 3600-line/mm concave grating with multilayer and gold coatings were measured by using synchrotron radiation at an angle of incidence of 79 degrees and in the 28-42-Angstrom wavelength range. The blaze angle of the grating facets that faced the incident radiation was 3.1 degrees, and the average angle of the opposite facets was 6 degrees. For the gold grating, the -1 outside order had the highest efficiency of any diffracted order (excluding the zero order) over the entire wavelength range. Calculations of the grating efficiency indicated that the high efficiency in the -1 order resulted from the rather small angle (6 degrees) of the facets opposite the incident radiation. For the multilayer grating, the efficiency in the on-blaze +2 inside order was enhanced in the 30-34-Angstrom wavelength region as a result of the high reflectance of the multilayer coating. The maximum efficiency in the +2 order occurred at the wavelength (32 Angstrom) corresponding to the peak of the reflectance of the multilayer coating on the facets facing the incident radiation. These results further demonstrate that a multilayer coating can be used to enhance the efficiency, in a selected wavelength range and in the on-blaze order, of a grating operating at a small grazing angle (11 degrees). (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Hunter, WR (reprint author), SFA INC,LARGO,MD 20774, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 25 BP 6411 EP 6415 DI 10.1364/AO.36.006411 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA XT925 UT WOS:A1997XT92500035 PM 18259498 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, K Lemaire, P Feldman, U Hollandt, J Schuhle, U Curdt, W AF Wilhelm, K Lemaire, P Feldman, U Hollandt, J Schuhle, U Curdt, W TI Radiometric calibration of SUMER: refinement of the laboratory results under operational conditions on SOHO SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE solar and stellar spectroscopy; vacuum ultraviolet; radiometry ID TELESCOPE AB The radiometric calibration of the solar telescope and spectrometer SUMER was carried out in the laboratory before delivery of the instrument for integration into the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft. Although this effort led to a reasonable coverage of the wavelength range fi-om 53.70 to 146.96 nm, uncalibrated portions of the sensitivity curves remained before SUMER became operational in early 1996. Thereafter it was possible to perform extrapolations and interpolations of the calibration cut-yes of detector A to shorter, longer, and intermediate wavelengths by using emission line pairs with known intensity ratios. The spectra of the stars alpha and rho Leonis were also observed on the KBr (potassium bromide) photocathode and the bare microchannel plate (MCP) in the range from 120 to 158 nm. In addition, the sensitivity ratios of the KBr photocathode to the bare MCP were determined for many solar Lines as well as the I-I I Lyman and the thermal continua. The results have been found to be consistent with published laboratory data. The uncertainty is +/-15% (I sigma) in the wavelength range I from 54 to 125 nm. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 UNIV PARIS 11,CNRS,INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,D-10587 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP Wilhelm, K (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014 NR 10 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 25 BP 6416 EP 6422 DI 10.1364/AO.36.006416 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA XT925 UT WOS:A1997XT92500036 PM 18259499 ER PT J AU Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA Dudenhoeffer, DD AF Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA Dudenhoeffer, DD TI Failure, repair and replacement analysis of a navy subsystem: Case study of a pump SO APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS AND DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis CY JUN 12-15, 1995 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND DE reliability; age-replacement policy; non-homogeneous Poisson process; minimal repair ID MINIMAL REPAIR; SYSTEMS AB An age-replacement policy may be used to minimize the cost of replacement and repair of a system whose rate of repairable failures increases with age. In this paper we model the failure times before replacement of one such system-a pump used on a submarine-by a non-homogeneous Poisson process having log-linear hazard rate which is a function of age. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate model parameters. A renewal-reward process is used to obtain estimates of log-run average costs of age-replacement policies. It should be noted that the policy obtained does not recognize possible between-submarine differences but does acknowledge that noise from a submarine pump is not to be tolerated. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dudenhoeffer, DD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 8755-0024 J9 APPL STOCH MODEL D A JI Appl. Stoch. Model. Data Anal. PD SEP-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 369 EP 376 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA ZQ367 UT WOS:000073854100024 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Investigation of the initial chemisorption and reaction of fluorine (XeF2) with the GaN(0001)-(1x1) surface SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GAF3 FILMS; GAAS; GAN; PHOTOVOLTAGE; ADSORPTION AB X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission and X-ray-excited Auger spectroscopies have been used to study the initial chemisorption and reaction of fluorine (XeF2) with GaN(0001)-(1 X 1) surfaces. An inhomogeneous layer is formed, with a saturation coverage of Theta(F)(sat) approximate to 0.67 monolayers, which is stable up to similar to 550 degrees C. Higher coverages are attained under similar conditions on surfaces damaged by N-ion bombardment. Band bending on the ordered surface is essentially eliminated by chemisorbed F. Ga atoms bonded to two or three F atoms are identified in the fluorinated layer through the appearance of a chemically-shifted satellite in the Ga 3d XPS and of other features associated with GaF3. However, the additional presence of a 'GaF-like' monofluoride and/or N-F bonds cannot be excluded. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6862,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(97)00190-6 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA XY220 UT WOS:A1997XY22000020 ER PT J AU Beckman, TJ AF Beckman, TJ TI A review of decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism SO ARCHIVES OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; AIR-EMBOLISM; BRAIN AB Scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving causes a number of deaths in the United States each year. Decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism are 2 diagnoses that contribute to this mortality. Although most patients who experience decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism go to their primary care physicians for an initial evaluation, few providers have sufficient training in the diagnosis and treatment of these bubble-related diseases. Knowledge of the fundamentals of decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism should help physicians in making accurate diagnoses and in arranging for timely referrals to recompression facilities. C1 USN,MED CLIN,HONOLULU,HI. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1063-3987 J9 ARCH FAM MED JI Arch. Fam. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 5 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.1001/archfami.6.5.491 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XW488 UT WOS:A1997XW48800018 PM 9305695 ER PT J AU Gubler, KD Davis, R Koepsell, T Soderberg, R Maier, RV Rivara, FP AF Gubler, KD Davis, R Koepsell, T Soderberg, R Maier, RV Rivara, FP TI Long-term survival of elderly trauma patients SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; GERIATRIC-PATIENTS; CO-MORBIDITY; VALIDATION; MORTALITY; INDEX; CARE AB Objective: To evaluate the long-term survival and factors that influence survival among a cohort of elderly trauma patients compared with an uninjured cohort. Design: A retrospective cohort analysis. Data Sources: Health Care Finance Administration, Baltimore, Md, Medicare data. Subjects: A cohort of elderly patients (n=9424) hospitalized for injury in 1987 was identified using Medicare hospital discharge abstract data. An uninjured comparison group (n=37 787) was identified from Medicare eligibility files. For injured patients, an Injury Severity Score was generated from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9CM) codes. For both cohorts, preexisting illness was assessed by ICD-9CM codes from Health Care Finance Administration outpatient and inpatient data files for 1986 and 1987. Main Outcome Measures: Relative risk for mortality within 5 years subsequent to injury, adjusted for age, sex, and preexisting illness, using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: The injured cohort had a significantly reduced 5-year survival when compared with the uninjured group (relative risk [RR] = 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-1.77). The lower survival persisted even among patients who survived at least 3 years after injury. Coexisting disease, age, and Injury Severity Score were strong predictors of survival. Conclusions: The adverse effect of trauma on survival in elderly patients is not isolated to the immediate postinjury period, but lasts years after the trauma episode. Further study is required to identify the reasons for this persistent effect of trauma on subsequent survival. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW INJURY PREVENT & RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Gubler, KD (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT SURG,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01-AA-07116]; PHS HHS [R40-CCR-00-2750] NR 25 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 132 IS 9 BP 1010 EP 1014 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA XW196 UT WOS:A1997XW19600018 PM 9301615 ER PT J AU Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Elias, NM Bowers, PF Johnston, KJ Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA Rickard, LJ Hummel, CA White, NM Black, D Denison, CS AF Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Elias, NM Bowers, PF Johnston, KJ Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Pauls, TA Rickard, LJ Hummel, CA White, NM Black, D Denison, CS TI Multichannel optical aperture synthesis imaging of zeta(1) Ursae Majoris with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; STARS AB We have used the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) to obtain the first multichannel optical aperture synthesis images of a star. We observed the spectroscopic binary zeta(1) Ursae Majoris at 6 to 10 milliarcseconds separation during seven nights, using three interferometric baselines and 19 spectral channels (lambda lambda 520-850 nm) of the NPOI. After editing, a typical 90 sec scan yielded fringe visibilities at 50 spatial frequencies and closure phases at 15 wavelengths. Three to five scans were obtained each night. The separations and position angles are in good agreement with the visual orbit obtained with the Mark III interferometer (Hummel et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 376) but show small systematic difference that can be used to improve the orbit. The closure phase data provide a sensitive measure of the magnitude difference between the components. These results demonstrate the power of broad-band interferometric observations for fast imaging and the utility of vacuum delay lines for simultaneous observations over a wide band. These observations are the first to produce simultaneous visibilities and closure phases with a separate-aperture optical interferometer, and the second to produce closure phase images, following the results from COAST reported by Baldwin et al. (1996, A&A, 306, L13). The angular resolution here is the highest ever achieved at visual wavelengths, exceeding by an order of magnitude the best thus far achieved by any single-aperture optical telescope. We generated complex visibilities and closure phases (the data types commonly used in radio interferometry) from the optical data and used standard radio interferometry techniques to produce these images. However, the fundamental observables of optical interferometry, the squared visibility amplitude and the closure phase, require the development of new analysis techniques. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392. USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,CODE 7210,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. LOWELL OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1221 EP 1226 DI 10.1086/118554 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XU632 UT WOS:A1997XU63200034 ER PT J AU Maisack, M Grove, JE Kendziorra, E Kretschmar, P Staubert, R Strickman, MS AF Maisack, M Grove, JE Kendziorra, E Kretschmar, P Staubert, R Strickman, MS TI Pulse phase spectroscopy of A 0535+26 during its 1994 giant outburst observed with OSSE SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: magnetic fields; stars: neutron; gamma-rays: observations ID NEUTRON STARS; SPECTRA; ABSORPTION; A0535+26 AB We present pulse phase spectroscopy of A 0535+26 in the energy range 35-200 keV from OSSE observations of its giant outburst in 1994. We discuss the phase dependence of the continuum parameters and the cyclotron resonance feature (CRF) at 110 keV already found in the phase averaged spectrum. We find that a CRF is required at every phase. The behaviour of the line parameters with phase and the pulse shape indicate that the emission occurs in a pencil-beam geometry. C1 USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Maisack, M (reprint author), UNIV TUBINGEN, INST ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, ABT ASTRON, D-72076 TUBINGEN, GERMANY. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 325 IS 1 BP 212 EP 216 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XV265 UT WOS:A1997XV26500025 ER PT J AU Kniffen, DA Alberts, WCK Bertsch, DL Dingus, BL Esposito, JA Fichtel, CE Foster, RS Hartman, RC Hunter, SD Kanbach, G Lin, YC Mattox, JR MayerHasselwander, HA Michelson, PF vonMontigny, C Mukherjee, R Nolan, PL Paredes, JM Ray, PS Schneid, EJ Sreekumar, P Tavani, M Thompson, DJ AF Kniffen, DA Alberts, WCK Bertsch, DL Dingus, BL Esposito, JA Fichtel, CE Foster, RS Hartman, RC Hunter, SD Kanbach, G Lin, YC Mattox, JR MayerHasselwander, HA Michelson, PF vonMontigny, C Mukherjee, R Nolan, PL Paredes, JM Ray, PS Schneid, EJ Sreekumar, P Tavani, M Thompson, DJ TI EGRET observations of the gamma-ray source 2CG 135+01 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays, observations ID LSI +61-DEGREES-303; COS-B; PULSAR AB The COS B source 2CG 135+01 has been observed by the EGRET instrument on 10 different occasions during the first similar to 52 months of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory mission. The source is detected in all but one of the observations. For that one, the exposure was inadequate. The only likely source that is spatially coincident with the gamma-ray position is the radio source GT 0236+610/LS I +61.303 degrees. However, there is no compelling evidence for time variations in the gamma-ray emission associated with the radio outbursts from GT 0236+610. Spectral determinations on a timescale of a few days also give no strong evidence for a spectral variation associated with the radio emission of GT 0236+610. Such fluctuations might be expected based on models involving a compact object in an elliptical binary orbit about a massive star. The search for correlations simultaneous with the 8.4 GHz radio outbursts were supported by coordinated observations with the Madrid Deep Space Network during one of the exposures and by Green Bank Interferometer observations on two others. Although there is some possible variability in the gamma-ray flux, it is not clear that it is related to the radio phasing. C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. STANFORD UNIV, WW HANSEN EXPT PHYS LAB, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. BOSTON UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. UNIV BARCELONA, DEPT ASTRON & METEOROL, E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN. NRL, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP, BETHPAGE, NY 11714 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, COLUMBIA ASTROPHYS LAB, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. RP Kniffen, DA (reprint author), HAMPDEN SYDNEY COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, HAMPDEN SYDNEY, VA 23943 USA. RI Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; Tavani, Marco/0000-0003-2893-1459; Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 31 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1086/304490 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800013 ER PT J AU Marcaide, JM Alberdi, A Ros, E Diamond, P Shapiro, II Guirado, JC Jones, DL Mantovani, F PerezTorres, MA Preston, RA Schilizzi, RT Sramek, RA Trigilio, C VanDyk, SD Weiler, KW Whitney, AR AF Marcaide, JM Alberdi, A Ros, E Diamond, P Shapiro, II Guirado, JC Jones, DL Mantovani, F PerezTorres, MA Preston, RA Schilizzi, RT Sramek, RA Trigilio, C VanDyk, SD Weiler, KW Whitney, AR TI Deceleration in the expansion of SN 1993J SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; galaxies, individual (NGC 3031, M81); radio continuum, stars; supernovae, individual (SN 19935); techniques, interferometric ID SUPERNOVA 1993J; CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; RADIO SUPERNOVAE; IIB SUPERNOVA; X-RAYS; SN-1993J; EMISSION; MODEL; EJECTA; SHELL AB A rarity among supernova, SN 1993J in M81 can be studied with high spatial resolution. Its radio power and distance permit VLBI observations to monitor the expansion of its angular structure. This radio structure was previously revealed to be shell-like and to be undergoing a self-similar expansion at a constant rate. From VLBI observations at wavelengths of 3.6 and 6 cm in the period 6-42 months after explosion, we have discovered that the expansion is decelerating. Our measurement of this deceleration yields estimates of the density profiles of the supernova ejecta and circumstellar material in standard supernova explosion models. C1 INST NACL TECNICA AEROESPACIAL,LAB ASTROFIS ESPACIAL & FIS FUNDAMENTAL,MADRID 28080,SPAIN. CSIC,INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA,E-18080 GRANADA,SPAIN. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. CNR,IST RADIOASTRON,I-40129 BOLOGNA,ITALY. JOINT INST VLBI EUROPE,NL-7990 AA DWINGELOO,NETHERLANDS. LEIDEN OBSERV,NL-2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. CNR,IST RADIOASTRON,I-96017 NOTO,ITALY. USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,COD 7214,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. MIT,HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01886. RP Marcaide, JM (reprint author), UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT ASTRON,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP L31 EP & DI 10.1086/310830 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT969 UT WOS:A1997XT96900008 ER PT J AU Gable, PS Le, DT McGehee, W Rapaport, SI AF Gable, PS Le, DT McGehee, W Rapaport, SI TI A Protac(R)-based screening test for activated protein C-resistant factor Va and other defects of the protein C anticoagulant pathway SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Protac(R); screening test; factor V Leiden; APC-resistance; protein C; protein S ID FACTOR-XA; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; APC-RESISTANCE; GLOBAL TEST; INACTIVATION; ASSAY; THERAPY; LEIDEN AB We have standardized a simple screening test for abnormalities of the protein C anticoagulant system. The test is basically a modified prothrombin time in which one aliquot of a test plasma is incubated for 3 min at 37 degrees C with Protac(R) and another is incubated with buffer. During the incubation the Protac(R) activates both protein C and factor V. The plasmas are then clotted with thromboplastin plus Ca2+, and the clotting time difference reflects the ability of the activated protein C (APC) to inactivate factor Va. With the use of Thromboplastin C Plus as the activator, clotting time differences found in 31 normal subjects (10.4 +/- 3.5 s, mean +/- 2SD) were distinct from clotting time differences found in 57 of 58 subjects with established APC-resistant factor Va (3.6 +/- 3.0 s). In addition, the Protac(R)-based test detected six of seven patients with isolated protein C deficiency and 20 of 28 patients with isolated protein S deficiency. Because of the reported high prevalence of heterozygous APC-resistant factor Va in Caucasian populations, it should be particularly useful in determining whether this genetic risk is present in individuals who have experienced or are at increased environmental risk of venous thrombosis. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MED,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV SO CALIF,MED CTR,DEPT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 27234] NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 IS 6 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1097/00001721-199709000-00002 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XZ138 UT WOS:A1997XZ13800002 PM 9351522 ER PT J AU Ridgway, SH Lindner, E Mahoney, KA Newman, WA AF Ridgway, SH Lindner, E Mahoney, KA Newman, WA TI Gray whale barnacles Cryptolepas rhachianecti infest white whales, Delphinapterus leucas, housed in San Diego Bay SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS AB A whale barnacle, Cryptolepas rhachianecti (Dall), previously considered an obligate commensal for the gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljeborg), infested white whales, Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas), housed in San Diego Bay. The infestation occurred annually between January and April in concert with the northward migration of the gray whale, and did not occur during years when the white whales were housed elsewhere during these months. Although initial infestation elicited no apparent skin response, after successive years of exposure, massive cellular proliferation in the adjacent epidermis resulted in ejection of barnacles from the whales within a few weeks. This increasing epidermal response and the invasion of inflammatory cells at the juncture of skin and barnacle shell is suggestive of an immune reaction to the barnacles. C1 USN, Naval Command, Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDTE Div D3503, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Off San Diego Cty Veterinarian, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ridgway, SH (reprint author), USN, Naval Command, Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDTE Div D3503, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 377 EP 385 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YZ063 UT WOS:000072216600010 ER PT J AU Fett, RW White, ME Peak, JE Brand, S Tag, PM AF Fett, RW White, ME Peak, JE Brand, S Tag, PM TI Application of hypermedia and expert system technology to Navy Environmental Satellite Image Analysis SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Division, over a period of more than 15 years, has developed a series of satellite imagery training documents called the Navy Tactical Applications Guides (NTAGs). The NTAG materials are unique because of their innovative focus on operationally relevant meteorological and oceanographic phenomena of concern to naval forces throughout the world and the exceedingly high quality of printed images. Advances in hypermedia and CD-ROM technology are enabling the enhancement and continued distribution of the NTAGs through the development of an electronic application called LaserTAG. CD-ROM technology provides large reproduction and storage capacity at a relatively low cost ($25 for LaserTAG discs versus $1000 for the 11-volume NTAG set). Hypermedia and electronic conversion supply the ability to 1) rapidly locate material through keyword searches and navigate to those locations through hypermedia links, 2) read text and view graphics simultaneously using multiple windows, and 3) create electronic annotation and bookmark files. A second technology, expert systems, is further expanding potential uses of the information documented in the NTAG series. The Satellite Image Analysis Meteorological Expert System (SIAMES) encapsulates important conclusions and rules of analysis. The SIAMES prototype described here leads the user through a hierarchy of image interpretation expertise derived from the NTAG series by querying the user about details appearing in the satellite imagery. The ultimate goal, particularly important when resident expertise is minimal or nonexistent, is to develop an automated method to deduce sensible weather parameters that affect navy operations. Applications of these technologies to environmental satellite image analysis provide new opportunities for their use, not only in the operational community, but in training and research as well. C1 USN,RES LAB,METEOROL APPLICAT DEV BRANCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,MONTEREY,CA. PANGAEA,PEBBLE BEACH,CA. COMP SCI CORP,MONTEREY,CA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1905 EP 1915 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1905:AOHAES>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YA066 UT WOS:A1997YA06600003 ER PT J AU Joly, A Jorgensen, D Shapiro, MA Thorpe, A Bessemoulin, P Browning, KA Cammas, JP Chalon, JP Clough, SA Emanuel, KA Eymard, L Gall, R Hildebrand, PH Langland, RH Lemaitre, Y Lynch, P Moore, JA Persson, POG Snyder, C Wakimoto, RM AF Joly, A Jorgensen, D Shapiro, MA Thorpe, A Bessemoulin, P Browning, KA Cammas, JP Chalon, JP Clough, SA Emanuel, KA Eymard, L Gall, R Hildebrand, PH Langland, RH Lemaitre, Y Lynch, P Moore, JA Persson, POG Snyder, C Wakimoto, RM TI The Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX): Scientific objectives and experimental design SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOIST DEFORMATION FRONTOGENESIS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES; BAROCLINIC WAVES; FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; EXPLOSIVE CYCLONES; OPTIMAL EXCITATION; HEAT FLUXES; MESOSCALE; STABILITY; CYCLOGENESIS AB The Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX) will address the life cycle of cyclones evolving over the North Atlantic Ocean in January and February 1997. The objectives of FASTEX are to improve the forecasts of end-of-storm-track cyclogenesis (primarily in the eastern Atlantic but with applicability to the Pacific) in the range 24 to 72 h, to enable the testing of theoretical ideas on cyclone formation and development, and to document the vertical and the mesoscale structure of cloud systems in mature cyclones and their relation to the dynamics. The observing system includes ships that will remain in the vicinity of the main baroclinic zone in the central Atlantic Ocean, jet aircraft that will fly and drop sondes off the east coast of North America or over the central Atlantic Ocean, turboprop aircraft that will survey mature cyclones off Ireland with dropsondes, and airborne Doppler radars, including ASTRAIA/ELDORA. Radiosounding frequency around the North Atlantic basin will be increased, as well as the number of drifting buoys. These facilities will be activated during multiple-day intensive observing periods in order to observe the same meteorological systems at several stages of their life cycle. A central archive will be developed in quasi-real time in Toulouse, France, thus allowing data to be made widely available to the scientific community. C1 NOAA,ERL,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV READING,JOINT CTR MESOSCALE METEOROL,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND. LAB AEROL,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. UNITED KINGDOM METEOROL OFF,BRACKNELL,BERKS,ENGLAND. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. CTR ETUD ENVIRONM TERR & PLANETAIRES,VELIZY VILLACOUBL,FRANCE. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA. MET EIREANN,DUBLIN,IRELAND. UNIV CORP ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,CIRES,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP Joly, A (reprint author), METEO FRANCE,CNRM,GMME,42 AV G CORIOLIS,F-31057 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RI Y, wang/A-8866-2010 NR 66 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1917 EP 1940 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1917:TFAAST>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YA066 UT WOS:A1997YA06600004 ER PT J AU Bond, NA Mass, CF Smull, BF Houze, RA Yang, MJ Colle, BA Braun, SA Shapiro, MA Colman, BR Neiman, PJ Overland, JE Neff, WD Doyle, JD AF Bond, NA Mass, CF Smull, BF Houze, RA Yang, MJ Colle, BA Braun, SA Shapiro, MA Colman, BR Neiman, PJ Overland, JE Neff, WD Doyle, JD TI The Coastal Observation and Simulation with Topography (COAST) experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL MARINE CYCLONE; LIFE-CYCLE; MESOSCALE; OROGRAPHY; MOUNTAINS; RAINBANDS; DYNAMICS; BOUNDARY; BARRIER; FRONTS AB The Coastal Observation and Simulation with Topography (COAST) program has examined the interaction of both steady-state and transient cool-season synoptic features, such as fronts and cyclones, with the coastal terrain of western North America. Its objectives include better understanding and forecasting of landfalling weather systems and, in particular, the modification and creation of mesoscale structures by coastal orography. In addition, COAST has placed considerable emphasis on the evaluation of mesoscale models in coastal terrain. These goals have been addressed through case studies of storm and frontal landfall along the Pacific Northwest coast using special field observations from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D research aircraft and simulations from high-resolution numerical models. The field work was conducted during December 1993 and December 1995. Active weather conditions encompassing a variety of synoptic situations were sampled. This article presents an overview of the program as well as highlights from a sample of completed and ongoing case studies. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEANS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. CENT WEATHER BUR,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. NCAR,BOULDER,CO. NOAA,ETL,BOULDER,CO. NATL WEATHER SERV,SEATTLE,WA. USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Yang, Ming-Jen/F-4628-2012; Neff, William/E-2725-2010 OI Yang, Ming-Jen/0000-0001-6654-2791; Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 78 IS 9 BP 1941 EP 1955 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1941:TCOASW>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YA066 UT WOS:A1997YA06600005 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Ironclad captain: Seth Ledyard Phelps and the US Navy 1841-1864 - Slagle,J, Bearss,EC SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 43 IS 3 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XY544 UT WOS:A1997XY54400005 ER PT J AU Lewis, T AF Lewis, T TI Digitopolis meets encalming technology SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article RP Lewis, T (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,CODE CS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD SEP PY 1997 VL 30 IS 9 BP 136 EP & DI 10.1109/2.612259 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XU019 UT WOS:A1997XU01900026 ER PT J AU Gould, RW Arnone, RA AF Gould, RW Arnone, RA TI Estimating the beam attenuation coefficient in coastal waters from AVHRR imagery SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ZONE COLOR SCANNER; MODERATELY TURBID ESTUARY; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS; OCEAN COLOR; CHLOROPHYLL; CALIBRATION; REFLECTANCE; PLUME; CZCS AB This paper presents an algorithm to estimate particle beam attenuation at 660 nm (c(p)660) in coastal areas using the red and near-infrared channels of the NOAA AVHRR satellite sensor. In situ reflectance spectra and c(p)660 measurements were collected at 23 stations in Case I and II waters during an April 1993 cruise in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The reflectance spectra were weighted by the spectral response of the AVHRR sensor and integrated over the channel 1 waveband to estimate the atmospherically corrected signal recorded by the satellite. An empirical relationship between integrated reflectance and c(p)660 values was derived with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.88. Because the AVHRR sensor requires a strong channel 1 signal, the algorithm is applicable in highly turbid areas (c(p)660 > 1.5 m(-1)) where scattering from suspended sediment strongly controls the shape and magnitude of the red (550-650 nm) reflectance spectrum. The algorithm was tested on a data set collected 2 years later in different coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico and satellite estimates of c(p)660 averaged within 37% of measured values. Application of the algorithm provides daily images of nearshore regions at I km resolution for evaluating processes affecting ocean color distribution patterns (tides, winds, currents, river discharge). Further validation and refinement of the algorithm are in progress to permit quantitative application in other coastal areas. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Gould, RW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING APPLICAT BRANCH,CODE 7243,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1387 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(97)00015-0 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XV873 UT WOS:A1997XV87300004 ER PT J AU Fahy, GM Ali, SE AF Fahy, GM Ali, SE TI Cryopreservation of the mammalian kidney .2. Demonstration of immediate ex vivo function after introduction and removal of 7.5 M cryoprotectant SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITRIFICATION; PRESERVATION; TRANSPLANTATION; PERFUSION; TOXICITY AB The objective of the present study was to determine whether rabbit kidneys could be perfused with a 7.5 M vitrification solution (VS4, which vitrifies under applied pressure) without loss of function. To answer this question, kidneys were perfused with VS4 using a computer-based machine to gradually raise and lower concentration and then attached to the aorta and vena cava of a perfusor rabbit using an apparatus that permitted renal blood how and renal function to be measured. About half (6/13) of the kidneys so evaluated resumed substantial immediate function after a transient period of severely reduced blood flow. Loss of function did not occur if cryoprotectant concentration was limited to 3.8 M. The loss of function produced by VS4 could be partially reproduced by artificially limiting blood reflow in control kidneys to simulate the transiently low flows caused by VS4 exposure. These results provide the first evidence that both the parenchyma and the vascular system of a sensitive mammalian organ can survive exposure to a vitrifiable concentration of cryoprotectant. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USN,MED RES INST,TRANSFUS & CRYOPRESERVAT RES PROGRAM,TISSUE CRYOPRESERVAT SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20889. FU NCRR NIH HHS [BSRG 2 S07 RR05737]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 17959] NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 114 EP 131 DI 10.1006/cryo.1997.2026 PG 18 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA XY819 UT WOS:A1997XY81900003 PM 9299103 ER PT J AU Bui, TX AF Bui, TX TI PRIISM - Recent developments with the Internet in Vietnam SO DATA BASE FOR ADVANCES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0095-0033 J9 DATA BASE ADV INF SY JI Data Base Adv. Inf. Syst. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 28 IS 4 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA ZJ705 UT WOS:000073238600003 ER PT J AU Pande, SG Hardy, DR AF Pande, SG Hardy, DR TI Comparison of the effects of storage in the presence of copper using laboratory vs field conditions on jet fuel thermal stability as measured by the gravimetric JFTOT SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB The effects of storage in the presence of copper using laboratory test conditions vs field conditions on fuel thermal stability were compared using five JP-5 fuels. Laboratory test conditions refer to accelerated storage at 90 degrees C/50 psig of air/24 h in the presence of soluble copper from copper(II) ethyl acetoacetate (CuEA). In contrast, field conditions refer to long-term storage at room temperature (similar to 20 degrees C) in the presence of dissolved copper from 90/10 copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) alloy for a period of approximately 6 months. Thermal stabilities were determined using the gravimetric JFTOT, which gives a quantitative measure of the total deposits formed. A copper concentration/storage effect was observed, which necessitated evaluations at similar copper concentrations. However, the source of copper appears not to be important. Instead, the main operative factor affecting the thermal stability of stored fuels appears to be the combination of long-term ambient storage and the presence of copper. Good agreement was obtained between the thermal stabilities of fuels that were stored using the specified laboratory and field conditions. These results are significant because (1) they validate the use of the specified laboratory test conditions as being realistic; (2) they support our premise that precursors that lead to thermal deposits are formed on storage in the presence of copper; and (3) they offer a rigorous method for predicting the potential thermal stabilities of jet fuels. C1 USN,RES LAB,TECHNOL CTR SAFETY & SURVIVABIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Pande, SG (reprint author), GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1021/ef970077h PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA XX672 UT WOS:A1997XX67200013 ER PT J AU Zellmer, JT Eastman, SM AF Zellmer, JT Eastman, SM TI Incorporation of historical aerial photographs and land-use information into environmental site assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE environmental geology; environmental assessment; hazardous waste; remote sensing; site investigations AB Historical aerial photographs and historical land-use documents covering a period of 51 years were evaluated during the environmental site-assessment of Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) El Toro, a military installation slated for closure and conversion to civilian usage. Although the photographs and documents could not, by themselves, prove the existence of contamination, information interpreted from them helped identify features and areas commonly associated with environmental contamination, such as abandoned landfills, drum-storage areas, trenches possibly used for waste disposal, discolored soil, and surface-water discharge from maintenance facilities. These features served as focal points for follow-on investigations. The investigation identified about 600 new sites of "possible environmental concern," as defined by the criteria specified for the project by the sponsor, and verified approximately 600 previously identified features. The project team interpreted 106 aerial photographs during the investigation. We also evaluated numerous land-use and planning documents. The final report of the investigation includes annotated photographs depicting sites and areas of concern for each of the 21 years of photographic coverage that were considered, land-use maps for five time periods, and surface-drainage maps for nine years. The investigation resulted in about 60 of the newly-identified sites being scheduled for additional investigation. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Agr & Geol Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Publ Works Ctr, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. RP Zellmer, JT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Agr & Geol Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 431 EP 441 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA ZQ286 UT WOS:000073842400009 ER PT J AU Hempfling, C AF Hempfling, C TI Ultraviolet/oxidation treatment of explosive wastewaters using a commercial process SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB The Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center evaluated the performance of two pilot-scale ultraviolet/oxidation systems for treatment of nitroglycerin production wastewater, Solarchem Environmental Systems and Peroxidation Systems, Inc. A commercial-scale system was purchased from Solarchem and its performance compared to that of the pilot-scale system using standard reaction kinetics procedures. The first-order reaction rate expression for nitroglycerin decomposition teas developed for the commercial-scale Solarchem system. Studies were conducted using the commercial-scale UV/oxidation system to determine the treatment by-products from nitroglycerin decomposition. Nitroglycerin and partially nitrated derivatives of nitroglycerin, inorganic nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia, and total organic carbon analyses were conducted to determine the extent of nitroglycerin decomposition and probable by-products. Studies were also conducted on nitroguanidine wastewater to determine the effectiveness of UV/oxidation wastewater treatment for the nitroguanidine production process. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Hempfling, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1002/ep.3300160311 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZM961 UT WOS:000073593800014 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Meyer, GA AF Seltzer, MD Meyer, GA TI Inductively coupled argon plasma continuous emissions monitor for hazardous air pollutant metals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The design and operation of instrumentation capable of continuous, real-time detection and monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metals in the effluent of boilers, incinerators, and furnaces is reported. A commercially available inductively coupled argon plasma spectrometer, modified for introduction of sample air, provides sensitivity for several metals comparable to that of EPA-approved manual methods, with a measurement frequency of 30-60 measurements/h. Achievable detection limits for the present list of hazardous air pollutant metals range from 0.1 to 20 mu g/dry standard cubic meter; a capability unmatched by competing CEM technologies. To ensure that a representative sample is obtained at all times, air is isokinetically extracted from a stack or duct by an automated system. An innovative sampling interface combines continuous sample extraction at the relatively high and often variable flow rates required for isokinetic conditions with periodic introduction of aliquots of sample air and reference air at the constant and low flow rates required for injection into the argon plasma. C1 THERMO JARRELL ASH CORP,FRANKLIN,MA 02038. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,WEAPONS DIV,RES & TECHNOL GRP,CODE 4B2300D,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555, USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2665 EP 2672 DI 10.1021/es970084k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XU118 UT WOS:A1997XU11800059 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U Lyon, R Gann, RG Gritzo, L AF Sorathia, U Lyon, R Gann, RG Gritzo, L TI Materials and fire threat SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 FAA TECH CTR,FIRE RES,ATLANTIC CITY INT AIRPORT,ATLANTIC CITY,NJ. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), USN,CARDEROCK SURFACE WARFARE CTR,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOC PI QUINCY PA ONE BATTERYMARCH PK, QUINCY, MA 02269 SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 260 EP 275 DI 10.1023/A:1015371806854 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA XW186 UT WOS:A1997XW18600007 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Ganguli, G Fedder, JA MelendezAlvira, DJ AF Reynolds, MA Ganguli, G Fedder, JA MelendezAlvira, DJ TI Effect of diurnal convection on trapped thermal plasma in the outer plasmasphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB A kinetic, multi-species model of the plasmasphere is constructed that includes the effect of convection and corotation electric fields on trapped particles in drifting flux tubes. The resulting morphology of the outer plasmasphere is significantly different from the morphology obtained using the assumption of diffusive equilibrium. The difference is due primarily to the contraction and expansion of the region of velocity space accessible to the trapped particles, and has implications for the interpretation of remote sensing experiments. C1 USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,DIV PLASMA PHYS,CODE 6794,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 17 BP 2255 EP 2258 DI 10.1029/97GL02021 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA XU257 UT WOS:A1997XU25700039 ER PT J AU Gilmore, EM AF Gilmore, EM TI Gardel, tango and popular culture in Marco Antonio de la Parra's 'Matatangos' SO HISPANIA-A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE TEACHING OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE LA Spanish DT Article ID THEATER RP Gilmore, EM (reprint author), USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEACH SPAN PORTUG PI MISSISSIPPI STATE PA MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV P O BOX 6349, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762-6349 SN 0018-2133 J9 HISPANIA-J DEV INTER JI Hispania-J. Devoted Teach. Span. Port. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 80 IS 3 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.2307/345823 PG 8 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics; Literature, Romance SC Linguistics; Literature GA XU417 UT WOS:A1997XU41700004 ER PT J AU Culham, P AF Culham, P TI The game of death in ancient Rome: Arena sport and political suicide. SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Culham, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHI ALPHA THETA PI ALLENTOWN PA THE HISTORIAN 50 COLLEGE DR, ALLENTOWN, PA 18104-6100 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD FAL PY 1997 VL 60 IS 1 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC History SC History GA YH436 UT WOS:000070629800069 ER PT J AU Trizna, DB AF Trizna, DB TI A model for Brewster angle damping and multipath effects on the microwave radar sea echo at low grazing angles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; BAND RADAR; WAVES; SCATTER; SURFACE AB Brewster angle damping and local multipath effects are considered as sources of polarization differences in low grazing angle sea scatter characteristics. We show that at least five observed polarization differences can be explained by local multipath interference effects that occur due to the illumination of discrete nonlinear ocean surface features, such as bores and small scale breaking waves, The illumination gain factor (IGF) is defined at a point in space, as the total power at that point relative to the power in the incident plane wave, The IGF resulting from local multipath from the sea surface forward of a discrete scatterer produces strong interference patterns that can vary both with grazing angle and scatterer height, As a result, IGF values up to a factor of 16 (12 dB) can occur for horizontal polarization (HH) when the interference is constructive; a corresponding strong cancellation occurs for destructive interference, These extreme variations can cause strong HH NRCS amplitude modulations due either to a change of local wave slope or a change of scatterer shape with time, However, Brewster angle damping of the forward scatter path for grazing angles below 20 degrees occurs for vertical (VV) polarization, and reduces the VV IGF in magnitude and dynamic range, eliminating such strong modulations, This effect scales with radar wavelength, and higher wave features are required to produce equivalent effects for radar frequencies far below 10 GHz. As an illustration, six radar bands are compared: L (1.4 GHz), S (3.5 GHz), C (5 GHz), X (10 GHz), K-u (15 GHz), and K-a (15 GHz), for a sea mater dielectric, X-band results indicate that 12-dB IGF's can occur for water surface features just a centimeter above the mean surface, As an application of these results, the influence of these HH and VV IGF patterns is modeled for discrete scatterers distributed uniformly along an ocean gravity wave, The dynamic range of the HH IGF for a distribution of bore scatterers up to 5 cm high is found to be significantly larger than for VV at all locations on the long wave, Moreover, the IGF HH/VV polarization ratio forward of the crest, where the largest number of small scale breaking wave scatterers occurs, is larger than at all other regions of the long wave, of the order of 20 dB, These results suggest that HH polarization may be sensitive to small scale breaking features on the ocean surface at low grazing angles, and thus mag be a sensitive measure of air-sea fluxes. RP Trizna, DB (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, REMOTE SENSING HYDRODYNAM BRANCH, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1232 EP 1244 DI 10.1109/36.628790 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XW390 UT WOS:A1997XW39000014 ER PT J AU Kaufman, YJ Wald, AE Remer, LA Gao, BC Li, RR Flynn, L AF Kaufman, YJ Wald, AE Remer, LA Gao, BC Li, RR Flynn, L TI The MODIS 2.1-mu m channel - Correlation with visible reflectance for use in remote sensing of aerosol SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aerosols; atmosphere correction; remote sensing ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; AVHRR DATA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GREENHOUSE GASES; SULFATE AEROSOLS; RELATIVE ROLES; EOS-MODIS; RETRIEVAL; CLOUD; INSTRUMENT AB A new technique for remote sensing of aerosol over the land and for atmospheric correction of Earth imagery is developed, It is based on detection of dark surface targets in the blue and red channels, as in previous methods, but uses the 2.1-mu m channel, instead of the 3.75 mu m for their detection, ii 2.1-mu m channel is present on ADEOS OCTS and GLI, and planned on EOS-MODIS and EOSP, and a similar 2.2-mu m channel is present on Landsat TM. The advantage of the 2.1-mu m channel over the 3.75-mu m channel is that it is not affected by emitted radiation, The 2.1-mu m channel is transparent to most aerosol types (except dust) and therefore can be used to detect dark surface targets, Correlation between the surface reflection in the blue (0.49 mu m), red (0.66 mu m), and 2.1 mu m is established using atmospherically corrected Landsat TRI and AVIRIS aircraft images collected over the Eastern United States, Maine, and California and spectral data obtained from the ground and Light aircraft near San Diego, CA. Results from a variety of surface covers show that the surface reflectance at 0.49 mu m (rho(0.49)) and 0.66 mu m (rho(0.66)) can he predicted from that at 2.2 mu m (rho(2.2)) within Delta rho = +/-0.006 for rho(2.2) less than or equal to 0.10, using rho(0.49) = rho(2.2)/4 and rho(0.66) = rho(2.2)/2. Error in surface reflectance of 0.006 corresponds to an error in remote sensing of aerosol optical thickness, tau, of Delta tau similar to +/-0.06. These relationships were validated using spectral data taken close to the surface over vegetated areas in a different biome, This method expands application of dark targets for remote sensing of aerosol to brighter, nonforested vegetation, The higher reflection of the surface at 2.2 mu m than that of 3.75 mu m mag even enable remote sensing of dust above surfaces with reflectivity rho(2.2) = 0.15 +/- 0.05. For this reflectivity range the dust radiative effect at 2.2 mu m is small, and the surface reflectance in the blue and red channels can be retrieved. C1 SCI SYST APPLICAT INC,LANHAM,MD 20706. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII INST GEOPHYS & PLANETOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP Kaufman, YJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 38 TC 437 Z9 519 U1 2 U2 46 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1298 DI 10.1109/36.628795 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XW390 UT WOS:A1997XW39000019 ER PT J AU Miller, MM Lubitz, P Prinz, GA Krebs, JJ Edelstein, AS Cheng, SF Parsons, FG AF Miller, MM Lubitz, P Prinz, GA Krebs, JJ Edelstein, AS Cheng, SF Parsons, FG TI Development of a high precision absolute linear displacement sensor utilizing GMR spin-valves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 97) CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERS AB We describe the development of a novel linear displacement sensor utilizing Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) elements. This device is based on the division of a magnetically soft layer of a spin valve device into two anti-parallel magnetic domains. The total resistance of the spin-valve varies linearly with displacement of the domain wall because of different resistances of the aligned and anti-aligned magnetic states of the spin-valve. Domain wall translation is achieved by the use of a magnetic wall ''trap'' generated by permanent magnets. Displacement is thus related directly to the device resistance. C1 USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,WHITE OAK,MD 20903. FED PROD CO,PROVIDENCE,RI 02940. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 3388 EP 3390 DI 10.1109/20.617953 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XW564 UT WOS:A1997XW56400254 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Harris, VG Prinz, GA AF Cheng, SF Harris, VG Prinz, GA TI Dependency of coercivity on Co layer thickness in Co/Cu multilayer structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 97) CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; MICROSTRUCTURES; SANDWICHES AB The magnetic and structural properties of Co/Cu multilayered film structures were studied as a function of Co layer thickness to determine the interrelationship between coercivity and ferromagnetic layer thickness. The nominal compositions of the films are NiFe(50 Angstrom)/Cu(2500 Angstrom)/[Co(t)/Cu(50 Angstrom)](x), where t = 7, 10, 25, 50, 100 Angstrom for x = 20, and t = 200, 400, and 2000 Angstrom for x = 10, 5, and 1, respectively. The measured coercivity correlates strongly with the changes in the local structural properties of the Co layers. Values were found to decrease with increasing t for t < 200 Angstrom in response to the decreasing effect of surface and interface domain wall pinning. For t greater than or equal to 200 Angstrom coercivity values increase corresponding with the increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy associated with a transition in the Co layer from an fee state to an hcp state. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Cheng, SF (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 3529 EP 3531 DI 10.1109/20.619487 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XW565 UT WOS:A1997XW56500010 ER PT J AU Cullen, JR Teter, JP WunFogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE AF Cullen, JR Teter, JP WunFogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE TI Magnetic and magnetoelastic studies of single crystal Tb0.6Dy0.4Zn at low temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 97) CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE AB The alloys series Tb1-xDyxZn, x less than or equal to 0.6, has been shown to undergo easy-axis reorientations at low temperatures. In this paper results of magnetization on single crystal disks of Tb0.6Dy0.4Zn are reported. Maxima in the magnetization as much as 15 degrees from the [100] axes were found below T-R congruent to 20 K, Magnetostrictions of 5 x 10(-3) were measured at 77 K on single crystal rods. Magnetization versus field curves under a series of compressive stresses have verified the highly magnetoelastic nature of this alloy, The non-principal magnetization orientations are discussed on a phenomenological model which includes an eighth-order anisotropy term. C1 UNIV DUBLIN TRINITY COLL,DEPT PHYS,DUBLIN 2,IRELAND. RP Cullen, JR (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,CODE 684,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 3949 EP 3951 DI 10.1109/20.619625 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XW565 UT WOS:A1997XW56500148 ER PT J AU Ericson, CA Schneidewind, NF AF Ericson, CA Schneidewind, NF TI Software safety SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA. RP Ericson, CA (reprint author), BOEING CO,SEATTLE,WA 98124, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 46 IS 3 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YK958 UT WOS:A1997YK95800004 ER PT J AU Scheller, LF Green, SJ Azad, AF AF Scheller, LF Green, SJ Azad, AF TI Inhibition of nitric oxide interrupts the accumulation of CD8(+) T cells surrounding Plasmodium berghei-infected hepatocytes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA; L-ARGININE; MICE; IMMUNITY; PARASITES; SYNTHASE; RATS AB The elimination of liver-stage malaria parasites by nitric oxide (NO)-producing hepatocytes is regulated by T cells, Both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, which surround infected hepatocytes, are evident by 24 h after sporozoite challenge in Brown Norway rats previously immunized with irradiated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. While the number of CD4(+) T cells remained the same beyond 24 h postchallenge, the number of CD8(+) T cells increased three-and sixfold by 31 and 44 h, respectively, This increase in the number of CD8(+) T cells correlated with a decrease in the number of intrahepatic parasites, In immunized rats, intrahepatic parasites were reduced in number by 31 h after sporozoite challenge and cleared from the liver by 44 h, as visualized by P. berghei-specific DNA in situ hybridization, If immunized rats were treated with aminoguanidine, a substrate inhibitor of NO synthase, at the time of challenge, liver-stage protection was blocked, as shown by the increase in parasite liver burden, Further histological examination of infected livers from immunized animals treated with aminoguanidine revealed fewer and smaller cellular infiltrates surrounding the infected hepatocytes, and the number of CD8(+) T cells that normally accumulate within the infiltrates was drastically reduced, Consequently, the infected hepatocytes were not cleared from the liver. We hypothesize that the early production of NO may promote the influx and/or enhance local proliferation of malaria parasite-specific CD8(+) T cells or a CD8(+) T-cell subset which is required for parasite clearance. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. USN, MED RES INST, MALARIA PROGRAM, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. ENTREMED INC, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 65 IS 9 BP 3882 EP 3888 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XT420 UT WOS:A1997XT42000056 PM 9284167 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE AF Brodine, SK Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE TI Genotypic variation and molecular epidemiology of HIV SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); epidemiology; diagnosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; GROUP-O INFECTIONS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SUBTYPE-A; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL GENOTYPE; AFRICAN ORIGIN; INDIA REVEALS AB Genetic variability is a central feature of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). Both are subclassified into distinct genetic subtypes with varied geographic distributions. The most pronounced impact of HIV genetic diversity has been in the areas of diagnostic testing, vaccine development, and molecular epidemiology. Findings of negative or nondiagnostic HIV tests with divergent strains have prompted efforts to broaden the reactivity of screening assays. Improved understanding of the impact of genetic diversity on the biologic and immunologic properties of HIV will contribute to more effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), USN,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 14 IS 9 BP 739 EP 748 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA XW569 UT WOS:A1997XW56900013 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Dell, RF Wood, RK AF Brown, GG Dell, RF Wood, RK TI Optimization and persistence SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX ALGORITHM; SYSTEM; DECOMPOSITION; CORPORATION; DESIGN; MODELS; FLEET AB Most optimization-based decision support systems are used repeatedly with only modest changes to input data from scenario to scenario. Unfortunately, optimization (mathematical programming) has a well-deserved reputation for amplifying small input changes into drastically different solutions. A previously optimal solution, or a slight variation of one, may still be nearly optimal in a new scenario and managerially preferable to a dramatically different solution that is mathematically optimal. Mathematical programming models can be stated and solved so that they exhibit varying degrees of persistence with respect to previous values of variables, constraints, or even exogenous considerations. We use case studies to highlight how modeling with persistence has improved managerial acceptance and describe how to incorporate persistence as an intrinsic feature of any optimization model. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OPERAT RES,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 6 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 15 EP 37 DI 10.1287/inte.27.5.15 PG 23 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA YD163 UT WOS:A1997YD16300003 ER PT J AU Memory, SB Adams, VH Marto, PJ AF Memory, SB Adams, VH Marto, PJ TI Free and forced convection laminar film condensation on horizontal elliptical tubes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE WALL TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-TENSION AB Laminar film condensation on a horizontal elliptical tube in a pure saturated vapor was analyzed for conditions of Free and forced convection. For free convection, a simple Nusselt type analysis was used. For forced convection, estimation of the interfacial shear stress was made in two ways: the first used an asymptotic value of the shear stress under conditions of infinite condensation rate and the second was based on simultaneously solving the two-phase vapor boundary-layer and condensate equations. Effects of surface tension and pressure gradient in the condensate film were also included. For free convection, an elliptical tube with the major axis vertical showed an improvement of nearly 11% in the mean heat-transfer coefficient when compared to a circular tube of equivalent surface area. For forced convection with the same approach velocity as for a circular tube, a small decrease (approximate to 2%) in the mean heat-transfer coefficient resulted. However, for the same pressure drop, heat transfer performance for an elliptical tube increased by up to 16%. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT MECH ENGN,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP Memory, SB (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,DEPT MECH ENGN,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 14 BP 3395 EP 3406 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(96)00374-2 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA WZ401 UT WOS:A1997WZ40100013 ER PT J AU Mahnken, TG Watts, BD AF Mahnken, TG Watts, BD TI What the Gulf War can (and cannot) tell us about the future of warfare SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Article RP Mahnken, TG (reprint author), USN,WAR COLL,DEPT STRATEGY,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 151 EP 162 PG 12 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA XX418 UT WOS:A1997XX41800007 ER PT J AU Kaminer, II Howard, RM Buttrill, CS AF Kaminer, II Howard, RM Buttrill, CS TI Development of closed-loop tail-sizing criteria for a High Speed Civil Transport SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB A study was conducted to determine the closed-loop tail-sizing criteria for a High Speed Civil Transport using a newly developed integrated aircraft/controller design methodology. The key idea is to cast closed loop requirements as linear matrix inequalities, for which efficient numerical solvers are available, In particular, the effects of certain feedback specifications, and of actuator amplitude and rate constraints on the maximum allowable e.g. travel for a given set of tail sizes are studied, A constant gain slate feedback controller Is designed as a part of the tail-sizing process. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DYNAM & CONTROL BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23681. RP Kaminer, II (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 658 EP 664 DI 10.2514/2.2226 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YA419 UT WOS:A1997YA41900013 ER PT J AU Jason, PK AF Jason, PK TI Vietnamese in America: Literary representations SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Jason, PK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWLING GREEN POPULAR PRESS PI BOWLING GREEN PA C/O RAY B BROWNE, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43403 USA SN 0191-1813 J9 J AM CULTURE JI J. Am. Cult. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1111/j.1542-734X.1997.t01-1-00043.x PG 8 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA ZJ541 UT WOS:000073227100004 ER PT J AU Yu, HY AF Yu, HY TI The elastic field in a half-space with a circular cylindrical inclusion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLIDS RP Yu, HY (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MECH MAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 1997 VL 64 IS 3 BP 721 EP 721 DI 10.1115/1.2788959 PG 1 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA XZ220 UT WOS:A1997XZ22000046 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS AF Uhm, HS TI Influence of initial energy modulation on premodulated electron beam propagating through a drift tube SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT NONLINEAR-THEORY; PLASMA AB Influence of the initial energy modulation caused by the self-potential depression on the premodulated electron-beam propagation through a drift tube is investigated. The potential depression kappa can significantly vary because of the initial current modulation. Thus, beam's kinetic energy at the injection varies accordingly. A self-consistent nonlinear theory of current modulation of the premodulated electron beam is developed. It is shown that the initial energy modulation caused by the self-potential depression at injection plays a significant role in the current modulation for long range propagation. It is also found from a small signal theory that reduction of the beam's kinetic energy due to its potential depression accelerates debunching process of the initial current modulation. Although the initial current modulation is debunched quickly for high current beam, amplitude of the current modulation never becomes zero because of the initial energy modulation. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1989 EP 1995 DI 10.1063/1.366272 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XT821 UT WOS:A1997XT82100002 ER PT J AU Keyes, BM Ahrenkiel, RK Shaw, GJ Summers, GP AF Keyes, BM Ahrenkiel, RK Shaw, GJ Summers, GP TI Minority-carrier lifetime damage coefficient of irradiated InP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RECOMBINATION VELOCITY; LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; N-TYPE INP; P-TYPE INP; SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; INDUCED DEFECTS; DEEP LEVELS; TRAPS AB Minority-carrier lifetime damage coefficients for 1 MeV electron, 3 MeV proton, and 6 MeW alpha particle irradiation of tl-type (4.5 X 10(15) and 1.3 X 10(17) cm(-3)) and p-type (2.5 X 10(17) cm(-3)) InP have been measured using time-resolved photoluminescence. These values are relatively insensitive to carrier type and show a slight increase with increasing carrier concentration. Evidence of comparable electron and hole capture lifetimes is found for the dominant recombination defect. The effect of 3 MeV proton and 6 MeV alpha particles relative to 1 MeV electrons is an increase in the lifetime damage coefficient by factors of about 10(4) and 10(5), respectively. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Keyes, BM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 5 BP 2156 EP 2163 DI 10.1063/1.366023 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XT821 UT WOS:A1997XT82100022 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Cotal, HL Xapsos, MA Wojtczuk, SJ Serreze, HB Summers, GP AF Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Cotal, HL Xapsos, MA Wojtczuk, SJ Serreze, HB Summers, GP TI Radiation response of heteroepitaxial n(+)p InP/Si solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; P-TYPE INP; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; ELECTRON AB The effect of 1 MeV electron and 3 MeV proton irradiation on the performance of n(+) p InP solar cells grown heteroepitaxially on Si (PnP/Si) substrates is presented, The radiation response of the cells was characterized by a comprehensive series of measurements of current versus voltage (I-V), capacitance versus voltage (C-V), quantum efficiency (QE), and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), The degradation of the photovoltaic response of the cells, measured under simulated 1 sun, AMO solar illumination, is analyzed in terms of displacement damage dose (D-d) which enables a characteristic degradation curve to be determined, This curve is used to accurately predict measured cell, degradation under proton irradiation with energies from 4.5 down to 1 MeV. From the QE measurements, the base minority carrier diffusion length is determined asa function of particle fluence, and a diffusion length damage coefficient is calculated, From the C-V measurements, the radiation-induced carrier removal rate in rile base region of the cells is determined, The DLTS data show the electron and proton irradiations to produce essentially the same defect spectra, and the spectra are essentially the same as observed in irradiated homoepitaxial n(+) p InP. From the DLTS data, the introduction rate of each defect level is determined. From the dark I-V curves, the effect of irradiation on the various contributions to the dark current are determined. The data are analyzed, and a detailed description of the physical mechanisms for the radiation response of these cells is given. The results enable a model to be developed for the radiation response of the cells. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA INC,LARGO,MD 20774. SPIRE CORP,BEDFORD,MA 01730. UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY,DEPT PHYS,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6615,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 5 BP 2164 EP 2175 DI 10.1063/1.366024 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XT821 UT WOS:A1997XT82100023 ER PT J AU Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A Revesz, AG Hughes, HL AF Afanas'ev, VV Stesmans, A Revesz, AG Hughes, HL TI Structural inhomogeneity and silicon enrichment of buried SiO2 layers formed by oxygen ion implantation in silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; INDUCED POSITIVE CHARGE; SIMOX STRUCTURES; SUPPLEMENTAL IMPLANTATION; SI/SIO2/SI STRUCTURES; INDUCED DEGRADATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; INTERFACE STATES; ANNEALED SILICON; ACTIVE DEFECTS AB The microstructure and electrical properties of buried SiO2 layers produced in silicon by the implantation of oxygen ions are analyzed in terms of implantation parameters and supplemental incorporation of oxygen, The buried oxides show inhomogeneous etching in aqueous HF, revealing the presence of a crystalline oxide phase and Si-enriched regions. Silicon enrichment in SiO2 is found in the form of Si inclusions and oxygen deficient network defects. The former are found to be sensitive to the oxygen implantation profile, and may arise as a result of a blockage of Si outdiffusion by crystalline oxide inclusions. The network defects, in turn, are predominantly generated during high temperature postimplantation annealing, caused possibly by some mechanism of silicon transport from the interfaces into the bulk of oxide. The electron trapping and electrical conduction characteristics of buried oxides are found to correlate with the density and size of the inhomogeneities. By contrast, hole trapping and the generation of positive charge al the Si/oxide interfaces by exposure to hydrogen at elevated temperature are controlled by the network defects in the bulk of the oxide and in the near interfacial layers, respectively. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 REVESZ ASSOCIATES, BETHESDA, MD 20817 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Afanas'ev, VV (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT PHYS, B-3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM. NR 93 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 5 BP 2184 EP 2199 DI 10.1063/1.366025 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XT821 UT WOS:A1997XT82100025 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR George, C FlippenAnderson, JL Musallam, HA AF Deschamps, JR George, C FlippenAnderson, JL Musallam, HA TI Imidazolium chloride organophosphate antidotes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE anticholinesterase antidote; organophosphate antidote; salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole ID ANTICHOLINESTERASE INTOXICATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUATERNARY-SALTS; 2-<(HYDROXYIMINO)METHYL>IMIDAZOLE; ACETYLCHOLINE; SOMAN AB The structures of four imidazolium oxime derivatives were solved by direct methods. These compounds have been shown to be effective in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Despite substantial differences in the nature of the substituent on N1, all four compounds have similar shapes when viewed down the plane of the imidazole ring. The potency of these compounds in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning correlates well with the distance between the imidazole ring and the oxygen moiety on the side chain. 2-(hydroxyimino)methy-3- methyl-1-[1-(3-methyl-sulfonylpropyloxy)methyl]imidazolium chloride (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar (Z = 2). The unit cell parameters a, b, c (Angstrom) and alpha, beta, and gamma (degrees) were: 8.506(2), 8.787(4), 10.070(4), 73.68(3), 81.37(3), 85.39(3). 2-(hydroxyimino)-methyl-3-methyl-1-(2'- N-phenylsulfonylamino-1'-ethyl)imidazolium chloride (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/alpha(Z = 4). The unit cell parameters a, b, c (Angstrom) and beta (degrees) were: 12.690(2), 6.317(4), 20.193(4), 91.47(2). 1-(2'-ethyl-2'-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-aminoethyl)-2- (hydroxyimino)methyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (3) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar (Z = 2). The unit cell parameters a, b, c (Angstrom) and alpha, beta and gamma (degrees) were: 6.635(1), 11.333(2), 12.274(3), 115.05(3), 98.46(3), 90.11(3). 2-(hydroxyimino)-methyl-3-methyl-1-[2(2-methyl-3-nitrobutyloxy) methyl]-imidazolium chloride (4) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) (Z=4) The unit cell parameters a, b, and c (Angstrom) were: 10.034(1), 11.401(2), 13.352(2). C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 27 IS 9 BP 541 EP 548 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA YK859 UT WOS:A1997YK85900006 ER PT J AU Poston, WL Wegman, EJ Priebe, CE Solka, JL AF Poston, WL Wegman, EJ Priebe, CE Solka, JL TI A deterministic method for robust estimation of multivariate location and shape SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE minimum covariance determinant; minimum volume ellipsoid; outliers; robust estimators; subset selection ID OUTLIERS AB The existence of outliers in a data set and how to deal with them is an important problem in statistics. The minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimator is a robust estimator of location and covariate structure: however its use has been limited because there an few computationally attractive methods. Determining the MVE consists of two parts-finding the subset of points to be used in the estimate and finding the ellipsoid that covers this set. This article addresses the first problem. Our method H-ill also allow us to compute the minimum covariance determinant (MCD, estimator, The proposed method of subset selection is called the effective independence distribution (EID) method. which chooses the subset by minimizing determinants of matrices containing the data. This method is deterministic. yielding reproducible estimates of location and scatter for a given data set. The EID method of finding the MVE is applied to several regression data sets where the true estimate is known. Results show that the EID method. when applied to these data sets. produces the subset of data more quickly than conventional procedures and that there is less than 6% relative error in the estimates. We also give timing results illustrating the feasibility of our method fbr larger data arts. For the case of 10,000 points in 10 dimensions, the compute time is under 25 minutes. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV, CTR COMPUTAT STAT, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT MATH SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. USN, CTR SURFACE WARFARE, DAHLGEN DIV, ADV COMPUTAT TECHNOL GRP, DAHLGREN, VA 22448 USA. RP Poston, WL (reprint author), USN, CTR SURFACE WARFARE, DAHLGEN DIV, ADV PROCESSORS GRP, DAHLGREN, VA 22448 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 300 EP 313 DI 10.2307/1390735 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA XR216 UT WOS:A1997XR21600004 ER PT J AU Dill, KA Phillips, AT Rosen, JB AF Dill, KA Phillips, AT Rosen, JB TI Protein structure and energy landscape dependence on sequence using a continuous energy function SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE molecular conformation; protein folding; global optimization AB We have recently described a new conformational search strategy for protein folding algorithms called the CGU (convex global underestimator) method, Here we use a simplified protein chain representation and a differentiable form of the Sun/Thomas/Dill energy function to test the CGU method, Standard search methods, such as Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics are slowed by kinetic traps, That is, the computer time depends more strongly on the shape of the energy landscape (dictated by the amino acid sequence) than on the number of degrees of freedom (dictated by the chain length), The CGU method is not subject to this limitation, since it explores the underside of the energy landscape, not the top, We find that the CGU computer time is largely independent of the monomer sequence for different chain folds and scales as O(n(4)) with chain length, By using different starting points, we show that the method appears to find global minima. Since we can currently find stable states of 36-residue chains in 2.4 hours, the method may be practical for small proteins. C1 USN ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT COMP SCI & ENGN,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. RP Dill, KA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PHARMACEUT CHEM,3333 CALIF ST,ROOM 102,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118, USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1089/cmb.1997.4.227 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA XR809 UT WOS:A1997XR80900003 PM 9278057 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, FX TI Lagrange-Galerkin methods on spherical geodesic grids SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; INTEGRATION AB Lagrange-Galerkin finite element methods that are high-order accurate, exactly integrable, and highly efficient are presented. This paper derives generalized natural Cartesian coordinates in three dimensions for linear triangles on the surface of the sphere. By using these natural coordinates as the finite element basis functions we can integrate the corresponding integrals exactly thereby achieving a high level of accuracy and efficiency for modeling physical problems on the sphere. The discretization of the sphere is achieved by the use of a spherical geodesic triangular grid. A tree data structure that is inherent to this grid is introduced; this tree data structure exploits the property of the spherical geodesic grid, allowing for rapid searching of departure points which is essential to the Lagrange-Galerkin method. The generalized natural coordinates are also used for determining in which element the departure points lie. A comparison of the Lagrange-Galerkin method with an Euler-Galerkin method demonstrates the impressive lever of high order accuracy achieved by the Lagrange-Galerkin method at computational costs comparable or better than the Euler-Galerkin method. In addition, examples using advancing front unstructured grids illustrate the flexibility of the Lagrange-Galerkin method on different grid types, By introducing generalized natural coordinates and the tree data structure for the spherical geodesic grid, the Lagrange-Galerkin method can be used for solving practical problems on the sphere more accurately than current methods, yet requiring less computer time. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 136 IS 1 BP 197 EP 213 DI 10.1006/jcph.1997.5771 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA XU688 UT WOS:A1997XU68800013 ER PT J AU Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Butler, JE AF Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Butler, JE TI Molecular view of diamond CVD growth SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Microstructures, at the TMS 1997 Annual Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TMS DE computer simulation; chemical vapor deposition (CVD); diamond films; Monte Carlo ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SURFACE; FILMS; ACETYLENE; KINETICS; MECHANISM; REACTORS; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; CH3 AB In this paper, we discuss the simulation of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond films on the molecular scale, These simulations are performed using a kinetic Monte Carlo method that combines the surface chemistry that is important to diamond growth with an atomic-scale picture of the diamond surface and its evolving atomic structure and morphology. We address the determination of surface reaction kinetics and growth conditions from experiments and reactor-scale models, and the prediction of polycrystalline film texture and morphology from the molecular-scale results. The growth rates and the concentrations of incorporated point defects as a function of substrate temperature for {100}- and {111}-oriented diamond films are obtained from the molecular-scale growth simulations. The {100} growth rates increase with temperature up to 1200K and. then decrease above this value. The {111} growth rates increase with temperature at all of the temperatures studied. The concentrations of point defects in the {100} and {111} films are low at substrate temperatures below 1200K, but increase substantially at higher temperatures. The growth efficiency, measured as the ratio of film growth rate to defect concentration, is maximum between 1100-1200K for bath film orientations, suggesting that this temperature range is ideal for CVD diamond growth under the simulated growth conditions. C1 USN, RES LAB, GAS SURFACE DYNAM SECT, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 26 IS 9 BP 960 EP 965 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0231-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA XW113 UT WOS:A1997XW11300002 ER PT J AU Chau, JYM Hutter, JW Mork, TO Nicoll, BK AF Chau, JYM Hutter, JW Mork, TO Nicoll, BK TI An in vitro study of furcation perforation repair using calcium phosphate cement SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ROOT-CANAL SEALER; SEALING ABILITY; GLASS-IONOMER; SETTING CEMENT; PARIS BARRIERS; AMALGAM; TEETH; PLASTER; FILLER AB Furcation perforations created in the pulpal floors of 30 extracted human molars were repaired with either light-cured glass ionomer cement (GI), calcium phosphate cement (CPC), or light-cured glass ionomer cement placed over a CPC matrix (M). After the cement was set, the teeth were immersed in India Ink for 48 h, dried, and sectioned longitudinally. Dye penetration into the furcation repair was independently evaluated by three board-certified endodontists. There was no significant difference in the mean extent of dye leakage among the three experimental groups. The use of CPC, with its enhanced biocompatibility, potential for osteoconduction, and sealing ability, may improve the prognosis of teeth with furcation perforations. C1 USN,SCH DENT,ENDODONT DEPT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE COLL DENT SURG,SCH DENT,ADV SPECIALTY EDUC PROGRAM ENDODONT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USN,SCH DENT,ADV SPECIALTY EDUC PROGRAM ENDODONT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USN,SCH DENT,RES DEPT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 23 IS 9 BP 588 EP 592 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81129-5 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XU350 UT WOS:A1997XU35000010 PM 9587289 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Simon, TW AF Volino, RJ Simon, TW TI Measurements in a transitional boundary layer with Gortler vortices SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-GRADIENT; TURBULENCE; CURVATURE AB The laminar-turbulent transition process has been documented in a concave-wall boundary layer subject to low (0.6 percent) free-stream turbulence intensity. Transition began at a Reynolds number, Re-x (based on distance from the leading edge of the test wall), of 3.5 x 10(5) and was completed by 4.7 x 10(5). The transition was strongly influenced by the presence of stationary, streamwise, Gortler vortices. Transition under similar conditions has been documented in previous studies, but because concave-wall transition tends to be rapid measurements within the transition zone were sparse. In this study, emphasis is on measurements within the zone of intermittent flow. Twenty-five profiles of mean streamwise velocity, fluctuating streamwise velocity and intermittency have been acquired at five values of Re-x, and five spanwise locations relative to a Gortler vortex. The mean velocity profiles acquired near the vortex downwash sites exhibit inflection points and local minima. These minima, located in the outer part of the boundary layer, provide evidence of a ''tilting'' of the vortices in the spanwise direction. Profiles of fluctuating velocity and intermittency exhibit peaks near the locations of the minima in the mean velocity profiles. These peaks indicate that turbulence is generated in regions of high shear, which are relatively far from the wall. The transition mechanism in this flow is different from that on flat walls, where turbulence is produced in the near-wall region. The peak intermittency values in the profiles increase with Re-x, but do not follow the ''universal'' distribution observed in most flat-wall, transitional boundary layers. The results have applications whenever strong concave curvature may result in the formation of Gortler vortices in otherwise 2-D flows. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MECH ENGN,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 562 EP 568 DI 10.1115/1.2819281 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YA270 UT WOS:A1997YA27000012 ER PT J AU Oakley, TR Loth, E Adrian, RJ AF Oakley, TR Loth, E Adrian, RJ TI A two-phase cinematic PIV method for bubbly flows SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; PULSED SYSTEMS; SHEAR-LAYER; OPTIMIZATION; DYNAMICS AB A cinematic particle image velocimeter (PIV) for measurement of time varying fields in two-phase flow is described. This system has the capability to track detailed characteristics of individual bubbles moving through a turbulent flow field, e.g., size, shape, velocity, and acceleration, and simultaneously to measure the instantaneous fluid velocity field on a two-dimensional plane. The system employs an argon-ion laser, a rotating polygonal mirror and a single 35 mm movie camera. Two features of this technique are the ability to capture bubble trajectories for long periods of time and the use of bubble images which appear as two fine point images for each instant, from which centroid and diameter can be deduced. The instrument is evaluated in an experiment on the dispersion of nominally 3.5 mm diameter bubbles from a point source in a two stream, turbulent, planar free-shear layer. Characteristics of the fluid field and the bubble motion are described. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT THEORET & APPL MECH,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Oakley, TR (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,MCDONNELL DOUGLAS CORP,FLIGHT TEST,22098 JAMES RD,HANGAR 2133,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670, USA. RI Loth, Eric/C-5805-2008 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1115/1.2819302 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YA270 UT WOS:A1997YA27000033 ER PT J AU Puri, B Nelson, WM Henchal, EA Hoke, CH Eckels, KH Dubois, DR Porter, KR Hayes, CG AF Puri, B Nelson, WM Henchal, EA Hoke, CH Eckels, KH Dubois, DR Porter, KR Hayes, CG TI Molecular analysis of dengue virus attenuation after serial passage in primary dog kidney cells SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; RESISTANT MUTANTS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; TYPE-4 VIRUS; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROVIRULENCE; GENOME AB The complete nucleotide sequences of the genomes of dengue-l virus virulent 45AZ5 PDK-O and attenuated vaccine candidate strain 45AZ5 PDK-27 have been determined and compared with the dengue-1 virus Western Pacific (West Pac) 74 parent strain from which 45AZ5 PDK-O was derived. Twenty-five (0.23%) nucleotide and 10 (0.29%) amino acid substitutions occurred between parent strain dengue-1 virus West Pac 74 and virulent strain 45AZ5 PDK-O, which was derived from the parent by serial passage in diploid foetal rhesus lung (FRhL-2) and mutagenized with 5-azacytidine. These substitutions were preserved in the 45AZ5 PDK-27 vaccine. 45AZ5 PDK-O and PDK-27 strains, which differ by 27 passages in primary dog kidney (PDK) cells, show 25 (0.23%) nucleotide and 11 (0.32%) amino acid divergences. These comparative studies suggest that the changes which occurred between the West Pac 74 and 45AZ5 PDK-O strains may alter the biological properties of the virus but may not be important for attenuation. Important nucleotide base changes responsible for attenuation accumulated between 45AZ5 PDK-O and 27. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT VIRAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BIOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Puri, B (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,DEPT INFECT DIS,CODE 41,8901 WISCONSIN AVE,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 78 BP 2287 EP 2291 PN 9 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA XT710 UT WOS:A1997XT71000019 PM 9292016 ER PT J AU Fratantoni, DM Zantopp, RJ Johns, WE Miller, JL AF Fratantoni, DM Zantopp, RJ Johns, WE Miller, JL TI Updated bathymetry of the Anegada-Jungfern Passage complex and implications for Atlantic inflow to the abyssal Caribbean Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEEP AB Recent bathymetric, hydrographic and direct velocity measurements indicate that a previously unexplored deep passage in the northeastern Caribbean Sea may play a significant role in the abyssal ventilation of this basin. The Anegada-Jungfern Passage complex has long been recognized as the sole pathway for deep Atlantic inflow to the eastern Caribbean. The Anegada Passage (sill depth 1915 m) connects the Atlantic Ocean with the small Virgin Islands Basin, while Jungfern Passage (sill depth 1815 m) connects the latter with the large and deep Venezuela Basin comprising the eastern third of the Caribbean Sea. In the region of Jungfern Passage recent bathymetric measurements reveal additional, shallower routes for Atlantic inflow at depths between 1710 and 1630 m. Despite the relatively shallow controlling depths of these passages, direct measurements of velocity and watermass properties reveal an active inflow of water of Atlantic origin. Bathymetric and other oceanographic observations indicate that the previously unexplored Grappler Channel (sill depth 1710 m; located just west of Jungfern Passage) is responsible for up to 20% of the total inflow to the abyssal Caribbean from the mid-depth Atlantic (about 0.2 Sv). C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV METEOROL & PHYS OCEANOG,MIAMI,FL 33149. USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529. RP Fratantoni, DM (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT PHYS OCEANOG,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Fratantoni, David/C-7121-2011 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP 847 EP 860 DI 10.1357/0022240973224148 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YH097 UT WOS:A1997YH09700002 ER PT J AU Hendrix, NW Chauhan, SP Runzel, AR Counts, SL Magann, EF AF Hendrix, NW Chauhan, SP Runzel, AR Counts, SL Magann, EF TI Remote umbilical arterial blood gas analysis: Experience at two community hospitals SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE umbilical arterial acid-base; neonatal acidemia ID FETAL ACIDEMIA; DELIVERY; BIRTH; PH AB Objective: Regression equations permit determination of umbilical arterial acid-base analysis hours after delivery, and this is most beneficial at community hospitals. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the relative accuracy of remote umbilical arterial blood gas analysis at two community hospitals. Study design: For a month two health care providers obtained two umbilical arterial samples after each delivery. While one sample was analyzed within GO mill of delivery, the other syringe was refrigerated in ice, and the acid-base measurements were made at variable time intervals. Student's t test, Chi square, or Fisher exact lest were used where appropriate, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Both the incidence of neonatal acidemia (13/43 versus 3/35, P = 0.04) and the time interval from delivery to remote analysis (46.2 +/- 12.8 versus 31.9 +/- 14.4 h, P < 0.0001) were significantly different at the two hospitals. Yet, at the two hospitals, the calculated acid-base analysis had a similar ability to accurately identify whether a newborn was acidotic at birth (33/43 versus 26/35, P = 1.00). Moreover, at the two locations, use of mathematical equations and raw data from the remote analyses predicted similar incidences of pH greater than or equal to 7.20 and respiratory and metabolic acidemia as did the original umbilical arterial blood analyses (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). At the two centers, for the calculated pH < 7.20 to identify a newborn with acidemia, sensitivity, and specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 92-100, 70-72, 25-58, and 95-100%, respectively. Conclusion: It is feasible, with reasonable accuracy, to utilize remote umbilical arterial blood gas analysis at community hospitals. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. USN Hosp, Jacksonville, NC USA. Princeton Community Hosp, Princeton, WV USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Chauhan, SP (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1120 15th St,Room BAA 735, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0939-6322 J9 J MATERN-FETAL INVES JI J. Matern.-Fetal Invest. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YL695 UT WOS:000070983000006 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, D TI The Holocaust and strategic bombing: Genocide and total war in the twentieth century - Markusen,E, Kopf,D SO JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Moran, D (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-2801 J9 J MOD HIST JI J. Mod. Hist. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 69 IS 3 BP 568 EP 570 DI 10.1086/245546 PG 3 WC History SC History GA XX199 UT WOS:A1997XX19900026 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, GE TI The politics of legal reform in Palestine SO JOURNAL OF PALESTINE STUDIES LA English DT Article AB After briefly reviewing the legal systems in the West Band and Gaza front 1948 until the Oslo agreements, the author examines the major obstacles to creating a viable legal system in Palestine. These are the difficulties in unifying two distinct legal systems-the continental Jordanian system in the West Bank, and the Anglo-Saxon, common law system in Gaza-and the blurred lines of autority. The author argues that the Palestinian legal sector, where decision making has been characterized by uncertainty, diktat, and personalism, can be seen as a microcosm of PA politics. In both the legal sector and in general, the PA has created a ''politics of antithesis'' to consolidate its own power. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93940, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0377-919X J9 J PALESTINE STUD JI J. Palest. Stud. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1525/jps.1997.27.1.00p0162j PG 10 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA YH713 UT WOS:A1997YH71300004 ER PT J AU Tanzer, DJ McClatchey, SK AF Tanzer, DJ McClatchey, SK TI Spontaneous hyphema secondary to a prominent pupillary membrane in a neonate SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY & STRABISMUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 21-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0191-3913 J9 J PEDIAT OPHTH STRAB JI J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 318 EP 320 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics SC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics GA XX147 UT WOS:A1997XX14700013 PM 9310924 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Perrie, W AF Lin, RQ Perrie, W TI A new coastal wave model .3. Nonlinear wave-wave interaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE WATER-WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; EDGE WAVES; INSTABILITIES; EXCITATION; EVOLUTION AB Resonant wave-wave interaction processes are studied with the nonlinear dispersion relationship for shallow water. The formulation was derived based on a Hamiltonian representation first reported by Zakharov. Results show that four waves are needed for resonant interactions at all depths. Furthermore, when the nonlinear dispersion relationship for waves in intermediate water is considered, two interaction modes can result depending on the water depth and the nonlinearity: (i) in deep water the classic Phillips interactions dominate, involving four waves of comparable wavelengths, whereas (ii) in shallow water the dominant interactions still consist of four waves, but with one component of vanishingly small wavenumber. As an approximate asymptotic limit, the latter become triadic shoaling wave interactions. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,BEDFORD INST OCEANOG,OCEAN SCI DIV,DARTMOUTH,NS B2Y 4A2,CANADA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), HYDROMECH DIRECTORATE,CARDEROCK DIV,DAVID TAYLOR MODEL BASIN,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1813 EP 1826 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1813:ANCWMP>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XX164 UT WOS:A1997XX16400001 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI Sixth-order difference scheme for sigma coordinate ocean models SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB How to reduce the horizontal pressure gradient error is a key issue of using a-coordinate ocean models, especially of using primitive equation models for coastal regions. The error is caused by the splitting of the horizontal pressure gradient term into two parts and the subsequent incomplete cancellation of the truncation errors of those parts. Due to the fact that the higher the order of the difference scheme, the less the truncation error and the more complicated the computation, a sixth-order difference scheme for the a-coordinate ocean models is proposed in order to reduce error without increasing complexity of the computation. After the analytical error estimation, the Semi-spectral Primitive Equation Model is used to demonstrate the benefit of using this scheme. The stability and accuracy are compared with those of the second-order and fourth-order schemes in a series of calculations of unforced flow in the vicinity of an isolated seamount. The sixth-order scheme is shown to have error reductions by factors of 5 compared to the fourth-order difference scheme and by factors of 50 compared to the second-order difference scheme over a wide range of parameter space as well as a great parametric domain of numerical stability. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,CODE OC-CU,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 8 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 27 IS 9 BP 2064 EP 2071 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2064:SODSFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XX164 UT WOS:A1997XX16400018 ER PT J AU Shen, YT Remmers, KD Jiang, CW AF Shen, YT Remmers, KD Jiang, CW TI Effects of ship hull and propeller on rudder cavitation SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Ship trial observation and drydock inspection of a surface ship combatant show that rudder cavitation can be a real problem in terms of ship operation and maintenance. A project has been initiated by the Navy (a) to identify fleet rudder cavitation problem, (b) to investigate experimentally and numerically hull/propeller effects on rudder cavitation, and (c) to develop methods to incorporate propeller/rudder interaction into the future rudder design for cavitation improvement. Experiments were carried out at the Navy's Large Cavitation Channel (LCC) with a geosim model of a fleet rudder, propeller and ship hull of a surface combatant. Two-component Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) was used to measure the field velocity and inflow angles in the propeller slipstream. A dynamometer and pressure taps were used to measure rudder lift, drag and pressure distributions. Influence of the ship hull and propeller on rudder forces, pressure distribution, and cavitation performance are compared with numerical calculations. The resemblance between the model rudder cavitation pattern in the LCC and full-scale cavitation erosion pattern observed in the dry dock is discussed. RP Shen, YT (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,DAVID TAYLOR MODEL BASIN,CARDEROCK,MD, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 172 EP 180 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA XX331 UT WOS:A1997XX33100002 ER PT J AU Gardner, WJR AF Gardner, WJR TI The rules of the game: Jutland and British naval command. SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Gardner, WJR (reprint author), USN, Hist Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 142 EP 144 DI 10.1080/01402399708437691 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA YL626 UT WOS:000070975300007 ER PT J AU Lin, CY AbdelHamid, T Sherif, JS AF Lin, CY AbdelHamid, T Sherif, JS TI Software-Engineering Process Simulation model (SEPS) SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article ID COST; PRODUCTIVITY; UTILITY AB This paper describes the Software-Engineering Process Simulation (SEPS) model developed at JPL. SEPS is a dynamic simulation model of the software project-development process. It uses the feedback principles of system dynamics to simulate the dynamic interactions among various software life-cycle development activities and management decision-making processes. The model is designed to be a planning tool to examine trade-offs of cost, schedule, and functionality, and to test the implications of different managerial policies on a project's outcome. Furthermore, SEPS will enable software managers to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of software project development and perform postmortem assessments. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 CALIF STATE UNIV FULLERTON,FULLERTON,CA 92634. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 3 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0164-1212(96)00156-2 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA XK249 UT WOS:A1997XK24900007 ER PT J AU Stottlemyer, TR Apfel, RE AF Stottlemyer, TR Apfel, RE TI The effects of surfactant additives on the acoustic and light emissions from a single stable sonoluminescing bubble SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS AB The localized concentration of energy during a single bubble collapse is manifested in two forms, which are the emission of an acoustic pulse, and the emission of a light pulse. Through precise control of experimental parameters, one can levitate a single bubble in a standing wave field and measure the magnitude of the acoustic and light pulses resulting from the violent collapse of the cavity. The information acquired from such measurements provides better understanding of the mechanisms that are responsible for the emissions, which may lead to the practical application of controlled bubble implosions. An experimental apparatus was developed to measure the acoustic and light emissions from a single, stable sonoluminescing bubble. Two surfactant additives were studied to determine the effects on the bubble emissions, Triton X-100, which has previously been shown to provide free interfacial motion, reduced the magnitude of both the acoustic and light pulses from the bubble. The protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) which has been shown to hinder interfacial motion, allowed the bubble to be driven to higher acoustic pressures, and resulted in an increase in the magnitude of the light pulses from the bubble. Images of the sonoluminescing bubble indicate Chat the collapse remains spherical in the cases presented, and that bubble translation can be correlated with weak acoustic and light emissions. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. C1 YALE UNIV, DEPT MECH ENGN, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA. RP Stottlemyer, TR (reprint author), USN, UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR, CODE 3113, NEWPORT, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1418 EP 1423 DI 10.1121/1.420100 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XW372 UT WOS:A1997XW37200017 PM 9301048 ER PT J AU Corsaro, RD Houston, B Bucaro, JA AF Corsaro, RD Houston, B Bucaro, JA TI Sensor-actuator tile for underwater surface impedance control studies SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An actuator-sensor tile has been developed for use in studies examining the issues involved in actively controlling the reflection and transmission characteristics of generic underwater structures. The tile is 25 cm square and contains a full area actuator, acoustic pressure sensor, and (acoustic particle) velocity sensor. This paper presents the predictive models used in the tile design. Issues addressed include transducer performance, spatial sampling, near-field sensing, internal resonances, and both direct and extraneous coupling mechanisms, all of which can contribute to complicate the system transfer functions. The acoustic characteristics of the final tile were evaluated at the NRL Laboratory for Structural Acoustics (LSA) and these results are compared with predictions. RP Corsaro, RD (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, CODE 7130, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1573 EP 1581 DI 10.1121/1.420103 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XW372 UT WOS:A1997XW37200034 ER PT J AU Barrett, TL Smith, KJ Hodge, JJ Butler, R Hall, FW Skelton, HG AF Barrett, TL Smith, KJ Hodge, JJ Butler, R Hall, FW Skelton, HG TI Immunohistochemical nuclear staining for p53, PCNA, and Ki-67 in different histologic variants of basal cell carcinoma SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; GROWTH-PATTERN; ANTIGEN CYCLIN; PHASE AB Background: Increased expression of p53 has been found in the majority of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs); however, UV-light-induced signature mutations are present in only about 50% of eases. Increased nuclear staining with an immunohistochemical marker of proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), has been correlated with aggressive behavior in BCC. Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether there is any relationship between different histologic variants of BCC and, their expression of p53, PCNA, and Ki-67. Methods: We used immunohistochemical stains for p53, PCNA, and Ki-67, in superficial-multicentric, nodular-noduloulcerative, sclerosing, infiltrative, and metatypical BCC, to determine whether the staining patterns differ in these different histologic variants of BCC. Results: Superficial-multicentric BCCs were negative for p53 in four of eight tumors. Nodular BCC showed moderately intense p53 nuclear staining with some peripheral accentuation. PCNA nuclear staining was greater than Ki-67, and PCNA-positive cells were fewer than 10% in nodular BCC. Sclerosing and infiltrative BCC showed intense p53 nuclear staining with peripheral accentuation, PCNA nuclear staining was greater than Ki-67, and PCNA-positive cells were greater than 30% in the majority of these tumors. Metatypical BCCs showed diffuse intense p53 staining. PCNA nuclear staining was greater than Ki-67, and PCNA-positive cells were greater than 30% in all tumors studied, When overlying actinic keratoses showed p53 staining, the staining did not necessarily correlate with the intensity or even the presence of positive staining in the subjacent BCC. Conclusion: There are at least four distinctive patterns for staining of p53, PCNA, and Ki-67 that correlate with different histologic variants of BCC. C1 USN, MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, SAN DIEGO, CA USA. ARMY MED RES INST CHEM DEF, DEPT DERMATOL, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA. LAB CORP AMER, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RP Barrett, TL (reprint author), USN, MED CTR, DEPT DERMATOL, SAN DIEGO, CA 92132 USA. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70145-2 PN 1 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XW856 UT WOS:A1997XW85600011 PM 9308559 ER PT J AU Patterson, C AF Patterson, C TI The economics of ordering inventory SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Supplies constitute a major overhead expense in every dental practice. the real cost of supplies includes the ordering cost, the carrying cost and the acquisition cost. At the ideal ordering volume, the impact of these three factors is minimized and the lowest true cost is realized. This article describes two formulas that will help dental practices in determining their correct: ordering volume and making accurate purchase decisions. Practices can achieve significant cost reductions by using these two simple techniques. C1 USN,INST DENT RES,GREAT LAKES,IL. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1293 EP 1295 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XV194 UT WOS:A1997XV19400020 PM 9297953 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, MK Zabetakis, P Cotell, CM Larabie, M Nation, P AF Dasgupta, MK Zabetakis, P Cotell, CM Larabie, M Nation, P TI Silver- and hydroxyapatite coated catheters differ in their capacity to spread Staphylococcus aureus exit-tunnel infection. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LENOX HILL HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. USN,RES LAB,SURFACE MODIFICAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV ALBERTA,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2M7,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP A1206 EP A1206 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XY103 UT WOS:A1997XY10301206 ER PT J AU Lewis, PAW Ray, BK AF Lewis, PAW Ray, BK TI Modeling long-range dependence, nonlinearity, and periodic phenomena in sea surface temperatures using TSMARS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE adaptive spline threshold autoregressive models; forecasting; long memory; multivariate adaptive regression splines; nonlinear time series; threshold autoregression ID SYSTEMS AB We analyze a time series of 20 years of daily sea surface temperatures measured off the California coast. The temperatures exhibit quite complicated features, such as effects on many different time scales, nonlinear effects, and long-range dependence. We show how a time series version of the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithm, TSMARS, can be used to obtain univariate adaptive spline threshold autoregressive models :hat capture many of the physical characteristics of the temperatures and are useful for short-and long-term prediction. We also discuss practical modeling issues, such as handling cycles, long-range dependence, and concurrent predictor time series using TSMARS. Models for the temperatures are evaluated using out-of-sample forecast comparisons, residual diagnostics, model skeletons, and sample functions of simulated series. We show that a categorical seasonal indicator variable can be used to model nonlinear structure in the data that is changing with time of year, but find that none of the models captures all of the cycles apparent in the data. C1 NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,DEPT MATH,NEWARK,NJ 07102. NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,CTR APPL MATH & STAT,NEWARK,NJ 07102. RP Lewis, PAW (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OPERAT RES,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 92 IS 439 BP 881 EP 893 DI 10.2307/2965552 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA XU878 UT WOS:A1997XU87800008 ER PT J AU Goggin, KJ Zisook, S Heaton, RK Atkinson, JH Marshall, S McCutchan, JA Chandler, JL Grant, I AF Goggin, Kathy J. Zisook, Sidney Heaton, Robert K. Atkinson, J. Hampton Marshall, Sandra McCutchan, J. Allen Chandler, James L. Grant, Igor CA The HNRC Grp TI Neuropsychological performance of HIV-1 infected men with major depression SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; Major depression; Neuropsychological impairment; Cognitive functioning AB This study sought to determine if human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infected depressed men were more likely to be neuropsychologically impaired than their nondepressed counterparts. Subjects were 47 HIV-1 infected men who met DSM-III-R criteria for current major depressive disorder (MDD) and 47 HIV-1 infected nondepressed male controls (M age = 34.2 years) equated on HIV-1 disease severity, demographics, and drug use. The psychiatric interview included the Structured Clinical Inventory for the DSM-III-R, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The neuropsychological battery included tests covering 8 functional domains based on an expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery. The medical assessment included a history and physical examination, immunologic staging, and evaluation of prescription and recreational drug use. Prevalence of global neuropsychological impairment in the two groups (depressed vs. control) did not differ [53% vs. 38% respectively; chi(2)(1, N = 94) = 2.11, p > .05]. While syndromically depressed patients performed less well than nondepressed individuals on memory tests [delayed retention portions of the Story Memory Test: F(1,91) = 5.34, p < .05; and Figure Memory Test: F(1,90) = 4.16, p < .05], the majority of depressed participants (64%) did not have clinically impaired memory. No relationship between neuropsychological impairment and severity of depression was observed. The results suggest that, while HIV-1 infected men with major depression may perform more poorly than nondepressed men on some aspects of memory tasks, they are not more likely to evidence clinically significant neurocognitive impairment. (JINS, 1997, 3, 457-463.) C1 [Goggin, Kathy J.; Marshall, Sandra] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Goggin, Kathy J.] Univ Calif, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA USA. [Zisook, Sidney; Heaton, Robert K.; Atkinson, J. Hampton; McCutchan, J. Allen; Grant, Igor] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Atkinson, J. Hampton; Grant, Igor] San Diego VA Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Chandler, James L.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Zisook, S (reprint author), UCSD, Dept Psychiat V 0603, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NIMH Center grant [MH45294]; Aaron Diamond Foundation FX The principal support for the HNRC is provided by NIMH Center grant MH45294 (HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center). Additional support was provided by MH43298 (Neuro-psychiatric Sequelae of HTLV-III Infections). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the United States Government. The first author is currently supported by the Aaron Diamond Foundation. The authors wish to thank Delwyn Catley, M.S., Dr. Diane Jacobs, and Dr. Judith Rabkin for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1355-6177 J9 J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC JI J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 5 BP 457 EP 463 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA V27SU UT WOS:000208633700007 PM 9322405 ER PT J AU Moskowitz, L Trelewicz, K AF Moskowitz, L Trelewicz, K TI HVOF coatings for heavy-wear, fligh-impact applications SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aircraft hookpoints; comparative properties tests; HVOF process; spray and fuse; wear-resistant coatings AB The aircraft hookpoint used for an arrested landing is exposed to various forms of heavy wear and impact. Nowhere is this more true than training field landings, where the hookpoint is subjected to drag along a concrete runway for possibly thousands of feet awhile flying ai high speeds and heavy downloads, After extensive screening, a series of materials were subjected to special impact tests and concrete wear tests, Ten coatings, applied by thermal spray, were selected for future arrestment testing on the basis of these results. C1 USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,LAKEHURST,NJ 08733. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s11666-997-0061-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA XV737 UT WOS:A1997XV73700034 ER PT J AU Ferrer, FA McKenna, PH Bauer, B Miller, SF Torkilson, J AF Ferrer, FA McKenna, PH Bauer, B Miller, SF Torkilson, J TI The effect of Wilms tumor chemotherapy on contralateral renal growth after nephrectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Urology, American-Academy-of-Pediatrics CY OCT 26-28, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Acad Pediat, Sect Urol DE kidney; nephrectomy; growth; drug therapy; Wilms' tumor ID SCLEROSIS; KIDNEY; SIZE; INTEROBSERVER; INTRAOBSERVER; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; RAT AB Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of current Wilms tumor chemotherapy on renal growth and function after unilateral nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: Yorkshire piglets were Enrolled in 2 study groups: group 1-6 underwent unilateral nephrectomy and placebo infusion, and group 2-10 underwent nephrectomy, and infusion of 1.5 mcg./kg, actinomycin D and 0.75 mcg./m.(2) vincristine according to the National Wilms Tumor Study 4 protocol. Weekly measurements of renal size by ultrasound and gross specimens at sacrifice at age II weeks were examined and weekly laboratory studies were recorded, Growth rates of renal length and volume were evaluated by linear regression analysis. Terminal renal length and volume were compared between groups. Results: Mean slope plus or minus standard deviation of the rate of growth in length in the control and chemotherapy groups was 0.067 +/- 0,004 and 0.074 +/- 0.011, respectively (p less than or equal to 0.148, not statistically significant), Mean slope of growth in volume was 1.401 +/- 0.240 versus 1,642 +/- 0.456 (p less than or equal to 0.252), average terminal renal length was 10.71 +/- 1.02 versus 11.58 +/- 1.03 cm. (p less than or equal to 0.13, not significant) and mean final volume was 128.67 +/- 32.41 versus 137 +/- 32.52 cc (p less than or equal to 0.65). No differences in final serum creatinine levels were noted. Conclusions: Chemotherapy for Wilms tumor did not adversely affect contralateral renal growth or function in a nephrectomized piglet model. C1 CONNECTICUT CHILDRENS MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT UROL,HARTFORD,CT 06106. USN,REG MED CTR,PORTSMOUTH,VA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 158 IS 3 BP 1086 EP 1089 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64394-5 PN 2 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XP870 UT WOS:A1997XP87000021 PM 9258147 ER PT J AU Chi, PH Simons, DS Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD AF Chi, PH Simons, DS Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD TI Repeatability of Si concentration measurements in Si-doped GaN films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID ION; EPITAXY; ENERGY AB In high mass resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry Cs+ depth profile measurements of Si in GaN films, the secondary ion intensity ratio of Si-28(-) to the matrix Ga-69(-) signal has been observed to be poorly repeatable from measurement to measurement. In some cases the Ga-69(-) signals from adjacent areas showed different intensity levels even though the Si-28(-) intensities were similar. Variation of the Ga-69(-) matrix signal from run to run creates a large uncertainty in the determination of the Si concentration in a GaN film when a relative. sensitivity factor is used. The changes in Ga-69(-) intensity from repeat measurements have been determined to be affected by the instrument vacuum condition, ion energy distribution, sample charging, and type of sample holder used in the measurement. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2565 EP 2568 DI 10.1116/1.580772 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA XY204 UT WOS:A1997XY20400019 ER PT J AU Stumborg, MF Santiago, F Chu, TK Boulais, KA AF Stumborg, MF Santiago, F Chu, TK Boulais, KA TI Deposition of GaAs (111) epilayers on BaF2 (111)/Si (100) heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; BARIUM AB The epitaxial deposition of (111)-oriented GaAs on substrates consisting of BaF2 (111)/Si (100) heterostructures has been investigated. The temperature dependence (from 575 to 650 degrees C in 25 degrees C steps) of the initial stages of deposition was examined. Substrates were exposed to Ga and As fluxes simultaneously during these depositions. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction showed that the GaAs grows epitaxially between 575 and 625 degrees C. The amount of material adhering to the surface during deposition decreases as the substrate temperature increases. GaAs does not adhere to the surface at 650 degrees C. Analysis of the Ba 3d(5/2) photoelectron peak indicated a surface chemical reaction between Ba and the GaAs. In order to determine which species was reacting with the Ba atoms, a BaF2 (111) surface was exposed separately to Ga and As fluxes at 625 degrees C and to Ga at 650 degrees C. No chemical interactions were observed, indicating that the presence of both species is required before the chemical reaction and subsequent epitaxial deposition will occur. A chemical reaction that produces a gaseous GaF byproduct resulting in a Ba ''template'' layer is proposed. This Ba layer facilitates the epitaxial deposition of the GaAs layer. RP Stumborg, MF (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2473 EP 2477 DI 10.1116/1.580912 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA XY204 UT WOS:A1997XY20400003 ER PT J AU Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ Dulcey, CS Koloski, TS Shirey, LM Schmidt, J Calvert, JM AF Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ Dulcey, CS Koloski, TS Shirey, LM Schmidt, J Calvert, JM TI Nanolithography by displacement of catalytic metal clusters using an atomic force microscope tip SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; BICONTINUOUS CUBIC PHASE; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; MONOLAYER FILMS; ELECTROLESS METALLIZATION; PROBE MICROSCOPE; NANOMETER SCALE; LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; FABRICATION AB The use of catalytically active nanoclusters as a novel material for atomic force microscope (AFM) nanolithography is demonstrated. Films were prepared from colloidal Au nanoparticles and giant Pd clusters. Lithographic patterns were generated using the contact area of the AFM tip to physically displace nanoclusters, forming two-dimensional patterns on silicon oxide and functionalized silicon surfaces. Linewidth was found to depend on the force applied to the nanoparticles and the number of tip passes used to generate the pattern. Conditions were optimized to clear scanned areas using minimum applied force. Patterned films were used as templates for the selective deposition of electroless metal, which served as a robust plasma etch mask for pattern transfer into the underlying substrate to a depth of 200 nm. Minimum linewidths of approximately 35 nm were achieved in etched samples. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(97)00105-4]. C1 INTEGUMENT TECHNOL, KENMORE, NY 14217 USA. USN, RES LAB, NANOELECT PROC FACIL, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. INST CHARLES SADRON, CNRS, F-67083 STRASBOURG, FRANCE. RP Brandow, SL (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN, CODE 6950, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1818 EP 1824 DI 10.1116/1.589531 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YC387 UT WOS:A1997YC38700042 ER PT J AU McNelley, TR McMahon, ME AF McNelley, TR McMahon, ME TI Microtexture and grain boundary evolution during microstructural refinement processes in SUPRAL 2004 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FCC METALS; ALUMINUM; RECRYSTALLIZATION; SIMULATION; TEXTURES; ALLOY AB Electron backscatter pattern (EBSP) analysis of as-processed, processed and-annealed, and super-plastically deformed specimens of commercially processed SUPRAL 2004 material has been employed to reveal the boundary misorientation distribution and evolution. Earlier studies using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy on this alloy have attributed the transition to microstructures capable of supporting extensive superplastic flow to continuous recrystallization occurring early in the deformation process. The micro-and mesotextural data of the present study show that the deformation texture evident in the as-processed material persists without the formation of recrystallization texture components and remains up to the apparent onset of the grain boundary sliding (GBS) regime. Comparison of the correlated and uncorrelated boundary misorientation data illustrates that, the development of boundaries misoriented by similar to 5 to 15 deg is not random in nature. There is no evidence of recrystallization involving the formation and migration of high-angle boundaries during the refinement process. Microtextural and boundary data from this study provide evidence that the microstructural transition enabling superplastic mechanical behavior of,SUPRAL 2004 may be described by a recovery-dominated, continuous process involving the development of moderately misoriented boundaries and leading to a refined microstructure with a boundary distribution of low interfacial energy character. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT MECH ENGN,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1879 EP 1887 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0118-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XV862 UT WOS:A1997XV86200015 ER PT J AU Lohrmann, DR AF Lohrmann, DR TI Instrument offers highly-sensitive refractivity testing SO MICROWAVES & RF LA English DT Article AB MEASUREMENT of the refractive index of electromagnetic waves is essential in applications such as the evaluation of ducting conditions in marine radar systems, Conventional techniques for measuring these electromagnetic properties are susceptible to frequency drift from oscillators in the test setup, An instrument termed the differential refractometer overcomes this problem to provide highly sensitive and stable measurement of the difference in refractive index between two samples of air,,rendering it useful for detection of radar ducting. RP Lohrmann, DR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5747,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENTON PUBL INC PI CLEVELAND PA 1100 SUPERIOR AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44114 SN 0745-2993 J9 MICROWAVES RF JI Microw. RF PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 9 BP 69 EP & PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XX027 UT WOS:A1997XX02700008 ER PT J AU Taylor, HA McGowan, LM Hayes, SM AF Taylor, HA McGowan, LM Hayes, SM TI The maternity care practice of Navy family practice residency graduates while on active duty SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background and Objectives: Military family practice residency programs produce a high percentage of graduates who provide maternity care. This study will define the scope of maternity care practice for one military family practice residency program's graduates while they were serving on active duty in the U.S. Navy, Methods: Two hundred eight surviving graduates of the family practice residency at Naval Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida, from 1971 to 1995 were surveyed by mail regarding their maternity care practice while on active duty. One hundred eighty-one (87%) responded to the survey, and the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Findings: The vast majority of these Navy family practice residency graduates provided prenatal care (88.4%) and routine vaginal delivery services (85.1%) while on active duty. The majority repaired third-and fourth-degree perineal Lacerations and per-formed vacuum-or forceps-assisted vaginal delivery, Additionally, a significant minority provided more advanced maternity care services such as dilation and curettage, tubal ligation, and cesarean section, The overwhelming majority (97%) of these graduates felt that their residency education had adequately prepared them to provide these maternity care services while on active duty. Conclusions: During the past 25 years, Navy residency-trained family physicians provided a wide range of maternity care services while on active duty and felt that their Navy residency training program had prepared them well to meet this responsibility. RP Taylor, HA (reprint author), NAVAL HOSP,2080 CHILD ST,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32214, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 162 IS 9 BP 620 EP 622 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU718 UT WOS:A1997XU71800011 PM 9290299 ER PT J AU Carr, LE Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL AF Carr, LE Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL TI Observational evidence for alternate modes of track-altering binary tropical cyclone scenarios SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SCALE VORTICES; MOTION; EVOLUTION AB An observational study of western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TC) revealed many cases of two TCs whose tracks were altered by processes that were quite different from the mutual advection (Fujiwhara-type) processes. Thus, four conceptual models are proposed to describe these track alterations. A conceptual model called direct interaction is proposed that is a modification of one by Lander and Holland and has three modes: 1) a one-way influence in which the track of a smaller TC that is embedded in the circulation of a larger TC has a cyclonic orbiting motion, but no significant track alteration of the larger TC is apparent; 2) a similar case in which a mutual advection occurs with the tracks of both the smaller and larger TCs being altered; and 3) a subset of 2) in which the mutual advection includes an attraction component such that the two similarly sized TC circulations eventually merge into a larger circulation with a single center. During the 7-yr period (1989-95), the one-way influence, mutual interaction, and merger modes were detected seven, three, and two times. A semidirect interaction conceptual model is proposed in which the two TCs have a relative cyclonic rotation as in the Lander and Holland model, but the TCs are separated by 10 degrees-20 degrees longitude so that a direct (advective-type) interaction is excluded. Rather, the track alteration is attributed to an environmental flow established by the juxtaposition of a TC on one side and a subtropical anticyclone cell on the opposite side. In an east-west orientation of the two TCs and a subtropical anticyclone cell to the east (west), the height gradient between the western (eastern) TC and the eastern (western) subtropical anticyclone establishes a poleward (equatorward) environmental steering flow across the eastern (western) TC. In the 1989-95 sample, a semidirect interaction that altered the tracks of the eastern or the western TC occurred 18 and 14 times, respectively. An indirect interaction conceptual model is proposed in which the distinguishing feature is the Rossby wave dispersion-induced anticyclone to the east and equatorward of the western TC. This anticyclone imposes an equatorward (poleward) steering how across the eastern (western) TC. Several variations of the indirect interaction are possible depending on the separation distance, sizes of each TC, and their relative orientation. During the 7-yr period, an indirect interaction affecting the western TC or the eastern TC occurred 36 and 22 times, respectively. A fourth conceptual model of track alterations involving two TCs is proposed in conjunction with a reverse-oriented monsoon trough formation. The distinguishing feature of this conceptual model is the combination of the peripheral anticyclones of both TCs as the eastern TC moves into an east-west orientation and has a separation of 10 degrees-20 degrees longitude. In the 1989-95 sample, a reverse-oriented trough formation involving two TCs occurred seven times. The frequency of track alterations whenever two TCs are present emphasizes that forecasters must give special attention to such situations. The four conceptual models proposed here emphasize that the physical mechanisms are complex and in the vast majority of cases cannot be attributed to the mutual advection (Fujiwhara-type) process implied in the Lander and Holland model. RP Carr, LE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,CODE MR-CR,589 DYER RD,ROOM 254,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 125 IS 9 BP 2094 EP 2111 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2094:OEFAMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XU111 UT WOS:A1997XU11100006 ER PT J AU Kruse, DK AF Kruse, DK TI ASNE symposia SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Kruse, DK (reprint author), USN,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 109 IS 5 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XZ256 UT WOS:A1997XZ25600002 ER PT J AU Hancock, WJ AF Hancock, WJ TI Expeditionary logistics SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Hancock, WJ (reprint author), USN,OPERAT LOGIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 109 IS 5 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XZ256 UT WOS:A1997XZ25600003 ER PT J AU Elbinger, SZ Routier, R AF Elbinger, SZ Routier, R TI 3D visualization applied to electromagnetic engineering SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Over the past few years, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea) Topside Design Group has conducted extensive development of the electromagnetics code for naval ship topside design. Analysis of computational electromagnetic data has long been a challenging task for surface ship designers. There are a number of very good computational models for analyzing a surface ship's electromagnetic characteristics. Unfortunately, the output of these models consist of huge matrices of real numbers that are very difficult to analyze. This paper sill show how NavSea, in conjunction with Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center RDT&E Division (NCCOSC/NRaD) and Rockwell International, is using computer graphics to help surface ship topside designers optimize the electromagnetic characteristics of a ship's design. NavSea has developed 2D and 3D scientific data visualization tools that provide an intuitive ''feel'' for the output of the numeric computational electromagnetic models. This paper will also describe how industrial software standards and fast, inexpensive graphics engines will provide electromagnetic design engineers with much more capable, robust, flexible, portable, and economical scientific visualization tools. RP Elbinger, SZ (reprint author), USN,SEA SYST COMMAND,COMBAT SYST BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 109 IS 5 BP 31 EP 45 PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XZ256 UT WOS:A1997XZ25600007 ER PT J AU Duren, BG Pollard, JR AF Duren, BG Pollard, JR TI Building ships as a system: An approach to total ship integration SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper considers an effort to reinvent the process by which the Navy transforms operational requirements into warships. The objective is to articulate a framework and strategy for implementing a total ship system engineering approach. Three factors drive the effort: involve the warfighters in the design process; adopt a ''system of systems'' framework for integration; and continually improve the acquisition process. The strategy is illustrated by consideration of control structure on a total ship basis. The work has been conducted as a collaborative effort involving three Navy warfare centers and various headquarters activities in Washington, D.C. RP Duren, BG (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,COMBAT SYST DEPT,DAHLGREN DIV,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 109 IS 5 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XZ256 UT WOS:A1997XZ25600008 ER PT J AU Scott, H Kuehn, RG AF Scott, H Kuehn, RG TI ISO certification and the Department of Defense SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The leaders of the United States Government are advocating a new way of doing business, because the Department of Defense (DoD) budget has been declining since the Reagan administration. With this decline comes the realization that private industry and the government can no longer afford the detailed government funded standards and related management bureaucracy. The value added by these standards is not visible to the higher-levels of the DoD. In an economy that is turning global, an international (non-governmental sponsored) standard such as ISO 9000 (ISO) has high appeal. ISO does not do away with standards, it is one. ISO provides uniformity and standardization via training of registrars, certification of processes, and periodic audits. A more consistent set of audit findings allows managers to focus on product and functional issues. The Coast Guard Yard at Baltimore, Maryland and the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division are already certified and the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division is now joining them. The lessons learned are: know the registrar, plan, work the plan, and learn from others. Most of all, get management support at all levels. RP Scott, H (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CRANE DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 109 IS 5 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA XZ256 UT WOS:A1997XZ25600011 ER PT J AU Ashton, EA AF Ashton, EA TI Evaluation of multiband signal-to-clutter ratio as a performance metric for multispectral detection SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multispectral; HYDICE; detection; band selection RP Ashton, EA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5621,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2618 EP 2621 DI 10.1117/1.601487 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA XV846 UT WOS:A1997XV84600035 ER PT J AU Dennis, ML Putnam, MA Kang, JU Tsai, TE Duling, IN Friebele, EJ AF Dennis, ML Putnam, MA Kang, JU Tsai, TE Duling, IN Friebele, EJ TI Grating sensor array demodulation by use of a passively mode-locked fiber laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENTATION; LOCKING; SYSTEM; FILTER AB A fiber Bragg grating sensor array is interrogated by use of a passively mode-locked fiber laser source. A novel demodulation scheme that uses highly dispersive fiber to convert the grating wavelength shift to a temporal shift in the arrival time of the reflected pulses is demonstrated. The source bandwidth of >85 nm permits interrogation of many-grating arrays, and the demodulation technique permits fast sensing of large strains. RP Dennis, ML (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Kang, Jin/A-3228-2010 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 17 BP 1362 EP 1364 DI 10.1364/OL.22.001362 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA XU425 UT WOS:A1997XU42500028 PM 18188240 ER PT J AU Marchette, DJ Lorey, RA Priebe, CE AF Marchette, DJ Lorey, RA Priebe, CE TI An analysis of local feature extraction in digital mammography SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE image processing; feature extraction; local features; boundary gating AB A fundamental problem of automating the detection and recognition of abnormalities in digital mammograms utilizing computational statistics is one of extracting the appropriate features for use in a classification system. Several feature sets have been proposed although none have been shown to be sufficient for the problem. Many of these features tend to be local in nature, which means their calculation requires a connected region of the image over which an average or other statistic is extracted. The implicit assumption is that the region is homogeneous, but this is rarely the case if a fixed window is used for the calculation. We consider a method of using boundaries to segment the window into more homogeneous regions for use in the feature extraction calculation. This approach is applied to the problem of discriminating between tumor and healthy tissue in digital mammography. A set of 21 images, each containing a biopsied mass, is described. The results of the boundary-gated feature extraction methodology on this image set shows a difference in distribution between tissue interior to the mass and tissue far away from the mass. Less difference is discernible when boundaries are not used in the feature extraction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT MATH SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. RP Marchette, DJ (reprint author), USN, CTR SURFACE WARFARE, B10, DAHLGREN, VA 22448 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1016/S0031-3203(96)00173-2 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XM252 UT WOS:A1997XM25200014 ER PT J AU Mazurek, MT Hennrikus, WL Mitts, KG AF Mazurek, MT Hennrikus, WL Mitts, KG TI The use of in-line skating safety equipment by children: Behavior changes after sustaining a fracture SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. VALLEY CHILDRENS HOSP,FRESNO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP 474 EP 474 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XU278 UT WOS:A1997XU27800104 ER PT J AU Manos, RE Gillingham, BL Hennrikus, W AF Manos, RE Gillingham, BL Hennrikus, W TI The incidence of metatarsus adductus and associations with developmental dysplasia of the hip and torticollis: A prospective study of 4,035 newborns SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. VALLEY CHILDRENS HOSP,FRESNO,CA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP 482 EP 482 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XU278 UT WOS:A1997XU27800127 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, M Gillespie, DJ Snyder, JE Tritt, TM AF Rubinstein, M Gillespie, DJ Snyder, JE Tritt, TM TI Effects of Gd, Co, and Ni doping in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3: Resistivity, thermopower, and paramagnetic resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CA-MN-O; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GIANT-MAGNETORESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; MANGANITE; FILMS AB The effect of elemental substitutions on the properties of the ferromagnetic, conducting, highly magnetoresistive compound La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 has been studied. The results of Co doping and Ni doping on the Mn site and Gd doping on the La site are reported. These compounds were investigated by x-ray diffraction, magnetization measurements, resistivity measurements, thermopower measurements, and by paramagnetic resonance. The result of replacing La by Gd atoms is to lower the ferromagnetic (or metal-insulator) transition temperature, an effect which is shown to be due to bond bending caused by the lattice adjusting to the size differential between the La and Gd ions. On the other hand, the reduction of the magnetic transition temperature when Mn ions are replaced with Co or Ni ions is not attributed to changes in the size of the ions. instead, we ascribe the lowering of the ferromagnetic transition temperature to a weakening of the double-exchange interaction between two unlike ions. The resistivity and Seebeck coefficient in these materials have been investigated as a function of elemental substitution. The magnetic polaron theory of Zhang is used, phenomenologically, to provide a quantitative explanation of these transport properties. In addition, the effect of these elemental substitutions on the Linewidths of the paramagnetic resonances is studied and is discussed in terms of exchange narrowing and spin-lattice relaxation. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP Rubinstein, M (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20390, USA. NR 48 TC 149 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5412 EP 5423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.5412 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XW942 UT WOS:A1997XW94200066 ER PT J AU Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Pulsifer, PE Apruzese, JP Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Spielman, RB AF Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Pulsifer, PE Apruzese, JP Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Spielman, RB TI Analyzing time-resolved spectroscopic data from an azimuthally symmetric, aluminum-wire array, z-pinch implosion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; K-SHELL EMISSION; X-RAY; PLASMAS; EQUATION; LOADS AB A 90-wire, aluminum, z-pinch experiment was conducted on the Saturn accelerator at the Sandia National Laboratories that exhibited azimuthally symmetric implosions and two x-ray bursts, a main burst and a subsidiary one. These bursts correlated with two consecutive radial implosions and are consistent with predicted magnetohydrodynamics behavior. A variety of time-resolved, accurately timed, spectroscopic measurements were made in this experiment and are described in this paper. These measurements include (1) the pinch implosion time, (2) time-resolved pinhole pictures that give sizes of the K-shell emission region, (3) time-resolved K-series spectra that give the relative amounts of hydrogenlike to heliumlike to continuum emission, (4) the total and the K-shell x-ray power outputs, and (5) time-resolved photoconducting diode measurements from which continuum slopes and time-resolved electron temperatures can be inferred. Time-resolved Ly-alpha and Ly-beta linewidths are obtained from the spectra and inferences about time-resolved ion temperatures are also made. AII of these data correlate well with one another. A method is then presented of analyzing this data that relies on the complete set of time-resolved measurements. This analysis utilizes one-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the experiments, which drive z-pinch implosions using the measured Saturn circuit parameters. These simulations are used to calculate the same x-ray quantities as were measured. Then, comparisons of the measured and calculated data are shown to define a process by which different dynamical assumptions can be invoked or rejected in an attempt to reproduce the ensemble of data. This process depends on the full data set and provides insight into the structure of the radial temperature and density gradients of the on-axis pinch. It implies that the first implosion is composed of a hot plasma core, from which the kilovolt emissions emanate, surrounded by a cooler, denser shell, and it provides details about the structure of the temperature and density gradients between the core and shell regions. These results are found to be broadly consistent with an earlier, less detailed, data analysis in which plasma gradients are ignored. However, the ability to reproduce the full spectroscopic data in the present analysis is found to be sensitively dependent on the radial gradients that are calculated. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Whitney, KG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,RADIAT HYDRODYNAM BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 3540 EP 3557 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.3540 PN B PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XY130 UT WOS:A1997XY13000054 ER PT J AU Pickett, WE AF Pickett, WE TI Impact of structure on magnetic coupling in CaV4O9 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN GAP; HEISENBERG-MODEL; GROUND-STATE AB The strong corrugation of the V4O5 layer in the spin gap system CaV4O9 is examined for its impact on the exchange coupling constants between the spin-1/2 V ions. Local spin density calculations show that the V spin occupies a d(x2-y2) orbital ((x) over cap and (y) over cap are the V-V directions) that would have vanishing second order exchange coupling if the V4O5 layer were flat. The Kanamori-Goodenough superexchange rules, and the small calculated energy difference of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic alignments of spins for the real structure, indicate that second neighbor couplings dominate over nearest neighbor. This suggests two coupled S = 1/2 metaplaquette systems, each tending toward singlet formation. RP Pickett, WE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1746 EP 1749 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1746 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XU057 UT WOS:A1997XU05700042 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR Handler, RA AF Saylor, JR Handler, RA TI Gas transport across an air/water interface populated with capillary waves SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FORCED SURFACE-WAVES; FARADAY WAVES; MASS-TRANSFER; WATER; WIND; EXCHANGE; SYSTEMS; TUNNEL; SLOPES AB An experimental study of gas transport across an air/water interface, populated by a field of standing capillary waves is presented. The experiments were conducted in a small tank containing distilled water, enriched with carbon dioxide. The capillary waves were of the Faraday type, generated by providing a small vertical vibration to the water tank. The frequency of excitation was varied from 200 to 400 Hz, giving wavelengths from 3.62 to 2.26 mm (linear estimate). The gas transport rate across the interface increased by almost two orders of magnitude as the wave slope was increased from zero to slightly above 0.2 m/m. A unique aspect of these experiments is that capillary waves were isolated from the obfuscating effects of turbulence, aerosol generation, and other phenomena typically present in wind/wave tunnel experiments. Consequently the large enhancement in gas transfer was due to the effects of capillary waves alone, demonstrating their importance in gas exchange processes. The maximum mass transfer coefficients obtained in these experiments are not achieved in typical wind/wave tunnel experiments below wind speeds of 10 m/s. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 1997 VL 9 IS 9 BP 2529 EP 2541 DI 10.1063/1.869370 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA XT861 UT WOS:A1997XT86100009 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS Lee, WM AF Uhm, HS Lee, WM TI An analytical theory of corona discharge plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STREAMERS; NOX AB In this paper we describe an analytical investigation of corona discharge systems. Electrical charge and the energy transfer mechanism are investigated based on the circuit analysis. Efficient delivery of electrical energy from the external circuit to the reactor chamber is a major issue in design studies. The optimum condition obtained in this paper ensures 100% energy transfer. Second-order coupled differential equations are numerically solved. All the analytical results agree remarkably well with numerical data. The reactor capacitor plays a pivotal role in circuit performance. The voltage profile is dominated by the reactor capacitor. Corona discharge properties in the reactor chamber are also investigated, assuming that a specified voltage profile V(t) is fed through the inner conductor. The analytical description is based on the electron moment equation. Defining the plasma breakdown parameter u = V/R(c)p, plasma is generated for a high-voltage pulse satisfying u>u(c), where u(c) is the critical breakdown parameter defined by geometrical configuration. Here, u is in units of a million volts per m per atm, and R-c is the outer conductor radius. It is found that the plasma density profile generated inside the reactor chamber depends very sensitively on the system parameters. A small change of a physical parameter can easily lead to a density change in one order of magnitude. C1 AJOU UNIV,DEPT CHEM,SUWON 442749,SOUTH KOREA. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 1997 VL 4 IS 9 BP 3117 EP 3128 DI 10.1063/1.872451 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XW535 UT WOS:A1997XW53500003 ER PT J AU Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN AF Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN TI Exotic normal and superconducting properties of the high-T-c oxides SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE cuprates; Fermiology; pair-breaking; intrinsic T-c ID CRITICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; FERMI-SURFACE; TL2BA2CUO6+DELTA AB An approach based on ''Fermiology'' makes it possible to evaluate the major parameters of high-T-c cuprates. The study of their magnetic properties allows us to introduce the concept of the ''intrinsic'' value of T-c, which is the upper limit of the critical temperature for these materials. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. LD LANDAU THEORET PHYS INST, MOSCOW 11733V, RUSSIA. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 288 IS 1-6 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(97)00032-X PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XZ711 UT WOS:A1997XZ71100015 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Dymond, KF Picone, JM Cotton, DM Chakrabarti, S Cook, TA Vickers, JS AF Bernhardt, PA Dymond, KF Picone, JM Cotton, DM Chakrabarti, S Cook, TA Vickers, JS TI Improved radio tomography of the ionosphere using EUV/optical measurements from satellites SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Ionospheric Effects Symposium (IES-96) CY MAY 07-09, 1996 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USAF, Phillips Lab, USA, CECOM, USN, Naval C2 Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Voice America, Fed Commun Commiss ID IONOSONDE INPUT; INVERSE-THEORY; MODEL; VERIFICATION; DENSITIES; DAYGLOW AB Computerized tomography of the ionosphere employs radio beacons on satellites and ground-based receivers that measure the integrated electron densities along line-of-sight propagation paths. The primary limitation to satellite-based ionospheric radio tomography is the lack of near-horizontal ray paths. This restricts the accuracy for the reconstruction of vertical profiles in the F region. Horizontal integration paths may be obtained using the natural extreme ultraviolet emissions in the ionosphere. The emissions at 91.1 nm are the result of radiative recombination of O+ ions and electrons and at 83.4 nm are produced by photoionization of atomic oxygen and subsequent scatter by the atomic oxygen ion. Combining data from radio and EUV measurements yields greatly improved ionospheric density reconstructions. This concept will be tested using the TERRIERS satellite scheduled for launch in early 1998. C1 BOSTON UNIV,CTR SPACE PHYS,BOSTON,MA 02215. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1965 EP 1972 DI 10.1029/97RS00175 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA XY809 UT WOS:A1997XY80900021 ER PT J AU Picone, JM Meier, RR Kelley, OA MelendezAlvira, DJ Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Buonsanto, MJ AF Picone, JM Meier, RR Kelley, OA MelendezAlvira, DJ Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Buonsanto, MJ TI Discrete inverse theory for 834-angstrom ionospheric remote sensing SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Ionospheric Effects Symposium (IES-96) CY MAY 07-09, 1996 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USAF, Phillips Lab, USA, CECOM, USN, Naval C2 Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Voice America, Fed Commun Commiss ID INCOHERENT-SCATTER; ELECTRON-DENSITY; DETECTION-SYSTEM; DAYGLOW; MODEL; THERMOSPHERE; EXCITATION AB In the near future a number of global, multiyear, satellite-borne ultraviolet remote sensing missions will scan or image the limb of the Earth to measure the O+ concentration within the ionospheric F layer. On the day side we will use discrete inverse theory (DIT) to retrieve vertical profiles of the O+ number density from measurements of the 834-Angstrom airglow. Here we describe the theoretical foundations and the components of the retrieval code, which computes both a maximum likelihood solution and the associated covariance matrix. New results include enhancement of the DIT formalism to distinguish between random and nonrandom (''systematic'') errors and comparisons of Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (ISR) data with generalized Chapman-type representations of the O+ density profile. Of the candidates, the Chapman-type profile with a constant-gradient scale height provides the best fits to the ISR data. C1 MIT,HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01886. RP Picone, JM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1973 EP 1984 DI 10.1029/97RS01028 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA XY809 UT WOS:A1997XY80900022 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ AF Dymond, KF Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ TI An optical remote sensing technique for determining nighttime F region electron density SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Ionospheric Effects Symposium (IES-96) CY MAY 07-09, 1996 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USAF, Phillips Lab, USA, CECOM, USN, Naval C2 Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Voice America, Fed Commun Commiss ID EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET DAYGLOW; ACTIVE SOLAR CONDITIONS; TROPICAL NIGHTGLOW; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSIONS; EXCITATION; RESOLUTION; AIRGLOW; MODEL AB We present a technique for using the measured variations of ultraviolet emissions produced by radiative recombination at 911 and 1356 Angstrom to determine the nighttime altitude distribution of F region O+ ions and electrons. The algorithm uses an iterative scheme based on discrete inverse theory to determine the best fit to the data. We present the results of simulations that demonstrate the convergence properties of the algorithm and the fidelity with which it reproduces the input ionosphere. The algorithm was tested against more realistic simulated ''data'' generated using the international reference ionosphere (IRI-90) [Bilitza, 1990]. The algorithm accurately retrieved the nighttime F region electron density at midlatitudes (+/-25 degrees-65 degrees N) over a wide range of solar and geomagnetic activity and local time. C1 OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT ENGN,SOCORRO,NM 87801. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 36 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1985 EP 1996 DI 10.1029/97RS01887 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA XY809 UT WOS:A1997XY80900023 ER PT J AU McNeal, GD AF McNeal, GD TI Bandwidth occupancy profile of mid-Atlantic HF band users SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Ionospheric Effects Symposium (IES-96) CY MAY 07-09, 1996 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USAF, Phillips Lab, USA, CECOM, USN, Naval C2 Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Voice America, Fed Commun Commiss AB Emerging technologies that use spread spectrum and frequency hopping signals may enable more efficient use of the high-frequency (HF) band. High-powered HF radar is an example of this technology where channels are used that appear to be unoccupied and the frequency hopping signal of the HF radar has been remarkably free from interfering with conventional spectrum occupants. Considering future application of HF systems of this type, it is of interest to examine the availability of free channels in the frequency range between 3 and 30 MHz for bandwidth (BW) availability and time duration. This paper discusses the characteristics of channels that are available for use in the HF spectrum based on spectrum measurements by the Navy's Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar (ROTHR) located in the southeast section of Virginia. In particular, the ROTHR data being analyzed are from the spectrum monitor (SM). The SM is a subsystem of the ROTHR which measures the power level in 3-kHz intervals for frequencies between 5 and 28 MHz, the radar's operating frequency range. Measurements of the HF spectrum were analyzed for the fall and winter seasons at the radar's location. The analysis consisted of estimating the number of clear channels of various widths in selected megahertz bands over the ROTHR's operating frequency range. Characteristics of available channels are presented in various graphical forms which include clear channel availability, probability of at least one clear channel of a specified width, and duration of clear channels as a function of frequency. The Weibull distribution is proposed as an analytical model for investigating channel duration. Analysis results indicate which portion of the HF spectrum is most likely to have available bandwidths and what their expected durations are as a function of season and time of day. RP McNeal, GD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5324,4555 OVERLOOK AVE,SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 2037 EP 2045 DI 10.1029/97RS01030 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA XY809 UT WOS:A1997XY80900028 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, SP AF Rodriguez, SP TI High-frequency noise and spectrum occupancy measurements for Virginia and Texas with comparisons to International Radio Consultative Committee predictions SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Ionospheric Effects Symposium (IES-96) CY MAY 07-09, 1996 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USAF, Phillips Lab, USA, CECOM, USN, Naval C2 Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Voice America, Fed Commun Commiss AB There is ongoing interest in the high-frequency (HF) band of the spectrum, both in terms of the noise levels and the available spectrum bandwidth. In particular, current HF radar systems such as the U.S. Navy's Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar (ROTHR) or the Australian Jindalee radar must operate against the external noise and share the spectrum with other HF band users. Current estimates of external noise levels are based on International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) [1988]. These predictions are based primarily on measurements made several decades ago at a few sites around the world. There are no current generally accepted estimates for available spectrum bandwidth. The Radar Division at the Naval Research Laboratory, in support of the U.S. Navy's ROTHR, developed a semiportable HF spectrum monitoring system to make HF noise and available bandwidth measurements. HF measurements were made over the 5- to 28-MHz frequency range at three locations. Measurements were made in Virginia at the end of August 1994, in Texas at the end of November 1994, and aboard the U.S.S. Ashland off the coast of Virginia in May 1995. These measurements are presented, as well as comparisons with CCIR predictions for the same period. RP Rodriguez, SP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV RADAR,CODE 5324,4555 OVERLOOK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 2075 EP 2082 DI 10.1029/97RS00663 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA XY809 UT WOS:A1997XY80900031 ER PT J AU Murphey, MD Robbin, MR McRae, GA Flemming, DJ Temple, HT Kransdorf, MJ AF Murphey, MD Robbin, MR McRae, GA Flemming, DJ Temple, HT Kransdorf, MJ TI From the archives of the AFIP - The many faces of osteosarcoma SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE bone neoplasms; neoplasms, in infants and children; osteosarcoma ID CELL OSTEO-SARCOMA; NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; MULTIFOCAL OSTEOSARCOMA; TUMOR; BONE; GRADE; MRI; CT; SCINTIGRAPHY; INVOLVEMENT AB Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in adolescents and young adults. It accounts for approximately 15% of all primary bone tumors confirmed at biopsy, There are numerous types of primary osteosarcoma, including intramedullary (high grade, telangiectatic, low grade, small cell, osteosarcomatosis, and gnathic), surface (intracortical, parosteal, periosteal, and high-grade surface), and extraskeletal, Osteosarcoma may also occur as a secondary lesion in association with underlying benign conditions, The identification of osteoid matrix formation and aggressive characteristics usually allows prospective radiologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma, As with all bone tumors, differential diagnosis is best assessed with radiographs, whereas staging is performed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, Understanding and recognition of the variable appearances of the different varieties of osteosarcoma allow improved patient assessment and are vital for optimal clinical management including diagnosis, biopsy, staging, treatment, and follow-up. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT RADIOL & NUCL MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT SURG,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIV MARYLAND,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USN,NATL MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20084. ST MARYS HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,RICHMOND,VA. RP Murphey, MD (reprint author), ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT RADIOL PATHOL,BLDG 54,RM M133A6825,16TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20306, USA. NR 99 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1231 PG 27 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XV804 UT WOS:A1997XV80400015 PM 9308111 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Jones, ET AF Williams, SM Jones, ET TI General case of the day SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE mediastinitis; mediastinum, fibrosis ID FIBROSING MEDIASTINITIS; HISTOPLASMOSIS C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. RP Williams, SM (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,34800 BOB WILSON DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1324 EP 1327 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XV804 UT WOS:A1997XV80400026 PM 9308120 ER PT J AU Prevost, MC Nelson, AG Morris, GS AF Prevost, MC Nelson, AG Morris, GS TI Creatine supplementation enhances intermittent work performance SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE exhaustion; anaerobic exercise; lactate; ergogenic aid ID HUMAN MUSCLE METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; EXERCISE AB To determine the impact of creatine supplementation on high-intensity, intermittent work, 18 participants each performed 2 sets of 4 different work bouts to exhaustion. For 5 days prior to the first set of work bouts, all participants received a placebo (5 g of calcium chloride daily). For the second set of work bouts, 9 participants again received the placebo, while the other 9 received creatine supplementation (18.75 g creatine monohydrate daily for 5 days prior to and 2.25 g creatine daily during testing). The four work bouts in each set consisted of cycling to exhaustion at 150 % peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) either nonstop (A), intermittently for either 60-s work/120-s rest periods (B), 20-s work/40-s rest (C), or 10-s work/20-s rest (D). Creatine supplementation significantly increased (p < .01) the total work time of all bouts. Protocol D showed the greatest increase (>100%); C increased 61.9%; B increased 61.0 %; and A increased 23.5 %. These results demonstrate that creatine supplementation significantly extends one's capacity to maintain a specific level of high-intensity, intermittent exercise. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT KINESIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USN,MARINE CORPS AIR STN,EL TORO,CA. TEXAS WOMANS UNIV,SCH PHYS THERAPY,DENTON,TX 76204. NR 12 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD SEP PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA XV515 UT WOS:A1997XV51500006 PM 9294877 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Eberhart, HJ Toothman, DR Pellenbarg, R AF Kostoff, RN Eberhart, HJ Toothman, DR Pellenbarg, R TI Database Tomography for technical intelligence: Comparative roadmaps of the research impact assessment literature and the journal of the American Chemical Society SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article AB This paper shows how Database Tomography can be used to derive technical intelligence From the published literature. Database Tomography is a patented system for analyzing large amounts of textual computerized material. It includes algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and performing phrase proximity analyses. Phrase frequency analysis provides the pervasive themes of a database, and the phrase proximity analysis provides the relationships among the pervasive themes, and between the pervasive themes and sub-themes. One potential application of Database Tomography is to obtain the thrusts and interrelationships of a technical field from papers published in the literature within that field. This paper provides applications of Database Tomography to analyses of both the non-technical field of Research Impact Assessment (RIA) and the technical field of Chemistry. A database of relevant RIA articles was analyzed to produce characteristics and key features of the RIA field. The recent prolific RIA authors, the journals prolific in RIA papers, the prolific institutions in RIA, the prolific keywords specified by the authors, and the authors whose works are cited most prolifically as well as the particular papers/journals/institutions cited most prolifically, are identified. The pervasive themes of RIA are identified through multi-word phrase analyses of the database. A phrase proximity analysis of the database shows the relationships among the pervasive themes, and the relationships between the pervasive themes and subthemes. A similar process was applied to Chemistry, with the exception that the database was limited to one year's issues of the Journal of the American Chemical Society. Wherever possible, the RIA and Chemistry results were compared. Finally, the conceptual use of Database Tomography to help identify promising research directions was discussed. C1 USN, AIR WARFORCE CTR, CHINA LAKE, CA USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), OFF NAVAL RES, 800 N QUINCY ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 103 EP 138 DI 10.1007/BF02459264 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA YA406 UT WOS:A1997YA40600007 ER PT J AU Nolan, CJ AF Nolan, CJ TI Hemingway's puzzling 'Pursuit Race' (A neglected work by the critics) SO STUDIES IN SHORT FICTION LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nolan, CJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEWBERRY COLLEGE PI NEWBERRY PA 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEW BERRY COLLEGE, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0039-3789 J9 STUD SHORT FICTION JI Stud. Short Fict. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 481 EP 491 PG 11 WC Literature SC Literature GA 330HP UT WOS:000087957000005 ER PT J AU Barnard, MR MacGregor, H Michelson, AD Valeri, CR AF Barnard, MR MacGregor, H Michelson, AD Valeri, CR TI Cryopreserved platelets have more procoagulant activity and generate more thromboxane than liquid preserved platelets. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,BLOOD RES LAB,BOSTON,MA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,WORCESTER,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S377 EP S377 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500376 ER PT J AU Young, DK Valent, PJ AF Young, DK Valent, PJ TI Is abyssal seafloor isolation an environmentally sound waste management option? SO UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC MATERIAL; SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITIES AB This paper discusses the waste disposal concept of environmentally isolating industrial wastes (i.e., sewage sludge, fly ash from municipal incinerators, and dredged material) on the abyssal seafloor, Environmental acceptability of this concept is compared with alternative oceanic waste management concepts of containment and dispersion, Dredged material, containing contaminants with high particle affinities enabling potential toxins to be readily sorbed to sediment and be buried within the seabed, is ideally suited for abyssal seafloor isolation, Sewage sludge, with low bulk densities, is better suited for disposal by dispersion. Fly ash, containing high levels of heavy metals which can be mobilised under certain redox conditions, is a poor candidate for ocean disposal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Young, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY PI LONDON PA 80 COLEMAN ST, LONDON EC2R 5BJ, ENGLAND SN 0141-0814 J9 UNDERWATER TECHNOL JI Underw. Technol. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 22 IS 4 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.3723/175605497783259994 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA YV714 UT WOS:000071855400003 ER PT J AU Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, K AF Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, K TI Stratus and fog products using GOES-8-9 3.9-mu m data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE IMAGES; CLOUD DETECTION; AVHRR DATA; NIGHT; RESOLUTION; RETRIEVAL; SURFACE AB Using data from the GOES-8-9 imager, this paper discusses the potential for consistent, around-the-clock image products that can trace the movement and evolution of low, stratiform clouds. In particular, the paper discusses how bispectral image sequences based on the shortwave (3.9 mu m) and longwave (10.7 mu m) infrared channels can be developed for this purpose. These sequences can be animated to produce useful loops. The techniques address several problems faced by operational forecasters in the tracking of low clouds. Low clouds are often difficult or impossible to detect at night because of the poor thermal contrast with the background on infrared images. During the day, although solar reflection makes low, stratiform clouds bright on GOES visible images, it is difficult to distinguish low clouds from adjacent ground snowcover or dense cirrus overcasts. The shortwave infrared channel often gives a superior delineation of low clouds on images because water droplets produce much higher reflectances than ice clouds or ground snowcover. Combined with the longwave channel, the shortwave channel can be used to derive products that can distinguish low clouds from the background at any time of day or night. The first case study discusses cloud properties as observed from the shortwave channels from the polar-orbiting Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. as well as GOES-9, and applies a correction to produce shortwave reflectance. A second case study illustrates the use of the GOES-8 shortwave channel to observe the aftermath of a spring snowstorm in the Ohio Valley, Finally, the paper discusses a red-blue-green color combination technique to build useful forecaster products. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MARINE METEOROL DIV,7 GRACE HOPPER AVE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 21 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 12 IS 3 BP 664 EP 677 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1997)012<0664:SAFPUG>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XX405 UT WOS:A1997XX40500006 ER PT J AU Katsura, Y Zhang, XY Homma, K Rice, KC Calderon, SN Rothman, RB Yamamura, HI Davis, P FlippenAnderson, JL Xu, H Becketts, K Foltz, EJ Porreca, F AF Katsura, Y Zhang, XY Homma, K Rice, KC Calderon, SN Rothman, RB Yamamura, HI Davis, P FlippenAnderson, JL Xu, H Becketts, K Foltz, EJ Porreca, F TI Probes for narcotic receptor-mediated phenomena .25. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkyl-substituted (alpha-piperazinylbenzyl)benzamides as novel, highly selective delta opioid receptor agonists SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BINDING-SITES; IN-VITRO; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; MOUSE-BRAIN; RAT-BRAIN; PEPTIDES; BW373U86; DRUGS; CELLS; ANTINOCICEPTION AB A series of N-alkyl- and N,N-dialkyl-4-[alpha-{(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl}benzyl]-benzamides were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinities at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor subtypes. Several compounds (2e,f,h,i,m) strongly bound to the delta receptor with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. On the other hand, the binding affinities of these compounds for the mu and kappa receptors were in the micromolar or greater range indicating excellent delta opioid receptor subtype selectivities. In this series, two important structure-activity relationships were found for the delta receptor binding affinity. First, the spatial orientation of the alpha-benzylic position influenced the affinities with the alpha R derivatives 2a-n generally showing more than 10-fold greater affinity than the alpha S derivatives 3a-n. Second, the binding affinities were strongly influenced by the number of alkyl substituents on the amide nitrogen. N-Monoalkylbenzamide derivatives 2b-d showed lower affinity than N,N-dialkylbenzamide derivatives 2e-n, and the N-unsubstituted benzamide derivative 2a had the lowest affinity for the delta receptor in the series. The dramatic effect of the amide group substitution pattern on the binding affinity for the delta receptor strongly suggests that the amide function is an important structural element in the interaction of this series of compounds at the delta receptor. Selective compounds in this series were examined for binding affinity in cloned human mu and delta receptors. The results obtained generally paralleled those from the rat brain binding assay. Compounds 2e,f with potent delta binding affinities and high delta selectivities were shown to be delta agonists with high selectivity by studies in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparations. Compound 2f was the most selective compound in the rat brain and GPI/MVD assays with 1755- and 958-fold delta vs mu selectivity, respectively. C1 NIDDKD, MED CHEM LAB, NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NIDA, ADDICT RES CTR, CLIN PSYCHOPHARMACOL SECT, BALTIMORE, MD 21224 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, COLL MED, DEPT PHARMACOL, TUCSON, AZ 85724 USA. USN, RES LAB, STRUCT MATTER LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 29 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 18 BP 2936 EP 2947 DI 10.1021/jm970106d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XT928 UT WOS:A1997XT92800017 PM 9288176 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Rabinovich, WS Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Binari, SC Freitas, JA AF Beadie, G Rabinovich, WS Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Binari, SC Freitas, JA TI Persistent photoconductivity in n-type GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; RELAXATION; MODEL AB Persistent photoconductivity has been observed in n-type GaN:Si. The effect is seen at room temperature in both nonoptimally grown films as well as in device quality channel layers, The relaxation dynamics are found to agree with a stretched exponential model of recovery, A comparison between different samples, based upon stretched exponential parameters, Hall measurements, and photoluminescence data is made, The data suggest that the cause of persistent photoconductivity is the same among the different samples and that there is a transition in the relaxation dynamics between room temperature and 130 degrees C. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 16 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1092 EP 1094 DI 10.1063/1.119924 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XR754 UT WOS:A1997XR75400034 ER PT J AU Scott, EM Gurbutt, P Harms, I Heling, R Nielsen, SP Osvath, I Preller, R Sazykina, T Wada, A Sjoeblom, KL AF Scott, EM Gurbutt, P Harms, I Heling, R Nielsen, SP Osvath, I Preller, R Sazykina, T Wada, A Sjoeblom, KL TI Benchmarking of numerical models describing the dispersion of radionuclides in the Arctic Seas SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium and International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity in the Arctic CY AUG 21-25, 1995 CL OSLO, NORWAY DE Arctic; pollutant modelling; risk assessment AB As part of the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a working group was created to model the dispersal and transfer of radionuclides released from radioactive waste disposed of in the Kara Sea. The objectives of this group are: (1) development of realistic and reliable assessment models for the dispersal of radioactive contaminants both within, and from, the Arctic ocean; and (2) evaluation of the contributions of different transfer mechanisms to contaminant dispersal and hence, ultimately, to the risks to human health and environment. With regard to the first objective, the modelling work has been directed towards assessment of model reliability and asone aspect of this, a benchmarking exercise has been carried out. This paper briefly describes the benchmark scenario, the models developed and used, and discusses some of the benchmarking results. The role of the exercise within the modelling programme of IASAP will be discussed and future work described. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 MAFF,FISHERIES LAB,LOWESTOFT NR33 OHT,SUFFOLK,ENGLAND. IAEA MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,MONACO,MONACO. KEMA LABS ARNHEM,ARNHEM,NETHERLANDS. RISO NATL LAB,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529. SPA TYPHOON,OBNINSK,RUSSIA. NIHON UNIV,COLL IND TECHNOL,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,NIHON,JAPAN. IAEA WASTE MANAGEMENT DIV,VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP Scott, EM (reprint author), UNIV GLASGOW,DEPT STAT,GLASGOW G12 8QQ,LANARK,SCOTLAND. RI OSVATH, IOLANDA/G-8809-2011 OI OSVATH, IOLANDA/0000-0002-8580-5566 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 25 PY 1997 VL 202 IS 1-3 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00109-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XL739 UT WOS:A1997XL73900010 PM 9241882 ER PT J AU Kroes, GJ Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC AF Kroes, GJ Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC TI Six-dimensional quantum dynamics of dissociative chemisorption of H-2 on Cu(100) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ASSOCIATIVE DESORPTION; CU(111) SURFACE; METAL-SURFACES; REACTIVE SCATTERING; MOLECULAR PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; PHYSISORPTION INTERACTION; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION AB The dissociative chemisorption of H-2 On Cu(100) has been studied using a six-dimensional wave packet method. All molecular degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically, with no dynamical approximations. The potential-energy surface used is an analytical fit to calculations employing density functional theory (DFT), using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and a slab representation of the metal surface. The dependence of the reaction probability on normal incidence energy has been obtained for both (v = 0, j = 0) and (v = 1, j = 0) H-2. Comparison to experiment suggests that, on average, the DFT method overestimates the barriers to dissociation by similar to 0.15 eV for H-2 + Cu(100). In broad agreement with experiments on H-2+Cu(lll) and H-2+Cu(110) the calculations show large vibrational inelasticity. A prediction of the survival probability of (v = 1, j = 0) H-2 as a function of incidence energy is also presented. The measurement of this quantity is now feasible and should provide another sensitive test of the DFT potential-energy surface. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1081 HV AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. USN, RES LAB, THEORET CHEM SECT, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP LEIDEN UNIV, LEIDEN INST CHEM, GORLAEUS LABS, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 104 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 1997 VL 107 IS 8 BP 3309 EP 3323 DI 10.1063/1.474682 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XR572 UT WOS:A1997XR57200063 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Howard, RA Kraemer, JR Rich, NB Andrews, MD Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Paswaters, SE Socker, DG Wang, D Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Vibert, D Schwenn, R Simnett, GM AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Howard, RA Kraemer, JR Rich, NB Andrews, MD Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moses, JD Paswaters, SE Socker, DG Wang, D Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Vibert, D Schwenn, R Simnett, GM TI Origin and evolution of coronal streamer structure during the 1996 minimum activity phase SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun, activity; sun, corona; sun, magnetic fields ID SUNS POLAR FIELDS; SOLAR CORONA; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB We employ coronal extrapolations of solar magnetograph data to interpret observations of the white-light streamer structure made with the LASCO coronagraph in 1996. The topological appearance of the streamer belt during the present minimum activity phase is well described by a model in which the Thomson-scattering electrons are concentrated around a single, warped current sheet encircling the Sun. Projection effects give rise to bright, jet-like structures or spikes whenever the current sheet is viewed edge-on; multiple spikes are seen if the current sheet is sufficiently wavy. The extreme narrowness of these features in polarized images indicates that the scattering layer is at most a few degrees wide. We model the evolution of the streamer belt from 1996 April to 1996 September and show that the effect of photospheric activity on the streamer belt topology depends not just on the strength of the erupted magnetic flux, but also on its longitudinal phase relative to the background field. Using flux transport simulations, we also demonstrate how the streamer belt would evolve during a prolonged absence of activity. C1 ASTRON SPATIALE LAB, F-13376 MARSEILLE 12, FRANCE. MAX PLANCK INST AERON, D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM, GERMANY. UNIV BIRMINGHAM, DEPT PHYS & SPACE RES, BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT, W MIDLANDS, ENGLAND. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP 875 EP 889 DI 10.1086/304467 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT240 UT WOS:A1997XT24000037 ER PT J AU Mariska, JT Doschek, GA AF Mariska, JT Doschek, GA TI Observations of thermal plasma in a solar limb flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun, abundances; Sun, flares; Sun, prominences; Sun, X-rays, gamma rays ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; X-RAY-SPECTRA; INNER-SHELL TRANSITIONS; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; FE-XXIII; CA-XIX; YOHKOH; IONIZATION; TELESCOPE AB All but a small portion of the top of the 1991 October 21 flare was occulted by the solar Limb. Thus, both the Bragg crystal spectrometer (BCS) and the soft X-ray telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh observed only a small region of flaring plasma. Using observations from those instruments, we have determined the temporal behavior of the emission measure, temperature, and nonthermal broadening in the loop-top source. We find that for a portion of the decay phase of this hare, the temperatures determined using the Fe XXV, Ca XIX and S XV BCS channels and SXT filter ratios all agree. Assuming that the plasma is isothermal, we determine the abundances of Fe XXII, Fe XXIII, and Fe XXIV relative to Fe XXV. Comparing the results with recent ionization equilibrium calculations, we find that there are discrepancies between the Fe XXII-to-Fe XXV ratio, the Fe XXIII-to-Fe XXV ratio, and the Fe XXIV-to-Fe XXV ratio and ionization equilibrium calculations, which we attribute to uncertainties in the ionization balance calculations. RP Mariska, JT (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7670,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP 904 EP & DI 10.1086/304456 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT240 UT WOS:A1997XT24000040 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Feldman, U Schuhle, U Lemaire, P Curdt, W Wilhelm, K AF Laming, JM Feldman, U Schuhle, U Lemaire, P Curdt, W Wilhelm, K TI Electron density diagnostics for the solar upper atmosphere from spectra obtained by SUMER/SOHO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; Sun, abundances; Sun, corona; Sun, UV radiation ID IMPACT EXCITATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IRON PROJECT; ATOMIC DATA; IONS AB We evaluate the electron density in various solar regions above the limb observed by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) instrument on SOHO. We find in general good agreement among line ratios from Be-, B-, N-, and Mg-like ions, giving densities of order 10(8) cm(-3). C1 USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. UNIV PARIS 11,INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,UNITE MIXTE CNRS,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), SFA INC,LARGO,MD 20774, USA. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP 911 EP 919 DI 10.1086/304465 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT240 UT WOS:A1997XT24000041 ER PT J AU Piner, BG Kingham, KA AF Piner, BG Kingham, KA TI A slower superluminal velocity for the quasar 1156+295 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, jets; quasars, individual (1156+295); radio continuum, galaxies ID RADIO; VLBI AB As part of an ongoing effort to observe high-energy gamma-ray blazars with VLBI, we have produced 8 and 2 GHz VLBI images, at 10 epochs spanning the years 1988 to 1996, of the quasar 1156+295. The VLBI data have been taken from the Washington VLBI correlator's geodetic database. We have detected four components and have measured their apparent speeds to be 8.8 +/- 2.3, 5.3 +/- 1.1, 5.5 +/- 0.9, and 3.5 +/- 1.2 h(-1)c from the outermost component inward. (H-0 = 100 h km s(-1) Mpc(-1), q(0) = 0.5 throughout this Letter). These velocities contradict a previously published very high superluminal velocity of 26 h(-1)c for this source. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD. RP Piner, BG (reprint author), USN OBSERV,EARTH ORIENTAT DEPT,3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP L61 EP L63 DI 10.1086/310820 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT241 UT WOS:A1997XT24100003 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Miller, MM Shanabrook, BV AF Johnson, M Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Miller, MM Shanabrook, BV TI Hybrid hall effect device SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB A novel magnetoelectronic device incorporating a single microstructured ferromagnetic film and a micron scale Hall cross was fabricated and characterized at room temperature, magnetic fringe fields from the edge of the ferromagnet generate a Hall voltage in a thin film semiconducting Hall bar. The sign of the fringe field, as well as the sign of the output Hall voltage, is switched by reversing the magnetization of the ferromagnet. This new device has excellent output characteristics and scaling properties, and may find application as a magnetic field sensor, nonvolatile storage cell, or logic gate. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 10 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 7 BP 974 EP 976 DI 10.1063/1.119704 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XR278 UT WOS:A1997XR27800039 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, SM Shaw, LB Bowman, SR Searles, S Feldman, BJ Ganem, J AF Kirkpatrick, Sean M. Shaw, L. B. Bowman, S. R. Searles, S. Feldman, B. J. Ganem, Joseph TI Mid-infrared spectroscopy of erbium doped chloride laser crystals SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We report on a spectroscopic analysis of ErCl3 and 1% Er3+:YCl3 to determine their potential as possible laser sources at 3.5 and 4.5 mu m. Concentration quenching of the low lying excited states is reported to be surprisingly very weak in this system. Although some shortening of the lifetimes is measured in the fully concentrated system, they retain lifetimes that are of order several milliseconds or more. A Judd-Ofelt analysis is performed and the projected gains for the 3.5 and 4.5 mu m transitions are calculated. Successful growth techniques of erbium doped chlorides are also described. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [Kirkpatrick, Sean M.; Shaw, L. B.; Bowman, S. R.; Searles, S.; Feldman, B. J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ganem, Joseph] Loyola Coll Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, SM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM seank@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; bshaw@cs.nrl.navy.mil; bowman@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; bfeldman@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; ganem@loyola.edu FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council - U. S. Naval Research Laboratory; Cottrell College Science Award of research Corporation; Petroleum Research Fund FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research. This work was performed while S. Kirkpatrick held a National Research Council - U. S. Naval Research Laboratory research associateship. The work of J. Ganem was partially supported by the Cottrell College Science Award of research Corporation and acknowledgment is made to the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the ACS, for additional support of this research. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 18 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 4 BP 78 EP 86 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FL UT WOS:000208801800002 PM 19373385 ER PT J AU Shaw, LB Harbison, BB Cole, B Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Shaw, L. B. Harbison, B. B. Cole, B. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Spectroscopy of the IR transitions in Pr3+ doped heavy metal selenide glasses SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB The spectral properties of Pr3+ doped BaInGaGeSe chalcogenide glasses are reported. Absorption spectra, emission spectra, and lifetimes of the lower lying manifolds have been measured. Radiative transition rates are calculated and compared with measured experimental lifetimes. The strong mid-IR emission and spectral properties of this glass make this glass a strong candidate for lasers, amplifiers, and high brightness sources in the mid-IR. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [Shaw, L. B.; Harbison, B. B.; Cole, B.; Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bshaw@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 18 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 4 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FL UT WOS:000208801800003 PM 19373386 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Walck, S Reinecke, TL Forchel, A AF Bayer, M Walck, S Reinecke, TL Forchel, A TI Enhancement of exciton binding energies in quantum wires and quantum dots SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; QUANTIZATION; CONFINEMENT; MAGNETOEXCITONS; STATES; WELLS; BOXES AB Low-intensity magneto-photoluminescence measurements of the diamagnetic shifts of modulated barrier In0.10Ga0.90As/GaAs quantum wires and quantum dots of widely varying sizes have been used to give results for the effects of confinement and of dimensionality on the binding energies of excitons. The binding energies are found to increase systematically with decreasing size and to increase in going from wires to dots of the same size. The increase in the binding energy is found to begin for sizes as large as 10 times the Bohr radius and to reach 3.5 times the bulk value. The experimental results for the exciton binding energies and for their diamagnetic shifts are in good agreement with detailed calculations for these structures. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. MAX PLANCK INST FESTKORPERFORSCH,D-70506 STUTTGART,GERMANY. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,HUBLAND,D-97074 WURZBURG,GERMANY. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 39 IS 4 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1209/epl/i1997-00376-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XT585 UT WOS:A1997XT58500019 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, ME TI The algebra of multiple harmonic series SO JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA LA English DT Article AB Recently there has been much interest in multiple harmonic series [GRAPHICS] (which converge when the exponents i(j) are positive integers and i(1) > 1), also known as multiple zeta values or Euler/Zagier sums. Starting with the noncommutative polynomial algebra Q[x,y], we define a second multiplication which is commutative and associative, and call the resulting structure the harmonic algebra h. As a graded commutative algebra, I) turns out to be a free polynomial algebra with the number of generators in degree n given by the Witt formula for the number N(n) of basis elements of degree rt in the free Lie algebra on two generators. Multiple harmonic series can be thought of as images under a map zeta:h(0) --> R which is a homomorphism with respect to the commutative multiplication, where h(0) is an appropriate subalgebra of h. If we call i(1) + ... +i(k) the weight of the series zeta(i(1),..., i(k)), then (for n > 1) there are at most N(n) series of weight n that are irreducible in the sense that they are not sums of rational multiples of products of multiple harmonic series of lower weight. In fact, our approach gives an explicit set of ''algebraically'' irreducible multiple harmonic series. We also show that there is a subalgebra h(0) subset of h(1) subset of h related to the shuffle algebra which contains the algebra G of symmetric functions: in fact, zeta maps the elements of G n h(0) to algebraic combinations of zeta values zeta(i), for integer i much less than 2. The map zeta is not injective; we show how several results about multiple harmonic series can be recast as statements about the kernel of zeta, and propose some conjectures on the structure of the algebra h(0)/ker zeta. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Hoffman, Michael/D-9913-2011 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 17 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-8693 J9 J ALGEBRA JI J. Algebra PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 194 IS 2 BP 477 EP 495 DI 10.1006/jabr.1997.7127 PG 19 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA XU833 UT WOS:A1997XU83300010 ER PT J AU Bhapkar, UV Shur, MS AF Bhapkar, UV Shur, MS TI Monte Carlo calculation of velocity-field characteristics of wurtzite GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT AB We present velocity-field simulations of n-doped, wurtzite-phase GaN for temperatures between 77 and 1000 K using an ensemble Monte Carlo technique. A three-valley model of the band structure is assumed, and the ionized impurity, polar optical phonon, acoustic phonon, piezoelectric, and intervally scattering mechanisms are considered. Electron degeneracy and heating are also accounted for. Properties of the two dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures are also estimated by performing simulations on bulk GaN in which the electron concentration exceeds the ionized donor concentration by factors of ten to one hundred. The simulations predict that peak steady-state drift velocities ranging from 3.3x10(7) to 2.1x10(7) cm/s for temperatures between 77 and 1000 K can be achieved in both the two dimensional electron gas and in the bulk material with an ionized donor concentration of 10(16) cm(-3). Furthermore, the simulations predict that the two-dimensional electron gas in GaN will exhibit a low-field mobility an order of magnitude greater than the bulk material, in agreement with experimental results. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT ELECT COMP & SYST ENGN,TROY,NY 12180. RP Bhapkar, UV (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,TECHNOL & PHOTON SYST BRANCH T44,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. RI Shur, Michael/A-4374-2016 OI Shur, Michael/0000-0003-0976-6232 NR 21 TC 216 Z9 226 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1649 EP 1655 DI 10.1063/1.365963 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XQ797 UT WOS:A1997XQ79700020 ER PT J AU Shih, A Yater, J Pehrsson, P Butler, J Hor, C Abrams, R AF Shih, A Yater, J Pehrsson, P Butler, J Hor, C Abrams, R TI Secondary electron emission from diamond surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; FILMS; HYDROGEN AB Diamond exhibits very high, but widely varying, secondary-electron yields. In this study, we identified some of the factors that govern the secondary-electron yield from diamond by performing comparative studies on polycrystalline films with different dopants (boron or nitrogen), doping concentrations, and surface terminations. The total electron yield as a function of incident-electron energy and the energy distribution of the emitted secondary electrons showed that both bulk properties and surface chemistry are important in the secondary-electron-emission process. The dopant type and doping concentration affect the transport of secondary electrons through the sample bulk, as well as the electrical conductivity needed to replenish the emitted electrons. Surface adsorbates affect the electron transmission at the surface-vacuum interface because they change the vacuum barrier height. The presence of hydrogen termination at the diamond surface, the extent of the hydrogen coverage, and the coadsorption of hydrocarbon-containing species all correlated with significant yield changes. Extraordinarily high secondary-electron yields (as high as 84) were observed on B-doped diamond samples saturated with surface hydrogen. The secondary electrons were predominantly low-energy quasithermalized electrons residing in the bottom of the diamond conduction band. Two key reasons for the unusually high yields are (1) the wide band gap which allows the low-energy secondary electrons to have long mean-free paths, and (2) the very low or even negative electron affinity at the surface which permits the low-energy quasithermalized electrons that reach the surface to escape into vacuum. RP Shih, A (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1860 EP 1867 DI 10.1063/1.365990 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XQ797 UT WOS:A1997XQ79700051 ER PT J AU Su, J Zhang, QM Kim, CH Ting, RY Capps, R AF Su, J Zhang, QM Kim, CH Ting, RY Capps, R TI Effects of transitional phenomena on the electric field induced strain - Electrostrictive response of a segmented polyurethane elastomer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyurethane elastomer; electric field induced strain; Maxwell stress; electrostriction; transitional phenomena ID POLYMERS AB The electromechanical properties of a segmented polyurethane elastomer were investigated as functions of temperature and frequency. Two transitional phenomena were observed in the temperature range from -50 to 85 degrees C. In these transition regions, the electric field induced strain coefficient exhibits large increases, which indicate that the effect of the transition processes is significant. The experimental analysis suggests that the transitional processes in the polyurethane are related to the chain-segment motions. From the elastic compliance and the dielectric constant data, the contribution of the uniform Maxwell stress was determined. It was found that the contribution of the Maxwell stress effect to the measured strain coefficient increased from about 10% below the glass transition temperature (T-g) (similar to -25 degrees C) to about 50 and 35% for the frequencies of 10 and 100 Hz, respectively, at similar to 40 degrees C, which is above T-g. The large difference between the measured strain response and the calculated Maxwell stress effect indicates a significant contribution to the field-induced strain from other mechanisms, such as electrostriction. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,USRD,MAT RES DIV,ORLANDO,FL 32856. CHONGJU UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CHONJU 360764,SOUTH KOREA. RP Su, J (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,INTERCOLL MAT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1363 EP 1370 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970815)65:7<1363::AID-APP14>3.0.CO;2-W PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XN892 UT WOS:A1997XN89200014 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Thompson, DR Graber, HC Trump, CL AF Marmorino, GO Thompson, DR Graber, HC Trump, CL TI Correlation of oceanographic signatures appearing in synthetic aperture radar and interferometric synthetic aperture radar imagery with in situ measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CAPE-HATTERAS; SURFACE; EDDIES; NORTH; MODEL; WAVES AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery collected over the continental shelf near Cape Hatteras, N. C., is analyzed in conjunction with shipboard hydrographic and current measurements. The SAR measurements were made over a 2-hour period on June 20, 1993, in both standard mapping mode and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) mode from a NASA DC-8 aircraft as part of the High-Resolution Remote Sensing Experiment. In situ currents were measured using a surface-towed acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The measurements were made near the end of a period of Gulf Stream incursion onto the shelf as detected using a shore-based HF radar. Winds were southwesterly at 4-6 m s(-1). Long, curvilinear SAR signatures, resembling earlier SEASAT observations made in the same area, are shown to correspond to narrow, shallow fronts separating water masses that increase in surface density with distance offshore. Across-front changes in surface current inferred from the INSAR data are consistent with 2-m-depth currents measured by the ADCP over scales of tens of meters. Thus frontal current gradients measured by INSAR reflect real changes in surface current and are not due to biases induced by changes in the surface-wave spectrum. This lends support to the detailed INSAR surface maps derived by Graber et al. [1996]. An east-west salinity front having the largest observed surface density and current gradient is corrugated on length scales up to the local Rossby radius of deformation and translates southward between successive images. In data from the longer radar wavelengths the salinity front appears as a dark band downwind of a bright signature, and this is interpreted as a region where Bragg-scale waves regenerate following their dissipation in the frontal region. In addition to the fronts the imagery shows closely spaced packets of southward propagating ocean internal waves occurring in the strongly stratified inshore water mass. This case study further serves to emphasize the potential of SAR imagery for study of a wide range of shelf processes. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD 20707. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7250,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C8 BP 18723 EP 18736 DI 10.1029/97JC01450 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XR356 UT WOS:A1997XR35600013 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Shay, LK Graber, HC Edson, JB Karachintsev, A Trump, CL Ross, DB AF Chapman, RD Shay, LK Graber, HC Edson, JB Karachintsev, A Trump, CL Ross, DB TI On the accuracy of HF radar surface current measurements: Intercomparisons with ship-based sensors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB High-frequency (HF) radar systems can provide periodic, two-dimensional, vector current estimates over an area approaching 1000 km(2). As the use of these HF systems has gained wider acceptance, a number of attempts have been made to estimate the accuracy of such systems. However, comparisons of HF radar current estimates with in situ sensors are difficult to interpret since HF systems measure currents averaged over an area of similar to 1 km(2) and to a depth of only similar to 50 cm while in situ sensors measure currents at a point and somewhat greater depths (similar to 1 to 10 m). Previous studies of the accuracy of HF radar technology have thus attributed the differences observed between HF radar and in situ sensors to an unknown combination of vertical shear, horizontal inhomogeneity, in situ instrument errors, and HF radar system errors. This study examines the accuracy of HF radar current measurements using data from the 1993 High Resolution Remote Sensing Experiment, conducted off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Data from four shipborne in situ current meters are compared with data from an Ocean Surface Current Radar (OSCR), a commercial current-measuring radar. We attempt to discern the predominant sources of error in these data by using multiple simultaneous measurements from different sensors and by examining the variation of observed current differences as a function of location. The results suggest an upper bound on the accuracy of the OSCR-derived radial currents of 7 to 8 cm/s. C1 UNIV MIAMI, ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. IVY INC, MIAMI, FL 33140 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, APPL PHYS LAB, JOHNS HOPKINS RD, LAUREL, MD 20723 USA. NR 24 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C8 BP 18737 EP 18748 DI 10.1029/97JC00049 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XR356 UT WOS:A1997XR35600014 ER PT J AU Meltzer, PC Liang, AY Blundell, P Gonzalez, MD Chen, ZM George, C Madras, BK AF Meltzer, PC Liang, AY Blundell, P Gonzalez, MD Chen, ZM George, C Madras, BK TI 2-carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: Potent non-nitrogen inhibitors of monoamine transporters SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COCAINE RECOGNITION SITES; ACID METHYL-ESTERS; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; LIGAND-BINDING; ANALOGS; RECEPTORS; SULFONIUM; STRIATUM; AGONISTS AB Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the mammalian central nervous system. Its reinforcing and stimulant properties have been associated with its propensity to bind to monoamine transporter systems. It has generally been assumed t;hat the amino function on monoamines is a requirement for binding to monoamine transporters. In particular, the 8-amino function on the tropane skeleton of cocaine and cocaine analogs has been assumed to provide an ionic bond to the aspartic acid residue on the dopamine transporter(DAT). We have prepared the first 8-oxa analogs of the 3-aryltropanes (WIN compounds) and have found that the 3 beta-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) (6g) and 3 alpha-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) (7g) analogs are particularly potent (IC50 = 3.27 and 2.34 nM, respectively) inhibitors of the dopamine transporter. We now describe the synthesis and biology of the family of 2-carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and demonstrate that an amino nitrogen is not required for binding to the DAT. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SOUTHBOROUGH,MA 01772. NEW ENGLAND REG PRIMATE CTR,SOUTHBOROUGH,MA 01772. RP Meltzer, PC (reprint author), ORGANIX INC,65 CUMMINGS PK,WOBURN,MA 01801, USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 0930, DA 06303, DA 09462] NR 47 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 17 BP 2661 EP 2673 DI 10.1021/jm9703045 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XR228 UT WOS:A1997XR22800001 PM 9276012 ER PT J AU Efros, AL Rosen, M Averboukh, B Kovalev, D BenChorin, M Koch, F AF Efros, AL Rosen, M Averboukh, B Kovalev, D BenChorin, M Koch, F TI Nonlinear optical effects in porous silicon: Photoluminescence saturation and optically induced polarization anisotropy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-DOPED GLASSES; AUGER RECOMBINATION; QUANTUM DOTS; EMISSION; ABSORPTION; MATRIX; LIGHT AB We present an analysis of strong nonlinear optical effects observed in the photoluminescence of porous Si. Two groups of effects are discussed. The first includes photoluminescence saturation, suppression of the polarization memory, and pump coincident optically induced polarization anisotropy all observed at room temperature. These effects are well described by nonradiative Auger quenching of the photoluminescence in nanocrystals containing more than one electron-hole pair and which are selectively excited by linearly polarized light. The second group is connected with photoluminescence degradation and a persistent optically induced polarization anisotropy at helium temperature. These effects arise from and are very well described by Auger autoionization of crystals selectively excited by polarized light, and subsequent Auger quenching of all radiative recombination in them since they contain long-lived charged carriers. Upon heating the samples to room temperature the electron returns back to the nanocrystal. This restores the initial photoluminescence intensity and washes out the long-lived optically induced polarization anisotropy. The high efficiency of all these effects is provided by the large ratio of the rate of Auger processes to the radiative recombination rate in the nanosize Si crystals. C1 TECH UNIV MUNICH,DEPT PHYS E16,D-85747 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,NANOSTRUCT OPT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 7 BP 3875 EP 3884 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.3875 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XR964 UT WOS:A1997XR96400061 ER PT J AU Yater, JE Shih, A Abrams, R AF Yater, JE Shih, A Abrams, R TI Electron transport and emission properties of C(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND; SURFACE; AFFINITY; CATHODES AB Secondary-electron-emission spectroscopy is used to probe the transport and emission of impact-ionized electrons in single-crystal diamond. By studying the emission from a cesiated C(100) surface having a negative electron affinity (NEA), the full energy spectrum of the internal electrons is revealed in the measured energy distribution data. The kinetic energy of the electrons and the height of the surface energy barrier are measured relative to the conduction-band minimum E-c, which is identified in the spectra. The cesiated diamond surface is observed to be NEA, but the hydrogenated diamond surface (commonly believed to be NEA) has an electron affinity near zero and slightly positive. Analysis of the very high yield data (delta(max)similar to 132) and the sharply peaked energy distribution data indicates that the transport of low-energy electrons is very efficient in C(100). An emission model is deduced that involves the surface properties of the material and the internal energy distribution of the electrons. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 8 BP R4410 EP R4413 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XV007 UT WOS:A1997XV00700030 ER PT J AU Summers, GP Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Walters, RJ AF Summers, GP Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Walters, RJ TI Low energy proton-induced displacement damage in shielded GaAs solar cells in space SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB The energy dependence of the cumulative fraction of the damage produced by protons in shielded GaAs solar cells in space is presented. The results show that typically <20% of the damage is produced by protons emerging into the cell with energies <0.1 MeV, including those protons that stop in the active regions of the cell. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA INC,LARGO,MD 20774. UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY,DEPT PHYS,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. RP Summers, GP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6615,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 6 BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1063/1.119660 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XP969 UT WOS:A1997XP96900036 ER PT J AU Luscombe, JH Luban, M AF Luscombe, JH Luban, M TI Wave-vector-dependent magnetic susceptibility of classical Heisenberg rings SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB We first extend previous results of GS Joyce so as to derive the exact wave-vector-dependent susceptibility chi(N)(q, T) for a ring of N classical Heisenberg spins with isotropic nearest-neighbour interactions. Our major result however is a simple, highly accurate, analytic approximation for chi(N)(q, T) which nevertheless preserves an associated sum rule over the Brillouin zone. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP Luscombe, JH (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 11 PY 1997 VL 9 IS 32 BP 6913 EP 6920 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/9/32/013 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XQ903 UT WOS:A1997XQ90300013 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Esarey, E Hafizi, B AF Sprangle, P Esarey, E Hafizi, B TI Intense laser pulse propagation and stability in partially stripped plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY LASERS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; TENUOUS PLASMAS; ACCELERATION; WAVES; BEAMS AB In a partially stripped plasma the presence of bound electrons can significantly alter the propagation and stability of intense laser pulses. In the presence of both free and bound electrons, an atomic modulation instability develops that can have a growth rate substantially higher than either the conventional relativistic modulational instability or the forward Raman instability. In addition, the filamentation instability can be significantly enhanced by bound electrons while the backward Raman instability is unaffected. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 40 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1046 EP 1049 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1046 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XP977 UT WOS:A1997XP97700022 ER PT J AU Gwinn, CR Eubanks, TM Pyne, T Birkinshaw, M Matsakis, DN AF Gwinn, CR Eubanks, TM Pyne, T Birkinshaw, M Matsakis, DN TI Quasar proper motions and low-frequency gravitational waves SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; gravitation; quasars, general; techniques, interferometric ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; GRAND UNIFICATION; LIMITS; RADIATION; PULSARS AB We report observational upper limits on the mass-energy of the cosmological gravitational wave background, from limits on proper motions of quasars. Gravitational waves with periods longer than the time span of observations produce a simple pattern of apparent proper motions over the sky, composed primarily of second-order transverse vector spherical harmonics. A fit of such harmonics to measured motions yields a 95% confidence limit on the mass-energy of gravitational waves with frequencies v < 2 x 10(-9) Hz, of less than 0.11 h(-2) times the closure density of the universe. C1 USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV BRISTOL,HH WILLS PHYS LAB,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND. RP Gwinn, CR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,BROIDA HALL,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. OI Eubanks, Thomas Marshall/0000-0001-9543-0414 NR 29 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1086/304424 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700006 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ TI Intensity and directionality of flare-accelerated alpha-particles at the Sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; Sun, flares; Sun, particle emission; Sun, X-rays, gamma rays ID 1982 JUNE 3; SOLAR-FLARES; ABUNDANCES; NEUTRON; EVENTS; BE-7 AB We have studied gamma-ray line emission from fusion of accelerated a-particles with ambient helium in 19 solar hares observed by the Solar Maximum Mission Gamma-Ray Spectrometer from 1980 to 1989. An isotropic or fan-beam distribution of accelerated particles provides good fits to the line profiles for most of the flares. In contrast, a downward beam of accelerated particles can be ruled out at high confidence levels, 99.99% and 99.8%, for the two most intense flares and provides significantly poorer fits than isotropic or fan-beam distributions in two other flares. The fluences in the alpha-alpha lines, with a few exceptions, show a correlation with fluences of the narrow nuclear de-excitation lines from elements with high first ionization potential. If we assume that all accelerated ions have the same spectral shape, and if we adopt accelerated particle and ambient abundances derived from other gamma-ray line studies, we find that an accelerated alpha/proton ratio of 0.5 is consistent with the spectra from the 19 flares, whereas a ratio of 0.1 is not. We also suggest the possibility that Be-7 produced in alpha-He-4 fusion during the intense flares occurring in late 1989 may have reached Earth in a concentration high enough to account, in part, for Be-7 observed in NASA's Long-Duration Exposure Facility satellite after its recovery in early 1990. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 409 EP 418 DI 10.1086/304407 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700042 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Hawley, SH Kraemer, JR Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moulton, NE Socker, DG Schwenn, R AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Hawley, SH Kraemer, JR Brueckner, GE Howard, RA Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Moulton, NE Socker, DG Schwenn, R TI The green line corona and its relation to the photospheric magnetic field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun, activity; Sun, corona; Sun, magnetic fields ID SUNS POLAR FIELDS; SOLAR CORONA; TEMPERATURE; HOLES; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; LOOPS AB Images of the green Line corona made with the LASCO Cl coronagraph on SOHO are analyzed by applying current-free extrapolations to the observed photospheric field. The Fe VIV lambda 5303 emission is Shown to be closely related to the underlying photospheric field strength. By modeling the observed intensity patterns as a function of latitude and height above the solar limb, we derive an approximate scaling law of the form n(foot) proportional to [B-foot](0.9), where n(foot) is the density of the green line-emitting plasma and [B-foot] is the average field strength at the footprints of the coronal loop. The observed high-latitude enhancements in the green line corona are attributed to the poleward concentration of the large-scale photospheric field. The strongest such enhancements occur where the high-latitude unipolar fields become reconnected to active region flux at lower latitudes; the global emission pattern rotates quasi-rigidly at the rate of the dominant active region complex. The validity of the current-free approximation is assessed by comparing the topology of the observed and simulated green line structures. C1 MAX PLANCK INST AERON, D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM, GERMANY. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1086/304405 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700043 ER PT J AU Casalini, P Menard, S Malandrin, SMI Rigo, CM Colnaghi, MI Cultraro, CM Segal, S AF Casalini, P Menard, S Malandrin, SMI Rigo, CM Colnaghi, MI Cultraro, CM Segal, S TI Inhibition of tumorigenicity in lung adenocarcinoma cells by c-erbB-2 antisense expression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BREAST-CANCER; RECEPTOR; ONCOGENE; GENE; CARCINOMA; OVEREXPRESSION; ONCOPROTEIN; ERBB-2; GROWTH AB The lung carcinoma cell line Calu3, which overexpresses the c-erbB-2 oncogene, was stably transfected with antisense (AS) cDNA constructs encompassing different regions of the c-erbB-2 gene. Transfected cells were analyzed for their tumorigenic properties in vitro and in nude mice. Two independent clones, AS pi (low erbB-2 expressor) and AS B12 (high erbB-2 expressor), as well as the polyclonal Calu3/AS 5', were selected for these analyses. In Calu3/AS 5' transfected cells and in the AS FI clone, c-erbB-2 RNA and protein levels were lower than those detected in the parental cell line and the AS B12 clone. Anchorage-independent growth and tumor take were also significantly reduced. Furthermore, cells derived from primary tumors of Calu3/AS 5', AS FI and AS B12 lost the AS c-erbB-2 DNA insert but retained the gene for G418 resistance. Our results suggest that a correlation between c-erbB2 overexpression and tumorigenicity may exist in the Calu3 lung carcinoma cell line. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 IST NAZL TUMORI,DIV EXPT ONCOL E,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. USN HOSP,NCI,MED ONCOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD AUG 7 PY 1997 VL 72 IS 4 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970807)72:4<631::AID-IJC14>3.0.CO;2-E PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XP731 UT WOS:A1997XP73100014 PM 9259403 ER PT J AU Mowrey, RC Williams, BA Douglass, CH AF Mowrey, RC Williams, BA Douglass, CH TI Vibrational analysis of P4O6 and P4O10 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS DIPHOSPHORUS OXIDES; INFRARED-SPECTRA; ABINITIO CHARACTERIZATION; SOLID ARGON; MATRIX REACTIONS; PRODUCTS; PO2; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHORUS; AS4O6 AB The equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, and infrared and Raman intensities for P4O6 and P4O10 were calculated using the Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field method. The computed geometries are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Scaling the nb initio vibrational frequencies of P4O10 to account for anharmonicity and neglect of electron correlation yields values that agree with experimentally observed transitions, confirming the previous assignment of the spectrum. The energy ordering of the computed vibrational levels for P4O6 differs, in part, from assignments based on experimental data. A new assignment that is in agreement with both the computations and the experiments is suggested; this requires the reassignment of four of the fundamental vibrations. The infrared emission spectrum produced by burning red phosphorus in air was recorded and the observed peaks assigned to P4O10 transitions. The experimental relative intensities of the fundamental vibrations agree well with the computed relative intensities. C1 NOVA RES INC,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22308. RP Mowrey, RC (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 7 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 32 BP 5748 EP 5752 DI 10.1021/jp971072o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XP915 UT WOS:A1997XP91500005 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Wignall, FS AF Hyams, KC Wignall, FS TI Identification of Gulf War syndrome: Methodological issues and medical illnesses SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 FREEPORT MALARIA CONTROL & PUBL HLTH,IRIAN JAYA,INDONESIA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), USN,RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20084, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 384 EP 384 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800018 PM 9244324 ER PT J AU Danzig, R Berkowsky, PB AF Danzig, R Berkowsky, PB TI Why should we be concerned about biological warfare? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN,OFF UNDERSECRETARY NAVY,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 9 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 431 EP 432 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.431 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800037 PM 9244337 ER PT J AU McGrath, KJ Weiss, RG AF McGrath, KJ Weiss, RG TI NMR investigation of molecular motion in the neat solid and plastic-crystalline phases of cyclohexane SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DEUTERON NMR; INCLUSION-COMPOUND; ROTATING SOLIDS; MAGIC-ANGLE; POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS AB The molecular dynamics of neat solid and plastic phase cyclohexane are investigated using solid state carbon, deuteron, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on deciphering the dynamical origin of a line width/line shape transformation in the static proton NMR spectrum of plastic phase cyclohexane near 199 K, and it is examined in terms of rotational, translational, and conformational contributions. It is shown that translational diffusion within lattice defect sites is the probable dynamical mode associated with the static proton NMR line shape modulation. The rate of conformational isomerism by ring inversion in the plastic phase is measured for the first time at two temperatures, and the time scale of this process suggests a mechanistic correlation with translational diffusion within single crystals in the plastic phase. Finally, the time scale and symmetry associated with rotational diffusion in solid-phase cyclohexane are found (respectively) to be longer and more complex than previously reported. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. RP McGrath, KJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6122,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 16 BP 4474 EP 4479 DI 10.1021/la962002w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA XP793 UT WOS:A1997XP79300044 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Accurate density-functional calculations on large systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-TYPE ORBITALS; LINEAR-COMBINATION; TOTAL-ENERGY; MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES; CARBON TUBULES; BASIS-SETS; FULLERENE; GRAPHITE; SOLIDS; C60 AB Efforts to compute accurate all-electron density-functional energies for large molecules and clusters using Gaussian basis sets are reviewed and their use in fullerene science described. The foundation of this effort, variational fitting, is described first. When discovered experimentally, C-60 was naturally assumed to be particularly stable, but local-density-functional calculations showed that C-60 is quite unstable relative to the higher fullerenes and graphene (a single sheet of graphite). In addition to raising questions about the relative abundance of the various fullerenes, this work conflicted with the then state-of-the-art density-functional calculations on crystalline graphene. Now high accuracy molecular and band structure calculations are in fairly good agreement with each other and experiment. These calculations clearly demonstrate that each of the 12 pentagons, which are necessary to close a fullerene, is best viewed as a rather high-energy, more than 2 eV, defect in a graphene sheet. The effect of the heptagon, the second most common defect in fullerene materials, is described. Most recently, we have developed accurate, variational gradient-corrected forces for use in geometry optimization of clusters and in molecular-dynamics simulations of friction. The gradient-corrected optimized geometry of C-60 is given. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,THEORET CHEM SECT,CODE 6179,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 91 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 1997 VL 64 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)64:2<193::AID-QUA6>3.0.CO;2-R PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA XM678 UT WOS:A1997XM67800006 ER PT J AU Miao, MS VanCamp, PE VanDoren, VE Ladik, JJ Mintmire, JW AF Miao, MS VanCamp, PE VanDoren, VE Ladik, JJ Mintmire, JW TI An LDA calculation of the conformation and electronic structure of polytetrafluoroethylene SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A density functional calculation of the structural and electronic properties of polytetrafluoroethylene systems with several different dihedral angles is presented using two different local density approximations, the Gaspar-Kohn-Sham and the Perdew-Zunger. All the geometrical parameters were optimized simultaneously for the stable conformation. The torsional potential curve shows an absolute minimum at the dihedral angle of 163.7 degrees, corresponding to a slightly deformed planar zigzag conformation. Other two distinct local minima for the quasi-stable helical conformation are found at the gauche form. The calculated valence and conduction bands are discussed and compared with other theoretical calculations and experiment. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV ANTWERP, RIJKSUNIV CTR ANTWERP, DEPT PHYS, B-2020 ANTWERP, BELGIUM. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG, FRIEDRICH ALEXANDER CHAIR THEORET CHEM, D-91058 ERLANGEN, GERMANY. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 1997 VL 64 IS 2 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)64:2<243::AID-QUA11>3.3.CO;2-D PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA XM678 UT WOS:A1997XM67800011 ER PT J AU Donnelly, DW Covington, BC Grun, J Hoffman, CA Meyer, JR Manka, CK Glembocki, O Qadri, SB Skelton, EF AF Donnelly, DW Covington, BC Grun, J Hoffman, CA Meyer, JR Manka, CK Glembocki, O Qadri, SB Skelton, EF TI Far-infrared spectroscopic, magnetotransport, and x-ray study of athermal annealing in neutron-transmutation-doped silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE SILICON; IMPURITY; MOBILITY; DENSITY AB We present evidence that the energy introduced by a short laser pulse focused to high intensity on a small spot on the surface of neutron-transmutation-doped silicon electrically activates impurities far away from the focal spot. The activation of the impurities is measured by far-infrared spectroscopy of shallow donor levels and by magnetotransport characterization. Electrical activity is comparable to that obtained with conventional thermal annealing. X-ray rocking curve measurements show strain in the area of the focal spot, but none at large distances from the focal spot. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Donnelly, DW (reprint author), SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HUNTSVILLE,TX 77341, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 5 BP 680 EP 682 DI 10.1063/1.119828 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XN677 UT WOS:A1997XN67700040 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Ford, RE AF Stephens, MB Ford, RE TI Intrathecal narcotics for labor analgesia SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID OBSTETRIC ANALGESIA; SUFENTANIL; FENTANYL; ANESTHESIA; MORPHINE AB Intrathecal narcotics are a relatively recent addition to the list of analgesic options that are available for the management of labor pain. Pain during the first stage of labor is related to repetitive uterine contractions and resultant cervical dilatation, while pain during the second stage is due to stretching of the perineum. Traditionally, continuous epidural analgesia has been used as the reference standard for providing comfort during labor. Intrathecal narcotics represent a safe and effective alternative that provides significant, rapid relief of labor pain during the first stage of labor. The drugs most often used for intrathecal administration include sufentanil, fentanyl, meperidine and morphine. Use of intrathecal narcotics does not significantly affect the natural progression of labor, and no adverse fetal outcomes have been reported. C1 USN HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ779 UT WOS:A1997XQ77900013 PM 9262527 ER PT J AU Chauhan, SP Magann, EF Morrison, JC Whitworth, NS Hendrix, NW Devoe, LD AF Chauhan, SP Magann, EF Morrison, JC Whitworth, NS Hendrix, NW Devoe, LD TI Ultrasonographic assessment of amniotic fluid does not reflect actual amniotic fluid volume SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the South-Atlantic-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY JAN 25-28, 1997 CL HOT SPRINGS, VA SP S Atlantic Assoc Obstetricians & Gynecologists DE amniotic fluid index; amniotic fluid volume ID IDIOPATHIC POLYHYDRAMNIOS; PREGNANCY AB OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare the ability of two methods of amniotic fluid assessment (two-diameter amniotic fluid pocket versus the amniotic fluid index) to predict oligohydramnios (actual amniotic fluid volume <500 ml) or polyhydramnios (actual amniotic fluid volume >1500 ml). STUDY DESIGN: The amniotic fluid index and the two-diameter amniotic fluid pocket were assessed before amniocentesis and determination of amniotic fluid volume with the dye (aminohippurate sodium) - dilution technique. To assess the detection of either oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios, the areas under the receiver-operator characteristic curves (+/-SE) were estimated by the point-to-point trapezoidal method of integration. Prediction limits were calculated by regression analysis of amniotic fluid index or two-diameter amniotic fluid pocket versus actual amniotic fluid volume and determination of 95th percentile ranges for amniotic fluid volume. RESULTS: We studied 144 patients with a mean (+/-SD) gestational age of 31.7 +/- 5.5 weeks; mean (+/-SD) amniotic fluid index and two-diameter amniotic fluid pocket were 12.6 +/- 6.1 cm and 21.2 +/- 18.4 cm(2), respectively. Mean (+/-SD) actual amniotic fluid volume was 722 +/- 735 ml (range 101 to 4318 ml). The areas under the four receiver-operator characteristic curves were not significantly different from the nondiagnostic line (p < 0.05). Regression slopes (r values) for amniotic fluid index and two-diameter amniotic fluid pocket versus actual amniotic fluid volume were 0.34 and 0.23, respectively. Calculation of the prediction limit for 95% confidence that oligohydramnios is absent requires that the amniotic fluid index be 30 cm and the two-dimension amniotic fluid pocket be 90 cm(2), both-thresholds of which are currently considered to represent clinical polyhydramnios. CONCLUSIONS: Both amniotic fluid index and two-dimension amniotic fluid pocket appear to be inaccurate predictors of actual oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios when compared with dye-dilution calculations of actual amniotic fluid volume. C1 USN HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,JACKSON,MS 39216. RP Chauhan, SP (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,1120 15TH ST,ROOM BAA 735,AUGUSTA,GA 30912, USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 177 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70189-3 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XU865 UT WOS:A1997XU86500012 PM 9290442 ER PT J AU Lewis, RA Clogston, P Fainstein, V Gross, R Samo, T Tuttle, C Jabs, DA Apuzzo, L Bartlett, J Coleson, L Dunn, JP Eldred, L Feinberg, J Flynn, T King, R Leslie, J Barron, B Greenspan, D LeCount, C Peyman, G Franklin, R Heinemann, MH Polsky, B Squires, K WiseCampbell, S Friedman, AH Cheung, TW Justin, N Teich, S Sacks, H Severin, C Friedberg, DN Addessi, A Dieterich, D Frost, K Weinberg, D Jampol, L Murphy, R Naughton, K Henderly, D Holland, GN Chafey, S Fall, H Hardy, WD Kimbrell, C MacArthurChang, L Freeman, WR Meixnert, L Peterson, TJ Quiceno, JI Rickman, L Simanello, MA Spector, S ODonnell, J Hoffman, L Irvine, A Jacobson, M Larson, A Seiff, S Wanner, M Davis, J Chuang, E Espinal, M Mendez, P Vandenbroucke, R Cheeseman, SH Gittinger, J Haubrich, R Kachadoorian, H Tolson, K Kline, JM Klemm, AC Stevens, M Webb, R BrownBellamy, J Markowitz, JA Meinert, CL Brookmeyer, R Collins, KB Collison, BJ Dodge, J Donithan, M Fink, N Gerczak, C Gilpin, AMK Holbrook, JT Isaacson, MR Levine, CR Martin, B Min, YI Meinert, JL Owens, RM Nowakowski, DJ Saah, A Singer, S Smith, M Sternberg, AL Tonascia, J VanNatta, ML Davis, MD AgresSegal, M Armstrong, J Brickbauer, J Brothers, R Chop, M Freitag, G Hubbard, L Hurlburt, D Jensen, K Kastorff, L King, B Magli, Y Messing, S Miner, K Neider, M Stoppenbach, V Thomas, S VanderhoofYoung, M Stewart, G Hughes, R Welch, L Mowery, R Ellenberg, S Korvick, J Clark, T Sattler, F Brown, BW Conway, B Grizzle, J Nussenblatt, R Phair, J Smith, H Whitley, R AF Lewis, RA Clogston, P Fainstein, V Gross, R Samo, T Tuttle, C Jabs, DA Apuzzo, L Bartlett, J Coleson, L Dunn, JP Eldred, L Feinberg, J Flynn, T King, R Leslie, J Barron, B Greenspan, D LeCount, C Peyman, G Franklin, R Heinemann, MH Polsky, B Squires, K WiseCampbell, S Friedman, AH Cheung, TW Justin, N Teich, S Sacks, H Severin, C Friedberg, DN Addessi, A Dieterich, D Frost, K Weinberg, D Jampol, L Murphy, R Naughton, K Henderly, D Holland, GN Chafey, S Fall, H Hardy, WD Kimbrell, C MacArthurChang, L Freeman, WR Meixnert, L Peterson, TJ Quiceno, JI Rickman, L Simanello, MA Spector, S ODonnell, J Hoffman, L Irvine, A Jacobson, M Larson, A Seiff, S Wanner, M Davis, J Chuang, E Espinal, M Mendez, P Vandenbroucke, R Cheeseman, SH Gittinger, J Haubrich, R Kachadoorian, H Tolson, K Kline, JM Klemm, AC Stevens, M Webb, R BrownBellamy, J Markowitz, JA Meinert, CL Brookmeyer, R Collins, KB Collison, BJ Dodge, J Donithan, M Fink, N Gerczak, C Gilpin, AMK Holbrook, JT Isaacson, MR Levine, CR Martin, B Min, YI Meinert, JL Owens, RM Nowakowski, DJ Saah, A Singer, S Smith, M Sternberg, AL Tonascia, J VanNatta, ML Davis, MD AgresSegal, M Armstrong, J Brickbauer, J Brothers, R Chop, M Freitag, G Hubbard, L Hurlburt, D Jensen, K Kastorff, L King, B Magli, Y Messing, S Miner, K Neider, M Stoppenbach, V Thomas, S VanderhoofYoung, M Stewart, G Hughes, R Welch, L Mowery, R Ellenberg, S Korvick, J Clark, T Sattler, F Brown, BW Conway, B Grizzle, J Nussenblatt, R Phair, J Smith, H Whitley, R TI Foscarnet-ganciclovir cytomegalovirus retinitis trial .5. Clinical features of cytomegalovirus retinitis at diagnosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS; AIDS; RETINOPATHY; MANIFESTATIONS; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION AB PURPOSE: To examine associations of systemic and ocular characteristics with severity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis at time of diagnosis and to compare ocular characteristics of eyes with and without CMV retinitis. METHODS: Eleven clinical centers, a data coordinating center, and a fundus photograph reading center participated in a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial comparing foscarnet and ganciclovir as primary therapy for previously untreated CMV retinitis in 240 patients with AIDS. RESULTS: The systemic characteristics marginally associated with the percentage of retina affect ed by CMV in a patient's worse eye at diagnosis were chronic fever, weight loss, and number of HIV-related illnesses. A positive CMV blood culture at diagnosis was similarly associated with bilateral disease. Laboratory measures of disease did not correlate well with measures of CMV retinitis severity. Many eyes with CMV retinitis had no or minimal lesion hemorrhage, but most had signs of inflammation. Patients often reported visual symptoms for involved eyes. The worse eyes (the eye with lesions covering the most retinal area) of patients with bilateral disease had greater retinal involvement, more lesions, and fewer degrees of visual field than did involved eyes of patients with unilateral disease. Visual symptoms, inflammation, indolent retinitis, and hemorrhagic lesions were associated with a greater percentage of retina affected by CMV. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support viremia as a mechanism of spread for untreated disease. Visual symptoms and signs of ocular inflammation were indicators both of the presence of CMV retinitis and of greater extent of retinal area covered by CMV retinitis lesions. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS CTR CLIN TRIALS,SOCA COORDINATING CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. BAYLOR COLL MED,CULLEN EYE INST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY. NYU,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHICAGO,IL 60611. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. USN HOSP,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL 33152. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,WORCESTER,MA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,CHAIRMANS OFF,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,COORDINATING CTR,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV WISCONSIN,FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPH READING CTR,MADRID,SPAIN. ERC BIOSERV CORP,DRUG DISTRIBUT CTR,ROCKVILLE,MD. NEI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OI Murphy, Robert/0000-0003-3936-2052; Weinberg, David/0000-0002-1974-9252 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 124 IS 2 BP 141 EP 157 PG 17 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA XP954 UT WOS:A1997XP95400001 ER PT J AU Bassily, S Kotkat, A Hyams, KC Youssef, FG ElMasry, NA Arthur, R Imam, IZ Brown, FM AF Bassily, S Kotkat, A Hyams, KC Youssef, FG ElMasry, NA Arthur, R Imam, IZ Brown, FM TI Immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine among infants of mothers with active schistosomiasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FOLLOW-UP; MANSONI; CHILDREN; INFECTION; EGYPT; BORN; EFFICACY; SAFETY; VIRUS AB A study of the immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was conducted among 385 Egyptian infants, 191 (49.6%) of whom were born to mothers with moderately active Schistosoma mansoni infection (mean egg count = 224 eggs/g of feces). All mothers were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen. Infants were vaccinated with a 2.5-mu g dose of this vaccine, given along with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine, at the ages of two, four, and six months. Serum samples taken from each infant at nine months of age were tested for HBsAg, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and quantitatively for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). There was no significant difference (P = 0.1) between anti-HBs titers in infants of S. mansoni-infected mothers (mean = 539 mIU/ml) and in infants of noninfected mothers (mean = 377 mIU/ml). This study shows that there was no apparent effect of maternal schistosomiasis infection on the immune response of these infants to vaccination. C1 USN,MED RES UNIT 3,CAIRO,EGYPT. HIGH INST PUBL HLTH,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 197 EP 199 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XT635 UT WOS:A1997XT63500016 PM 9288816 ER PT J AU Cai, W Chu, PC AF Cai, W Chu, PC TI Effects of convection instability due to incompatibility between ocean dynamics and surface forcings SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; PARAMETER SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORTS; DRIVEN AB The study demonstrates that an incompatibility between a surface temperature climatology and a given ocean model, into which the climatology is assimilated via Haney restoration, can cause model ocean climate drift and interdecadal oscillations when the ocean is switched to a weaker restoration. This is made using an idealized Atlantic Ocean model driven by thermal and wind forcing only. Initially, the temperature climatology is forcefully assimilated into the model, and an implied heat flux held is diagnosed. During this stage any incompatibility is suppressed. The restoring boundary condition is then switched to a new forcing consisting of a part of the diagnosed flux and a part of the restoring forcing in such a way that at the moment of the switching the heat flux is identical to that prior to the switching. Under this new forcing condition, the incompatibility becomes manifest, causing changes in convection patterns, and producing drift and interdecadal oscillations. The mechanisms are described. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP Cai, W (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,ASPENDALE,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. RI Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ATM HYDR JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1067 EP 1075 DI 10.1007/s00585-997-1067-1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XV259 UT WOS:A1997XV25900013 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL AF Hoffman, SL TI Experimental challenge of volunteers with malaria SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-PROTEIN; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; EFFICACY; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; HUMANS RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 127 IS 3 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN129 UT WOS:A1997XN12900010 PM 9245231 ER PT J AU Beineke, LW Goddard, W Lipman, MJ AF Beineke, LW Goddard, W Lipman, MJ TI Graphs with maximum edge-integrity SO ARS COMBINATORIA LA English DT Article AB The edge-integrity of a graph G is given by the minimum of \S\+m(G - S) taken over all S subset of or equal to E(G), where m(G - S) denotes the maximum order of a component of G - S. An honest graph is one with maximum edge-integrity (viz. its order). In this paper lower and upper bounds on the edge-integrity of a graph with given order and diameter are investigated. For example, it is shown that the diameter of an honest graph on n vertices is at most root 8n - 3, and this is sharp. Also, a lower bound for the edge-integrity of a graph in terms of its eigenvalues is established. This is used to show that for d sufficiently large almost all d-regular graphs are honest. C1 INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,FT WAYNE,IN 46805. UNIV NATAL,ZA-4000 DURBAN,SOUTH AFRICA. OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHARLES BABBAGE RES CTR PI WINNIPEG PA PO BOX 272 ST NORBERT POSTAL STATION, WINNIPEG MB R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0381-7032 J9 ARS COMBINATORIA JI ARS Comb. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 46 BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA XY481 UT WOS:A1997XY48100007 ER PT J AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC TI Systematic errors in the FK5 catalog as determined from CCD observations in the extragalactic reference frame SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIO; POSITIONS; STARS; CONSTRUCTION; VLBI AB This paper presents new positions for 689 FK5 stars determined directly in the extragalactic reference system from CCD scan observations made with the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT), All the observations were made in 1994-1996 with an accuracy of similar to+/-40 mas in each coordinate. When these positions are compared with their counterparts in the FK5 catalog, systematic errors in the FK5 are found that vary in both right ascension and declination and can be as large as 100 mas in magnitude. No magnitude-dependent errors in the FK5 were found, Moreover, the true error in FK5 star positions is determined to be similar to+/-80 mas in both coordinates or two times the expected catalog positional errors. Then is excellent agreement between the systematic errors in the FK5 found in this paper and those presented in Lindegren et al. (1995, A&A, 303, 34) comparing FK5 and Hipparcos 30-month star positions. By comparing corresponding FASTT and FK5 star positions. the link between the optical and extragalactic reference frames was determined and is given by the following rotations (omega(s),omega(y),omega(z))=(3+/-5,25+/-5,16+/-4) (s.e.) mast which agree well with previous determinations made by other investigators. Two of the rotations (omega(y),omega(z)) are significantly larger than their standard errors and, therefore, presumably real. Finally, since these rotations are small (less than or equal to 25 mas), the FK5 and extragalactic reference flames must be closely aligned to one another. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF STN,POB 1149,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 114 IS 2 BP 850 EP 858 DI 10.1086/118519 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XN548 UT WOS:A1997XN54800034 ER PT J AU Hummel, CA Krichbaum, TP Witzel, A Wullner, KH Steffen, W Alef, W Fey, A AF Hummel, CA Krichbaum, TP Witzel, A Wullner, KH Steffen, W Alef, W Fey, A TI The radio jet of quasar 0153+744 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: jets; quasars: general; quasars: individual: 0153+744 ID MILLIARCSECOND POLARIZATION STRUCTURE; COMPACT SYMMETRICAL OBJECTS; PEARSON-READHEAD SAMPLE; BANK VLBI SURVEY; RELATIVISTIC JETS; 24 OBJECTS; EVOLUTION; 3C-345; VARIABILITY; NUCLEI AB We present new high resolution VLBI images of the radio structure of quasar O153+744 (z = 2.338) at lambda lambda 13 cm, 6 cm, 3.6 cm, and 1.3 cm, and show that its jet as projected on the sky changes direction by a full 180 degrees between the core-jet component (A) and the bright secondary component (B) located only 10 milliarcseconds away from the core. Using images published for earlier epochs, we conclude that component B is stationary with respect to A and place an upper limit of 0.7 c (H-0 = 100 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), q(0) = 0.5) on any apparent motion. No component motions are found in the jet either, albeit with a less stringent upper limit. This is in contrast to the superluminal motion typically found in flat-spectrum radio sources, of which class O153+744 is a member. Component A is resolved at a wavelength of 1.3 cm into a core-jet structure with four distinct components, whereas B shows complex structure consisting of resolved steep-spectrum emission. At lower resolution, the structure of B is very similar at 1.3 cm and at 6 cm. Using B as a reference position, we measure a dependence of the core peak brightness position on the observing frequency in accordance with models for inhomogeneous synchrotron components. We find the spectral index of the optically thin emission of B to be close to the one of the steep-spectrum jet components between 6 cm and 3.6 cm. No extended emission is found on scales larger than about 1 arcsecond in new VLA images made at 20 cm in A and C configuration. We discuss a model of a precessing mildly relativistic jet for O153+744, and show that a reasonable fit to the observed properties of the radio structure is achieved. In this model, component B is the result of jet components superposed along the line-of-sight (LOS) and enhanced Doppler boosting due to their moving close to the LOS. The new components found close to the core with VLBI at lambda = 1.3 cm are sufficiently well-defined so that they may be studied in future VLBI experiments to detect motion, if any, which would further constrain, or perhaps falsify, the precessing beam model. C1 USN OBSERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20392 USA. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. UNIV MANCHESTER, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, MANCHESTER M13 9PL, LANCS, ENGLAND. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, 300 D ST SW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 3 BP 857 EP 869 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT422 UT WOS:A1997XT42200014 ER PT J AU Dixon, DD Tumer, TO Zych, AD Cheng, LX Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Pina, RK Puetter, RC Wheaton, WA AF Dixon, DD Tumer, TO Zych, AD Cheng, LX Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Pina, RK Puetter, RC Wheaton, WA TI Skymapping with OSSE via the mean field annealing pixon technique SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays, observations; techniques, image processing ID BAYESIAN IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION AB We present progress toward using scanned OSSE observations for mapping and Sky Survey work. To this end, we have developed a technique for detecting pointlike sources of unknown number and location, given that they appear in a background that is relatively featureless or that can be modeled. The technique, based on the newly developed pixon concept and mean field annealing, is described, with sample reconstructions of data from the OSSE Virgo Survey. The results demonstrate the capability of reconstructing source information without any a priori information about the number and/or location of pointlike sources in the field of view. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS GRP, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ASTRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 2 BP 891 EP 899 DI 10.1086/304347 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XP941 UT WOS:A1997XP94100035 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD BlandHawthorn, J Chiang, J McNaronBrown, K AF Dermer, CD BlandHawthorn, J Chiang, J McNaronBrown, K TI Osse observations of the ultraluminous infrared galaxies ARP 220, Markarian 273, and Markarian 231 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual (Arp 220, Markarian 273, Markarian 231); gamma rays, observations; infrared, galaxies ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; IRAS SURVEY; QUASARS AB We report results of soft gamma-ray observations of the ultraluminous infrared galaxies Arp 220, Mrk 273, and Mrk 231 in order to test whether the infrared radiation from these sources originates from buried active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Only upper limits are measured, implying that the emergent soft gamma-ray luminosities are 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the infrared luminosities. Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport through tori are used to infer the minimum column densities N-H required to block transmission of soft gamma-rays from a buried AGN, assuming that spectra of AGNs in such sources are similar to those of radio-quiet quasars. Lack of measured gamma-ray emission provides no supporting evidence for the existence of buried AGNs in these galaxies, but is consistent with an origin of the infrared luminosity from starburst activity. C1 ANGLO AUSTRALIAN OBSERV,EPPING,NSW 2121,AUSTRALIA. GEORGE MASON UNIV,CSI,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7653,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/310783 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XP943 UT WOS:A1997XP94300007 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ TI A method for determining the photospheric He-4 abundance SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun, abundances; Sun, flares; Sun, photosphere; Sun, X-rays, gamma rays ID HELIUM ABUNDANCE; SOLAR-WIND; NEUTRON AB The photospheric He-4/H ratio is not measured directly but is inferred from stellar evolution models, helioseismology, and coronal observations. We suggest a procedure for determining the photospheric ratio on the basis of solar wind isotopic He abundances and gamma-ray line measurements. Recent Ulysses measurements of the He-4/He-3 isotopic ratio in the solar wind indicate that it is constant over a large range of velocities; long-term averages in the ratio from different experiments are also consistent with one another, with values ranging from 2050 to 2350 and uncertainties ranging from 120 to 200. This constancy supports models indicating that substantial fractionation of these isotopes does not occur as they are transported from the photosphere to the solar wind. Comparison of the time histories of the 2.223 MeV neutron capture line and prompt de-excitation lines from solar flares provides the only direct measurement of the He-3/H ratio in the photosphere. This ratio has been determined for only a few flares. The most reliable ratio determined to date is 2.3 +/- 1.2 x 10(-5), where the uncertainty is statistical at the 90% confidence level. By multiplying these solar wind He-4/He-3 and gamma-ray-derived He-3/H ratios, we obtain estimates of the photospheric He-4/H ratio ranging from similar to 0.02 to 0.10. Improved observations of the solar wind He-4/He-3 ratio and modeling of its origin can confirm that it measures the photospheric ratio. Recent improvements in our understanding of flare-accelerated particles, based on gamma-ray line data, can be applied to models of 2.223 MeV line production. Application of these corrected models to high-quality gamma-ray line data obtained from instruments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the Solar Maximum Mission will result in a more accurate measurement of the photospheric He-3/H ratio and thus the He-4/H ratio. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 2 BP L165 EP L167 DI 10.1086/310791 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XP943 UT WOS:A1997XP94300018 ER PT J AU Ball, R Survanshi, SS AF Ball, R Survanshi, SS TI Outcome from neurological decompression illness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Ball, R (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,DIVING & ENVIRONM PHYSIOL DEPT,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 68 IS 8 BP 756 EP 756 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XQ267 UT WOS:A1997XQ26700014 PM 9262821 ER PT J AU Luten, AG Ralph, JA Mineka, S AF Luten, AG Ralph, JA Mineka, S TI Pessimistic attributional style: Is it specific to depression versus anxiety versus negative affect? SO BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY LA English DT Article ID CAUSAL MEDIATION COMPONENTS; DIATHESIS-STRESS; EXTRINSIC RELIGIOUSNESS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; MOOD REACTIONS; LIFE EVENTS; DISORDERS; VULNERABILITY; HOPELESSNESS; INVENTORY AB Two studies with college students explored the relationship of a pessimistic attributional style to positive and negative affect, as well as to depressed and anxious mood. Both studies revealed that a pessimistic attributional style was correlated with negative affect and depressed mood, but was unrelated to low levels of positive affect. The second study also showed a correlation with anxiety and that the association of pessimistic attributional style with emotional distress occurs for both depression-relevant (i.e. loss/failure) as well as anxiety-relevant (i.e. threatening) events. The second study also provided a longitudinal test of the diathesis-stress component of the reformulated helplessness theory. Results supported the hypothesis that pessimistic attributional style is a nonspecific diathesis for symptoms of both anxiety and depression. Implications for these findings for cognitive theories of depression are addressed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN,GREAT LAKES NAVAL STN,CHICAGO,IL. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP Luten, AG (reprint author), RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0005-7967 J9 BEHAV RES THER JI Behav. Res. Ther. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 703 EP 719 DI 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00027-2 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA XM661 UT WOS:A1997XM66100002 PM 9256514 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Schnur, JM AF Selinger, JV Schnur, JM TI Cooperative chiral order in the B-Z transition in random sequences of DNA SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUPERHELICAL DNA; ENERGETICS; POLYISOCYANATES; CONFORMATION; SENSE AB We present a theory for cooperative chiral order in the transition between right-handed B-DNA and left-handed Z-DNA, This theory, based on the random-field Ising model, predicts the characteristic length scale of Z-DNA segments, This length scale depends on whether the DNA is a homopolymer or a random sequence: it is similar to 4000 nucleotides in a homopolymer but only similar to 25 nucleotides in a random sequence. These theoretical results are consistent with experiments on DNA homopolymers and random sequences. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,CODE 6900,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 73 IS 2 BP 966 EP 971 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA XM537 UT WOS:A1997XM53700037 PM 9251813 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML Hooper, KL Kolsch, EJ AF Campbell, ML Hooper, KL Kolsch, EJ TI Temperature dependent study of the kinetics of Sc(a(2)D(3/2)) with O-2, N2O, CO2, NO and SO2 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; GAS-PHASE; OXIDATION; O2; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; DEPLETION; TI(A(3)F) AB The gas phase reactivity of Sc(a(2)D(3/2)) with O-2, N2O, CO2, NO and SO2 in the temperature range 298-523 K is reported. The bimolecular rate constants are described in Arrhenius form by k(O-2) = (1.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-7.9 +/- 0.7 kJ/mol/RT) cm(3) s(-1), k(N2O) = (1.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) exp(-12.0 +/- 0.6 kJ/mol/RT) cm(3) s(-1), k(CO2) = (7.3 +/- 1.3) x 10(-11) exp(-12.3 +/- 0.6 kJ/mol/RT) cm(3) s(-1) where the uncertainties are +/- 2 sigma. The rate constants with NO and SO2 were temperature insensitive with room temperature rate constants of 1.5 x 10(-11) and 2.0 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. The disappearance rates for all the reactants are independent of total pressure indicating a bimolecular abstraction mechanism. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00629-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XQ566 UT WOS:A1997XQ56600002 ER PT J AU Creuziger, CCK AF Creuziger, CCK TI Russia's unwanted children - A cultural anthropological study of marginalized children in Moscow and St Petersburg SO CHILDHOOD-A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF CHILD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE juvenile delinquency; marginalization; orphans; street children; urban Russia AB This study focuses on the plight of various categories of marginalized children in urban Russia, including orphans, children with some family ties in special boarding homes and street children, After a presentation of data on marginalized children in Russia within a global context and as background to the study, this article investigates the changing cultural views of marginalized children that Russian adults have developed since the Second World War. Changes in views have led to a change in the lifestyles of unwanted children in Russia, which further contributes to criminal activity and poverty on the streets of Moscow and St Petersburg. C1 USN,WASHINGTON,DC 20350. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND EC2A 4PU SN 0907-5682 J9 CHILDHOOD JI Child.-Glob. J. Child Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1177/0907568297004003006 PG 16 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XN554 UT WOS:A1997XN55400006 ER PT J AU Rhyne, TM Brutzman, D Macedonia, M AF Rhyne, TM Brutzman, D Macedonia, M TI Internetworked graphics and the Web SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA. RP Rhyne, TM (reprint author), US EPA,SCI VISUALIZAT CTR,LOCKHEED MARTIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 1997 VL 30 IS 8 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1109/2.607111 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XQ313 UT WOS:A1997XQ31300019 ER PT J AU Donato, TF Askari, F Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Lyzenga, DR AF Donato, TF Askari, F Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Lyzenga, DR TI Radar imaging of sand waves on the continental shelf east of Cape Hatteras, NC, USA SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVES; TOPOGRAPHY; MODEL; FLOW AB Imaging radars, under certain environmental conditions, can provide an extensive description of shallow submarine topography. In this investigation, sand waves were observed in shallow water and under light winds, weak flow, and highly stratified conditions with an L band synthetic aperture radar and X band real aperture radar. An analysis of the radar data reveals that regularly spaced modulations seen in the imagery are a result of bathymetric forcing. These modulations appear as a group of bright linear east-west trending features approximately 5 km in length and spaced 230 m apart with observed peak modulations exceeding predicted modulations by 7 dB. Bathymetric measurements extracted from shipboard ADCP data confirm the existence of sand waves in this region. Results from the ADCP data reveal an east-west orientation of the sand wave crest with lee slopes facing north. Mean wavelengths are 230 m and the heights are roughly 2.5 m. The radar modulations lead the sand wave crest, by approximately 135 m suggesting a possible upstream hydrodynamic effect, which is consistent with an observed Froude number less than one. This study shows that bathymetric effects are observed in radar imagery at low current speed, light winds, and strong stratification, demonstrating the critical nature that topographic and stratified hydrodynamic effects have on radar image interpretation in the littoral environment. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT NAVAL ARCHITECTURE & MARINE ENGN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP USN, RES LAB, REMOTE SENSING DIV, REMOTE SENSING HYDRODYNAM BRANCH, CODE 7250, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 17 IS 9 BP 989 EP 1004 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(97)00001-0 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XJ004 UT WOS:A1997XJ00400001 ER PT J AU Brandt, J Galy, A Luens, K Travis, M Youn, J Tong, J Davis, T Lee, K Chen, B Tushinski, R Hoffman, R AF Brandt, J Galy, A Luens, K Travis, M Youn, J Tong, J Davis, T Lee, K Chen, B Tushinski, R Hoffman, R TI Bone marrow repopulation by human marrow stem cells following long-term expansion culture on porcine endothelial cell line. SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. SYSTEMIX INC,PALO ALTO,CA. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL. RI Galy, Anne/J-4439-2013 OI Galy, Anne/0000-0002-0153-4392 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 25 IS 8 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XR330 UT WOS:A1997XR33000036 ER PT J AU Flack, KA AF Flack, KA TI Near-wall structure of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Modifications to near-wall turbulent boundary layer structure with increased three-dimensionality have been investigated through the use of hydrogen bubble wire flow visualization. Results indicate that three-dimensionality does not influence the strength or sign of near-wall streamwise vortices. Increased three-dimensionality does stabilize the near-wall structure resulting in less ejection type activity. The spanwise spacing between low-speed streaks also decreased slightly with increased cross-flow. RP Flack, KA (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT ENGN MECH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD AUG PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s003480050119 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA XV295 UT WOS:A1997XV29500010 ER PT J AU McCarthy, DD Kusters, JA AF McCarthy, DD Kusters, JA TI Untitled SO HEWLETT-PACKARD JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP McCarthy, DD (reprint author), USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEWLETT-PACKARD CO PI PALO ALTO PA 3000 HANOVER STREET, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 SN 0018-1153 J9 HEWLETT-PACKARD J JI Hewlett-Packard J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 48 IS 4 BP COV4 EP COV4 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XQ945 UT WOS:A1997XQ94500018 ER PT J AU Masterson, D AF Masterson, D TI Handbook of Leftist guerrilla groups in Latin America and the Caribbean - Gross,L SO HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Masterson, D (reprint author), USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 SN 0018-2168 J9 HISPANIC AM HIST REV JI Hisp. Am. Hist. Rev. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 77 IS 3 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.2307/2516761 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XN872 UT WOS:A1997XN87200055 ER PT J AU Steiner, N Ng, J Bush, J Hartzman, RJ Johnston-Dow, L Hurley, CK AF Steiner, N Ng, J Bush, J Hartzman, RJ Johnston-Dow, L Hurley, CK TI HLA-B alleles associated with the B15 serologically defined antigens SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; SEQUENCE; HLA-B15; MOLECULES; FAMILY AB Cells expressing HLA molecules in the B15 family were identified by serologic typing in routine testing of volunteer donors of various ethnic backgrounds for a bone marrow registry. DNA sequencing was used to identify HLA-B15 alleles associated with each serologic type and to examine the diversity within the B15 antigen family. Alleles which appeared predominantly in each B15 serologic cluster included: B15 with no defined serologic subdivision (B*1501), B62 (B*1501), B63 (B*1516, B*1517), B75 (B*1502, B*1521), and B76/77 (B*1513). Other B*15 alleles were also found associated with the serotypes and some of these alleles (e.g., B*1501 and B*1516) were found in two or more serologic clusters illustrating the complexity of this family. The B15 unsplit and B75 groups were the most complex exhibiting 16 and 7 alleles, respectively, within each serotype. Five new B*15 alleles (B*1530, B*1531, B*1533, B*1534, B*1535) and 5 other new KLA-B alleles (B*38022, B*3910, B*4010, B*51012, and B*5108) were also identified. (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 1997. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. PE Appl Biosyst, Foster City, CA USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(97)00112-2 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YN912 UT WOS:000071221200010 PM 9455497 ER PT J AU Endicott, D Frost, V AF Endicott, D Frost, V TI Performance experiences with wide area high-speed networks SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV KANSAS,INFORMAT & TELECOMMUN TECHNOL CTR,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. RP Endicott, D (reprint author), USN,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN & SURVEILLANCE CTR,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 106 EP 108 DI 10.1109/MCOM.1997.606037 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XR427 UT WOS:A1997XR42700013 ER PT J AU Niehaus, D Battou, A McFarland, A Decina, B Dardy, H Sirkay, V Edwards, B AF Niehaus, D Battou, A McFarland, A Decina, B Dardy, H Sirkay, V Edwards, B TI Performance benchmarking of signaling in ATM networks SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The overhead associated with establishing switched virtual circuits (SVCs) in high-speed wide area ATM networks is an important performance factor in applications with client/server architectures, including the World Wide Web and low-latency applications such as command/control and modeling/simulation. This article quantifies this overhead by describing a benchmarking framework implemented in a reliable, portable, and easily expandable toolset designed to conduct measurements of well-defined parameters and performance metrics on equipment that is either isolated or connected to a live network. The usefulness of this toolset is then demonstrated in a test suite applied to assess call rates and connection establishment latency of point-to-point and point-to-multipoint ATM connections in the MAGIC, ATDnet, and AAI WANs, on the campus ATM LAN at NRL, and on individual switches in our laboratories. C1 USN,RES LAB,CTR COMPUTAT SCI,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. SPRINT CORP,OVERLAND PK,KS. RP Niehaus, D (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT EECS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1109/35.606041 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XR427 UT WOS:A1997XR42700017 ER PT J AU Ashton, EA Parker, KJ Berg, MJ Chen, CW AF Ashton, EA Parker, KJ Berg, MJ Chen, CW TI A novel volumetric feature extraction technique with applications to MR images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE deformable model; feature extraction; MRI; three-dimensional ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; HIPPOCAMPAL; MODELS; RECONSTRUCTION; SEGMENTATION; BRAIN AB A semiautomated feature extraction algorithm is presented for the extraction and measurement of the hippocampus from volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) head scans. This algorithm makes use of elements of both deformable model and region growing techniques and allows incorporation of a priori operator knowledge of hippocampal location and shape, Experimental results indicate that the algorithm is able to estimate hippocampal volume and asymmetry with an accuracy which approaches that of laborious manual outlining techniques. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER, DEPT ELECT ENGN, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. UNIV ROCHESTER, DEPT NEUROL, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. RP Ashton, EA (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, DIV OPT SCI, 4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1109/42.611343 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XP725 UT WOS:A1997XP72500001 PM 9262994 ER PT J AU Seeds, AJ Esman, RD AF Seeds, AJ Esman, RD TI Introduction to the special issue on microwave and millimeter-wave photonics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Seeds, AJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,LONDON WC1 E7JE,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1277 EP 1278 PN 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XT119 UT WOS:A1997XT11900001 ER PT J AU deBarros, LEM Paolella, A Frankel, MY Romero, MA Herczfeld, PR Madjar, A AF deBarros, LEM Paolella, A Frankel, MY Romero, MA Herczfeld, PR Madjar, A TI Photoresponse of microwave transistors to high-frequency modulated lightwave carrier signal SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE heterojunction bipolar transistors; microwave transistors; optoelectronic devices; photodetectors; phototransistors; transient analysis ID GAAS-MESFETS; PHOTOTRANSISTORS AB Described in this paper are the photoresponse characteristics of microwave transistors, both unipolar [metal-semiconductor FET's (MESFET's) and modulation-doped FET's (MODFET's)] and bipolar [heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's)], Investigation includes time-and frequency-domain measurements, For unipolar devices FET's, the two dominant photodetection mechanisms, photoconductive and photovoltaic, are clearly identified within the same device for the first time, It is shown that even high-speed FET's are limited to a photonic bandwidth or a few megahertz, if photodetection and amplification are to be achieved simultaneously. In contrast, bipolars HET's can provide optical gain up to the millimeter-wave range, It is shown that their bandwidth to a modulated optical input is closely related to the microwave bandwidth, and that parameters such as base-access resistance and base-emitter capacitance are critical to photoresponse optimization. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP deBarros, LEM (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV,CTR MICROWAVE LIGHTWAVE ENGN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. RI Romero, Murilo/A-4698-2008 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1368 EP 1374 DI 10.1109/22.618438 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XT119 UT WOS:A1997XT11900014 ER PT J AU Nichols, LT Williams, KJ Esman, RD AF Nichols, LT Williams, KJ Esman, RD TI Optimizing the ultrawide-band photonic link SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE cascade systems; impedance matching; intensity modulation; intermodulation distortion; optical fiber delay lines; sensitivity ID ANALOG FIBEROPTIC LINKS; DYNAMIC-RANGE; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; EXTERNAL MODULATION AB Performance of nide-band photonic links (PL's) using Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM's) is reported, Comparison parameters include loss, noise figure, and spur-free dynamic range (SFDR). The feasibility of a 0-dB noise-figure link even with passive matching is given and the advantages of dual-output MZM's are presented, A new figure of merit is introduced to quantitatively optimize link performance with or without a preamplifier. RP Nichols, LT (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 15 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1384 EP 1389 DI 10.1109/22.618440 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XT119 UT WOS:A1997XT11900016 ER PT J AU Frankel, MY Matthews, PJ Esman, RD AF Frankel, MY Matthews, PJ Esman, RD TI Fiber-optic true time steering of an ultrawide-band receive array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE antenna array feeds; phased arrays; optical control; optical fiber delay lines ID DELAY; ANTENNAS; ARCHITECTURE AB We report the development and demonstration of the first true time-delay (TTD) fiber-optic beamformer for ultrawide-band antenna receive operation, The beamformer is based on a dispersive-fiber prism configuration that properly time delays the signals originating at each receiving element for coherent combining in the microwave domain, The time-steered receive antenna consists of eight spiral elements arranged into a one-dimensional (1-D) sparsely populated array, The receive array shows an instantaneous bandwidth of 6-18 GHz, limited by the available matched microwave amplifiers, The array performance is measured in an anechoic chamber and exhibits unprecedented squint-free steering over an azimuth scan of 120 degrees over the full frequency range. RP Frankel, MY (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 11 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1522 EP 1526 DI 10.1109/22.618469 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XT119 UT WOS:A1997XT11900040 ER PT J AU Yang, MCK Lee, JS AF Yang, MCK Lee, JS TI Hough transform modified by line connectivity and line thickness SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Hough transform; line detection; pattern recognition; likelihood principle; pixel connectivity ID CURVE DETECTION; PICTURES AB A modified Hough transform based on a likelihood principle of connectivity and thickness is proposed for line detection. It makes short as well as thick line segments easier to detect in a noisy image. Certain desirable properties of the new method are justified by theory and simulations. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NATL TSING HUA UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, HSINCHU, TAIWAN. RP UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT STAT, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 8 BP 905 EP 910 DI 10.1109/34.608293 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XT987 UT WOS:A1997XT98700009 ER PT J AU Groutage, D AF Groutage, D TI A fast algorithm for computing minimum cross-entropy positive time-frequency distributions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID WIGNER DISTRIBUTION; SIGNAL ANALYSIS; TOOL; KERNELS AB An algorithm for obtaining nonnegative, joint time-frequency distributions Q(t, f) satisfying the univariate marginals \s(t)\(2) and \S(f)\(2) is presented and applied. The advantage of the algorithm presented is that large time series records can be processed without requirements for large random access memory (RAM) and central processing unit (CPU) time. This algorithm is based on the Loughlin ct al. method for synthesizing positive distributions using the principle of minimum cross entropy. The nonnegative distributions with the correct marginals that are obtained using this approach are density functions as proposed by Cohen and Zaparovanny and Cohen and Posch. Three examples are presented: The first is a nonlinear frequency modulation (FM) sweep signal (simulated data); the second and third are of physical systems (real data). The second example is the signal for the acoustic scattering response of an elastic cylindrical shell structure. The third example is of an acoustic transient signal from an underwater vehicle. Example one contains 7500 data points, example two contains 256 data points, and example three contains in excess of 30 000 data points. The RAM requirements using the original Loughlin et al. algorithm for a 7500 data point signal is 240 mega bytes and for a 30 000 data point signal is 3.5 billion bytes. The new algorithm reduces the 240 mega byte requirement to 1 mega byte and the 3.5 billion byte requirement to 4 million bytes. Furthermore, the fast algorithm runs 240 times faster for the 7500 data point signal and 3000 times faster for the 30 000 data point signal as compared with the original Loughlin ct al. algorithm. RP Groutage, D (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,PUGET SOUND DETACHMENT,BREMERTON,WA 98314, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1954 EP 1970 DI 10.1109/78.611188 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XP526 UT WOS:A1997XP52600005 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL Sedegah, M Wang, RB Scheller, LF Kumar, A Weiss, WR Le, TP Klinman, DM Hobart, P Norman, JA Hedstrom, RC AF Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL Sedegah, M Wang, RB Scheller, LF Kumar, A Weiss, WR Le, TP Klinman, DM Hobart, P Norman, JA Hedstrom, RC TI Toward clinical trials of DNA vaccines against malaria SO IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; malaria; Plasmodium; protective immunity ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GAMMA-INTERFERON; INFECTED HEPATOCYTES; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; CELLS RECOGNIZE; PROTECTION; IMMUNIZATION AB In mid 1997 the first malaria DNA vaccine will enter clinical trials. This single gene DNA vaccine encoding the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporazoite protein (PfCSP) will be studied for safety and immunogenicity. If these criteria are met, a multi-gene DNA vaccine designed to induce protective CD8(+) T cell responses against P. falciparum infected hepatocytes will be subsequently assessed for safety, immunogenicity and capacity to protect immunized volunteers against experimental challenge with P. falciparum sporozoites. Our perspectives on malaria vaccine development in general,(1) and on a multi-gene DNA vaccine in particular,(2) have been recently reviewed. Herein, we review the rationale and experimental foundation for the anticipated P. falciparum DNA vaccine trials. C1 USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. HENRY M JACKSON FDN,ROCKVILLE,MD. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. VICAL INC,SAN DIEGO,CA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 64 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0818-9641 J9 IMMUNOL CELL BIOL JI Immunol. Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 75 IS 4 BP 376 EP 381 DI 10.1038/icb.1997.59 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA YC996 UT WOS:A1997YC99600010 PM 9315481 ER PT J AU Charoenvit, Y Fallarme, V Rogers, WO Sacci, JB Kaur, M Aguiar, JC Yuan, LF Corradin, G Andersen, E Wizel, B Houghten, RA Oloo, A DelaVega, P Hoffman, SL AF Charoenvit, Y Fallarme, V Rogers, WO Sacci, JB Kaur, M Aguiar, JC Yuan, LF Corradin, G Andersen, E Wizel, B Houghten, RA Oloo, A DelaVega, P Hoffman, SL TI Development of two monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2 and mapping of B-cell epitopes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; ANONYMOUS PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES; INVITRO ASSAY; AMINO-ACID; REGION-II; THROMBOSPONDIN; ANTIGEN AB The Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein 2 (PySSP2) is the target of protective cellular immunity, Cytotoxic T cells specific for the Plasmodium falciparum analog PfSSP2, also known as thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP), are induced in human volunteers immunized with irradiated sporozoites, PfSSP2 is an important candidate antigen for a multicomponent malaria vaccine, We generated and characterized three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for PfSSP2/TRAP. The MAbs PfSSP2.1 (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]), PfSSP2.2 (IgC2a), and PfSSP2.3 (IgM) were species specific and identified three distinct B-cell epitopes containing sequences DRYI, CHPSDGKC, and TRPHGR, respectively, PfSSP2.1 partially inhibited P. falciparum liver-stage parasite development in human hepatocyte cultures (42 and 86% in two experiments at 100 mu g/ml). Mice immunized with vaccinia virus expressing full-length PfSSP2 protein produced antibodies to (DRYIPYSP)(3), and humans living in malaria-endemic areas (Indonesia and Kenya), who have lifelong exposure and partial clinical immunity to malaria, had antibodies to both (DRYIPYSP)(3) and (CHPSDGKCN)(2). Mice immunized with multiple antigen peptides MAP4 (DRYIPYSP)(3)P2P30 and MAP4 (CHPSDGKCN)(3)P2P30 in TiterMax developed antibodies to sporozoites that partially inhibited sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells (39 to 71% at a serum dilution of 1:50 in three different experiments). The modest inhibitory activities of the MAbs and the polyclonal antibodies to PfSSP2/TRAP epitopes do not suggest that a single-component vaccine designed to induce antibodies against PfSSP2/TRAP will be protective, Nonetheless, the MAbs directed against PfSSP2, and the peptides recognized by these MAbs, will be essential reagents in the development of PfSSP2/TRAP as a component of a multivalent P. falciparum human malaria vaccine. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. UNIV LAUSANNE,INST BIOCHEM,CH-1066 EPALINGES,SWITZERLAND. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT TROP MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. TORREY PINES INST MOL STUDIES,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR & CONTROL RES CTR,KISUMU,KENYA. RP Charoenvit, Y (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,12300 WASHINGTON AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 65 IS 8 BP 3430 EP 3437 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XM714 UT WOS:A1997XM71400064 PM 9234808 ER PT J AU Sternberg, J Orphal, DL AF Sternberg, J Orphal, DL TI A note on the high velocity penetration of aluminum nitride SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aluminum nitride; impact; hypervelocity; penetration; long rods; Tate model; after-flow; secondary penetration AB Recently published data on the penetration of long tungsten rods into confined aluminum nitride targets are further analyzed. It is concluded that the difference between the primary, steady-state penetration and the total penetration is too large to be accounted for by theories of 'after-flow' and is, instead, due to secondary penetration of the eroded penetrator material after the primary penetrator-target interaction. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 INT RES ASSOCIATES,PLEASANTON,CA 94566. RP Sternberg, J (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 7 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00002-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YB803 UT WOS:A1997YB80300006 ER PT J AU Beaven, SG Gogineni, SP Tjuatja, S Fung, AK AF Beaven, SG Gogineni, SP Tjuatja, S Fung, AK TI Model-based interpretation of ERS-1 SAR images of Arctic sea ice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTER SIGNATURES; RADAR AB Interpretation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of sea ice is complex because of the natural variability of sea ice and sensor-induced effects, such as speckle. Most of the research on SAR image interpretation has focused on the winter months and algorithms were developed to classify sea ice successfully under cold conditions. However, interpretation of SAR images during the seasonal transitions has proved difficult due to rapidly changing weather conditions. In this paper we address the application of SAR during the transition from summer to the fall freeze-up. This period is important because it signals the start of significant new ice growth, which affects the air-ocean heat exchange and injects brine into the upper layers of the ocean. We have interpreted SAR images of the sea ice in terms of the basic ice characteristics by using shipborne radar measurements of sea ice during the freeze-up and models derived from these measurements. We have shown that the model-based approach is effective in interpreting SAR images during this seasonal transition. This work also provides the physical mechanisms responsible for the large increase in backscatter observed at the end of the summer melt season. C1 UNIV KANSAS, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, RADAR SYST & REMOTE SENSING LAB, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA. UNIV TEXAS, WAVE SCATTERING RES CTR, ARLINGTON, TX 76019 USA. RP Beaven, SG (reprint author), USN COMMAND, CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR, RES DEV TEST & EVALUAT DIV, 535 HULL ST, SAN DIEGO, CA 92152 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2483 EP 2503 DI 10.1080/014311697217431 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XN667 UT WOS:A1997XN66700002 ER PT J AU Batikov, YV Glushak, BL Novikov, SA Fishman, ND AF Batikov, YV Glushak, BL Novikov, SA Fishman, ND TI Low-melting metal resistance to plastic strain in shock-compressed state SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamics Loading (EURODYMAT 97) CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Carlos III Madrid, Assoc DYMAT AB The measuremental results are presented for the main stresses, sigma(x) and sigma(y), behind the plane stationary shock wave front in the low-melting metals (Mg, Cd, Sn, Zn, Bi). In every test the piesoresistive gauges were employed for the measurements, placed in two mutually perpendicular planes of a sample. The gauge measuring element is a linear piece of the manganine wire of 0.05 mm in diameter and 10 mm long. The total gauge thickness with polymer insulation was 0.23 mm at low stresses and 0.53 mm at high ones behind the shock wave front. Stationary shock waves of duration about similar to 1 mu s entered into the sample from the screen where the shock wave propagates being generated by a detonation wave incident along the normal. The measured values correctness for the main stresses, sigma(x) and sigma(y), is supported by the special tests with paraffin, steel (elastic and plastic deformation regions), ceramics (elastic deformation regions) and vanadium. For the low-melting metals investigation in the normal stresses range, sigma(x) = 4-25 GPA, the strong strengthening was recorded at the high-speed deformation by the shock waves. The dependence of dynamic ultimate yield, Y-g = sigma(x) - sigma(y) on sigma(x) approaches a linear one the range investigation. C1 OFF NAVAL RES,DIV MAT,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. RP Batikov, YV (reprint author), VNIIIEF,FED NUCL CTR RUSSIA,ARZAMAS 16,MIRA 607190 37,NIZHNI NOVGOROG,RUSSIA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 1997 VL 7 IS C3 BP 477 EP 480 DI 10.1051/jp4:1997382 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YA512 UT WOS:A1997YA51200083 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW AF Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW TI Dislocation mechanics based analysis of material dynamics behavior: Enhanced ductility, deformation twinning, shock deformation, shear instability, dynamic recovery SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamics Loading (EURODYMAT 97) CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP Univ Carlos III Madrid, Assoc DYMAT ID CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; PLASTIC INSTABILITY; STRAIN AB Further developments are described for the dislocation mechanics based constitutive equation analysis previously used to describe the separate dynamic stress-strain behavior of fee and bcc metal polycrystals. An enhanced hardening and ductility in copper and certain tantalum materials at higher strain rates in split Hopkinson pressure bar tests and in shock loading are attributed to enhanced dislocation generation rather than to dislocation drag. Added material strengthening is accounted for also by deformation twinning in ARMCO iron and titanium and in shocked copper and tantalum. The separate equations are applied to calculate the critical strain for shear banding in copper, iron, and the titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. In the two latter cases, the results are very sensitive to the details of the strain-hardening behavior and the need is demonstrated for a dynamic recovery factor to account for the onset of shear banding. Consideration is given also to the possibility that shear band behavior requires explanation on a more fundamental Hall-Fetch dislocation pile-up basis. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP USN, CTR SURFACE WARFARE, INDIAN HEAD DIV, 101 STRAUSS AVE, INDIAN HEAD, MD 20640 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 1997 VL 7 IS C3 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1051/jp4:19973109 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YA512 UT WOS:A1997YA51200110 ER PT J AU Johnston, JH Driskell, JE Salas, E AF Johnston, JH Driskell, JE Salas, E TI Vigilant and hypervigilant decision making SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRESS AB Recent studies have argued that deficient decision making under stress is due to adoption of a hypervigilant style of decision making, which has been characterized as disorganized and inefficient. However, under the conditions that characterize many real-world of naturalistic tasks, a hypervigilant pattern of decision making may be adaptive, because the decision maker does not have the luxury of implementing a more elaborate analytic procedure. This study examined the effectiveness of vigilant and hypervigilant decisionmaking strategies on a naturalistic task. Results indicated that participants who used a hypervigilant decision-making strategy performed better than those who used a vigilant strategy. Implications for decision making in naturalistic environments are discussed. C1 FLORIDA MAXIMA CORP,WINTER PK,FL. RP Johnston, JH (reprint author), USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,TRAINING SYST DIV,12350 RES PKWY,ORLANDO,FL 32826, USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 82 IS 4 BP 614 EP 622 PG 9 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA XR125 UT WOS:A1997XR12500014 PM 9378686 ER PT J AU Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL Edson, JB AF Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL Edson, JB TI A study of wind stress determination methods from a ship and an offshore tower SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; TURBULENT KINETIC-ENERGY; INERTIAL-DISSIPATION METHOD; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; OPEN-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; CONSTANT AB Comparisons are made between surface wind stress measurements obtained by the inertial-dissipation and direct covariance methods on a stable offshore tower and by the inertial-dissipation and bulk methods on a ship. The shipboard inertial-dissipation friction velocity measurements agreed very well with both the tower inertial-dissipation and direct covariance values, to within +/-2% in the mean and with a 10% or lower rms scatter. The inertial-dissipation determinations also exhibited less scatter than the tower direct covariance measurements. A detailed error analysis indicates that shipboard inertial-dissipation wind stress values can have an accuracy of better than 15% in near-neutral conditions, as compared to an accuracy of roughly 30% for the bulk method. The accuracy of shipboard inertial-dissipation values was shown to be equal to that of direct covariance measurements from a tower. Errors in inertial-dissipation wind stress values are most likely due primarily to deviations from the assumed balance between turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation and to errors in determining the wind speed variance spectra. Errors in direct covariance measurements are most likely due primarily to finite time averaging and to flow distortion effects, unless great care is taken to minimize or correct for flow distortion. The high accuracy of inertial-dissipation wind stress values found in this study, combined with the well-known difficulties in shipboard direct covariance measurements due to platform motion ana flow distortion, demonstrate that the inertial-dissipation method is the best option at present for determining the wind stress from a ship. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT APPL OCEAN PHYS & ENGN,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP Frederickson, PA (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,589 DYER RD,ROOM 254,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 822 EP 834 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<0822:ASOWSD>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XN532 UT WOS:A1997XN53200006 ER PT J AU Wunschel, DS Fox, KF Fox, A Nagpal, ML Kim, K Stewart, GC Shahgholi, M AF Wunschel, DS Fox, KF Fox, A Nagpal, ML Kim, K Stewart, GC Shahgholi, M TI Quantitative analysis of neutral and acidic sugars in whole bacterial cell hydrolysates using high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE sugars; teichoic acids; teichuronic acids ID PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MONOSACCHARIDES; QUANTIFICATION; LEGIONELLAE; TISSUES AB A procedure for analysis of a mixture of neutral and acidic sugars in bacterial whole cell hydrolysates using high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPAEC-ESI-MS-MS) is described. Certain bacteria (including bacilli), grown under phosphate-limited conditions, switch from producing a teichoic acid (containing ribitol) to a teichuronic acid (characterized by glucuronic acid content). Bacterial cells were hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid to release sugar monomers. The solution was neutralized by extraction with an organic base. Hydrophobic and cationic contaminants (including amino acids) were removed using C-18 and SCX columns, respectively. HPAEC is well established as a high-resolution chromatographic technique, in conjunction with a pulsed amperometric detector. Alternatively, for more selective detection, sugars (as M-H- ions) were monitored using ESI-MS. In HPAEC, the mobile phase contains sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate, which are necessary for chromatographic separation of mixtures of neutral and acidic sugars. Elimination of this high ionic content prior to entry into the ESI ion source is vital to avoid compromising sensitivity. This was accomplished using an on-line suppressor and decreasing post-column flow-rates from 1 mi to 50 mu l/min. In the selected ion monitoring mode, background (from the complex sample matrix as well as the mobile phase) was eliminated, simplifying chromatograms. Sugar identification was achieved by MS-MS using collision-induced dissociation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,SC 29209. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT DIAGNOST MED PATHOBIOL,COLL VET MED,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 776 IS 2 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00356-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XT070 UT WOS:A1997XT07000004 PM 9291597 ER PT J AU Semtner, AJ AF Semtner, AJ TI A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODEL; SIMULATION; EDDIES RP Semtner, AJ (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 135 IS 2 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1006/jcph.1997.5718 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA XQ327 UT WOS:A1997XQ32700011 ER PT J AU Ananth, R Gill, WN AF Ananth, R Gill, WN TI Dendritic growth in microgravity and forced convection SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONVECTION; OPERATING STATE; SELECTION; STABILITY; MELT; SOLIDIFICATION; FUNDAMENTALS; CRYSTALS; FLOW AB A unified treatment of natural and forced convection, based on solutions of Navier-Stokes and energy equations, is used to analyze the experimental data on dendritic crystal growth from undercooled succinonitrile melts. The melt velocities that have been induced in the experiments reported for, mu g, 1g and forced convection differ by 10(5), the order being 10(-5), 10(-2), 1 cm/s, respectively. Transport theory predicts quite well the growth Peclet number, P = VR/2 alpha, as a function of the Stefan, St, Prandtl, Pr, and Grashof, Gr, or Reynolds, Re, numbers in thermal or forced convection. For mu g the theoretical simulations and the experiments suggest a relation P - P-IV = a P-IV + bGr(1/4), where P-IV is the growth Peclet number given by Ivantsov's conduction theory with equal melt and solid densities, rho(1) = rho(s), and a, b are constants. The microgravity (mu g) data show systematic deviations above and below Ivantsov's conduction theory for an isothermal dendrite at low and high undercooling, respectively. We show here theoretically that convection in the melt, at low undercooling is partly responsible for the higher rates of growth. Conversely, advection, (rho(1) not equal rho(s)), solid phase conduction and the Gibbs-Thompson curvature at large undercoolings could account for most of the deviations below Ivantsov's solution in the mu g experiments. At 1g, the convection theory of Ananth and Gill for an isothermal dendrite agrees well with the experiments over the entire range of undercoolings studied. The critical undercooling required to produce by convection a 1% change in P decreases with the level of gravity and is given approximately by the slowly varying function Delta T-c similar to (g/g(0))(0.15). Thus a large change in g/g(0) produces a small change in Delta T-c and the critical undercooling needed to render convection negligible is rather insensitive to the strength of the gravitational field. Existing theories predict that the pattern selection parameter, sigma*, is independent of undercooling. However, the thermal (10(-5)-10(-2) cm/s) and forced (10(-1)-1 cm/s) convection data show that sigma* does depend on both the undercooling and the intensity of convection at larger values of Re and depends only on Delta T at small Re. In the forced convection experiments, Re is large, and sigma* clearly increases with Reynolds number at fixed values of the undercooling. In the thermal convection experiments, sigma* increases with decreasing Delta T and is independent of the intensity (up to 0.01 cm/s) of convection because Re is small. This dependence of sigma* on Delta T and Re is not well understood and needs further study because of theoretical interest. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, DEPT CHEM ENGN, TROY, NY 12180 USA. USN, RES LAB, DIV CHEM, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG PY 1997 VL 179 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00143-7 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XN902 UT WOS:A1997XN90200034 ER PT J AU Wallet, BC Solka, JL Priebe, CE AF Wallet, BC Solka, JL Priebe, CE TI A method for detecting microcalcifications in digital mammograms SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology CY JUN 21-24, 1997 CL MAYO CLIN, ROCHESTER, MN SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol HO MAYO CLIN DE digital mammography; microcalcifications; high-boost filtering; detection AB Microcalcification clusters are often an important indicator for the detection of malignancy in mammograms. In many cases, microcalcifications are the only indication of a malignancy. However. the detection of microcalcifications can be a difficult process. They are small and can be embedded in dense tissue, This paper presents a method for automatically detecting microcalcifications. We utilize a high-boost filter to suppress background clutter enabling segmentation even in very dense breast tissue. We then use a threshholding and region growing technique to extract candidate microcalcifications. Likely microcalcifications are then identified by a linear classifier. We apply this method to images selected from the LLNL/UCSF Digital Mammogram Library, and produce a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to detail the trade-off between probability of detection and false alarms. Finally, we exam the ability to properly selects threshold to achieve a desired probability of detection based upon a training set. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,CTR COMPUTAT STAT,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Wallet, BC (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,ADV COMPUTAT TECHNOL GRP,CODE B10,DAHLGREN,VA 22448, USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 SU 1 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XR542 UT WOS:A1997XR54200042 PM 9268859 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Simon, TW AF Volino, RJ Simon, TW TI Boundary layer transition under high free-stream turbulence and strong acceleration conditions .1. Mean flow results SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; PRESSURE-GRADIENT; FLUID-MECHANICS; CURVATURE AB Measurements from heated boundary layers along a concave-curved test wall subject to high (initially 8 percent) free-stream turbulence intensity and strong (K = (nu/U-infinity(2)) dU(infinity)/dx) as high as 9 x 10(-6)) acceleration are presented and discussed. Conditions for the experiments were chosen to roughly simulate those present on the downstream half of the pressure side of a gas turbine airfoil. Mean velocity and temperature profiles as well as skin friction and heat transfer coefficients are presented. The transition zone is of extended length in spite of the high free-stream turbulence level. Transitional values of skin friction coefficients and Stanton numbers drop below flat-plate, low-free-stream-turbulence, turbulent flow correlations, but remain well above laminar flow values. The mean velocity and temperature profiles exhibit clear changes in shape as the flow passes through transition. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed documentation of a high-free-stream-turbulence boundary layer flow in such a strong acceleration field. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MECH ENGN,HEAT TRANSFER LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1115/1.2824114 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA XV697 UT WOS:A1997XV69700004 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Simon, TW AF Volino, RJ Simon, TW TI Boundary layer transition under high free-stream turbulence and strong acceleration conditions .2. Turbulent transport results SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Measurements from heated boundary layers along a concave-curved test wail subject to high (initially 8 percent) free-stream turbulence intensity and strong (K = nu/U-infinity(2) dU(infinity)/dx, as high as 9 X 10(-6)) acceleration are presented and discussed Conditions for the experiments were chosen to simulate those present on the downstream half of the pressure side of a gas turbine airfoil. Turbulence statistics, including the turbulent shear stress, the turbulent heat flux, and the turbulent Prandtl number are presented. The transition zone is of extended length in spire of the high free-stream turbulence level. Turbulence quantities are strongly suppressed below values in unaccelerated turbulent boundary layers. Turbulent transport quantities rise with the intermittency, as the boundary layer proceeds through transition. Octant analysis shows a similar eddy structure in the present flow as was observed in transitional flows under low free-stream turbulence conditions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed documentation of a high free-stream-turbulence boundary layer flow in such a strong acceleration field. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MECH ENGN,HEAT TRANSFER LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1115/1.2824115 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA XV697 UT WOS:A1997XV69700005 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Simon, TW AF Volino, RJ Simon, TW TI Velocity and temperature profiles in turbulent boundary layer flows experiencing streamwise pressure gradients SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID NUMBER AB The standard turbulent law of the wall, devised for zero pressure gradient flows, has been previously, shown to be inadequate for accelerating and decelerating turbulent boundary layers. In this paper, formulations for mean velocity profiles from the literature are applied and formulations for the temperature profiles are developed using a mixing length model. These formulations capture the effects of pressure gradients by including the convective and pressure gradient terms in the momentum and energy equations. The profiles which include these terms deviate considerably from the standard law of the wall; the temperature profiles more so than the velocity profiles. The new profiles agree well with experimental data. By looking at the various terms separately, it is shown why the velocity law of the wall is more robust to streamwise pressure gradients than is the thermal law of the wall. The modification to the velocity profile is useful for evaluation of more accurate skin friction coefficients from experimental data by the near-wall fitting technique. The temperature profile modification improves the accuracy with which one may extract turbulent Prandtl numbers from near-wall mean temperature data when they cannot be determined directly. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MECH ENGN,HEAT TRANSFER LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1115/1.2824116 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA XV697 UT WOS:A1997XV69700006 ER PT J AU Williams, GM Tsai, TE Merzbacher, CI Friebele, EJ AF Williams, GM Tsai, TE Merzbacher, CI Friebele, EJ TI Photosensitivity of rare-earth-doped ZBLAN fluoride glasses SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerium; fiber Bragg gratings; fluoride glass; photosensitivity; rare-earth ID ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; ZRF4 BASED GLASSES; DEFECT CENTERS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; RADIATION; FIBERS; STATE AB We have performed experiments to elucidate the mechanism of photosensitivity in rare-earth-doped fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) glasses. Glasses doped with Ce, Tb, Tm, and Pr were studied. Permanent holographic gratings were written in bulk samples using 248 nm light, with the strongest gratings observed in Ce:ZBLAN. Ultraviolet (UV)-induced changes in both absorption and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were observed. In the Ce-doped glasses, the grating formation dynamics were recorded as a function of write beam intensity and Ce concentration. The results indicate that the mechanism of photosensitivity involves color center(s) creation through a stepwise two photon excitation of a Ce ion. The color center(s) can be subsequently bleached by one photon at 248 nn. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Williams, GM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1357 EP 1362 DI 10.1109/50.618341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA XR233 UT WOS:A1997XR23300011 ER PT J AU Askins, CG Putnam, MA AF Askins, CG Putnam, MA TI Photodarkening and photobleaching in fiber optic Bragg gratings SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fiber Bragg grating; optical fiber sensors; photobleaching; photodarkening; photosensitivity ID SIO2-GEO2 GLASSES; ABSORPTION-BANDS; PULSE; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; EXPOSURE; WRITTEN; ARRAYS AB A photobleaching effect is reported which reduces the broadband lasses induced by the single-pulse writing of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG's). A primary application of the optical FBG reflector is as arrays of wavelength-encoded sensing elements for detecting mechanical strain. Instrumentation is being developed to interrogate >100 point sensors along a single fiber,vith FBG's and detectors operating in the 790-820 nm band. In this paper, we describe broadband absorptions induced by writing single-pulse FBG's which would impose a 10 dB power penalty with as few as 40 serialized FBG's. We have reduced these photo-induced losses more than seven-fold (measured near 800 nm) using a photobleaching process which minimally affects the FBG's reflectivities. After treatment, optical losses are sufficiently low to allow the interrogation of hundreds of FBG's along a single fiber. Photodarkening and photobleaching are measured in gratings prepared by single laser pulses, and by multiple pulses with and without hydrogen loading. Parasitic loss following photobleaching is lower for single-pulse FBG's operated near 800 mm than for FBG's written with multiple pulses in hydrogen loaded fibers and operated near 1300 nm. RP Askins, CG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1363 EP 1370 DI 10.1109/50.618343 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA XR233 UT WOS:A1997XR23300012 ER PT J AU Kersey, AD Davis, MA Patrick, HJ LeBlanc, M Koo, KP Askins, CG Putnam, MA Friebele, EJ AF Kersey, AD Davis, MA Patrick, HJ LeBlanc, M Koo, KP Askins, CG Putnam, MA Friebele, EJ TI Fiber grating sensors SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER STRAIN-SENSOR; OPTICAL FIBERS; BRAGG GRATINGS; WAVELENGTH; SYSTEM; FILTER; ARRAYS; INTERROGATION; FABRICATION; TIME AB We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based grating sensors, fiber grating laser-based systems, and interferometric sensor systems based on grating reflectors. RP Kersey, AD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 93 TC 1968 Z9 2149 U1 35 U2 305 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1442 EP 1463 DI 10.1109/50.618377 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA XR233 UT WOS:A1997XR23300022 ER PT J AU Lo, YL Sirkis, JS Chang, CC AF Lo, YL Sirkis, JS Chang, CC TI Passive signal processing of in-line fiber etalon sensors for high strain-rate loading SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE optical fibers; strain; strain measurement; signal processing; signal processing transducers AB This paper describes the development of a passively demodulated optical fiber sensor system capable of accommodating the high strain-rate events commonly encountered in applications involving stress wave propagation. This sensor system, which is based on in-line fiber etalon (ILFE) sensors and path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI), was tested experimentally at low frequency and strain-rates (time derivative of strain) up to (similar to 10(7) mu epsilon/s). For the present system, this strain-rate corresponds to a sensor phase bandwidth of approximately 100 kHz. Characterization tests using sensor gauge lengths ranging from 260 to 350 mu m showed that the sensor system had a minimum detectable phase of similar to 2 microrad/root Hz rms at 2 kHz which corresponds to similar to 0.8 n epsilon/root Hz rms for 260 mu m-gauge length sensor. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, SMART MAT & STRUCT RES CTR, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. USN, RES LAB, DIV OPT SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV, DEPT MECH ENGN, TAINAN 70101, TAIWAN. RI Lo, YL/C-7869-2009 NR 20 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1578 EP 1586 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA XR233 UT WOS:A1997XR23300038 ER PT J AU Pickett, WE Singh, DJ AF Pickett, WE Singh, DJ TI Transport and fermiology of the ferromagnetic phase of La(2/3)A(1/3)MnO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Fermi surface; perovskite manganites; ferromagnetic phase; band structure; density of states ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LA1-XCAXMNO3 SYSTEM; LA1-XSRXMNO3; LA2-XMXCUO4; PEROVSKITE; TRANSITION; DENSITY; CHARGE; FILMS AB A virtual crystal treatment of the electronic structure of ferromagnetic La(2/3)A(1/3)MnO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) within the local density approximation is carried out to study the properties of this system in the low temperature or high field regime where it is ferromagnetic and highly conducting. Neglecting disorder effects, the alloy is nearly half-metallic, with two large majority spin Fermi surfaces (sphere and cube) and small minority Fermi surfaces with associated Fermi energy of 0.15 eV. Estimates of disorder lead to the conclusion that minority carriers will lie below the mobility edge, giving effectively half-metallic character to this material. Electronic anomalies and tendencies toward instabilities arising from nesting of the nearly perfect cube majority Fermi surface are presented and discussed. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 24 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 172 IS 3 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(97)00162-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YC964 UT WOS:A1997YC96400006 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR McClimans, TA King, S Grenness, O AF Johnson, DR McClimans, TA King, S Grenness, O TI Fresh water masses in the Kara Sea during summer SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Liege Colloguium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM SP Minist Educ & Res, Belgium, Natl Sci Bdn Belgium, Univ Liege, ICSU, Sci Comm Oceanog Res, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, European Union, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DE Kara Sea; water masses; currents; river plume; salinity; chlorophyll ID CURRENTS; OCEAN; FRONTS; STRESS AB The Kara Sea has one of the largest regions of fresh water influence (ROFI) in the world Previous dumping of containers of radioactive waste materials into this sea has recently been reported. In addition, the watershed that supplies the Kara Sea ROFI contains many impoundments of radioactive wastes. There are serious concerns that breaching of the containers or the impoundments may cause radioactive materials to enter the Kara Sea and, in time, the Arctic and the North Atlantic ocean. Results from measurements made in 1994 have shown that features, such as estuarine outflow fronts, eddies and ice melting, create highly heterogeneous conditions; consequently, temporally and spatially averaged representations of the data can be ambiguous. The 1994 results give a description that fits reasonably well with the historical data available to us, showing a general northern transport of water from the Ob and Yenisey estuaries. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SINTEF, INST CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN, TRONDHEIM, NORWAY. NORWEGIAN UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, N-7034 TRONDHEIM, NORWAY. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NORWEGIAN DEF RES ESTAB, HORTON, NORWAY. RP USN, RES LAB, STENNIS SPACE CTR, MS 39529 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(96)00093-0 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YB095 UT WOS:A1997YB09500010 ER PT J AU Weber, WJ Ewing, RC Angell, CA Arnold, GW Cormack, AN Delaye, JM Griscom, DL Hobbs, LW Navrotsky, A Price, DL Stoneham, AM Weinberg, WC AF Weber, WJ Ewing, RC Angell, CA Arnold, GW Cormack, AN Delaye, JM Griscom, DL Hobbs, LW Navrotsky, A Price, DL Stoneham, AM Weinberg, WC TI Radiation effects in glasses used for immobilization of high-level waste and plutonium disposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED DEFECTS; ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; TRAPPED-HOLE-CENTERS; NUCLEAR WASTE; FUSED-SILICA; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE; HIGH-PURITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VITREOUS SILICA; OXYGEN VACANCY AB This paper is a comprehensive review of the state-of-knowledge in the field of radiation effects in glasses that are to be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium disposition. The current status and issues in the area of radiation damage processes, defect generation, microstructure development, theoretical methods and experimental methods ase reviewed. Questions of fundamental and technological interest that offer opportunities for research are identified. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. CONSULTANTS INT, TIJERAS, NM 87059 USA. ALFRED UNIV, NEW YORK STATE COLL CERAM, ALFRED, NY 14802 USA. CTR ETUD SACLAY, DTA, SRMP, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. MIT, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON MAT INST, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, MS K2-44, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Price, David Long/A-8468-2013 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 230 TC 247 Z9 255 U1 14 U2 63 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1946 EP 1978 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0266 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XQ278 UT WOS:A1997XQ27800004 ER PT J AU Linskey, ME AF Linskey, ME TI Glial ontogeny and glial neoplasia: The search for closure SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE astrocyte; brain neoplasm; developmental biology; differentiation; glioma; oligodendrocyte; oncogenesis ID RAT OPTIC-NERVE; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; TYPE-2 ASTROCYTE DEVELOPMENT; CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; ION CHANNEL EXPRESSION; WHITE MATTER GLIA; VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY FACTOR; O-2AADULT PROGENITOR CELLS; STATIONARY CULTURE SYSTEM; BRAIN-TUMOR BIOPSIES AB The last ten years have seen rapid progress in both our understanding of the normal progression and control of gliogenesis and in the laboratory techniques necessary to sustain and study most glial cell types, including progenitor cells of both type-1 astrocyte (T1A) and oligodendrocyte - type-2 astrocyte (T2A) lineage. These studies have direct relevance for the lineage analysis of human gliomas, optimizing in vitro glioma models, and suggesting potentially fertile new grounds for glioma biology research. We do not yet known whether malignant transformation occurs only in mature glia that then 'de-differentiate' into cells with glial precursor phenotypes and behavior characteristics, whether neoplastic transformation occurs in O-2A progenitor cells, or whether both mechanisms may occur in different patients. However, preliminary results suggest that astrocytomas can arise from two different glial lineages, that oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligo-astrocytomas arise exclusively from the O-2A lineage, and that medulloblastomas may also have a connection with the O-2A lineage. An ontogeny-based glioma classification system may lead to better prognostic patient data and better predict patient response to treatment than currently available classification systems. Available data from the study of developmental glial biology raises serious doubts about the fidelity and relevance of in vitro glioma models that rely on culture media supplemented with animal serum and suggest that relying on chemically-defined media conditioned by astrocytes may be the better research strategy. Findings from the study of normal gliogenesis also suggest that growth factors are likely to act as much more than simple mitogens in glioma biology. Potentially fertile areas of research for glioma biology include studying the cooperative effect of multiple growth factors, potential growth factor effects as survival factors, inhibitors of differentiation, and differentiation inducers, and studying potential positive humoral feedback loops between glioma cells and normal glial cells, as well as normal non-glial cells, within and surrounding each glioma. RP Linskey, ME (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT NEUROSCI,DIV NEUROSURG,CODE 42 DGA,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 136 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-594X J9 J NEURO-ONCOL JI J. Neuro-Oncol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1023/A:1005751018617 PG 18 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XG924 UT WOS:A1997XG92400002 PM 9210049 ER PT J AU Deparis, O Griscom, DL Megret, P Decreton, M Blondel, M AF Deparis, O Griscom, DL Megret, P Decreton, M Blondel, M TI Influence of the cladding thickness on the evolution of the NBOHC band in optical fibers exposed to gamma radiations SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Franco-Italian Symposium on Structure and Defects in SiO(2), Fundamentals and Applications CY SEP 23-25, 1996 CL AGELONDE, FRANCE ID SILICA-CORE FIBERS; ABSORPTION; CENTERS AB The gamma radiation induced loss spectra are recorded from 400 nm to 700 nm in high OH undoped silica core multimode step-index fibers having thin or thick cladding and polyimide or acrylate coating. For both coating materials, the better radiation resistance of thin-cladding fibers is observed. This behavior was reported in the past but not explained. A physical explanation is proposed on the basis of the assumed existence of peroxy-linkage precursors of the non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHCS) and on the basis of a diffusion-limited radiation hardening due to radiolytic hydrogen released by the coating, Besides the radiation effects, an in-situ heating of the fibers performed after irradiation reveals a sensitivity of microbending losses to temperature. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CEN SCK,NUCL RES CTR,B-2400 MOL,BELGIUM. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Deparis, O (reprint author), FAC POLYTECH MONS,31 BLVD DOLEZ,B-7000 MONS,BELGIUM. RI shao, chongyun/M-6620-2013 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 216 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(97)00123-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XU618 UT WOS:A1997XU61800021 ER PT J AU Eglseder, WA Juliano, PJ Roure, R AF Eglseder, WA Juliano, PJ Roure, R TI Fractures of the fourth metacarpal SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE clinical results; fourth metacarpal fractures; shortening; cadaveric study; treatment ID PHALANGEAL; HAND AB Objectives: To determine (a) the degree of shortening associated with isolated fourth metacarpal fractures and the functional outcome after operative or nonoperative (protocol of casting and outrigger) treatment (clinical portion), and (b) the role of the deep metacarpal ligament in minimizing shortening after isolated fourth metacarpal osteotomies simulating clinical fracture (cadaveric portion). Study Design: This two-part study included a retrospective clinical portion and a cadaveric investigation. Methods: First, the records of twenty-four patients with isolated displaced oblique or spiral fourth metacarpal fractures without adjacent metacarpal fractures were retrospectively reviewed. The amounts of shortening after nonoperative (seventeen patients) and operative (seven patients) intervention were compared. Second, seven hands were studied to compare the length of intact fourth metacarpals to that after oblique osteotomies and after deep metacarpal ligament sectioning. The differences in shortening measurements were statistically analyzed using a paired t test. Results: There was no significant difference in mean initial shortening (+/-SD) between operative and nonoperative patients (2.65 +/- 1.85 mm vs. 4.19 +/- 1.83 mm, respectively; p < 0.09; overall average shortening, 3.1 mm) or functional outcome. The cadaveric study documented the important role of the deep metacarpal ligament in minimizing fourth metacarpal shortening. Fourth metacarpals osteotomized with an intact deep metatarsal ligament had significantly less mean shortening (+/-SD) than those with a sectioned deep metacarpal Ligament: 2.1 versus 5.8 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In the absence of unreducible rotational malalignment, fourth metacarpal fractures may be adequately treated nonoperatively with a protocol of casting and outrigger. C1 Univ Maryland, Med Syst, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Sect Orthopaed, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Hershey, PA USA. USN Hosp, Jacksonville, AL USA. RP Eglseder, WA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Med Syst, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Sect Orthopaed, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 441 EP 445 DI 10.1097/00005131-199708000-00014 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA YQ619 UT WOS:000071406000014 PM 9314153 ER PT J AU Viudez, A AF Viudez, A TI An explanation for the curvature of the Atlantic jet past the strait of Gibraltar SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ALBORAN SEA; CURRENTS; INFLOW AB A consistent explanation for the anticyclonic curvature of the Atlantic jet as it passes through the Strait of Gibraltar and flows into the Mediterranean Sea (eastern side of the strait) is provided. The anticyclonic curvature of the Atlantic jet, which is the key feature to understand the upper-layer circulation in the western Alboran Sea, is simply related to the positive net evaporation over the Mediterranean. The result of this positive net evaporation, that mainly occurs in areas of the Mediterranean far from the Strait of Gibraltar, is a net inflow transport through the strait. It is proposed that the positive net evaporation is able to produce such a net inflow in the strait because of an anomalous large-scale pressure gradient. This anomalous pressure gradient is found to be approximately collinear to the strait orientation. The time-averaged inflow of Atlantic water at the eastern side of the Strait of Gibraltar must therefore be supergeostrophic, and hence it must have anticyclonic curvature. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RI Viudez, Alvaro/A-8201-2008 OI Viudez, Alvaro/0000-0001-7862-9835 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1804 EP 1810 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1804:AEFTCO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA XT237 UT WOS:A1997XT23700019 ER PT J AU Looney, RE AF Looney, RE TI Excessive defense expenditures and economic stabilization: The case of Pakistan SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article ID CAUSALITY RP Looney, RE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,NATL SECUR AFFAIRS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 381 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0161-8938(96)00061-0 PG 26 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA XG508 UT WOS:A1997XG50800003 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Lee, JH Liu, CT AF Kwon, YW Lee, JH Liu, CT TI Modeling and simulation of crack initiation and growth in particulate composites SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS COMPOSITES; DAMAGE; BEHAVIOR; MODULI AB A micro/macromechanical approach was used to model and simulate crack initiation and crack propagation in particulate composite structures. The approach used both the micromechanical and macromechanical analyses in tandem. The micromechanical analysis was based on a simplified micromechanical model and damage mechanics at the micro-level, and the macromechanical analysis utilized the finite element method. In using these methods, crack initiation and growth in a general shape of composite structure were investigated with an efficient computational effort. It was assumed that a crack initiates and/or propagates when localized damage is saturated As a result, the crack length was assumed to be the size of the saturated damage zone. Matrix crack initiation and propagation at circular notch tips were simulated using this approach. Modeling and simulation were also conducted for cases of nonuniform particle distribution in particulate composite structures. Predicted results showed a good agreement with the experimental data. C1 PHILLIPS LAB,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT MECH ENGN,700 DRYER RD,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1115/1.2842311 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA XT813 UT WOS:A1997XT81300011 ER PT J AU Brenyo, MR Toth, RW AF Brenyo, MR Toth, RW TI Acrylic resin pivot ball for the survey of mounted casts SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article RP Brenyo, MR (reprint author), USN,SCH DENT,NATL NAVAL DENT CTR,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 78 IS 2 BP 228 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70133-1 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XQ489 UT WOS:A1997XQ48900022 PM 9260146 ER PT J AU Kresin, VZ Bill, A Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN AF Kresin, VZ Bill, A Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN TI Magnetic scattering in the cuprates: Upper limit of T-c, novel isotope effects SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Stripes, Lattice Stabilities, and High-Temperature Superconductivity CY DEC 08-12, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY DE magnetic scattering; upper limit of T-c; isotope effect ID NORMAL-STATE; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; PAIR BREAKING; FIELD; TL2BA2CUO6+DELTA; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; YBA2CU3O7; OXIDES AB The pair-breaking effect caused by magnetic scattering makes a strong impact on the properties of cuprates. The study of magnetic properties allows one to introduce a new parameter, the intrinsic T-c, which is the upper limit of T-c in these materials: T-c,T-upp = 160-170 K. In addition, the presence of magnetic impurities leads to the unconventional isotope effect observed experimentally. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. LD LANDAU THEORET PHYS INST, MOSCOW 11733V, RUSSIA. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1007/BF02765701 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD618 UT WOS:A1997YD61800001 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS AF Johnstone, PAS TI Brachytherapy to primary tumor bed - Commentary SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MASTECTOMY C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DIV RADIAT ONCOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. USN,MED CTR,BREAST HLTH CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 BP 267 EP 268 PG 2 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA XT054 UT WOS:A1997XT05400009 ER PT J AU Ye, Z Feuillade, C AF Ye, Z Feuillade, C TI Sound scattering by an air bubble near a plane sea surface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a study of low-frequency sound scattering by an air bubble near a Aat pressure-release surface. Using a self-consistent approach to describe multiple-scattering interactions, and a monopole approximation for the individual scatterer, the complete scattering amplitude for a bubble near a surface is derived. Radiation, thermal, and viscous damping effects are incorporated. The method leads to simple theoretical expressions which show that the presence of the surface modifies the resonance frequency and damping of the bubble, and modulates the scattering amplitude. The analytic formula for the modified resonance frequency compares favorably with earlier theoretical results, and with experimental data reported by M. Strasberg [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 25, 536-537 (1953)]. At off-resonance frequencies, when the bubble is close to the surface and thermal and viscous dampings are not included, the results obtained agree with those of the modal series solution presented by Gaunaurd and Huang [IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 20, 285-295 (1995)]. The two methods disagree at resonance frequencies, however, since the present approach predicts that the value of the scattering amplitude should decrease as the bubble is moved closer to the surface. This feature remains even when thermal and Viscous dampings are not included. When the bubble is moved further away from the surface, oscillations appear in the scattering amplitude, in full accordance with the Lloyd's mirror effect. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America C1 USN, RES LAB, STENNIS SPACE CTR, MS 39529 USA. RP FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA INST OCEAN SCI, SIDNEY, BC V8L 4B2, CANADA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 798 EP 805 DI 10.1121/1.419952 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XQ763 UT WOS:A1997XQ76300014 ER PT J AU Sarkissian, A AF Sarkissian, A TI Extraction of a target scattering response from measurements made over long ranges in shallow water SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; STRATIFIED MEDIUM; OBJECT AB The scattering response of a structure may be extracted from acoustic measurements made in shallow water at relatively long ranges from the target. The procedure described uses an array of sources to approximately generate a low-order mode and an array of receivers to isolate from the received echo a low-order mode. Since low-order modes behave as plane waves in the vicinity of the target, the free-field target response may be extracted from such measurements. In general, such a procedure for the generation of a low-order mode requires a large number of sources. The number is of the order of the number of propagating, nonevanescent modes present in the shallow water environment at the frequencies used. If this number is prohibitively large, temporal discrimination may be used in addition to beamforming to reduce the number of sources necessary for the isolation of the free-field target response. Similarly, the number of receivers required for the isolation of a mode from the received signal may be reduced by the use of temporal discrimination in addition to beamforming techniques. This article presents the detailed procedure used as well as numerical simulations to demonstrate the feasibility of such a process. RP Sarkissian, A (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 825 EP 832 DI 10.1121/1.419953 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XQ763 UT WOS:A1997XQ76300017 ER PT J AU Turgut, A AF Turgut, A TI Inversion of bottom/subbottom statistical parameters from acoustic backscatter data SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY BOTTOM BACKSCATTERING; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; MODEL; SEISMOGRAMS AB Inversion of statistical parameters of a bottom/subbottom scattering model is investigated by using genetic algorithms for both synthetic and real da;a. The bottom/subbottom scattering model used in the calculations is a modified version of Lyons, Anderson, and Dwan [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 79, 1410-1422 (1986)] in which correlation between subbottom density, compressibility, and sound-speed fluctuations is established through Wood's equation [A Textbook of Sound (Macmillan, New York, 1941)], and volume inhomogeneities are described by von Karman type autocorrelation functions [T. von Karman, J. Mar. Res. 7, 252-264 (1948)]. The inversion is posed as an optimization problem which is solved (by a controlled Monte Carlo search using genetic algorithms) to find the optimum set of statistical parameters that minimizes the quadratic deviation between measured and calculated backscatter data. A posteriori probabilities calculated at the end of the search are used for error estimation and indication of relative importance of model parameters. This information helps to further assess the relative importance of two major scattering mechanisms due to bottom roughness and subbottom inhomogeneities. Such assessment is successfully demonstrated by using synthetic and real backscatter data for sandy, silty, and muddy sediments. Finally, inverted statistical parameters for a sandy site at Biscayne Bay, Florida confirm the results of simultaneous tomographic measurements indicating that scattering by subbottom inhomogeneities plays a minor role for this particular site. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,ACOUST DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 833 EP 852 DI 10.1121/1.419954 PN 1 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XQ763 UT WOS:A1997XQ76300018 ER PT J AU Bao, XL Uberall, H Niemiec, J AF Bao, XL Uberall, H Niemiec, J TI Experimental study of sound scattering by elastic spheroids SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; RESONANCE; OBJECTS AB Experimental results are presented for sound scattering from elastic prolate and oblate spheroidal scattering objects. The backscattered waveform, the target strength versus incident angle, and the frequency response of the echoes are obtained directly from experimental data or via numerical processing of these data. Analytical models and computer codes are developed for estimating the arrival times of the elastic echoes and the resonance modes. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,BETHESDA,MD 20817. RP Bao, XL (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20064, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 933 EP 942 DI 10.1121/1.419940 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XQ763 UT WOS:A1997XQ76300027 ER PT J AU Wagstaff, RA Newcomb, J AF Wagstaff, RA Newcomb, J TI Three-dimensional noise field directionality estimation from single-line towed array data SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB For many reasons, the three-dimensional (3-D) arrival structure of the undersea ambient noise field is of interest to the research and development community. One reason is that the arrival structure can be used to estimate the beam noise of an array, which may be required to estimate the performance of the array as an operational Navy asset or a scientific measurement tool. Another reason is that there are clues inherent in the vertical arrival structure that relate to the nature of the acoustic propagation along the azimuths of the noise sources. Similarly, there are also clues in the horizontal arrival structure of the undersea ambient noise field that relate to the azimuthal distribution of the noise sources. Both of these classes of clues are important in the verification and validation of undersea ambient noise models. The ideal measurement tool to measure the 3-D arrival structure of the noise field is a high-resolution volumetric array sonar system. Unfortunately, such a system is not generally available. However, towed horizontal line arrays are available and can be used, even though they are far from ideal. The beam patterns of a line array are conically symmetric about the axis of the array. When the axis of a horizontal line array is tilted slightly from an elevation angle of 0 degrees, the vertical character of the beam cones can be used to discriminate between various vertical arrival angles. Combined with measurements made on several different towed array headings, an estimate of the 3-D directionality of the noise field can be obtained. An algorithm that uses such a technique on single-line towed array data to generate an estimate of the 3-D directionality of the noise field is described herein. Some results using measured data from a recent noise measurement exercise are presented and discussed. RP Wagstaff, RA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7176,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1121/1.419855 PN 1 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XQ763 UT WOS:A1997XQ76300036 ER PT J AU Feuillade, C AF Feuillade, C TI The attenuation and dispersion of sound in water containing multiply interacting air bubbles - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter AB A response to the comments made by Zhen Ye in a Letter to the Editor about the paper ''The attenuation and dispersion of sound in water containing multiply interacting air bubbles [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 99, 3412-3430 (1996)]'' is presented. It shows that, while Ye has made some useful observations, his comments fail to bring the theoretical assumptions of the original paper into question. RP Feuillade, C (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 1242 EP 1245 DI 10.1121/1.421014 PN 1 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA XQ763 UT WOS:A1997XQ76300061 ER PT J AU Choi, EH Ko, JJ Choi, MC Seo, Y Cho, GS Kang, SO Shin, HM Park, IH Pak, HK Uhm, HS AF Choi, EH Ko, JJ Choi, MC Seo, Y Cho, GS Kang, SO Shin, HM Park, IH Pak, HK Uhm, HS TI Propagation and beam-induced plasma channel characteristics of mildly relativistic electron beam in sub-Torr air pressure SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Asia-Pacific Plasma Theory Conference (APPTC 96) CY AUG 21-23, 1996 CL TAEDOK SCI & CULTURE CTR, TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Asia Pacific Ctr Theoret Phys, Korea Bas Sci Inst HO TAEDOK SCI & CULTURE CTR AB Propagation and beam-induced plasma channel characteristics of mildly relativistic electron beam (300 kV, similar to 2 kA, 10 similar to 50 ns) have been experimentally investigated. Pressures of filling gas (air) in this expreiment are ranged from 2 mTorr to 200 mTorr. The net current and beam current were measured by Rogowski coil and Faraday cup, respectively. The inductive plasma current observed at the above pressure regimes has been characterized by magnetic diffusion time and beam-induced plasma density. The net current oscillations observed at the pressure regime of around or greater than 100 mTorr are attributed to two stream interations between the beam-induced plasma electrons and the beam electrons. Beam-induced plasma channel conductivity and plasma density are measured along the propagating region under various gas pressures. C1 KWANGWOON UNIV,RES INST BASIC SCI,SEOUL 139701,SOUTH KOREA. INCHEON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,INCHON 402749,SOUTH KOREA. WOOSEOK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHEJU 565701,SOUTH KOREA. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,SILVER SPRING,MD 20903. RP Choi, EH (reprint author), KWANGWOON UNIV,DEPT ELECTROPHYS,CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM & PLASMA LAB,SEOUL 139701,SOUTH KOREA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 31 SU S BP S233 EP S236 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XU198 UT WOS:A1997XU19800026 ER PT J AU Ko, JJ Choi, EH Choi, MC Seo, Y Cho, GS Kang, SO Shin, HM Park, IH Pak, HK Uhm, HS AF Ko, JJ Choi, EH Choi, MC Seo, Y Cho, GS Kang, SO Shin, HM Park, IH Pak, HK Uhm, HS TI Pulse width and rising time of relativistic electron beam in gas-filled diode SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Asia-Pacific Plasma Theory Conference (APPTC 96) CY AUG 21-23, 1996 CL TAEDOK SCI & CULTURE CTR, TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Asia Pacific Ctr Theoret Phys, Korea Bas Sci Inst HO TAEDOK SCI & CULTURE CTR AB Pulse width and rising time of mildly relativistic electron beam (300 kV, 1 similar to 3 kA) passing through gas-filled diode region is experimentally investigated under various gas pressures P. The rising time and pulse width of relativistic electron beam (REB) were controlled by adjusting the gas pressures P of diode region. The pulse width and rising time of relativistic electron beam are experimentally found to be scaled as p(-0.807 +/- 0.054) and P-0.770 +/- 0.056, respectively. The REB pulse width and rising time are shown to have same scaling law within the experimental error range as a function of pressure. Especially, the empirical scaling law of REB pulse width is remarkably in good agreement with numerical scaling law p(-0.809 +/- 0.069) of diode short time t(s), at which the ion density n(i) is just equal to the electron beam density n(b) at diode region under given gas pressure P. It is also found that ion density n(i)(s) at the diode short time t(s) has quite similar profile versus pressures P to that of REB peak current detected by Faraday cup. C1 KWANGWOON UNIV,RES INST BASIC SCI,SEOUL 139701,SOUTH KOREA. INCHEON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,INCHON 402749,SOUTH KOREA. WOOSEOK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHEJU 565701,SOUTH KOREA. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,SILVER SPRING,MD 20903. RP Ko, JJ (reprint author), KWANGWOON UNIV,DEPT ELECTROPHYS,CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM & PLASMA LAB,SEOUL 139701,SOUTH KOREA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 31 SU S BP S201 EP S205 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XU198 UT WOS:A1997XU19800019 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Ronen, D AF Brown, GG Ronen, D TI Consolidation of customer orders into truckloads at a large manufacturer SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE logistics; practice of OR; optimisation AB We describe the development and operation of an interactive system based on a mathematical optimisation model which is used by a major US manufacturer to consolidate customer orders into truckloads. Dozens of users employ the system daily for planning delivery of orders from manufacturing plants to customers by truckload carriers, saving numerous hours of the users' time and reducing transportation costs. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH BUSINESS ADM,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93940. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 48 IS 8 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600430 PG 7 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA XN541 UT WOS:A1997XN54100002 ER PT J AU Crane, K Johnson, L Appelgate, B Nishimura, C Buck, R Jones, C Vogt, P Kos'yan, R AF Crane, K Johnson, L Appelgate, B Nishimura, C Buck, R Jones, C Vogt, P Kos'yan, R TI Volcanic and seismic swarm events on the Reykjanes Ridge and their similarities to events on Iceland: Results of a rapid response mission SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE Mid-Ocean Ridge; seismicity; lava flow; tectonics; North Atlantic ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; NORTH ICELAND; EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; SPREADING CENTER; PLATE BOUNDARY; DEFORMATION; KRAFLA; FLOOR AB On 21 May 1989, a major earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes Ridge at 59 degrees 43' N, 29 degrees 32' W at a water depth of about 1000 m and about 500 km southwest of Iceland was detected on both the Worldwide Standard Seismic Network (WWSSN) and Icelandic seismic networks. As part of a multi-institutional response to this swarm, the Naval Research Laboratory arranged for a P3 Orion Aircraft to deploy sonobuoys and AXBTs in the immediate vicinity of the swarm activity. The detection of the swarm motivated a survey of the region in 1990, using the towed SeaMARC II side-looking sonar system. In 1990-1991 the Russian Shirshov Institute of Oceanology offered the use of its MIR deep-diving submersibles to investigate the rise axis for recent volcanism. During 1992, a scientific team comprised of five US and ten Russian scientists mobilized the twin, deep diving Russian submersibles to study the spreading axis of the Reykjanes Ridge. The resulting data analyses allows us to conclude that the 1989 seismic swarm event occurred adjacent to and east of the large axial high in the center of our survey area. The length, width and depth range of the earthquakes were very similar to major seismic swarm events confined to fissure systems in the Krafla region of Iceland. It is likely that the earthquake swarm was located on a fresh, well-defined system of fissures and faults extending south of the northernmost axial high studied. The earthquake swarm was probably associated with an emanation of lava creating a region of high backscatter, located just to the east of the central axial high. In addition, the region of high-backscatter remains unsampled because it lay underneath the nadir of the processed SeaMARC tracks used to plan the submersible survey. However many samples were taken and structural studies of the evolving Reykjanes Ridge were carried out. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 93950 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Gelendzhik, Russia. RP Crane, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7420, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 319 EP 338 DI 10.1023/A:1004298425881 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA ZC642 UT WOS:000072602000003 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Duffy, LB Paver, RJ Putnam, SD Reynolds, RJ Cassell, GH AF Gray, GC Duffy, LB Paver, RJ Putnam, SD Reynolds, RJ Cassell, GH TI Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A frequent cause of pneumonia among US marines in Southern California SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 03-07, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES INFECTION; PROPHYLAXIS; DIAGNOSIS; CORPS; RECRUITS; ANTIGEN; NAVY AB From August 1993 through April 1994, U.S. Marines (98% male, median age 20 years) who were hospitalized with radiographically confirmed pneumonia were prospectively studied for evidence of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Overall, 32 (36.4%) of the 88 patients with paired sera had evidence of acute infection by an elevated immunoglobulin M titer (22.7%), a 4-fold rise in immunoglobulin G titer (9.1%), a positive polymerase chain reaction result (11.1%), and/or a positive culture (5.8%). No specific symptoms or clinical findings were strong predictors of M. pneumoniae infection. Among patients with evidence of acute M. pneumoniae infection, admitting clinicians chose other pathogens as more likely etiologic agents 46.4% of the time, and over the course of the hospitalization, 10% of patients failed to receive appropriate antibiotics. These data indicate that M. pneumoniae may cause a high proportion of pneumonias among military personnel and should be considered in empiric treatment and prophylaxis. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 162 IS 8 BP 524 EP 526 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR495 UT WOS:A1997XR49500008 PM 9271902 ER PT J AU Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA AF Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA TI Attrition modeling in the presence of decoys: An operations-other-than-war motivation SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article AB Under various operational conditions, in particular in operations other than war (OOTW) or peacekeeping, an intervening force, here Blue, must occasionally engage in attrition warfare with an opposing force, here Red, that is intermingled with noncombatants. Desirably, Red armed actives are targeted, and not the unarmed noncombatants. This article describes some simple Lanchesterian attrition models that reflect a certain capacity of Blue to discriminate noncombatants from armed and active Red opponents. An explicit extension of the Lanchester square law results: Blue's abstinence concerning the indiscriminate shooting of civilians mixed with Red's is essentially reflected in a lower Blue rate of fire and less advantageous exchange rate. The model applies to other situations involving decoys, and reflects the value of a discrimination capability. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Gaver, DP (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OPERAT RES,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 44 IS 5 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199708)44:5<507::AID-NAV7>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA XL534 UT WOS:A1997XL53400007 ER PT J AU Paek, EG Choe, JY Oh, TK Hong, JH Chang, TY AF Paek, EG Choe, JY Oh, TK Hong, JH Chang, TY TI Nonmechanical image rotation with an acousto-optic dove prism SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report what we believe to be the first method for nonmechanical and programmable image rotation. The method uses a pair of crossed acousto-optic beam deflectors and a polygon mirror to emulate the mechanical dove prism. It is capable of fast (of the order of microseconds) image rotation to an arbitrary angle in a programmable manner. An experimental result that proves the concept is provided. C1 USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN,VA 22448. ROCKWELL INT SCI CTR,THOUSAND OAKS,CA 91360. RP Paek, EG (reprint author), NIST,INFORMAT TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 15 BP 1195 EP 1197 DI 10.1364/OL.22.001195 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA XM918 UT WOS:A1997XM91800023 PM 18185793 ER PT J AU Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA AF Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA TI Jahn-Teller dynamics and properties of the manganites SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVITY AB The ferromagnetic transition temperature and the oxygen isotope effect in the doped manganites are evaluated using a model based on the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect on the bridging oxygen ion (the ion between Mn3+ and Mn4+). The diabatic representation is used to estimate the hopping time of the extra electron in the double exchange model. The transition temperature depends strongly on the Franck-Condon factor and, therefore, on the oxygen mass. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 76 IS 2 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1080/01418639708241088 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA XP231 UT WOS:A1997XP23100007 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Osofsky, MS Browning, VM Hu, JZ Broussard, PR Reeves, ME Prusseit, W AF Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Osofsky, MS Browning, VM Hu, JZ Broussard, PR Reeves, ME Prusseit, W TI Microscopic x-ray characterization of inhomogeneities in YBCO crystals with sharp superconducting transitions SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity - High Temperature Superconductors V CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IChemE ID DIFFRACTION AB High resolution x-ray diffraction measurements of YBCO single crystals with optimal transport properties reveal gross structural inhomogeneities, such as domains of different oxygen content and high dislocation densities. Thin epitaxial YBCO films show similar structural inhomogeneities. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,CTR HIGH PRESSURE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. TECH UNIV MUNICH,PHYS DEPT E10,D-85747 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV CONDENSED MATTER & RADIAT SCI,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG PY 1997 VL 282 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(97)00223-2 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XZ904 UT WOS:A1997XZ90400027 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Electronic structure and magnetism in Ru-based perovskites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; HALL-COEFFICIENT; METALLIC OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; SRRUO3; SR2RUO4; BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENCE AB The magnetic properties of ruthenates with perovskite-derived structures, particularly (Ca,Sr)RuO3 and Sr2YRuO6, are studied within the contest of band-structure-based Stoner theory. First principles calculations are used to demonstrate that in all cases the correct magnetic behavior and order can be obtained without recourse to strong correlation effects and that the insulating character of Sr2YRuO6 is reproduced. The different magnetic states of SrRuO3 and CaRuO3 are shown to be due to the different structural distortions in these materials, most significantly the larger rotation of the octahedra in the Ca compound. CaRuO3 is found to be on the Verge of a ferromagnetic instability. leading to the expectation of giant local moments around magnetic impurities and other anomalous effects in analogy with fcc Pd metal. Oxygen 2p-derived states hybridize strongly with Ru d states in all three compounds, and O, through this hybridization. plays an unusually large role in the magnetic properties. This involvement of O is responsible for the strong magnetostructural coupling that is found in the calculations. Transport properties of CaRuO3 and SrRuO3 are analyzed using the calculated Fermiology. Unusually large magnon and paramagnon couplings are found, which are consistent with reported measurements of the low-temperature specific heat and the resistivity coefficient. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,CSI,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 59 TC 299 Z9 301 U1 12 U2 111 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2556 EP 2571 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2556 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XQ619 UT WOS:A1997XQ61900049 ER PT J AU Browning, VM Skelton, EF Osofsky, MS Qadri, SB Hu, JZ Finger, LW Caubet, P AF Browning, VM Skelton, EF Osofsky, MS Qadri, SB Hu, JZ Finger, LW Caubet, P TI Structural inhomogeneities observed in YBa2Cu3O7-delta crystals with optimal transport properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-DEFICIENT YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE; A-B PLANE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SIGN REVERSAL; THIN-FILMS; MELTING TRANSITION; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTICES PARALLEL AB The high-T-c cuprates have exhibited a variety of unusual features in both their normal-state and superconducting properties. One of the challenges that has faced experimentalists in the field has been to determine whether the observed properties can be attributed to intrinsic behavior or whether they are a result of extrinsic factors such as sample inhomogeneity. In this paper. we present transport measurements on two YBa2Cu3O7-delta crystals which exhibit many of the features generally attributed to Fully oxygenated, homogeneous samples. Nevertheless, x-ray-diffraction studies also presented in this paper reveal surface and bulk structural inhomogeneities in both crystals. Results of these studies show variations in the c-axis lattice parameters on the surface and throughout the interiors of both crystals. These are interpreted as variations in the oxygen content. The transport studies together with the structural measurements represent a more thorough and complete characterization of sample quality than is generally reported. Our results lead one to question the validity of using transport measurements alone to determine sample quality and whether any of the properties measured in crystals can be attributed to ''optimally doped'' or ''fully oxygenated'' samples. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,CTR HIGH PRESSURE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. INST NATL SCI APPL,F-31077 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RP Browning, VM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 75 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2860 EP 2870 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2860 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XQ619 UT WOS:A1997XQ61900086 ER PT J AU McKeown, DA Bell, MI AF McKeown, DA Bell, MI TI Four-membered silicate rings: Vibrational analysis of BaCuSi2O6 and implications for glass structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BENITOITE AB Lattice dynamics calculations are presented for the synthetic cyclosilicate BaCuSi2O6, which contains isolated four-membered silicate rings. The results are analyzed in relation to published claims that vibrational modes of similar rings are responsible for the sharp D-1 ''defect line'' observed in the Raman spectra of SiO2 glass. The calculation is adjusted to agree with the frequencies observed in Raman spectra reported in an earlier study. The crystal structure of BaCuSi2O6 (space group I (4) over bar m2 or D-2d(9)) consists of puckered Si4O12 rings linked by Ba2+ and Cu2+ in a body-centered arrangement. A hypothetical higher symmetry structure (space group I4/mmm) containing planar four-membered rings, considered in the earlier work, is also examined. Calculations are performed on the Bravais cells of both structures, The results indicate that the presence or absence of a bridging oxygen breathing mode in the four-membered ring is controlled by the strength of bonds surrounding the ring, a situation similar to that found previously for vibrational modes of isolated three-membered rings. The calculated frequency of the bridging oxygen breathing mode is close enough to that of the D-1 line to support the concept that the two are related. C1 USN,RES LAB,DYBNAM SOLIDS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP McKeown, DA (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,525 COLL ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 3114 EP 3121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.3114 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XR290 UT WOS:A1997XR29000036 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Antiochos, SK Norton, D AF Dahlburg, RB Antiochos, SK Norton, D TI Magnetic flux tube tunneling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RECONNECTION; FIELDS; CORONA AB We present numerical simulations of the collision and subsequent interaction of orthogonal magnetic flux tubes. The simulations were carried out using a parallelized spectral algorithm for compressible magnetohydrodynamics. It is found that. under a wide range of conditions. the Bur tubes can ''tunnel'' through each other, a behavior not previously seen in studies of either vortex tube or magnetic Bur tube interactions, Two conditions must be satisfied for tunneling to occur: the magnetic Field must be highly twisted with a held line pitch much greater than 1, and the Lundquist number must be somewhat large. greater than or equal to 2880. An examination of magnetic field lines suggests that tunneling is due to a double-reconnection mechanism. Initially orthogonal field lines reconnect at two specific locations, exchange interacting sections, and ''pass'' through each other, The implications of these results for solar and space plasmas are discussed. C1 SAIC,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6440,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 2094 EP 2103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.2094 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XR160 UT WOS:A1997XR16000102 ER PT J AU Rossi, LF Lingevitch, JF Bernoff, AJ AF Rossi, LF Lingevitch, JF Bernoff, AJ TI Quasi-steady monopole and tripole attractors for relaxing vortices SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; VORTEX; INSTABILITY; MODEL AB Using fully nonlinear simulations of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations at large Reynolds number (Re), we bracket a threshold amplitude above which a perturbed Gaussian monopole will relax to a quasi-steady, rotating tripole, and below which will relax to an axisymmetric monopole. The resulting quasi-steady structures are robust to small perturbations. We propose a means of measuring the decay rate of disturbances to asymptotic Vortical structures wherein streamlines and lines of constant vorticity correspond in some rotating or translating frame. These experiments support the hypothesis that small or moderate deviations from asymptotic structures decay through inviscid and viscous mixing. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT ENGN SCI & APPL MATH,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP Rossi, LF (reprint author), UNIV LOWELL,DEPT MATH SCI,LOWELL,MA 01854, USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 1997 VL 9 IS 8 BP 2329 EP 2338 DI 10.1063/1.869353 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA XM748 UT WOS:A1997XM74800015 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Fogle, WE AF Soulen, RJ Fogle, WE TI Temperature scales below 1 Kelvin SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID HE-3; THERMOMETRY; HEAT; MK C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,SUPERCONDUCTING MAT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1997 VL 50 IS 8 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1063/1.881886 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XP137 UT WOS:A1997XP13700007 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ AF Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ TI Luminescence from porous silicon: Mechanism debated SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1997 VL 50 IS 8 BP 83 EP 83 DI 10.1063/1.881872 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XP137 UT WOS:A1997XP13700030 ER PT J AU Murray, JN AF Murray, JN TI Electrochemical test methods for evaluating organic coatings on metals: an update. Part III: Multiple test parameter measurements SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE electrochemical test methods; organic coatings on metals; multiple test parameter measurements ID ZINC-RICH PAINTS; AC-IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS; CORROSION PROTECTION PROPERTIES; PIGMENT VOLUME CONCENTRATION; VAPOR-DEPOSITED ALUMINUM; IN-SITU DETERMINATION; POLYMER-COATED STEEL; STONE IMPACT DAMAGE; FLUOROPOLYMER COATINGS; EPOXY COATINGS AB The status of evaluating organic coated metals utilizing electrochemical means was reviewed for the period of 1988-1994. The general improvements in the overall technology are presented in three parts, each as a separate publication. Part I covers the test cell configurations, changes in testing approaches and a brief survey of measurement equipment. Part II presents the test methods involving a single test parameter such as the panel potential relative to a reference electrode, electrochemical voltage and/or current noise, as well as the dc resistance of the coating on the metal substrate. Multiple test parameter measurements such as potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are covered in Part III. Although the majority of data were taken from the literature, some supplementary data are included from NSWCCD studies. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Corros Branch, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Murray, JN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Corros Branch, Code 613, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 254 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 375 EP 391 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(97)00099-4 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YP919 UT WOS:000071329200012 ER PT J AU Kaplan, RM Patterson, TL Kerner, DN Atkinson, JH Heaton, RK Grant, I AF Kaplan, RM Patterson, TL Kerner, DN Atkinson, JH Heaton, RK Grant, I TI The Quality of Well-Being scale in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International State-of-the-Art Meeting on HIV CY OCT 01-02, 1996 CL PARIS, FRANCE DE Quality of Well-Being scale; HIV infection; validity; neuropsychological impairment ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; OF-LIFE; HEALTH-STATUS; MEDICAL OUTCOMES; CLINICAL-TRIAL; VALIDITY; UTILITY; RELIABILITY; INSTRUMENT; INDEX AB We review applications of the Quality of Well-Being (QWB) scale for use in studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The QWB scale is a preference-weighted decision theory-based measure that summarizes outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). In order to validate the QWB scale for HIV-infected patients, the measure was administered in the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) HIV Neural Behavioral Research Center (HNRC). Data are presented for a cohort of 400 HIV-positive-infected men and 114 HIV-uninfected male controls. The evidence suggests that the QWB scale is a significant prospective predictor of mortality. The QWB scale was concurrently associated with the number of CD4+ lymphocytes and ratings of neurological impairment based upon clinical evaluations. Further, the QWB scale was related to neuropsychological assessments derived from formal tests of cognitive functioning. Neuropsychological impairments may be associated with income loss for affected patients. The QWB scale scores were lower among patients with clinical depression. We conclude that the QWB scale is an appropriate general health outcome measure for use in observational studies and clinical trials for patients with HIV disease. C1 USN HOSP,STAT UNIT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. RP Kaplan, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,DIV HLTH CARE SCI 0626,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [1 R01 MH46255, 5 R01 MH43298, P50 MH45294] NR 42 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 5 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0962-9343 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 6 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1023/A:1018456031659 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XX980 UT WOS:A1997XX98000006 PM 9330551 ER PT J AU Gould, RW Arnone, RA AF Gould, RW Arnone, RA TI Remote sensing estimates of inherent optical properties in a coastal environment SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID OCEAN COLOR; AVIRIS; REFLECTANCE; WATERS; MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; DEPTH; BAY; SEA AB High resolution aircraft remote sensing imagery and in situ optical data were coupled to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of the inherent optical properties in the near-surf zone off Fort Walton Beach, Florida in August 1994. Upwelling radiance measurements at SeaWiFS wavelengths were collected over a uniform, highly reflective white sand bottom at a ground resolution of 2.5 m using the CASI sensor (Compact Airborne Spectral Imager). Following atmospheric correction, the total remote sensing reflectance signal was partitioned into bottom and water volume reflectance components, using measurements of bottom albedo, water depth, and the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the time of the over-flight. The water components were entered in the Sea-WiFS biooptical model to derive spectral absorption and scattering coefficients. After applying minor algorithm and coefficient adjustments, model results compared favorably with in situ measurements. The biooptical model was subsequently applied to the aircraft imagery to describe the spatial distribution of absorption and scattering. Elevated absorption and particle scattering were observed over the sand bar and shoreward (alpha 555=0.19 m(-1), b555=0.7 m(-1)). The temporal variability of the inherent optical properties over a 1-week period was similar to the spatial variability along a 500-m offshore transect. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. RP Gould, RW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 7243,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39529, USA. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 290 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(97)89496-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XG793 UT WOS:A1997XG79300010 ER PT J AU Harris, VG Koon, NC AF Harris, VG Koon, NC TI A miniature single element effusion cell for the vacuum deposition of transition-metal and rare-earth elements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A miniature single element effusion cell has been fabricated and tested that allows for the high-vacuum deposition of a variety of transition-metal and rare-earth elements. The cell is designed to operate under high-vacuum conditions, approximate to 10(-9) Torr, with low power demands, < 200 W. The virtues of this evaporator an the simplicity of design and ease of fabrication, assembly, maintenance, and operation. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MAT PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 68 IS 8 BP 3168 EP 3171 DI 10.1063/1.1148262 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA XR753 UT WOS:A1997XR75300041 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Peer review: The appropriate GPRA metric for research SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), OFF NAVAL RES,800 N QUINCY ST,ARLINGTON,VA 22217, USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5326 BP 651 EP 652 DI 10.1126/science.277.5326.651 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XN907 UT WOS:A1997XN90700031 ER PT J AU Johnson, BE Cortazar, P Chute, JP AF Johnson, BE Cortazar, P Chute, JP TI Second lung cancers in patients successfully treated for lung cancer SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SMALL-CELL-CARCINOMA; LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; 2ND PRIMARY CANCERS; HODGKINS-DISEASE; PRIMARY TUMORS; RISK; CHEMOTHERAPY; RECURRENCE; RESECTION; FOLLOW C1 USN,MED RES INST,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,BETHESDA,MD 20889. RP Johnson, BE (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,NCI,LUNG CANC BIOL SECT,MED BRANCH,BLDG 8,ROOM 5101,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 492 EP 499 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XR607 UT WOS:A1997XR60700016 PM 9280229 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK Dahlburg, RB AF Antiochos, SK Dahlburg, RB TI The implications of 3D for solar MHD modelling SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Measurements and Analyses of the 3-D Solar Magnetic Fields CY APR 09-11, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP SCOSTEP, STEP, WG-1, Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma Aeronom Res ID FREE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FORCE-FREE FIELDS; CURRENT SHEETS; FLUX TUBES; CORONA; ENERGY; RECONNECTION; DISSIPATION; REGIONS AB The effects of three-dimensionality on the modelling of solar magnetic fields are described. We focus on two processes that are believed to play an important role in coronal heating - the braiding of field lines by photospheric motions and the reconnection of colliding Bur tubes. First, it is shown that a proper treatment of boundary conditions at the photosphere in 3D entails qualitatively new physical processes that are not present in 2D. The numerical resolution of even simple boundary velocity patterns in 3D Leads to obstacles which have no counterpart in the 2D case. We conclude that adaptive mesh refinement is necessary for capturing the essential 3D physics of a braiding motion at the photosphere. Next, the effects of 3D on magnetic reconnection are discussed. Reconnection in 3D can lead to an evolution of interacting flux tubes, magnetic tunneling, that is not only impossible in lower dimensionality, but is strikingly counterintuitive. The implications of these results for the structure of the solar magnetic field and for coronal heating are described. C1 USN, RES LAB, COMPUTAT PHYS & FLUID DYNAM LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1023/A:1004905432428 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB565 UT WOS:A1997YB56500002 ER PT J AU Garland, NL Lambrakos, SG Barger, WR TrzaskomaPaulette, PP AF Garland, NL Lambrakos, SG Barger, WR TrzaskomaPaulette, PP TI Structure of a Langmuir film based on the construction of a system response function for the analysis of second harmonic signals SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Langmuir films; porphyrin surface orientation; second harmonic generation ID OPTICAL 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; BLODGETT-FILMS; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; ACID AB Optical second harmonic generation is used to investigate the characteristics of a Langmuir film of hematoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester on water. Interfacial molecular orientation is determined by the construction of a system response function based on general and consistent assumptions concerning the distribution of second-order non-linear hyperpolarizabilities and the second harmonic intensity variation for compressed and expanded versions of the film. Two dominant average hyperpolarizability axes are observed for the individual molecules making up the film. Further, it is found that the molecules tend to align towards the vertical as the film is compressed from the maximum mean molecular area of 130 Angstrom to the minimum mean molecular area of 70 Angstrom(2). The molecular tilt angle varies from 44 degrees under maximum compression to 71 degrees under full expansion, These results show good quantitative agreement with previous investigations of Langmuir films of similar molecules. (C) 1997 by John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 25 IS 9 BP 715 EP 724 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199708)25:9<715::AID-SIA291>3.0.CO;2-G PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XR698 UT WOS:A1997XR69800011 ER PT J AU Holmes, NM Kane, CJ Cilento, BG AF Holmes, NM Kane, CJ Cilento, BG TI Renal tubular acidosis SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article RP Holmes, NM (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT UROL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD AUG PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 279 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00256-2 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XP368 UT WOS:A1997XP36800023 PM 9255303 ER PT J AU Perzanowski, D Gurney, J AF Perzanowski, D Gurney, J TI The functionality of it-clefts in selected discourses: The message in the medium SO WORD-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WH-CLEFTS; ENGLISH; SENTENCES C1 Naval Ctr Applied Res Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Perzanowski, D (reprint author), Naval Ctr Applied Res Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LINGUISTIC ASSN PI FLUSHING PA C/O EDWARD G FICHTNER DEPT GERMANIC LANGUAGES CUNY, QUEENS COLLEGE, FLUSHING, NY 11367-0904 USA SN 0043-7956 J9 WORD JI Word-J. Int. Ling. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 207 EP 236 PG 30 WC Linguistics SC Linguistics GA YD718 UT WOS:000060177300003 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Munns, CB Dutta, G AF Dutta, I Munns, CB Dutta, G TI An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of vapor deposited gold thin films on aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE gold film; aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate; adhesion; X-ray line broadening; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); strain; defects ID INTERFACES; ADHESION AB The promise of aluminum nitride (AlN) as a substrate material for highly thermally-conductive electronics packages has fostered a number of efforts to develop adherent metallization systems for AlN. In this study, thin films of Au have been thermally evaporated onto polycrystalline AlN substrates under a variety of conditions, and studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that the root mean squared strain obtained from the Warren-Averbach method based on X-ray peak broadening offers a qualitative non-destructive measure of interfacial adhesion between the Au film and the AIN substrate. Interfacial adhesion between Au and AlN has been shown to improve with increasing substrate surface roughness, improving deposition vacuum, increased substrate surface cleanliness, and when a Cr or Al2O3 inter-layer is present between the film and the substrate. A method based on X-ray line shift data was utilized to calculate stacking fault probabilities in the Au films. It was found that the density of stacking faults increased with improving interfacial adhesion for a given substrate surface roughness. TEM revealed numerous twins steeply inclined to the film/foil surface, although the twinning probability calculated via XRD based on peak asymmetry was small, suggesting a low twin density parallel to the film surface. All the films studied had similar grain sizes (similar to 50-70 nm), and possessed a weak {111} fiber texture with the fiber axis normal to the substrate surface. The in-plane grain size and film texture were found to have little dependence on the substrate surface preparation, although Variations in the crystallite sizes measured by XRD suggested that the through-thickness grain size may depend on interfacial adhesion. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT MECH ENGN,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 304 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00220-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XV582 UT WOS:A1997XV58200037 ER PT J AU Whitman, LJ Thibado, PM Erwin, SC Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV AF Whitman, LJ Thibado, PM Erwin, SC Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV TI Metallic III-V (001) surfaces: Violations of the electron counting model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; GROWN GAAS(001); RECONSTRUCTIONS; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; SI(100) AB We describe Sb-rich reconstructions of nearly lattice-matched AlSb and GaSb (001) surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and first-principles electronic structure calculations. Whereas AlSb reconstructs to an insulating c(4 X 4) surface like that of other III-V compounds, GaSb forms c(2 X 10) and (2 X 10) surfaces that are weakly metallic and violate the electron counting model. We attribute the differences to a competition between the energy gain from Sb-Sb bond formation and the cost from the increased surface stress (which depends on the elastic properties of the substrate). RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 27 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 693 EP 696 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.693 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500039 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Ferromagnetic spin fluctuation induced superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE; HE-3 AB We propose a quantitative model for triplet superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 based on first principles calculations for the electronic structure and magnetic susceptibility. The superconductivity is due to ferromagnetic spin fluctuations that are strong at small wave vectors. The calculated effective mass renormalization, renormalized susceptibility, and superconducting critical temperature are all in good agreement with experiment. The order parameter is of comparable magnitude on all three sheets of the Fermi surface. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 21 TC 260 Z9 261 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 733 EP 736 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.733 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500049 ER PT J AU Kogan, VG Miranovic, P DobrosavljevicGrujic, L Pickett, WE Christen, DK AF Kogan, VG Miranovic, P DobrosavljevicGrujic, L Pickett, WE Christen, DK TI Vortex lattices in cubic superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-LINE LATTICE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; YBA2CU3O7; NIOBIUM AB Nonlocal corrections to London equations are employed to describe a variety of vortex lattices seen through neutron scattering in cubic crystals of V3Si with large K. Within this model the observed symmetries of vortex lattices and their coupling to the underlying crystal are reproduced. Predicted lattice structures are field dependent in agreement with the data. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. INST PHYS,YU-11001 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Kogan, VG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,US DOE,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Christen, David/A-9709-2008 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 4 BP 741 EP 744 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.741 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XM975 UT WOS:A1997XM97500051 ER PT J AU Burk, SD Fett, RW Englebretson, RE AF Burk, SD Fett, RW Englebretson, RE TI Numerical simulation of cloud plumes emanating from Arctic leads SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; BEAUFORT SEA; MODEL; TURBULENT; HEAT; COEFFICIENTS; TRANSPORT; POLYNYAS; FLUXES AB A two-dimensional, steady state boundary layer model is used to investigate the formation of cloud plumes over open Arctic leads. Satellite observations from the period of an intense storm in the Beaufort Sea during April 1992 are used to document lead plume formation [Fett et al., 1997]. These observations show a marked variability of open leads with and without cloud plumes dependent on synoptic weather conditions. Model simulations are conducted (using soundings before and after the storm's passage) which show extensive plumes forming in the postfrontal environment but not in the prefrontal atmosphere. To better isolate important factors contributing to plume development and plume dynamics, a large set of idealized model experiments is performed. This matrix of model simulations permits exploration of the parameter space of plume formation. The model is found capable of forecasting the onset of steam fog over a lead in a manner which agrees with empirical relationships. Such steam fog, however, dissipates quickly upon advecting over the surrounding ice and does not therefore appear generally responsible for extensive plumes observed to emanate from leads. Instead, extended cloud plumes form at the top of the convective thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) that develops over a lead. These elevated plumes are quite sensitive to the relative humidity of the environmental air. Unlike steam fog, the elevated plumes also are found to be sensitive to the lapse rate of the environmental air. Changes in wind speed have little impact on the integrated heat and moisture amounts transferred to the atmosphere from a lead (provided advection balances flux divergence) but do impact the cloud plumes by altering shear-driven entrainment. For wide leads, indications are that lead refreezing must be in an advanced stage before having a major impact on the plume formation process. Additionally, we investigate the conditions under which a cloud plume that is detached from its parent lead may form downwind of a lead. Often, the plumes are predominantly water clouds near the lead, with the ice crystal fraction increasing as the plume cools downstream. A simple formula for estimating plume penetration depth is found to agree reasonably well with the model simulations for 1 km wide leads but deviates considerably for wider leads. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP, MONTEREY, CA 93940 USA. RP USN, RES LAB, MARINE METEOROL DIV, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D14 BP 16529 EP 16544 DI 10.1029/97JD00339 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XN384 UT WOS:A1997XN38400010 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Shen, Z Eckermann, SD Bittner, M Hirota, I Yee, JH AF Zhu, X Shen, Z Eckermann, SD Bittner, M Hirota, I Yee, JH TI Gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere derived from the Empirical Mode Decomposition method SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL SPECTRUM; MESOPAUSE REGION; INTERNAL WAVES; MOTIONS; STRATOSPHERE; SATURATION; MESOSPHERE; AUSTRALIA; CAMPAIGN; SPHERE AB The recently developed Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method is applied to analyzing gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere. By establishing a close connection between the fundamental Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) derived from the EMD method and WKB solutions of a dispersive-dissipative wave equation, we show that the EMD method can provide useful insights into physical processes in the middle atmosphere where dispersive-dissipative wave phenomena are dominant. A local power spectrum function P is introduced which provides a quantitative description of the spectrum at any particular location within a data series. The sharp localization of P in space and wavenumber leads to an identification of unphysical small scale oscillations by falling spheres embedded in the wind profiles above 60 km. Further analyses of the horizontal wind profiles derived from the Dynamics Adapted Network for the Atmosphere (DYANA) campaign suggest that for horizontal wind fluctuations with vertical wavenumber m less than or equal to 3 km(-1) (or vertical wavelength L-z greater than or equal to 2 km) the previously observed m(-3) Fourier spectra could be produced by a linear wave packet whose characteristic vertical decreases with altitude. For small vertical scale disturbances with m > 3 km(-1) (L-z < 2 km) a near -3 slope in the marginal distribution exists locally in the middle atmosphere with a great degree of universality, suggesting that nonlinear energy cascade processes may dominate the spectral formation in this wavenumber range. C1 UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL, DEPT PHYS, D-5600 WUPPERTAL 1, GERMANY. USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. KYOTO UNIV, FAC SCI, DEPT GEOPHYS, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. COMPUTAT PHYS INC, FAIRFAX, VA USA. RP JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, APPL PHYS LAB, JOHNS HOPKINS RD, LAUREL, MD 20723 USA. RI Zhu, Xun/C-2097-2016 OI Zhu, Xun/0000-0001-7860-6430 NR 68 TC 17 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D14 BP 16545 EP 16561 DI 10.1029/97JD01139 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XN384 UT WOS:A1997XN38400011 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Gomez, RM Waltman, WB Hicks, BC Thacker, DL Russell, JM Abrams, M Pumphrey, HC Connor, BJ AF Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Gomez, RM Waltman, WB Hicks, BC Thacker, DL Russell, JM Abrams, M Pumphrey, HC Connor, BJ TI A comparative study of mesospheric water vapor measurements from the ground-based water vapor millimeter-wave spectrometer and space-based instruments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; OZONE AB We compare water vapor measurements from the Naval Research Laboratory groundbased Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (WVMS) instruments with measurements taken by five space-based instruments. For coincident measurements the retrievals from all of the instruments show qualitatively similar altitude profiles. The retrieved mixing ratios from most instruments generally differ from an average calculated using retrievals from all of the instruments by <1 ppmv at most altitudes from 40 km to 80 km. Comparisons with the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) allow for the validation of observed temporal variations. The observed variations show similar annual and semiannual cycles. A comparison of several years of data from HALOE and WVMS also shows that the instruments are detecting similar interannual variations. A regression analysis of the WVMS and HALOE data sets shows that the observed variability is consistent within the estimated errors in the mesosphere and that in the upper stratosphere, where the natural variability is small, there is a positive correlation between the WVMS and the HALOE data. C1 NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. UNIV EDINBURGH, DEPT METEOROL, EDINBURGH EH9 3JZ, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. INTERFEROMETR INC, VIENNA, VA USA. NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES, LAUDER, NEW ZEALAND. RP USN, RES LAB, REMOTE SENSING DIV, CODE 7227, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D14 BP 16647 EP 16661 DI 10.1029/97JD01095 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XN384 UT WOS:A1997XN38400018 ER PT J AU Su, J Zhang, QM Ting, RY AF Su, J Zhang, QM Ting, RY TI Space-charge-enhanced electromechanical response in thin-film polyurethane elastomers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; CONDUCTION; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB We show that the large electrical-field-induced strain response observed in certain polyurethane elastomers is a thin-film effect. Based on the frequency dispersion of the strain response in samples with different thicknesses and the thermally stimulated discharge current on samples with different processing conditions; we suggest that the charge injection, an interface effect, which results in a nonuniform space-charge distribution and, hence, a nonuniform electric-field distribution across the sample thickness, is responsible for the enhanced electromechanical response in thin polyurethane samples. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MAT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USN,RES LAB,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,ORLANDO,FL 32856. NR 15 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 3 BP 386 EP 388 DI 10.1063/1.119545 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XL489 UT WOS:A1997XL48900031 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, DR TI Do Washington regulators cause cancer? Joe Camel: Brought to you by the FTC SO FORTUNE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,HOOVER INST,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIME INC PI NEW YORK PA TIME & LIFE BUILDING ROCKEFELLER CENTER, NEW YORK, NY 10020-1393 SN 0015-8259 J9 FORTUNE JI Fortune PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 136 IS 2 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA XH321 UT WOS:A1997XH32100012 ER PT J AU Pavlopoulos, TG AF Pavlopoulos, TG TI Spectroscopy and molecular structure of efficient laser dyes: Vibronic spin-orbit interactions in heterocyclics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser dyes; triplet-triplet absorption; vibronic spin-orbit interactions in heterocyclics ID TRIPLET EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS; POLARIZATION SPECTRA; ANTI-1,5-DIAZABICYCLO<3.3.0>OCTADIENEDIONES 9,10-DIOXABIMANES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SYN-DIOXABIMANES; ABSORPTION; COMPLEXES; BIMANES AB Some characteristics of selected laser dyes are reviewed, and the effect of heterocyclic atom substitutions on triplet (pi, pi*) transitions is studied experimentally. Specifically, the intensities (oscillator strengths f) of the lowest-energy singlet-singlet (S-S) and triplet-triplet (T-T) transitions of anthracene and some of its heterocyclic analogs were measured. It is shown thai, this type of substitution of carbon atoms by heteroatoms results in a considerable reduction of intensity of T-T transitions. This observation is important to laser dye technology. The effect is explained by the existence of an efficient vibronic coupling mechanism between (n, pi*) and (pi,pi*) triplet states in heteroatom molecules. Some general guidelines for how to find efficient laser dyes are proposed. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Pavlopoulos, TG (reprint author), USN,CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,RES DEV TEST & EVALUAT DIV,CODE D361,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4969 EP 4980 DI 10.1364/AO.36.004969 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA XL474 UT WOS:A1997XL47400009 PM 18259302 ER PT J AU Elias, NM Wilson, RE Olson, EC Aufdenberg, JP Guinan, EF Gudel, M VanHamme, WV Stevens, HL AF Elias, NM Wilson, RE Olson, EC Aufdenberg, JP Guinan, EF Gudel, M VanHamme, WV Stevens, HL TI New perspectives on AX Monocerotis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, spectroscopic; circumstellar matter; radio continuum, stars; stars, emission-line, Be; stars, individual (AX Monocerotis); ultraviolet, stars ID SYMBIOTIC STARS; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; POLARIZATION; CURVES; LIGHT; EXTINCTION; SPECTRUM; BINARIES AB AX Moncerotis is a 232(d), noneclipsing, interacting binary star that consists of a K giant, a Be-like giant, and large amounts of circumstellar material. The K star is almost certainly a synchronous rotator and is probably in contact with its critical lobe. The Be star was believed to be a rapid rotator based on extremely wide absorption lines, but new spectra show that these lines arise from the circumstellar environment. Hydrogen emission, also circumstellar, is many times stronger than the continuum. Near-ultraviolet light curves exhibit a 0.5 mag dip near phase 0.75, but there is no such variability at longer wavelengths. Gas flow trajectories from the cusp of the K star toward the Be star provide a simple explanation for the photometric and spectroscopic behavior. We may have found a decreasing orbital period, but more data are necessary to confirm this result. We present several models for AX Mon based on (1) new and archival visible photometry, (2) archival ultraviolet spectroscopy, (3) new and archival visible spectroscopy, (4) new visible polarimetry, and (5) new radio photometry. Future observations, including optical interferometry, are proposed. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT ASTRON, SSRB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT ASTRON, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV, TEMPE, AZ 85781 USA. VILLANOVA UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, VILLANOVA, PA 19085 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. FLORIDA INT UNIV, DEPT PHYS, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT POLIT & SOCIAL THOUGHT, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. RP USN OBSERV, ASTROMETRY DEPT, NRL OPT INTERFEROMETER PROJECT, 3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20392 USA. RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP 394 EP 411 DI 10.1086/304299 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM780 UT WOS:A1997XM78000039 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Wang, YM Hawley, SH Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Paswaters, SE Socker, DG StCyr, OC Wang, D Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Schwenn, R Simnett, GH Plunkett, S Biesecker, DA AF Sheeley, NR Wang, YM Hawley, SH Brueckner, GE Dere, KP Howard, RA Koomen, MJ Korendyke, CM Michels, DJ Paswaters, SE Socker, DG StCyr, OC Wang, D Lamy, PL Llebaria, A Schwenn, R Simnett, GH Plunkett, S Biesecker, DA TI Measurements of flow speeds in the corona between 2 and 30 R-circle dot SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun, corona; Sun, particle emission ID VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR-CYCLE AB Time-lapse sequences of white-light images, obtained during sunspot minimum conditions in 1996 by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, give the impression of a continuous outflow of material in the streamer belt, as if we were observing Thomson scattering from inhomogeneities in the solar wind. Pursuing this idea, we have tracked the birth and outflow of 50-100 of the most prominent moving coronal features and find that: 1. They originate about 3-4 R. from Sun center as radially elongated structures above the cusps of helmet streamers. Their initial sizes are about 1 R. in the radial direction and 0.1 R. in the transverse direction. 2. They move radially outward, maintaining constant angular spans and increasing their lengths in rough accord with their speeds, which typically double from 150 km s(-1) near 5 R. to 300 km s(-1) near 25 R.. 3. Their individual speed profiles upsilon(tau) cluster around a nearly parabolic path characterized by a constant acceleration of about 4 m s(-2) through most of the 30 R. field of view. This profile is consistent with an isothermal solar wind expansion at a temperature of about 1.1 MK and a sonic point near 5 R.. Based on their relatively small initial sizes, low intensities, radial motions, slow but increasing speeds, and location in the streamer belt, we conclude that these moving features an passively tracing the outflow of the slow solar wind. C1 ASTRON SPATIALE LAB,F-13376 MARSEILLE 12,FRANCE. MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PHYS & SPACE RES,SPACE RES GRP,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 14 TC 361 Z9 367 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP 472 EP & PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM780 UT WOS:A1997XM78000046 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Feldman, U Schuhle, U Wilhelm, K Curdt, W Lemaire, P AF Seely, JF Feldman, U Schuhle, U Wilhelm, K Curdt, W Lemaire, P TI Turbulent velocities and ion temperatures in the solar corona obtained from SUMER line widths SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line, formation; line, profiles; Sun, corona ID BURST MODEL; EMISSION; ATMOSPHERE; EQUILIBRIUM AB Turbulent plasma velocities and ion temperatures were determined from the line widths recorded by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. From the widths of the lines of five light elements (Ne, Na, Mg, Si, and S) and a heavy element (Fe), it was possible to determine the contributions of turbulent plasma motion and ion thermal motion to the line widths. The results indicated that the turbulent velocity was approximately 22 km s(-1) at 30 '' above the limb and decreased to less than 10 km s(-1) at 109 '' and 209 '' above the limb. At 30 '' above the limb, the ion temperatures of the hotter lines were comparable to the electron temperatures for ionization equilibrium. The ion temperatures of the cooler lines were higher than the ionization equilibrium temperatures; at 109 '' and 209 '' above the limb, the ion temperatures were at least a factor of 2.5 higher than the ionization equilibrium temperatures. C1 MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. UNIV PARIS 11,INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,CNRS,UNITE MIXTE,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 14 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP L87 EP L90 DI 10.1086/310769 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM782 UT WOS:A1997XM78200021 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Dere, KP Duffin, RT Howard, RA Michels, DJ Moses, JD Harvey, JW Branston, DD Delaboudiniere, JP Artzner, GE Hochedez, JF Defise, JM Catura, RC Lemen, JR Gurman, JB Neupert, WM Newmark, J Thompson, B Maucherat, A Clette, F AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Dere, KP Duffin, RT Howard, RA Michels, DJ Moses, JD Harvey, JW Branston, DD Delaboudiniere, JP Artzner, GE Hochedez, JF Defise, JM Catura, RC Lemen, JR Gurman, JB Neupert, WM Newmark, J Thompson, B Maucherat, A Clette, F TI Association of extreme-ultraviolet imaging telescope (EIT) polar plumes with mixed-polarity magnetic network SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun, chromosphere; Sun, corona; Sun, magnetic fields; Sun, UV radiation; Sun, X-rays, gamma rays ID SOLAR-WIND; FIELDS AB SOHO EIT spectroheliograms showing the polar coronal holes during the present sunspot minimum are compared with National Solar Observatory (Kitt Peak) magnetograms taken in Fe I lambda 8688 and Ca II lambda 8542. The chromospheric lambda 8542 magnetograms, obtained on a routine, near-daily basis since 1996 June, reveal the Sun's strong polar fields with remarkable clarity. We find that the Fe Ix lambda 171 polar plumes occur where minority-polarity flux is in contact with flux of the dominant polarity inside each polar hole. Moreover, the locations of ''plume haze'' coincide approximately with the patterns of brightened He II lambda 304 network within the coronal hole. The observations appear to be consistent with mechanisms of plume formation involving magnetic reconnection between unipolar flux concentrations and nearby bipoles. The fact that minority-polarity fields constitute only a small fraction of the total magnetic flux within the polar holes suggests that plumes are not the main source of the high-speed polar wind. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,NATL SOLAR OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. CTR SPATIAL LIEGE,B-4031 ANGLEUR,BELGIUM. LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. ASTRON SPATIALE LAB,F-13376 MARSEILLE 12,FRANCE. OBSERV ROYAL BELGIQUE,B-1180 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP L75 EP & DI 10.1086/310773 PN 2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM782 UT WOS:A1997XM78200018 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Mariska, JT Wilhelm, K Lemaire, P AF Warren, HP Mariska, JT Wilhelm, K Lemaire, P TI Doppler shifts and nonthermal broadening in the quiet solar transition region: O VI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line, profiles; Sun, transition region; Sun, UV radiation ID OBSERVED REDSHIFTS; LINE WIDTHS; CHROMOSPHERE; CORONA; ZONE AB Using observations from the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) experiment flown on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, we have measured Doppler wavelength shifts and nonthermal broadening in the 1032 and 1038 Angstrom emission lines of O VI and the 1036 and 1037 Angstrom emission lines of C II. Near Sun center the C II lines exhibit an average redshift of 2 +/- 3 km s(-1), consistent with earlier observations in this temperature range. The O VI emission lines exhibit average Doppler velocities of 5 +/- 3 km s(-1), suggesting the presence of redshifted material at 2.9 X 10(6) K. For the O VI lines, the average nonthermal component of the observed line width is 34 +/- 3 km s(-1). C1 MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. UNIV PARIS 11,INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,CNRS,UNITE MIXTE,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7670,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP L91 EP L94 DI 10.1086/310761 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM782 UT WOS:A1997XM78200022 ER PT J AU Williams, KJ Nichols, LT Esman, RD AF Williams, KJ Nichols, LT Esman, RD TI Externally-modulated 3GHz fibre optic link utilising high current and balanced detection SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical fibres; photodetectors AB The performance of a DC to 3GHz extremally modulated link utilising balanced high-power photodetectors is presented. High power photodiodes with 1dB compression currents in excess of 56mA are used with a 240mW NdYAG laser, a dual-output 4V V-pi modulator. and balanced 100 mA total photocurrent yielding a link gain of 3 to 6dB and a noise figure of 15.5-17.5dB. RP Williams, KJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5670,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 15 BP 1327 EP 1328 DI 10.1049/el:19970856 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XN080 UT WOS:A1997XN08000042 ER PT J AU Askins, CG Putnam, MA Patrick, HJ Friebele, EJ AF Askins, CG Putnam, MA Patrick, HJ Friebele, EJ TI Fibre strength unaffected by on-line writing of single-pulse Bragg gratings SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical fibres; gratings in fibres; fibre optic sensors ID OPTICAL-FIBER AB Fibre Bragg gratings written with a KrF excimer laser on the draw tower suffer no degradation of strength due to the high-intensity laser exposure, and they exhibit tensile strength comparable to theoretical estimates for silica fibres. The high fibre strength critical for the use of fibres as distributed sensors is preserved, in contrast to the implications of a recent Letter. RP Askins, CG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 9 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 15 BP 1333 EP 1334 DI 10.1049/el:19970854 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XN080 UT WOS:A1997XN08000046 ER EF